1
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Yuan VG. Rhythms in Remodeling: Posttranslational Regulation of Bone by the Circadian Clock. Biomedicines 2025; 13:705. [PMID: 40149680 PMCID: PMC11940027 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines13030705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2025] [Revised: 03/07/2025] [Accepted: 03/10/2025] [Indexed: 03/29/2025] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock is a fundamental timekeeping system that regulates rhythmic biological processes in response to environmental light-dark cycles. In mammals, core clock genes (CLOCK, BMAL1, PER, and CRY) orchestrate these rhythms through transcriptional-translational feedback loops, influencing various physiological functions, including bone remodeling. Bone homeostasis relies on the coordinated activities of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes, with increasing evidence highlighting the role of circadian regulation in maintaining skeletal integrity. Disruptions in circadian rhythms are linked to bone disorders such as osteoporosis. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs), including phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination, serve as crucial regulators of both circadian mechanisms and bone metabolism. However, the specific role of PTMs in integrating circadian timing with bone remodeling remains underexplored. This review examines the intersection of circadian regulation and PTMs in bone biology, elucidating their impact on bone cell function and homeostasis. Understanding these interactions may uncover novel therapeutic targets for skeletal diseases associated with circadian disruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent G Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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2
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Zhang J, Wu S, Xing F, Kong N, Zhao Y, Duan X, Li Y, Wang K, Tian R, Yang P. Unveiling the role of melatonin-related gene CSNK1D in osteoclastogenesis and its implications for osteoporosis treatment. Exp Physiol 2025; 110:261-276. [PMID: 39612374 PMCID: PMC11782177 DOI: 10.1113/ep092189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 10/07/2024] [Indexed: 12/01/2024]
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a prevalent bone disease characterized by reduced bone density and quality, increasing fragility and fracture risk. Osteoclast (OC) activity and circadian rhythm play a role in the pathogenesis of OP. Melatonin is a circadian regulator that affects bone metabolism, but its molecular mechanism has not been studied in detail. This study aimed to identify the relationship between melatonin-related genes and OP through bioinformatics methods and to verify it experimentally.We analysed microarray data from the GSE35959 dataset, identifying differentially expressed genes in OP patients. Circadian rhythm-related genes and melatonin-related genes intersect with these differentially expressed genes, highlighting that CSNK1D is a central gene. Functional enrichment, correlation and protein-protein interaction analyses were conducted. Experimental validation involved in vitro differentiation assays using RAW264.7 cells and in vivo studies with an ovariectomy-induced rat model of OP to evaluate the role of CSNK1D in osteoclastogenesis to verify its effect on OP. Differential expression analysis revealed 272 significant genes, with CSNK1D identified as central to the circadian rhythm and to melatonin and OP interplay. Functional analyses showed involvement of CSNK1D in OC differentiation and inflammatory pathways. in vitro experiments confirmed CSNK1D upregulation during OC differentiation, and small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown reduced OC marker expression and TRAP+ cell formation. in vivo, CSNK1D expression is associated with bone loss in OP rats. Melatonin-related CSNK1D promotes OC differentiation and promotes the development of OP. These findings suggest CSNK1D as a potential therapeutic target for OP, offering insights into new treatment strategies integrating circadian rhythm regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewen Zhang
- Joint & Ankle SectionThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Shaobo Wu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Honghui HospitalXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Fangze Xing
- Joint & Ankle SectionThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Ning Kong
- Joint & Ankle SectionThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yiwei Zhao
- Joint & Ankle SectionThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Xudong Duan
- Joint & Ankle SectionThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yiyang Li
- Joint & Ankle SectionThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Kunzheng Wang
- Joint & Ankle SectionThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Run Tian
- Joint & Ankle SectionThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Pei Yang
- Joint & Ankle SectionThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
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3
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Ze Y, Wu Y, Tan Z, Li R, Li R, Gao W, Zhao Q. Signaling pathway mechanisms of circadian clock gene Bmal1 regulating bone and cartilage metabolism: a review. Bone Res 2025; 13:19. [PMID: 39870641 PMCID: PMC11772753 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-025-00403-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Revised: 12/17/2024] [Accepted: 12/31/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm is ubiquitous in nature. Circadian clock genes such as Bmal1 and Clock form a multi-level transcription-translation feedback network, and regulate a variety of physiological and pathological processes, including bone and cartilage metabolism. Deletion of the core clock gene Bmal1 leads to pathological bone alterations, while the phenotypes are not consistent. Studies have shown that multiple signaling pathways are involved in the process of Bmal1 regulating bone and cartilage metabolism, but the exact regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. This paper reviews the signaling pathways by which Bmal1 regulates bone/cartilage metabolism, the upstream regulatory factors that control Bmal1, and the current Bmal1 knockout mouse models for research. We hope to provide new insights for the prevention and treatment of bone/cartilage diseases related to circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Ze
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongyao Wu
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhen Tan
- Department of Implant Dentistry, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenzhen Gao
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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4
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Torres M, Kirchner M, Marks CG, Mertins P, Kramer A. Proteomic insights into circadian transcription regulation: novel E-box interactors revealed by proximity labeling. Genes Dev 2024; 38:1020-1032. [PMID: 39562139 PMCID: PMC11610934 DOI: 10.1101/gad.351836.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 10/23/2024] [Indexed: 11/21/2024]
Abstract
Circadian clocks (∼24 h) are responsible for daily physiological, metabolic, and behavioral changes. Central to these oscillations is the regulation of gene transcription. Previous research has identified clock protein complexes that interact with the transcriptional machinery to orchestrate circadian transcription, but technological constraints have limited the identification of de novo proteins. Here we use a novel genomic locus-specific quantitative proteomics approach to provide a new perspective on time of day-dependent protein binding at a critical chromatin locus involved in circadian transcription: the E-box. Using proximity labeling proteomics at the E-box of the clock-controlled Dbp gene in mouse fibroblasts, we identified 69 proteins at this locus at the time of BMAL1 binding. This method successfully enriched BMAL1 as well as HDAC3 and HISTONE H2A.V/Z, known circadian regulators. New E-box proteins include the MINK1 kinase and the transporters XPO7 and APPL1, whose depletion in human U-2 OS cells results in disrupted circadian rhythms, suggesting a role in the circadian transcriptional machinery. Overall, our approach uncovers novel circadian modulators and provides a new strategy to obtain a complete temporal picture of circadian transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Torres
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marieluise Kirchner
- Core Unit Proteomics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Caroline G Marks
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Mertins
- Core Unit Proteomics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim Kramer
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
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5
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Benítez-Burraco A, Uriagereka J, Nataf S. The genomic landscape of mammal domestication might be orchestrated by selected transcription factors regulating brain and craniofacial development. Dev Genes Evol 2023; 233:123-135. [PMID: 37552321 PMCID: PMC10746608 DOI: 10.1007/s00427-023-00709-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Domestication transforms once wild animals into tamed animals that can be then exploited by humans. The process entails modifications in the body, cognition, and behavior that are essentially driven by differences in gene expression patterns. Although genetic and epigenetic mechanisms were shown to underlie such differences, less is known about the role exerted by trans-regulatory molecules, notably transcription factors (TFs) in domestication. In this paper, we conducted extensive in silico analyses aimed to clarify the TF landscape of mammal domestication. We first searched the literature, so as to establish a large list of genes selected with domestication in mammals. From this list, we selected genes experimentally demonstrated to exhibit TF functions. We also considered TFs displaying a statistically significant number of targets among the entire list of (domestication) selected genes. This workflow allowed us to identify 5 candidate TFs (SOX2, KLF4, MITF, NR3C1, NR3C2) that were further assessed in terms of biochemical and functional properties. We found that such TFs-of-interest related to mammal domestication are all significantly involved in the development of the brain and the craniofacial region, as well as the immune response and lipid metabolism. A ranking strategy, essentially based on a survey of protein-protein interactions datasets, allowed us to identify SOX2 as the main candidate TF involved in domestication-associated evolutionary changes. These findings should help to clarify the molecular mechanics of domestication and are of interest for future studies aimed to understand the behavioral and cognitive changes associated to domestication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Benítez-Burraco
- Department of Spanish, Linguistics, and Theory of Literature (Linguistics), Faculty of Philology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
- Área de Lingüística General, Departamento de Lengua Española, Lingüística y Teoría de la Literatura, Facultad de Filología, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Palos de la Frontera s/n., 41007-, Sevilla, España.
| | - Juan Uriagereka
- Department of Linguistics and School of Languages, Literatures & Cultures, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Serge Nataf
- Stem-cell and Brain Research Institute, 18 avenue de Doyen Lépine, F-69500, Bron, France
- University of Lyon 1, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
- Bank of Tissues and Cells, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Place d'Arsonval, F-69003, Lyon, France
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6
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Jiang Y, Wang S, Lin W, Gu J, Li G, Shao Y. BMAL1 Promotes Valvular Interstitial Cells’ Osteogenic Differentiation through NF-κ B/AKT/MAPK Pathway. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:jcdd10030110. [PMID: 36975874 PMCID: PMC10054744 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10030110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is most common in the aging population and is without effective medical treatments. Brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 (BMAL1) is related to calcification. It has unique tissue-specific characteristics and plays different roles in different tissues’ calcification processes. The purpose of the present study is to explore the role of BMAL1 in CAVD. Methods: The protein levels of BMAL1 in normal and calcified human aortic valves and valvular interstitial cells (VICs) isolated from normal and calcified human aortic valves were checked. HVICs were cultured in osteogenic medium as an in vitro model, and BMAL1 expression and location were detected. TGF-β and RhoA/ROCK inhibitors and RhoA-siRNA were applied to detect the mechanism underlying the source of BMAL1 during HVICs’ osteogenic differentiation. ChIP was applied to check whether BMAL1 could directly interact with the runx2 primer CPG region, and the expression of key proteins involved in the TNF signaling pathway and NF-κ B pathway was tested after silencing BMAL1. Results: In this study, we found that BMAL1 expression was elevated in calcified human aortic valves and VICs isolated from calcified human aortic valves. Osteogenic medium could promote BMAL1 expression in HVICs and the knockdown of BMAL1 induced the inhibition of HVICs’ osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, the osteogenic medium promoting BMAL1 expression could be blocked by TGF-β and RhoA/ROCK inhibitors and RhoA-siRNA. Meanwhile, BMAL1 could not bind with the runx2 primer CPG region directly, but knockdown of BMAL1 led to decreased levels of P-AKT, P-IκBα, P-p65 and P-JNK. Conclusions: Osteogenic medium could promote BMAL1 expression in HVICs through the TGF-β/RhoA/ROCK pathway. BMAL1 could not act as a transcription factor, but functioned through the NF-κ B/AKT/MAPK pathway to regulate the osteogenic differentiation of HVICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yefan Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road, No. 300, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road, No. 300, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wenfeng Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road, No. 300, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jiaxi Gu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road, No. 300, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Geng Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Road, No. 1277, Wuhan 430022, China
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (Y.S.); Tel.: +86-027-85351611 (G.L.); +86-025-68303574 (Y.S.)
| | - Yongfeng Shao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road, No. 300, Nanjing 210029, China
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (Y.S.); Tel.: +86-027-85351611 (G.L.); +86-025-68303574 (Y.S.)
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7
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Bone Tissue and the Nervous System: What Do They Have in Common? Cells 2022; 12:cells12010051. [PMID: 36611845 PMCID: PMC9818711 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Degenerative diseases affecting bone tissues and the brain represent important problems with high socio-economic impact. Certain bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, are considered risk factors for the progression of neurological disorders. Often, patients with neurodegenerative diseases have bone fractures or reduced mobility linked to osteoarthritis. The bone is a dynamic tissue involved not only in movement but also in the maintenance of mineral metabolism. Bone is also associated with the generation of both hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and thus the generation of the immune system, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Bone marrow is a lymphoid organ and contains MSCs and HSCs, both of which are involved in brain health via the production of cytokines with endocrine functions. Hence, it seems clear that bone is involved in the regulation of the neuronal system and vice versa. This review summarizes the recent knowledge on the interactions between the nervous system and bone and highlights the importance of the interaction between nerve and bone cells. In addition, experimental models that study the interaction between nerve and skeletal cells are discussed, and innovative models are suggested to better evaluate the molecular interactions between these two cell types.
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8
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Zhang ZB, Sinha J, Bahrami-Nejad Z, Teruel MN. The circadian clock mediates daily bursts of cell differentiation by periodically restricting cell-differentiation commitment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2204470119. [PMID: 35939672 PMCID: PMC9388110 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2204470119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most mammalian cells have an intrinsic circadian clock that coordinates metabolic activity with the daily rest and wake cycle. The circadian clock is known to regulate cell differentiation, but how continuous daily oscillations of the internal clock can control a much longer, multiday differentiation process is not known. Here, we simultaneously monitor circadian clock and adipocyte-differentiation progression live in single cells. Strikingly, we find a bursting behavior in the cell population whereby individual preadipocytes commit to differentiate primarily during a 12-h window each day, corresponding to the time of rest. Daily gating occurs because cells irreversibly commit to differentiate within only a few hours, which is much faster than the rest phase and the overall multiday differentiation process. The daily bursts in differentiation commitment result from a differentiation-stimulus driven variable and slow increase in expression of PPARG, the master regulator of adipogenesis, overlaid with circadian boosts in PPARG expression driven by fast, clock-driven PPARG regulators such as CEBPA. Our finding of daily bursts in cell differentiation only during the circadian cycle phase corresponding to evening in humans is broadly relevant, given that most differentiating somatic cells are regulated by the circadian clock. Having a restricted time each day when differentiation occurs may open therapeutic strategies to use timed treatment relative to the clock to promote tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Bo Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065
- The Ira & Gale Drukier Institute of Children’s Health, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Joydeb Sinha
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Zahra Bahrami-Nejad
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Mary N. Teruel
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065
- The Ira & Gale Drukier Institute of Children’s Health, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
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9
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Li T, Zhang S, Yang Y, Zhang L, Yuan Y, Zou J. Co-regulation of circadian clock genes and microRNAs in bone metabolism. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2022; 23:529-546. [PMID: 35794684 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2100958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian bone is constantly metabolized from the embryonic stage, and the maintenance of bone health depends on the dynamic balance between bone resorption and bone formation, mediated by osteoclasts and osteoblasts. It is widely recognized that circadian clock genes can regulate bone metabolism. In recent years, the regulation of bone metabolism by non-coding RNAs has become a hotspot of research. MicroRNAs can participate in bone catabolism and anabolism by targeting key factors related to bone metabolism, including circadian clock genes. However, research in this field has been conducted only in recent years and the mechanisms involved are not yet well established. Recent studies have focused on how to target circadian clock genes to treat some diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, but few have focused on the co-regulation of circadian clock genes and microRNAs in bone metabolic diseases. Therefore, in this paper we review the progress of research on the co-regulation of bone metabolism by circadian clock genes and microRNAs, aiming to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of bone metabolic diseases such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- School of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China.,School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shihua Zhang
- College of Graduate Education, Jinan Sport University, Jinan 250102, China
| | - Yuxuan Yang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yu Yuan
- School of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China. ,
| | - Jun Zou
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
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10
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Gao W, Li R, Ye M, Zhang L, Zheng J, Yang Y, Wei X, Zhao Q. The circadian clock has roles in mesenchymal stem cell fate decision. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:200. [PMID: 35578353 PMCID: PMC9109355 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02878-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock refers to the intrinsic biological rhythms of physiological functions and behaviours. It synergises with the solar cycle and has profound effects on normal metabolism and organismal fitness. Recent studies have suggested that the circadian clock exerts great influence on the differentiation of stem cells. Here, we focus on the close relationship between the circadian clock and mesenchymal stem cell fate decisions in the skeletal system. The underlying mechanisms include hormone signals and the activation and repression of different transcription factors under circadian regulation. Additionally, the clock interacts with epigenetic modifiers and non-coding RNAs and is even involved in chromatin remodelling. Although the specificity and safety of circadian therapy need to be further studied, the circadian regulation of stem cells can be regarded as a promising candidate for health improvement and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Meilin Ye
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Lanxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiawen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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11
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Debski KJ, Ceglia N, Ghestem A, Ivanov AI, Brancati GE, Bröer S, Bot AM, Müller JA, Schoch S, Becker A, Löscher W, Guye M, Sassone-Corsi P, Lukasiuk K, Baldi P, Bernard C. The circadian dynamics of the hippocampal transcriptome and proteome is altered in experimental temporal lobe epilepsy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaat5979. [PMID: 33036982 PMCID: PMC10764101 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat5979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gene and protein expressions display circadian oscillations, which can be disrupted in diseases in most body organs. Whether these oscillations occur in the healthy hippocampus and whether they are altered in epilepsy are not known. We identified more than 1200 daily oscillating transcripts in the hippocampus of control mice and 1600 in experimental epilepsy, with only one-fourth oscillating in both conditions. Comparison of gene oscillations in control and epilepsy predicted time-dependent alterations in energy metabolism, which were verified experimentally. Although aerobic glycolysis remained constant from morning to afternoon in controls, it increased in epilepsy. In contrast, oxidative phosphorylation increased in control and decreased in epilepsy. Thus, the control hippocampus shows circadian molecular remapping, which is altered in epilepsy. We suggest that the hippocampus operates in a different functioning mode in epilepsy. These alterations need to be considered when studying epilepsy mechanisms, designing drug treatments, and timing their delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Debski
- Epileptogenesis Laboratory, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - N Ceglia
- Department of Computer Science and Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-3435, USA
| | - A Ghestem
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France
| | - A I Ivanov
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France
| | - G E Brancati
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France
| | - S Bröer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - A M Bot
- Epileptogenesis Laboratory, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - J A Müller
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - S Schoch
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - A Becker
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - W Löscher
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - M Guye
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France
- APHM, Hôpital Universitaire Timone, CEMEREM, Marseille, France
| | - P Sassone-Corsi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - K Lukasiuk
- Epileptogenesis Laboratory, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Baldi
- Department of Computer Science and Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-3435, USA
| | - C Bernard
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France.
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12
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Chen G, Tang Q, Yu S, Xie Y, Sun J, Li S, Chen L. The biological function of BMAL1 in skeleton development and disorders. Life Sci 2020; 253:117636. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Hilbert DA, Memmert S, Marciniak J, Jäger A. Molecular biology of periodontal ligament fibroblasts and orthodontic tooth movement : Evidence and possible role of the circadian rhythm. J Orofac Orthop 2019; 80:336-347. [PMID: 31650205 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-019-00195-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The circadian clock plays an important role in many physiological states and pathologies. The significance of its core genes in bone formation and tooth development has already been demonstrated. However, regulation of these genes and their influence on periodontal and bone remodeling in periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts remains to be elucidated. Our hypothesis was that the circadian clock influences markers for periodontal and bone remodeling and therefore orthodontic tooth movement itself. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human PDL fibroblasts were cultured and synchronized in circadian rhythms with the help of a dexamethasone shock. Cells were harvested at 4 h intervals. Reverse transcription and quantitative RT PCR (real time polymerase chain reaction) were performed to assess the mRNA levels of the clock genes ARNTL, CLOCK1, PER1, and PER2. Subsequently, mRNA expression of important marker genes for periodontal and bone remodeling, OPG, RANKL, OCN, OPN, RUNX2, COL1A1, IL1β, KI67, and POSTN, were examined at time points of ARNTL amplitude expression. RESULTS Gene expression of core clock genes varied over 48 h in accordance with the circadian rhythm. Functional markers, except KI67, showed significant differences at time points of maximum fluctuation especially of ARNTL. CONCLUSIONS PDL fibroblasts express circadian clock genes. Our results suggest that genes associated with bone and periodontal remodeling are influenced by the circadian rhythm. Further research will have to refine the understanding of this influence for orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Andreas Hilbert
- Department of Prosthodontics, Preclinical Education and Dental Materials Science, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Svenja Memmert
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jana Marciniak
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Jäger
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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14
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Bourgeois Y, Boissinot S. Selection at behavioural, developmental and metabolic genes is associated with the northward expansion of a successful tropical colonizer. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:3523-3543. [PMID: 31233650 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
What makes a species able to colonize novel environments? This question is key to understand the dynamics of adaptive radiations and ecological niche shifts, but the mechanisms that underlie expansion into novel habitats remain poorly understood at a genomic scale. Lizards from the genus Anolis are typically tropical, and the green anole (Anolis carolinensis) constitutes an exception since it expanded into temperate North America from subtropical Florida. Thus, we used the green anole as a model to investigate signatures of selection associated with colonization of a new environment, namely temperate North America. To this end, we analysed 29 whole-genome sequences, covering the entire native range of the species. We used a combination of recent methods to quantify both positive and balancing selection in northern populations, including FST outlier methods, machine learning and ancestral recombination graphs. We naively scanned for genes of interest and assessed the overlap between multiple tests. Strikingly, we identified many genes involved in behaviour, suggesting that the recent successful colonization of northern environments may have been linked to behavioural shifts as well as physiological adaptation. Using a candidate genes strategy, we determined that genes involved in response to cold or behaviour displayed more frequently signals of selection, while controlling for local recombination rate, gene clustering and gene length. In addition, we found signatures of balancing selection at immune genes in all investigated genetic groups, but also at genes involved in neuronal and anatomical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Bourgeois
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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15
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Runx2 was Correlated with Neurite Outgrowth and Schwann Cell Differentiation, Migration After Sciatic Nerve Crush. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:2423-2434. [PMID: 30374602 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2670-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Runx2, also known as Cbfa1, is a multifunctional transcription factor essential for osteoblast differentiation. It also plays major roles in chondrocyte maturation, mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, cleidocranial dysplasia, and the growth and metastasis of tumors. The present study was performed to investigate the functions of Runx2 in the differentiation and migration of Schwann cells and outgrowth of neurites after peripheral nervous system injury. In a model of sciatic nerve crush (SNC) injury, we found a gradual increase in the expression of Runx2, which reached a peak after 1 week. Immunofluorescence revealed increased expression of Runx2 in Schwann cells and axons after SNC injury. Runx2 and Oct-6 expression trends were consistent with each other in western blotting, and colocalization of Runx2 and Oct-6 was observed in immunofluorescence. In vitro, Runx2 promoted Schwann cell differentiation by activation of the Akt-GSK3β signaling pathway. In addition, Runx2 promoted the migration of Schwann cells and outgrowth of neurites. These findings suggest that Runx2 may be involved in neurite outgrowth and Schwann cell differentiation and migration after sciatic nerve injury.
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16
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Wang JJ, Shan K, Liu BH, Liu C, Zhou RM, Li XM, Dong R, Zhang SJ, Zhang SH, Wu JH, Yan B. Targeting circular RNA-ZRANB1 for therapeutic intervention in retinal neurodegeneration. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:540. [PMID: 29748605 PMCID: PMC5945597 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0597-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss, optic disc excavation, and progressive visual field loss. Direct or indirect ameliorating retinal neurodegeneration is a promising therapeutic therapy for glaucoma. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of covalently closed circular RNA transcripts and have emerged as potential regulators in several neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we show that cZRANB1 expression is significantly upregulated in retinal neurodegeneration induced by glaucoma. cZRANB1 knockdown decreases retinal reactive gliosis, glial cell activation, and facilitates RGC survival in vivo. cZRANB1 knockdown directly regulates Müller cell function and indirectly regulates RGC function in vitro. cZRANB1 acts as miRNA sponge to regulate Müller cell function through cZRANB1/miR-217/RUNX2 network. Intervention of cZRANB1 expression would become an effective strategy for treating retinal neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jian Wang
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Shan
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bai-Hui Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Liu
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong-Mei Zhou
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiu-Miao Li
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Dong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Jie Zhang
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Biao Yan
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China.
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17
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Constant Light Desynchronizes Olfactory versus Object and Visuospatial Recognition Memory Performance. J Neurosci 2017; 37:3555-3567. [PMID: 28264977 PMCID: PMC5373134 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3213-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms optimize physiology and behavior to the varying demands of the 24 h day. The master circadian clock is located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus and it regulates circadian oscillators in tissues throughout the body to prevent internal desynchrony. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that, under standard 12 h:12 h light/dark (LD) cycles, object, visuospatial, and olfactory recognition performance in C57BL/6J mice is consistently better at midday relative to midnight. However, under repeated exposure to constant light (rLL), recognition performance becomes desynchronized, with object and visuospatial performance better at subjective midday and olfactory performance better at subjective midnight. This desynchrony in behavioral performance is mirrored by changes in expression of the canonical clock genes Period1 and Period2 (Per1 and Per2), as well as the immediate-early gene Fos in the SCN, dorsal hippocampus, and olfactory bulb. Under rLL, rhythmic Per1 and Fos expression is attenuated in the SCN. In contrast, hippocampal gene expression remains rhythmic, mirroring object and visuospatial performance. Strikingly, Per1 and Fos expression in the olfactory bulb is reversed, mirroring the inverted olfactory performance. Temporal desynchrony among these regions does not result in arrhythmicity because core body temperature and exploratory activity rhythms persist under rLL. Our data provide the first demonstration that abnormal lighting conditions can give rise to temporal desynchrony between autonomous circadian oscillators in different regions, with different consequences for performance across different sensory domains. Such a dispersed network of dissociable circadian oscillators may provide greater flexibility when faced with conflicting environmental signals. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT A master circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus regulates physiology and behavior across the 24 h day by synchronizing peripheral clocks throughout the brain and body. Without the SCN, these peripheral clocks rapidly become desynchronized. Here, we provide a unique demonstration that, under lighting conditions in which the central clock in the SCN is dampened, peripheral oscillators in the hippocampus and olfactory bulb become desynchronized, along with the behavioral processes mediated by these clocks. Multiple clocks that adopt different phase relationships may enable processes occurring in different brain regions to be optimized to specific phases of the 24 h day. Moreover, such a dispersed network of dissociable circadian clocks may provide greater flexibility when faced with conflicting environmental signals (e.g., seasonal changes in photoperiod).
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18
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Wang JW, Stifani S. Roles of Runx Genes in Nervous System Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 962:103-116. [PMID: 28299654 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-3233-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Runt-related (Runx) transcription factors play essential roles during development and adult tissue homeostasis and are responsible for several human diseases. They regulate a variety of biological mechanisms in numerous cell lineages. Recent years have seen significant progress in our understanding of the functions performed by Runx proteins in the developing and postnatal mammalian nervous system. In both central and peripheral nervous systems, Runx1 and Runx3 display remarkably specific expression in mostly non-overlapping groups of postmitotic neurons. In the central nervous system, Runx1 is involved in the development of selected motor neurons controlling neural circuits mediating vital functions such as chewing, swallowing, breathing, and locomotion. In the peripheral nervous system, Runx1 and Runx3 play essential roles during the development of sensory neurons involved in circuits mediating pain, itch, thermal sensation and sense of relative position. Runx1 and Runx3 orchestrate complex gene expression programs controlling neuronal subtype specification and axonal connectivity. Runx1 is also important in the olfactory system, where it regulates the progenitor-to-neuron transition in undifferentiated neural progenitor cells in the olfactory epithelium as well as the proliferation and developmental maturation of specific glial cells termed olfactory ensheathing cells. Moreover, upregulated Runx expression is associated with brain injury and disease. Increasing knowledge of the functions of Runx proteins in the developing and postnatal nervous system is therefore expected to improve our understanding of nervous system development, homeostasis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Woong Wang
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A2B4, Canada
| | - Stefano Stifani
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A2B4, Canada.
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19
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Murphy E, Benítez-Burraco A. Language deficits in schizophrenia and autism as related oscillatory connectomopathies: An evolutionary account. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 83:742-764. [PMID: 27475632 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterised by marked language deficits, but it is not clear how these arise from gene mutations associated with the disorders. Our goal is to narrow the gap between SZ and ASD and, ultimately, give support to the view that they represent abnormal (but related) ontogenetic itineraries for the human faculty of language. We will focus on the distinctive oscillatory profiles of the SZ and ASD brains, in turn using these insights to refine our understanding of how the brain implements linguistic computations by exploring a novel model of linguistic feature-set composition. We will argue that brain rhythms constitute the best route to interpreting language deficits in both conditions and mapping them to neural dysfunction and risk alleles of the genes. Importantly, candidate genes for SZ and ASD are overrepresented among the gene sets believed to be important for language evolution. This translational effort may help develop an understanding of the aetiology of SZ and ASD and their high prevalence among modern populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Murphy
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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20
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Samsa WE, Zhou X, Zhou G. Signaling pathways regulating cartilage growth plate formation and activity. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 62:3-15. [PMID: 27418125 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The growth plate is a highly specialized and dynamic cartilage structure that serves many essential functions in skeleton patterning, growth and endochondral ossification in developing vertebrates. Major signaling pathways initiated by classical morphogens and by other systemic and tissue-specific factors are intimately involved in key aspects of growth plate development. As a corollary of these essential functions, disturbances in these pathways due to mutations or environmental factors lead to severe skeleton disorders. Here, we review these pathways and the most recent progress made in understanding their roles in chondrocyte differentiation in growth plate development and activity. Furthermore, we discuss newly uncovered pathways involved in growth plate formation, including mTOR, the circadian clock, and the COP9 signalosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Samsa
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guang Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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21
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Samsa WE, Vasanji A, Midura RJ, Kondratov RV. Deficiency of circadian clock protein BMAL1 in mice results in a low bone mass phenotype. Bone 2016; 84:194-203. [PMID: 26789548 PMCID: PMC4755907 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock is an endogenous time keeping system that controls the physiology and behavior of many organisms. The transcription factor Brain and Muscle ARNT-like Protein 1 (BMAL1) is a component of the circadian clock and necessary for clock function. Bmal1(-/-) mice display accelerated aging and many accompanying age associated pathologies. Here, we report that mice deficient for BMAL1 have a low bone mass phenotype that is absent at birth and progressively worsens over their lifespan. Accelerated aging of these mice is associated with the formation of bony bridges occurring across the metaphysis to the epiphysis, resulting in shorter long bones. Using micro-computed tomography we show that Bmal1(-/-) mice have reductions in cortical and trabecular bone volume and other micro-structural parameters and a lower bone mineral density. Histology shows a deficiency of BMAL1 results in a reduced number of active osteoblasts and osteocytes in vivo. Isolation of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells from Bmal1(-/-) mice demonstrate a reduced ability to differentiate into osteoblasts in vitro, which likely explains the observed reductions in osteoblasts and osteocytes, and may contribute to the observed osteopenia. Our data support the role of the circadian clock in the regulation of bone homeostasis and shows that BMAL1 deficiency results in a low bone mass phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Samsa
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Diseases, BGES, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44115-2214, USA.
| | - Amit Vasanji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| | - Ronald J Midura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| | - Roman V Kondratov
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Diseases, BGES, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44115-2214, USA.
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22
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Rojas-Castañeda JC, Vigueras-Villaseñor RM, Chávez-Saldaña M, Rojas P, Gutiérrez-Pérez O, Rojas C, Arteaga-Silva M. Neonatal exposure to monosodium glutamate induces morphological alterations in suprachiasmatic nucleus of adult rat. Int J Exp Pathol 2016; 97:18-26. [PMID: 26799547 PMCID: PMC4840248 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal exposure to monosodium glutamate (MSG) induces circadian disorders in several physiological and behavioural processes regulated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of neonatal exposure to MSG on locomotor activity, and on morphology, cellular density and expression of proteins, as evaluated by optical density (OD), of vasopressin (VP)-, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)- and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-immunoreactive cells in the SCN. Male Wistar rats were used: the MSG group was subcutaneously treated from 3 to 10 days of age with 3.5 mg/g/day. Locomotor activity was evaluated at 90 days of age using 'open-field' test, and the brains were processed for immunohistochemical studies. MSG exposure induced a significant decrease in locomotor activity. VP- and VIP-immunoreactive neuronal densities showed a significant decrease, while the somatic OD showed an increase. Major axes and somatic area were significantly increased in VIP neurons. The cellular and optical densities of GFAP-immunoreactive sections of SCN were significantly increased. These results demonstrated that newborn exposure to MSG induced morphological alterations in SCN cells, an alteration that could be the basis for behavioural disorders observed in the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosa María Vigueras-Villaseñor
- Subdirección de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México D.F., México
- Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootécnia, UNAM, México D.F., México
| | | | - Patricia Rojas
- Laboratorio de Neurotoxicología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, 'Manuel Velasco Suárez', México D.F., México
| | - Oscar Gutiérrez-Pérez
- Subdirección de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México D.F., México
- Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootécnia, UNAM, México D.F., México
| | - Carolina Rojas
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, México D.F., México
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Abstract
Neural oscillations at distinct frequencies are increasingly being related to a number of basic and higher cognitive faculties. Oscillations enable the construction of coherently organized neuronal assemblies through establishing transitory temporal correlations. By exploring the elementary operations of the language faculty-labeling, concatenation, cyclic transfer-alongside neural dynamics, a new model of linguistic computation is proposed. It is argued that the universality of language, and the true biological source of Universal Grammar, is not to be found purely in the genome as has long been suggested, but more specifically within the extraordinarily preserved nature of mammalian brain rhythms employed in the computation of linguistic structures. Computational-representational theories are used as a guide in investigating the neurobiological foundations of the human "cognome"-the set of computations performed by the nervous system-and new directions are suggested for how the dynamics of the brain (the "dynome") operate and execute linguistic operations. The extent to which brain rhythms are the suitable neuronal processes which can capture the computational properties of the human language faculty is considered against a backdrop of existing cartographic research into the localization of linguistic interpretation. Particular focus is placed on labeling, the operation elsewhere argued to be species-specific. A Basic Label model of the human cognome-dynome is proposed, leading to clear, causally-addressable empirical predictions, to be investigated by a suggested research program, Dynamic Cognomics. In addition, a distinction between minimal and maximal degrees of explanation is introduced to differentiate between the depth of analysis provided by cartographic, rhythmic, neurochemical, and other approaches to computation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Murphy
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College LondonLondon, UK
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24
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Boeckx C, Benítez-Burraco A. Osteogenesis and neurogenesis: a robust link also for language evolution. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:291. [PMID: 26283924 PMCID: PMC4516893 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Boeckx
- Catalan Institute for Advanced Studies and Research Barcelona, Spain ; Linguistics, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Benítez-Burraco A, Boeckx C. Possible functional links among brain- and skull-related genes selected in modern humans. Front Psychol 2015; 6:794. [PMID: 26136701 PMCID: PMC4468360 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The sequencing of the genomes from extinct hominins has revealed that changes in some brain-related genes have been selected after the split between anatomically-modern humans and Neanderthals/Denisovans. To date, no coherent view of these changes has been provided. Following a line of research we initiated in Boeckx and Benítez-Burraco (2014a), we hypothesize functional links among most of these genes and their products, based on the existing literature for each of the gene discussed. The genes we focus on are found mutated in different cognitive disorders affecting modern populations and their products are involved in skull and brain morphology, and neural connectivity. If our hypothesis turns out to be on the right track, it means that the changes affecting most of these proteins resulted in a more globular brain and ultimately brought about modern cognition, with its characteristic generativity and capacity to form and exploit cross-modular concepts, properties most clearly manifested in language.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cedric Boeckx
- Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies , Barcelona, Spain ; Department of Linguistics, Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain
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26
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Benítez-Burraco A. Biological noise and H2A.Z: a promising connection for language. Front Genet 2015; 5:463. [PMID: 25620980 PMCID: PMC4288338 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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27
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Benítez-Burraco A, Boeckx C. FOXP2, retinoic acid, and language: a promising direction. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:387. [PMID: 25431551 PMCID: PMC4230053 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cedric Boeckx
- Catalan Institute for Advanced Studies and Research (ICREA) Barcelona, Spain ; Department of Linguistics, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
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28
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Boeckx C, Benítez-Burraco A. Globularity and language-readiness: generating new predictions by expanding the set of genes of interest. Front Psychol 2014; 5:1324. [PMID: 25505436 PMCID: PMC4243498 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study builds on the hypothesis put forth in Boeckx and Benítez-Burraco (2014), according to which the developmental changes expressed at the levels of brain morphology and neural connectivity that resulted in a more globular braincase in our species were crucial to understand the origins of our language-ready brain. Specifically, this paper explores the links between two well-known 'language-related' genes like FOXP2 and ROBO1 implicated in vocal learning and the initial set of genes of interest put forth in Boeckx and Benítez-Burraco (2014), with RUNX2 as focal point. Relying on the existing literature, we uncover potential molecular links that could be of interest to future experimental inquiries into the biological foundations of language and the testing of our initial hypothesis. Our discussion could also be relevant for clinical linguistics and for the interpretation of results from paleogenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Boeckx
- Catalan Institute for Advanced Studies and Research (ICREA)Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Linguistics, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
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Boeckx C, Benítez-Burraco A. The shape of the human language-ready brain. Front Psychol 2014; 5:282. [PMID: 24772099 PMCID: PMC3983487 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Our core hypothesis is that the emergence of our species-specific language-ready brain ought to be understood in light of the developmental changes expressed at the levels of brain morphology and neural connectivity that occurred in our species after the split from Neanderthals–Denisovans and that gave us a more globular braincase configuration. In addition to changes at the cortical level, we hypothesize that the anatomical shift that led to globularity also entailed significant changes at the subcortical level. We claim that the functional consequences of such changes must also be taken into account to gain a fuller understanding of our linguistic capacity. Here we focus on the thalamus, which we argue is central to language and human cognition, as it modulates fronto-parietal activity. With this new neurobiological perspective in place, we examine its possible molecular basis. We construct a candidate gene set whose members are involved in the development and connectivity of the thalamus, in the evolution of the human head, and are known to give rise to language-associated cognitive disorders. We submit that the new gene candidate set opens up new windows into our understanding of the genetic basis of our linguistic capacity. Thus, our hypothesis aims at generating new testing grounds concerning core aspects of language ontogeny and phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Boeckx
- Catalan Institute for Advanced Studies and Research (ICREA) Barcelona, Spain ; Department of Linguistics, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
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Zheng L, Ehardt L, McAlpin B, About I, Kim D, Papagerakis S, Papagerakis P. The tick tock of odontogenesis. Exp Cell Res 2014; 325:83-9. [PMID: 24582863 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although a big deal of dental research is being focused to the understanding of early stages of tooth development, a huge gap exist on our knowledge on how the dental hard tissues are formed and how this process is controlled daily in order to produce very complex and diverse tooth shapes adapted for specific functions. Emerging evidence suggests that clock genes, a family of genes that controls circadian functions within our bodies, regulate also dental mineralized tissues formation. Enamel formation, for example, is subjected to rhythmical molecular signals that occur on short (24h) periods and control the secretion and maturation of the enamel matrix. Accordingly, gene expression and ameloblast functions are also tightly modulated in regular daily intervals. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the circadian controls of dental mineralized tissues development with a special emphasis on amelogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zheng
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lauren Ehardt
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Blake McAlpin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Imad About
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, 13288, Marseille cedex 09, France
| | - Doohak Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Silvana Papagerakis
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Petros Papagerakis
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center for Organogenesis, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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