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Pant A, Das B, Arimbasseri GA. Host microbiome in tuberculosis: disease, treatment, and immunity perspectives. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1236348. [PMID: 37808315 PMCID: PMC10559974 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1236348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), an airborne pulmonary disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), poses an unprecedented health and economic burden to most of the developing countries. Treatment of TB requires prolonged use of a cocktail of antibiotics, which often manifest several side effects, including stomach upset, nausea, and loss of appetite spurring on treatment non-compliance and the emergence of antibiotic resistant M. tb. The anti-TB treatment regimen causes imbalances in the composition of autochthonous microbiota associated with the human body, which also contributes to major side effects. The microbiota residing in the gastrointestinal tract play an important role in various physiological processes, including resistance against colonization by pathogens, boosting host immunity, and providing key metabolic functions. In TB patients, due to prolonged exposure to anti-tuberculosis drugs, the gut microbiota significantly loses its diversity and several keystone bacterial taxa. This loss may result in a significant reduction in the functional potency of the microbiota, which is a probable reason for poor treatment outcomes. In this review, we discuss the structural and functional changes of the gut microbiota during TB and its treatment. A major focus of the review is oriented to the gut microbial association with micronutrient profiles and immune cell dynamics during TB infection. Furthermore, we summarize the acquisition of anti-microbial resistance in M. tb along with the microbiome-based therapeutics to cure the infections. Understanding the relationship between these components and host susceptibility to TB disease is important to finding potential targets that may be used in TB prevention, progression, and cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Pant
- Molecular Genetics Lab, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhabatosh Das
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Infection and Immunology Division, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
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Feng TY, Melchor SJ, Zhao XY, Ghumman H, Kester M, Fox TE, Ewald SE. Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, sphingolipid, and phosphatidylcholine metabolism are dysregulated in T. gondii infection-induced cachexia. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17411. [PMID: 37456044 PMCID: PMC10344712 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a life-threatening disease characterized by chronic, inflammatory muscle wasting and systemic metabolic impairment. Despite its high prevalence, there are no efficacious therapies for cachexia. Mice chronically infected with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii represent a novel animal model recapitulating the chronic kinetics of cachexia. To understand how perturbations to metabolic tissue homeostasis influence circulating metabolite availability we used mass spectrometry analysis. Despite the significant reduction in circulating triacylglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids, and glycerol, sphingolipid long-chain bases and a subset of phosphatidylcholines (PCs) were significantly increased in the sera of mice with T. gondii infection-induced cachexia. In addition, the TCA cycle intermediates α-ketoglutarate, 2-hydroxyglutarate, succinate, fumarate, and malate were highly depleted in cachectic mouse sera. Sphingolipids and their de novo synthesis precursors PCs are the major components of the mitochondrial membrane and regulate mitochondrial function consistent with a causal relationship in the energy imbalance driving T. gondii-induced chronic cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yu Feng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology and The Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Stephanie J. Melchor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology and The Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology and The Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Haider Ghumman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology and The Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Mark Kester
- Department of Pharmacology at the University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Todd E. Fox
- Department of Pharmacology at the University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Sarah E. Ewald
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology and The Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
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Bisht MK, Dahiya P, Ghosh S, Mukhopadhyay S. The cause-effect relation of tuberculosis on incidence of diabetes mellitus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1134036. [PMID: 37434784 PMCID: PMC10330781 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1134036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the oldest human diseases and is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity across the Globe. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causal agent of TB is one of the most successful pathogens known to mankind. Malnutrition, smoking, co-infection with other pathogens like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or conditions like diabetes further aggravate the tuberculosis pathogenesis. The association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and tuberculosis is well known and the immune-metabolic changes during diabetes are known to cause increased susceptibility to tuberculosis. Many epidemiological studies suggest the occurrence of hyperglycemia during active TB leading to impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects is not well understood. In this review, we have described possible causal factors like inflammation, host metabolic changes triggered by tuberculosis that could contribute to the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. We have also discussed therapeutic management of type 2 diabetes during TB, which may help in designing future strategies to cope with TB-DM cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Bisht
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Priyanka Dahiya
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Sudip Ghosh
- Molecular Biology Unit, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania PO, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sangita Mukhopadhyay
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad, India
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Wang N, Liang Y, Ma Q, Mi J, Xue Y, Yang Y, Wang L, Wu X. Mechanisms of ag85a/b DNA vaccine conferred immunotherapy and recovery from Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced injury. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e854. [PMID: 37249284 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous research developed a novel tuberculosis (TB) DNA vaccine ag85a/b that showed a significant therapeutic effect on the mouse tuberculosis model by intramuscular injection (IM) and electroporation (EP). However, the action mechanisms between these two vaccine immunization methods remain unclear. In a previous study, 96 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) H37 Rv-infected BALB/c mice were treated with phosphate-buffered saline, 10, 50, 100, and 200 μg ag85a/b DNA vaccine delivered by IM and EP three times at 2-week intervals, respectively. In this study, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from three mice in each group were isolated to extract total RNA. The gene expression profiles were analyzed using gene microarray technology to obtain differentially expressed (DE) genes. Finally, DE genes were validated by real-time reverse transcription-quantitive polymerase chain reaction and the GEO database. After MTB infection, most of the upregulated DE genes were related to the digestion and absorption of nutrients or neuroendocrine (such as Iapp, Scg2, Chga, Amy2a5), and most of the downregulated DE genes were related to cellular structural and functional proteins, especially the structure and function proteins of the alveolar epithelial cell (such as Sftpc, Sftpd, Pdpn). Most of the abnormally upregulated or downregulated DE genes in the TB model group were recovered in the 100 and 200 μg ag85a/b DNA IM groups and four DNA EP groups. The pancreatic secretion pathway downregulated and the Rap1 signal pathway upregulated had particularly significant changes during the immunotherapy of the ag85a/b DNA vaccine on the mouse TB model. The action targets and mechanisms of IM and EP are highly consistent. Tuberculosis infection causes rapid catabolism and slow anabolism in mice. For the first time, we found that the effective dose of the ag85a/b DNA vaccine immunized whether by IM or EP could significantly up-regulate immune-related pathways and recover the metabolic disorder and the injury caused by MTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Ma
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Mi
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Xue
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yourong Yang
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xueqiong Wu
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Lim DM, Lee H, Eom K, Kim YH, Kim S. Bioinformatic analysis of the obesity paradox and possible associated factors in colorectal cancer using TCGA cohorts. J Cancer 2023; 14:322-335. [PMID: 36860923 PMCID: PMC9969588 DOI: 10.7150/jca.80977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Obesity is an important determinant of CRC incidence; however, obese patients have also shown better long-term survival than non-obese patients, suggesting that the development and progression of CRC are associated with different mechanisms. This study compares the expression of genes, tumor-infiltrating immune cells, and intestinal microbiota between high- and low-body mass index (BMI) patients at the time of CRC diagnosis. The results revealed that high-BMI patients with CRC have better prognosis, higher levels of resting CD4+ T cells, lower levels of T follicular helper cells, and different levels of intratumoral microbiota than low-BMI patients. Our study highlights that tumor-infiltrating immune cells and intratumoral microbe diversity are major features of the obesity paradox in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Min Lim
- Interdisciplinary Program of Genomic Data Science, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Hyunsu Lee
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Kisang Eom
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hak Kim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.,✉ Corresponding authors: Shin Kim, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea. TEL: +82-53-258-7359; Fax: +82-53-258-7355; E-mail: ; Yun Hak Kim, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea. TEL: +82-51-510-8091; Fax: +82-51-510-8049; E-mail:
| | - Shin Kim
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Medical Science, Keimyung University, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea.,Institute for Cancer Research, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea.,✉ Corresponding authors: Shin Kim, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea. TEL: +82-53-258-7359; Fax: +82-53-258-7355; E-mail: ; Yun Hak Kim, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea. TEL: +82-51-510-8091; Fax: +82-51-510-8049; E-mail:
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Mayito J, Martineau AR, Tiwari D, Nakiyingi L, Kateete DP, Reece ST, Biraro IA. Determinants of QuantiFERON Plus-diagnosed tuberculosis infection in adult Ugandan TB contacts: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281559. [PMID: 36972254 PMCID: PMC10042355 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tuberculin skin test is commonly used to diagnose latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in resource-limited settings, but its specificity is limited by factors including cross-reactivity with BCG vaccine and environmental mycobacteria. Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRA) overcome this problem by detecting M. tuberculosis complex-specific responses, but studies to determine risk factors for IGRA-positivity in high TB burden settings are lacking. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine factors associated with a positive IGRA by employing the QuantiFERON-TB® Gold-plus (QFT Plus) assay in a cohort of asymptomatic adult TB contacts in Kampala, Uganda. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with forward stepwise logit function was employed to identify independent correlates of QFT Plus-positivity. RESULTS Of the 202 participants enrolled, 129/202 (64%) were female, 173/202 (86%) had a BCG scar, and 67/202 (33%) were HIV-infected. Overall, 105/192 (54%, 95% CI 0.48-0.62) participants had a positive QFT Plus result. Increased risk of QFT-Plus positivity was independently associated with casual employment/unemployment vs. non-casual employment (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.18, 95% CI 1.01-4.72), a family vs. non-family relation to the index patient (aOR 2.87, 95% CI 1.33-6.18), living in the same vs. a different house as the index (aOR 3.05, 95% CI 1.28-7.29), a higher body mass index (BMI) (aOR per additional kg/m2 1.09, 95% CI 1.00-1.18) and tobacco smoking vs. not (aOR 2.94, 95% CI 1.00-8.60). HIV infection was not associated with QFT-Plus positivity (aOR 0.91, 95% CI 0.42-1.96). CONCLUSION Interferon Gamma Release Assay positivity in this study population was lower than previously estimated. Tobacco smoking and BMI were determinants of IGRA positivity that were previously unappreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Mayito
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Adrian R Martineau
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Divya Tiwari
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lydia Nakiyingi
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - David P Kateete
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Stephen T Reece
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Andia Biraro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
- MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
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Liu QX, Tang DY, Xiang X, He JQ. Associations between nutritional and immune status and clinicopathologic factors in patients with tuberculosis: A comprehensive analysis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1013751. [PMID: 36506012 PMCID: PMC9731357 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1013751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was designed to assess and analyze nutritional status (NS) and immune status in patients with tuberculosis. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 93 TB patients hospitalized in the tuberculosis ward of the West China Hospital of Sichuan University. Subgroup comparisons were made according to age (<65 years and ≥65 years), nutritional risk score 2002 (NRS 2002 <3 and ≥3), tuberculosis location [pulmonary tuberculosis and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (including pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with extrapulmonary tuberculosis)], and prognostic nutrition index (PNI) (<45 vs ≥45). Results Significantly increased weight loss was associated with extrapulmonary tuberculosis (P =0.0010). Serum albumin (P =0.0214), total lymphocyte count (P = 0.0009) and PNI (P = 0.0033) were significantly decreased in older patients. Neutrophils/lymphocytes (NLR) (P =0.0002), monocytes/lymphocytes (MLR) (P < 0.0001), and platelets/lymphocytes (PLR) (P =0.0107) were higher. According to NRS 2002, higher nutritional risk was associated with lower body weight and body mass index (BMI) (P < 0.0001), higher weight loss (P = 0.0012), longer duration of hospitalization (P =0.0100), lower serum albumin level and hemoglobin concentration (P <0.01), lower creatinine level, and lower PNI (P < 0.01). 0.0001), lower total lymphocyte count (P = 0.0004), higher neutrophil and monocyte counts (P <0.05), and higher NLR (P = 0.0002), MLR (P = 0.0006), and PLR (P = 0.0156). Lower PNI was associated with lower body weight (P = 0.0001) and BMI (P =0.0074), lower total protein, albumin, and hemoglobin concentrations (P < 0.0001), and lower total lymphocyte count (P < 0.0001) and creatinine levels (P = 0.0336), higher age (P =0.0002) and NRS 2002 score, P < 0.0001), longer hos-pital stay (P = 0.0003), higher neutrophil count (P = 0.0042), and NLR, MLR, and PLR (P <0.0001) were significantly correlated. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, weight loss (OR: 0.209, 95% CI: 0.060-0.722; p =0.013) was significantly associated with higher nutritional risk (NRS 2002≥3). In multiple linear regression analysis, the NRS 2002 score was higher (B=2.018; p =0.023), and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (B=-6.205; p =0.007) was linked with a longer duration of hos-pitalization. Conclusions Older tuberculosis patients are at nutritional risk, and older patients (≥65 years old) need to pay attention to nutritional monitoring and intervention. Older TB patients and those at risk of malnutrition have increased immune ratio and impaired immune function. Management of TB patients using basic diagnostic tools to assess nutritional and immune status and calculate PNI and immunological indexes (NLR, MLR, PLR) to improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan-Xian Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Tuberculosis, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Dao-Yan Tang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Xiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian-Qing He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Tengku Khalid TNF, Wan Mohammad WMZ, Ab Samat R, Nik Husain NR. Predictors of tuberculosis disease in smokers: a case-control study in northeastern Malaysia. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13984. [PMID: 36093335 PMCID: PMC9462367 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading infectious disease. However, many TB cases remain undetected and only present symptoms at a late stage of the infection. Therefore, targeted TB screening in high-risk populations, including smokers, is crucial. This study aimed to determine the predictors of TB disease among the smoker population in northeast Malaysia from 2019 to 2020. Methods A case-control study was conducted involving smokers aged 18 years and older from health clinics in Bachok Kelantan, Malaysia. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews or telephone calls from 159 participants, randomly selected from outpatient TB records. Simple and multiple logistic regression, using R software, were used to identify the determinants of TB. Results Most participants were male (59.1%) and had a secondary education (56.0%). Active smokers constituted 35.2% of the group, and the mean (SD) duration of exposure to smoking was 23.9 (16.47) and 18.4 (12.84) years for the case and control groups, respectively. Being an ex-smoker (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 6.17; 95% CI [1.55-28.32]; p = 0.013), weight loss (AOR 13.45; 95% CI [4.58-44.46]; p < 0.005), night sweats (AOR 63.84; 95% CI [8.99-1392.75]; p < 0.005) and duration of symptoms (AOR 1.02; 95% CI [1.01-1.04]; p = 0.022) were shown to be significant predictors for TB disease. Conclusion Four predictors of TB disease in the population of smokers were recognised in this study and should be prioritised for early TB screening and diagnosis. This may help increase TB detection, initiate prompt treatment and reduce complications among the group at risk for TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengku Noor Farhana Tengku Khalid
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Wan Mohd Zahiruddin Wan Mohammad
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Razan Ab Samat
- Bachok District Health Office, Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nik Rosmawati Nik Husain
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Development and Validation of the Tuberculosis Risk Score for Smokers (TBRSS). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19126959. [PMID: 35742208 PMCID: PMC9223179 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19126959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health issue worldwide. However, the effectiveness of TB screening programmes among smokers is still questionable. There is a need for a simple, reliable, and validated screening system for this risk population. This study aimed to develop and validate the tuberculosis risk score for smokers (TBRSS) in Kelantan, Malaysia. A case–control study was conducted on 159 patients (smokers with and without TB) between January and July 2020. Simple and multiple logistic regressions were applied to determine the variables to be included in the risk score. The cut-off points to determine a score indicating low or high risk for TB disease were obtained based on the receiver operating characteristics curve. Content validation was carried out through interviews with eight experts to measure each variable′s relevancy. The face validation was conducted among 20 health clinic staff. Seven variables were selected for inclusion in the risk score. The chosen cut-off point was 16 (out of 43), with 91% and 78% sensitivity and specificity, respectively. The scale-level content validity index was 0.83, while the face validity index scores for each element ranged between 0.85 and 1.00. The TBRSS can be considered a validated screening tool for use in screening TB disease risk among smokers, which potentially may lead to an increased detection of TB disease in the community.
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Webber T, Ronacher K, Conradie-Smit M, Kleynhans L. Interplay Between the Immune and Endocrine Systems in the Lung: Implications for TB Susceptibility. Front Immunol 2022; 13:829355. [PMID: 35273609 PMCID: PMC8901994 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.829355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the endocrine system on the immune response, especially in the lung, remains poorly understood. Hormones play a crucial role in the development, homeostasis, metabolism, and response to the environment of cells and tissues. Major infectious and metabolic diseases, such as tuberculosis and diabetes, continue to converge, necessitating the development of a clearer understanding of the immune and endocrine interactions that occur in the lung. Research in bacterial respiratory infections is at a critical point, where the limitations in identifying and developing antibiotics is becoming more profound. Hormone receptors on alveolar and immune cells may provide a plethora of targets for host-directed therapy. This review discusses the interactions between the immune and endocrine systems in the lung. We describe hormone receptors currently identified in the lungs, focusing on the effect hormones have on the pulmonary immune response. Altered endocrine responses in the lung affect the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory immune responses and play a role in the response to infection in the lung. While some hormones, such as leptin, resistin and lipocalin-2 promote pro-inflammatory responses and immune cell infiltration, others including adiponectin and ghrelin reduce inflammation and promote anti-inflammatory cell responses. Furthermore, type 2 diabetes as a major endocrine disease presents with altered immune responses leading to susceptibility to lung infections, such as tuberculosis. A better understanding of these interactions will expand our knowledge of the mechanisms at play in susceptibility to infectious diseases and may reveal opportunities for the development of host-directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Webber
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Katharina Ronacher
- Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Marli Conradie-Smit
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Léanie Kleynhans
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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Vishinkin R, Busool R, Mansour E, Fish F, Esmail A, Kumar P, Gharaa A, Cancilla JC, Torrecilla JS, Skenders G, Leja M, Dheda K, Singh S, Haick H. Profiles of Volatile Biomarkers Detect Tuberculosis from Skin. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100235. [PMID: 34075714 PMCID: PMC8336503 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that threatens >10 million people annually. Despite advances in TB diagnostics, patients continue to receive an insufficient diagnosis as TB symptoms are not specific. Many existing biodiagnostic tests are slow, have low clinical performance, and can be unsuitable for resource-limited settings. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), a rapid, sputum-free, and cost-effective triage test for real-time detection of TB is urgently needed. This article reports on a new diagnostic pathway enabling a noninvasive, fast, and highly accurate way of detecting TB. The approach relies on TB-specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are detected and quantified from the skin headspace. A specifically designed nanomaterial-based sensors array translates these findings into a point-of-care diagnosis by discriminating between active pulmonary TB patients and controls with sensitivity above 90%. This fulfills the WHO's triage test requirements and poses the potential to become a TB triage test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotem Vishinkin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology InstituteTechnion‐Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa3200003Israel
| | - Rami Busool
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology InstituteTechnion‐Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa3200003Israel
| | - Elias Mansour
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology InstituteTechnion‐Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa3200003Israel
| | - Falk Fish
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology InstituteTechnion‐Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa3200003Israel
| | - Ali Esmail
- Centre for Lung Infection and ImmunityDivision of PulmonologyDepartment of Medicine and UCT Lung Institute & South African MRC/UCT Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial ResistanceUniversity of Cape TownCape Town 7925South Africa
| | - Parveen Kumar
- All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi110029India
| | - Alaa Gharaa
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology InstituteTechnion‐Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa3200003Israel
| | | | - Jose S. Torrecilla
- Department of Chemical and Materials EngineeringComplutense University of MadridMadrid28040Spain
| | - Girts Skenders
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive MedicineUniversity of Latvia and Riga east University HospitalRigaLV1079Latvia
| | - Marcis Leja
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive MedicineUniversity of Latvia and Riga east University HospitalRigaLV1079Latvia
| | - Keertan Dheda
- Centre for Lung Infection and ImmunityDivision of PulmonologyDepartment of Medicine and UCT Lung Institute & South African MRC/UCT Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial ResistanceUniversity of Cape TownCape Town 7925South Africa
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical DiseasesDepartment of Infection BiologyLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonWC1E 7HTUK
| | - Sarman Singh
- All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi110029India
| | - Hossam Haick
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology InstituteTechnion‐Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa3200003Israel
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12
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Wessels J, Nel M, Walsh CM. A nutritional profile of patients with tuberculosis at Standerton Tuberculosis Specialised Hospital, Mpumalanga, South Africa. Health SA 2021; 26:1594. [PMID: 34394968 PMCID: PMC8335758 DOI: 10.4102/hsag.v26i0.1594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) is strongly influenced by nutritional status, with nutrition interventions being likely to have an impact on the prevalence of disease, response to drugs and quality of life. Aim The aim of this research study was to determine the nutritional profile of patients with TB and TB and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection. Setting The study was conducted at Standerton TB Specialised Hospital, Mpumalanga. Methods A cross-sectional study was undertaken. A structured interview was conducted by the researcher with each patient. The Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) was used to determine the risk of malnutrition. Weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and triceps skinfold were measured using standard techniques. Biochemical parameters that were part of the routine hospital procedure were noted. Results More than two-thirds of the participants (68%) were found to be HIV positive. Food-related side effects included loss of appetite (59%) and dry mouth (48%). According to the MUST, 70% had a high risk of malnutrition. The median body mass index (BMI) was in the underweight category at 18.3 kg/m². About half of the participants had low MUAC measurements (51%) and triceps skinfold measurements below the 15th percentile (49.9%), indicating malnutrition. Most participants had low albumin and haemoglobin levels (79% and 92%, respectively). Conclusions Patients with both TB and TB and HIV co-infection had a compromised nutritional status and an increased risk for developing malnutrition. Interventions aimed at addressing malnutrition could make a meaningful contribution to improving the quality of life in these patients. Contribution This research provides evidence on the nutritional profile of patients with tuberculosis at Standerton TB Specialised Hospital, it gives opportunity to extend this research project to confirm these findings in other TB burdened areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janke Wessels
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Mariette Nel
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Corinna M Walsh
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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13
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Muse AI, Osman MO, Ibrahim AM, Wedajo GT, Daud FI, Abate KH. Undernutrition and Associated Factors Among Adult Tuberculosis Patients in Jigjiga Public Health Facilities, Somali Region, East, Ethiopia. Res Rep Trop Med 2021; 12:123-133. [PMID: 34168515 PMCID: PMC8216752 DOI: 10.2147/rrtm.s311476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis and undernutrition are the public health concerns of people living in middle and low-income countries. When patient develops TB, undernutrition is not only a risk factor for progression of latent TB infection to active disease, but also intensifies the risk of drug toxicity, relapse and death. Nutritional supplementation in patients with TB is associated with faster sputum conversion, higher cure and treatment completion rates, and body-weight gain. Objective To find out the magnitude of undernutrition and associated factors among adult tuberculosis patients in jigjiga public health facilities. Methods and Materials A facility-based cross-sectional study design was applied. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire while anthropometric measurements were collected in their scale measurements. The data were entered into an Epi-data version 3.1, then were exported and analyzed using SPSS v20. Bivariate logistic regression was done to assess the association between the outcome variable and the independent variables, value <0.25 was considered as a candidate for multivariate logistic regression at 95% CI. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, the level of statistical significance was declared at a p-value less than 0.05. Results The magnitude of undernutrition was 44.3% [95% CI (38.2, 49.7)]. Sex (female) [AOR=1.769, CI=1.035, 3.024], educational status [AOR=3.939, CI=2.285, 6.792] and being Bedridden [AOR=3.718, CI=1.115, 12.394) were predictors of Undernutrition among adult tuberculosis patients. Conclusion The magnitude of undernutrition among adult patients with TB was high in the area. Overall routine appropriate nutrition assessment and support should be given to undernourished patients with TB. The level of education about nutrition should be improved by counseling on a balanced diet to all patients with TB and particularly for female patients. Appropriate nutrition support should be provided to undernourished TB patients, and more focused on those who are bedridden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdilahi Ibrahim Muse
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Jigjiga University, Jigjiga, Ethiopia
| | - Mohamed Omar Osman
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Jigjiga University, Jigjiga, Ethiopia
| | - Ahmed Mohammed Ibrahim
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Jigjiga University, Jigjiga, Ethiopia
| | - Girma Tadesse Wedajo
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Jigjiga University, Jigjiga, Ethiopia
| | - Fuad Ismail Daud
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Jigjiga University, Jigjiga, Ethiopia
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14
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Factors affecting outcome of longer regimen multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment in West Java Indonesia: A retrospective cohort study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246284. [PMID: 33556094 PMCID: PMC7870080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis had high treatment failure and mortality. Success rate of treatment currently 56% at global level, 48% in Indonesia and 36% in West Java province, the most populated province and surround Jakarta, the capitol of Indonesia. Objective This study aimed to evaluate factors affecting success of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment in patients using longer treatment regimen in West Java Indonesia. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients treated with longer regimen at Hasan Sadikin General Hospital from January 2015 to December 2017. Potential risk factors associated with the treatment outcome were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. Results A total of 492 patients were enrolled during the study period. Fifty percents multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients had successful treatment outcome. Age ≤45 years, male, normal body mass index, no previous tuberculosis treatment, culture conversion ≤2 months, acid fast bacilli sputum smear ≤+1 were independent factors associated with increased treatment success. Sputum culture conversion ≤2 months was the major factor affecting successful outcome (RR 2.79; 95% CI: 1.61–4.84; p-value<0.001). Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection, chronic kidney disease, and cavitary lesion were independent risk factors for unfavourable outcome. Conclusion Age, gender, body mass index, tuberculosis treatment history, time of sputum conversion, acid fast bacilli sputum smear, HIV infection, chronic kidney disease, and cavitary lesion can be used as predictors for longer multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment regimen outcome.
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15
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Soh AZ, Tan CTY, Mok E, Chee CBE, Yuan JM, Larbi A, Koh WP. Adipokines and the risk of active TB: a nested case-control study. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2021; 25:31-35. [PMID: 33384042 PMCID: PMC10442846 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.20.0300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Adipokines are emerging mediators of immune response, and may affect susceptibility to active TB.OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations between adipokines and the risk of active TB.METHODS: In a case-control study nested within a prospective cohort of middle-aged and older adults in Singapore, 280 incident active TB cases who donated blood for research before diagnosis were matched with 280 controls. Serum levels of adiponectin, resistin, leptin and ghrelin were measured. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to compute the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between adipokines and the risk of active TB.RESULTS: Higher levels of leptin and resistin were associated with reduced risk of TB in a dose-dependent manner. Compared to those in the lowest quartile of leptin levels, those in the highest quartile had an OR of 0.46 (95%CI 0.26-0.82; P for trend = 0.009). Similarly, compared to those in the lowest quartile of resistin levels, those in the highest quartile had an OR of 0.46 (95%CI 0.24-0.90; P for trend = 0.03). Adiponectin and ghrelin levels were not associated with TB risk.CONCLUSION: Increased serum levels of leptin and resistin may be associated with reduced susceptibility to active TB infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Z Soh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - C T Y Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - E Mok
- Immunomonitoring Platform, Singapore Immunology Network, ASTAR, Singapore
| | - C B E Chee
- Singapore Tuberculosis Control Unit, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - J-M Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - A Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - W-P Koh
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
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16
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Masi T, Patel BM. Altered glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in cancer-induced cachexia: a sweet poison. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 73:17-30. [PMID: 33141425 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00179-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a wasting disorder characterised by specific skeletal muscle and adipose tissue loss. Cancer cachexia is also driven by inflammation, altered metabolic changes such as increased energy expenditure, elevated plasma glucose, insulin resistance and excess catabolism. In cachexia, host-tumor interaction causes release of the lactate and inflammatory cytokines. Lactate released by tumor cells takes part in hepatic glucose production with the help of gluconeogenic enzymes. Thus, Cori cycle between organs and cancerous cells contributes to increased glucose production and energy expenditure. A high amount of blood glucose leads to increased production of insulin. Overproduction of insulin causes inactivation of PI3K/Akt/m-TOR pathway and finally results in insulin resistance. Insulin is involved in maintaining the vitality of organs and regulate the metabolism of glucose, protein and lipids. Insulin insensitivity decreases the uptake of glucose in the organs and results in loss of skeletal muscles and adipose tissues. However, looking into the complexity of this metabolic syndrome, it is impossible to rely on a single variable to treat patients having cancer cachexia. Hence, it becomes greater a challenge to produce a clinically effective treatment for this metabolic syndrome. Thus, the present paper aims to provide an understanding of pathogenesis and mechanism underlining the altered glucose metabolism and insulin resistance and its contribution to the progression of skeletal muscle wasting and lipolysis, providing future direction of research to develop new pharmacological treatment in cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamhida Masi
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382 481, India
| | - Bhoomika M Patel
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382 481, India.
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17
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The Echo of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Mechanisms of Clinical Symptoms and Other Disease-Induced Systemic Complications. Clin Microbiol Rev 2020; 33:33/4/e00036-20. [PMID: 32611585 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00036-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical symptoms of active tuberculosis (TB) can range from a simple cough to more severe reactions, such as irreversible lung damage and, eventually, death, depending on disease progression. In addition to its clinical presentation, TB has been associated with several other disease-induced systemic complications, such as hyponatremia and glucose intolerance. Here, we provide an overview of the known, although ill-described, underlying biochemical mechanisms responsible for the clinical and systemic presentations associated with this disease and discuss novel hypotheses recently generated by various omics technologies. This summative update can assist clinicians to improve the tentative diagnosis of TB based on a patient's clinical presentation and aid in the development of improved treatment protocols specifically aimed at restoring the disease-induced imbalance for overall homeostasis while simultaneously eradicating the pathogen. Furthermore, future applications of this knowledge could be applied to personalized diagnostic and therapeutic options, bettering the treatment outcome and quality of life of TB patients.
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18
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Lin Q, Johns RA. Resistin family proteins in pulmonary diseases. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L422-L434. [PMID: 32692581 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00040.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The family of resistin-like molecules (RELMs) consists of four members in rodents (RELMα/FIZZ1/HIMF, RELMβ/FIZZ2, Resistin/FIZZ3, and RELMγ/FIZZ4) and two members in humans (Resistin and RELMβ), all of which exhibit inflammation-regulating, chemokine, and growth factor properties. The importance of these cytokines in many aspects of physiology and pathophysiology, especially in cardiothoracic diseases, is rapidly evolving in the literature. In this review article, we attempt to summarize the contribution of RELM signaling to the initiation and progression of lung diseases, such as pulmonary hypertension, asthma/allergic airway inflammation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, fibrosis, cancers, infection, and other acute lung injuries. The potential of RELMs to be used as biomarkers or risk predictors of these diseases also will be discussed. Better understanding of RELM signaling in the pathogenesis of pulmonary diseases may offer novel targets or approaches for the development of therapeutics to treat or prevent a variety of inflammation, tissue remodeling, and fibrosis-related disorders in respiratory, cardiovascular, and other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Roger A Johns
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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19
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Peixoto da Silva S, Santos JMO, Costa E Silva MP, Gil da Costa RM, Medeiros R. Cancer cachexia and its pathophysiology: links with sarcopenia, anorexia and asthenia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:619-635. [PMID: 32142217 PMCID: PMC7296264 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, along with adipose tissue wasting, systemic inflammation and other metabolic abnormalities leading to functional impairment. Cancer cachexia has long been recognized as a direct cause of complications in cancer patients, reducing quality of life and worsening disease outcomes. Some related conditions, like sarcopenia (age-related muscle wasting), anorexia (appetite loss) and asthenia (reduced muscular strength and fatigue), share some key features with cancer cachexia, such as weakness and systemic inflammation. Understanding the interplay and the differences between these conditions is critical to advance basic and translational research in this field, improving the accuracy of diagnosis and contributing to finally achieve effective therapies for affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Peixoto da Silva
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana M O Santos
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Paula Costa E Silva
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Palliative Care Service, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui M Gil da Costa
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Postgraduate Programme in Adult Health (PPGSAD) and Tumour Biobank, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, Brazil
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Virology Service, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Biomedical Research Center (CEBIMED), Faculty of Health Sciences of the Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal.,Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer - Regional Nucleus of the North (Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro - Núcleo Regional do Norte), Porto, Portugal
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20
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Somogyi E, Sigalet D, Adrian TE, Nyakas C, Hoornenborg CW, van Beek AP, Koopmans HS, van Dijk G. Ileal Transposition in Rats Reduces Energy Intake, Body Weight, and Body Fat Most Efficaciously When Ingesting a High-Protein Diet. Obes Surg 2020; 30:2729-2742. [PMID: 32342267 PMCID: PMC7260147 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-04565-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Ileal transposition (IT) allows exploration of hindgut effects of bariatric procedures in inducing weight loss and reducing adiposity. Here we investigated the role of dietary macronutrient content on IT effects in rats. Methods Male Lewis rats consuming one of three isocaloric liquid diets enriched with fat (HF), carbohydrates (HC), or protein (HP) underwent IT or sham surgery. Body weight, energy intake, energy efficiency, body composition, and (meal-induced) changes in plasma GIP, GLP-1, PYY, neurotensin, and insulin levels were measured. Results Following IT, HC intake remained highest leading to smallest weight loss among dietary groups. IT in HF rats caused high initial weight loss and profound hypophagia, but the rats caught up later, and finally had the highest body fat content among IT rats. HP diet most efficaciously supported IT-induced reduction in body weight and adiposity, but (as opposed to other diet groups) lean mass was also reduced. Energy efficiency decreased immediately after IT irrespective of diet, but normalized later. Energy intake alone explained variation in post-operative weight change by 80%. GLP-1, neurotensin, and PYY were upregulated by IT, particularly during (0–60 min) and following 17-h post-ingestive intake, with marginal diet effects. Thirty-day post-operative cumulative energy intake was negatively correlated to 17-h post-ingestive PYY levels, explaining 47% of its variation. Conclusion Reduction in energy intake underlies IT-induced weight loss, with highest efficacy of the HP diet. PYY, GLP-1, and neurotensin levels are upregulated by IT, of which PYY may be most specifically related to reduced intake and weight loss after IT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edit Somogyi
- School of PhD Studies, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - David Sigalet
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Thomas E Adrian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
| | - Csaba Nyakas
- School of PhD Studies, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Christiaan W Hoornenborg
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - André P van Beek
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Henry S Koopmans
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Gertjan van Dijk
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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21
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Segura-Cerda CA, López-Romero W, Flores-Valdez MA. Changes in Host Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection Associated With Type 2 Diabetes: Beyond Hyperglycemia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:342. [PMID: 31637222 PMCID: PMC6787561 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains as the first cause of death among infectious diseases worldwide. Global incidence of tuberculosis is in part coincident with incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Incidence of T2D is recognized as a high-risk factor that may contribute to tuberculosis dissemination. However, mechanisms which favor infection under T2D are just starting to emerge. Here, we first discuss the evidences that are available to support a metabolic connection between TB and T2D. Then, we analyze the evidences of metabolic changes which occur during T2D gathered thus far for its influence on susceptibility to M. tuberculosis infection and TB progression, such as hyperglycemia, increase of 1AC levels, increase of triglycerides levels, reduction of HDL-cholesterol levels, increased concentration of lipoproteins, and modification of the activity of some hormones related to the control of metabolic homeostasis. Finally, we recognize possible advantages of metabolic management of immunity to develop new strategies for treatment, diagnosis, and prevention of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Alfredo Segura-Cerda
- Doctorado en Farmacología, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico.,Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Wendy López-Romero
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Mario Alberto Flores-Valdez
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico
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22
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Moideen K, Kumar NP, Nair D, Banurekha VV, Babu S. Altered Systemic Adipokine Levels in Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Changes following Treatment. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2019; 99:875-880. [PMID: 30182920 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is associated with modulation of levels of adipokines, specifically adiponectin and leptin, but the effect of standard antituberculosis treatment (ATT) on the systemic levels of adiponectin, resistin, and leptin has not been well explored. To identify the association of adipokines with PTB and their relationship with disease severity and bacterial burden, we measured the levels of adiponectin, resistin, and leptin in PTB individuals and compared them with latent tuberculosis (LTB) and healthy control (HC) individuals. Pulmonary tuberculosis was characterized by diminished circulating levels of adiponectin and leptin and heightened circulating levels of resistin in comparison to that in LTB and HC individuals. However, PTB with bilateral or cavitary disease did not exhibit any increased systemic levels of these adipokines in comparison with those with unilateral or non-cavitary disease, respectively. In addition, none of the adipokines exhibited a positive correlation with bacterial burdens, but adiponectin alone exhibited a negative correlation with body mass index in PTB individuals. Finally, on successful completion of ATT, PTB individuals exhibited significantly increased levels of adiponectin and leptin and significantly decreased levels of resistin. Therefore, our data identify an important association of systemic adipokine levels with PTB disease and its alteration following ATT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadar Moideen
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India.,National Institutes of Health-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | - Nathella Pavan Kumar
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India.,National Institutes of Health-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | - Dina Nair
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | | | - Subash Babu
- National Institutes of Health-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India.,Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Liu Y, Zhang S, Ye F, Yin J, Li S, Chen JDZ. Ameliorating effects and mechanisms of chronic electroacupuncture at ST36 in a rodent model of dyspepsia induced by cisplatin. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 31:e13474. [PMID: 30246392 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy-associated dyspepsia syndrome (CADS) is among the most intensive side effects and critical concerns for patients with cancer. To investigate the effects and mechanisms of chronic electroacupuncture (EA) at ST36 on chemotherapy-associated dyspeptic symptoms (CADS) in rats. METHODS Cisplatin (8 mg/kg, ip) was given once to establish CADS model. EA or sham-EA treatment was then performed one hour daily for 21 days. KEY RESULTS (a) EA treatment decreased kaolin intake within 24 hours (1.67 ± 0.23 g vs 2.36 ± 0.37 g in sham-EA, P < 0.05); EA increased food intake (9.43 ± 2.28 vs 4.32 ± 1.26 in sham-EA, P < 0.05) and cisplatin-induced reduction of body weight (426.38 ± 13.25 vs 407.92 ± 13.26 in sham-EA, P = 0.05). (b) The incidence of normal behavioral satiety sequence (53%) in EA group was greater than that in sham-EA (32%) group (X2 = 17.68, P < 0.01). (c) EA increased the percentage of normal gastric slow waves (82.6 ± 5.98 vs 22.8 ± 1.90 in sham-EA, P < 0.05). (d) EA normalized cisplatin delayed gastric emptying (71.3% ± 6.8% vs 44.6% ± 11.2% in control, P < 0.05). (e) EA decreased ratio of heart rate variability (0.30 ± 0.03 vs 0.56 ± 0.05 in sham-EA, P < 0.05). (f) EA decreased fasting ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide YY (P < 0.01 vs sham-EA for all). CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES Chronic EA ameliorates dyspepsia symptom and improves gastric dysmotility induced by Cisplatin, mediated via the vagal and gastrointestinal hormonal mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Veterans Research and Education Foundation, VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shannxi, China.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Center for Neurogastroenterology, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sunjuan Zhang
- Veterans Research and Education Foundation, VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Center for Neurogastroenterology, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin No. 254 Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Ye
- Veterans Research and Education Foundation, VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shannxi, China.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Center for Neurogastroenterology, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jieyun Yin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Center for Neurogastroenterology, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shiying Li
- Veterans Research and Education Foundation, VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Center for Neurogastroenterology, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jiande D Z Chen
- Veterans Research and Education Foundation, VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Center for Neurogastroenterology, Baltimore, Maryland
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24
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Khan S, Shahzadi A. Clinical pharmacokinetics of drugs in cardiopulmonary associated cachexia without hepatorenal pathology: a systematic review. Drug Metab Rev 2018; 51:1-11. [PMID: 30449195 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2018.1508226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cachexia not only has a dramatically harmful impact on a patient's life, but also a poor response to therapeutic agents. The purpose of the present review is to provide updated information concerning the pharmacokinetic aspects of drugs used to treat cardiopulmonary cachexia in patients with no signs of hepatic or renal pathology. A systematic search of PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Control Trials, Science Direct, and Clinical Trials Registry (ClinicalTrials.gov), encompassing the period between 2000 and 2017, was conducted in accordance to PRISMA guidelines. Seven studies were identified. Collectively, these studies included a total of 196 individuals (19 healthy subjects and 177 diseased patients). This data review found no differences in bisoprolol and prothionamide absorption in cachectic patients with chronic heart failure and tuberculosis, but higher absorption of oflaxocin in the same set of patients was observed. The distribution of bisoprolol, prothionmaide, ceftazidime, and cefipirome was reduced in cardiopulmonary cachexia patients. Hepatic clearance of rifampin was equivalent in cachectic and non-cachectic patients that had normal hepatic function. Similarly in cardiopulmonary cachexia patients, renal clearance of ceftazidime was reduced by 19% but no significant differences in bisorpolol and prothionamide clearance were observed. In the case of cefipirome, both renal clearance and creatinine clearance were higher in cachectic patients with cystic fibrosis. From the limited evidence available, the main drug pharmacokinetic changes seen in cardiopulmonary cachexia patients were a reduction in the volume of distribution and impairment of clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safeer Khan
- a Al-Taaluf National Group of Polyclinics , Alqunfdha , Makkah , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Anum Shahzadi
- b Department of Pharmacy , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT) , Khyber Pakhtun Khwa , Abbottabad , Pakistan
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25
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Paris L, Magni R, Zaidi F, Araujo R, Saini N, Harpole M, Coronel J, Kirwan DE, Steinberg H, Gilman RH, Petricoin EF, Nisini R, Luchini A, Liotta L. Urine lipoarabinomannan glycan in HIV-negative patients with pulmonary tuberculosis correlates with disease severity. Sci Transl Med 2018; 9:9/420/eaal2807. [PMID: 29237757 PMCID: PMC6037412 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aal2807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
An accurate urine test for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), affecting 9.6 million patients worldwide, is critically needed for surveillance and treatment management. Past attempts failed to reliably detect the mycobacterial glycan antigen lipoarabinomannan (LAM), a marker of active TB, in HIV-negative, pulmonary TB–infected patients’ urine (85% of 9.6 million patients). We apply a copper complex dye within a hydrogel nanocage that captures LAM with very high affinity, displacing interfering urine proteins. The technology was applied to study pretreatment urine from 48 Peruvian patients, all negative for HIV, with microbiologically confirmed active pulmonary TB. LAM was quantitatively measured in the urine with a sensitivity of >95%and a specificity of >80% (n = 101) in a concentration range of 14 to 2000 picograms per milliliter, as compared to non-TB, healthy and diseased, age-matched controls (evaluated by receiver operating characteristic analysis; area under the curve, 0.95; 95% confidence interval, 0.9005 to 0.9957). Urinary LAM was elevated in patients with a higher mycobacterial burden (n = 42), a higher proportion of weight loss (n = 37), or cough (n = 50). The technology can be configured in a variety of formats to detect a panel of previously undetectable very-low-abundance TB urinary analytes. Eight of nine patients who were smear-negative and culture-positive for TB tested positive for urinary LAM. This technology has broad implications for pulmonary TB screening, transmission control, and treatment management for HIV-negative patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Paris
- George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Ruben Magni
- George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Fatima Zaidi
- George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Robyn Araujo
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Neal Saini
- George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lance Liotta
- George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
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26
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Ramos Robles B, Valdez RA, Hernández UJ, Marquina Castillo B, Mata Espinosa D, Barrios Payan J, Hernández Pando R, Romano MC. Immunoendocrine abnormalities in the male reproductive system during experimental pulmonary tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018; 109:109-116. [PMID: 29559114 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) that mainly affects the lungs. Along the course of pulmonary TB there are remarkable changes in the production of cytokines that cause endocrine changes. So far, it is not known the physiological and histological changes in the male reproductive system during pulmonary TB. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether pulmonary TB produces histological alterations of the BALB/c mice reproductive organs, as well as abnormalities in spermatogenesis, serum testosterone concentrations and expression of testicular cytokines. METHODS BALB/c mice were infected intratracheally with high dose Mtb strain H37Rv. Groups of six non infected and infected animals were euthanized on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 60, 90 and 120 post-infection. Bacillary loads were determined by counting colony forming units (CFUs) in lungs, testes, prostate and seminal vesicles. Histological sections were obtained from the same organs. Spermatozoids number and quality were assessed by spermatobioscopy. Serum testosterone concentrations were determined by radioimmunoanalysis (RIA) in control and infected mice in each time of sacrifice. RESULTS Mtb only grew in lung tissue. Serum androgens showed a trend to decrease in the infected mice compared to the healthy animals, the difference turn into statistically significance at post infection day 120. The weight of the testis was not modified throughout the study, and no histopathological changes were found. However, we detected a significant decrease in the weight of the seminal vesicles and prostate starting at 28 days post-infection. Atrophy of the seminal vesicles and prostate epithelia were significant, beginning after 60 days of infection. Spermatobioscopy revealed hypospermia in the later stages of the disease. We have observed in the testes a local significant disbalance on the cytokine profile (increase of IL-6 and decrease of IL-10 and TGF-b levels) together with a very significant reduction of the body weight during late pulmonary TB. CONCLUSION Pulmonary TB affects the histophysiology of the male reproductive system due to hormonal changes, an imbalance of pro-inflammatory cytokine profile, and a wasting syndrome during late disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Ramos Robles
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N. México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Ricardo A Valdez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N. México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Uriel Juárez Hernández
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología del Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Brenda Marquina Castillo
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología del Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Dulce Mata Espinosa
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología del Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Jorge Barrios Payan
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología del Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Rogelio Hernández Pando
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología del Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, D.F., Mexico.
| | - Marta C Romano
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N. México, D.F., Mexico.
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27
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Mcclement S. Special Issue on Cancer Cachexia. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2018; 5:355-357. [PMID: 30271816 PMCID: PMC6103196 DOI: 10.4103/apjon.apjon_39_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Mcclement
- College of Nursing, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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28
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Maji A, Misra R, Dhakan DB, Gupta V, Mahato NK, Saxena R, Mittal P, Thukral N, Sharma E, Singh A, Virmani R, Gaur M, Singh H, Hasija Y, Arora G, Agrawal A, Chaudhry A, Khurana JP, Sharma VK, Lal R, Singh Y. Gut microbiome contributes to impairment of immunity in pulmonary tuberculosis patients by alteration of butyrate and propionate producers. Environ Microbiol 2017; 20:402-419. [PMID: 29322681 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is primarily associated with decline in immune health status. As gut microbiome (GM) is implicated in the regulation of host immunity and metabolism, here we investigate GM alteration in TB patients by 16S rRNA gene and whole-genome shotgun sequencing. The study group constituted of patients with pulmonary TB and their healthy household contacts as controls (HCs). Significant alteration of microbial taxonomic and functional capacity was observed in patients with active TB as compared to the HCs. We observed that Prevotella and Bifidobacterium abundance were associated with HCs, whereas butyrate and propionate-producing bacteria like Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Eubacterium and Phascolarctobacterium were significantly enriched in TB patients. Functional analysis showed reduced biosynthesis of vitamins and amino acids in favour of enriched metabolism of butyrate and propionate in TB subjects. The TB subjects were also investigated during the course of treatment, to analyse the variation of GM. Although perturbation in microbial composition was still evident after a month's administration of anti-TB drugs, significant changes were observed in metagenome gene pool that pointed towards recovery in functional capacity. Therefore, the findings from this pilot study suggest that microbial dysbiosis may contribute to pathophysiology of TB by enhancing the anti-inflammatory milieu in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Maji
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology (IGIB), Mall Road, Delhi, India.,Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, India
| | - Richa Misra
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology (IGIB), Mall Road, Delhi, India.,Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.,Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, India
| | - Darshan B Dhakan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, India
| | - Vipin Gupta
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | | | - Rituja Saxena
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, India
| | - Parul Mittal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, India
| | - Nitin Thukral
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Eshan Sharma
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Anoop Singh
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Richa Virmani
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology (IGIB), Mall Road, Delhi, India.,Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Mohita Gaur
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Harshvardhan Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Hindu Rao Hospital, Malka Ganj, Delhi, India
| | - Yasha Hasija
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Gunjan Arora
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology (IGIB), Mall Road, Delhi, India
| | - Anurag Agrawal
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology (IGIB), Mall Road, Delhi, India
| | - Anil Chaudhry
- Department of TB and Chest, Rajan Babu Institute of Pulmonary Medicine and Tuberculosis (RBIPMT), Kingsway Camp, Delhi, India
| | - Jitendra P Khurana
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Vineet K Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, India
| | - Rup Lal
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Yogendra Singh
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology (IGIB), Mall Road, Delhi, India.,Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Naik AL, Rajan MG, Manjrekar PA, Shenoy MT, Shreelata S, Srikantiah RM, Hegde A. Effect of DOTS Treatment on Vitamin D Levels in Pulmonary Tuberculosis. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:BC18-BC22. [PMID: 28571130 PMCID: PMC5449776 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/24501.9759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vitamin D (Vit D) modulates a variety of processes and regulatory systems including host defense, inflammation, immunity, and repair. Vit D Deficiency (VDD) is been implicated as a cause in diabetes, immune dysfunction and Tuberculosis (TB). Impaired metabolism of Vit D and an adverse outcome is associated with Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB). Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (DOTS) consist of drugs like rifampicin and isoniazid, which respectively cause accelerated loss of Vit D due to increased clearance and impairment of 25-hydroxylation causing diminished Vit D action. AIM The aim of the present study was to estimate and compare serum Vit D status in newly diagnosed PTB patients before and after DOTS to validate the supplementation of Vit D in PTB patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty four newly diagnosed PTB patients of both the sexes in the age group of 18 to 60 years before starting DOTS were recruited to participate in this non- randomized controlled trial with their voluntary consent. Vit D status in these patients and the effect of DOTS on Vit D were evaluated. RESULTS Mean Vit D levels of the study population aged 43±13 years was 20.74 ng/ml (normal >30 ng/ml) at the time of diagnosis. After completion of six months of therapy mean Vit D reduced to 17.49 ng/ml (p-value=0.041). On individual observations, 70% of the participants showed a decrease in Vit D levels from their baseline, whereas 30% showed an increase. Comparison between the two groups indicated the possible role of younger age in the improved status. CONCLUSION VDD was seen in PTB patients, which worsened in majority of the study population after treatment; hence it would be advisable to recommend Vit D supplementation in PTB patients for a better outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshatha Lalesh Naik
- Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Shridevi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Hospital, Tumkur, Karnataka, India
| | - Madan Gopal Rajan
- Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, AJ Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Poornima A. Manjrekar
- Professor and Head, Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, karnataka, India
| | - Mamatha T. Shenoy
- Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, KVG Medical College and Hospital, Sullia, Karnataka, India
| | - Souparnika Shreelata
- Junior Research Fellow, Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rukmini Mysore Srikantiah
- Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Anupama Hegde
- Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Bacelo AC, do Brasil PEAA, Cople-Rodrigues CDS, Ingebourg G, Paiva E, Ramalho A, Rolla VC. Dietary counseling adherence during tuberculosis treatment: A longitudinal study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2017; 17:44-53. [PMID: 28361747 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of dietary counseling to overcome malnutrition for patients with tuberculosis, with or without HIV, however the response to nutritional treatment depends on patient's adherence to nutritional counseling. OBJECTIVE Identify the degree of adherence to dietary counseling and predictors of adherence among patients undergoing tuberculosis treatment. DESIGN Observational prospective follow-up study conducted in adults treating for tuberculosis with or without HIV. Self-reported adherence and 24-h diet recall were checked. Diet counseling according to WHO strategy was offered at each visit for all patients. The endpoint was the adherence to the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) and total calories consumed during tuberculosis treatment. Data were mainly analyzed with marginal models to estimate adjusted trajectories. RESULTS Sixty-eight patients were included in the study. The maximum probability of total calories consumption of at least one RDA was 80%. The adherence to dietary counseling was low regardless of HIV infection. The negative determinants of adherence were the presence of loss of appetite and nausea/vomiting. For patients with loss of appetite and nausea/vomiting, the probability of total calories consumption of at least one RDA is less than 20% at any time. CONCLUSION The loss of appetite and nausea/vomiting are highly prevalents and were the main causes of non-adherence to dietary counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Costa Bacelo
- Nutrition Service, National Institute of Infectious Diseases Evandro Chagas, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Emmanuel Alvarenga Americano do Brasil
- Clinical Research Laboratory on Chagas Disease, National Institute of Infectious Diseases Evandro Chagas, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Georg Ingebourg
- Diagnostics Activities Coordination, Immunodiagnostic Section, National Institute of Infectious Diseases Evandro Chagas, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil.
| | - Eliane Paiva
- Department of Nutrition, Augusto Motta University Center, Av. Paris 72, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21041-020, Brazil.
| | - Andrea Ramalho
- Josué de Castro Institute, Rio de Janeiro's Federal University, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS Block J, 2º Floor, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-901, Brazil.
| | - Valeria Cavalcanti Rolla
- Clinical Research Laboratory on Mycobacteria, National Institute of Infectious Diseases Evandro Chagas, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil.
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31
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Aibana O, Acharya X, Huang CC, Becerra MC, Galea JT, Chiang SS, Contreras C, Calderon R, Yataco R, Velásquez GE, Tintaya K, Jimenez J, Lecca L, Murray MB. Nutritional Status and Tuberculosis Risk in Adult and Pediatric Household Contacts. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166333. [PMID: 27835678 PMCID: PMC5105945 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies show obesity decreases risk of tuberculosis (TB) disease. There is limited evidence on whether high body mass index also protects against TB infection; how very high body mass indices influence TB risk; or whether nutritional status predicts this risk in children. We assessed the impact of body mass index on incident TB infection and disease among adults and children. METHODS AND FINDINGS We conducted a prospective cohort study among household contacts of pulmonary TB cases in Lima, Peru. We determined body mass index at baseline and followed participants for one year for TB infection and disease. We used Cox proportional regression analyses to estimate hazard ratios for incident TB infection and disease. We enrolled 14,044 household contacts, and among 6853 negative for TB infection and disease at baseline, 1787 (26.1%) became infected. A total of 406 contacts developed secondary TB disease during follow-up. Body mass index did not predict risk of TB infection but overweight household contacts had significantly decreased risk of TB disease (HR 0.48; 95% CI 0.37-0.64; p <0.001) compared to those with normal weight. Among adults, body mass index ≥ 35 kg/m2 continued to predict a lower risk of TB disease (HR 0.30; 95% CI 0.12-0.74; p 0.009). We found no association between high body mass index and TB infection or disease among children under 12 years of age. CONCLUSIONS High body mass index protects adults against TB disease even at levels ≥ 35 kg/m2. This protective effect does not extend to TB infection and is not seen in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omowunmi Aibana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xeno Acharya
- Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chuan-Chin Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mercedes C. Becerra
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Partners In Health / Socios En Salud Sucursal Peru, Lima, Peru
| | - Jerome T. Galea
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Partners In Health / Socios En Salud Sucursal Peru, Lima, Peru
| | - Silvia S. Chiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Alpert School of Medicine of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | | | - Roger Calderon
- Partners In Health / Socios En Salud Sucursal Peru, Lima, Peru
| | - Rosa Yataco
- Partners In Health / Socios En Salud Sucursal Peru, Lima, Peru
| | - Gustavo E. Velásquez
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Karen Tintaya
- Partners In Health / Socios En Salud Sucursal Peru, Lima, Peru
| | - Judith Jimenez
- Partners In Health / Socios En Salud Sucursal Peru, Lima, Peru
| | - Leonid Lecca
- Partners In Health / Socios En Salud Sucursal Peru, Lima, Peru
| | - Megan B. Murray
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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32
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Lee SW, Wu LSH, Huang GM, Huang KY, Lee TY, Weng JTY. Gene expression profiling identifies candidate biomarkers for active and latent tuberculosis. BMC Bioinformatics 2016; 17 Suppl 1:3. [PMID: 26818387 PMCID: PMC4895247 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-015-0848-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infectious disease in that 90% of those latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis present no symptoms, but possess a 10% lifetime chance of developing active TB. To prevent the spread of the disease, early diagnosis is crucial. However, current methods of detection require improvement in sensitivity, efficiency or specificity. In the present study, we conducted a microarray experiment, comparing the gene expression profiles in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells among individuals with active TB, latent infection, and healthy conditions in a Taiwanese population. RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis revealed that most of the differentially expressed genes belonged to immune responses, inflammation pathways, and cell cycle control. Subsequent RT-PCR validation identified four differentially expressed genes, NEMF, ASUN, DHX29, and PTPRC, as potential biomarkers for the detection of active and latent TB infections. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the expression level of PTPRC may discriminate active TB patients from healthy individuals, while ASUN could differentiate between the latent state of TB infection and healthy condidtion. In contrast, DHX29 may be used to identify latently infected individuals among active TB patients or healthy individuals. To test the concept of using these biomarkers as diagnostic support, we constructed classification models using these candidate biomarkers and found the Naïve Bayes-based model built with ASUN, DHX29, and PTPRC to yield the best performance. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that gene expression profiles in the blood can be used to identify not only active TB patients, but also to differentiate latently infected patients from their healthy counterparts. Validation of the constructed computational model in a larger sample size would confirm the reliability of the biomarkers and facilitate the development of a cost-effective and sensitive molecular diagnostic platform for TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Wei Lee
- Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | | | - Guan-Mau Huang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Kai-Yao Huang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Tzong-Yi Lee
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Innovation Center for Big Data and Digital Convergence, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Julia Tzu-Ya Weng
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Innovation Center for Big Data and Digital Convergence, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Alvi A, Fatima N, Jerah AA, Rizwan M, Hobani YH, Sunosi RA, Taha MMEH, Habiballah EM, Agarwal PK, Abdulwahab SI. Correlation between Resistin, Tuberculosis and Khat Addiction: A Study from South Western Province of Saudi Arabia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140245. [PMID: 26448186 PMCID: PMC4598132 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis(TB) is a disease of global significance, which accounts for a death in every 15 seconds. Recent studies shows TB is rising in certain parts of the world, and Saudi Arabia is one of them. Several factor contribute in predisposing the subjects for infection including but not limited to addiction to various compounds which have immune modulation properties, such as amphetamines and Heroin etc. Khat a plant whose leaves are chewed for its euphoric effect in east Africa and Arabian Peninsula including Saudi Arabia, is considered as mildly addictive, and its principle compound, Cathinone shares structural and functional similarity with amphetamine a known immunomodulator. Tuberculosis being a disease of immune modulation has a varied spectrum of complex interplay of proinflammatory molecules, resistin is one of them. In the present study, we try to explore the trinity of khat addiction, serum resistin level and tuberculosis by correlating the serum resistin level in non khat addicted healthy subjects, khat addicted healthy subjects, and in patients, both khat addicted and non khat addicted, with active tuberculosis. We observed significantly higher resistin level among the apparently healthy khat addicted subjects as compared to non addicted healthy controls. Thereafter, when we compare the resistin levels between khat addicted and non khat addicted TB patients we did not found significant difference between the two groups. However bacillary load was observe to be significantly higher among the khat addicted TB patient as compare to non addicted one. Validation of above results in animal model revealed dose dependant increase in bacillary growth in the Wistar rats treated with khat. Taken together these results suggest the role of khat in immune modulation albeit in the limited frame of resistin level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Alvi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, KSA
- * E-mail:
| | - Nuzhath Fatima
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, KSA
| | - Ahmed Ali Jerah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, KSA
| | - Mohammed Rizwan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Nursing, Jazan University, Jazan, KSA
| | - Yahya Hasan Hobani
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, KSA
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First and second line drug resistance among treatment naïve pulmonary tuberculosis patients in a district under Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) in New Delhi. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2015; 5:365-73. [PMID: 25944154 PMCID: PMC7320499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jegh.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
There is limited information of level of drug resistance to first-line and second line anti-tuberculosis agents in treatment naïve pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients from the Indian region. Therefore, the present prospective study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility to first-line and second line anti-TB drug resistance in such patients. Sputum samples from consecutive treatment naïve PTB cases registered in Lala Ram Sarup (LRS) district, under RNTCP containing 12 Directly Observed Treatment Centre’s (DOTS), were enrolled using cluster sampling technology. A total of 453 samples were received from July 2011 to June 2012. All samples were cultured on solid medium followed by drug susceptibility to first and second line anti-tubercular drugs as per RNTCP guidelines. Primary multi-drug resistance (MDR) was found to be 18/453; (4.0%). Extensively drug resistance (XDR) was found in one strain (0.2%), which was found to be resistant to other antibiotics. Data of drug resistant tuberculosis among treatment naïve TB patients are lacking in India. The presence of XDR-TB and high MDR-TB in small population studied, calls for conducting systematic multi-centric surveillance across the country.
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PrayGod G, Range N, Faurholt-Jepsen D, Jeremiah K, Faurholt-Jepsen M, Aabye MG, Magnussen P, Changalucha J, Andersen AB, Wells JCK, Friis H. Predictors of body composition changes during tuberculosis treatment in Mwanza, Tanzania. Eur J Clin Nutr 2015; 69:1125-32. [PMID: 25828630 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Gains in fat mass and lean mass during tuberculosis (TB) treatment may determine functional recovery and survival; yet, data are scarce. We aimed to assess predictors of fat and fat-free mass during 2 months of intensive TB treatment in a cohort in Mwanza, Tanzania. SUBJECTS/METHODS Fat and fat-free mass were determined at the start of TB treatment and repeated after 2 months using the deuterium dilution technique. Gains in fat and fat-free mass were determined and predictors assessed using regression analysis. RESULTS Data for 116 patients were available at baseline and during follow-up. Of these, 38.8% were females, mean age was 37.3 (s.d. 13.5) years, 69% (81) had sputum-positive TB, 45.7% (53) were HIV infected and 25% (29) were current smokers. The mean weight gain was 3.3 kg (95% confidence interval: 2.7; 3.8), and it did not differ by sex. However, compared with females, males had 1.0 (0.4; 1.6) kg/m(2) lower fat mass but 0.7 (0.2; 1.3) kg/m(2) higher fat-free mass gain. Current smoking was associated with higher fat mass (0.7 kg/m(2), 0.04; 1.4) but lower fat-free mass (-0.5 kg/m(2), -1.2; 0.07) gain. Among HIV-infected patients, antiretroviral therapy (ART) led to a lower fat gain (-1.2 kg/m(2), -2.2; -0.2) but to a higher fat-free mass among sputum-negative (2.9 kg/m(2), 0.8; 5.1) but not sputum-positive patients. CONCLUSIONS During intensive phase of TB treatment, sex, smoking and ART were predictors of body composition. Larger studies are needed to further understand predictors of body composition during recovery, to help design interventions to improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G PrayGod
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - N Range
- Muhimbili Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - D Faurholt-Jepsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Jeremiah
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - M Faurholt-Jepsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M G Aabye
- Clinical Research Centre, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - P Magnussen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Changalucha
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - A B Andersen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - J C K Wells
- Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, UCL-Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - H Friis
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Chao WC, Yen CL, Wu YH, Chen SY, Hsieh CY, Chang TC, Ou HY, Shieh CC. Increased resistin may suppress reactive oxygen species production and inflammasome activation in type 2 diabetic patients with pulmonary tuberculosis infection. Microbes Infect 2015; 17:195-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Zheng Y, Ma A, Wang Q, Han X, Cai J, Schouten EG, Kok FJ, Li Y. Relation of leptin, ghrelin and inflammatory cytokines with body mass index in pulmonary tuberculosis patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80122. [PMID: 24260344 PMCID: PMC3832650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients often suffer from anorexia and poor nutrition, causing weight loss. The peptide hormones leptin and its counterpart ghrelin, acting in the regulation of food intake and fat utilization, play an important role in nutritional balance. This study aimed to investigate the association of blood concentrations of leptin, ghrelin and inflammatory cytokines with body mass index (BMI) in TB patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS BMI, biochemical parameters and plasma levels of leptin, ghrelin and inflammatory cytokines were measured before the start of treatment in 27 incident TB patients with T2DM, 21 TB patients and 23 healthy subjects enrolled in this study. RESULTS The levels of leptin were significantly higher in TB patients (35.2 ± 19.1 ng/ml) than TB+T2DM (12.6 ± 6.1 ng/ml) and control (16.1 ± 11.1 ng/ml) groups. The level of ghrelin was significantly lower in TB (119.9 ± 46.1 pg/ml) and non-significantly lower in TB+T2DM (127.7 ± 38.6 pg/ml) groups than control (191.6 ± 86.5 pg/ml) group. The levels of TNF-α were higher, while IFN-γ and IL-6 levels were lower in patients than in the control group. Leptin showed a negative correlation with BMI in TB (r=-0.622, p<0.05) and TB+T2DM (r= -0.654, p<0.05) groups, but a positive correlation with BMI in the control group (r=0.521, p<0.05). Contrary ghrelin showed a positive correlation with BMI in TB (r=0.695, p<0.05) and TB+T2DM (r= 0.199, p>0.05) groups, but negative correlation with BMI in the control (r=-0.693, p<0.05) group. Inflammatory cytokines were poorly correlated with BMI in this study. Only IFN-γ showed a significant negative correlation with BMI in the control group (r=-0.545, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study may suggest that possible abnormalities in ghrelin and leptin regulation (high levels of leptin and low levels of ghrelin) may be associated with low BMI and may account for the poor nutrition associated with TB and TB+T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zheng
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Aiguo Ma
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Qiuzhen Wang
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Xiuxia Han
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Jing Cai
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Evert G. Schouten
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans J. Kok
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yunchun Li
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P. R. China
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Rudolf F, Lemvik G, Abate E, Verkuilen J, Schön T, Gomes VF, Eugen-Olsen J, Østergaard L, Wejse C. TBscore II: Refining and validating a simple clinical score for treatment monitoring of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 45:825-36. [DOI: 10.3109/00365548.2013.826876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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