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Boyadzhiev A, Wu D, Avramescu ML, Williams A, Rasmussen P, Halappanavar S. Toxicity of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: Looking through the Lens of Toxicogenomics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:529. [PMID: 38203705 PMCID: PMC10779048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The impact of solubility on the toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) requires further exploration to ascertain the impact of the dissolved and particulate species on response. In this study, FE1 mouse lung epithelial cells were exposed for 2-48 h to 4 MONPs of varying solubility: zinc oxide, nickel oxide, aluminum oxide, and titanium dioxide, in addition to microparticle analogues and metal chloride equivalents. Previously published data from FE1 cells exposed for 2-48 h to copper oxide and copper chloride were examined in the context of exposures in the present study. Viability was assessed using Trypan Blue staining and transcriptomic responses via microarray analysis. Results indicate material solubility is not the sole property governing MONP toxicity. Transcriptional signaling through the 'HIF-1α Signaling' pathway describes the response to hypoxia, which also includes genes associated with processes such as oxidative stress and unfolded protein responses and represents a conserved response across all MONPs tested. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in this pathway correlated with apical toxicity, and a panel of the top ten ranked DEGs was constructed (Hmox1, Hspa1a, Hspa1b, Mmp10, Adm, Serpine1, Slc2a1, Egln1, Rasd1, Hk2), highlighting mechanistic differences among tested MONPs. The HIF-1α pathway is proposed as a biomarker of MONP exposure and toxicity that can help prioritize MONPs for further evaluation and guide specific testing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Boyadzhiev
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada; (A.B.); (D.W.); (M.-L.A.); (A.W.); (P.R.)
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada; (A.B.); (D.W.); (M.-L.A.); (A.W.); (P.R.)
| | - Mary-Luyza Avramescu
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada; (A.B.); (D.W.); (M.-L.A.); (A.W.); (P.R.)
| | - Andrew Williams
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada; (A.B.); (D.W.); (M.-L.A.); (A.W.); (P.R.)
| | - Pat Rasmussen
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada; (A.B.); (D.W.); (M.-L.A.); (A.W.); (P.R.)
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Sabina Halappanavar
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada; (A.B.); (D.W.); (M.-L.A.); (A.W.); (P.R.)
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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2
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Berthing T, Lard M, Danielsen PH, Abariute L, Barfod KK, Adolfsson K, Knudsen KB, Wolff H, Prinz CN, Vogel U. Pulmonary toxicity and translocation of gallium phosphide nanowires to secondary organs following pulmonary exposure in mice. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:322. [PMID: 37679803 PMCID: PMC10483739 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND III-V semiconductor nanowires are envisioned as being integrated in optoelectronic devices in the near future. However, the perspective of mass production of these nanowires raises concern for human safety due to their asbestos- and carbon nanotube-like properties, including their high aspect ratio shape. Indeed, III-V nanowires have similar dimensions as Mitsui-7 multi-walled carbon nanotubes, which induce lung cancer by inhalation in rats. It is therefore urgent to investigate the toxicological effects following lung exposure to III-V nanowires prior to their use in industrial production, which entails risk of human exposure. Here, female C57BL/6J mice were exposed to 2, 6, and 18 µg (0.12, 0.35 and 1.1 mg/kg bw) of gallium phosphide (III-V) nanowires (99 nm diameter, 3.7 μm length) by intratracheal instillation and the toxicity was investigated 1, 3, 28 days and 3 months after exposure. Mitsui-7 multi-walled carbon nanotubes and carbon black Printex 90 nanoparticles were used as benchmark nanomaterials. RESULTS Gallium phosphide nanowires induced genotoxicity in bronchoalveolar lavage cells and acute inflammation with eosinophilia observable both in bronchoalveolar lavage and lung tissue (1 and 3 days post-exposure). The inflammatory response was comparable to the response following exposure to Mitsui-7 multi-walled carbon nanotubes at similar dose levels. The nanowires underwent partial dissolution in the lung resulting in thinner nanowires, with an estimated in vivo half-life of 3 months. Despite the partial dissolution, nanowires were detected in lung, liver, spleen, kidney, uterus and brain 3 months after exposure. CONCLUSION Pulmonary exposure to gallium phosphide nanowires caused similar toxicological effects as the multi-walled carbon nanotube Mitsui-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Berthing
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mercy Lard
- Division of Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, 22 100, Sweden
| | | | - Laura Abariute
- Division of Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, 22 100, Sweden
- Phase Holographic Imaging PHI AB, Lund, 224 78, Sweden
| | - Kenneth K Barfod
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Food Science, Microbiology and Fermentation, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karl Adolfsson
- Division of Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, 22 100, Sweden
- Axis Communications AB, Lund, 223 69, Sweden
| | - Kristina B Knudsen
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Wolff
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christelle N Prinz
- Division of Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, 22 100, Sweden.
| | - Ulla Vogel
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Gutierrez CT, Loizides C, Hafez I, Biskos G, Loeschner K, Brostrøm A, Roursgaard M, Saber AT, Møller P, Sørli JB, Hadrup N, Vogel U. Comparison of acute phase response in mice after inhalation and intratracheal instillation of molybdenum disulphide and tungsten particles. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 133:265-278. [PMID: 37312155 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation studies are the gold standard for assessing the toxicity of airborne materials. They require considerable time, special equipment, and large amounts of test material. Intratracheal instillation is considered a screening and hazard assessment tool as it is simple, quick, allows control of the applied dose, and requires less test material. The particle-induced pulmonary inflammation and acute phase response in mice caused by intratracheal instillation or inhalation of molybdenum disulphide or tungsten particles were compared. End points included neutrophil numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, Saa3 mRNA levels in lung tissue and Saa1 mRNA levels in liver tissue, and SAA3 plasma protein. Acute phase response was used as a biomarker for the risk of cardiovascular disease. Intratracheal instillation of molybdenum disulphide or tungsten particles did not produce pulmonary inflammation, while molybdenum disulphide particles induced pulmonary acute phase response with both exposure methods and systemic acute phase response after intratracheal instillation. Inhalation and intratracheal instillation showed similar dose-response relationships for pulmonary and systemic acute phase response when molybdenum disulphide was expressed as dosed surface area. Both exposure methods showed similar responses for molybdenum disulphide and tungsten, suggesting that intratracheal instillation can be used for screening particle-induced acute phase response and thereby particle-induced cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Torero Gutierrez
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charis Loizides
- Climate and Atmosphere Research Centre, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Iosif Hafez
- Climate and Atmosphere Research Centre, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - George Biskos
- Climate and Atmosphere Research Centre, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Katrin Loeschner
- Research Group for Analytical Food Chemistry, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anders Brostrøm
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Roursgaard
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Peter Møller
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Niels Hadrup
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Research Group for Risk-Benefit, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Hojo M, Maeno A, Sakamoto Y, Yamamoto Y, Taquahashi Y, Hirose A, Suzuki J, Inomata A, Nakae D. Time-Course of Transcriptomic Change in the Lungs of F344 Rats Repeatedly Exposed to a Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube in a 2-Year Test. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2105. [PMID: 37513116 PMCID: PMC10383707 DOI: 10.3390/nano13142105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Despite intensive toxicological studies of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) over the last two decades, only a few studies have demonstrated their pulmonary carcinogenicities in chronic animal experiments, and the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. To obtain molecular insights into CNT-induced lung carcinogenicity, we performed a transcriptomic analysis using a set of lung tissues collected from rats in a 2-year study, in which lung tumors were induced by repeated intratracheal instillations of a multiwalled carbon nanotube, MWNT-7. The RNA-seq-based transcriptome identified a large number of significantly differentially expressed genes at Year 0.5, Year 1, and Year 2. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed that macrophage-elicited signaling pathways such as phagocytosis, acute phase response, and Toll-like receptor signaling were activated throughout the experimental period. At Year 2, cancer-related pathways including ERBB signaling and some axonal guidance signaling pathways such as EphB4 signaling were perturbed. qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry indicated that several key molecules such as Osteopontin/Spp1, Hmox1, Mmp12, and ERBB2 were markedly altered and/or localized in the preneoplastic lesions, suggesting their participation in the induction of lung cancer. Our findings support a scenario of inflammation-induced carcinogenesis and contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of MWCNT carcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Hojo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Ai Maeno
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Sakamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Yukio Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Yuhji Taquahashi
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tono-machi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-9501, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akihiko Hirose
- Chemicals Assessment and Research Center, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Japan, 1-4-25 Koraku, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-0004, Japan
| | - Jin Suzuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Akiko Inomata
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
| | - Dai Nakae
- Department of Medical Sports, Faculty of Health Care and Medical Sports, Teikyo Heisei University, 4-1 Uruido-Minami, Ichihara 290-0193, Chiba, Japan
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Barthel H, Sébillaud S, Lorcin M, Wolff H, Viton S, Cosnier F, Gaté L, Seidel C. Needlelike, short and thin multi-walled carbon nanotubes: comparison of effects on wild type and p53 +/- rat lungs. Nanotoxicology 2023; 17:270-288. [PMID: 37126100 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2023.2204933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are nanomaterials presenting an occupational inhalation risk during production or handling. The International Agency for Research on Cancer classified one CNT, Mitsui-7 (MWNT-7), as 'possibly carcinogenic to humans'. In recognition of their similarities, a proposal has been submitted to the risk assessment committee of ECHA to classify all fibers with 'Fibre Paradigm' (FP)-compatible dimensions as carcinogenic. However, there is a lack of clarity surrounding the toxicity of fibers that do not fit the FP criteria. In this study, we compared the effects of the FP-compatible Mitsui-7, to those of NM-403, a CNT that is too short and thin to fit the paradigm. Female Sprague Dawley rats deficient for p53 (GMO) and wild type (WT) rats were exposed to the two CNTs (0.25 mg/rat/week) by intratracheal instillation. Animals (GMO and WT) were exposed weekly for four consecutive weeks and were sacrificed 3 days or 8 months after the last instillation. Exposure to both CNTs induced acute lung inflammation. However, persistent inflammation at 8 months was only observed in the lungs of rats exposed to NM-403. In addition to the persistent inflammation, NM-403 stimulated hyperplasic changes in rat lungs, and no adenomas or carcinomas were detected. The degree and extent of hyperplasia was significantly more pronounced in GMO rats. These results suggest that CNT not meeting the FP criteria can cause persistent inflammation and hyperplasia. Consequently, their health effects should be carefully assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Barthel
- French Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS), Toxicology and Biomonitoring Division, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiophatologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Biopôle, Campus Biologie Santé, UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Sylvie Sébillaud
- French Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS), Toxicology and Biomonitoring Division, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Mylène Lorcin
- French Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS), Toxicology and Biomonitoring Division, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Henrik Wolff
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stéphane Viton
- French Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS), Toxicology and Biomonitoring Division, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Frédéric Cosnier
- French Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS), Toxicology and Biomonitoring Division, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Laurent Gaté
- French Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS), Toxicology and Biomonitoring Division, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Carole Seidel
- French Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS), Toxicology and Biomonitoring Division, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Solorio-Rodriguez SA, Williams A, Poulsen SS, Knudsen KB, Jensen KA, Clausen PA, Danielsen PH, Wallin H, Vogel U, Halappanavar S. Single-Walled vs. Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Influence of Physico-Chemical Properties on Toxicogenomics Responses in Mouse Lungs. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13061059. [PMID: 36985953 PMCID: PMC10057402 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are nanomaterials with one or multiple layers of carbon sheets. While it is suggested that various properties influence their toxicity, the specific mechanisms are not completely known. This study was aimed to determine if single or multi-walled structures and surface functionalization influence pulmonary toxicity and to identify the underlying mechanisms of toxicity. Female C57BL/6J BomTac mice were exposed to a single dose of 6, 18, or 54 μg/mouse of twelve SWCNTs or MWCNTs of different properties. Neutrophil influx and DNA damage were assessed on days 1 and 28 post-exposure. Genome microarrays and various bioinformatics and statistical methods were used to identify the biological processes, pathways and functions altered post-exposure to CNTs. All CNTs were ranked for their potency to induce transcriptional perturbation using benchmark dose modelling. All CNTs induced tissue inflammation. MWCNTs were more genotoxic than SWCNTs. Transcriptomics analysis showed similar responses across CNTs at the pathway level at the high dose, which included the perturbation of inflammatory, cellular stress, metabolism, and DNA damage responses. Of all CNTs, one pristine SWCNT was found to be the most potent and potentially fibrogenic, so it should be prioritized for further toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Williams
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A0K9, Canada; (S.A.S.-R.); (A.W.)
| | - Sarah Søs Poulsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.P.); (K.B.K.); (K.A.J.); (P.A.C.); (P.H.D.); (H.W.); (U.V.)
| | - Kristina Bram Knudsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.P.); (K.B.K.); (K.A.J.); (P.A.C.); (P.H.D.); (H.W.); (U.V.)
| | - Keld Alstrup Jensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.P.); (K.B.K.); (K.A.J.); (P.A.C.); (P.H.D.); (H.W.); (U.V.)
| | - Per Axel Clausen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.P.); (K.B.K.); (K.A.J.); (P.A.C.); (P.H.D.); (H.W.); (U.V.)
| | - Pernille Høgh Danielsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.P.); (K.B.K.); (K.A.J.); (P.A.C.); (P.H.D.); (H.W.); (U.V.)
| | - Håkan Wallin
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.P.); (K.B.K.); (K.A.J.); (P.A.C.); (P.H.D.); (H.W.); (U.V.)
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Institute of Occupational Health, 0304 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.P.); (K.B.K.); (K.A.J.); (P.A.C.); (P.H.D.); (H.W.); (U.V.)
| | - Sabina Halappanavar
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A0K9, Canada; (S.A.S.-R.); (A.W.)
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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Verghese M, Wilkinson E, He Y. Role of RNA modifications in carcinogenesis and carcinogen damage response. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:24-37. [PMID: 35560957 PMCID: PMC9653521 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The field of epitranscriptomics encompasses the study of post-transcriptional RNA modifications and their regulatory enzymes. Among the numerous RNA modifications, N6 -methyladenosine (m6 A) has been identified as the most common internal modification of messenger RNA (mRNA). Although m6 A modifications were first discovered in the 1970s, advances in technology have revived interest in this field, driving an abundance of research into the role of RNA modifications in various biological processes, including cancer. As analogs to epigenetic modifications, RNA modifications also play an important role in carcinogenesis by regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally. A growing body of evidence suggests that carcinogens can modulate RNA modifications to alter the expression of oncogenes or tumor suppressors during cellular transformation. Additionally, the expression and activity of the enzymes that regulate RNA modifications can be dysregulated and contribute to carcinogenesis, making these enzymes promising targets of drug discovery. Here we summarize the roles of RNA modifications during carcinogenesis induced by exposure to various environmental carcinogens, with a main focus on the roles of the most widely studied m6 A mRNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Verghese
- Department of Medicine, Section of DermatologyUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Pritzker School of MedicineUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Emma Wilkinson
- Department of Medicine, Section of DermatologyUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Committee on Cancer BiologyUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Yu‐Ying He
- Department of Medicine, Section of DermatologyUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Committee on Cancer BiologyUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
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Saarimäki LA, Morikka J, Pavel A, Korpilähde S, del Giudice G, Federico A, Fratello M, Serra A, Greco D. Toxicogenomics Data for Chemical Safety Assessment and Development of New Approach Methodologies: An Adverse Outcome Pathway-Based Approach. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2203984. [PMID: 36479815 PMCID: PMC9839874 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic toxicology provides a powerful approach to inform on the safety of chemicals and the development of safe-by-design compounds. Although toxicogenomics supports mechanistic evaluation of chemical exposures, its implementation into the regulatory framework is hindered by uncertainties in the analysis and interpretation of such data. The use of mechanistic evidence through the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) concept is promoted for the development of new approach methodologies (NAMs) that can reduce animal experimentation. However, to unleash the full potential of AOPs and build confidence into toxicogenomics, robust associations between AOPs and patterns of molecular alteration need to be established. Systematic curation of molecular events to AOPs will create the much-needed link between toxicogenomics and systemic mechanisms depicted by the AOPs. This, in turn, will introduce novel ways of benefitting from the AOPs, including predictive models and targeted assays, while also reducing the need for multiple testing strategies. Hence, a multi-step strategy to annotate AOPs is developed, and the resulting associations are applied to successfully highlight relevant adverse outcomes for chemical exposures with strong in vitro and in vivo convergence, supporting chemical grouping and other data-driven approaches. Finally, a panel of AOP-derived in vitro biomarkers for pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is identified and experimentally validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Aliisa Saarimäki
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE)Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityArvo Ylpön katu 34Tampere33520Finland
| | - Jack Morikka
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE)Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityArvo Ylpön katu 34Tampere33520Finland
| | - Alisa Pavel
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE)Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityArvo Ylpön katu 34Tampere33520Finland
| | - Seela Korpilähde
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE)Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityArvo Ylpön katu 34Tampere33520Finland
| | - Giusy del Giudice
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE)Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityArvo Ylpön katu 34Tampere33520Finland
| | - Antonio Federico
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE)Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityArvo Ylpön katu 34Tampere33520Finland
| | - Michele Fratello
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE)Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityArvo Ylpön katu 34Tampere33520Finland
| | - Angela Serra
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE)Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityArvo Ylpön katu 34Tampere33520Finland
- Tampere Institute for Advanced StudyTampere UniversityKalevantie 4Tampere33100Finland
| | - Dario Greco
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE)Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityArvo Ylpön katu 34Tampere33520Finland
- Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of HelsinkiP.O.Box 56HelsinkiUusimaa00014Finland
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9
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Pantzke J, Offer S, Zimmermann EJ, Kuhn E, Streibel T, Oeder S, Di Bucchianico S, Zimmermann R. An alternative in vitro model considering cell-cell interactions in fiber-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Toxicol Mech Methods 2022:1-16. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2022.2156008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Pantzke
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Svenja Offer
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Elias J. Zimmermann
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Evelyn Kuhn
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Streibel
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sebastian Oeder
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sebastiano Di Bucchianico
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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10
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Gupta SS, Singh KP, Gupta S, Dusinska M, Rahman Q. Do Carbon Nanotubes and Asbestos Fibers Exhibit Common Toxicity Mechanisms? NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12101708. [PMID: 35630938 PMCID: PMC9145953 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
During the last two decades several nanoscale materials were engineered for industrial and medical applications. Among them carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are the most exploited nanomaterials with global production of around 1000 tons/year. Besides several commercial benefits of CNTs, the fiber-like structures and their bio-persistency in lung tissues raise serious concerns about the possible adverse human health effects resembling those of asbestos fibers. In this review, we present a comparative analysis between CNTs and asbestos fibers using the following four parameters: (1) fibrous needle-like shape, (2) bio-persistent nature, (3) high surface to volume ratio and (4) capacity to adsorb toxicants/pollutants on the surface. We also compare mechanisms underlying the toxicity caused by certain diameters and lengths of CNTs and asbestos fibers using downstream pathways associated with altered gene expression data from both asbestos and CNT exposure. Our results suggest that indeed certain types of CNTs are emulating asbestos fiber as far as associated toxicity is concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchi Smita Gupta
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany; (S.S.G.); (K.P.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Krishna P. Singh
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany; (S.S.G.); (K.P.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Shailendra Gupta
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany; (S.S.G.); (K.P.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2007 Kjeller, Norway;
| | - Qamar Rahman
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Lucknow 226028, India
- Correspondence:
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11
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Jagiello K, Ciura K. In vitro to in vivo extrapolation to support the development of the next generation risk assessment (NGRA) strategy for nanomaterials. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:6735-6742. [PMID: 35446334 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00664b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There is growing interest in developing novel strategies to support assessment of human health risks due to chemicals. Regulatory and decision-making agencies have recommended that non-animal-based alternatives should be applied whenever possible instead of experimentation on living animals. These alternative methods are beneficial because they are ethical, inexpensive, and rapid. Herein, we review recent activities aimed at developing in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) models as a part of the Next Generation Risk Assessment (NGRA) of nanomaterials. In this context, we show the adverse outcome pathway (AOP)-based methodology for the identification of mechanistically relevant events serving as biomarkers for the targeted selection of in vitro assays. Considered events need to be biologically plausible, regulatory relevant, and crucial for the examination of occurrence of adverse outcomes. The promising advantages of using high-throughout-based omics data are highlighted. Furthermore, the application of 3D in vitro models and nano genome atlases to study nanoparticle toxicity is briefly summarized. Additionally, the challenges related to the extrapolation of in vitro doses into in vivo-relevant responses are presented. We also discuss the limitations of models applied thus far to study the fate of chemicals in the human body, which exist due to the lack of available knowledge regarding transformations of nanomaterials occurring in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Jagiello
- QSAR Lab Ltd., Trzy Lipy 3, 80-172 Gdansk, Poland.
- University of Gdansk, Faculty of Chemistry, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Krzesimir Ciura
- QSAR Lab Ltd., Trzy Lipy 3, 80-172 Gdansk, Poland.
- Medical University of Gdansk, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Physical Chemistry, J. Hallera Avenue 107, 80-416, Gdansk, Poland
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12
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Loret T, de Luna LAV, Fordham A, Arshad A, Barr K, Lozano N, Kostarelos K, Bussy C. Innate but Not Adaptive Immunity Regulates Lung Recovery from Chronic Exposure to Graphene Oxide Nanosheets. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104559. [PMID: 35166457 PMCID: PMC9008410 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Graphene has drawn a lot of interest in the material community due to unique physicochemical properties. Owing to a high surface area to volume ratio and free oxygen groups, the oxidized derivative, graphene oxide (GO) has promising potential as a drug delivery system. Here, the lung tolerability of two distinct GO varying in lateral dimensions is investigated, to reveal the most suitable candidate platform for pulmonary drug delivery. Following repeated chronic pulmonary exposure of mice to GO sheet suspensions, the innate and adaptive immune responses are studied. An acute and transient influx of neutrophils and eosinophils in the alveolar space, together with the replacement of alveolar macrophages by interstitial ones and a significant activation toward anti-inflammatory subsets, are found for both GO materials. Micrometric GO give rise to persistent multinucleated macrophages and granulomas. However, neither adaptive immune response nor lung tissue remodeling are induced after exposure to micrometric GO. Concurrently, milder effects and faster tissue recovery, both associated to a faster clearance from the respiratory tract, are found for nanometric GO, suggesting a greater lung tolerability. Taken together, these results highlight the importance of dimensions in the design of biocompatible 2D materials for pulmonary drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Loret
- Nanomedicine LabFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterM13 9PTUK
- National Graphene InstituteThe University of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PLUK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and InflammationFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterM13 9PTUK
| | - Luis Augusto Visani de Luna
- Nanomedicine LabFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterM13 9PTUK
- National Graphene InstituteThe University of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PLUK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and InflammationFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterM13 9PTUK
| | - Alexander Fordham
- Nanomedicine LabFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterM13 9PTUK
- National Graphene InstituteThe University of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PLUK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and InflammationFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterM13 9PTUK
| | - Atta Arshad
- Nanomedicine LabFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterM13 9PTUK
- National Graphene InstituteThe University of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PLUK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and InflammationFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterM13 9PTUK
| | - Katharine Barr
- Nanomedicine LabFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterM13 9PTUK
- National Graphene InstituteThe University of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Neus Lozano
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2)CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)Campus UABBellaterraBarcelona08193Spain
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine LabFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterM13 9PTUK
- National Graphene InstituteThe University of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PLUK
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2)CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)Campus UABBellaterraBarcelona08193Spain
| | - Cyrill Bussy
- Nanomedicine LabFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterM13 9PTUK
- National Graphene InstituteThe University of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PLUK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and InflammationFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterM13 9PTUK
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13
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Ventura C, Torres V, Vieira L, Gomes B, Rodrigues AS, Rueff J, Penque D, Silva MJ. New “Omics” Approaches as Tools to Explore Mechanistic Nanotoxicology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1357:179-194. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-88071-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Danielsen PH, Bendtsen KM, Knudsen KB, Poulsen SS, Stoeger T, Vogel U. Nanomaterial- and shape-dependency of TLR2 and TLR4 mediated signaling following pulmonary exposure to carbonaceous nanomaterials in mice. Part Fibre Toxicol 2021; 18:40. [PMID: 34717665 PMCID: PMC8557558 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-021-00432-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary exposure to high doses of engineered carbonaceous nanomaterials (NMs) is known to trigger inflammation in the lungs paralleled by an acute phase response. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), particularly TLR2 and TLR4, have recently been discussed as potential NM-sensors, initiating inflammation. Using Tlr2 and Tlr4 knock out (KO) mice, we addressed this hypothesis and compared the pattern of inflammation in lung and acute phase response in lung and liver 24 h after intratracheal instillation of three differently shaped carbonaceous NMs, spherical carbon black (CB), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT), graphene oxide (GO) plates and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as positive control.
Results The LPS control confirmed a distinct TLR4-dependency as well as a pronounced contribution of TLR2 by reducing the levels of pulmonary inflammation to 30 and 60% of levels in wild type (WT) mice. At the doses chosen, all NM caused comparable neutrophil influxes into the lungs of WT mice, and reduced levels were only detected for GO-exposed Tlr2 KO mice (35%) and for CNT-exposed Tlr4 KO mice (65%). LPS-induced gene expression was strongly TLR4-dependent. CB-induced gene expression was unaffected by TLR status. Both GO and MWCNT-induced Saa1 expression was TLR4-dependent. GO-induced expression of Cxcl2, Cxcl5, Saa1 and Saa3 were TLR2-dependent. NM-mediated hepatic acute phase response in terms of liver gene expression of Saa1 and Lcn2 was shown to depend on TLR2 for all three NMs. TLR4, in contrast, was only relevant for the acute phase response caused by CNTs, and as expected by LPS. Conclusion TLR2 and TLR4 signaling was not involved in the acute inflammatory response caused by CB exposure, but contributed considerably to that of GO and CNTs, respectively. The strong involvement of TLR2 in the hepatic acute phase response caused by pulmonary exposure to all three NMs deserves further investigations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-021-00432-z.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sarah Søs Poulsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tobias Stoeger
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC)/Institute of Lung Biology and Disease (ILBD) Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,DTU Food, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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15
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Lotfipanah S, Yaghmaei P, Zeinali M, Haeri Rohani SA, Kabodanian Ardestani S. Evaluation of TNF Family Gene Expression under the Influence of Single-Walled and Multi-Walled Carboxylated Carbon Nanotubes in Jurkat Cell Line and Rat. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 19:e2717. [PMID: 34435060 PMCID: PMC8358176 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2021.2717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Nanomaterials, e.g.carbon nanotubes (CNTs), have broad usage in medicine for diagnosis, treatment, and drug delivery. Prior to the widespread use of CNTs, any potential toxicity
issues must be considered. Apoptosis is an important issue in toxicological studies, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family members execute crucial roles in apoptosis and inflammation.
We examined the survival of Jurkat cells under the influence of single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) and multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) as well as their impacts on the mRNA levels of
TNF family transcripts in Jurkat cells and rats. Objective: To evaluate the toxicity or safety of a specific concentration and form of CNT on the expression of one of the gene families of the apoptotic pathway. Materials and Methods: Jurkat cells were exposed to SWCNTs and MWCNTs in carboxylated form (SWCNTS-COOH and MWCNTs-COOH). MTT assay assessed the cell survival, and using qRT-PCR, the expression
levels of TNF, CD40LG, TNFSF10, TNFSF8, CD40, TNFRSF10A, TNFRSF10B,
TNFRSF11B, TNFRSF1A, TNFRSF21, TNFRSF25, and TNFRSF9 were examined. The housekeeping genes β-actin and
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase was utilized for normalization. We also evaluated the expression levels of TNF and TNFRSF10A in rats in vivo 30 and 60 days after being injected with CNTs. Results: After 72 h of carboxylated CNTs at 100 µg. mL-1, no significant change was observed in the survival rate of treated Jurkat cells. The expression of two genes
(TNF and TNFRSF10A) changed significantly. Examining the expression profiles of these two genes in rats demonstrated an insignificant change in the expression of any
of these genes after 30 and 60 days. The qRT-PCR analysis exhibited the elevated levels of TNF and TNFRSF10A mRNA in the CNT-treated cells, while expression of other TNF family
members did not significantly differ from control (untreated) Jurkat cells. There was also no significant change in the gene expression levels of TNF and TNFRSF10A in CNT-treated rats after 30 and 60 days. Conclusions: Administration of SWCNTs-COOH and MWCNTs-COOH could result in the up-regulation of TNF and TNFRSF10A but did not initiate apoptosis in Jurkat cells.
Carboxylated SWCNTs showed more potent activity than MWCNTs in activating TNF gene expression and probably trigger cell death through external apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Lotfipanah
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parichehreh Yaghmaei
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Zeinali
- Biotechnology Research Center, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Haeri Rohani
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Di Ianni E, Erdem JS, Møller P, Sahlgren NM, Poulsen SS, Knudsen KB, Zienolddiny S, Saber AT, Wallin H, Vogel U, Jacobsen NR. In vitro-in vivo correlations of pulmonary inflammogenicity and genotoxicity of MWCNT. Part Fibre Toxicol 2021; 18:25. [PMID: 34301283 PMCID: PMC8299626 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-021-00413-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) have received attention due to extraordinary properties, resulting in concerns for occupational health and safety. Costs and ethical concerns of animal testing drive a need for in vitro models with predictive power in respiratory toxicity. The aim of this study was to assess pro-inflammatory response (Interleukin-8 expression, IL-8) and genotoxicity (DNA strand breaks) caused by MWCNT with different physicochemical properties in different pulmonary cell models and correlate these to previously published in vivo data. Seven MWCNT were selected; two long/thick (NRCWE-006/Mitsui-7 and NM-401), two short/thin (NM-400 and NM-403), a pristine (NRCWE-040) and two surface modified; hydroxylated (NRCWE-041) and carboxylated (NRCWE-042). Carbon black Printex90 (CB) was included as benchmark material. Human alveolar epithelial cells (A549) and monocyte-derived macrophages (THP-1a) were exposed to nanomaterials (NM) in submerged conditions, and two materials (NM-400 and NM-401) in co-cultures of A549/THP-1a and lung fibroblasts (WI-38) in an air-liquid interface (ALI) system. Effective doses were quantified by thermo-gravimetric-mass spectrometry analysis (TGA-MS). To compare genotoxicity in vitro and in vivo, we developed a scoring system based on a categorization of effects into standard deviation (SD) units (< 1, 1, 2, 3 or 4 standard deviation increases) for the increasing genotoxicity. Results Effective doses were shown to be 25 to 53%, and 21 to 57% of the doses administered to A549 and THP-1a, respectively. In submerged conditions (A549 and THP-1a cells), all NM induced dose-dependent IL-8 expression. NM-401 and NRCWE-006 caused the strongest pro-inflammatory response. In the ALI-exposed co-culture, only NM-401 caused increased IL-8 expression, and no DNA strand breaks were observed. Strong correlations were found between in vitro and in vivo inflammation when doses were normalized by surface area (also proxy for diameter and length). Significantly increased DNA damage was found for all MWCNT in THP-1a cells, and for short MWCNT in A549 cells. A concordance in genotoxicity of 83% was obtained between THP-1a cells and broncho-alveolar lavaged (BAL) cells. Conclusion This study shows correlations of pro-inflammatory potential in A549 and THP-1a cells with neutrophil influx in mice, and concordance in genotoxic response between THP-1a cells and BAL cells, for seven MWCNT. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-021-00413-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Di Ianni
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Sarah Søs Poulsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristina Bram Knudsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Evaxion Biotech, DK-1260, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Anne Thoustrup Saber
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Håkan Wallin
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,DTU Food, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nicklas Raun Jacobsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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17
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Wils RS, Jacobsen NR, Vogel U, Roursgaard M, Møller P. Inflammatory response, reactive oxygen species production and DNA damage in mice after intrapleural exposure to carbon nanotubes. Toxicol Sci 2021; 183:184-194. [PMID: 34086969 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are speculated to cause mesothelioma by persistent inflammation, oxidative stress, tissue injury and genotoxicity. To investigate pleural response to CNTs, we exposed C57BL/6 mice by intrapleural injection of 0.2 or 5 µg multi-walled CNTs (MWCNT-7, NM-401 and NM-403) or single-walled CNTs (NM-411). Inflammatory response, cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of pleural lavage cells and genotoxicity in cells from the mesothelial surface were assessed at day 1 and 90 after the exposure. Long and rigid types of MWCNTs (MWCNT-7 and NM-401) caused acute inflammation, characterized by influx of macrophages, neutrophils and eosinophils into the pleural cavity. The inflammation was still evident at 90 days after the exposure, although it had reduced dramatically. The cellular ROS production was increased at day 90 after the exposure to MWCNT-7 and NM-401. The short and tangled type of MWCNT (i.e. NM-403) did not cause pleural inflammation or ROS production in pleural fluid cells. The exposure to NM-411 did not cause consistent inflammation responses or cellular ROS production. Levels of DNA strand breaks and DNA oxidation damage were unaltered, except for NM-411-exposed mice that had increased level of DNA strand breaks at 90 days after the exposure. In conclusion, the long and rigid CNTs caused prolonged inflammatory response and increased ROS production in pleural lavage cells, yet it was not reflected in higher levels of DNA damage in pleural tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regitze Sølling Wils
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark.,The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Nicklas Raun Jacobsen
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Ulla Vogel
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,Department of Health Tech, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Martin Roursgaard
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
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18
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Wils RS, Jacobsen NR, Di Ianni E, Roursgaard M, Møller P. Reactive oxygen species production, genotoxicity and telomere length in FE1-Muta™Mouse lung epithelial cells exposed to carbon nanotubes. Nanotoxicology 2021; 15:661-672. [PMID: 33899660 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2021.1910359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are fiber-like nanomaterials, which are used in various applications with possible exposure to humans. The genotoxicity and carcinogenic potential of CNTs remain to be fully understood. This study assessed the genotoxicity of three different multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) (MWCNT-7, NM-401 and NM-403) and one single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) (NM-411) in FE1-Muta™Mouse lung epithelial (MML) cells using the alkaline comet assay. With the 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate fluorescent probe, we assessed the effect of CNT-exposure on the intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We measured the effect of a 10-week CNT exposure on telomere length using quantitative PCR. Two of the included MWCNTs (NM-401 and MWCNT-7) and the SWCNT (NM-411) caused a significant increase in the level of DNA damage at concentrations up to 40 µg/ml (all concentrations pooled, p < 0.05), but no concentration-response relationships were found. All of the CNTs caused an increase in intracellular ROS production compared to unexposed cells (ptrend < 0.05). Results from the long-term exposure showed longer telomere length in cells exposed to MWCNTs compared to unexposed cells (p < 0.01). In conclusion, our results indicated that the included CNTs cause ROS production and DNA strand breaks in FE1-MML cells. Moreover, the MWCNTs, but not the SWCNT, had an impact on telomere length in a long-term exposure scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regitze Sølling Wils
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark.,The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | | | - Emilio Di Ianni
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Martin Roursgaard
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Peter Møller
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
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19
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Jagiello K, Halappanavar S, Rybińska-Fryca A, Willliams A, Vogel U, Puzyn T. Transcriptomics-Based and AOP-Informed Structure-Activity Relationships to Predict Pulmonary Pathology Induced by Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2003465. [PMID: 33502096 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202003465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a novel strategy that employs quantitative structure-activity relationship models for nanomaterials (Nano-QSAR) for predicting transcriptomic pathway level response using lung tissue inflammation, an essential key event (KEs) in the existing adverse outcome pathway (AOP) for lung fibrosis, as a model response. Transcriptomic profiles of mouse lungs exposed to ten different multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are analyzed using statistical and bioinformatics tools. Three pathways "agranulocyte adhesion and diapedesis," "granulocyte adhesion and diapedesis," and "acute phase signaling," that (1) are commonly perturbed across the MWCNTs panel, (2) show dose response (Benchmark dose, BMDs), and (3) are anchored to the KEs identified in the lung fibrosis AOP, are considered in modelling. The three pathways are associated with tissue inflammation. The results show that the aspect ratio (κ) of MWCNTs is directly correlated with the pathway BMDs. The study establishes a methodology for QSAR construction based on canonical pathways and proposes a MWCNTs grouping strategy based on the κ-values of the specific pathway associated genes. Finally, the study shows how the AOP framework can help guide QSAR modelling efforts; conversely, the outcome of the QSAR modelling can aid in refining certain aspects of the AOP in question (here, lung fibrosis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Jagiello
- QSAR Lab Ltd., Aleja Grunwaldzka 190/102, Gdansk, 80-266, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdansk, 80-308, Poland
| | - Sabina Halappanavar
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 9A7, Canada
| | | | - Andrew Willliams
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Ulla Vogel
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Tomasz Puzyn
- QSAR Lab Ltd., Aleja Grunwaldzka 190/102, Gdansk, 80-266, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdansk, 80-308, Poland
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20
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Tao S, Xu Y, Chen M, Zhang H, Huang X, Li Z, Pan B, Peng R, Zhu Y, Kan H, Li W, Ying Z. Exposure to different fractions of diesel exhaust PM 2.5 induces different levels of pulmonary inflammation and acute phase response. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 210:111871. [PMID: 33422840 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM Ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) consists of various components, and their respective contributions to the toxicity of PM2.5 remains to be determined. To provide specific recommendations for preventing adverse effects due to PM2.5 pollution, we determined whether the induction of pulmonary inflammation, the putative pathogenesis for the morbidity and mortality due to PM2.5 exposure, was fractioned through solubility-dependent fractioning. METHODS In the present study, the water and heptane solubilities-dependent serial fractioning of diesel exhaust particulate matter (DEP), a prominent source of urban PM2.5 pollution, was performed. The pro-inflammatory actions of these resultant fractions were then determined using both an intratracheal instillation mouse model and cultured BEAS-2B cells, a human bronchial epithelial cell line. RESULTS Instillation of the water-insoluble, but not -soluble fraction elicited significant pulmonary inflammatory and acute phase responses, comparable to those induced by instillation of DEP. The water-insoluble fraction was further fractioned using heptane, a polar organic solvent, and instillation of heptane-insoluble, but not -soluble fraction elicited significant pulmonary inflammation and acute phase responses. Furthermore, we showed that DEP and water-insoluble DEP, but not water-soluble DEP, activated pro-inflammatory signaling in cultured BEAS-2B cells, ruling out the possibility that the solubility impacts the in vivo distribution and thus the pulmonary inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Tao
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yanyi Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Minjie Chen
- Department of Medicine Cardiology Division, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Haichang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science & Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Xingke Huang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Zhouzhou Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Bin Pan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Renzhen Peng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yaning Zhu
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China.
| | - Haidong Kan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Weihua Li
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Zhekang Ying
- Department of Medicine Cardiology Division, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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21
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Saarimäki LA, Federico A, Lynch I, Papadiamantis AG, Tsoumanis A, Melagraki G, Afantitis A, Serra A, Greco D. Manually curated transcriptomics data collection for toxicogenomic assessment of engineered nanomaterials. Sci Data 2021; 8:49. [PMID: 33558569 PMCID: PMC7870661 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-021-00808-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxicogenomics (TGx) approaches are increasingly applied to gain insight into the possible toxicity mechanisms of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). Omics data can be valuable to elucidate the mechanism of action of chemicals and to develop predictive models in toxicology. While vast amounts of transcriptomics data from ENM exposures have already been accumulated, a unified, easily accessible and reusable collection of transcriptomics data for ENMs is currently lacking. In an attempt to improve the FAIRness of already existing transcriptomics data for ENMs, we curated a collection of homogenized transcriptomics data from human, mouse and rat ENM exposures in vitro and in vivo including the physicochemical characteristics of the ENMs used in each study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Aliisa Saarimäki
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- BioMediTech Institute, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Antonio Federico
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- BioMediTech Institute, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anastasios G Papadiamantis
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- NovaMechanics Ltd, P.O Box 26014 1666, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | | | | - Angela Serra
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- BioMediTech Institute, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Dario Greco
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
- BioMediTech Institute, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Finnish Centre for Alternative Methods (FICAM), Faculty of Medicine and Heath Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
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22
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Boyadzhiev A, Avramescu ML, Wu D, Williams A, Rasmussen P, Halappanavar S. Impact of copper oxide particle dissolution on lung epithelial cell toxicity: response characterization using global transcriptional analysis. Nanotoxicology 2021; 15:380-399. [PMID: 33507836 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2021.1872114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro and in vivo toxicity of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) is attributed to both particle and dissolved copper ion species. However, a clear understanding of (1) the specific cellular responses that are modulated by the two species and (2) the temporal dynamics in toxicity, as the proportional amount of particulate and ionic forms change over time, is lacking. In the current study, in vitro responses to microparticulate CuO (CuO MPs), CuO NPs, and dissolved Cu2+ were characterized in order to elucidate particle and ion-induced kinetic effects. Particle dissolution experiments were carried out in a relevant cell culture medium, using CuO NPs and MPs. Mouse lung epithelial cells were exposed for 2-48 h with 1-25 µg/mL CuO MPs, CuO NPs, or 7 and 54 µg/mL CuCl2. Cellular viability and genome-wide transcriptional responses were assessed. Dose and time-dependent cytotoxicity were observed in CuO NP exposed cells, which was delayed and subtle in CuCl2 and not observed in CuO MPs treated cells. Analyses of differentially expressed genes and associated pathway perturbations showed that dissolved ions released by CuO NPs in the extracellular medium are insufficient to account for the observed potency and cytotoxicity. Further organization of gene expression results in an Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework revealed a series of key events potentially involved in CuO NPs toxicity. The AOP is applicable to toxicity induced by metal oxide nanoparticles of varying solubility, and thus, can facilitate the development of in vitro alternative strategies to screen their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Boyadzhiev
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Dongmei Wu
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Andrew Williams
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Pat Rasmussen
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada.,Earth and Environmental Sciences Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Sabina Halappanavar
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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23
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Kokot H, Kokot B, Sebastijanović A, Voss C, Podlipec R, Zawilska P, Berthing T, Ballester-López C, Danielsen PH, Contini C, Ivanov M, Krišelj A, Čotar P, Zhou Q, Ponti J, Zhernovkov V, Schneemilch M, Doumandji Z, Pušnik M, Umek P, Pajk S, Joubert O, Schmid O, Urbančič I, Irmler M, Beckers J, Lobaskin V, Halappanavar S, Quirke N, Lyubartsev AP, Vogel U, Koklič T, Stoeger T, Štrancar J. Prediction of Chronic Inflammation for Inhaled Particles: the Impact of Material Cycling and Quarantining in the Lung Epithelium. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2003913. [PMID: 33073368 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
On a daily basis, people are exposed to a multitude of health-hazardous airborne particulate matter with notable deposition in the fragile alveolar region of the lungs. Hence, there is a great need for identification and prediction of material-associated diseases, currently hindered due to the lack of in-depth understanding of causal relationships, in particular between acute exposures and chronic symptoms. By applying advanced microscopies and omics to in vitro and in vivo systems, together with in silico molecular modeling, it is determined herein that the long-lasting response to a single exposure can originate from the interplay between the newly discovered nanomaterial quarantining and nanomaterial cycling between different lung cell types. This new insight finally allows prediction of the spectrum of lung inflammation associated with materials of interest using only in vitro measurements and in silico modeling, potentially relating outcomes to material properties for a large number of materials, and thus boosting safe-by-design-based material development. Because of its profound implications for animal-free predictive toxicology, this work paves the way to a more efficient and hazard-free introduction of numerous new advanced materials into our lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Kokot
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Boštjan Kokot
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Maribor, 2000, Slovenia
| | - Aleksandar Sebastijanović
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Carola Voss
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rok Podlipec
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
- Ion Beam Center, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Patrycja Zawilska
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Trine Berthing
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, 2100, Denmark
| | | | | | - Claudia Contini
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Mikhail Ivanov
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Ana Krišelj
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Petra Čotar
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Qiaoxia Zhou
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jessica Ponti
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, 21027, Italy
| | - Vadim Zhernovkov
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Matthew Schneemilch
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Zahra Doumandji
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR CNRS 7198, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IJL, Nancy, F-54000, France
| | - Mojca Pušnik
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Polona Umek
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Stane Pajk
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Olivier Joubert
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR CNRS 7198, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IJL, Nancy, F-54000, France
| | - Otmar Schmid
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Iztok Urbančič
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Martin Irmler
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences, Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Vladimir Lobaskin
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Sabina Halappanavar
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, K1Y 0M1, Canada
| | - Nick Quirke
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Alexander P Lyubartsev
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, 2100, Denmark
| | - Tilen Koklič
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Tobias Stoeger
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Janez Štrancar
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
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24
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Rahman L, Williams A, Gelda K, Nikota J, Wu D, Vogel U, Halappanavar S. 21st Century Tools for Nanotoxicology: Transcriptomic Biomarker Panel and Precision-Cut Lung Slice Organ Mimic System for the Assessment of Nanomaterial-Induced Lung Fibrosis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2000272. [PMID: 32347014 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202000272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for reliable toxicity assays to support the human health risk assessment of an ever increasing number of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). Animal testing is not a suitable option for ENMs. Sensitive in vitro models and mechanism-based targeted in vitro assays that enable accurate prediction of in vivo responses are not yet available. In this proof-of-principle study, publicly available mouse lung transcriptomics data from studies investigating xenobiotic-induced lung diseases are used and a 17-gene biomarker panel (PFS17) applicable to the assessment of lung fibrosis is developed. The PFS17 is validated using a limited number of in vivo mouse lung transcriptomics datasets from studies investigating ENM-induced responses. In addition, an ex vivo precision-cut lung slice (PCLS) model is optimized for screening of potentially inflammogenic and pro-fibrotic ENMs. Using bleomycin and a multiwalled carbon nanotube, the practical application of the PCLS method as a sensitive alternative to whole animal tests to screen ENMs that may potentially induce inhalation toxicity is shown. Conditional to further optimization and validation, it is established that a combination of PFS17 and the ex vivo PCLS method will serve as a robust and sensitive approach to assess lung inflammation and fibrosis induced by ENMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Rahman
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Sir Frederick G Banting Research Centre, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Building 22, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Andrew Williams
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Sir Frederick G Banting Research Centre, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Building 22, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Krishna Gelda
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Sir Frederick G Banting Research Centre, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Building 22, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Jake Nikota
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Sir Frederick G Banting Research Centre, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Building 22, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Sir Frederick G Banting Research Centre, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Building 22, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Building 101A 2800 Copenhagen, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sabina Halappanavar
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Sir Frederick G Banting Research Centre, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Building 22, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
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25
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Di Ianni E, Møller P, Mortensen A, Szarek J, Clausen PA, Saber AT, Vogel U, Jacobsen NR. Organomodified nanoclays induce less inflammation, acute phase response, and genotoxicity than pristine nanoclays in mice lungs. Nanotoxicology 2020; 14:869-892. [PMID: 32536294 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2020.1771786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Surface modification by different quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) makes nanoclays more compatible with various polymeric matrices, thereby expanding their potential applications. The growing industrial use of nanoclays could potentially pose a health risk for workers. Here, we assessed how surface modification of nanoclays modulates their pulmonary toxicity. An in vitro screening of the unmodified nanoclay Bentonite (montmorillonite) and four organomodified nanoclays (ONC); coated with various QAC, including benzalkonium chloride (BAC), guided the selection of the materials for the in vivo study. Mice were exposed via a single intratracheal instillation to 18, 54, and 162 µg of unmodified Bentonite or dialkyldimethyl-ammonium-coated ONC (NanofilSE3000), or to 6, 18, and 54 µg of a BAC-coated ONC (Nanofil9), and followed for one, 3, or 28 days. All materials induced dose- and time-dependent responses in the exposed mice. However, all doses of Bentonite induced larger, but reversible, inflammation (BAL neutrophils) and acute phase response (Saa3 gene expression in lung) than the two ONC. Similarly, highest levels of DNA strand breaks were found in BAL cells of mice exposed to Bentonite 1 day post-exposure. A significant increase of DNA strand breaks was detected also for NanofilSE3000, 3 days post-exposure. Only mice exposed to Bentonite showed increased Tgf-β gene expression in lung, biomarker of pro-fibrotic processes and hepatic extravasation, 3 days post-exposure. This study indicates that Bentonite treatment with some QAC changes main physical-chemical properties, including shape and surface area, and may decrease their pulmonary toxicity in exposed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Di Ianni
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alicja Mortensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Józef Szarek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary Medicine and Administration, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Per Axel Clausen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, DTU, Lyngby, Denmark
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26
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Hadrup N, Zhernovkov V, Jacobsen NR, Voss C, Strunz M, Ansari M, Schiller HB, Halappanavar S, Poulsen SS, Kholodenko B, Stoeger T, Saber AT, Vogel U. Acute Phase Response as a Biological Mechanism-of-Action of (Nano)particle-Induced Cardiovascular Disease. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1907476. [PMID: 32227434 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201907476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Inhaled nanoparticles constitute a potential health hazard due to their size-dependent lung deposition and large surface to mass ratio. Exposure to high levels contributes to the risk of developing respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, as well as of lung cancer. Particle-induced acute phase response may be an important mechanism of action of particle-induced cardiovascular disease. Here, the authors review new important scientific evidence showing causal relationships between inhalation of particle and nanomaterials, induction of acute phase response, and risk of cardiovascular disease. Particle-induced acute phase response provides a means for risk assessment of particle-induced cardiovascular disease and underscores cardiovascular disease as an occupational disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Hadrup
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Vadim Zhernovkov
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | | | - Carola Voss
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC)/Institute of Lung Biology and Disease (ILBD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Neuherberg, D-85764, Germany
| | - Maximilian Strunz
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC)/Institute of Lung Biology and Disease (ILBD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Neuherberg, D-85764, Germany
| | - Meshal Ansari
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC)/Institute of Lung Biology and Disease (ILBD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Neuherberg, D-85764, Germany
| | - Herbert B Schiller
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC)/Institute of Lung Biology and Disease (ILBD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Neuherberg, D-85764, Germany
| | - Sabina Halappanavar
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Sarah S Poulsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Boris Kholodenko
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Tobias Stoeger
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC)/Institute of Lung Biology and Disease (ILBD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Neuherberg, D-85764, Germany
| | - Anne Thoustrup Saber
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
- DTU Health, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
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27
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Transcriptomics in Toxicogenomics, Part I: Experimental Design, Technologies, Publicly Available Data, and Regulatory Aspects. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10040750. [PMID: 32326418 PMCID: PMC7221878 DOI: 10.3390/nano10040750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The starting point of successful hazard assessment is the generation of unbiased and trustworthy data. Conventional toxicity testing deals with extensive observations of phenotypic endpoints in vivo and complementing in vitro models. The increasing development of novel materials and chemical compounds dictates the need for a better understanding of the molecular changes occurring in exposed biological systems. Transcriptomics enables the exploration of organisms' responses to environmental, chemical, and physical agents by observing the molecular alterations in more detail. Toxicogenomics integrates classical toxicology with omics assays, thus allowing the characterization of the mechanism of action (MOA) of chemical compounds, novel small molecules, and engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). Lack of standardization in data generation and analysis currently hampers the full exploitation of toxicogenomics-based evidence in risk assessment. To fill this gap, TGx methods need to take into account appropriate experimental design and possible pitfalls in the transcriptomic analyses as well as data generation and sharing that adhere to the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) principles. In this review, we summarize the recent advancements in the design and analysis of DNA microarray, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), and single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq) data. We provide guidelines on exposure time, dose and complex endpoint selection, sample quality considerations and sample randomization. Furthermore, we summarize publicly available data resources and highlight applications of TGx data to understand and predict chemical toxicity potential. Additionally, we discuss the efforts to implement TGx into regulatory decision making to promote alternative methods for risk assessment and to support the 3R (reduction, refinement, and replacement) concept. This review is the first part of a three-article series on Transcriptomics in Toxicogenomics. These initial considerations on Experimental Design, Technologies, Publicly Available Data, Regulatory Aspects, are the starting point for further rigorous and reliable data preprocessing and modeling, described in the second and third part of the review series.
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28
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Ventura C, Pereira JFS, Matos P, Marques B, Jordan P, Sousa-Uva A, Silva MJ. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of MWCNT-7 and crocidolite: assessment in alveolar epithelial cells versus their coculture with monocyte-derived macrophages. Nanotoxicology 2020; 14:479-503. [PMID: 32046553 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2019.1695975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the past years, several in vitro studies have addressed the pulmonary toxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and compared it with that caused by asbestos fibers, but their conclusions have been somewhat inconsistent and difficult to extrapolate to in vivo. Since cell coculture models were proposed to better represent the in vivo conditions than conventional monocultures, this work intended to compare the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of MWCNT-7 (Mitsui-7) and crocidolite using A549 cells grown in a conventional monoculture or in coculture with THP-1 macrophages. Although a decrease in A549 viability was noted following exposure to a concentration range of MWCNT-7 and crocidolite, no viability change occurred in similarly exposed cocultures. Early events indicating epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) were observed which could explain apoptosis resistance. The comet assay results were similar between the two models, being positive and negative for crocidolite and MWCNT-7, respectively. An increase in the micronucleus frequency was detected in the cocultured A549-treated cells with both materials, but not in the monoculture. On the other hand, exposure of A549 monocultures to MWCNT-7 induced a highly significant increase in nucleoplasmic bridges in which those were found embedded. Our overall results demonstrate that (i) both materials are cytotoxic and genotoxic, (ii) the presence of THP-1 macrophages upholds the viability of A549 cells and increases the aneugenic/clastogenic effects of both materials probably through EMT, and (iii) MWCNT-7 induces the formation of nucleoplasmic bridges in A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Ventura
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, National School of Public Health, NOVA University of Lisbon (UNL), Lisbon, Portugal.,Center for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), NOVA Medical School-FCM, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana F S Pereira
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal.,BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paulo Matos
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal.,BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Marques
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Peter Jordan
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal.,BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - António Sousa-Uva
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, National School of Public Health, NOVA University of Lisbon (UNL), Lisbon, Portugal.,CISP - Public Health Research Center, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria João Silva
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal.,Center for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), NOVA Medical School-FCM, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
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29
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Toxic and Genomic Influences of Inhaled Nanomaterials as a Basis for Predicting Adverse Outcome. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2019; 15:S91-S97. [PMID: 29676641 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201706-478mg] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An immense variety of different types of engineered nanomaterials are currently being developed and increasingly applied to consumer products. Importantly, engineered nanomaterials may pose unexplored adverse health effects because of their small size. Particularly in occupational settings, the dustiness of certain engineered nanomaterials involves risk of inhalation and influences on lung function. These facts call for quick and cost-effective safety testing practices, such as that obtained through multiparametric high-throughput screening using cultured human lung cells. The predictive value of such in vitro-based testing depends partly on the effectiveness of coverage of the mechanisms underlying toxicity effects. The concept of adverse outcome pathways covers the array of causative effects starting from a molecular initiating event via cellular-, organ-, individual-, and population-level effects. Screening for adverse outcome pathway-related effects that drive the eventual toxic outcome provides a good basis for developing predictive testing methods and data-driven integrated testing strategies for hazard and risk assessment. Temporal and inherited genomic changes are likely to drive many adverse responses to engineered nanomaterials, such as multiwalled carbon nanotubes, of which one specific form has recently been evaluated as possibly carcinogenic. Here, we briefly describe current state-of-the-art strategies for analyzing and understanding genomic influences of engineered nanomaterial exposure, including the selected focus on lung disease, and strategies for using mechanistic knowledge to predict and prevent adverse outcome.
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30
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Kabadi PK, Rodd AL, Simmons AE, Messier NJ, Hurt RH, Kane AB. A novel human 3D lung microtissue model for nanoparticle-induced cell-matrix alterations. Part Fibre Toxicol 2019; 16:15. [PMID: 30943996 PMCID: PMC6448215 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-019-0298-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) have been shown to elicit the release of inflammatory and pro-fibrotic mediators, as well as histopathological changes in lungs of exposed animals. Current standards for testing MWCNTs and other nanoparticles (NPs) rely on low-throughput in vivo studies to assess acute and chronic toxicity and potential hazard to humans. Several alternative testing approaches utilizing two-dimensional (2D) in vitro assays to screen engineered NPs have reported conflicting results between in vitro and in vivo assays. Compared to conventional 2D in vitro or in vivo animal model systems, three-dimensional (3D) in vitro platforms have been shown to more closely recapitulate human physiology, providing a relevant, more efficient strategy for evaluating acute toxicity and chronic outcomes in a tiered nanomaterial toxicity testing paradigm. RESULTS As inhalation is an important route of nanomaterial exposure, human lung fibroblasts and epithelial cells were co-cultured with macrophages to form scaffold-free 3D lung microtissues. Microtissues were exposed to multi-walled carbon nanotubes, M120 carbon black nanoparticles or crocidolite asbestos fibers for 4 or 7 days, then collected for characterization of microtissue viability, tissue morphology, and expression of genes and selected proteins associated with inflammation and extracellular matrix remodeling. Our data demonstrate the utility of 3D microtissues in predicting chronic pulmonary endpoints following exposure to MWCNTs or asbestos fibers. These test nanomaterials were incorporated into 3D human lung microtissues as visualized using light microscopy. Differential expression of genes involved in acute inflammation and extracellular matrix remodeling was detected using PCR arrays and confirmed using qRT-PCR analysis and Luminex assays of selected genes and proteins. CONCLUSION 3D lung microtissues provide an alternative testing platform for assessing nanomaterial-induced cell-matrix alterations and delineation of toxicity pathways, moving towards a more predictive and physiologically relevant approach for in vitro NP toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranita K Kabadi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912, USA.,AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - April L Rodd
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912, USA.
| | - Alysha E Simmons
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912, USA
| | - Norma J Messier
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912, USA
| | - Robert H Hurt
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912, USA
| | - Agnes B Kane
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912, USA.
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31
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Pampaloni NP, Giugliano M, Scaini D, Ballerini L, Rauti R. Advances in Nano Neuroscience: From Nanomaterials to Nanotools. Front Neurosci 2019; 12:953. [PMID: 30697140 PMCID: PMC6341218 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, neuroscientists have increasingly exploited a variety of artificial, de-novo synthesized materials with controlled nano-sized features. For instance, a renewed interest in the development of prostheses or neural interfaces was driven by the availability of novel nanomaterials that enabled the fabrication of implantable bioelectronics interfaces with reduced side effects and increased integration with the target biological tissue. The peculiar physical-chemical properties of nanomaterials have also contributed to the engineering of novel imaging devices toward sophisticated experimental settings, to smart fabricated scaffolds and microelectrodes, or other tools ultimately aimed at a better understanding of neural tissue functions. In this review, we focus on nanomaterials and specifically on carbon-based nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene. While these materials raise potential safety concerns, they represent a tremendous technological opportunity for the restoration of neuronal functions. We then describe nanotools such as nanowires and nano-modified MEA for high-performance electrophysiological recording and stimulation of neuronal electrical activity. We finally focus on the fabrication of three-dimensional synthetic nanostructures, used as substrates to interface biological cells and tissues in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michele Giugliano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute Born-Bunge, Molecular, Cellular, and Network Excitability, Universiteit Antwerpen, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Denis Scaini
- Neuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
- ELETTRA Synchrotron Light Source, Nanoinnovation Lab, Trieste, Italy
| | - Laura Ballerini
- Neuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Rossana Rauti
- Neuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
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32
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Hadrup N, Bengtson S, Jacobsen NR, Jackson P, Nocun M, Saber AT, Jensen KA, Wallin H, Vogel U. Influence of dispersion medium on nanomaterial-induced pulmonary inflammation and DNA strand breaks: investigation of carbon black, carbon nanotubes and three titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Mutagenesis 2018; 32:581-597. [PMID: 29301028 PMCID: PMC5907907 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gex042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intratracheal instillation serves as a model for inhalation exposure. However, for this, materials are dispersed in appropriate media that may influence toxicity. We tested whether different intratracheal instillation dispersion media influence the pulmonary toxicity of different nanomaterials. Rodents were intratracheally instilled with 162 µg/mouse/1620 µg/rat carbon black (CB), 67 µg/mouse titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2) or 54 µg/mouse carbon nanotubes (CNT). The dispersion media were as follows: water (CB, TiO2); 2% serum in water (CB, CNT, TiO2); 0.05% serum albumin in water (CB, CNT, TiO2); 10% bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in 0.9% NaCl (CB), 10% bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid in water (CB) or 0.1% Tween-80 in water (CB). Inflammation was measured as pulmonary influx of neutrophils into bronchoalveolar fluid, and DNA damage as DNA strand breaks in BAL cells by comet assay. Inflammation was observed for all nanomaterials (except 38-nm TiO2) in all dispersion media. For CB, inflammation was dispersion medium dependent. Increased levels of DNA strand breaks for CB were observed only in water, 2% serum and 10% BAL fluid in 0.9% NaCl. No dispersion medium-dependent effects on genotoxicity were observed for TiO2, whereas CNT in 2% serum induced higher DNA strand break levels than in 0.05% serum albumin. In conclusion, the dispersion medium was a determinant of CB-induced inflammation and genotoxicity. Water seemed to be the best dispersion medium to mimic CB inhalation, exhibiting DNA strand breaks with only limited inflammation. The influence of dispersion media on nanomaterial toxicity should be considered in the planning of intratracheal investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Hadrup
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé, DK Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefan Bengtson
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé, DK Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicklas R Jacobsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé, DK Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Petra Jackson
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé, DK Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marek Nocun
- Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anne T Saber
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé, DK Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Keld A Jensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé, DK Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Håkan Wallin
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé, DK Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biological and Chemical Work Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, Gydas vei, Majorstuen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé, DK Copenhagen, Denmark
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33
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The Yin and Yang of carbon nanomaterials in atherosclerosis. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:2232-2247. [PMID: 30342084 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With unique characteristics such as high surface area, capacity of various functionalization, low weight, high conductivity, thermal and chemical stability, and free radical scavenging, carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), fullerene, graphene (oxide), carbon nanohorns (CNHs), and their derivatives have increasingly been utilized in nanomedicine and biomedicine. On the one hand, owing to ever-increasing applications of CNMs in technological and industrial fields as well as presence of combustion-derived CNMs in the ambient air, the skepticism has risen over the adverse effects of CNMs on human being. The influences of CNMs on cardiovascular system and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as atherosclerosis, of which consequences are ischemic heart disease and ischemic stroke, as the main causes of death, is of paramount importance. In this regard, several studies have been devoted to specify the biomedical applications and cardiovascular toxicity of CNMs. Therefore, the aim of this review is to specify the roles and applications of various CNMs in atherosclerosis, and also identify the key role playing parameters in cardiovascular toxicity of CNMs so as to be a clue for prospective deployment of CNMs.
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34
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Deng S, Jia PP, Zhang JH, Junaid M, Niu A, Ma YB, Fu A, Pei DS. Transcriptomic response and perturbation of toxicity pathways in zebrafish larvae after exposure to graphene quantum dots (GQDs). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 357:146-158. [PMID: 29883909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are widely used for biomedical applications. Previously, the low-level toxicity of GQDs in vivo and in vitro has been elucidated, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remained largely unknown. Here, we employed the Illumina high-throughput RNA-sequencing to explore the whole-transcriptome profiling of zebrafish larvae after exposure to GQDs. Comparative transcriptome analysis identified 2116 differentially expressed genes between GQDs exposed groups and control. Functional classification demonstrated that a large proportion of genes involved in acute inflammatory responses and detoxifying process were significantly up-regulated by GQDs. The inferred gene regulatory network suggested that activator protein 1 (AP-1) was the early-response transcription factor in the linkage of a cascade of downstream (pro-) inflammatory signals with the apoptosis signals. Moreover, hierarchical signaling threshold determined the high sensitivity of complement system in zebrafish when exposed to the sublethal dose of GQDs. Further, 35 candidate genes from various signaling pathways were further validated by qPCR after exposure to 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL of GQDs. Taken together, our study provided a valuable insight into the molecular mechanisms of potential bleeding risks and detoxifying processes in response to GQDs exposure, thereby establishing a mechanistic basis for the biosafety evaluation of GQDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Deng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Pan-Pan Jia
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing-Hui Zhang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Aping Niu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Yan-Bo Ma
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Ailing Fu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.
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35
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Ilves M, Vilske S, Aimonen K, Lindberg HK, Pesonen S, Wedin I, Nuopponen M, Vanhala E, Højgaard C, Winther JR, Willemoës M, Vogel U, Wolff H, Norppa H, Savolainen K, Alenius H. Nanofibrillated cellulose causes acute pulmonary inflammation that subsides within a month. Nanotoxicology 2018; 12:729-746. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1472312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marit Ilves
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sara Vilske
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kukka Aimonen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Saila Pesonen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Esa Vanhala
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Casper Højgaard
- Liderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob R. Winther
- Liderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Willemoës
- Liderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Wolff
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Norppa
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kai Savolainen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harri Alenius
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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36
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Arnoldussen YJ, Skaug V, Aleksandersen M, Ropstad E, Anmarkrud KH, Einarsdottir E, Chin-Lin F, Granum Bjørklund C, Kasem M, Eilertsen E, Apte RN, Zienolddiny S. Inflammation in the pleural cavity following injection of multi-walled carbon nanotubes is dependent on their characteristics and the presence of IL-1 genes. Nanotoxicology 2018; 12:522-538. [PMID: 29742950 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1465139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Upon inhalation, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) may reach the subpleura and pleural spaces, and induce pleural inflammation and/or mesothelioma in humans. However, the mechanisms of MWCNT-induced pathology after direct intrapleural injections are still only partly elucidated. In particular, a role of the proinflammatory interleukin-1 (IL-1) cytokines in pleural inflammation has so far not been published. We examined the MWCNT-induced pleural inflammation, gene expression abnormalities, and the modifying role of IL-1α and β cytokines following intrapleural injection of two types of MWCNTs (CNT-1 and CNT-2) compared with crocidolite asbestos in IL-1 wild-type (WT) and IL-1α/β KO (IL1-KO) mice. Histopathological examination of the pleura 28 days post-exposure revealed mesothelial cell hyperplasia, leukocyte infiltration, and fibrosis occurring in the CNT-1 (Mitsui-7)-exposed group. The pleura of these mice also showed the greatest changes in mRNA and miRNA expression levels, closely followed by CNT-2. In addition, the CNT-1-exposed group also presented the greatest infiltrations of leukocytes and proliferation of fibrous tissue. WT mice were more prone to development of sustained inflammation and fibrosis than IL1-KO mice. Prominent differences in genetic and epigenetic changes were also observed between the two genotypes. In conclusion, the fibrotic response to MWCNTs in the pleura depends on the particles' physico-chemical properties and on the presence or absence of the IL-1 genes. Furthermore, we found that CNT-1 was the most potent inducer of inflammatory responses, followed by CNT-2 and crocidolite asbestos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yke Jildouw Arnoldussen
- a Department of Biological and Chemical Work Environment , National Institute of Occupational Health , Oslo , Norway
| | - Vidar Skaug
- a Department of Biological and Chemical Work Environment , National Institute of Occupational Health , Oslo , Norway
| | - Mona Aleksandersen
- b Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences , Oslo , Norway
| | - Erik Ropstad
- c Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences , Oslo , Norway
| | - Kristine Haugen Anmarkrud
- a Department of Biological and Chemical Work Environment , National Institute of Occupational Health , Oslo , Norway
| | - Elin Einarsdottir
- a Department of Biological and Chemical Work Environment , National Institute of Occupational Health , Oslo , Norway
| | - Fang Chin-Lin
- a Department of Biological and Chemical Work Environment , National Institute of Occupational Health , Oslo , Norway
| | - Cesilie Granum Bjørklund
- c Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences , Oslo , Norway
| | - Mayes Kasem
- a Department of Biological and Chemical Work Environment , National Institute of Occupational Health , Oslo , Norway
| | - Einar Eilertsen
- a Department of Biological and Chemical Work Environment , National Institute of Occupational Health , Oslo , Norway
| | - Ron N Apte
- d The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, The Faculty of Health Sciences , Ben Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva , Israel
| | - Shanbeh Zienolddiny
- a Department of Biological and Chemical Work Environment , National Institute of Occupational Health , Oslo , Norway
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37
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Nymark P, Rieswijk L, Ehrhart F, Jeliazkova N, Tsiliki G, Sarimveis H, Evelo CT, Hongisto V, Kohonen P, Willighagen E, Grafström RC. A Data Fusion Pipeline for Generating and Enriching Adverse Outcome Pathway Descriptions. Toxicol Sci 2017; 162:264-275. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Penny Nymark
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Toxicology, Misvik Biology, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Linda Rieswijk
- Department of Bioinformatics, NUTRIM, Maastricht University, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, 94720-7360 Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Friederike Ehrhart
- Department of Bioinformatics, NUTRIM, Maastricht University, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Georgia Tsiliki
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 157 80 Athens, Greece
- Institute for the Management of Information Systems, ATHENA Research and Innovation Centre, 151 25 Athens, Greece
| | - Haralambos Sarimveis
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 157 80 Athens, Greece
| | - Chris T Evelo
- Department of Bioinformatics, NUTRIM, Maastricht University, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Vesa Hongisto
- Department of Toxicology, Misvik Biology, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Pekka Kohonen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Toxicology, Misvik Biology, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Egon Willighagen
- Department of Bioinformatics, NUTRIM, Maastricht University, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Roland C Grafström
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Toxicology, Misvik Biology, 20520 Turku, Finland
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38
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Williams A, Halappanavar S. Application of bi-clustering of gene expression data and gene set enrichment analysis methods to identify potentially disease causing nanomaterials. Data Brief 2017; 15:933-940. [PMID: 29159232 PMCID: PMC5683856 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2017.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This article contains data related to the research article ‘Application of bi-clustering of gene expression data and gene set enrichment analysis methods to identify potentially disease causing nanomaterials’ (Williams and Halappanavar, 2015) [1]. The presence of diverse types of nanomaterials (NMs) in commerce has grown significantly in the past decade and as a result, human exposure to these materials in the environment is inevitable. The traditional toxicity testing approaches that are reliant on animals are both time- and cost- intensive; employing which, it is not possible to complete the challenging task of safety assessment of NMs currently on the market in a timely manner. Thus, there is an urgent need for comprehensive understanding of the biological behavior of NMs, and efficient toxicity screening tools that will enable the development of predictive toxicology paradigms suited to rapidly assessing the human health impacts of exposure to NMs. In an effort to predict the long term health impacts of acute exposure to NMs, in Williams and Halappanavar (2015) [1], we applied bi-clustering and gene set enrichment analysis methods to derive essential features of altered lung transcriptome following exposure to NMs that are associated with lung-specific diseases. Several datasets from public microarray repositories describing pulmonary diseases in mouse models following exposure to a variety of substances were examined and functionally related bi-clusters showing similar gene expression profiles were identified. The identified bi-clusters were then used to conduct a gene set enrichment analysis on lung gene expression profiles derived from mice exposed to nano-titanium dioxide, carbon black or carbon nanotubes (nano-TiO2, CB and CNTs) to determine the disease significance of these data-driven gene sets. The results of the analysis correctly identified all NMs to be inflammogenic, and only CB and CNTs as potentially fibrogenic. Here, we elaborate on the details of the statistical methods and algorithms used to derive the disease relevant gene signatures. These details will enable other investigators to use the gene signature in future Gene Set Enrichment Analysis studies involving NMs or as features for clustering and classifying NMs of diverse properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Williams
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Sabina Halappanavar
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
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39
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SOX9 Regulates Cancer Stem-Like Properties and Metastatic Potential of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Exposed Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11653. [PMID: 28912540 PMCID: PMC5599589 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials hold great promise for the future development of innovative products but their adverse health effects are a major concern. Recent studies have indicated that certain nanomaterials, including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), may be carcinogenic. However, the underlying mechanisms behind their potential malignant properties remain unclear. In this study, we linked SOX9, a stem cell associated transcription factor, to the neoplastic-like properties of human lung epithelial cells chronically exposed to a low-dose of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). We found that SOX9 is upregulated in SWCNT-exposed cells, which is consistent with their abilities to induce tumor formation and metastasis in vivo. We therefore hypothesized that SOX9 overexpression may be responsible for the neoplastic-like phenotype observed in our model. Indeed, SOX9 knockdown inhibited anchorage-independent cell growth in vitro and lung colonization in vivo in a mouse xenograft model. SOX9 depletion also suppressed the formation of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), as determined by tumor sphere formation and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity (Aldefluor) assays. Furthermore, SOX9 knockdown suppressed tumor metastasis and the expression of the stem cell marker ALDH1A1. Taken together, our findings provide a mechanistic insight into SWCNT-induced carcinogenesis and the role of SOX9 in CSC regulation and metastasis.
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40
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Rahman L, Jacobsen NR, Aziz SA, Wu D, Williams A, Yauk CL, White P, Wallin H, Vogel U, Halappanavar S. Multi-walled carbon nanotube-induced genotoxic, inflammatory and pro-fibrotic responses in mice: Investigating the mechanisms of pulmonary carcinogenesis. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2017; 823:28-44. [PMID: 28985945 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified one type of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as possibly carcinogenic to humans. However, the underlying mechanisms of MWCNT- induced carcinogenicity are not known. In this study, the genotoxic, mutagenic, inflammatory, and fibrotic potential of MWCNTs were investigated. Muta™Mouse adult females were exposed to 36±6 or 109±18μg/mouse of Mitsui-7, or 26±2 or 78±5μg/mouse of NM-401, once a week for four consecutive weeks via intratracheal instillations, alongside vehicle-treated controls. Samples were collected 90days following the first exposure for measurement of DNA strand breaks, lacZ mutant frequency, p53 expression, cell proliferation, lung inflammation, histopathology, and changes in global gene expression. Both MWCNT types persisted in lung tissues 90days post-exposure, and induced lung inflammation and fibrosis to similar extents. However, there was no evidence of DNA damage as measured by the comet assay following Mitsui-7 exposure, or increases in lacZ mutant frequency, for either MWCNTs. Increased p53 expression was observed in the fibrotic foci induced by both MWCNTs. Gene expression analysis revealed perturbations of a number of biological processes associated with cancer including cell death, cell proliferation, free radical scavenging, and others in both groups, with the largest response in NM-401-treated mice. The results suggest that if the two MWCNT types were capable of inducing DNA damage, strong adaptive responses mounted against the damage, resulting in efficient and timely elimination of damaged cells through cell death, may have prevented accumulation of DNA damage and mutations at the post-exposure time point investigated in the study. Thus, MWCNT-induced carcinogenesis may involve ongoing low levels of DNA damage in an environment of persisting fibres, chronic inflammation and tissue irritation, and parallel increases or decreases in the expression of genes involved in several pro-carcinogenic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Rahman
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Syed Abdul Aziz
- Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Andrew Williams
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Carole L Yauk
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Paul White
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Hakan Wallin
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark; STAMI, National Institute of Occupational Health, Gydas vei 8, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulla Vogel
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sabina Halappanavar
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada.
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41
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Bengtson S, Knudsen KB, Kyjovska ZO, Berthing T, Skaug V, Levin M, Koponen IK, Shivayogimath A, Booth TJ, Alonso B, Pesquera A, Zurutuza A, Thomsen BL, Troelsen JT, Jacobsen NR, Vogel U. Differences in inflammation and acute phase response but similar genotoxicity in mice following pulmonary exposure to graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178355. [PMID: 28570647 PMCID: PMC5453440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated toxicity of 2–3 layered >1 μm sized graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) in mice following single intratracheal exposure with respect to pulmonary inflammation, acute phase response (biomarker for risk of cardiovascular disease) and genotoxicity. In addition, we assessed exposure levels of particulate matter emitted during production of graphene in a clean room and in a normal industrial environment using chemical vapour deposition. Toxicity was evaluated at day 1, 3, 28 and 90 days (18, 54 and 162 μg/mouse), except for GO exposed mice at day 28 and 90 where only the lowest dose was evaluated. GO induced a strong acute inflammatory response together with a pulmonary (Serum-Amyloid A, Saa3) and hepatic (Saa1) acute phase response. rGO induced less acute, but a constant and prolonged inflammation up to day 90. Lung histopathology showed particle agglomerates at day 90 without signs of fibrosis. In addition, DNA damage in BAL cells was observed across time points and doses for both GO and rGO. In conclusion, pulmonary exposure to GO and rGO induced inflammation, acute phase response and genotoxicity but no fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bengtson
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Zdenka O. Kyjovska
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Trine Berthing
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Vidar Skaug
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marcus Levin
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Ismo K. Koponen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Abhay Shivayogimath
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Timothy J. Booth
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Birthe L. Thomsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jesper T. Troelsen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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42
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Kinaret P, Marwah V, Fortino V, Ilves M, Wolff H, Ruokolainen L, Auvinen P, Savolainen K, Alenius H, Greco D. Network Analysis Reveals Similar Transcriptomic Responses to Intrinsic Properties of Carbon Nanomaterials in Vitro and in Vivo. ACS NANO 2017; 11:3786-3796. [PMID: 28380293 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b08650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the complex molecular alterations related to engineered nanomaterial (ENM) exposure is essential for carrying out toxicity assessment. Current experimental paradigms rely on both in vitro and in vivo exposure setups that often are difficult to compare, resulting in questioning the real efficacy of cell models to mimic more complex exposure scenarios at the organism level. Here, we have systematically investigated transcriptomic responses of the THP-1 macrophage cell line and lung tissues of mice, after exposure to several carbon nanomaterials (CNMs). Under the assumption that the CNM exposure related molecular alterations are mixtures of signals related to their intrinsic properties, we inferred networks of responding genes, whose expression levels are coordinately altered in response to specific CNM intrinsic properties. We observed only a minute overlap between the sets of intrinsic property-correlated genes at different exposure scenarios, suggesting specific transcriptional programs working in different exposure scenarios. However, when the effects of the CNM were investigated at the level of significantly altered molecular functions, a broader picture of substantial commonality emerged. Our results imply that in vitro exposures can efficiently recapitulate the complex molecular functions altered in vivo. In this study, altered molecular pathways in response to specific CNM intrinsic properties have been systematically characterized from transcriptomic data generated from multiple exposure setups. Our computational approach to the analysis of network response modules further revealed similarities between in vitro and in vivo exposures that could not be detected by traditional analysis of transcriptomics data. Our analytical strategy also opens a possibility to look for pathways of toxicity and understanding the molecular and cellular responses identified across predefined biological themes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Henrik Wolff
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health , Helsinki, Finland 00251
| | | | | | - Kai Savolainen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health , Helsinki, Finland 00251
| | - Harri Alenius
- Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet , 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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43
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Bornholdt J, Saber AT, Lilje B, Boyd M, Jørgensen M, Chen Y, Vitezic M, Jacobsen NR, Poulsen SS, Berthing T, Bressendorff S, Vitting-Seerup K, Andersson R, Hougaard KS, Yauk CL, Halappanavar S, Wallin H, Vogel U, Sandelin A. Identification of Gene Transcription Start Sites and Enhancers Responding to Pulmonary Carbon Nanotube Exposure in Vivo. ACS NANO 2017; 11:3597-3613. [PMID: 28345861 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b07533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Increased use of nanomaterials in industry, medicine, and consumer products has raised concerns over their toxicity. To ensure safe use of nanomaterials, understanding their biological effects at the molecular level is crucial. In particular, the regulatory mechanisms responsible for the cascade of genes activated by nanomaterial exposure are not well-characterized. To this end, we profiled the genome-wide usage of gene transcription start sites and linked active enhancer regions in lungs of C57BL/6 mice 24 h after intratracheal instillation of a single dose of the multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) Mitsui-7. Our results revealed a massive gene regulatory response, where expression of key inflammatory genes (e.g., Csf3, Il24, and Fgf23) was increased >100-fold 24 h after Mitsui-7 exposure. Many of the Mitsui-7-responsive transcription start sites were alternative transcription start sites for known genes, and the number of alternative transcription start sites used in a given gene was correlated with overall Mitsui-7 response. Strikingly, genes that were up-regulated after Mitsui-7 exposure only through their main annotated transcription start site were linked to inflammatory and defense responses, while genes up-regulated only through alternative transcription start sites were functionally heterogeneous and not inflammation-associated. Furthermore, we identified almost 12 000 active enhancers, many of which were Mitsui-7-responsive, and we identified similarly responding putative target genes. Overall, our study provides the location and activity of Mitsui-7-induced enhancers and transcription start sites, providing a useful resource for targeted experiments elucidating the biological effects of nanomaterials and the identification of biomarkers for early detection of MWCNT-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jette Bornholdt
- The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology University of Copenhagen , 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen , 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Berit Lilje
- The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology University of Copenhagen , 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen , 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Boyd
- The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology University of Copenhagen , 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen , 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Jørgensen
- The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology University of Copenhagen , 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen , 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yun Chen
- The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology University of Copenhagen , 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen , 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morana Vitezic
- The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology University of Copenhagen , 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen , 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Sarah Søs Poulsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trine Berthing
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simon Bressendorff
- The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology University of Copenhagen , 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Vitting-Seerup
- The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology University of Copenhagen , 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen , 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robin Andersson
- The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology University of Copenhagen , 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Carole L Yauk
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada , Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Sabina Halappanavar
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada , Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Håkan Wallin
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen , 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Albin Sandelin
- The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology University of Copenhagen , 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen , 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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44
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Poulsen SS, Knudsen KB, Jackson P, Weydahl IEK, Saber AT, Wallin H, Vogel U. Multi-walled carbon nanotube-physicochemical properties predict the systemic acute phase response following pulmonary exposure in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174167. [PMID: 28380028 PMCID: PMC5381870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary exposure to multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) has been linked to an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease in addition to the well-documented physicochemical-dependent adverse lung effects. A proposed mechanism is through a strong and sustained pulmonary secretion of acute phase proteins to the blood. We identified physicochemical determinants of MWCNT-induced systemic acute phase response by analyzing effects of pulmonary exposure to 14 commercial, well-characterized MWCNTs in female C57BL/6J mice pulmonary exposed to 0, 6, 18 or 54 μg MWCNT/mouse. Plasma levels of acute phase response proteins serum amyloid A1/2 (SAA1/2) and SAA3 were determined on day 1, 28 or 92. Expression levels of hepatic Saa1 and pulmonary Saa3 mRNA levels were assessed to determine the origin of the acute phase response proteins. Pulmonary Saa3 mRNA expression levels were greater and lasted longer than hepatic Saa1 mRNA expression. Plasma SAA1/2 and SAA3 protein levels were related to time and physicochemical properties using adjusted, multiple regression analyses. SAA3 and SAA1/2 plasma protein levels were increased after exposure to almost all of the MWCNTs on day 1, whereas limited changes were observed on day 28 and 92. SAA1/2 and SAA3 protein levels did not correlate and only SAA3 protein levels correlated with neutrophil influx. The multiple regression analyses revealed a protective effect of MWCNT length on SAA1/2 protein level on day 1, such that a longer length resulted in lowered SAA1/2 plasma levels. Increased SAA3 protein levels were positively related to dose and content of Mn, Mg and Co on day 1, whereas oxidation and diameter of the MWCNTs were protective on day 28 and 92, respectively. The results of this study reveal very differently controlled pulmonary and hepatic acute phase responses after MWCNT exposure. As the responses were influenced by the physicochemical properties of the MWCNTs, this study provides the first step towards designing MWCNT that induce less SAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S. Poulsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Petra Jackson
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | | | - Anne T. Saber
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Håkan Wallin
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Institute of Public Health, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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45
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Kinaret P, Ilves M, Fortino V, Rydman E, Karisola P, Lähde A, Koivisto J, Jokiniemi J, Wolff H, Savolainen K, Greco D, Alenius H. Inhalation and Oropharyngeal Aspiration Exposure to Rod-Like Carbon Nanotubes Induce Similar Airway Inflammation and Biological Responses in Mouse Lungs. ACS NANO 2017; 11:291-303. [PMID: 28045493 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b05652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have the potential to impact technological and industrial progress, but their production and use may, in some cases, cause serious health problems. Certain rod-shaped multiwalled CNTs (rCNTs) can, in fact, induce severe asbestos-like pathogenicity in mice, including granuloma formation, fibrosis, and even cancer. Evaluating the comparability between alternative hazard assessment methods is needed to ensure fast and reliable evaluation of the potentially adverse effects of these materials. To compare two alternative airway exposure methods, C57BL/6 mice were exposed to rCNTs by a state-of-the-art but laborious and expensive inhalation method (6.2-8.2 mg/m3, 4 h/day for 4 days) or by oropharyngeal aspiration (10 or 40 μg/day for 4 days), which is cheaper and easier to perform. In addition to histological and cytological studies, transcriptome analysis was also carried out on the lung tissue samples. Both inhalation and low-dose (10 μg/day) aspiration exposure to rCNTs promoted strong accumulation of eosinophils in the lungs and recruited also a few neutrophils and lymphocytes. In contrast, the aspiration of a high-dose (40 μg/day) rCNT caused only a mild pulmonary eosinophilia but enhanced accumulation of neutrophils in the airways. Inhalation and low-dose aspiration exposure promoted comparable giant cell formation, mucus production, and IL-13 expression in the lungs. Both exposure methods also exacerbated similar expression alterations with 154 (56.4%) differentially expressed, overlapping genes in microarray analyses. Of all differentially expressed genes, up to 80% of the activated biological functions were shared according to pathway enrichment analyses. Inhalation and low-dose aspiration elicited very similar pulmonary inflammation providing evidence that oropharyngeal aspiration is a valid approach and a convenient alternative to the inhalation exposure for the hazard assessment of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elina Rydman
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health , Helsinki 00251, Finland
| | | | - Anna Lähde
- Fine Particle and Aerosol Technology Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio 80100, Finland
| | - Joonas Koivisto
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Jorma Jokiniemi
- Fine Particle and Aerosol Technology Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio 80100, Finland
| | - Henrik Wolff
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health , Helsinki 00251, Finland
| | - Kai Savolainen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health , Helsinki 00251, Finland
| | | | - Harri Alenius
- Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
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46
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Bonner JC. Toxicological Effects of Carbon Nanotubes. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-1762-7.ch056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapidly evolving field of nanotechnology offers many potential societal and economic benefits. Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) are one of the most widely produced engineered nanomaterials and have diverse applications in engineering, electronics, and medicine. They have also been extensively investigated for their toxicological properties. Studies with rodents indicate that CNTs can cause lung fibrosis or granuloma formation, exacerbate pre-existing respiratory disease, cause injury to the sensitive pleural lining of the lungs, and have systemic immunosuppressive effects. CNTs have also been reported to cause genotoxic effects on cultured cells. The fiber-like structure of CNTs has led to comparisons with asbestos fibers; yet the debate over whether CNTs cause mesothelioma remains highly controversial, and evidence thus far is lacking. The aim of this chapter is to overview the evidence in rodent models that CNTs cause lung disease and to discuss the potential of CNTs to cause adverse immune, fibrogenic, or carcinogenic effects in humans as a result of occupational, consumer, or environmental exposure.
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47
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Kuempel ED, Jaurand MC, Møller P, Morimoto Y, Kobayashi N, Pinkerton KE, Sargent LM, Vermeulen RCH, Fubini B, Kane AB. Evaluating the mechanistic evidence and key data gaps in assessing the potential carcinogenicity of carbon nanotubes and nanofibers in humans. Crit Rev Toxicol 2017; 47:1-58. [PMID: 27537422 PMCID: PMC5555643 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2016.1206061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In an evaluation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for the IARC Monograph 111, the Mechanisms Subgroup was tasked with assessing the strength of evidence on the potential carcinogenicity of CNTs in humans. The mechanistic evidence was considered to be not strong enough to alter the evaluations based on the animal data. In this paper, we provide an extended, in-depth examination of the in vivo and in vitro experimental studies according to current hypotheses on the carcinogenicity of inhaled particles and fibers. We cite additional studies of CNTs that were not available at the time of the IARC meeting in October 2014, and extend our evaluation to include carbon nanofibers (CNFs). Finally, we identify key data gaps and suggest research needs to reduce uncertainty. The focus of this review is on the cancer risk to workers exposed to airborne CNT or CNF during the production and use of these materials. The findings of this review, in general, affirm those of the original evaluation on the inadequate or limited evidence of carcinogenicity for most types of CNTs and CNFs at this time, and possible carcinogenicity of one type of CNT (MWCNT-7). The key evidence gaps to be filled by research include: investigation of possible associations between in vitro and early-stage in vivo events that may be predictive of lung cancer or mesothelioma, and systematic analysis of dose-response relationships across materials, including evaluation of the influence of physico-chemical properties and experimental factors on the observation of nonmalignant and malignant endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen D Kuempel
- a National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Marie-Claude Jaurand
- b Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche , UMR 1162 , Paris , France
- c Labex Immuno-Oncology, Sorbonne Paris Cité, University of Paris Descartes , Paris , France
- d University Institute of Hematology, Sorbonne Paris Cité, University of Paris Diderot , Paris , France
- e University of Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Saint-Denis , France
| | - Peter Møller
- f Department of Public Health , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Yasuo Morimoto
- g Department of Occupational Pneumology , University of Occupational and Environmental Health , Kitakyushu City , Japan
| | | | - Kent E Pinkerton
- i Center for Health and the Environment, University of California , Davis , California , USA
| | - Linda M Sargent
- j National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , West Virginia , USA
| | - Roel C H Vermeulen
- k Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Bice Fubini
- l Department of Chemistry and "G.Scansetti" Interdepartmental Center , Università degli Studi di Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Agnes B Kane
- m Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Brown University , Providence , RI , USA
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48
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Rahman L, Wu D, Johnston M, William A, Halappanavar S. Toxicogenomics analysis of mouse lung responses following exposure to titanium dioxide nanomaterials reveal their disease potential at high doses. Mutagenesis 2016; 32:59-76. [PMID: 27760801 PMCID: PMC5180171 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gew048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) induce lung inflammation in experimental animals. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive toxicogenomic analysis of lung responses in mice exposed to six individual TiO2NPs exhibiting different sizes (8, 20 and 300nm), crystalline structure (anatase, rutile or anatase/rutile) and surface modifications (hydrophobic or hydrophilic) to investigate whether the mechanisms leading to TiO2NP-induced lung inflammation are property specific. A detailed histopathological analysis was conducted to investigate the long-term disease implications of acute exposure to TiO2NPs. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 18, 54, 162 or 486 µg of TiO2NPs/mouse via single intratracheal instillation. Controls were exposed to dispersion medium only. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue were sampled on 1, 28 and 90 days post-exposure. Although all TiO2NPs induced lung inflammation as measured by the neutrophil influx in BALF, rutile-type TiO2NPs induced higher inflammation with the hydrophilic rutile TiO2NP showing the maximum increase. Accordingly, the rutile TiO2NPs induced higher number of differentially expressed genes. Histopathological analysis of lung sections on Day 90 post-exposure showed increased collagen staining and fibrosis-like changes following exposure to the rutile TiO2NPs at the highest dose tested. Among the anatase, the smallest TiO2NP of 8nm showed the maximum response. The anatase TiO2NP of 300nm was the least responsive of all. The results suggest that the severity of lung inflammation is property specific; however, the underlying mechanisms (genes and pathways perturbed) leading to inflammation were the same for all particle types. While the particle size clearly influenced the overall acute lung responses, a combination of small size, crystalline structure and hydrophilic surface contributed to the long-term pathological effects observed at the highest dose (486 µg/mouse). Although the dose at which the pathological changes were observed is considered physiologically high, the study highlights the disease potential of certain TiO2NPs of specific properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Rahman
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Tunney's Pasture Bldg. 8, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada and
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Tunney's Pasture Bldg. 8, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada and
| | - Michael Johnston
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Andrew William
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Tunney's Pasture Bldg. 8, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada and
| | - Sabina Halappanavar
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Tunney's Pasture Bldg. 8, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada and
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49
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Cardiovascular health effects of oral and pulmonary exposure to multi-walled carbon nanotubes in ApoE-deficient mice. Toxicology 2016; 371:29-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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50
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Poulsen SS, Jackson P, Kling K, Knudsen KB, Skaug V, Kyjovska ZO, Thomsen BL, Clausen PA, Atluri R, Berthing T, Bengtson S, Wolff H, Jensen KA, Wallin H, Vogel U. Multi-walled carbon nanotube physicochemical properties predict pulmonary inflammation and genotoxicity. Nanotoxicology 2016; 10:1263-75. [PMID: 27323647 PMCID: PMC5020352 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2016.1202351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Lung deposition of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) induces pulmonary toxicity. Commercial MWCNT vary greatly in physicochemical properties and consequently in biological effects. To identify determinants of MWCNT-induced toxicity, we analyzed the effects of pulmonary exposure to 10 commercial MWCNT (supplied in three groups of different dimensions, with one pristine and two/three surface modified in each group). We characterized morphology, chemical composition, surface area and functionalization levels. MWCNT were deposited in lungs of female C57BL/6J mice by intratracheal instillation of 0, 6, 18 or 54 μg/mouse. Pulmonary inflammation (neutrophil influx in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)) and genotoxicity were determined on day 1, 28 or 92. Histopathology of the lungs was performed on day 28 and 92. All MWCNT induced similar histological changes. Lymphocytic aggregates were detected for all MWCNT on day 28 and 92. Using adjusted, multiple regression analyses, inflammation and genotoxicity were related to dose, time and physicochemical properties. The specific surface area (BET) was identified as a positive predictor of pulmonary inflammation on all post-exposure days. In addition, length significantly predicted pulmonary inflammation, whereas surface oxidation (–OH and –COOH) was predictor of lowered inflammation on day 28. BET surface area, and therefore diameter, significantly predicted genotoxicity in BAL fluid cells and lung tissue such that lower BET surface area or correspondingly larger diameter was associated with increased genotoxicity. This study provides information on possible toxicity-driving physicochemical properties of MWCNT. The results may contribute to safe-by-design manufacturing of MWCNT, thereby minimizing adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Poulsen
- a National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark
| | - Petra Jackson
- a National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark
| | - Kirsten Kling
- a National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark
| | - Kristina B Knudsen
- a National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark
| | - Vidar Skaug
- b National Institute of Occupational Health , Oslo , Norway
| | - Zdenka O Kyjovska
- a National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark
| | - Birthe L Thomsen
- a National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark
| | - Per Axel Clausen
- a National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark
| | - Rambabu Atluri
- a National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark
| | - Trine Berthing
- a National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark
| | - Stefan Bengtson
- a National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark
| | - Henrik Wolff
- c Finnish Institute of Occupational Health , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Keld A Jensen
- a National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark
| | - Håkan Wallin
- a National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark .,d Institute of Public Health, Copenhagen University , Copenhagen K , Denmark , and
| | - Ulla Vogel
- a National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark .,e Department of Micro-and Nanotechnology , Technical University of Denmark , Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
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