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Aung WW, Krongrawa W, Limmatvapirat S, Kulpicheswanich P, Okonogi S, Limmatvapirat C. Fabrication and Optimization of Electrospun Shellac Fibers Loaded with Senna alata Leaf Extract. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:183. [PMID: 38256981 PMCID: PMC10819501 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Single-fluid electrospinning creates nanofibers from molten polymer solutions with active ingredients. This study utilized a combination of a fractional factorial design and a Box-Behnken design to examine crucial factors among a multitude of parameters and to optimize the electrospinning conditions that impact fiber mats' morphology and the entrapment efficiency of Senna alata leaf extract. The findings indicated that the shellac content had the greatest impact on both fiber diameter and bead formation. The optimum electrospinning conditions were identified as a voltage of 24 kV, a solution feed rate of 0.8 mL/h, and a shellac-extract ratio of 38.5:3.8. These conditions produced nanosized fibers with a diameter of 306 nm, a low bead-to-fiber ratio of 0.29, and an extract entrapment efficiency of 96% within the fibers. The biphasic profile of the optimized nanofibers was confirmed with an in vitro release study. This profile consisted of an initial burst release of 88% within the first hour, which was succeeded by a sustained release pattern surpassing 90% for the next 12 h, as predicted with zero-order release kinetics. The optimized nanofibers demonstrated antimicrobial efficacy against diverse pathogens, suggesting promising applications in wound dressings and protective textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wah Wah Aung
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (W.W.A.); (W.K.); (S.L.)
- Pharmaceutical Biopolymer Group (PBiG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Wantanwa Krongrawa
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (W.W.A.); (W.K.); (S.L.)
- Pharmaceutical Biopolymer Group (PBiG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Sontaya Limmatvapirat
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (W.W.A.); (W.K.); (S.L.)
- Pharmaceutical Biopolymer Group (PBiG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | | | - Siriporn Okonogi
- Center of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chutima Limmatvapirat
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (W.W.A.); (W.K.); (S.L.)
- Pharmaceutical Biopolymer Group (PBiG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
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Quiñones KJO, Gentallan RP, Bartolome MCB, Madayag RE, Vera Cruz JRA, Cirunay ART, Endonela LE, Timog EBS, Borromeo TH, Altoveros NC, Alvaran BBS, Magtoltol JB, Cejalvo RD. The complete chloroplast genome of Senna alata (L.) Roxb., an important medicinal plant from the Philippines. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2023; 8:244-248. [PMID: 36816058 PMCID: PMC9930843 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2023.2172973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Senna alata, a flowering shrub, is widely cultivated in the Philippines for its anti-fungal properties. Despite this, its chloroplast genome is not yet established. We assembled and annotated the complete chloroplast genome of accession from the germplasm collection of the Institute of Crop Science, University of the Philippines, Los Baños, using Illumina sequencing data. The complete cp genome was 159,176-bp long characterized by a large single copy of 88,769 bp, short single-copy of 18,301 bp and a pair of inverted repeat regions of 26,053 bp each. The overall GC content of the chloroplast genome was 36.4%. The plastome comprised 37 tRNA genes, 8 rRNA genes and 78 mRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that S. alata is closely related to S. siamea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine J. O. Quiñones
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños,4031Laguna, Philippines
| | - Renerio P. Gentallan
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños,4031Laguna, Philippines
| | - Michael C. B. Bartolome
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños,4031Laguna, Philippines
| | - Roselle E. Madayag
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños,4031Laguna, Philippines,Agricultural Systems Institute, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños,4031Laguna, Philippines
| | - Juan R. A. Vera Cruz
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños,4031Laguna, Philippines
| | - Angeleigh R. T. Cirunay
- Institute of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños,4031Laguna, Philippines
| | - Leah E. Endonela
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños,4031Laguna, Philippines
| | - Emmanuel B. S. Timog
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños,4031Laguna, Philippines,Department of Forest Biological Sciences, College of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños,4031Laguna, Philippines
| | - Teresita H. Borromeo
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños,4031Laguna, Philippines
| | - Nestor C. Altoveros
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños,4031Laguna, Philippines
| | - Bartimeus B. S. Alvaran
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños,4031Laguna, Philippines,Institute of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños,4031Laguna, Philippines
| | - Jessabel B. Magtoltol
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños,4031Laguna, Philippines,Agricultural Systems Institute, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños,4031Laguna, Philippines
| | - Reneliza D. Cejalvo
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños,4031Laguna, Philippines,CONTACT Renerio P. Gentallan Jr. Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
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3
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Chen J, Ding Z. Advances in natural product anti-coronavirus research (2002-2022). Chin Med 2023; 18:13. [PMID: 36782317 PMCID: PMC9924896 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00715-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus that has triggered acute respiratory infections in countries around the world. In the last 20 years, there have been several outbreaks of coronaviruses, which have had a tremendous impact on productive life and globalization. Since coronaviruses are mutagenic and highly susceptible to mutation, there are no specific drugs against coronaviruses. Medicines made from natural products gains worldwide attention, and the mechanism and effectiveness of natural products for the treatment of coronavirus-related diseases have received much attention after the global pandemic of COVID-19 in 2020. The vitro research results and clinical data from various countries have shown protective effects of good effects against coronaviruses. This review summarizes representative natural products for the treatment of coronavirus-related diseases in the past 20 years, and demonstrates the promising prospects of natural products against coronavirus-related diseases by listing herbal formulas, Chinese patent medicines and natural small molecule compounds and their therapeutic mechanisms, providing references for subsequent related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Chen
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793School of International Pharmaceutical Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Zuoqi Ding
- School of International Pharmaceutical Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. .,Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Vargas-Cortez T, Jacobo-Velázquez DA, Benavides J. Therapeutic Plants with Immunoregulatory Activity and Their Applications: A Scientific Vision of Traditional Medicine in Times of COVID-19. J Med Food 2022; 25:1074-1085. [PMID: 36067145 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The progression of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) in humans heavily depends on the patient's overall health status, especially on its immunoregulatory capacity. Different plants and plant-derived preparations (infusions, encapsulated, etc.) have been used as immunoregulators, several of them with scientific support. Nevertheless, due to the composition complexity of such plant-derived preparations, the molecular and physiological mechanisms involved in their beneficial effects remain, in some cases, unclear. In this review article, the most reported plants used in traditional medicine to enhance immunoregulatory capacity are presented, and their effect on the innate immune response is discussed and correlated with their respective phytochemical profile. Understanding how the plant phytochemical profile relates to the observed impact on the innate and adaptative immune response is fundamental to designing plant-derived co-treatments to lessen the symptoms and favor the recovery of COVID-19 patients. In this regard, we propose a prospective guideline for using plants and plant-derived preparations as co-treatments for COVID-19 (and similar viral infections), which could be helpful in the context of the worldwide effort to end the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Vargas-Cortez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Monterrey, México
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, México
| | - Daniel A Jacobo-Velázquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Zapopan, México
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Zapopan, México
| | - Jorge Benavides
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Monterrey, México
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, México
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Pereira FC, Gregorini P. Applying spatio-chemical analysis to grassland ecosystems for the illustration of chemoscapes and creation of healthscapes. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.927568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Grasslands are heterogeneous landscapes composed of a diversity of herbaceous and shrub vegetation that varies not only taxonomically, but biochemically in terms of primary and secondary compounds. Plant Secondary Compounds (PSC) have specific nutritional, medicinal, and prophylactic properties, to which benefits depend upon dosage, type, arrangements, and concentration that changes between and within plants across time and space. The knowledge of the plant content of PSC and their distribution in grazing environments would therefore contribute to the design and creation of healthier foodscapes for ruminants; in other words, healthscapes. Geographic information systems (GIS) have been used extensively for landscape visualization and assessment, through several spatial analysis techniques applied for the creation of virtual maps to add valuable information to a particular environment. Given the knowledge of plants and their composition, GIS emerges as a readily available and low-cost tool to assess and evaluate the distribution of plants with beneficial PSC in large and heterogeneous foodscapes. We present and propose for the very first time, the application and use of GIS to determine the spatial distribution of PSC rich plants with nutraceutical properties to illustrate, visualize, and generate healthscapes for grazing ruminants. We present healthscape maps created using botanical composition analyses and advanced image classification methods to illustrate the distribution of plants regarding their PSC and nutraceutical properties. Such maps add an extra dimension and perspective to plant chemical composition, enabling graziers to visualize in space and time centers of nutrition and prophylactics or medicines, contributing to advanced grazing management decisions toward more productive, sustainable, and healthy grazing systems. The valuable information behind the mapped PSC advances the understanding of the nutritional ecology of grazing environments and foodscapes, introducing a new dimension to the holistic management of pastoral livestock production systems.
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Flavonols and Flavones as Potential anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Compounds. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9966750. [PMID: 36111166 PMCID: PMC9470311 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9966750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Plant preparations have been used to treat various diseases and discussed for centuries. Research has advanced to discover and identify the plant components with beneficial effects and reveal their underlying mechanisms. Flavonoids are phytoconstituents with anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic, and antimicrobial properties. Herein, we listed and contextualized various aspects of the protective effects of the flavonols quercetin, isoquercetin, kaempferol, and myricetin and the flavones luteolin, apigenin, 3
,4
-dihydroxyflavone, baicalein, scutellarein, lucenin-2, vicenin-2, diosmetin, nobiletin, tangeretin, and 5-O-methyl-scutellarein. We presented their structural characteristics and subclasses, importance, occurrence, and food sources. The bioactive compounds present in our diet, such as fruits and vegetables, may affect the health and disease state. Therefore, we discussed the role of these compounds in inflammation, oxidative mechanisms, and bacterial metabolism; moreover, we discussed their synergism with antibiotics for better disease outcomes. Indiscriminate use of antibiotics allows the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains; thus, bioactive compounds may be used for adjuvant treatment of infectious diseases caused by resistant and opportunistic bacteria via direct and indirect mechanisms. We also focused on the reported mechanisms and intracellular targets of flavonols and flavones, which support their therapeutic role in inflammatory and infectious diseases.
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Application of nanotechnology to herbal antioxidants as improved phytomedicine: An expanding horizon. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113413. [PMID: 36076482 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Chew YL, Khor MA, Xu Z, Lee SK, Keng JW, Sang SH, Akowuah GA, Goh KW, Liew KB, Ming LC. Cassia alata, Coriandrum sativum, Curcuma longa and Azadirachta indica: Food Ingredients as Complementary and Alternative Therapies for Atopic Dermatitis-A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175475. [PMID: 36080243 PMCID: PMC9457827 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional medicine is critical in disease treatment and management. Herbs are gaining popularity for disease management and treatment. Therefore, they can be utilised as complementary and alternative treatment (CAT) ingredients. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the common non-communicable diseases. It is characterised by chronic inflammatory skin disease with intense pruritus and eczematous lesions. AD is associated with oxidative stress, microbial infection, and upregulation of inflammatory cytokines. Both children and adults could be affected by this skin disorder. The prevalence of AD is increasing along with the country’s level of development. This review revisited the literature on four medicinal herbs widely used as complementary medicine to manage AD. These therapeutic herbs are commonly eaten as food and used as spices in Asian cuisine. The four food herbs reviewed are Cassia alata, Coriandrum sativum, Curcuma longa Linn, and Azadirachta indica. Their traditional uses and phytochemical content will be covered. Four relevant pharmacological and biological activities of the plants crucial in AD management have been reviewed and discussed, including anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, antioxidant, and wound recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yik-Ling Chew
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +603-9101-8880; Fax: +603-9102-3606
| | - Mei-Ann Khor
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Zhao Xu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Sue-Kei Lee
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Jing-Wen Keng
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Sze-Huey Sang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | | | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai 71809, Malaysia
| | - Kai Bin Liew
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Cyberjaya, Cyberjaya 63000, Malaysia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
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High-throughput metabolomics reveals dysregulation of hydrophobic metabolomes in cancer cell lines by Eleusine indica. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9347. [PMID: 35668092 PMCID: PMC9168358 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13575-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Eleusine indica, which is used in traditional medicine, exhibits antiproliferative activity against several cancer cell lines. However, metabolomic studies to evaluate the metabolite changes induced by E. indica in cancer cells are still lacking. The present study investigated the anticancer effects of a root fraction of E. indica (R-S5-C1-H1) on H1299, MCF-7, and SK-HEP-1 cell lines and analyzed metabolic changes in the treated cancer cells using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). Cell metabolic activity assays demonstrated that the cell viability of the three cancer cell lines was significantly reduced following treatment with R-S5-C1-H1, with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations values of 12.95 µg/mL, 15.99 µg/mL, and 13.69 µg/mL at 72 h, respectively. Microscopy analysis using Hoechst 33342 and Annexin V fluorescent dyes revealed that cells treated with R-S5-C1-H1 underwent apoptotic cell death, while chemometric analysis suggested that apoptosis was triggered 48 h after treatment with R-S5-C1-H1. Deconvoluted cellular metabolomics revealed that hydrophobic metabolites were significantly altered, including triacylglycerols, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin, and ceramide, suggesting that apoptosis induction by R-S5-C1-H1 potentially occurred through modulation of phospholipid synthesis and sphingolipid metabolism. These metabolomic profiling results provide new insights into the anticancer mechanisms of E. indica and facilitate the overall understanding of molecular events following therapeutic interventions.
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A Review of Recent Studies on the Antioxidant and Anti-Infectious Properties of Senna Plants. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6025900. [PMID: 35154569 PMCID: PMC8837466 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6025900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of phytochemicals is gaining interest for the treatment of metabolic syndromes over the synthetic formulation of drugs. Senna is evolving as one of the important plants which have been vastly studied for its beneficial effects. Various parts of Senna species including the root, stem, leaves, and flower are found rich in numerous phytochemicals. In vitro, in vivo, and clinical experiments established that extracts from Senna plants have diverse beneficial effects by acting as a strong antioxidant and antimicrobial agent. In this review, Senna genus is comprehensively discussed in terms of its botanical characteristics, traditional use, geographic presence, and phytochemical profile. The bioactive compound richness contributes to the biological activity of Senna plant extracts. The review emphasizes on the in vivo and in vitro antioxidant and anti-infectious properties of the Senna plant. Preclinical studies confirmed the beneficial effects of the Senna plant extracts and its bioactive components in regard to the health-promoting activities. The safety, side effects, and therapeutic limitations of the Senna plant are also discussed in this review. Additional research is necessary to utilize the phenolic compounds towards its use as an alternative to pharmacological treatments and even as an ingredient in functional foods.
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Atanu FO, Rotimi D, Ilesanmi OB, Al Malki JS, Batiha GE, Idakwoji PA. Hydroethanolic Extracts of Senna alata Leaves Possess Antimalarial Effects and Reverses Haematological and Biochemical Pertubation in Plasmodium berghei-infected Mice. J Evid Based Integr Med 2022; 27:2515690X221116407. [PMID: 35929106 PMCID: PMC9358563 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x221116407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The current work investigated the chemical profile, antimalarial potential and capacity of hydroethanolic Senna alata extract (SAE) to reverse hematological and biochemical pertubation in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Results of the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, steroids and cardiac glycosides. Total phenolic and flavonoid content was estimated to be 45.29 ± 2.34 mg GAE/g and 25.22 ± 2.26 mg QE/g respectively. In vitro analysis of the extract also confirmed its antioxidant property. Results of the test for prophylaxis of P. berghei indicated that SAE suppressed parasitemia significantly in treated groups in a dose dependent manner when compared with negative control group. Similarly, SAE improved the mean survival time (MST) and packed cell volume (PCV) of infected mice. The test for curative effect showed that SAE significantly suppressed parasitemia to 4.50 ± 1.05% compared to untreated group 29.83 ± 3.49%. Results of liver and kidney functions indices of treated animals indicated that whereas infection with P. berghei caused increase in the levels of AST, ALT, ALP, urea and creatinine, treatment with SAE significantly reversed the perturbation. Similarly, infected mice were dyslipidemic with concomitant increased activity of HMG CoA reductase and decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes with increase in lipid peroxides levels. However, these alterations were significantly reversed by administration of SAE. Results of this study shows that Senna alata possess antimalarial activity and therefore justify the traditional use of plant for the treatment of malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis O Atanu
- Department of Biochemistry, 223207Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria
| | - Damilare Rotimi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, 233773Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Omotayo B Ilesanmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Federal University Otuoke, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
| | - Jamila S Al Malki
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, 125895Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber E Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 110146Damanhour University, Damanhour, Albeheira, Egypt
| | - Precious A Idakwoji
- Department of Biochemistry, 223207Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria
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Angelina M, Mardhiyah A, Dewi RT, Fajriah S, Muthiah N, Ekapratiwi Y, Dewijanti ID, Sukirno S, Jamilah J, Hartati S. Physicochemical and phytochemical standardization, and antibacterial evaluation of Cassia alata leaves from different locations in Indonesia. PHARMACIA 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.68.e76835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Physicochemical analysis for simplicia and extract, respectively: water content 2.12–4% for simplicia; drying losses 3.93–5.47% and 8.51–19.76%; total ash 5.14–9.41% and 6.22–17.07%; total ash acid-insoluble content 0.29–5.41% and 0.52–3.82%; total ash water-soluble content 1.26–7.14% and 1.43–8.54%; water-soluble content 19.60–39.43% and 58.45–77.51%; ethanol-soluble content 13.99–33.76% and 59.79–75.39%. The phytochemical analysis showed that the extracts contain alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids. Total flavonoids and total phenolics content were 9.86–15.74% QE/g and 6.67–7.65% GAE/g, respectively. Based on LC-MS results, the extract contained emodin, kaempferol, kaempferol-3,7-diglucoside, and kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. The extracts possessed antibacterial activity against bacteria tested.
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Salamatullah AM, Subash-Babu P, Nassrallah A, Alshatwi AA, Alkaltham MS. Cyclotrisiloxan and β-Sitosterol rich Cassia alata (L.) flower inhibit HT-115 human colon cancer cell growth via mitochondrial dependent apoptotic stimulation. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:6009-6016. [PMID: 34588918 PMCID: PMC8459119 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer traits dependent chemo and radiotherapy display acute toxicity and long-term side effects. Since last two decades, researchers investigated a new anticancer agents derived from plants. Cassia alata (L.) is a medicinal herb distributed in the tropical and humid regions. In this study, C. alata flower methanol extract (CME) have been prepared using cold percolation method and the phytochemical components were identified using GC–MS analysis. CME have been used to study the antiproliferative and apoptosis properties against human colon cancer HT-115 colon cancer cells, its molecular mechanism have been explored. 0.2 mg/mL dose of CME, inhibited 50% of HT-115 colon cancer cell growth after 48hr was confirmed the significant antiproliferation effect. In normal cells such as Vero cells and hMSCs, 0.2 mg/mL dose of CME shown only 4% and 5% growth inhibition confirmed the HT-115 cell specific cytotoxic effect. This effect might be due to the availability of phytoactive biomolecules in CME such as, cyclotrisiloxan, beta-sitosterol and alpha-tocopherol have been confirmed by GC–MS. Most interestingly, PI and AO/ErBr staining of CME treated HT-115 cells shown early (25%), pro (17%) and late (8%) apoptotic and 3% necrotic cells after 48 hr. Treatment with CME extract showed potential effect on the inhibition of protumorigenic inflammatory and oxidative stress genes. Protumorigenic COX-2/PGE-2 and TNF-α/NF-κB immune axis were normalized after CME treatment. Amounts of both apoptosis related mRNA p53, Bax, caspase 3 and p21 genes were upregulated, whereas it resulted in significant reduction in the anti-apoptotic marker mdm2 and Bcl-2 genes. In conclusion, bioactive compounds present in CME potentially inhibit HT-115 colon cancer cell proliferation via an inhibition of protumorigenic immune axis and stimulation of mitochondria dependent apoptotic pathway without necrotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - P Subash-Babu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr Nassrallah
- Biochemistry Department Cairo University Research Park (CURP), Facility of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Ali A Alshatwi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Saeed Alkaltham
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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14
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In vitro antioxidant activity of crude extracts of Harpagophytum zeyheri and their anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity activity compared with diclofenac. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:238. [PMID: 34556115 PMCID: PMC8461911 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03407-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated the in vitro antioxidant activity and comparison of anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of Harpagopytum zeyheri with diclofenac. METHODS In vitro assays were conducted using water, ethanol, and ethyl acetate extracts of H.zeyheri. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy (DPPH) and 2,2'- azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assays. The anti-inflammatory activity was determined by measuring the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages as well as cytokine (TNF-α and IL-10) expression on LPS-induced U937 human macrophages. For cytotoxicity, cell viability was determined using the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. RESULTS The ethyl acetate extract had the lowest IC50 values in the DPPH (5.91 μg/ml) and ABTS (20.5 μg/ml) assay compared to other extracts. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate extracts effectively inhibited NO and TNF-α and proved to be comparable to diclofenac at some concentrations. All extracts of H. zeyheri displayed dose-dependent activity and were associated with low levels of human-IL-10 expression compared to quercetin. Furthermore, all extracts displayed low toxicity relative to diclofenac. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that H. zeyheri has significant antioxidant activity. Additionally, similarities exist in the inflammatory activity of H. zeyheri to diclofenac at some concentrations as well as low toxicity in comparison to diclofenac.
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Sarker MMR, Khan F, Mohamed IN. Dengue Fever: Therapeutic Potential of Carica papaya L. Leaves. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:610912. [PMID: 33981215 PMCID: PMC8109180 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.610912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue, a very widespread mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by Aedes aegypti virus, has been occurring during the monsoons every year. The prevalence and incidence of dengue fever and death due to its complications have been increased drastically in these recent years in Bangladesh, Philippines, Thailand, Brazil, and India. Recently, dengue had spread in an epidemic form in Bangladesh, Thailand, and Philippines. Although the infection affected a large number of people around the world, there is no established specific and effective treatment by synthetic medicines. In this subcontinent, Malaysia could effectively control its incidences and death of patients using alternative medication treatment mainly prepared from Carica papaya L. leaves along with proper care and hospitalization. Papaya leaves, their juice or extract, as well as their different forms of preparation have long been used traditionally for treating dengue fever and its complications to save patients’ lives. Although it is recommended by traditional healers, and the general public use Papaya leaves juice or their other preparations in dengue fever, this treatment option is strictly denied by the physicians offering treatment in hospitals in Bangladesh as they do not believe in the effectiveness of papaya leaves, thus suggesting to patients that they should not use them. In Bangladesh, 1,01,354 dengue patients have been hospitalized, with 179 deaths in the year 2019 according to information from the Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control, and Research as well as the Directorate General of Health Services of Bangladesh. Most of the patients died because of the falling down of platelets to dangerous levels and hemorrhage or serious bleeding. Therefore, this paper aims to critically review the scientific basis and effectiveness of Carica papaya L. leaves in treating dengue fever based on preclinical and clinical reports. Thrombocytopenia is one of the major conditions that is typical in cases of dengue infection. Besides, the infection and impairment of immunity are concerned with dengue patients. This review summarizes all the scientific reports on Carica papaya L. for its ability on three aspects of dengue: antiviral activities, prevention of thrombocytopenia and improvement of immunity during dengue fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Moklesur Rahman Sarker
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Division, Health Med Science Research Limited, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Farzana Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Division, Health Med Science Research Limited, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Isa Naina Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (The National University of Malaysia), Cheras, Malaysia
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Fongnzossie Fedoung E, Biwole AB, Nyangono Biyegue CF, Ngansop Tounkam M, Akono Ntonga P, Nguiamba VP, Essono DM, Forbi Funwi P, Tonga C, Nguenang GM, Kemeuze V, Sonwa DJ, Tsabang N, Bouelet IS, Tize Z, Boum AT, Momo Solefack MC, Betti JL, Nouga Bissoue A, Lehman LG, Mapongmetsem PM, Nneme Nneme L, Ngono Ngane RA, Ngogang Yonkeu J. A review of Cameroonian medicinal plants with potentials for the management of the COVID-19 pandemic. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [PMCID: PMC7994110 DOI: 10.1007/s13596-021-00567-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evariste Fongnzossie Fedoung
- Laboratory of Forest Resources and Wood Valorization, University of Douala, PO Box 1872, Douala, Cameroon
- Laboratory of Process Engineering, University of Douala, PO Box 1872, Douala, Cameroon
- Millenium Ecologic Museum, PO Box 8038, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Cameroon Ethnobotany Network, PO Box 8038, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Advanced Technical Teachers Training School for Technical Education, University of Douala,, PO Box 1872, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Achille Bernard Biwole
- Laboratory of Forest Resources and Wood Valorization, University of Douala, PO Box 1872, Douala, Cameroon
| | | | - Marlene Ngansop Tounkam
- Laboratory of Botany, University of Yaoundé 1, PO Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Millenium Ecologic Museum, PO Box 8038, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Patrick Akono Ntonga
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, P.O. Box 2701, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Véronique Priscille Nguiamba
- Advanced Technical Teachers Training School for Technical Education, University of Douala,, PO Box 1872, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Damien Marie Essono
- Laboratory of Botany, University of Yaoundé 1, PO Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Preasious Forbi Funwi
- Laboratory of Botany, University of Yaoundé 1, PO Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Millenium Ecologic Museum, PO Box 8038, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Calvin Tonga
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, P.O. Box 2701, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Guy Merlin Nguenang
- Laboratory of Botany, University of Yaoundé 1, PO Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Cameroon Ethnobotany Network, PO Box 8038, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Victor Kemeuze
- Millenium Ecologic Museum, PO Box 8038, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Cameroon Ethnobotany Network, PO Box 8038, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Denis Jean Sonwa
- Center for International Forestry Research, PO Box 2008, Messa, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Nole Tsabang
- Millenium Ecologic Museum, PO Box 8038, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Cameroon Ethnobotany Network, PO Box 8038, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Zra Tize
- Laboratory of Process Engineering, University of Douala, PO Box 1872, Douala, Cameroon
| | | | - Marie Caroline Momo Solefack
- Cameroon Ethnobotany Network, PO Box 8038, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Laboratory of Applied Botany, University of Dschang, PO Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Jean Lagarde Betti
- Laboratory of Plant Biology and Physiology, University of Douala, P.O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Achille Nouga Bissoue
- Laboratory of Process Engineering, University of Douala, PO Box 1872, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Leopold Gustave Lehman
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, P.O. Box 2701, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Pierre Marie Mapongmetsem
- Millenium Ecologic Museum, PO Box 8038, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Cameroon Ethnobotany Network, PO Box 8038, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Leandre Nneme Nneme
- Advanced Technical Teachers Training School for Technical Education, University of Douala,, PO Box 1872, Douala, Cameroon
| | | | - Jeanne Ngogang Yonkeu
- Cameroon Ethnobotany Network, PO Box 8038, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Cameroon Academy of Science, Douala, Cameroon
- Université des Montagnes, Bangangté, Cameroon
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Jin BR, Ju JY, Nugroho A, Lee M, An HJ. Carica papaya leaf extract inhibits prostatitis-associated prostatic hyperplasia via the TRAF6/TAK1/MEK/NF-κB pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 135:111197. [PMID: 33433362 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostatitis, defined as a pathological inflammatory change in the prostate tissue, is one of the most prevalent urological conditions in men. However, optimal management of prostatitis remains unclear, and treatment outcomes are unsatisfactory owing to adverse effects. Carica papaya leaf extract (PAL) is known for its antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anticancer properties; however, evidence of its anti-inflammatory effect in prostatic tissues remains elusive. In this study, the therapeutic effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of PAL in mice with experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) and a prostatic cell line (RWPE-1 cells) exposed to inflammatory conditioned medium were investigated. PAL suppressed pathological alterations in EAP and markedly reduced prostate weight in EAP mice. Histological analysis revealed that PAL alleviates prostatic hyperplasia. Furthermore, PAL significantly reduced cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA and protein expression; production of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and transforming growth factor-β; and TRAF6/TAK1/MEK/ERK and NF-κB pathway-related protein expression. TRAF6/TAK1/MEK/ERK and NF-κB pathway-related proteins were upregulated in inflammatory conditioned medium-stimulated RWPE-1 cells, but PAL reduced the expression of these markers. Particularly, PAL treatment suppressed the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 and phosphorylation of p65 in RWPE-1 cells exposed to the inflammatory conditioned medium. Collectively, the results demonstrate the anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects of PAL in the experimental prostatitis model, which highlights the potential of PAL as a new therapeutic agent in the treatment of prostatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Ram Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, 83 Sangjidae-gil, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yun Ju
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, 83 Sangjidae-gil, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Agung Nugroho
- Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarbaru, Indonesia
| | - Minho Lee
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyo-Jin An
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, 83 Sangjidae-gil, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, 26339, Republic of Korea.
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Kittiwattanokhun A, Samosorn S, Innajak S, Watanapokasin R. Inhibitory effects on chondrosarcoma cell metastasis by Senna alata extract. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111337. [PMID: 33582453 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Senna alata L. Roxb or candle bush is a traditional medicinal plant with a wide range of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antifungal. Leaf extract of S. alata showed the anti-tumor activity in various cancer cell lines. In this study, we focused on the inhibitory mechanism of S. alata extract (SAE) on cancer metastasis including cell migration, cell invasion and signaling pathways in chondrosarcoma SW1353 cells. PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the anti-metastatic mechanisms of Senna alata extract on chondrosarcoma SW1353 cells. METHODS Screening for phytochemicals in biologically active fraction of SAE was analysed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Cell viability and cytoxicity were determined by using MTT assay. Cell migration was observed by scratch wound healing and transwell migration assay. Cell invasion and cell adhesion assay were examined by Matrigel coated transwell chambers or plates. The expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), MAPKs and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways and NF-κB were detected by Western blot analysis. RESULTS The SAE treatment at the sub-cytoxic and non-cytotoxic concentrations significantly inhibited cell migration, cell invasion and cell adhesion of SW1353 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The results from Western blot analysis showed decreased MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression, while increased TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 expression in SAE treated cells. Moreover, SAE suppressed phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38 and Akt but decreased NF-κB transcription factor expression in SW1353 cells. CONCLUSION These results revealed that SAE could reduce MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression by downregulation of NF-κB which is downstream of MAPKs and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in SW1353 cells resulting in reduced cancer cell migration and invasion. Therefore, SAE may have the potential use as an alternative treatment of chondrosarcoma metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athicha Kittiwattanokhun
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, 114 Sukhumvit 23, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Siritron Samosorn
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, 114 Sukhumvit 23, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Sukanda Innajak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, 114 Sukhumvit 23, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Ramida Watanapokasin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, 114 Sukhumvit 23, Bangkok 10110, Thailand.
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Minutolo A, Potestà M, Roglia V, Cirilli M, Iacovelli F, Cerva C, Fokam J, Desideri A, Andreoni M, Grelli S, Colizzi V, Muleo R, Montesano C. Plant microRNAs from Moringa oleifera Regulate Immune Response and HIV Infection. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:620038. [PMID: 33643043 PMCID: PMC7905167 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.620038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional medicine is often chosen due to its affordability, its familiarity with patient’s cultural practices, and its wider access to the local community. Plants play an important role in providing indispensable nutrients, while specific small RNAs can regulate human gene expression in a cross-kingdom manner. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of plant-enriched purified extract microRNAs from Moringa oleifera seeds (MO) on the immune response and on HIV infection. Bioinformatic analysis shows that plant microRNAs (p-miRs) from MO belonging to 18 conserved families, including p-miR160h, p-miR166, p-miR482b, p-miR159c, p-miR395d, p-miR2118a, p-miR393a, p-miR167f-3p, and p-miR858b are predicted to target with high affinity BCL2, IL2RA, TNF, and VAV1, all these being involved in the cell cycle, apoptosis, immune response and also in the regulation of HIV pathogenesis. The effects of MO p-miRs transfected into HIV+ PBMCs were analyzed and revealed a decrease in viability associated with an increase of apoptosis; an increase of T helper cells expressing Fas and a decrease of intracellular Bcl2 protein expression. Meanwhile no effects were detected in PBMCs from healthy donors. In CD4+ T cells, transfection significantly reduced cell activation and modified the T cell differentiation, thereby decreasing both central and effector memory cells while increasing terminal effector memory cells. Interestingly, the p-miRs transfection induces a reduction of intracellular HIV p24 protein and a reduction of viral DNA integration. Finally, we evaluated the effect of synthetic (mimic) p-miR858b whose sequence is present in the MO p-miR pool and predicted to target VAV1, a protein involved in HIV-Nef binding. This protein plays a pivotal role in T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling, so triggering the activation of various pathways. The transfection of HIV+ PBMCs with the synthetic p-miR858b showed a reduced expression of VAV1 and HIV p24 proteins. Overall, our evidence defines putative mechanisms underlying a supplementary benefit of traditional medicine, alongside current antiretroviral therapy, in managing HIV infection in resource-limited settings where MO remains widely available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Potestà
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Roglia
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Cirilli
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Science, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.,Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Carlotta Cerva
- Department of System Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Joseph Fokam
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Massimo Andreoni
- Department of System Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Sandro Grelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Colizzi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Evangelic University of Cameroon, Bandjoun, Cameroon
| | - Rosario Muleo
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Science, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Carla Montesano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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20
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Singh SP, Kumar S, Mathan SV, Tomar MS, Singh RK, Verma PK, Kumar A, Kumar S, Singh RP, Acharya A. Therapeutic application of Carica papaya leaf extract in the management of human diseases. Daru 2020; 28:735-744. [PMID: 32367410 PMCID: PMC7704890 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-020-00348-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Papaya (Carica papaya Linn.) belongs to the family Caricaceae and is well known for its therapeutic and nutritional properties all over the world. The different parts of the papaya plant have been used since ancient times for its therapeutic applications. Herein, we aimed to review the anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and antiviral activities of papaya leaf. METHODS All information presented in this review article regarding the therapeutic application of Carica papaya leaf extract has been acquired by approaching various electronic databases, including Scopus, Google scholar, Web of science, and PubMed. The keywords Carica papaya, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and phytochemicals were explored until December 2019. RESULTS The papaya plant, including fruit, leaf, seed, bark, latex, and their ingredients play a major role in the management of disease progression. Carica papaya leaf contains active components such as alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, saponins, and flavonoids, which are responsible for its medicinal activity. Additionally, the leaf juice of papaya increases the platelet counts in people suffering from dengue fever. CONCLUSION The major findings revealed that papaya leaf extract has strong medicinal properties such as antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, hypoglycaemic and anti-inflammatory activity. Furthermore, clinical trials are needed to explore the medicative potential of papaya leaf. Graphical abstract Graphical abstract showing the medicinal properties of Carica papaya leaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya P Singh
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Cancer and Radiation Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sivapar V Mathan
- Cancer and Radiation Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Rishi Kant Singh
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | | | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Rana P Singh
- Cancer and Radiation Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
| | - Arbind Acharya
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India.
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Raimi IO, Kopaopa BG, Mugivhisa LL, Lewu FB, Amoo SO, Olowoyo JO. An appraisal of documented medicinal plants used for the treatment of cancer in Africa over a twenty-year period (1998–2018). J Herb Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2020.100371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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22
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Hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and hepatoprotective effects of Polyscias fulva (Hiern) Harms ethanolic bark extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-020-00818-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Ethnobotanical Description and Biological Activities of Senna alata. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:2580259. [PMID: 32148534 PMCID: PMC7054808 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2580259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Senna alata is a medicinal herb of Leguminosae family. It is distributed in the tropical and humid regions. The plant is traditionally used in the treatment of typhoid, diabetes, malaria, asthma, ringworms, tinea infections, scabies, blotch, herpes, and eczema. The review is aimed at unveiling the ethnobotanical description and pharmacological activities of S. alata. Different parts of the plant are reported in folk medicine as therapeutic substances for remediation of diverse diseases and infections. The extracts and isolated compounds displayed pronounced pharmacological activities. Display of antibacterial, antioxidant, antifungal, dermatophytic, anticancer, hepatoprotective, antilipogenic, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, antimalarial, anthelmintic, and antiviral activities could be due to the array of secondary metabolites such as tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes, anthraquinone, saponins, phenolics, cannabinoid alkaloids, 1,8-cineole, caryophyllene, limonene, α-selinene, β-caryophyllene, germacrene D, cinnamic acid, pyrazol-5-ol, methaqualone, isoquinoline, quinones, reducing sugars, steroids, and volatile oils present in different parts of the plant. The review divulges the ethnobotanical and pharmacological activities of the plant and also justifies the ethnomedical claims. The significant medicinal value of this plant necessitates a scientific adventure into the bioactive metabolites which constitute various extracts.
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Abstract
Background:
Carica papaya, a tree-like herb, is cultivated in more than 50 tropical
and subtropical countries worldwide. The parts [leaves, fruit (ripe and unripe), seeds and
latex] are used as food as well as traditional medicine in several ways for a number of diseases.
Papaya, with a variety of phytochemicals like carotenoids, polyphenols, benzyl isothiocynates,
benzyl glucosinates, prunasin (cyanogenic substrate), papain and chymopapain, alkaloids,
phenolic compounds, flavonoids, vitamins (A, C, E), carotenoids, cyanogenicglucosides,
cystatin, and glucosinolates exhibits significant health benefits ranging from digestive
to immune modulation. These compounds have antioxidant, chemoprotective, anti-diabetic,
anti-bacterial, anti-plasmodial and anti-fungal activities. Papaya aqueous leaf extract was
evaluated for immunomodulatory and anti-tumor activities through cytokine modulation
with Th1 type shift in human immune system through molecular studies. The platelet augmenting
potential of aqueous leaf extract has been reported in numerous clinical studies and
deserves special mention.
Objective:
The scientific knowledge of carica papaya in the post-genomic era including molecular
studies and clinical trials is discussed in the review.
Methods:
The published literature on botany, chemical composition, ethnopharmacology,
and uses of papaya in food and medical industry was searched through databases like Pub-
Med, Scopus, and Google scholar to comprehend the benefits of Carica papaya for human
use with around more than 600 published peer- reviewed papers.
Results:
Many traditional and novel uses of Carica papaya for the human benefit are detailed
in the review that significantly adds to the scientific knowledge of curious readers.
Conclusion:
Each component of the papaya plant is rich in phytochemicals and is economically
important. Most of the phytochemicals are linked to biological functions and influence
a variety of cellular processes; hence they have implications in refining human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave Heena
- Directorate of Research & Innovation, Nirma University, Ahmedabad - 382 481, India
| | - Trivedi Sunil
- FRIGE's Institute of Human Genetics, Ahmedabad - 380015, India
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Amin AH, Bughdadi FA, Abo-Zaid MA, Ismail AH, El-Agamy SA, Alqahtani A, El-Sayyad HIH, Rezk BM, Ramadan MF. Immunomodulatory effect of papaya (Carica papaya) pulp and seed extracts as a potential natural treatment for bacterial stress. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e13050. [PMID: 31571245 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The current study evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of Carica papaya pulp and seeds methanol (MeOH) extracts on mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified 10 active constituents in C. papaya seed MeOH extract and 10 compounds in C. papaya pulp MeOH extract. The experimental animals were divided into negative control (G1) group, positive control (G2) group, pulp extract treated (G3) group, and seed extract treated (G4) group. After infection of animals (G2, G3, and G4), treatments were started for 3 weeks. Estimation of the immunological parameters showed a marked decrease in IgM levels and an increase in IgG levels in the treated groups (G3 and G4) compared with those in G2. The proinflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-12, IL-1β, IL-6, and TGF-β1) were decreased in the treated groups (G3 and G4) compared with those in G2. Nitric oxide levels were also decreased, and the percentages of phagocytosis increased compared with those of G2. The results demonstrated the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of C. papaya pulp and seeds MeOH extracts. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Based on the antioxidant and antibacterial activities exhibited by the pulp and seed MeOH extracts investigated in this study, Carica papaya might be considered as a natural source of phytochemicals that could be utilized in novel foods and pharmaceuticals. Further investigation are needed to identify and purify compounds that might be responsible for the observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H Amin
- Deanship of Scientific Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Department of Natural Sciences, Southern University at New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Faisal A Bughdadi
- Biology Department, University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mabrouk A Abo-Zaid
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Jazan university, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H Ismail
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Jazan university, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif A El-Agamy
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Jazan university, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Alqahtani
- Deanship of Scientific Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Bashir Mahmoud Rezk
- Department of Natural Sciences, Southern University at New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan
- Deanship of Scientific Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Agricultural Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Potestà M, Minutolo A, Gismondi A, Canuti L, Kenzo M, Roglia V, Macchi F, Grelli S, Canini A, Colizzi V, Montesano C. Cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of different extracts of Moringa oleifera Lam on lymphoid and monocytoid cells. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:5-17. [PMID: 31258632 PMCID: PMC6566050 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera Lam. (MO) is one of the most well-known and widely distributed species of the Moringaceae family in African communities, and various preparations of M. oleifera are used for the treatment of several diseases. Due to the extensive worldwide use of MO products, and the use of MO aqueous extract in traditional African medicine, the aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-proliferative, cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic activities of different aqueous extracts from leaves and seeds of M. oleifera (MOE), which have been prepared using different protocols, in lymphoid and monocytoid cells. The results of the present study demonstrated the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of the aqueous extracts obtained from M. oleifera leaves and seeds on tumour cells; however, not on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors. The pro-apoptotic effect of MO seed aqueous extract (MOE-S) was correlated with decreased B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) and sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) protein expression, which are involved in apoptosis. Considering the effects of plant secondary metabolites on human cells and the role of plant microRNA in cross-kingdom interactions, the presence of secondary metabolites and microRNA in MOE was characterised. In conclusion, M. oleifera aqueous extracts appeared to be able to differentially regulate proliferation and apoptosis in healthy cells and cancer cells, and this ability could be associated with the microRNA present in the extracts. These results highlighted the possible use of MOE as an adjuvant in traditional cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Potestà
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Minutolo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Gismondi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorena Canuti
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Maurice Kenzo
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang B.P. 96, Cameroon
| | - Valentina Roglia
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Macchi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sandro Grelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Canini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Colizzi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Montesano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', I-00133 Rome, Italy
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Characterisation of the Convective Hot-Air Drying and Vacuum Microwave Drying of Cassia alata: Antioxidant Activity, Essential Oil Volatile Composition and Quality Studies. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081625. [PMID: 31022967 PMCID: PMC6515325 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The preservation of active constituents in Cassia alata through the removal of moisture is crucial in producing a final product with high antioxidant activity. This study aims to determine the influences of various drying methods and drying conditions on the antioxidant activity, volatiles and phytosterols content of C. alata. The drying methods used were convective drying (CD) at 40 °C, 50 °C and 60 °C; freeze drying; vacuum microwave drying (VMD) at 6, 9 and 12 W/g; and two-stage convective pre-drying followed by vacuum microwave finish drying (CPD-VMFD) at 50 °C and 9 W/g. The drying kinetics of C. alata are best described by the thin-layer model (modified Page model). The highest antioxidant activity, TPC and volatile concentration were achieved with CD at 40 °C. GC–MS analysis identified the presence of 51 volatiles, which were mostly present in all samples but with quantitative variation. The dominant volatiles in fresh C. alata are 2-hexenal (60.28 mg 100 g−1 db), 1-hexanol (18.70 mg 100 g−1 db) and salicylic acid (15.05 mg 100 g−1 db). The concentration of phytosterols in fresh sample was 3647.48 mg 100 g−1 db, and the major phytosterols present in fresh and dried samples were β-sitosterol (1162.24 mg 100 g−1 db). CPD-VMFD was effective in ensuring the preservation of higher phytosterol content in comparison with CD at 50 °C. The final recommendation of a suitable drying method to dehydrate C. alata leaves is CD at 40 °C.
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Norahmad NA, Mohd Abd Razak MR, Mohmad Misnan N, Md Jelas NH, Sastu UR, Muhammad A, Ho TCD, Jusoh B, Zolkifli NA, Thayan R, Mat Ripen A, Zainol M, Syed Mohamed AF. Effect of freeze-dried Carica papaya leaf juice on inflammatory cytokines production during dengue virus infection in AG129 mice. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:44. [PMID: 30744623 PMCID: PMC6371484 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2438-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Carica papaya leaves have been used for traditional treatment of dengue fever and have been reported to exhibit an immunomodulatory activity by affecting the level of cytokine production in vitro and in vivo. Due to the lack of adequate in vivo evidence in dengue disease model, the present study was initiated to screen and identify the cytokines affected by freeze-dried C. papaya leaf juice (FCPLJ) treatment in AG129 mice infected with DEN-2 dengue virus. Methods The AG129 mice were fed orally with FCPLJ for 3 consecutive days after 24 h of dengue virus inoculation. Plasma cytokines were screened by using ProcartaPlex immunoassay. The gene expression in the liver was analyzed by using RT2 Profiler PCR Array. Results The results showed that FCPLJ treatment has increased the plasma CCL2/MCP-1 level during peak of viremia. Gene expression study has identified 8 inflammatory cytokine genes which were downregulated in the liver of infected AG129 mice treated with FCPLJ. The downregulated inflammatory cytokine genes were CCL6/MRP-1, CCL8/MCP-2, CCL12/MCP-5, CCL17/TARC, IL1R1, IL1RN/IL1Ra, NAMPT/PBEF1 and PF4/CXCL4. Conclusion The findings indicated the possible immunomodulatory role of FCPLJ during dengue virus infection in AG129 mice. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-019-2438-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Abouzed TK, Sadek KM, Ayoub MM, Saleh EA, Nasr SM, El-Sayed YS, Shoukry M. Papaya extract upregulates the immune and antioxidants-related genes, and proteins expression in milk somatic cells of Friesian dairy cows. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 103:407-415. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tarek K. Abouzed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kafr El-Sheikh University; Kafr El-Sheikh Egypt
| | - Kadry M. Sadek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Damanhour University; Damanhour Egypt
| | - Mousa M. Ayoub
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Zoonosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Damanhour University; Damanhour Egypt
| | - Ebeed A. Saleh
- Department of Milk and Meat Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Damanhour University; Damanhour Egypt
| | - Sherif M. Nasr
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Damanhour University; Damanhour Egypt
| | - Yasser S. El-Sayed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Damanhour University; Damanhour Egypt
| | - Moustafa Shoukry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kafr El-Sheikh University; Kafr El-Sheikh Egypt
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Rufin Marie TK, Mbetyoumoun Mfouapon H, Madiesse Kemgne EA, Jiatsa Mbouna CD, Tsouh Fokou PV, Sahal D, Fekam Boyom F. Anti-Plasmodium falciparum Activity of Extracts from 10 Cameroonian Medicinal Plants. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 5:E115. [PMID: 30380685 PMCID: PMC6313623 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5040115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background: In the midst of transient victories by way of insecticides against mosquitoes or drugs against malaria, the most serious form of malaria, caused by Plasmodium falciparum, continues to be a major public health problem. The emergence of drug-resistant malaria parasites facilitated by fake medications or the use of single drugs has worsened the situation, thereby emphasizing the need for a continued search for potent, safe, and affordable new antimalarial treatments. In line with this need, we have investigated the antiplasmodial activity of 66 different extracts prepared from 10 different medicinal plants that are native to Cameroon. Methods: Extracts were evaluated for their capacity to inhibit the growth of the chloroquine-sensitive (Pf3D7) and resistant (PfINDO) strains of P. falciparum using the SYBR green fluorescence method. The cytotoxicity of promising extracts against human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293T) mammalian cells was assessed by MTT assay. Results: The antiplasmodial activity (50% inhibitory concentration, IC50) of plant extracts ranged from 1.90 to >100 μg/mL against the two strains. Six extracts exhibited good activity against both Pf3D7 and PfINDO strains, including cold water, water decoction, and ethyl acetate extracts of leaves of Drypetes principum (Müll.Arg.) Hutch. (IC503D7/INDO = 4.91/6.64 μg/mL, 5.49/5.98 μg/mL, and 6.49/7.10 μg/mL respectively), water decoction extract of leaves of Terminalia catappa L. (IC503D7/INDO = 6.41/8.10 μg/mL), and water decoction extracts of leaves and bark of Terminalia mantaly H.Perrier (IC503D7/INDO = 2.49/1.90 μg/mL and 3.70/2.80 μg/mL respectively). These promising extracts showed no cytotoxicity against HEK293T up to 200 μg/mL, giving selectivity indices (SIs) in the range of >31.20⁻80.32. Conclusions: While providing credence to the use of D. principum, T. catappa, and T. mantaly in the traditional treatment of malaria, the results achieved set the stage for isolation and identification of active principles and ancillary molecules that may provide us with new drugs or drug combinations to fight against drug-resistant malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toghueo Kouipou Rufin Marie
- Antimicrobial & Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 812, Cameroon.
| | - Heroine Mbetyoumoun Mfouapon
- Antimicrobial & Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 812, Cameroon.
| | - Eugenie Aimée Madiesse Kemgne
- Antimicrobial & Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 812, Cameroon.
| | - Cedric Derick Jiatsa Mbouna
- Antimicrobial & Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 812, Cameroon.
| | - Patrick Valere Tsouh Fokou
- Antimicrobial & Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 812, Cameroon.
| | - Dinkar Sahal
- Malaria Research Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Fabrice Fekam Boyom
- Antimicrobial & Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 812, Cameroon.
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Gastroprotective effects of methanol extract of Eremomastax speciosa leaf harvested in Southern part of Nigeria in rat. EUROBIOTECH JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/ebtj-2018-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Gastric ulcer is one of the common cause of hospital consultation with an increasing prevalence worldwide and it is traditionally managed with herbal medicine in the developing countries. This study investigated the gastroprotective effects of methanol extract of Eremomastax speciosa leaf in rats. Cold maceration in 80% methanol was adopted during extract preparation while gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) was employed in the phytochemical analysis. The doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg E. speciosa were used on ethanol-and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer models in rats. The shay rat method was used to determine the effects of ESE on gastric acidity while the anticholinergic and antihistaminic activities were investigated on isolated rabbit jejunum ex vivo. The GC-MS analysis identified six bioactive compounds. Both ESE and cimetidine significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the severity of indomethacin- and ethanol-induced gastric injuries and gastric acid contents in Shay rats. The extract elicited concentration-dependent relaxation of isolated rabbit jejunum and reduced the contraction induced by both acetylcholine and histamine in the same tissue. The findings showed that ESE protected the rats against chemical-induced gastric ulcer through anticholinergic and antihistaminic mechanisms.
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Minutolo A, Potestà M, Gismondi A, Pirrò S, Cirilli M, Gattabria F, Galgani A, Sessa L, Mattei M, Canini A, Muleo R, Colizzi V, Montesano C. Olea europaea small RNA with functional homology to human miR34a in cross-kingdom interaction of anti-tumoral response. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12413. [PMID: 30120339 PMCID: PMC6098056 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30718-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional foods include compounds with nutritional and health properties. The human diet could play a stronger role in cancer prevention. Only a few studies have described the presence of plant small RNA, in humans who were fed with plant foods, which demonstrated the ability of these molecules to modulate consumer's genes and evidenced the existence of a plant-animal regulation. Through in silico prediction, Olea europaea small RNAs (sRs), which had been previously reported as miRNAs, were identified, each with functional homology to hsa-miR34a. According to this initial funding, we investigated the ability of oeu-sRs to regulate tumorigenesis in human cells. The transfection of these synthetic oeu-sRs reduced the protein expression of hsa-miR34a mRNA targets, increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation in different tumor cells; by contrast, no effect was observed in PBMCs from healthy donors. The introduction of oeu-small RNA in hsa-miR34a-deficient tumor cells restores its function, whereas cells with normal expression of endogenous hsa-miR34a remained unaffected. The natural oeu-small RNAs that were extracted from O. europaea drupes induce the same effects as synthetic sRs. Careful research on the small RNA sequences executed for mapping and annotation in the genome of O. europaea var. Sylvestris and var. Farga led to the hypothesis that RNA fragments with functional homology to human miRNAs could be generated from the degradation of regions of RNA transcripts. These results indicate the possibility of developing novel natural non-toxic drugs that contain active plant-derived tumor-suppressing small RNA with functional homology to hsa-miRNAs and that can support antineoplastic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Potestà
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Gismondi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Pirrò
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Mir-Nat s.r.l, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Cirilli
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry, Science, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Fabiano Gattabria
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry, Science, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Andrea Galgani
- Mir-Nat s.r.l, Rome, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Animal Technology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Libera Sessa
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Mattei
- Interdepartmental Center for Animal Technology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Canini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Rosario Muleo
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry, Science, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Vittorio Colizzi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Mir-Nat s.r.l, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Montesano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
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Oguntibeju OO. Medicinal plants with anti-inflammatory activities from selected countries and regions of Africa. J Inflamm Res 2018; 11:307-317. [PMID: 30122972 PMCID: PMC6086115 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s167789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Various nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been shown to reduce pain and inflammation by blocking the metabolism of arachidonic acid by isoform of cyclooxygenase enzyme, thereby reducing the production of prostaglandin. Sadly, there are many side effects associated with the administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. However, there are medicinal plants with anti-inflammatory therapeutic effects with low or no side effects. The Afri-can continent is richly endowed with diverse medicinal plants with anti-inflammatory activities that have been shown to be effective in the treatment of inflammatory conditions in traditional medicine. Interestingly, scientists have examined some of these African medicinal plants and documented their biological and therapeutic activities. Unfortunately, medicinal plants from different countries in Africa with anti-inflammatory properties have not been documented in a single review paper. It is important to document the ethnobotanical knowledge and applications of anti-inflammatory medicinal plants from selected countries representing different regions of the African continent. This paper therefore documents anti-inflammatory activities of various medicinal plants from different geographical regions of Africa with the aim of presenting the diversity of medicinal plants that are of traditional or therapeutic use in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwafemi O Oguntibeju
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa,
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Mozaniel SDO, Wanessa ADC, Fernanda WFB, Marilena EA, Gracialda CF, Raul NDCJ. Phytochemical profile and biological activities of Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae): A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.5897/ajb2017.16374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Bading Taika B, Bouckandou M, Souza A, Bourobou Bourobou HP, MacKenzie LS, Lione L. An overview of anti-diabetic plants used in Gabon: Pharmacology and toxicology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 216:203-228. [PMID: 29305175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The management of diabetes mellitus management in African communities, especially in Gabon, is not well established as more than 60% of population rely on traditional treatments as primary healthcare. The aim of this review was to collect and present the scientific evidence for the use of medicinal plants that are in currect by Gabonese traditional healers to manage diabetes or hyperglycaemia based here on the pharmacological and toxicological profiles of plants with anti-diabetic activity. There are presented in order to promote their therapeutic value, ensure a safer use by population and provide some bases for further study on high potential plants reviewed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethnobotanical studies were sourced using databases such as Online Wiley library, Pubmed, Google Scholar, PROTA, books and unpublished data including Ph.D. and Master thesis, African and Asian journals. Keywords including 'Diabetes', 'Gabon', 'Toxicity', 'Constituents', 'hyperglycaemia' were used. RESULTS A total of 69 plants currently used in Gabon with potential anti-diabetic activity have been identified in the literature, all of which have been used in in vivo or in vitro studies. Most of the plants have been studied in human or animal models for their ability to reduce blood glucose, stimulate insulin secretion or inhibit carbohydrates enzymes. Active substances have been identified in 12 out of 69 plants outlined in this review, these include Allium cepa and Tabernanthe iboga. Only eight plants have their active substances tested for anti-diabetic activity and are suitables for further investigation. Toxicological data is scarce and is dose-related to the functional parameters of major organs such as kidney and liver. CONCLUSION An in-depth understanding on the pharmacology and toxicology of Gabonese anti-diabetic plants is lacking yet there is a great scope for new treatments. With further research, the use of Gabonese anti-diabetic plants is important to ensure the safety of the diabetic patients in Gabon.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bading Taika
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Postgraduate Medicine, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, UK; IPHAMETRA Institute, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, CENAREST, Libreville, Gabon.
| | - M Bouckandou
- IPHAMETRA Institute, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, CENAREST, Libreville, Gabon
| | - A Souza
- Institut National Supérieur d'Agronomie et de Biotechnologies (INSAB), Franceville, Gabon
| | - H P Bourobou Bourobou
- IPHAMETRA Institute, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, CENAREST, Libreville, Gabon
| | - L S MacKenzie
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Postgraduate Medicine, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, UK
| | - L Lione
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Postgraduate Medicine, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, UK
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Fatima I, Kanwal S, Mahmood T. Evaluation of biological potential of selected species of family Poaceae from Bahawalpur, Pakistan. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:27. [PMID: 29361962 PMCID: PMC5781344 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2092-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress as well as bacterial and fungal infections are common source of diseases while plants are source of medication for curative or protective purposes. Hence, aim of study was to compare the pharmacological potential of seven grass species in two different solvents i.e. ethanol and acetone. Methods Preliminary phytochemical tests were done and antioxidant activities were evaluated using ELISA and their IC50 values and AAI (%) were recorded. ANOVA was used for statistical analyses. DNA damage protection assay was done using p1391Z plasmid DNA and DNA bands were analyzed. Antimicrobial activity was done via disc diffusion method and MIC and Activity Index were determined. Cytotoxic activity was carried out using the brine shrimps’ assay and LC50 values were calculated using probit analysis program. Results Phytochemical studies confirmed the presence of secondary metabolites in most of the plant extracts. Maximum antioxidant potential was revealed in DiAEE, DiAAE (AAI- 54.54% and 43.24%) and DaAEE and DaAAE (AAI- 49.13% and 44.52%). However, PoAEE and PoAAE showed minimum antioxidant potential (AAI- 41.04% and 34.11%). SaSEE, DiAEE and ElIEE showed very little DNA damage protection activity. In antimicrobial assay, DaAEE significantly inhibited the growth of most of the microbial pathogens (nine microbes out of eleven tested microbes) among ethanol extracts while DaAAE and ImCAE showed maximum inhibition (eight microbes out of eleven tested microbes) among acetone plant extracts. However, PoAEE and PoAAE showed least antimicrobial activity. F. oxysporum and A. niger were revealed as the most resistant micro-organisms. ImCEA and ImCAE showed maximum cytotoxic potential (LC50 11.004 ppm and 7.932 ppm) as compared to the other plant extracts. Conclusion Fodder grasses also contains a substantial phenols and flavonoids contents along with other secondary metabolites and, hence, possess a significant medicinal value. Ethanol extracts showed more therapeutic potential as compared to the acetone extracts. This study provides experimental evidence that the selected species contains such valuable natural compounds which can be used as medicinal drugs in future.
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Mbele M, Hull R, Dlamini Z. African medicinal plants and their derivatives: Current efforts towards potential anti-cancer drugs. Exp Mol Pathol 2017; 103:121-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Sobeh M, Mahmoud MF, Hasan RA, Cheng H, El-Shazly AM, Wink M. Senna singueana: Antioxidant, Hepatoprotective, Antiapoptotic Properties and Phytochemical Profiling of a Methanol Bark Extract. Molecules 2017; 22:E1502. [PMID: 28885586 PMCID: PMC6151733 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products are considered as an important source for the discovery of new drugs to treat aging-related degenerative diseases and liver injury. The present study profiled the chemical constituents of a methanol extract from Senna singueana bark using HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS and 36 secondary metabolites were identified. Proanthocyanidins dominated the extract. Monomers, dimers, trimers of (epi)catechin, (epi)gallocatechin, (epi)guibourtinidol, (ent)cassiaflavan, and (epi)afzelechin represented the major constituents. The extract demonstrated notable antioxidant activities in vitro: In DPPH (EC50 of 20.8 µg/mL), FRAP (18.16 mM FeSO₄/mg extract) assays, and total phenolic content amounted 474 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g extract determined with the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Also, in an in vivo model, the extract increased the survival rate of Caenorhabditis elegans worms pretreated with the pro-oxidant juglone from 43 to 64%, decreased intracellular ROS inside the wild-type nematodes by 47.90%, and induced nuclear translocation of the transcription factor DAF-16 in the transgenic strain TJ356. Additionally, the extract showed a remarkable hepatoprotective activity against d-galactosamine (d-GalN) induced hepatic injury in rats. It significantly reduced elevated AST (aspartate aminotransferase), and total bilirubin. Moreover, the extract induced a strong cytoplasmic Bcl-2 expression indicating suppression of apoptosis. In conclusion, the bark extract of S. sengueana represents an interesting candidate for further research in antioxidants and liver protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Sobeh
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
| | - Mona F Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Rehab A Hasan
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt.
| | - Haroan Cheng
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
| | - Assem M El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
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Kargutkar S, Brijesh S. Anti-inflammatory evaluation and characterization of leaf extract of Ananas comosus. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 26:469-477. [PMID: 28766086 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0379-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ananas comosus (L.) Merr (Pineapple) is a tropical plant with an edible fruit. In the present study, the potential anti-inflammatory activity of A. comosus leaf extract (ALE) was studied. ALE prepared using soxhlet apparatus was subjected to preliminary qualitative phytochemical analysis and quantitative estimations of flavonoids and tannins. The components present in ALE were identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Inhibitory effects of ALE on protein denaturation, and proteinase activity were assessed. Its effect on secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages was also analyzed. Further, its anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced inflammatory rat model was examined. The preliminary qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed presence of flavonoids, phenols, tannins, carbohydrates, glycosides, and proteins in the extract. Total flavonoids and total tannins were 0.17 ± 0.006 mg equivalent of quercetin/g of ALE and 4.04 ± 0.56 mg equivalent of gallic acid/g of ALE. LC-MS analysis identified the presence of 4-hydroxy pelargonic acid, 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic and 4-methoxycinnamic acid, whereas GC-MS analysis identified the presence of campesterol and ethyl isoallocholate that have been previously reported for anti-inflammatory activity. ALE showed significant inhibition of protein denaturation and proteinase activity and also controlled secretion of tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and prostaglandins, as well as the generation of reactive oxygen species by activated macrophages. ALE also significantly decreased carrageenan-induced acute paw edema. The study, therefore, identified the components present in ALE that may be responsible for its anti-inflammatory activity and thus demonstrated its potential use against acute inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Kargutkar
- Sunandan Divatia School of Science, NMIMS (Deemed-to-be) University, 3rd Floor, Bhaidas Sabhagriha Building, Bhaktivedanta Swami Marg, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - S Brijesh
- Sunandan Divatia School of Science, NMIMS (Deemed-to-be) University, 3rd Floor, Bhaidas Sabhagriha Building, Bhaktivedanta Swami Marg, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400056, India.
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Odonne G, Houël E, Bourdy G, Stien D. Treating leishmaniasis in Amazonia: A review of ethnomedicinal concepts and pharmaco-chemical analysis of traditional treatments to inspire modern phytotherapies. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 199:211-230. [PMID: 28131912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis are neglected tropical diseases that occur in all intertropical regions of the world. Amazonian populations have developed an abundant knowledge of the disease and its remedies. Therefore, we undertook to review traditional antileishmanial plants in Amazonia and have developed new tools to analyze this somewhat dispersed information. MATERIAL AND METHODS A literature review of traditional remedies for cutaneous/mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in the Amazon was conducted and the data obtained was used to calculate distribution indexes designed to highlight the most relevant uses in Amazonia. The cultural distribution index represents the distribution rate of a given taxon among different cultural groups and was calculated as the ratio of the number of groups using the taxon to the total number of groups cited. The geographical distribution index allowed us to quantify spatial distribution of a taxon's uses in Amazonia and was calculated geometrically by measuring the average distance between the points where uses have been reported and the barycenter of those points. The general distribution index was defined as an arithmetic combination of the previous two and provides information on both cultural and spatial criteria. RESULTS 475 use reports, concerning 291 botanical species belonging to 83 families have been gathered depicted from 29 sources. Uses concern 34 cultural groups. While the use of some taxa appears to be Pan-Amazonian, some others are clearly restricted to small geographical regions. Particular attention has been paid to the recipes and beliefs surrounding treatments. Topical application of the remedies dominated the other means of administration and this deserves particular attention as the main treatments against Neotropical leishmaniasis are painful systemic injections. The data set was analyzed using the previously defined distribution indexes and the most relevant taxa were further discussed from a phytochemical and pharmacological point of view. CONCLUSIONS The Amazonian biodiversity and cultural heritage host a fantastic amount of data whose systematic investigation should allow a better large-scale understanding of the dynamics of traditional therapies and the consequent discovery of therapeutic solutions for neglected diseases. Distribution indices are indeed powerful tools for emphasizing the most relevant treatments against a given disease and should be very useful in the meta-analysis of other regional pharmacopeia. This focus on renowned remedies that have not yet benefitted from extended laboratory studies, could stimulate future research on new treatments of natural origin for leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Odonne
- Laboratoire Ecologie, Evolution, Interactions des Systèmes Amazoniens (LEEISA), CNRS, Université de Guyane, IFREMER, 97300 Cayenne, France.
| | - Emeline Houël
- CNRS, UMR EcoFoG, AgroParisTech, Cirad, INRA, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, 97300 Cayenne, France
| | | | - Didier Stien
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM), Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
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Naowaboot J, Piyabhan P. Senna alata leaf extract restores insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-016-0032-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Neamsuvan O, Bunmee P. A survey of herbal weeds for treating skin disorders from Southern Thailand: Songkhla and Krabi Province. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 193:574-585. [PMID: 27693346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Skin diseases are common health problems which affecting to all ages. In Thailand, the number of patients diagnosed with skin diseases is increasing every year. Nowadays, The Ministry of Public Health is supporting and promoting herbs for treating various disorders, including disorders of the skin to reduce the problem of antibiotic resistance and adverse drug reactions. This study aimed to: (1) enumerate the herbal weeds for treating skin disorders; (2) study local knowledge of weed utilization for treating skin disorders according to the folk healers in Songkhla and Krabi province; and (3) study quantitative data by Informant consensus factor (ICF), Use value (UV) and Fidelity level (FL) value. MATERIALS AND METHODS Field surveys and Semi-structured interviews about the local names, parts of plants used, preparation and use method, as well as local properties were done. The data were further analyzed by descriptive statistics, interpretation and quantitative indexes (ICF, UV as well as FL). RESULTS The results discovered 44 herbal species of weeds belonging to 41 genera in 25 families. The most used plant families were Amaranthaceae (6 species). Most plants were used to treat abscess (18 species; 40.91%). The highest UV was recorded for Commelina benghalensis (0.65). The highest ICF values were found in vitiligo, ringworm, tinea versicolor and burns (1.00 each). The highest FL values were recorded for Cleome gynandra, Cleome viscosa, Sphenoclea zeylanica, Acmella oleracea, Leersia hexandra, Cyperus involucratus, Phyllanthus urinaria and Iresine herbstii (100.00 each). A review of the literatures revealed that 34 plant species had already been tested for their pharmacological activities. The biological activities associated with treatment of skin diseases can be divided into four categories: antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, wound healing and antioxidant activity. CONCLUSION The information indicates that herbal weedy utilization is still importance to the treatment of traditional healers through accumulated experience for a long time. Therefore, this study is a guide to the conservation of folk medicinal knowledge. It might be implied as the basis for drug development and application of herbal weeds to treat skin disorders along with promoting sustainable use of natural resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oratai Neamsuvan
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
| | - Pattaraporn Bunmee
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
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Sompong W, Muangngam N, Kongpatpharnich A, Manacharoenlarp C, Amorworasin C, Suantawee T, Thilavech T, Adisakwattana S. The inhibitory activity of herbal medicines on the keys enzymes and steps related to carbohydrate and lipid digestion. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:439. [PMID: 27814716 PMCID: PMC5097378 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1424-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and overweight are consistently associated with metabolic disorders including hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Herbal medicines have been currently suggested as an alternative source of potentially useful antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant activities. The objective of this study was to assess the in vitro inhibitory effects of eleven herbal medicines on carbohydrate and lipid digestive enzymes and the key steps of lipid digestion including the inhibition of micelle formation and the ability to bind bile acid. In addition, antioxidant activity of herbal medicines was also investigated. METHODS α-Glucosidase, pancreatic α-amylase, pancreatic lipase, and pancreatic cholesterol esterase inhibitory activities of aqueous extract of herbal medicines were measured using the enzymatic colorimetric assay. The formation of cholesterol micelles was determined using the cholesterol assay kit. The bile acid binding was measured using the colorimetric assay. Antioxidant activities were assessed by using four methods including Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), oxygen radical absorbance capacity ORAC), superoxide radical scavenging activity (SRSA), and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (HRSA). RESULTS The extracts (1 mg/mL) markedly inhibited intestinal maltase (5.16 - 44.33 %), sucrase (1.25-45.86 %), pancreatic α-amylase (1.75-12.53 %), pancreatic lipase (21.42-85.93 %), and pancreatic cholesterol esterase (2.92-53.35 %). The results showed that all extracts exhibited the inhibitory activity against pancreatic lipase with the IC50 values ranging from 0.015 to 4.259 mg/mL. In addition, the incorporation of cholesterol into micelles was inhibited by the extracts (6.64-33.74 %). The extracts also bound glycodeoxycholic acid (9.9-15.08 %), taurodeoxycholic acid (12.55-18.18 %), and taurocholic acid (11.91 - 18.4 %). Furthermore, the extracts possessed various antioxidant activities including the TEAC values (0.50 - 4.70 μmol trolox/mg dried extract), the ORAC values (9.14-44.41 μmol trolox/mg dried extract), the SRSA (0.31 - 18.82 mg trolox/mg dried extract), and the HRSA (0.05-2.29 mg trolox/mg dried extract). The findings indicated that Syzygium aromaticum, Phyllanthus amarus, Thunbergia laurifolia were the effective promising antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic agents. Statistical analysis demonstrated strong positive significant correlations between the contents of phenolic compounds and % inhibition of pancreatic lipase (r = 0.885, p < 0.001), % inhibition of pancreatic cholesterol esterase (r = 0.761, p < 0.001), and the TEAC value (r = 0.840, p < 0.001). Furthermore, there was a strongly positive correlation between the TEAC value and % inhibition of pancreatic cholesterol esterase (r = 0.851, p < 0.001) and % inhibition of pancreatic lipase (r = 0.755, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Three herbal medicines including Syzygium aromaticum, Thunbergia laurifolia, and Phyllanthus amarus markedly inhibited the intestinal α-glucosidase, pancreatic α-amylase, pancreatic lipase, and pancreatic cholesterol esterase. They also reduced formation of cholesterol micelle and bound bile acid. The findings indicate that these herbal medicines might be a promising agent for antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, and antioxidant activities.
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Chen H, Pu J, Liu D, Yu W, Shao Y, Yang G, Xiang Z, He N. Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Properties of Flavonoids from the Fruits of Black Mulberry (Morus nigra L.). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153080. [PMID: 27046026 PMCID: PMC4821529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of total flavonoids (TF) found in black mulberry fruits. The TF content was 20.9 mg/g (dry weight). Two anthocyanins, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (8.3 mg/g) and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside (2.9 mg/g), were identified in the fruits by UPLC. The TF of black mulberry fruits had significant reducing power and radical (OH-, O2.−, DPPH and ABTS) scavenging activities that was demonstrated in a dose-response curve. The TF had inhibitory activities on xylene-induced ear edema and carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. In addition, TF had antinociceptive activities in the two nociceptive phases of formalin test. We used ELISA to detect the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and NO in the serum of mice. These cytokines were significantly inhibited or scavenged by TF (50 and 100 mg/kg). The results demonstrated that TF of black mulberry possess anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects that might correlate to its antioxidant activities and inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Junsong Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wansha Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yunying Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Guangwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhonghuai Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ningjia He
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- * E-mail:
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Naowaboot J, Wannasiri S. Anti-lipogenic effect of Senna alata leaf extract in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Aldahlawi AM. Modulation of dendritic cell immune functions by plant components. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2016; 4:55-62. [PMID: 30023210 PMCID: PMC6014213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmau.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the key linkage between innate and adoptive immune response. DCs are classified as specialized antigen-presenting cells that initiate T-cell immune responses during infection and hypersensitivity, and maintain immune tolerance to self-antigens. Initiating T-cell immune responses may be beneficial in infectious diseases or cancer management, while, immunosuppressant or tolerogenic responses could be useful in controlling autoimmunity, allergy or inflammatory diseases. Several types of plant-derived components show promising properties in influencing DC functions. Various types of these components have been proven useful in clinical application and immune-based therapy. Therefore, focusing on the benefits of plant-based medicine regulating DC functions may be useful, low-cost, and accessible strategies for human health. This review illustrates recent studies, investigating the role of plant components in manipulating DC phenotype and function towards immunostimulating or immunosuppressing effects either in vitro or in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia M Aldahlawi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Immunology Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Mustapha N, Mokdad-Bzéouich I, Sassi A, Abed B, Ghedira K, Hennebelle T, Chekir-Ghedira L. Immunomodulatory potencies of isolated compounds from Crataegus azarolus through their antioxidant activities. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:7967-80. [PMID: 26711781 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4517-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The search of natural immunomodulatory agents has become an area of great interest in order to reduce damage to the human body. In this study, the immunomodulatory potential of Crataegus azarolus and its isolated hyperoside on mouse lymphocytes and macrophages in vitro was assessed. The effect of C. azarolus natural compounds on splenocytes proliferation, natural killer (NK) and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) activities, and on macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity were assessed by MTT test. Phagocytic activity and inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) release by macrophages were also evaluated. The antioxidant capacity of these products was evaluated by determining their cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) in splenocytes and macrophages. Depending on the concentrations, both ethyl acetate (EA) extract and hyperoside (Hyp) from C. azarolus affect macrophage functions by modulating their lysosomal enzyme activity and nitric oxide release. Whereas, the above-mentioned products significantly promote LPS and lectin-stimulated splenocyte proliferation, implying a potential activation of lymphocytes B and T enhancing humoral and cellular immune responses. Moreover, EA extract and Hyp could enhance the activity of NK and T lymphocytes cells, as well as the macrophages-mediated cytotoxicity against B16F10 cells. The anti-inflammatory activity was concomitant with the cellular antioxidant effect of the tested compounds against macrophages and splenocytes. Collectively, C. azarolus and its isolated hyperoside exhibited an immunomodulatory effect through their antioxidant activity. These findings suggest that C. azarolus should be explored as a novel potential immunomodulatory agent for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Mustapha
- Laboratoire de biologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
- Unité de Substances naturelles bioactives et biotechnologie UR12ES12, Faculté de pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Imèn Mokdad-Bzéouich
- Laboratoire de biologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
- Unité de Substances naturelles bioactives et biotechnologie UR12ES12, Faculté de pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Aicha Sassi
- Laboratoire de biologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
- Unité de Substances naturelles bioactives et biotechnologie UR12ES12, Faculté de pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Besma Abed
- Laboratoire de biologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
- Unité de Substances naturelles bioactives et biotechnologie UR12ES12, Faculté de pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Ghedira
- Unité de Substances naturelles bioactives et biotechnologie UR12ES12, Faculté de pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Thierry Hennebelle
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, E.A. 1043, Université de Lille 2, Faculté de Pharmacie B.P. 83, 59006, Lille cedex, France
| | - Leila Chekir-Ghedira
- Laboratoire de biologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
- Unité de Substances naturelles bioactives et biotechnologie UR12ES12, Faculté de pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
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Nasr-Bouzaiene N, Sassi A, Bedoui A, Krifa M, Chekir-Ghedira L, Ghedira K. Immunomodulatory and cellular antioxidant activities of pure compounds from Teucrium ramosissimum Desf. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:7703-12. [PMID: 26692099 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4635-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of the immunomodulatory activity of plant compounds is an interesting and growing area of research. Teucrium ramosissimum Desf. is a native and endemic medicinal plant from the South of Tunisia traditionally used for the treatment of many diseases. The anti-inflammatory activity of apigenin-7-glucoside, genkwanin, and naringenin isolated from T. ramosissimum were assayed. The phagocytic activities of macrophage and lymphocyte proliferation were investigated in the absence and presence of mitogens (lipopolysaccharide [LPS] or lectin). Depending on the concentrations, the compounds affect macrophage functions by modulating their lysosomal enzyme activity and nitric oxide (NO) release. The tested compounds enhance significantly splenocyte proliferation, either with or without mitogen stimulation. In studies to assess any potential effects of apigenin-7-glucoside, genkwanin, and naringenin on innate immunity, the results showed that these compounds significantly enhanced the killing activity of natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic activity of the T lymphocyte (CTL) isolated from splenocytes. These results suggest that T. ramosissimum compounds such as apigenin-7-glucoside, genkwanin, and naringenin may be potentially useful for modulating immune cell functions in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouha Nasr-Bouzaiene
- Unit of Bioactive Natural Substances and Biotechnology UR12ES12, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia
| | - Aicha Sassi
- Unit of Bioactive Natural Substances and Biotechnology UR12ES12, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Bedoui
- Unit of Bioactive Natural Substances and Biotechnology UR12ES12, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia
| | - Mounira Krifa
- Unit of Bioactive Natural Substances and Biotechnology UR12ES12, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia
| | - Leila Chekir-Ghedira
- Unit of Bioactive Natural Substances and Biotechnology UR12ES12, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia.
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia.
| | - Kamel Ghedira
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia
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Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PA) in Senna alata leaves were investigated by thiolysis with benzyl mercaptan, LC-MS and NMR and consisted of almost pure propelargonidins with <6% procyanidins, had B-type linkages and a mean degree of polymerisation of three. Epiafzelechin was the major flavan-3-ol subunit (>94%) and epicatechin a minor constituent (6.4%) in residual PA and mainly detected as an extension unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Ramsay
- a Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development , University of Reading , Reading , UK
| | - Irene Mueller-Harvey
- a Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development , University of Reading , Reading , UK
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50
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Tarkang PA, Okalebo FA, Siminyu JD, Ngugi WN, Mwaura AM, Mugweru J, Agbor GA, Guantai AN. Pharmacological evidence for the folk use of Nefang: antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of its constituent plants. Altern Ther Health Med 2015; 15:174. [PMID: 26055261 PMCID: PMC4459057 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0703-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Nefang is a polyherbal anti-malarial composed of Mangifera indica (MiB and MiL; bark and leaf), Psidium guajava (Pg), Carica papaya (Cp), Cymbopogon citratus (Cc), Citrus sinensis (Cs) and Ocimum gratissimum (Og) (leaves). Previous studies have demonstrated its in vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial activities, antioxidant properties and safety profile. This study aimed at evaluating the antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of the constituent plants of Nefang which are relevant to the symptomatic treatment of malaria fever. Methods Antipyretic activities were determined by the D-Amphetamine induced pyrexia and Brewer’s Yeast induced hyperpyrexia methods. Anti-inflammatory activities were investigated using the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema method. Antinociceptive activities were determined by mechanical nociception in the tail pressure and thermal nociception in the radiant heat tail flick and hot plate methods. Data was analysed using the one way ANOVA followed by Neuman-Keuls multiple comparison test. Results Best percentage inhibition of induced pyrexia (amphetamine/brewer’s yeast; p < 0.05) was exhibited by Cc (95/97) followed by Og (85/94), MiL (90/89), MiB (88/84) and Cs (82/89). Cc and Og exhibited comparable activities to paracetamol (100/95). Anti-inflammatory studies revealed paw edema inhibition (%) as follows (p < 0.05): Indomethacin (47), MiL (40), Cp (30), MiB (28) and Og (22), suggesting best activity by MiL. Antinociceptive studies revealed significant (p < 0.01) pain inhibition (%) as follows: Paracetamol (97), Og (113), MiL (108), Pg (84) and MiB (88). Og and MiL exhibited the best activities. Conclusion The results obtained suggest that the constituent plants possess biologically active compounds with antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities. These activities are essential in the symptomatic treatment of malaria fever, thereby justifying the folk use of Nefang. This would be useful in its subsequent development for clinical application.
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