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Park JI, Jung SY, Song KH, Lee DH, Ahn J, Hwang SG, Jung IS, Lim DS, Song JY. Predictive DNA damage signaling for low‑dose ionizing radiation. Int J Mol Med 2024; 53:56. [PMID: 38695243 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2024.5380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have attempted to develop biological markers for the response to radiation for broad and straightforward application in the field of radiation. Based on a public database, the present study selected several molecules involved in the DNA damage repair response, cell cycle regulation and cytokine signaling as promising candidates for low‑dose radiation‑sensitive markers. The HuT 78 and IM‑9 cell lines were irradiated in a concentration‑dependent manner, and the expression of these molecules was analyzed using western blot analysis. Notably, the activation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2), p53 and H2A histone family member X (H2AX) significantly increased in a concentration‑dependent manner, which was also observed in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. To determine the radioprotective effects of cinobufagin, as an ATM and CHK2 activator, an in vivo model was employed using sub‑lethal and lethal doses in irradiated mice. Treatment with cinobufagin increased the number of bone marrow cells in sub‑lethal irradiated mice, and slightly elongated the survival of lethally irradiated mice, although the difference was not statistically significant. Therefore, KU60019, BML‑277, pifithrin‑α, and nutlin‑3a were evaluated for their ability to modulate radiation‑induced cell death. The use of BML‑277 led to a decrease in radiation‑induced p‑CHK2 and γH2AX levels and mitigated radiation‑induced apoptosis. On the whole, the present study provides a novel approach for developing drug candidates based on the profiling of biological radiation‑sensitive markers. These markers hold promise for predicting radiation exposure and assessing the associated human risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-In Park
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Youn Jung
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hee Song
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeon Lee
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Ahn
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Gu Hwang
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Su Jung
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Seog Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi‑do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Jie-Young Song
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
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Schöllnberger H, Dauer LT, Wakeford R, Constanzo J, Golden A. Summary of Radiation Research Society Online 67th Annual Meeting, Symposium on "Radiation and Circulatory Effects". Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:702-711. [PMID: 35930470 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2110304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This article summarizes a number of presentations from a session on "Radiation and Circulatory Effects" held during the Radiation Research Society Online 67th Annual Meeting, October 3-6 2021. MATERIALS AND METHODS Different epidemiological cohorts were analyzed with various statistical means common in epidemiology. The cohorts included the one from the U.S. Million Person Study and the Canadian Fluoroscopy Cohort Study. In addition, one of the contributions in our article relies on results from analyses of the Japanese atomic bomb survivors, Russian emergency and recovery workers and cohorts of nuclear workers. The Canadian Fluoroscopy Cohort Study data were analyzed with a larger series of linear and nonlinear dose-response models in addition to the linear no-threshold (LNT) model. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The talks in this symposium showed that low/moderate acute doses at low/moderate dose rates can be associated with an increased risk of CVD, although some of the epidemiological results for occupational cohorts are equivocal. The usually only limited availability of information on well-known risk factors for circulatory disease (e.g. smoking, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, physical activity) is an important limiting factor that may bias any observed association between radiation exposure and detrimental health outcome, especially at low doses. Additional follow-up and careful dosimetric and outcome assessment are necessary and more epidemiological and experimental research is required. Obtaining reliable information on other risk factors is especially important.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lawrence T Dauer
- Departments of Medical Physics and Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard Wakeford
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Julie Constanzo
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
| | - Ashley Golden
- ORISE Health Studies, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
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Lowe D, Roy L, Tabocchini MA, Rühm W, Wakeford R, Woloschak GE, Laurier D. Radiation dose rate effects: what is new and what is needed? RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2022; 61:507-543. [PMID: 36241855 PMCID: PMC9630203 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-022-00996-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite decades of research to understand the biological effects of ionising radiation, there is still much uncertainty over the role of dose rate. Motivated by a virtual workshop on the "Effects of spatial and temporal variation in dose delivery" organised in November 2020 by the Multidisciplinary Low Dose Initiative (MELODI), here, we review studies to date exploring dose rate effects, highlighting significant findings, recent advances and to provide perspective and recommendations for requirements and direction of future work. A comprehensive range of studies is considered, including molecular, cellular, animal, and human studies, with a focus on low linear-energy-transfer radiation exposure. Limits and advantages of each type of study are discussed, and a focus is made on future research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Lowe
- UK Health Security Agency, CRCE Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Laurence Roy
- Institut de Radioprotection Et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - Maria Antonella Tabocchini
- Istituto Nazionale i Fisica Nucleare, Sezione i Roma, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Werner Rühm
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Richard Wakeford
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Gayle E Woloschak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Dominique Laurier
- Institut de Radioprotection Et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
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Walls GM, O'Kane R, Ghita M, Kuburas R, McGarry CK, Cole AJ, Jain S, Butterworth KT. Murine models of radiation cardiotoxicity: A systematic review and recommendations for future studies. Radiother Oncol 2022; 173:19-31. [PMID: 35533784 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2022.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The effects of radiation on the heart are dependent on dose, fractionation, overall treatment time, and pre-existing cardiovascular pathology. Murine models have played a central role in improving our understanding of the radiation response of the heart yet a wide range of exposure parameters have been used. We evaluated the study design of published murine cardiac irradiation experiments to assess gaps in the literature and to suggest guidance for the harmonisation of future study reporting. METHODS AND MATERIALS A systematic review of mouse/rat studies published 1981-2021 that examined the effect of radiation on the heart was performed. The protocol was published on PROSPERO (CRD42021238921) and the findings were reported in accordance with the PRISMA guidance. Risk of bias was assessed using the SYRCLE checklist. RESULTS 159 relevant full-text original articles were reviewed. The heart only was the target volume in 67% of the studies and simulation details were unavailable for 44% studies. Dosimetry methods were reported in 31% studies. The pulmonary effects of whole and partial heart irradiation were reported in 13% studies. Seventy-eight unique dose-fractionation schedules were evaluated. Large heterogeneity was observed in the endpoints measured, and the reporting standards were highly variable. CONCLUSIONS Current murine models of radiation cardiotoxicity cover a wide range of irradiation configurations and latency periods. There is a lack of evidence describing clinically relevant dose-fractionations, circulating biomarkers and radioprotectants. Recommendations for the consistent reporting of methods and results of in vivo cardiac irradiation studies are made to increase their suitability for informing the design of clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard M Walls
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland; Cancer Centre Belfast City Hospital, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
| | - Reagan O'Kane
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Mihaela Ghita
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Refik Kuburas
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Conor K McGarry
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland; Cancer Centre Belfast City Hospital, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Aidan J Cole
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland; Cancer Centre Belfast City Hospital, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Suneil Jain
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland; Cancer Centre Belfast City Hospital, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Karl T Butterworth
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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Glasow A, Patties I, Priest ND, Mitchel REJ, Hildebrandt G, Manda K. Dose and Dose Rate-Dependent Effects of Low-Dose Irradiation on Inflammatory Parameters in ApoE-Deficient and Wild Type Mice. Cells 2021; 10:3251. [PMID: 34831473 PMCID: PMC8625495 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-inflammatory low-dose therapy is well established, whereas the immunomodulatory impact of doses below 0.1 Gy is much less clear. In this study, we investigated dose, dose rate and time-dependent effects in a dose range of 0.005 to 2 Gy on immune parameters after whole body irradiation (IR) using a pro-inflammatory (ApoE-/-) and a wild type mouse model. Long-term effects on spleen function (proliferation, monocyte expression) were analyzed 3 months, and short-term effects on immune plasma parameters (IL6, IL10, IL12p70, KC, MCP1, INFγ, TGFβ, fibrinogen, sICAM, sVCAM, sE-selectin/CD62) were analyzed 1, 7 and 28 days after Co60 γ-irradiation (IR) at low dose rate (LDR, 0.001 Gy/day) and at high dose rate (HDR). In vitro measurements of murine monocyte (WEHI-274.1) adhesion and cytokine release (KC, MCP1, IL6, TGFβ) after low-dose IR (150 kV X-ray unit) of murine endothelial cell (EC) lines (H5V, mlEND1, bEND3) supplement the data. RT-PCR revealed significant reduction of Ki67 and CD68 expression in the spleen of ApoE-/- mice after 0.025 to 2 Gy exposure at HDR, but only after 2 Gy at LDR. Plasma levels in wild type mice, showed non-linear time-dependent induction of proinflammatory cytokines and reduction of TGFβ at doses as low as 0.005 Gy at both dose rates, whereas sICAM and fibrinogen levels changed in a dose rate-specific manner. In ApoE-/- mice, levels of sICAM increased and fibrinogen decreased at both dose rates, whereas TGFβ increased mainly at HDR. Non-irradiated plasma samples revealed significant age-related enhancement of cytokines and adhesion molecules except for sICAM. In vitro data indicate that endothelial cells may contribute to systemic IR effects and confirm changes of adhesion properties suggested by altered sICAM plasma levels. The differential immunomodulatory effects shown here provide insights in inflammatory changes occurring at doses far below standard anti-inflammatory therapy and are of particular importance after diagnostic and chronic environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annegret Glasow
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Ina Patties
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Nicholas D. Priest
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- Radiological Protection Research and Instrumentation Branch, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (Retired), Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada;
| | - Ronald E. J. Mitchel
- Radiological Protection Research and Instrumentation Branch, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (Retired), Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada;
| | - Guido Hildebrandt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (G.H.); (K.M.)
| | - Katrin Manda
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (G.H.); (K.M.)
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Aryafar T, Amini P, Rezapoor S, Shabeeb D, Eleojo Musa A, Najafi M, Shirazi A. Modulation of Radiation-Induced NADPH Oxidases in Rat's Heart Tissues by Melatonin. J Biomed Phys Eng 2021; 11:465-472. [PMID: 34458194 PMCID: PMC8385219 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.1094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Experimental studies have shown that infiltration of inflammatory cells as well as upregulation of some cytokines play a central role in the development of late effects of ionizing radiation in heart tissues. Evidences have shown that an increased level of TGF-β has a direct correlation with late effects of exposure to ionizing radiation such as chronic oxidative stress and fibrosis. Recent studies have shown that TGF-β, through upregulation of pro-oxidant enzymes such as NOX2 and NOX4, promotes continuous ROS production and accumulation of fibrosis. Objective In present study, we aimed to evaluate the expression of NOX2 and NOX4 signaling pathways as well as possible modulatory effects of melatonin on the expression of these genes. Material and Methods In this experimental study, four groups of 20 rats (5 in each) were used as follows; G1: control; G2: melatonin; G3: radiation; G4: radiation + melatonin. 100 mg/kg of melatonin was administrated before irradiation of heart tissues with 15 Gy gamma rays. 10 weeks after irradiation, heart tissues were collected for real-time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results Results showed a significant increase in the expression of TGF-β, Smad2, NF-kB, NOX2 and NOX4. The upregulation of NOX2 was more obvious by 20-fold compared to other genes. Except for TGF-β, melatonin could attenuate the expression of other genes. Conclusion This study indicated that exposure of rat's heart tissues to radiation leads to upregulation of TGF-β-NOX4 and TGF-β-NOX2 pathways. Melatonin, through modulation of these genes, may be able to alleviate radiation-induced chronic oxidative stress and subsequent consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Aryafar
- PhD, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Amini
- MSc, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Rezapoor
- MSc, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dheyauldeen Shabeeb
- PhD, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Misan, Misan, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Eleojo Musa
- PhD, Research Center of Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (International Campus), Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- PhD, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Shirazi
- PhD, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- PhD, Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Rey N, Ebrahimian T, Gloaguen C, Kereselidze D, Magneron V, Bontemps CA, Demarquay C, Olsson G, Haghdoost S, Lehoux S, Ebrahimian TG. Exposure to Low to Moderate Doses of Ionizing Radiation Induces A Reduction of Pro-Inflammatory Ly6chigh Monocytes and a U-Curved Response of T Cells in APOE -/- Mice. Dose Response 2021; 19:15593258211016237. [PMID: 34163310 PMCID: PMC8191078 DOI: 10.1177/15593258211016237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Low dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) is known to have a protective effect on atherosclerosis in rodent studies, but how it impacts different cells types involved in lesion formation remains incompletely understood. We investigated the immunomodulatory response of different doses and dose-rates of irradiation in ApoE-/- mice. Mice were exposed to external γ rays at very low (1.4 mGy.h-1) or low (50 mGy.h-1) dose-rates, with cumulative doses spanning 50 to 1000 mGy. Flow cytometry of circulating cells revealed a significant decrease in pro-inflammatory Ly6CHi monocytes at all cumulative doses at low dose-rate, but more disparate effects at very low dose-rate with reductions in Ly6CHi cells at doses of 50, 100 and 750 mGy only. In contrast, Ly6CLo monocytes were not affected by LDIR. Similarly, proportions of CD4+ T cell subsets in the spleen did not differ between irradiated mice and non-irradiated controls, whether assessing CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory or CD69+ activated lymphocytes. In the aorta, gene expression of cytokines such as IL-1 and TGF-ß and adhesion molecules such as E-Selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 were reduced at the intermediate dose of 200 mGy. These results suggest that LDIR may reduce atherosclerotic plaque formation by selectively reducing blood pro-inflammatory monocytes and by impairing adhesion molecule expression and inflammatory processes in the vessel wall. In contrast, splenic T lymphocytes were not affected by LDIR. Furthermore, some responses to irradiation were nonlinear; reductions in aortic gene expression were significant at intermediate doses, but not at either highest or lowest doses. This work furthers our understanding of the impact of LDIR with different dose-rates on immune system response in the context of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rey
- IRSN, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie et Radiobiologie Experimentale, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - T Ebrahimian
- Lady Davis Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - C Gloaguen
- IRSN, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie et Radiobiologie Experimentale, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - D Kereselidze
- IRSN, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie et Radiobiologie Experimentale, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - V Magneron
- IRSN, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie et Radiobiologie Experimentale, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - C A Bontemps
- IRSN, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie et Radiobiologie Experimentale, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - C Demarquay
- IRSN, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie et Radiobiologie Experimentale, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - G Olsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Haghdoost
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,University of Caen Normandie, Aria/Cimap, GANIL, Campus Jules Horowitz, Caen, France
| | - S Lehoux
- Lady Davis Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Teni G Ebrahimian
- IRSN, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie et Radiobiologie Experimentale, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Lumniczky K, Impens N, Armengol G, Candéias S, Georgakilas AG, Hornhardt S, Martin OA, Rödel F, Schaue D. Low dose ionizing radiation effects on the immune system. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 149:106212. [PMID: 33293042 PMCID: PMC8784945 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation interacts with the immune system in many ways with a multiplicity that mirrors the complexity of the immune system itself: namely the need to maintain a delicate balance between different compartments, cells and soluble factors that work collectively to protect, maintain, and restore tissue function in the face of severe challenges including radiation damage. The cytotoxic effects of high dose radiation are less relevant after low dose exposure, where subtle quantitative and functional effects predominate that may go unnoticed until late after exposure or after a second challenge reveals or exacerbates the effects. For example, low doses may permanently alter immune fitness and therefore accelerate immune senescence and pave the way for a wide spectrum of possible pathophysiological events, including early-onset of age-related degenerative disorders and cancer. By contrast, the so called low dose radiation therapy displays beneficial, anti-inflammatory and pain relieving properties in chronic inflammatory and degenerative diseases. In this review, epidemiological, clinical and experimental data regarding the effects of low-dose radiation on the homeostasis and functional integrity of immune cells will be discussed, as will be the role of immune-mediated mechanisms in the systemic manifestation of localized exposures such as inflammatory reactions. The central conclusion is that ionizing radiation fundamentally and durably reshapes the immune system. Further, the importance of discovery of immunological pathways for modifying radiation resilience amongst other research directions in this field is implied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Lumniczky
- National Public Health Centre, Department of Radiation Medicine, Budapest, Albert Florian u. 2-6, 1097, Hungary.
| | - Nathalie Impens
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Biosciences Expert Group, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
| | - Gemma Armengol
- Unit of Biological Anthropology, Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Serge Candéias
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-LCBM, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Zografou 15780, Athens, Greece.
| | - Sabine Hornhardt
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS), Ingolstaedter Landstr.1, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany.
| | - Olga A Martin
- Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Franz Rödel
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Dörthe Schaue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095-1714, USA.
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X‑irradiation induces acute and early term inflammatory responses in atherosclerosis‑prone ApoE‑/‑ mice and in endothelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:399. [PMID: 33786610 PMCID: PMC8025474 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Thoracic radiotherapy is an effective treatment for many types of cancer; however it is also associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), appearing mainly ≥10 years after radiation exposure. The present study investigated acute and early term physiological and molecular changes in the cardiovascular system after ionizing radiation exposure. Female and male ApoE‑/‑ mice received a single exposure of low or high dose X‑ray thoracic irradiation (0.1 and 10 Gy). The level of cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as a large panel of inflammatory markers, were analyzed in serum samples obtained at 24 h and 1 month after irradiation. The secretion of inflammatory markers was further verified in vitro in coronary artery and microvascular endothelial cell lines after exposure to low and high dose of ionizing radiation (0.1 and 5 Gy). Local thoracic irradiation of ApoE‑/‑ mice increased serum growth differentiation factor‑15 (GDF‑15) and C‑X‑C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) levels in both female and male mice 24 h after high dose irradiation, which were also secreted from coronary artery and microvascular endothelial cells in vitro. Sex‑specific responses were observed for triglyceride and cholesterol levels, and some of the assessed inflammatory markers as detailed below. Male ApoE‑/‑ mice demonstrated elevated intercellular adhesion molecule‑1 and P‑selectin at 24 h, and adiponectin and plasminogen activator inhibitor‑1 at 1 month after irradiation, while female ApoE‑/‑ mice exhibited decreased monocyte chemoattractant protein‑1 and urokinase‑type plasminogen activator receptor at 24 h, and basic fibroblast growth factor 1 month after irradiation. The inflammatory responses were mainly significant following high dose irradiation, but certain markers showed significant changes after low dose exposure. The present study revealed that acute/early inflammatory responses occurred after low and high dose thoracic irradiation. However, further research is required to elucidate early asymptomatic changes in the cardiovascular system post thoracic X‑irradiation and to investigate whether GDF‑15 and CXCL10 could be considered as potential biomarkers for the early detection of CVD risk in thoracic radiotherapy‑treated patients.
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Pathomechanisms and therapeutic opportunities in radiation-induced heart disease: from bench to bedside. Clin Res Cardiol 2021; 110:507-531. [PMID: 33591377 PMCID: PMC8055626 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-021-01809-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer management has undergone significant improvements, which led to increased long-term survival rates among cancer patients. Radiotherapy (RT) has an important role in the treatment of thoracic tumors, including breast, lung, and esophageal cancer, or Hodgkin's lymphoma. RT aims to kill tumor cells; however, it may have deleterious side effects on the surrounding normal tissues. The syndrome of unwanted cardiovascular adverse effects of thoracic RT is termed radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD), and the risk of developing RIHD is a critical concern in current oncology practice. Premature ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, valve abnormalities, and electrical conduct defects are common forms of RIHD. The underlying mechanisms of RIHD are still not entirely clear, and specific therapeutic interventions are missing. In this review, we focus on the molecular pathomechanisms of acute and chronic RIHD and propose preventive measures and possible pharmacological strategies to minimize the burden of RIHD.
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11
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Milder CM, Kendall GM, Arsham A, Schöllnberger H, Wakeford R, Cullings HM, Little MP. Summary of Radiation Research Society Online 66th Annual Meeting, Symposium on "Epidemiology: Updates on epidemiological low dose studies," including discussion. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:866-873. [PMID: 33395353 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1867326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cato M Milder
- Space Radiation Analysis Group, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gerald M Kendall
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Aryana Arsham
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Helmut Schöllnberger
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Richard Wakeford
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Harry M Cullings
- Department of Statistics, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mark P Little
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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12
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Kura B, Kalocayova B, Szeiffova Bacova B, Fulop M, Sagatova A, Sykora M, Andelova K, Abuawad Z, Slezak J. The effect of selected drugs on the mitigation of myocardial injury caused by gamma radiation. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:80-88. [PMID: 33438486 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Radiation damage of healthy tissues represents one of the complications of radiotherapy effectiveness. This study is focused on the screening of potentially effective drugs routinely used in medical practice and involved in the mechanism of radiation injury, namely for radiation-induced production of free radicals in the body. Experiments in rats revealed significant reduction of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde) and inflammatory marker (tumor necrosis factor α) in 10 Gy irradiated groups after administration of atorvastatin and a slight decrease after tadalafil administration, which indicates that one of the possible mechanisms for mitigation of radiation-induced cardiac damage could be the modulation of nitric oxide (NO) in endothelium and phosphodiesterase 5. In addition, miRNAs were analyzed as potential markers and therapeutically effective molecules. Expression of miRNA-21 and miRNA-15b showed the most significant changes after irradiation. Atorvastatin and tadalafil normalized changes of miRNA (miRNA-1, miRNA-15b, miRNA-21) expression levels in irradiated hearts. This screening study concludes that administration of specific drugs could mitigate the negative impact of radiation on the heart, but more detailed experiments oriented to other aspects of drug effectiveness and their exact mechanisms are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branislav Kura
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Barbora Kalocayova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Barbara Szeiffova Bacova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Marko Fulop
- Slovak Medical University, 831 01, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrea Sagatova
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Institute of Nuclear and Physical Engineering, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 812 19 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Matus Sykora
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarina Andelova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ziad Abuawad
- Faculty of Public Health, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Jan Slezak
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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13
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Shin E, Lee S, Kang H, Kim J, Kim K, Youn H, Jin YW, Seo S, Youn B. Organ-Specific Effects of Low Dose Radiation Exposure: A Comprehensive Review. Front Genet 2020; 11:566244. [PMID: 33133150 PMCID: PMC7565684 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.566244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) is a high-energy radiation whose biological effects depend on the irradiation doses. Low-dose radiation (LDR) is delivered during medical diagnoses or by an exposure to radioactive elements and has been linked to the occurrence of chronic diseases, such as leukemia and cardiovascular diseases. Though epidemiological research is indispensable for predicting and dealing with LDR-induced abnormalities in individuals exposed to LDR, little is known about epidemiological markers of LDR exposure. Moreover, difference in the LDR-induced molecular events in each organ has been an obstacle to a thorough investigation of the LDR effects and a validation of the experimental results in in vivo models. In this review, we summarized the recent reports on LDR-induced risk of organ-specifically arranged the alterations for a comprehensive understanding of the biological effects of LDR. We suggested that LDR basically caused the accumulation of DNA damages, controlled systemic immune systems, induced oxidative damages on peripheral organs, and even benefited the viability in some organs. Furthermore, we concluded that understanding of organ-specific responses and the biological markers involved in the responses is needed to investigate the precise biological effects of LDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunguk Shin
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sungmin Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hyunkoo Kang
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jeongha Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Kyeongmin Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - HyeSook Youn
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Woo Jin
- Laboratory of Low Dose Risk Assessment, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Songwon Seo
- Laboratory of Low Dose Risk Assessment, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - BuHyun Youn
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
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14
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Schöllnberger H, Kaiser JC, Eidemüller M, Zablotska LB. Radio-biologically motivated modeling of radiation risks of mortality from ischemic heart diseases in the Canadian fluoroscopy cohort study. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2020; 59:63-78. [PMID: 31781840 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-019-00819-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent analyses of the Canadian fluoroscopy cohort study reported significantly increased radiation risks of mortality from ischemic heart diseases (IHD) with a linear dose-response adjusted for dose fractionation. This cohort includes 63,707 tuberculosis patients from Canada who were exposed to low-to-moderate dose fractionated X-rays in 1930s-1950s and were followed-up for death from non-cancer causes during 1950-1987. In the current analysis, we scrutinized the assumption of linearity by analyzing a series of radio-biologically motivated nonlinear dose-response models to get a better understanding of the impact of radiation damage on IHD. The models were weighted according to their quality of fit and were then mathematically superposed applying the multi-model inference (MMI) technique. Our results indicated an essentially linear dose-response relationship for IHD mortality at low and medium doses and a supra-linear relationship at higher doses (> 1.5 Gy). At 5 Gy, the estimated radiation risks were fivefold higher compared to the linear no-threshold (LNT) model. This is the largest study of patients exposed to fractionated low-to-moderate doses of radiation. Our analyses confirm previously reported significantly increased radiation risks of IHD from doses similar to those from diagnostic radiation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Schöllnberger
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Division UR-Environmental Radioactivity, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Jan Christian Kaiser
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Markus Eidemüller
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lydia B Zablotska
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
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15
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Gramatyka M, Sokół M. Radiation metabolomics in the quest of cardiotoxicity biomarkers: the review. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:349-359. [PMID: 31976800 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1704299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Ionizing radiation is a risk factor to the whole organism, including the heart. Cardiac damage is considered to be a late effect of radiation exposure. While the acute cardiotoxicity of high doses is well characterized, the knowledge about nature and magnitude of the cardiac risk following lower doses exposure is incomplete. It has been shown that the cardiotoxic effects of radiation are source-, dose- and time-dependent. This paper provides an overview on these dependencies with regard to the molecular responses at the cellular and tissue levels. Main focus is put on the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)-based and Mass Spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomic approaches in search of toxicity markers of relatively small doses of radiation.Conclusions: Available literature indicates that radiation exposure affects metabolites associated with: energy production, degradation of proteins and cell membranes, expression of proteins and stress response. Such effects are common for both animal and human studies. However, the specific metabolic response depends on several factors, including the examined organ. Radiation metabolomics can be used to explain the mechanisms of development of radiation-induced heart disease and to find an organ-specific biomarker of radiation exposure. The main aim of this review was to collect the information on the human cardiotoxicity biomarkers. In addition it also summarizes results of the studies on the metabolic responses to ionizing radiation for other organs, as well as the comparative data concerning animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalina Gramatyka
- Department of Medical Physics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Center and Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Maria Sokół
- Department of Medical Physics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Center and Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
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16
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Philipp J, Sievert W, Azimzadeh O, von Toerne C, Metzger F, Posch A, Hladik D, Subedi P, Multhoff G, Atkinson MJ, Tapio S. Data independent acquisition mass spectrometry of irradiated mouse lung endothelial cells reveals a STAT-associated inflammatory response. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:642-650. [PMID: 31914348 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1712492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Pulmonary inflammation is an adverse consequence of radiation therapy in breast cancer. The aim of this study was to elucidate biological pathways leading to this pathology.Materials and methods: Lung endothelial cells were isolated 24 h after thorax-irradiation (sham or 10 Gy X-ray) from female C57Bl/6 mice and cultivated for 6 days.Results: Quantitative proteomic analysis of lung endothelial cells was done using data independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry. The data were analyzed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and STRINGdb. In total, 4220 proteins were identified using DIA of which 60 were dysregulated in the irradiated samples (fold change ≥2.00 or ≤0.50; q-value <0.05). Several (12/40) upregulated proteins formed a cluster of inflammatory proteins with STAT1 and IRF3 as predicted upstream regulators. The several-fold increased expression of STAT1 and STAT-associated ISG15 was confirmed by immunoblotting. The expression of antioxidant proteins SOD1 and PRXD5 was downregulated suggesting radiation-induced oxidative stress. Similarly, the phosphorylated (active) forms of STING and IRF3, both members of the cGAS/STING pathway, were downregulated.Conclusions: These data suggest the involvement of JAK/STAT and cGas/STING pathways in the genesis of radiation-induced lung inflammation. These pathways may be used as novel targets for the prevention of radiation-induced lung damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos Philipp
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sievert
- Radiation Immuno Oncology Group, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Omid Azimzadeh
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christine von Toerne
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health GmbH, Research Unit Protein Science, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian Metzger
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health GmbH, Research Unit Protein Science, Munich, Germany
| | - Anton Posch
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Hladik
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Prabal Subedi
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Radiation Immuno Oncology Group, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Michael J Atkinson
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Soile Tapio
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
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17
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Son B, Lee S, Kim H, Kang H, Kim J, Youn H, Nam SY, Youn B. Low dose radiation attenuates inflammation and promotes wound healing in a mouse burn model. J Dermatol Sci 2019; 96:81-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Wang H, Wei J, Zheng Q, Meng L, Xin Y, Yin X, Jiang X. Radiation-induced heart disease: a review of classification, mechanism and prevention. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:2128-2138. [PMID: 31592122 PMCID: PMC6775290 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.35460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increasing incidence of thoracic tumors, radiation therapy (RT) has become an important component of comprehensive treatment. RT improves survival in many cancers, but it involves some inevitable complications. Radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) is one of the most serious complications. RIHD comprises a spectrum of heart disease including cardiomyopathy, pericarditis, coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease and conduction system abnormalities. There are numerous clinical manifestations of RIHD, such as chest pain, palpitation, and dyspnea, even without obvious symptoms. Based on previous studies, the pathogenesis of RIHD is related to the production and effects of various cytokines caused by endothelial injury, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress (OS). Therefore, it is of great importance for clinicians to identify the mechanism and propose interventions for the prevention of RIHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heru Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.,Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jinlong Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Qingshuang Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Lingbin Meng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Florida Hospital, Orlando, FL 32804,USA
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xia Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
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19
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Zhang X, Liu H, Hao Y, Xu L, Zhang T, Liu Y, Guo L, Zhu L, Pei Z. Coenzyme Q10 protects against hyperlipidemia-induced cardiac damage in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:279. [PMID: 30526612 PMCID: PMC6286539 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0928-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperlipidemia is a well-established risk factor for cardiac damage, which can lead to cardiovascular diseases. Many studies have shown that Coenzyme Q10(CoQ10) protects against cardiac damage in vivo. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effects of CoQ10 against cardiac damage in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice. METHODS Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 and ApoE-/- mice were randomly divided into four groups: C57BL/6 mice fed a normal diet (C57BL/6 group); C57BL/6 mice fed a normal diet + CoQ10 (C57BL/6 + CoQ10 group); ApoE-/- mice fed a high-fat diet (ApoE-/- HD group), and ApoE-/- mice fed a high-fat diet + CoQ10 (ApoE-/- HD + CoQ10 group). All groups were fed the different diets for 16 weeks. Blood samples were obtained from the inferior vena cava and collected in serum tubes. The samples were then stored at - 80 °C until used. Coronal sections of heart tissues were fixed in 10% formalin and then embedded in paraffin for histological evaluation. The remainder of the heart tissues was snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen for mRNA or immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS The metabolic parameters such as total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), and triglycerides (TG) levels were lower in ApoE-/-HD + CoQ10 mice than in ApoE-/- HD mice. There were significant pathophysiological changes (H&E, PAS, Masson and CD68 staining) in ApoE-/- mice in the HD group compared with those in the HD + CoQ10 group. CoQ10 reduced HD-induced cardiac tissue damage via autophagy (p62 and LC3), as evidenced by immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, and RT-qPCR. CoQ10 also inhibited inflammation (IL-6 and TNF-α) gene expression in ApoE-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that CoQ10 is a potential therapeutic target for cardiac damage caused by hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Zhang
- Department of Infection, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang Street, Dalian, China
| | - Hongyang Liu
- Department of Heart Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No.193 Lianhe Road, Dalian, China
| | - Yuhua Hao
- Department of Infection, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang Street, Dalian, China
| | - Lulu Xu
- Department of Infection, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang Street, Dalian, China
| | - Tiemei Zhang
- Department of Infection, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang Street, Dalian, China
| | - Yingshu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, 42 Xuegong Road, Dalian, China
| | - Lipeng Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Dalian Third People' Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, No.40 Qianshan Road, Dalian, China
| | - Liyue Zhu
- Rehabilitation Center, Zhejiang Hospital, 12 Lingyin Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zuowei Pei
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang Street, Dalian, China.
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20
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Liang X, Zheng S, Cui J, Yu D, Yang G, Zhou L, Wang B, Cai L, Li W. Alterations of MicroRNA Expression in the Liver, Heart, and Testis of Mice Upon Exposure to Repeated Low-Dose Radiation. Dose Response 2018; 16:1559325818799561. [PMID: 30263020 PMCID: PMC6153535 DOI: 10.1177/1559325818799561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs), which regulate target gene expression at the
post-transcriptional level, play a crucial role in inducing biological effects
upon high-dose ionizing radiation. Yet, the miR expression profiles in response
to repeated low-dose radiation (LDR) in vivo have not been elucidated. This
study investigated the response profiles of 11 miRs with functions involved in
metabolism, DNA damage and repair, inflammation, and fibrosis in mouse liver,
heart, and testis upon repeated LDR exposure for 4 months. The expression
profiles were evaluated using stem-loop quantitative reverse transcription
polymerase chain reaction immediately and at 2 months after LDR exposure. The
expression profiles varied significantly at both time points. At the organ
level, the heart was the most affected, followed by the liver and testis, in
which significant miR upregulation related to DNA damage response was found.
Metabolism-related miRs decreased in the liver and increased in the testis. The
current results showed immediate and long-lasting alterations in the miR
expression profiles in response to repeated LDR in different organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Liang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Shirong Zheng
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dehai Yu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guozi Yang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Brain Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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21
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Xu J, Zhu L, Liu H, Li M, Liu Y, Yang F, Pei Z. Thymoquinone reduces cardiac damage caused by hypercholesterolemia in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:173. [PMID: 30049280 PMCID: PMC6062953 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0829-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypercholesterolemia is a well-established risk factor for cardiac damage, which can lead to cardiovascular diseases. Many studies have shown that thymoquinone protected rats from doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and cardiac damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effects of thymoquinone against cardiac damage in apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice. METHODS Eight-week-old male ApoE-/- mice were randomly divided into three groups: control group fed a normal diet (ND group), a high cholesterol diet (HD group) or HD mixed with thymoquinone (HD + TQ group). All groups were fed the different diets for 8 weeks. Blood samples were obtained from the inferior vena cava and collected in serum tubes. The samples were then stored at - 80 °C until used. Coronal sections of heart tissues were fixed in 10% formalin and then embedded in paraffin for histological evaluation. The remainder of the heart tissues was snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen for mRNA or immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS The metabolic characteristics of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were lower in ApoE-/-HD + TQ mice than in ApoE-/- HD mice. Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) gene and protein expression was lower in the heart tissue of ApoE-/-HD + TQ mice than in those of ApoE-/-HD mice. Furthermore, the levels of macrophages and pro-inflammatory cytokines were lower in the cardiac tissues of ApoE-/-HD + TQ mice than in those of ApoE-/-HD mice. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that thymoquinone may provide a potential therapeutic target for cardiac damage caused by hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang Street, Dalian, China
| | - Liyue Zhu
- Rehabilitation Center, Zhejiang Hospital, No. 12 Lingyin Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongyang Liu
- Department of Heart Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No.193 Lianhe Road, Dalian, China
| | - Mengye Li
- Department of Special Medical Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 193 Lianhe Road, Dalian, China
| | - Yingshu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, No. 42 Xuegong Road, Dalian, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang Street, Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Zuowei Pei
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang Street, Dalian, 116001, China.
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22
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Chishti AA, Baumstark-Khan C, Koch K, Kolanus W, Feles S, Konda B, Azhar A, Spitta LF, Henschenmacher B, Diegeler S, Schmitz C, Hellweg CE. Linear Energy Transfer Modulates Radiation-Induced NF-kappa B Activation and Expression of its Downstream Target Genes. Radiat Res 2018; 189:354-370. [DOI: 10.1667/rr14905.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arif Ali Chishti
- German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany
| | - Christa Baumstark-Khan
- German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany
| | - Kristina Koch
- German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany
| | - Waldemar Kolanus
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sebastian Feles
- German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany
| | - Bikash Konda
- German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany
| | - Abid Azhar
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Luis F. Spitta
- German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany
| | - Bernd Henschenmacher
- German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany
| | - Sebastian Diegeler
- German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany
| | - Claudia Schmitz
- German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany
| | - Christine E. Hellweg
- German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany
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Schöllnberger H, Eidemüller M, Cullings HM, Simonetto C, Neff F, Kaiser JC. Dose-responses for mortality from cerebrovascular and heart diseases in atomic bomb survivors: 1950-2003. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2018; 57:17-29. [PMID: 29222678 PMCID: PMC6373359 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-017-0722-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The scientific community faces important discussions on the validity of the linear no-threshold (LNT) model for radiation-associated cardiovascular diseases at low and moderate doses. In the present study, mortalities from cerebrovascular diseases (CeVD) and heart diseases from the latest data on atomic bomb survivors were analyzed. The analysis was performed with several radio-biologically motivated linear and nonlinear dose-response models. For each detrimental health outcome one set of models was identified that all fitted the data about equally well. This set was used for multi-model inference (MMI), a statistical method of superposing different models to allow risk estimates to be based on several plausible dose-response models rather than just relying on a single model of choice. MMI provides a more accurate determination of the dose response and a more comprehensive characterization of uncertainties. It was found that for CeVD, the dose-response curve from MMI is located below the linear no-threshold model at low and medium doses (0-1.4 Gy). At higher doses MMI predicts a higher risk compared to the LNT model. A sublinear dose-response was also found for heart diseases (0-3 Gy). The analyses provide no conclusive answer to the question whether there is a radiation risk below 0.75 Gy for CeVD and 2.6 Gy for heart diseases. MMI suggests that the dose-response curves for CeVD and heart diseases in the Lifespan Study are sublinear at low and moderate doses. This has relevance for radiotherapy treatment planning and for international radiation protection practices in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Schöllnberger
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Institute of Radiation Protection, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Department of Radiation Protection and the Environment, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Markus Eidemüller
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Institute of Radiation Protection, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Harry M Cullings
- Department of Statistics, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Cristoforo Simonetto
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Institute of Radiation Protection, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Frauke Neff
- Institute of Pathology, Städtisches Klinikum München and Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Christian Kaiser
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Institute of Radiation Protection, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
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Sylvester CB, Abe JI, Patel ZS, Grande-Allen KJ. Radiation-Induced Cardiovascular Disease: Mechanisms and Importance of Linear Energy Transfer. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:5. [PMID: 29445728 PMCID: PMC5797745 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) in the form of photons and protons is a well-established treatment for cancer. More recently, heavy charged particles have been used to treat radioresistant and high-risk cancers. Radiation treatment is known to cause cardiovascular disease (CVD) which can occur acutely during treatment or years afterward in the form of accelerated atherosclerosis. Radiation-induced cardiovascular disease (RICVD) can be a limiting factor in treatment as well as a cause of morbidity and mortality in successfully treated patients. Inflammation plays a key role in both acute and chronic RICVD, but the underling pathophysiology is complex, involving DNA damage, reactive oxygen species, and chronic inflammation. While understanding of the molecular mechanisms of RICVD has increased, the growing number of patients receiving RT warrants further research to identify individuals at risk, plans for prevention, and targets for the treatment of RICVD. Research on RICVD is also relevant to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) due to the prevalent space radiation environment encountered by astronauts. NASA's current research on RICVD can both contribute to and benefit from concurrent work with cell and animal studies informing radiotoxicities resulting from cancer therapy. This review summarizes the types of radiation currently in clinical use, models of RICVD, current knowledge of the mechanisms by which they cause CVD, and how this knowledge might apply to those exposed to various types of radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Sylvester
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jun-Ichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Zarana S Patel
- Science and Space Operations, KBRwyle, Houston, TX, United States
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Puukila S, Lemon JA, Lees SJ, Tai TC, Boreham DR, Khaper N. Impact of Ionizing Radiation on the Cardiovascular System: A Review. Radiat Res 2017; 188:539-546. [PMID: 28873026 DOI: 10.1667/rr14864.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy has become one of the main forms of treatment for various types of cancers. Cancer patients previously treated with high doses of radiation are at a greater risk to develop cardiovascular complications later in life. The heart can receive varying doses of radiation depending on the type of therapy and can even reach doses in the range of 17 Gy. Multiple studies have highlighted the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in radiation-induced cardiovascular damage. Doses of ionizing radiation below 200 mGy, however, have been shown to have beneficial effects in some experimental models of radiation-induced damage, but low-dose effects in the heart is still debated. Low-dose radiation may promote heart health and reduce damage from oxidative stress and inflammation, however there are few studies focusing on the impact of low-dose radiation on the heart. In this review, we summarize recent studies from animal models and human data focusing on the effects and mechanism(s) of action of radiation-induced damage to the heart, as well as the effects of high and low doses of radiation and dose rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Puukila
- a Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Lemon
- b Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Simon J Lees
- c Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - T C Tai
- d Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; and Bruce Power, Tiverton, ON, N0G 2T0 Canada
| | - Douglas R Boreham
- d Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; and Bruce Power, Tiverton, ON, N0G 2T0 Canada
| | - Neelam Khaper
- c Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
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26
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Li X, Zhang ZL, Wang HF. Fusaric acid (FA) protects heart failure induced by isoproterenol (ISP) in mice through fibrosis prevention via TGF-β1/SMADs and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2017. [PMID: 28624424 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusaric acid (FA) is a novel compound derived from a class of nicotinic acid derivatives, exhibiting activity against cancers. However, its role in regulating cardiac injury is limited. Our study was aimed to investigate the role and the underlying molecular mechanism of FA in heart fibrosis and hypertrophy. Isoproterenol (ISP) was used to induce cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy in vitro and in vivo. FA administration ameliorated hypertrophy by reducing atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and β -myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, FA reduced collagen accumulation and fibrosis-related signals, including α- smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), Collagen type I and Collagen type III. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/SMADs and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including p38, extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), signalling pathways were highly activated for ISP induction, which were prevented due to FA administration. Further, FA suppressed ISP-induced PI3K/AKT activity in a dose dependent manner. Of note, FA-reduced MAPKs phosphorylation was associated with phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K)/Protein kinase B (AKT) activity caused by ISP. However, PI3K/AKT activation showed no effects on TGF-β1/SMADs expression in FA-treated cells after ISP exposure. Together, FA might be an effective candidate agent for preventing cardiac fibrosis by modulating TGF-β1/SMADs and PI3K/AKT signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affilitated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang City, Henan Province, China.
| | - Zhou-Long Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affilitated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang City, Henan Province, China
| | - Hui-Fen Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affilitated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang City, Henan Province, China
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Dobrzyński L, Fornalski KW, Socol Y, Reszczyńska JM. Modeling of Irradiated Cell Transformation: Dose- and Time-Dependent Effects. Radiat Res 2016; 186:396-406. [DOI: 10.1667/rr14302.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Boerma M, Sridharan V, Mao XW, Nelson GA, Cheema AK, Koturbash I, Singh SP, Tackett AJ, Hauer-Jensen M. Effects of ionizing radiation on the heart. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2016; 770:319-327. [PMID: 27919338 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This article provides an overview of studies addressing effects of ionizing radiation on the heart. Clinical studies have identified early and late manifestations of radiation-induced heart disease, a side effect of radiation therapy to tumors in the chest when all or part of the heart is situated in the radiation field. Studies in preclinical animal models have contributed to our understanding of the mechanisms by which radiation may injure the heart. More recent observations in human subjects suggest that ionizing radiation may have cardiovascular effects at lower doses than was previously thought. This has led to examinations of low-dose photons and low-dose charged particle irradiation in animal models. Lastly, studies have started to identify non-invasive methods for detection of cardiac radiation injury and interventions that may prevent or mitigate these adverse effects. Altogether, this ongoing research should increase our knowledge of biological mechanisms of cardiovascular radiation injury, identify non-invasive biomarkers for early detection, and potential interventions that may prevent or mitigate these adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Boerma
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Division of Radiation Health, Little Rock, AR, United States.
| | - Vijayalakshmi Sridharan
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Division of Radiation Health, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Xiao-Wen Mao
- Loma Linda University, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Gregory A Nelson
- Loma Linda University, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Amrita K Cheema
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Departments of Oncology and Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Igor Koturbash
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Environment and Occupational Health, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Sharda P Singh
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Alan J Tackett
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Martin Hauer-Jensen
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Division of Radiation Health, Little Rock, AR, United States; Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Surgical Service, Little Rock, AR, United States
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30
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Kamkar M, Wei L, Gaudet C, Bugden M, Petryk J, Duan Y, Wyatt HM, Wells RG, Marcel YL, Priest ND, Mitchel REJ, Ruddy TD. Evaluation of Apoptosis with 99mTc-rhAnnexin V-128 and Inflammation with 18F-FDG in a Low-Dose Irradiation Model of Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice. J Nucl Med 2016; 57:1784-1791. [PMID: 27307347 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.172346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-dose radiation in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice has a protective effect with less subsequent atherosclerosis. Inflammation and apoptosis play major roles in the development of atherosclerosis. We evaluated the temporal pattern of the development of histologic atherosclerosis, inflammation with 18F-FDG, and apoptosis with 99mTc-rhAnnexin V-128 at 3 time points. METHODS ApoE-/- mice were fed a high-fat diet, exposed to low-dose 60Co γ-radiation of 25 mGy at 2 mo of age, and evaluated within 1 wk (2-mo group), 1 mo (3-mo group), and 2 mo (4-mo group) from the time of radiation. Mice were divided into 3 subgroups and each received 18F-FDG, 99mTc-rhAnnexin V-128, or no radiotracer for autoradiography. Mice underwent euthanasia and aortic root dissection. The extent of atherosclerosis was determined by en face and Oil red O imaging. Aortic arch inflammation (18F-FDG) and apoptosis (99mTc-rhAnnexin V-128) were determined with digital autoradiography. Aortic sinus sections were stained with Sudan IV for assessment of lesion area and stage, antiCD68 antibody for inflammation and anti-cleaved-caspase 3 antibody for apoptosis. RESULTS The extent of aortic atherosclerosis increased from 2 to 3 mo and from 3 to 4 mo. Inflammation (CD68) decreased and apoptosis (anti-cleaved-caspase 3 antibody) increased in aortic sinus slices measured as percentage of lesion by 4 mo. With increasing lesion stage, lesion inflammation decreased and lesion apoptosis increased. Aortic arch inflammation (18F-FDG uptake) did not differ over time and did not correlate with average lesion stage. However, aortic arch apoptosis (99mTc-rhAnnexin V-128) increased significantly by 4 mo and correlated with average lesion stage. There were no differences between the treatment subgroups (18F-FDG, 99mTc-rhAnnexin V-128, or no radiotracer). CONCLUSION The temporal pattern of development of inflammation and apoptosis differ during the development of atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice treated with low-dose radiation. Advanced lesions are characterized by increased apoptosis and either less or similar amounts of inflammation, shown on immunohistochemistry and autoradiography. Treatment with radiotracers had no significant effects on extent of atherosclerosis, inflammation, or apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kamkar
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Chantal Gaudet
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Michelle Bugden
- Radiological Protection Research and Instrumentation Branch, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada
| | - Julia Petryk
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Yin Duan
- Nordion, Inc., Kanata, Canada; and
| | - Heather M Wyatt
- Radiological Protection Research and Instrumentation Branch, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada
| | - R Glenn Wells
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Yves L Marcel
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Nicholas D Priest
- Radiological Protection Research and Instrumentation Branch, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada
| | - Ronald E J Mitchel
- Radiological Protection Research and Instrumentation Branch, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada
| | - Terrence D Ruddy
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
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31
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Mathias D, Mitchel REJ, Barclay M, Wyatt H, Bugden M, Priest ND, Whitman SC, Scholz M, Hildebrandt G, Kamprad M, Glasow A. Correction: Low-Dose Irradiation Affects Expression of Inflammatory Markers in the Heart of ApoE -/- Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157616. [PMID: 27280530 PMCID: PMC4900545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Gong H, Liu R, Yu H, Lu J, Zhou O, Kan L, He JQ, Cao G. Interior tomographic imaging of mouse heart in a carbon nanotube micro-CT. JOURNAL OF X-RAY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016; 24:549-563. [PMID: 27163376 DOI: 10.3233/xst-160574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relatively high radiation dose from micro-CT is a cause for concern in preclinical research involving animal subjects. Interior region-of-interest (ROI) imaging was proposed for dose reduction, but has not been experimentally applied in micro-CT. OBJECTIVE Our aim is to implement interior ROI imaging in a carbon nanotube (CNT) x-ray source based micro-CT, and present the ROI image quality and radiation dose reduction for interior cardiac micro-CT imaging of a mouse heart in situ. METHODS An aperture collimator was mounted at the source-side to induce a small-sized cone beam (10 mm width) at the isocenter. Interior in situ micro-CT scans were conducted on a mouse carcass and several micro-CT phantoms. A GPU-accelerated hybrid iterative reconstruction algorithm was employed for volumetric image reconstruction. Radiation dose was measured for the same system operated at the interior and global micro-CT modes. RESULTS Visual inspection demonstrated comparable image quality between two scan modes. Quantitative evaluation demonstrated high structural similarity index (up to 0.9614) with improved contrast-noise-ratio (CNR) on interior micro-CT mode. Interior micro-CT mode yielded significant reduction (up to 83.9%) for dose length product (DLP). CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates the applicability of using CNT x-ray source based interior micro-CT for preclinical imaging with significantly reduced radiation dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Rui Liu
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Science, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Hengyong Yu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Jianping Lu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Otto Zhou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lijuan Kan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, VA, USA
| | - Jia-Qiang He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, VA, USA
| | - Guohua Cao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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