1
|
Iqbal T, Nakagawa T. The therapeutic perspective of NAD + precursors in age-related diseases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 702:149590. [PMID: 38340651 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is the fundamental molecule that performs numerous biological reactions and is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Studies have found that NAD+ decreases with age in certain tissues, and age-related NAD+ depletion affects physiological functions and contributes to various aging-related diseases. Supplementation of NAD+ precursor significantly elevates NAD+ levels in murine tissues, effectively mitigates metabolic syndrome, enhances cardiovascular health, protects against neurodegeneration, and boosts muscular strength. Despite the versatile therapeutic functions of NAD+ in animal studies, the efficacy of NAD+ precursors in clinical studies have been limited compared with that in the pre-clinical study. Clinical studies have demonstrated that NAD+ precursor treatment efficiently increases NAD+ levels in various tissues, though their clinical proficiency is insufficient to ameliorate the diseases. However, the latest studies regarding NAD+ precursors and their metabolism highlight the significant role of gut microbiota. The studies found that orally administered NAD+ intermediates interact with the gut microbiome. These findings provide compelling evidence for future trials to further explore the involvement of gut microbiota in NAD+ metabolism. Also, the reduced form of NAD+ precursor shows their potential to raise NAD+, though preclinical studies have yet to discover their efficacy. This review sheds light on NAD+ therapeutic efficiency in preclinical and clinical studies and the effect of the gut microbiota on NAD+ metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tooba Iqbal
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; Research Center for Pre-Disease Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Song JH, Kim HJ, Lee J, Hong SP, Chung MY, Lee YG, Park JH, Choi HK, Hwang JT. Robinetin Alleviates Metabolic Failure in Liver through Suppression of p300-CD38 Axis. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2024; 32:214-223. [PMID: 38298012 PMCID: PMC10902699 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2023.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic abnormalities in the liver are closely associated with diverse metabolic diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ameliorating effect of robinetin (RBN) on the significant pathogenic features of metabolic failure in the liver and to identify the underlying molecular mechanism. RBN significantly decreased triglyceride (TG) accumulation by downregulating lipogenesis-related transcription factors in AML-12 murine hepatocyte cell line. In addition, mice fed with Western diet (WD) containing 0.025% or 0.05% RBN showed reduced liver mass and lipid droplet size, as well as improved plasma insulin levels and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values. CD38 was identified as a target of RBN using the BioAssay database, and its expression was increased in OPA-treated AML-12 cells and liver tissues of WD-fed mice. Furthermore, RBN elicited these effects through its anti-histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity. Computational simulation revealed that RBN can dock into the HAT domain pocket of p300, a histone acetyltransferase, which leads to the abrogation of its catalytic activity. Additionally, knock-down of p300 using siRNA reduced CD38 expression. The chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay showed that p300 occupancy on the promoter region of CD38 was significantly decreased, and H3K9 acetylation levels were diminished in lipid-accumulated AML-12 cells treated with RBN. RBN improves the pathogenic features of metabolic failure by suppressing the p300-CD38 axis through its anti-HAT activity, which suggests that RBN can be used as a new phytoceutical candidate for preventing or improving this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Song
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Kim
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangho Lee
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Pyo Hong
- Department of Molecular Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Yu Chung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gangseo University, Seoul 07661, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Geun Lee
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Park
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Kyoung Choi
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Taek Hwang
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ruskovska T, Bernlohr DA. The Role of NAD + in Metabolic Regulation of Adipose Tissue: Implications for Obesity-Induced Insulin Resistance. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2560. [PMID: 37761000 PMCID: PMC10526756 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity-induced insulin resistance is among the key factors in the development of type 2 diabetes, atherogenic dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease. Adipose tissue plays a key role in the regulation of whole-body metabolism and insulin sensitivity. In obesity, adipose tissue becomes inflamed and dysfunctional, exhibiting a modified biochemical signature and adipokine secretion pattern that promotes insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. An important hallmark of dysfunctional obese adipose tissue is impaired NAD+/sirtuin signaling. In this chapter, we summarize the evidence for impairment of the NAD+/sirtuin pathway in obesity, not only in white adipose tissue but also in brown adipose tissue and during the process of beiging, together with correlative evidence from human studies. We also describe the role of PARPs and CD38 as important NAD+ consumers and discuss findings from experimental studies that investigated potential NAD+ boosting strategies and their efficacy in restoring impaired NAD+ metabolism in dysfunctional obese adipose tissue. In sum, these studies suggest a critical role of NAD+ metabolism in adipose biology and provide a basis for the potential development of strategies to restore metabolic health in obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Ruskovska
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University, 2000 Stip, North Macedonia;
| | - David A. Bernlohr
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sauve AA, Wang Q, Zhang N, Kang S, Rathmann A, Yang Y. Triple-Isotope Tracing for Pathway Discernment of NMN-Induced NAD + Biosynthesis in Whole Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11114. [PMID: 37446292 PMCID: PMC10342116 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous efforts in basic and clinical studies have explored the potential anti-aging and health-promoting effects of NAD+-boosting compounds such as nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN). Despite these extensive efforts, our understanding and characterization of their whole-body pharmacodynamics, impact on NAD+ tissue distribution, and mechanism of action in various tissues remain incomplete. In this study, we administered NMN via intraperitoneal injection or oral gavage and conducted a rigorous evaluation of NMN's pharmacodynamic effects on whole-body NAD+ homeostasis in mice. To provide more confident insights into NMN metabolism and NAD+ biosynthesis across different tissues and organs, we employed a novel approach using triple-isotopically labeled [18O-phosphoryl-18O-carbonyl-13C-1-ribosyl] NMN. Our results provide a more comprehensive characterization of the NMN impact on NAD+ concentrations and absolute amounts in various tissues and the whole body. We also demonstrate that mice primarily rely on the nicotinamide and NR salvage pathways to generate NAD+ from NMN, while the uptake of intact NMN plays a minimal role. Overall, the tissue-specific pharmacodynamic effects of NMN administration through different routes offer novel insights into whole-body NAD+ homeostasis, laying a crucial foundation for the development of NMN as a therapeutic supplement in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yue Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
The Role of CD38 in the Pathogenesis of Cardiorenal Metabolic Disease and Aging, an Approach from Basic Research. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040595. [PMID: 36831262 PMCID: PMC9954496 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for the leading causes of mortality, and the incidence of age-related diseases including cardiovascular disease, kidney disease and metabolic disease increases with age. NAD+ is a classic coenzyme that exists in all species, and that plays a crucial role in oxidation-reduction reactions. It is also involved in the regulation of many cellular functions including inflammation, oxidative stress and differentiation. NAD+ declines with aging in various organs, and the reduction in NAD+ is possibly involved in the development of age-related cellular dysfunction in cardiorenal metabolic organs through the accumulation of inflammation and oxidative stress. Levels of NAD+ are regulated by the balance between its synthesis and degradation. CD38 is the main NAD+-degrading enzyme, and CD38 is activated in response to inflammation with aging, which is associated with the reduction in NAD+ levels. In this review, focusing on CD38, we discuss the role of CD38 in aging and the pathogenesis of age-related diseases, including cardiorenal metabolic disease.
Collapse
|
6
|
Cercillieux A, Ciarlo E, Canto C. Balancing NAD + deficits with nicotinamide riboside: therapeutic possibilities and limitations. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:463. [PMID: 35918544 PMCID: PMC9345839 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04499-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels have been observed in multiple lifestyle and age-related medical conditions. This has led to the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with NAD+ precursors, or vitamin B3s, could exert health benefits. Among the different molecules that can act as NAD+ precursors, Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) has gained most attention due to its success in alleviating and treating disease conditions at the pre-clinical level. However, the clinical outcomes for NR supplementation strategies have not yet met the expectations generated in mouse models. In this review we aim to provide a comprehensive view on NAD+ biology, what causes NAD+ deficits and the journey of NR from its discovery to its clinical development. We also discuss what are the current limitations in NR-based therapies and potential ways to overcome them. Overall, this review will not only provide tools to understand NAD+ biology and assess its changes in disease situations, but also to decide which NAD+ precursor could have the best therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelique Cercillieux
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research Ltd., EPFL Campus, Innovation Park, Building G, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eleonora Ciarlo
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research Ltd., EPFL Campus, Innovation Park, Building G, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carles Canto
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research Ltd., EPFL Campus, Innovation Park, Building G, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Elmas E, Saljoughian N, de Souza Fernandes Pereira M, Tullius BP, Sorathia K, Nakkula RJ, Lee DA, Naeimi Kararoudi M. CRISPR Gene Editing of Human Primary NK and T Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:834002. [PMID: 35449580 PMCID: PMC9016158 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.834002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antitumor activity of immune cells such as T cells and NK cells has made them auspicious therapeutic regimens for adaptive cancer immunotherapy. Enhancing their cytotoxic effects against malignancies and overcoming their suppression in tumor microenvironment (TME) may improve their efficacy to treat cancers. Clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) genome editing has become one of the most popular tools to enhance immune cell antitumor activity. In this review we highlight applications and practicability of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and engineering strategies for cancer immunotherapy. In addition, we have reviewed several approaches to study CRISPR off-target effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Elmas
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Noushin Saljoughian
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- CRISPR/Gene Editing Core, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Marcelo de Souza Fernandes Pereira
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Brian P. Tullius
- Pediatric Cellular Therapy, AdventHealth for Children, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Kinnari Sorathia
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Robin J. Nakkula
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Dean A. Lee
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Meisam Naeimi Kararoudi
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- CRISPR/Gene Editing Core, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zeidler JD, Hogan KA, Agorrody G, Peclat TR, Kashyap S, Kanamori KS, Gomez LS, Mazdeh DZ, Warner GM, Thompson KL, Chini CCS, Chini EN. The CD38 glycohydrolase and the NAD sink: implications for pathological conditions. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C521-C545. [PMID: 35138178 PMCID: PMC8917930 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00451.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) acts as a cofactor in several oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions and is a substrate for a number of nonredox enzymes. NAD is fundamental to a variety of cellular processes including energy metabolism, cell signaling, and epigenetics. NAD homeostasis appears to be of paramount importance to health span and longevity, and its dysregulation is associated with multiple diseases. NAD metabolism is dynamic and maintained by synthesis and degradation. The enzyme CD38, one of the main NAD-consuming enzymes, is a key component of NAD homeostasis. The majority of CD38 is localized in the plasma membrane with its catalytic domain facing the extracellular environment, likely for the purpose of controlling systemic levels of NAD. Several cell types express CD38, but its expression predominates on endothelial cells and immune cells capable of infiltrating organs and tissues. Here we review potential roles of CD38 in health and disease and postulate ways in which CD38 dysregulation causes changes in NAD homeostasis and contributes to the pathophysiology of multiple conditions. Indeed, in animal models the development of infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, fibrosis, metabolic diseases, and age-associated diseases including cancer, heart disease, and neurodegeneration are associated with altered CD38 enzymatic activity. Many of these conditions are modified in CD38-deficient mice or by blocking CD38 NADase activity. In diseases in which CD38 appears to play a role, CD38-dependent NAD decline is often a common denominator of pathophysiology. Thus, understanding dysregulation of NAD homeostasis by CD38 may open new avenues for the treatment of human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julianna D. Zeidler
- 1Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kelly A. Hogan
- 1Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Guillermo Agorrody
- 3Departamento de Fisiopatología, Hospital de Clínicas, Montevideo, Uruguay,4Laboratorio de Patologías del Metabolismo y el Envejecimiento, Instituto Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Thais R. Peclat
- 1Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sonu Kashyap
- 2Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Karina S. Kanamori
- 1Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Lilian Sales Gomez
- 1Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Delaram Z. Mazdeh
- 1Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Gina M. Warner
- 1Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Katie L. Thompson
- 1Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Claudia C. S. Chini
- 2Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Eduardo Nunes Chini
- 1Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota,2Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Agorrody G, Peclat TR, Peluso G, Gonano LA, Santos L, van Schooten W, Chini CCS, Escande C, Chini EN, Contreras P. Benefits in cardiac function by CD38 suppression: Improvement in NAD + levels, exercise capacity, heart rate variability and protection against catecholamine induced ventricular arrhythmias. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 166:11-22. [PMID: 35114253 PMCID: PMC9035106 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
CD38 enzymatic activity regulates NAD+ and cADPR levels in mammalian tissues, and therefore has a prominent role in cellular metabolism and calcium homeostasis. Consequently, it is reasonable to hypothesize about its involvement in cardiovascular physiology as well as in heart related pathological conditions. AIM To investigate the role of CD38 in cardiovascular performance, and its involvement in cardiac electrophysiology and calcium-handling. METHODS AND RESULTS When submitted to a treadmill exhaustion test, a way of evaluating cardiovascular performance, adult male CD38KO mice showed better exercise capacity. This benefit was also obtained in genetically modified mice with catalytically inactive (CI) CD38 and in WT mice treated with antibody 68 (Ab68) which blocks CD38 activity. Hearts from these 3 groups (CD38KO, CD38CI and Ab68) showed increased NAD+ levels. When CD38KO mice were treated with FK866 which inhibits NAD+ biosynthesis, exercise capacity as well as NAD+ in heart tissue decreased to WT levels. Electrocardiograms of conscious unrestrained CD38KO and CD38CI mice showed lower basal heart rates and higher heart rate variability than WT mice. Although inactivation of CD38 in mice resulted in increased SERCA2a expression in the heart, the frequency of spontaneous calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum under stressful conditions (high extracellular calcium concentration) was lower in CD38KO ventricular myocytes. When mice were challenged with caffeine-epinephrine, CD38KO mice had a lower incidence of bidirectional ventricular tachycardia when compared to WT ones. CONCLUSION CD38 inhibition improves exercise performance by regulating NAD+ homeostasis. CD38 is involved in cardiovascular function since its genetic ablation decreases basal heart rate, increases heart rate variability and alters calcium handling in a way that protects mice from developing catecholamine induced ventricular arrhythmias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Agorrody
- Departamento de Fisiopatología, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Fisiología Cardiovascular, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Thais R Peclat
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Gonzalo Peluso
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Cardiovascular, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Luis A Gonano
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Horacio Cingolani, CONICET La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Santos
- Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Aging, INDICyO Program, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | | | - Claudia C S Chini
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Carlos Escande
- Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Aging, INDICyO Program, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Eduardo N Chini
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Paola Contreras
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Cardiovascular, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Aging, INDICyO Program, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ugamraj HS, Dang K, Ouisse LH, Buelow B, Chini EN, Castello G, Allison J, Clarke SC, Davison LM, Buelow R, Deng R, Iyer S, Schellenberger U, Manika SN, Bijpuria S, Musnier A, Poupon A, Cuturi MC, van Schooten W, Dalvi P. TNB-738, a biparatopic antibody, boosts intracellular NAD+ by inhibiting CD38 ecto-enzyme activity. MAbs 2022; 14:2095949. [PMID: 35867844 PMCID: PMC9311320 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2022.2095949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 38 (CD38) is an ecto-enzyme expressed primarily on immune cells that metabolize nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to adenosine diphosphate ribose or cyclic ADP-ribose and nicotinamide. Other substrates of CD38 include nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate and nicotinamide mononucleotide, a critical NAD+ precursor in the salvage pathway. NAD+ is an important coenzyme involved in several metabolic pathways and is a required cofactor for the function of sirtuins (SIRTs) and poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerases. Declines in NAD+ levels are associated with metabolic and inflammatory diseases, aging, and neurodegenerative disorders. To inhibit CD38 enzyme activity and boost NAD+ levels, we developed TNB-738, an anti-CD38 biparatopic antibody that pairs two non-competing heavy chain-only antibodies in a bispecific format. By simultaneously binding two distinct epitopes on CD38, TNB-738 potently inhibited its enzymatic activity, which in turn boosted intracellular NAD+ levels and SIRT activities. Due to its silenced IgG4 Fc, TNB-738 did not deplete CD38-expressing cells, in contrast to the clinically available anti-CD38 antibodies, daratumumab, and isatuximab. TNB-738 offers numerous advantages compared to other NAD-boosting therapeutics, including small molecules, and supplements, due to its long half-life, specificity, safety profile, and activity. Overall, TNB-738 represents a novel treatment with broad therapeutic potential for metabolic and inflammatory diseases associated with NAD+ deficiencies.Abbreviations: 7-AAD: 7-aminoactinomycin D; ADCC: antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity; ADCP: antibody dependent cell-mediated phagocytosis; ADPR: adenosine diphosphate ribose; APC: allophycocyanin; cADPR: cyclic ADP-ribose; cDNA: complementary DNA; BSA: bovine serum albumin; CD38: cluster of differentiation 38; CDC: complement dependent cytotoxicity; CFA: Freund's complete adjuvant; CHO: Chinese hamster ovary; CCP4: collaborative computational project, number 4; COOT: crystallographic object-oriented toolkit; DAPI: 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid; DSC: differential scanning calorimetry; 3D: three dimensional; εNAD+: nicotinamide 1,N6-ethenoadenine dinucleotide; ECD: extracellular domain; EGF: epidermal growth factor; FACS: fluorescence activated cell sorting; FcγR: Fc gamma receptors; FITC: fluorescein isothiocyanate; HEK: human embryonic kidney; HEPES: 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid; IgG: immunoglobulin; IFA: incomplete Freund's adjuvant; IFNγ: Interferon gamma; KB: kinetic buffer; kDa: kilodalton; KEGG: kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; M: molar; mM: millimolar; MFI: mean fluorescent intensity; NA: nicotinic acid; NAD: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; NADP: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; NAM: nicotinamide; NGS: next-generation sequencing; NHS/EDC: N-Hydroxysuccinimide/ ethyl (dimethylamino propyl) carbodiimide; Ni-NTA: nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid; nL: nanoliter; NK: natural killer; NMN: nicotinamide mononucleotide; OD: optical density; PARP: poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PBMC: peripheral blood mononuclear cell; PDB: protein data bank; PE: phycoerythrin; PISA: protein interfaces, surfaces, and assemblies: PK: pharmacokinetics; mol: picomolar; RNA: ribonucleic acid; RLU: relative luminescence units; rpm: rotations per minute; RU: resonance unit; SEC: size exclusion chromatography; SEM: standard error of the mean; SIRT: sirtuins; SPR: surface plasmon resonance; µg: microgram; µM: micromolar; µL: microliter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laure-Hélène Ouisse
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, Université, Nantes, France
| | | | - Eduardo N Chini
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Kogod Center on Aging, Mitochondrial Care Center, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rong Deng
- R&D Q-Pharm consulting LLC, Pleasanton, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria Cristina Cuturi
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, Université, Nantes, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a central metabolite involved in energy and redox homeostasis as well as in DNA repair and protein deacetylation reactions. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of NAD+-degrading enzymes, external supplementation of NAD+ precursors, and transgenic overexpression of NAD+-generating enzymes have wide positive effects on metabolic health and age-associated diseases. NAD+ pools tend to decline with normal aging, obesity, and hypertension, which are all major risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and NAD+ replenishment extends healthspan, avoids metabolic syndrome, and reduces blood pressure in preclinical models. In addition, experimental elevation of NAD+ improves atherosclerosis, ischemic, diabetic, arrhythmogenic, hypertrophic, or dilated cardiomyopathies, as well as different modalities of heart failure. Here, we critically discuss cardiomyocyte-specific circuitries of NAD+ metabolism, comparatively evaluate distinct NAD+ precursors for their preclinical efficacy, and raise outstanding questions on the optimal design of clinical trials in which NAD+ replenishment or supraphysiological NAD+ elevations are assessed for the prevention or treatment of major cardiac diseases. We surmise that patients with hitherto intractable cardiac diseases such as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction may profit from the administration of NAD+ precursors. The development of such NAD+-centered treatments will rely on technological and conceptual progress on the fine regulation of NAD+ metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Abdellatif
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (M.A., S.S.).,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (M.A., G.K.).,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) U1138, Institut Universitaire de France (M.A., G.K.)
| | - Simon Sedej
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (M.A., S.S.).,Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Slovenia (S.S.)
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (M.A., G.K.).,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) U1138, Institut Universitaire de France (M.A., G.K.).,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris 7015, France (G.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Critical Role of Astrocyte NAD + Glycohydrolase in Myelin Injury and Regeneration. J Neurosci 2021; 41:8644-8667. [PMID: 34493542 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2264-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Western-style diets cause disruptions in myelinating cells and astrocytes within the mouse CNS. Increased CD38 expression is present in the cuprizone and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis models of demyelination and CD38 is the main nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-depleting enzyme in the CNS. Altered NAD+ metabolism is linked to both high fat consumption and multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we identify increased CD38 expression in the male mouse spinal cord following chronic high fat consumption, after focal toxin [lysolecithin (LL)]-mediated demyelinating injury, and in reactive astrocytes within active MS lesions. We demonstrate that CD38 catalytically inactive mice are substantially protected from high fat-induced NAD+ depletion, oligodendrocyte loss, oxidative damage, and astrogliosis. A CD38 inhibitor, 78c, increased NAD+ and attenuated neuroinflammatory changes induced by saturated fat applied to astrocyte cultures. Conditioned media from saturated fat-exposed astrocytes applied to oligodendrocyte cultures impaired myelin protein production, suggesting astrocyte-driven indirect mechanisms of oligodendrogliopathy. In cerebellar organotypic slice cultures subject to LL-demyelination, saturated fat impaired signs of remyelination effects that were mitigated by concomitant 78c treatment. Significantly, oral 78c increased counts of oligodendrocytes and remyelinated axons after focal LL-induced spinal cord demyelination. Using a RiboTag approach, we identified a unique in vivo brain astrocyte translatome profile induced by 78c-mediated CD38 inhibition in mice, including decreased expression of proinflammatory astrocyte markers and increased growth factors. Our findings suggest that a high-fat diet impairs oligodendrocyte survival and differentiation through astrocyte-linked mechanisms mediated by the NAD+ase CD38 and highlights CD38 inhibitors as potential therapeutic candidates to improve myelin regeneration.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Myelin disturbances and oligodendrocyte loss can leave axons vulnerable, leading to permanent neurologic deficits. The results of this study suggest that metabolic disturbances, triggered by consumption of a diet high in fat, promote oligodendrogliopathy and impair myelin regeneration through astrocyte-linked indirect nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent mechanisms. We demonstrate that restoring NAD+ levels via genetic inactivation of CD38 can overcome these effects. Moreover, we show that therapeutic inactivation of CD38 can enhance myelin regeneration. Together, these findings point to a new metabolic targeting strategy positioned to improve disease course in multiple sclerosis and other conditions in which the integrity of myelin is a key concern.
Collapse
|
13
|
Hu YR, Xing SL, Chen C, Shen DZ, Chen JL. Codonopsis pilosula Polysaccharides Alleviate Aβ 1-40-Induced PC12 Cells Energy Dysmetabolism via CD38/NAD+ Signaling Pathway. Curr Alzheimer Res 2021; 18:208-221. [PMID: 34102973 PMCID: PMC8506921 DOI: 10.2174/1567205018666210608103831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and has a complex pathogenesis with no effective treatment. Energy metabolism disorders, as an early pathological event of AD,have attracted attention as a promising area of AD research. Codonopsis pilosula Polysaccharides are the main effective components of Codonopsis pilosula, which have been demonstrated to regulate energy metabolism. Methods In order to further study the roles and mechanisms of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides in AD, this study used an Aβ1-40-induced PC12 cells model to study the protective effects of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides and their potential mechanisms in improving energy metabolism dysfunction. Results The results showed that Aβ1-40 induced a decrease in PC12 cells viability, energy metabolism molecules (ATP, NAD+, and NAD+/NADH) and Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (MMP) and an increase in ROS. Additionally, it was found that Aβ1-40 increased CD38 expression related to NAD+ homeostasis, whereas Silent Information Regulation 2 homolog1 (SIRT1, SIRT3), Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α) and SIRT3 activity were decreased. Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides increased NAD+, NAD+/NADH, SIRT3, SIRT1, and PGC-1α related to NAD+, thus partially recovering ATP. Conclusion Our findings reveal that Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides protected PC12 cells from Aβ1-40-induced damage, suggesting that these components of the Codonopsis pilosula herb may represent an early treatment option for AD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi R Hu
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - San L Xing
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ding Z Shen
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jiu L Chen
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fusco-Allison G, Li DK, Hunter B, Jackson D, Bannon PG, Lal S, O'Sullivan JF. Optimizing the discovery and assessment of therapeutic targets in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. ESC Heart Fail 2021; 8:3643-3655. [PMID: 34342166 PMCID: PMC8497375 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for models that faithfully replicate heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), now recognized as the most common form of heart failure in the world. In vitro approaches have several shortcomings, most notably the immature nature of stem cell‐derived human cardiomyocytes [induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)] and the relatively short lifespan of primary cardiomyocytes. Three‐dimensional ‘organoids’ incorporating mature iPSCs with other cell types such as endothelial cells and fibroblasts are a significant advance, but lack the complexity of true myocardium. Animal models can replicate many features of human HFpEF, and rodent models are the most common, and recent attempts to incorporate haemodynamic, metabolic, and ageing contributions are encouraging. Differences relating to species, physiology, heart rate, and heart size are major limitations for rodent models. Porcine models mitigate many of these shortcomings and approximate human physiology more closely, but cost and time considerations limit their potential for widespread use. Ex vivo analysis of failing hearts from animal models offer intriguing possibilities regarding cardiac substrate utilisation, but are ultimately subject to the same constrains as the animal models from which the hearts are obtained. Ex vivo approaches using human myocardial biopsies can uncover new insights into pathobiology leveraging myocardial energetics, substrate turnover, molecular changes, and systolic/diastolic function. In collaboration with a skilled cardiothoracic surgeon, left ventricular endomyocardial biopsies can be obtained at the time of valvular surgery in HFpEF patients. Critically, these tissues maintain their disease phenotype, preserving inter‐relationship of myocardial cells and extracellular matrix. This review highlights a novel approach, where ultra‐thin myocardial tissue slices from human HFpEF hearts can be used to assess changes in myocardial structure and function. We discuss current approaches to modelling HFpEF, describe in detail the novel tissue slice model, expand on exciting opportunities this model provides, and outline ways to improve this model further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Fusco-Allison
- Precision Cardiovascular Laboratory, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Heart Research Institute, Newtown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Desmond K Li
- Precision Cardiovascular Laboratory, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Heart Research Institute, Newtown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Benjamin Hunter
- Precision Cardiovascular Laboratory, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dan Jackson
- Precision Cardiovascular Laboratory, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Surgery, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul G Bannon
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Surgery, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sean Lal
- Precision Cardiovascular Laboratory, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John F O'Sullivan
- Precision Cardiovascular Laboratory, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Heart Research Institute, Newtown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li C, Wu LE. Risks and rewards of targeting NAD + homeostasis in the brain. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 198:111545. [PMID: 34302821 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Strategies to correct declining nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels in neurological disease and biological ageing are promising therapeutic candidates. These strategies include supplementing with NAD+ precursors, small molecule activation of NAD+ biosynthetic enzymes, and treatment with small molecule inhibitors of NAD+ consuming enzymes such as CD38, SARM1 or members of the PARP family. While these strategies have shown efficacy in animal models of neurological disease, each of these has the mechanistic potential for adverse events that could preclude their preclinical use. Here, we discuss the implications of these strategies for treating neurological diseases, including potential off-target effects that may be unique to the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Li
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Lindsay E Wu
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dall M, Hassing AS, Treebak JT. NAD + and NAFLD - caution, causality and careful optimism. J Physiol 2021; 600:1135-1154. [PMID: 33932956 DOI: 10.1113/jp280908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing worldwide, and new treatments are sorely needed. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) has been proposed as a potential target to prevent and reverse NAFLD. NAD+ is an important redox factor for energy metabolism and is used as a substrate by a range of enzymes, including sirtuins (SIRT), which regulates histone acetylation, transcription factor activity and mitochondrial function. NAD+ is also a precursor for reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), which is an important component of the antioxidant defense system. NAD+ precursors such as nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) are available as over-the-counter dietary supplements, and oral supplementation with these precursors increases hepatic NAD+ levels and prevents hepatic lipid accumulation in pre-clinical models of NAFLD. NAD+ precursors have also been found to improve hepatic mitochondrial function and decrease oxidative stress in pre-clinical NAFLD models. NAD+ repletion also prevents NAFLD progression to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), as NAD+ precursor supplementation is associated with decreased hepatic stellate cell activation, and decreased fibrosis. However, initial clinical trials have only shown modest effects when NAD+ precursors were administrated to people with obesity. We review the available pre-clinical investigations of NAD+ supplementation for targeting NAFLD, and discuss how data from the first clinical trials can be reconciled with observations from preclinical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morten Dall
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna S Hassing
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Franczyk MP, Qi N, Stromsdorfer KL, Li C, Yamaguchi S, Itoh H, Yoshino M, Sasaki Y, Brookheart RT, Finck BN, DeBosch BJ, Klein S, Yoshino J. Importance of Adipose Tissue NAD+ Biology in Regulating Metabolic Flexibility. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6128705. [PMID: 33543238 PMCID: PMC7853299 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential coenzyme that regulates cellular energy metabolism in many cell types. The major purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that NAD+ in white adipose tissue (WAT) is a regulator of whole-body metabolic flexibility in response to changes in insulin sensitivity and with respect to substrate availability and use during feeding and fasting conditions. To this end, we first evaluated the relationship between WAT NAD+ concentration and metabolic flexibility in mice and humans. We found that WAT NAD+ concentration was increased in mice after calorie restriction and exercise, 2 enhancers of metabolic flexibility. Bariatric surgery-induced 20% weight loss increased plasma adiponectin concentration, skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity, and WAT NAD+ concentration in people with obesity. We next analyzed adipocyte-specific nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) knockout (ANKO) mice, which have markedly decreased NAD+ concentrations in WAT. ANKO mice oxidized more glucose during the light period and after fasting than control mice. In contrast, the normal postprandial stimulation of glucose oxidation and suppression of fat oxidation were impaired in ANKO mice. Data obtained from RNA-sequencing of WAT suggest that loss of NAMPT increases inflammation, and impairs insulin sensitivity, glucose oxidation, lipolysis, branched-chain amino acid catabolism, and mitochondrial function in WAT, which are features of metabolic inflexibility. These results demonstrate a novel function of WAT NAMPT-mediated NAD+ biosynthesis in regulating whole-body metabolic flexibility, and provide new insights into the role of adipose tissue NAD+ biology in metabolic health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Franczyk
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nathan Qi
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kelly L Stromsdorfer
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Chengcheng Li
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Shintaro Yamaguchi
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mihoko Yoshino
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yo Sasaki
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Rita T Brookheart
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Brian N Finck
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Brian J DeBosch
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Samuel Klein
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jun Yoshino
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Correspondence: Jun Yoshino, MD, PhD, Center for Human Nutrition, Division of Geriatrics & Nutritional Science, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8031, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Komleva Y, Chernykh A, Lopatina O, Gorina Y, Lokteva I, Salmina A, Gollasch M. Inflamm-Aging and Brain Insulin Resistance: New Insights and Role of Life-style Strategies on Cognitive and Social Determinants in Aging and Neurodegeneration. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:618395. [PMID: 33519369 PMCID: PMC7841337 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.618395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, the human life span has dramatically increased, and therefore, a steady increase in diseases associated with age (such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease) is expected. In these neurodegenerative diseases, there is a cognitive decline and memory loss, which accompany increased systemic inflammation, the inflamm-aging, and the insulin resistance. Despite numerous studies of age-related pathologies, data on the contribution of brain insulin resistance and innate immunity components to aging are insufficient. Recently, much research has been focused on the consequences of nutrients and adiposity- and nutrient-related signals in brain aging and cognitive decline. Moreover, given the role of metainflammation in neurodegeneration, lifestyle interventions such as calorie restriction may be an effective way to break the vicious cycle of metainflammation and have a role in social behavior. The various effects of calorie restriction on metainflammation, insulin resistance, and neurodegeneration have been described. Less attention has been paid to the social determinants of aging and the possible mechanism by which calorie restriction might influence social behavior. The purpose of this review is to discuss current knowledge in the interdisciplinary field of geroscience-immunosenescence, inflamm-aging, and metainflammation-which makes a significant contribution to aging. A substantial part of the review is devoted to frontiers in the brain insulin resistance in relation to neuroinflammation. In addition, we summarize new data on potential mechanisms of calorie restriction that influence as a lifestyle intervention on the social brain. This knowledge can be used to initiate successful aging and slow the onset of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Komleva
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Anatoly Chernykh
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Olga Lopatina
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Yana Gorina
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Irina Lokteva
- Medical Center “Private Practice”, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Alla Salmina
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Maik Gollasch
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Greifswald Medical School, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Geriatric Medicine Center, Wolgast Hospital, Wolgast, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Distinct physical condition and social behavior phenotypes of CD157 and CD38 knockout mice during aging. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244022. [PMID: 33326496 PMCID: PMC7743928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of CD38 and CD157 to utilize nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) has received much attention because the aging-induced elevation of CD38 expression plays a role in the senescence-related decline in NAD levels. Therefore, it is of interest to examine and compare the effects of age-associated changes on the general health and brain function impairment of Cd157 and Cd38 knockout (CD157 KO and CD38 KO) mice. The body weight and behaviors were measured in 8-week-old (young adult) or 12-month-old (middle-aged) male mice of both KO strains. The locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, and social behavior of the mice were measured in the open field and three-chamber tests. The middle-aged CD157 KO male mice gained more body weight than young adult KO mice, while little or no body weight gain was observed in the middle-aged CD38 KO mice. Middle-aged CD157 KO mice displayed increased anxiety-like behavior and decreased sociability and interaction compared with young adult KO mice. Middle-aged CD38 KO mice showed less anxiety and hyperactivity than CD157 KO mice, similar to young adult CD38 KO mice. The results reveal marked age-dependent changes in male CD157 KO mice but not in male CD38 KO mice. We discuss the distinct differences in aging effects from the perspective of inhibition of NAD metabolism in CD157 and CD38 KO mice, which may contribute to differential behavioral changes during aging.
Collapse
|
20
|
Shi B, Wang W, Korman B, Kai L, Wang Q, Wei J, Bale S, Marangoni RG, Bhattacharyya S, Miller S, Xu D, Akbarpour M, Cheresh P, Proccissi D, Gursel D, Espindola-Netto JM, Chini CCS, de Oliveira GC, Gudjonsson JE, Chini EN, Varga J. Targeting CD38-dependent NAD + metabolism to mitigate multiple organ fibrosis. iScience 2020; 24:101902. [PMID: 33385109 PMCID: PMC7770554 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The processes underlying synchronous multiple organ fibrosis in systemic sclerosis (SSc) remain poorly understood. Age-related pathologies are associated with organismal decline in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) that is due to dysregulation of NAD+ homeostasis and involves the NADase CD38. We now show that CD38 is upregulated in patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc, and CD38 levels in the skin associate with molecular fibrosis signatures, as well as clinical fibrosis scores, while expression of key NAD+-synthesizing enzymes is unaltered. Boosting NAD+ via genetic or pharmacological CD38 targeting or NAD+ precursor supplementation protected mice from skin, lung, and peritoneal fibrosis. In mechanistic experiments, CD38 was found to reduce NAD+ levels and sirtuin activity to augment cellular fibrotic responses, while inhibiting CD38 had the opposite effect. Thus, we identify CD38 upregulation and resulting disrupted NAD+ homeostasis as a fundamental mechanism driving fibrosis in SSc, suggesting that CD38 might represent a novel therapeutic target. CD38 shows elevated expression in skin biopsies of patients with systemic sclerosis Elevated CD38 is associated with reduced NAD+ and augmented fibrotic responses Genetic loss of CD38 is associated with increased NAD+ levels and attenuated fibrosis NAD+ boosting via CD38 inhibition or NR supplementation prevents multi-organ fibrosis
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shi
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Wenxia Wang
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Benjamin Korman
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Li Kai
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jun Wei
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Swarna Bale
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Roberta Goncalves Marangoni
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Swati Bhattacharyya
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Stephen Miller
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Mahzad Akbarpour
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Paul Cheresh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Daniele Proccissi
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Demirkan Gursel
- Pathology Core Facility, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | | - Claudia C S Chini
- Department of Anesthesiology and Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester 55905 MN, USA
| | - Guilherme C de Oliveira
- Department of Anesthesiology and Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester 55905 MN, USA
| | | | - Eduardo N Chini
- Department of Anesthesiology and Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester 55905 MN, USA
| | - John Varga
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Benzi A, Sturla L, Heine M, Fischer AW, Spinelli S, Magnone M, Sociali G, Parodi A, Fenoglio D, Emionite L, Koch-Nolte F, Mittrücker HW, Guse AH, De Flora A, Zocchi E, Heeren J, Bruzzone S. CD38 downregulation modulates NAD + and NADP(H) levels in thermogenic adipose tissues. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1866:158819. [PMID: 33010451 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Different strategies to boost NAD+ levels are considered promising means to promote healthy aging and ameliorate dysfunctional metabolism. CD38 is a NAD+-dependent enzyme involved in the regulation of different cell functions. In the context of systemic energy metabolism, it has been demonstrated that brown adipocytes, the parenchymal cells of brown adipose tissue (BAT) as well as beige adipocytes that emerge in white adipose tissue (WAT) depots in response to catabolic conditions, are important to maintain metabolic homeostasis. In this study we aim to understand the functional relevance of CD38 for NAD+ and energy metabolism in BAT and WAT, also using a CD38-/- mouse model. During cold exposure, an increase in NAD+ levels occurred in BAT of wild type mice, together with a marked downregulation of CD38, as detected at the mRNA and protein level. CD38 downregulation was observed also in WAT of cold-exposed mice, where it was accompanied by a strong increase in NADP(H) levels. Accordingly, NAD kinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were enhanced in WAT (but not in BAT). Increased NAD+ levels were observed in BAT/WAT from CD38-/- compared with wild type mice, in line with CD38 being a major NAD+-consumer in AT. CD38-/- mice kept at 6 °C had higher levels of Ucp1 and Pgc-1α in BAT and WAT, and increased levels of phosphorylated hormone-sensitive lipase in BAT, compared with wild type mice. These results demonstrate that CD38, by modulating cellular NAD(P)+ levels, is involved in the regulation of thermogenic responses in cold-activated BAT and WAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Benzi
- DIMES-Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, Italy
| | - Laura Sturla
- DIMES-Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, Italy.
| | - Markus Heine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander W Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sonia Spinelli
- DIMES-Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, Italy
| | - Mirko Magnone
- DIMES-Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, Italy
| | | | | | - Daniela Fenoglio
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Italy
| | - Laura Emionite
- Animal Facility, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Friedrich Koch-Nolte
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Willi Mittrücker
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas H Guse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Elena Zocchi
- DIMES-Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, Italy
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Noll NA, Lal H, Merryman WD. Mouse Models of Heart Failure with Preserved or Reduced Ejection Fraction. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:1596-1608. [PMID: 32343958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a chronic, complex condition with increasing incidence worldwide, necessitating the development of novel therapeutic strategies. This has led to the current clinical strategies, which only treat symptoms of HF without addressing the underlying causes. Multiple animal models have been developed in an attempt to recreate the chronic HF phenotype that arises following a variety of myocardial injuries. Although significant strides have been made in HF research, an understanding of more specific mechanisms will require distinguishing models that resemble HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) from those with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Therefore, current mouse models of HF need to be re-assessed to determine which of them most closely recapitulate the specific etiology of HF being studied. This will allow for the development of therapies targeted specifically at HFpEF or HFrEF. This review will summarize the commonly used mouse models of HF and discuss which aspect of human HF each model replicates, focusing on whether HFpEF or HFrEF is induced, to allow better investigation into pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Noll
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Hind Lal
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - W David Merryman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Castro-Portuguez R, Sutphin GL. Kynurenine pathway, NAD + synthesis, and mitochondrial function: Targeting tryptophan metabolism to promote longevity and healthspan. Exp Gerontol 2020; 132:110841. [PMID: 31954874 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a progressive decline in the normal physiological functions of an organism, ultimately leading to mortality. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential cofactor that plays a critical role in mitochondrial energy production as well as many enzymatic redox reactions. Age-associated decline in NAD+ is implicated as a driving factor in several categories of age-associated disease, including metabolic and neurodegenerative disease, as well as deficiency in the mechanisms of cellular defense against oxidative stress. The kynurenine metabolic pathway is the sole de novo NAD+ biosynthetic pathway, generating NAD+ from ingested tryptophan. Altered kynurenine pathway activity is associated with both aging and a variety of age-associated diseases. Kynurenine pathway interventions can extend lifespan in both fruit flies and nematodes, and altered NAD+ metabolism represents one potential mediating mechanism. Recent studies demonstrate that supplementation with NAD+ or NAD+-precursors increase longevity and promote healthy aging in fruit flies, nematodes, and mice. NAD+ levels and the intrinsic relationship to mitochondrial function have been widely studied in the context of aging. Mitochondrial function and dynamics have both been implicated in longevity determination in a range of organisms from yeast to humans, at least in part due to their intimate link to regulating an organism's cellular energy economy and capacity to resist oxidative stress. Recent findings support the idea that complex communication between the mitochondria and the nucleus orchestrates a series of events and stress responses involving mitophagy, mitochondrial number, mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), and mitochondria fission and fusion events. In this review, we discuss how mitochondrial morphological changes and dynamics operate during aging, and how altered metabolism of tryptophan to NAD+ through the kynurenine pathway interacts with these processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raul Castro-Portuguez
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, 85721, AZ, USA
| | - George L Sutphin
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, 85721, AZ, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, 85721, AZ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chandrasekaran K, Salimian M, Konduru SR, Choi J, Kumar P, Long A, Klimova N, Ho CY, Kristian T, Russell JW. Overexpression of Sirtuin 1 protein in neurons prevents and reverses experimental diabetic neuropathy. Brain 2019; 142:3737-3752. [PMID: 31754701 PMCID: PMC6885680 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In diabetic neuropathy, there is activation of axonal and sensory neuronal degeneration pathways leading to distal axonopathy. The nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylase enzyme, Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), can prevent activation of these pathways and promote axonal regeneration. In this study, we tested whether increased expression of SIRT1 protein in sensory neurons prevents and reverses experimental diabetic neuropathy induced by a high fat diet (HFD). We generated a transgenic mouse that is inducible and overexpresses SIRT1 protein in neurons (nSIRT1OE Tg). Higher levels of SIRT1 protein were localized to cortical and hippocampal neuronal nuclei in the brain and in nuclei and cytoplasm of small to medium sized neurons in dorsal root ganglia. Wild-type and nSIRT1OE Tg mice were fed with either control diet (6.2% fat) or a HFD (36% fat) for 2 months. HFD-fed wild-type mice developed neuropathy as determined by abnormal motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity, mechanical allodynia, and loss of intraepidermal nerve fibres. In contrast, nSIRT1OE prevented a HFD-induced neuropathy despite the animals remaining hyperglycaemic. To test if nSIRT1OE would reverse HFD-induced neuropathy, nSIRT1OE was activated after mice developed peripheral neuropathy on a HFD. Two months after nSIRT1OE, we observed reversal of neuropathy and an increase in intraepidermal nerve fibre. Cultured adult dorsal root ganglion neurons from nSIRT1OE mice, maintained at high (30 mM) total glucose, showed higher basal and maximal respiratory capacity when compared to adult dorsal root ganglion neurons from wild-type mice. In dorsal root ganglion protein extracts from nSIRT1OE mice, the NAD+-consuming enzyme PARP1 was deactivated and the major deacetylated protein was identified to be an E3 protein ligase, NEDD4-1, a protein required for axonal growth, regeneration and proteostasis in neurodegenerative diseases. Our results indicate that nSIRT1OE prevents and reverses neuropathy. Increased mitochondrial respiratory capacity and NEDD4 activation was associated with increased axonal growth driven by neuronal overexpression of SIRT1. Therapies that regulate NAD+ and thereby target sirtuins may be beneficial in human diabetic sensory polyneuropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krish Chandrasekaran
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mohammad Salimian
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Sruthi R Konduru
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Joungil Choi
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Pranith Kumar
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Aaron Long
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Nina Klimova
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Cheng-Ying Ho
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Tibor Kristian
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - James W Russell
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Correspondence to: James W. Russell, MBChB, MS Professor, Department of Neurology, Anatomy and Neurobiology University of Maryland School of Medicine 3S-129, 110 South Paca Street, Baltimore, MD 21201-1642, USA E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Singh S, Warren HR, Hiltunen TP, McDonough CW, El Rouby N, Salvi E, Wang Z, Garofalidou T, Fyhrquist F, Kontula KK, Glorioso V, Zaninello R, Glorioso N, Pepine CJ, Munroe PB, Turner ST, Chapman AB, Boerwinkle E, Johnson JA, Gong Y, Cooper-DeHoff RM. Genome-Wide Meta-Analysis of Blood Pressure Response to β 1-Blockers: Results From ICAPS (International Consortium of Antihypertensive Pharmacogenomics Studies). J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e013115. [PMID: 31423876 PMCID: PMC6759913 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.013115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundThere exists a wide interindividual variability in blood pressure (BP) response to β1-blockers. To identify the genetic determinants of this variability, we performed a pharmacogenomic genome-wide meta-analysis of genetic variants influencing β1-blocker BP response.Methods and ResultsGenome-wide association analysis for systolic BP and diastolic BP response to β1-blockers from 5 randomized clinical trials consisting of 1254 patients with hypertension of European ancestry were combined in meta-analysis and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with P<10-4 were tested for replication in 2 independent randomized clinical trials of β1-blocker-treated patients of European ancestry (n=1552). Regions harboring the replicated SNPs were validated in a β1-blocker-treated black cohort from 2 randomized clinical trials (n=315). A missense SNP rs28404156 in BST1 was associated with systolic BP response to β1-blockers in the discovery meta-analysis (P=9.33×10-5, β=-3.21 mm Hg) and replicated at Bonferroni significance (P=1.85×10-4, β=-4.86 mm Hg) in the replication meta-analysis with combined meta-analysis approaching genome-wide significance (P=2.18×10-7). This SNP in BST1 is in linkage disequilibrium with several SNPs with putative regulatory functions in nearby genes, including CD38, FBXL5, and FGFBP1, all of which have been implicated in BP regulation. SNPs in this genetic region were also associated with BP response in the black cohort.ConclusionsData from randomized clinical trials of 8 European ancestry and 2 black cohorts support the assumption that BST1 containing locus on chromosome 4 is associated with β1-blocker BP response. Given the previous associations of this region with BP, this is a strong candidate region for future functional studies and potential use in precision medicine approaches for BP management and risk prediction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Singh
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL
| | - Helen R Warren
- William Harvey Research Institute Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Center Queen Mary University of London United Kingdom
| | - Timo P Hiltunen
- Department of Medicine University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Medicine University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Caitrin W McDonough
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL
| | - Nihal El Rouby
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL
| | - Erika Salvi
- Neuroalgology Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta," Milan Italy
| | - Zhiying Wang
- Human Genetics and Institute of Molecular Medicine University of Texas Health Science Center Houston TX
| | - Tatiana Garofalidou
- William Harvey Research Institute Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London United Kingdom
| | - Frej Fyhrquist
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research Helsinki Finland
| | - Kimmo K Kontula
- Department of Medicine University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Medicine University of Helsinki Finland
| | | | - Roberta Zaninello
- Hypertension and related diseases Centre Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Sassari Italy
| | - Nicola Glorioso
- Hypertension and related diseases Centre Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Sassari Italy
| | - Carl J Pepine
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- William Harvey Research Institute Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Center Queen Mary University of London United Kingdom
| | - Stephan T Turner
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
| | | | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics and Institute of Molecular Medicine University of Texas Health Science Center Houston TX
| | - Julie A Johnson
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL
| | - Rhonda M Cooper-DeHoff
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Connell NJ, Houtkooper RH, Schrauwen P. NAD + metabolism as a target for metabolic health: have we found the silver bullet? Diabetologia 2019; 62:888-899. [PMID: 30772929 PMCID: PMC6509089 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-4831-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
NAD+ has gone in and out of fashion within the scientific community a number of times since its discovery in the early 1900s. Over the last decade, NAD+ has emerged as a potential target for combatting metabolic disturbances and the mitochondrial dysfunction that is mediated through sirtuin (SIRT) enzymes. The beneficial metabolic effects of the NAD+/SIRT axis have triggered an increased interest in NAD+ as an enhancer of energy metabolism. As a result, a myriad of publications have focused on NAD+ metabolism, with the majority of the work having been performed using in vitro models, and in vivo work largely consisting of interventions in Caenorhabditis elegans and rodents. Human intervention trials, on the other hand, are scarce. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art on influencing NAD+ metabolism in humans and to set the stage for what the future of this exciting field may hold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niels J Connell
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Riekelt H Houtkooper
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rodríguez-Alba JC, Abrego-Peredo A, Gallardo-Hernández C, Pérez-Lara J, Santiago-Cruz JW, Jiang JW, Espinosa E. HIV Disease Progression: Overexpression of the Ectoenzyme CD38 as a Contributory Factor? Bioessays 2019; 41:e1800128. [PMID: 30537007 PMCID: PMC6545924 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201800128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite abundant evidence associating CD38 overexpression and CD4 T cell depletion in HIV infection, no causal relation has been investigated. To address this issue, a series of mechanisms are proposed, supported by evidence from different fields, by which CD38 overexpression can facilitate CD4 T cell depletion in HIV infection. According to this model, increased catalytic activity of CD38 may reduce CD4 T cells' cytoplasmic nicotin-amide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), leading to a chronic Warburg effect. This will reduce mitochondrial function. Simultaneously, CD38's catalytic products ADPR and cADPR may be transported to the cytoplasm, where they can activate calcium channels and increase cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentrations, further altering mitochondrial integrity. These mechanisms will decrease the viability and regenerative capacity of CD4 T cells. These hypotheses can be tested experimentally, and might reveal novel therapeutic targets. Also see the video abstract here https://youtu.be/k1LTyiTKPKs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. C. Rodríguez-Alba
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - A. Abrego-Peredo
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - C. Gallardo-Hernández
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - J. Pérez-Lara
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - J. W. Santiago-Cruz
- Maestría en Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - J., W. Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA, 29425
| | - E. Espinosa
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases (INER), Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerases in Host-Pathogen Interactions, Inflammation, and Immunity. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2018; 83:83/1/e00038-18. [PMID: 30567936 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00038-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The literature review presented here details recent research involving members of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family of proteins. Among the 17 recognized members of the family, the human enzyme PARP1 is the most extensively studied, resulting in a number of known biological and metabolic roles. This review is focused on the roles played by PARP enzymes in host-pathogen interactions and in diseases with an associated inflammatory response. In mammalian cells, several PARPs have specific roles in the antiviral response; this is perhaps best illustrated by PARP13, also termed the zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP). Plant stress responses and immunity are also regulated by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. PARPs promote inflammatory responses by stimulating proinflammatory signal transduction pathways that lead to the expression of cytokines and cell adhesion molecules. Hence, PARP inhibitors show promise in the treatment of inflammatory disorders and conditions with an inflammatory component, such as diabetes, arthritis, and stroke. These functions are correlated with the biophysical characteristics of PARP family enzymes. This work is important in providing a comprehensive understanding of the molecular basis of pathogenesis and host responses, as well as in the identification of inhibitors. This is important because the identification of inhibitors has been shown to be effective in arresting the progression of disease.
Collapse
|
29
|
Liu L, Su X, Quinn WJ, Hui S, Krukenberg K, Frederick DW, Redpath P, Zhan L, Chellappa K, White E, Migaud M, Mitchison TJ, Baur JA, Rabinowitz JD. Quantitative Analysis of NAD Synthesis-Breakdown Fluxes. Cell Metab 2018; 27:1067-1080.e5. [PMID: 29685734 PMCID: PMC5932087 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The redox cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) plays a central role in metabolism and is a substrate for signaling enzymes including poly-ADP-ribose-polymerases (PARPs) and sirtuins. NAD concentration falls during aging, which has triggered intense interest in strategies to boost NAD levels. A limitation in understanding NAD metabolism has been reliance on concentration measurements. Here, we present isotope-tracer methods for NAD flux quantitation. In cell lines, NAD was made from nicotinamide and consumed largely by PARPs and sirtuins. In vivo, NAD was made from tryptophan selectively in the liver, which then excreted nicotinamide. NAD fluxes varied widely across tissues, with high flux in the small intestine and spleen and low flux in the skeletal muscle. Intravenous administration of nicotinamide riboside or mononucleotide delivered intact molecules to multiple tissues, but the same agents given orally were metabolized to nicotinamide in the liver. Thus, flux analysis can reveal tissue-specific NAD metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Diabetes Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Su
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08904, USA
| | - William J Quinn
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sheng Hui
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Kristin Krukenberg
- Department of System Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Shire, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - David W Frederick
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Philip Redpath
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Le Zhan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Karthikeyani Chellappa
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eileen White
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Marie Migaud
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 7BL, UK; Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Timothy J Mitchison
- Department of System Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Joseph A Baur
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Diabetes Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chini EN, Chini CCS, Espindola Netto JM, de Oliveira GC, van Schooten W. The Pharmacology of CD38/NADase: An Emerging Target in Cancer and Diseases of Aging. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2018; 39:424-436. [PMID: 29482842 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports indicate that intracellular NAD levels decline in tissues during chronological aging, and that therapies aimed at increasing cellular NAD levels could have beneficial effects in many age-related diseases. The protein CD38 (cluster of differentiation 38) is a multifunctional enzyme that degrades NAD and modulates cellular NAD homeostasis. At the physiological level, CD38 has been implicated in the regulation of metabolism and in the pathogenesis of multiple conditions including aging, obesity, diabetes, heart disease, asthma, and inflammation. Interestingly, many of these functions are mediated by CD38 enzymatic activity. In addition, CD38 has also been identified as a cell-surface marker in hematologic cancers such as multiple myeloma, and a cytotoxic anti-CD38 antibody has been approved by the FDA for use in this disease. Although this is a remarkable development, killing CD38-positive tumor cells with cytotoxic anti-CD38 antibodies is only one of the potential pharmacological uses of targeting CD38. The present review discusses the biology of the CD38 enzyme and the current state of development of pharmacological tools aimed at CD38, and explores how these agents may represent a novel approach for treating human conditions including cancer, metabolic disease, and diseases of aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo N Chini
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Claudia C S Chini
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jair Machado Espindola Netto
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Guilherme C de Oliveira
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Valero-Muñoz M, Sam F. Reply. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2018; 3:158-159. [PMID: 30062201 PMCID: PMC6059000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Flora Sam
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany Street, W507, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Carbone
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, West Hospital, 5th Floor, Room 520, 1200 East Broad Street, P.O. Box 980204, Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chini CCS, Tarragó MG, Chini EN. NAD and the aging process: Role in life, death and everything in between. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 455:62-74. [PMID: 27825999 PMCID: PMC5419884 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Life as we know it cannot exist without the nucleotide nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). From the simplest organism, such as bacteria, to the most complex multicellular organisms, NAD is a key cellular component. NAD is extremely abundant in most living cells and has traditionally been described to be a cofactor in electron transfer during oxidation-reduction reactions. In addition to participating in these reactions, NAD has also been shown to play a key role in cell signaling, regulating several pathways from intracellular calcium transients to the epigenetic status of chromatin. Thus, NAD is a molecule that provides an important link between signaling and metabolism, and serves as a key molecule in cellular metabolic sensoring pathways. Importantly, it has now been clearly demonstrated that cellular NAD levels decline during chronological aging. This decline appears to play a crucial role in the development of metabolic dysfunction and age-related diseases. In this review we will discuss the molecular mechanisms responsible for the decrease in NAD levels during aging. Since other reviews on this subject have been recently published, we will concentrate on presenting a critical appraisal of the current status of the literature and will highlight some controversial topics in the field. In particular, we will discuss the potential role of the NADase CD38 as a driver of age-related NAD decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia C S Chini
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Oncology Research, GI Signaling Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Mariana G Tarragó
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Oncology Research, GI Signaling Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Eduardo N Chini
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Oncology Research, GI Signaling Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sultani G, Samsudeen AF, Osborne B, Turner N. NAD + : A key metabolic regulator with great therapeutic potential. J Neuroendocrinol 2017; 29. [PMID: 28718934 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) is a ubiquitous metabolite that serves an essential role in the catabolism of nutrients. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in NAD+ biology, with the recognition that NAD+ influences many biological processes beyond metabolism, including transcription, signalling and cell survival. There are a multitude of pathways involved in the synthesis and breakdown of NAD+ , and alterations in NAD+ homeostasis have emerged as a common feature of a range of disease states. Here, we provide an overview of NAD+ metabolism and summarise progress on the development of NAD+ -related therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Sultani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - A F Samsudeen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - B Osborne
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - N Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sieber MH, Spradling AC. The role of metabolic states in development and disease. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2017; 45:58-68. [PMID: 28347941 PMCID: PMC6894399 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
During development, cells adopt distinct metabolic strategies to support growth, produce energy, and meet the demands of a mature tissue. Some of these metabolic states maintain a constrained program of nutrient utilization, while others providing metabolic flexibility as a means to couple developmental progression with nutrient availability. Here we discuss our understanding of metabolic programs, and how they support specific aspects of animal development. During phases of rapid proliferation a subset of metabolic programs provide the building blocks to support growth. During differentiation, metabolic programs shift to support the unique demands of each tissue. Finally, we discuss how a model system, such as Drosophila egg development, can provide a versatile platform to discover novel mechanisms controlling programmed shift in metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H Sieber
- Department of Embryology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Labs, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Allan C Spradling
- Department of Embryology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Labs, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States.
| |
Collapse
|