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Montero-Vallejo R, Maya-Miles D, Ampuero J, Martín F, Romero-Gómez M, Gallego-Durán R. Novel insights into metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease preclinical models. Liver Int 2024; 44:644-662. [PMID: 38291855 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) encompasses a wide spectrum of metabolic conditions associated with an excess of fat accumulation in the liver, ranging from simple hepatic steatosis to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Finding appropriate tools to study its development and progression is essential to address essential unmet therapeutic and staging needs. This review discusses advantages and shortcomings of different dietary, chemical and genetic factors that can be used to mimic this disease and its progression in mice from a hepatic and metabolic point of view. Also, this review will highlight some additional factors and considerations that could have a strong impact on the outcomes of our model to end up providing recommendations and a checklist to facilitate the selection of the appropriate MASLD preclinical model based on clinical aims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Montero-Vallejo
- SeLiver Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/CSIC/Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
- Hepatic and Digestive Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERehd), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Douglas Maya-Miles
- SeLiver Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/CSIC/Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
- Hepatic and Digestive Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERehd), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Javier Ampuero
- SeLiver Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/CSIC/Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
- Hepatic and Digestive Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERehd), Sevilla, Spain
- Digestive Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Franz Martín
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, University Pablo Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network on Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases-CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Romero-Gómez
- SeLiver Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/CSIC/Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
- Hepatic and Digestive Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERehd), Sevilla, Spain
- Digestive Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rocío Gallego-Durán
- SeLiver Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/CSIC/Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
- Hepatic and Digestive Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERehd), Sevilla, Spain
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Spooner MH, Garcia-Jaramillo M, Apperson KD, Löhr CV, Jump DB. Time course of western diet (WD) induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in female and male Ldlr-/- mice. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292432. [PMID: 37819925 PMCID: PMC10566735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global health problem. Identification of factors contributing to the onset and progression of NAFLD have the potential to direct novel strategies to combat NAFLD. METHODS We examined the time course of western diet (WD)-induced NAFLD and its progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in age-matched female and male Ldlr-/- mice, with time-points at 1, 4, 8, 20 and 40 weeks on the WD. Controls included Ldlr-/- mice maintained on a purified low-fat diet (LFD) for 1 and 40 weeks. The approach included quantitation of anthropometric, plasma and liver markers of disease, plus hepatic histology, lipids, oxylipins, gene expression and selected metabolites. RESULTS One week of feeding the WD caused a significant reduction in hepatic essential fatty acids (EFAs: 18:2, ω6, 18:3, ω3) which preceded the decline in many C20-22 ω3 and ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and PUFA-derived oxylipins after 4 weeks on the WD. In addition, expression of hepatic inflammation markers (CD40, CD44, Mcp1, Nlrp3, TLR2, TLR4, Trem2) increased significantly in both female & male mice after one week on the WD. These markers continued to increase over the 40-week WD feeding study. WD effects on hepatic EFA and inflammation preceded all significant WD-induced changes in body weight, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), oxidative stress status (GSH/GSSG ratio) and histological and gene expression markers of macrosteatosis, extracellular matrix remodeling and fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings establish that feeding Ldlr-/- mice the WD rapidly lowered hepatic EFAs and induced key inflammatory markers linked to NASH. Since EFAs have an established role in inflammation and hepatic inflammation plays a major role in NASH, we suggest that early clinical assessment of EFA status and correcting EFA deficiencies may be useful in reducing NASH severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda H. Spooner
- Nutrition Program, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Manuel Garcia-Jaramillo
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis OR, United States of America
| | - K. Denise Apperson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Christiane V. Löhr
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Donald B. Jump
- Nutrition Program, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
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Li R, Li M, Bidulescu A, Fly AD, Luo J. Diets with Higher Anti-inflammatory Potential Associated with Lower Risk of Development of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Early-Stage of Fibrosis Among US Adults. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:4009-4021. [PMID: 37535123 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-08059-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited evidence of how dietary inflammatory potential influences nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression. AIMS Our study aims to evaluate the association of dietary inflammatory index (DII) with liver fibrosis, a hallmark feature of NAFLD, among US adults. METHODS Cross-sectional data consisting of 5,506 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2011 to 2018 were used. Energy adjusted-DII (E-DII) scores were calculated using 2 days of 24-h dietary recall data. We used a partial proportional odds model to determine risk at each stage of fibrosis according to the E-DII score. RESULTS The weighted prevalence of NAFLD (assessed by US fatty liver index) was 34.5%, with 23.2% (assessed by NAFLD Fibrosis Score) having mild fibrosis, 10.4% intermediate fibrosis, and 0.9% advanced fibrosis. When comparing the most pro-inflammatory diets to the most anti-inflammatory diets (AIDs) in the multivariable model, the marginal probability effect (MPE) of NAFLD, mild fibrosis and intermediate fibrosis increased by 11.7% (95% CI 6.6%, 16.9%), 7.0% (95% CI 3.5%, 10.4%) and 4.0% (95% CI 0.3%, 7.5%), respectively. The MPE of advanced fibrosis was not significant (MPE = 0.7%; 95% CI - 1.1%, 2.8%). Similar associations were observed when applying Fibrosis-4 and transient elastography as fibrosis diagnostic measurements. CONCLUSIONS An AID was associated with lower risk of development of NAFLD and early-stage of fibrosis among US adults. But the associations became attenuated and dissipated as the fibrogenesis became severe. Further studies are needed to re-confirm our observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, 1025 E. 7th St., Bloomington, IN, USA.
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, 1025 E. 7th St., Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Aurelian Bidulescu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, 1025 E. 7th St., Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Alyce D Fly
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, College of Health, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
| | - Juhua Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, 1025 E. 7th St., Bloomington, IN, USA
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Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic fatty liver disease worldwide, particularly in obese and type 2 diabetic individuals. Currently, there are no therapies for NAFLD that have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Herein, we examine the rationale for using ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in NAFLD therapy. This focus is based on the finding that NAFLD severity is associated with a reduction of hepatic C20-22 ω3 PUFAs. Because C20-22 ω3 PUFAs are pleiotropic regulators of cell function, loss of C20-22 ω3 PUFAs has the potential to significantly impact hepatic function. We describe NAFLD prevalence and pathophysiology as well as current NAFLD therapies. We also present evidence from clinical and preclinical studies that evaluated the capacity of C20-22 ω3 PUFAs to treat NAFLD. Given the clinical and preclinical evidence, dietary C20-22 ω3 PUFA supplementation has the potential to decrease human NAFLD severity by reducing hepatosteatosis and liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda H Spooner
- Molecular Nutrition and Diabetes Research Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA;
| | - Donald B Jump
- Molecular Nutrition and Diabetes Research Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA;
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5
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Padiadpu J, Spooner MH, Li Z, Newman N, Löhr CV, Apperson KD, Dzutsev A, Trinchieri G, Shulzhenko N, Morgun A, Jump DB. Early transcriptome changes associated with western diet induced NASH in Ldlr-/- mice points to activation of hepatic macrophages and an acute phase response. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1147602. [PMID: 37609485 PMCID: PMC10440380 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1147602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global health problem. Identifying early gene indicators contributing to the onset and progression of NAFLD has the potential to develop novel targets for early therapeutic intervention. We report on the early and late transcriptomic signatures of western diet (WD)-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in female and male Ldlr-/- mice, with time-points at 1 week and 40 weeks on the WD. Control Ldlr-/- mice were maintained on a low-fat diet (LFD) for 1 and 40 weeks. Methods The approach included quantitation of anthropometric and hepatic histology markers of disease as well as the hepatic transcriptome. Results Only mice fed the WD for 40 weeks revealed evidence of NASH, i.e., hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. RNASeq transcriptome analysis, however, revealed multiple cell-specific changes in gene expression after 1 week that persisted to 40 weeks on the WD. These early markers of disease include induction of acute phase response (Saa1-2, Orm2), fibrosis (Col1A1, Col1A2, TGFβ) and NASH associated macrophage (NAM, i.e., Trem2 high, Mmp12 low). We also noted the induction of transcripts associated with metabolic syndrome, including Mmp12, Trem2, Gpnmb, Lgals3 and Lpl. Finally, 1 week of WD feeding was sufficient to significantly induce TNFα, a cytokine involved in both hepatic and systemic inflammation. Conclusion This study revealed early onset changes in the hepatic transcriptome that develop well before any anthropometric or histological evidence of NALFD or NASH and pointed to cell-specific targeting for the prevention of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyothi Padiadpu
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Melinda H. Spooner
- Nutrition Program, Colleges of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Zhipeng Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Nolan Newman
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Christiane V. Löhr
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - K. Denise Apperson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Amiran Dzutsev
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NCI-NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Giorgio Trinchieri
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NCI-NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Natalia Shulzhenko
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Andrey Morgun
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Donald B. Jump
- Nutrition Program, Colleges of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
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Ldlr-Deficient Mice with an Atherosclerosis-Resistant Background Develop Severe Hyperglycemia and Type 2 Diabetes on a Western-Type Diet. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061429. [PMID: 35740449 PMCID: PMC9220196 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoe-/- and Ldlr-/- mice are two animal models extensively used for atherosclerosis research. We previously reported that Apoe-/- mice on certain genetic backgrounds, including C3H/HeJ (C3H), develop type 2 diabetes when fed a Western diet. We sought to characterize diabetes-related traits in C3H-Ldlr-/- mice through comparing with C3H-Apoe-/- mice. On a chow diet, Ldlr-/- mice had lower plasma total and non-HDL cholesterol levels but higher HDL levels than Apoe-/- mice. Fasting plasma glucose was much lower in Ldlr-/- than Apoe-/- mice (male: 122.5 ± 5.9 vs. 229.4 ± 17.5 mg/dL; female: 144.1 ± 12.4 vs. 232.7 ± 6.4 mg/dL). When fed a Western diet, Ldlr-/- and Apoe-/- mice developed severe hypercholesterolemia and also hyperglycemia with fasting plasma glucose levels exceeding 250 mg/dL. Both knockouts had similar non-HDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and their fasting glucose levels were also similar. Male Ldlr-/- mice exhibited greater glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity compared to their Apoe-/- counterpart. Female mice showed similar glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity though Ldlr-/- mice had higher non-fasting glucose levels. Male Ldlr-/- and Apoe-/- mice developed moderate obesity on the Western diet, but female mice did not. These results indicate that the Western diet and ensuing hyperlipidemia lead to the development of type 2 diabetes, irrespective of underlying genetic causes.
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Gosis BS, Wada S, Thorsheim C, Li K, Jung S, Rhoades JH, Yang Y, Brandimarto J, Li L, Uehara K, Jang C, Lanza M, Sanford NB, Bornstein MR, Jeong S, Titchenell PM, Biddinger SB, Arany Z. Inhibition of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice by selective inhibition of mTORC1. Science 2022; 376:eabf8271. [PMID: 35420934 PMCID: PMC9811404 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf8271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remain without effective therapies. The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway is a potential therapeutic target, but conflicting interpretations have been proposed for how mTORC1 controls lipid homeostasis. We show that selective inhibition of mTORC1 signaling in mice, through deletion of the RagC/D guanosine triphosphatase-activating protein folliculin (FLCN), promotes activation of transcription factor E3 (TFE3) in the liver without affecting other mTORC1 targets and protects against NAFLD and NASH. Disease protection is mediated by TFE3, which both induces lipid consumption and suppresses anabolic lipogenesis. TFE3 inhibits lipogenesis by suppressing proteolytic processing and activation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and by interacting with SREBP-1c on chromatin. Our data reconcile previously conflicting studies and identify selective inhibition of mTORC1 as a potential approach to treat NASH and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget S Gosis
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shogo Wada
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chelsea Thorsheim
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kristina Li
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sunhee Jung
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Joshua H Rhoades
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yifan Yang
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Brandimarto
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Li Li
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kahealani Uehara
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Lanza
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nathan B Sanford
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marc R Bornstein
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sunhye Jeong
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul M Titchenell
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sudha B Biddinger
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zoltan Arany
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Li H, Liu NN, Li JR, Dong B, Wang MX, Tan JL, Wang XK, Jiang J, Lei L, Li HY, Sun H, Jiang JD, Peng ZG. Combined Use of Bicyclol and Berberine Alleviates Mouse Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:843872. [PMID: 35250593 PMCID: PMC8889073 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.843872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is a liver disease worldwide without approved therapeutic drugs. Anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective drug bicyclol and multi-pharmacological active drug berberine, respectively, have shown beneficial effects on NAFLD in murine nutritional models and patients, though the therapeutic mechanisms remain to be illustrated. Here, we investigated the combined effects of bicyclol and berberine on mouse steatosis induced by Western diet (WD), and NASH induced by WD/CCl4. The combined use of these was rather safe and better reduced the levels of transaminase in serum and triglycerides and cholesterol in the liver than their respective monotherapy, accompanied with more significantly attenuating hepatic inflammation, steatosis, and ballooning in mice with steatosis and NASH. The combined therapy also significantly inhibited fibrogenesis, characterized by the decreased hepatic collagen deposition and fibrotic surface. As per mechanism, bicyclol enhanced lipolysis and β-oxidation through restoring the p62-Nrf2-CES2 signaling axis and p62-Nrf2-PPARα signaling axis, respectively, while berberine suppressed de novo lipogenesis through downregulating the expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase, along with enrichment of lipid metabolism-related Bacteroidaceae (family) and Bacteroides (genus). Of note, the combined use of bicyclol and berberine did not influence each other but enhanced the overall therapeutic role in the amelioration of NAFLD. Conclusion: Combined use of bicyclol and berberine might be a new available strategy to treat NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nan-Nan Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Rui Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Dong
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mei-Xi Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Li Tan
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Kai Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Ying Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Han Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zong-Gen Peng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, The National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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9
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Farooq M, Hameed H, Dimanche-Boitrel MT, Piquet-Pellorce C, Samson M, Le Seyec J. Switching to Regular Diet Partially Resolves Liver Fibrosis Induced by High-Fat, High-Cholesterol Diet in Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020386. [PMID: 35057565 PMCID: PMC8778944 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The globally prevalent disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is characterized by a steatotic and inflammatory liver. In NASH patients, tissue repair mechanisms, activated by the presence of chronic liver damage, lead to the progressive onset of hepatic fibrosis. This scar symptom is a key prognostic risk factor for liver-related morbidity and mortality. Conflicting reports discuss the efficiency of dietary interventions on the reversibility of advanced fibrosis established during NASH. In the present study, the effect of dietary interventions was investigated in the outcome of the fibrosis settled in livers of C57BL/6J mice on a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet (HFHCD) for 5 or 12 consecutive weeks. Various clinico-pathological investigations, including a histological analysis of the liver, measurement of plasma transaminases, steatosis and fibrosis, were performed. To assess the effectiveness of the dietary intervention on established symptoms, diseased mice were returned to a standard diet (SD) for 4 or 12 weeks. This food management resulted in a drastic reduction in steatosis, liver injuries, inflammatory markers, hepatomegaly and oxidative stress and a gradual improvement in the fibrotic state of the liver tissue. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that dietary intervention can partially reverse liver fibrosis induced by HFHCD feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farooq
- Inserm, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.F.); (H.H.); (M.-T.D.-B.); (C.P.-P.); (J.L.S.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang 35200, Pakistan
| | - Huma Hameed
- Inserm, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.F.); (H.H.); (M.-T.D.-B.); (C.P.-P.); (J.L.S.)
| | - Marie-Thérèse Dimanche-Boitrel
- Inserm, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.F.); (H.H.); (M.-T.D.-B.); (C.P.-P.); (J.L.S.)
| | - Claire Piquet-Pellorce
- Inserm, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.F.); (H.H.); (M.-T.D.-B.); (C.P.-P.); (J.L.S.)
| | - Michel Samson
- Inserm, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.F.); (H.H.); (M.-T.D.-B.); (C.P.-P.); (J.L.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-2-23-23-69-11
| | - Jacques Le Seyec
- Inserm, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.F.); (H.H.); (M.-T.D.-B.); (C.P.-P.); (J.L.S.)
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10
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Monirujjaman M, Pant A, Nelson R, Bathe O, Jacobs R, Mazurak VC. Alterations in hepatic fatty acids reveal depletion of total polyunsaturated fatty acids following irinotecan plus 5-fluorouracil treatment in an animal model of colorectal cancer. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 174:102359. [PMID: 34740033 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fatty liver is a side effect of chemotherapy that limits the ability to treat colorectal cancer (CRC) patients in the most effective way. The aim of this study was to determine hepatic fatty acid composition and expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism at two time points following sequential chemotherapy treatment with Irinotecan (CPT-11)+5-fluorouracil (5-FU), agents commonly used to treat human colorectal cancer. Female Fischer 344 rats were provided a semi-purified AIN-76 basal diet with modified fat component. One cycle of chemotherapy consisted of CPT-11+5-FU and was initiated 2 weeks after tumor implantation (D0); a second cycle was given one week later. Two days after each cycle (Day 2 and Day 9), animals were euthanized, and livers collected. Triacylglycerol (TAG) and phospholipid (PL) fractions were isolated using thin layer chromatography and fatty acids (FAs) were quantified using gas chromatography. Expression of 44 lipid metabolism genes were analyzed by qPCR. Total liver TAG level was lowest after the second cycle D0 and D2 (P = 0.05) characterized by lower content of n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). N-6 PUFAs significantly declined with subsequent treatments. Of 44 genes analyzed, 13 genes were altered with CPT-11+5-FU treatment. Expression of genes VLCAD and DGAT1, involved in fatty acid oxidation as well as DGAT1 in TAG synthesis, were significantly elevated after each cycle, whereas expression of genes ELOVL2 and FADS2, involved in fatty acid elongation and desaturation were significantly lower at D9 compared to D2 and D0 (P < 0.03). Hepatic total TAG PUFA was depleted, and genes involved in pathways of PUFA synthesis were down-regulated by chemotherapy treatment. This observation suggests impediments in lipid metabolism in the liver that could potentially impact peripheral availability of essential fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Monirujjaman
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, 4-126 Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Asha Pant
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, 4-126 Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Randy Nelson
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, 4-126 Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Oliver Bathe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Rene Jacobs
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, 4-126 Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Vera C Mazurak
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, 4-126 Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada; Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Canada.
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11
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Zhu B, Chan SL, Li J, Li K, Wu H, Cui K, Chen H. Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:742382. [PMID: 34557535 PMCID: PMC8452937 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.742382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a rise in the prevalence of non-alcohol fatty liver disease (NAFLD) due to the popularity of western diets and sedentary lifestyles. One quarter of NAFLD patients is diagnosed with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), with histological evidence not only of fat accumulation in hepatocytes but also of liver cell injury and death due to long-term inflammation. Severe NASH patients have increased risks of cirrhosis and liver cancer. In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis and current methods of diagnosis for NASH, and current status of drug development for this life-threatening liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Siu-Lung Chan
- Department of Surgery, Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jack Li
- Department of Surgery, Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kathryn Li
- Department of Surgery, Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Surgery, Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kui Cui
- Department of Surgery, Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Surgery, Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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12
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Xie Y, Newberry EP, Brunt EM, Ballentine SJ, Soleymanjahi S, Molitor EA, Davidson NO. Inhibition of chylomicron assembly leads to dissociation of hepatic steatosis from inflammation and fibrosis. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100123. [PMID: 34563519 PMCID: PMC8515302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulating dietary fat absorption may impact progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here, we asked if inducible inhibition of chylomicron assembly, as observed in intestine-specific microsomal triglyceride (TG) transfer protein knockout mice (Mttp-IKO), could retard NAFLD progression and/or reverse established fibrosis in two dietary models. Mttp-IKO mice fed a methionine/choline-deficient (MCD) diet exhibited reduced hepatic TGs, inflammation, and fibrosis, associated with reduced oxidative stress and downstream activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathways. However, when Mttpflox mice were fed an MCD for 5 weeks and then administered tamoxifen to induce Mttp-IKO, hepatic TG was reduced, but inflammation and fibrosis were increased after 10 days of reversal along with adaptive changes in hepatic lipogenic mRNAs. Extending the reversal time, following 5 weeks of MCD feeding to 30 days led to sustained reductions in hepatic TG, but neither inflammation nor fibrosis was decreased, and both intestinal permeability and hepatic lipogenesis were increased. In a second model, similar reductions in hepatic TG were observed when mice were fed a high-fat/high-fructose/high-cholesterol (HFFC) diet for 10 weeks, then switched to chow ± tamoxifen (HFFC → chow) or (HFFC → Mttp-IKO chow), but again neither inflammation nor fibrosis was affected. In conclusion, we found that blocking chylomicron assembly attenuates MCD-induced NAFLD progression by reducing steatosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. In contrast, blocking chylomicron assembly in the setting of established hepatic steatosis and fibrosis caused increased intestinal permeability and compensatory shifts in hepatic lipogenesis that mitigate resolution of inflammation and fibrogenic signaling despite 50–90-fold reductions in hepatic TG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xie
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Newberry
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Brunt
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Samuel J Ballentine
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Saeed Soleymanjahi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Molitor
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nicholas O Davidson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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13
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Zhang Y, Bobe G, Miranda CL, Lowry MB, Hsu VL, Lohr CV, Wong CP, Jump DB, Robinson MM, Sharpton TJ, Maier CS, Stevens JF, Gombart AF. Tetrahydroxanthohumol, a xanthohumol derivative, attenuates high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis by antagonizing PPARγ. eLife 2021; 10:e66398. [PMID: 34128467 PMCID: PMC8205491 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported xanthohumol (XN), and its synthetic derivative tetrahydro-XN (TXN), attenuates high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome in C57Bl/6J mice. The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of XN and TXN on lipid accumulation in the liver. Non-supplemented mice were unable to adapt their caloric intake to 60% HFD, resulting in obesity and hepatic steatosis; however, TXN reduced weight gain and decreased hepatic steatosis. Liver transcriptomics indicated that TXN might antagonize lipogenic PPARγ actions in vivo. XN and TXN inhibited rosiglitazone-induced 3T3-L1 cell differentiation concomitant with decreased expression of lipogenesis-related genes. A peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) competitive binding assay showed that XN and TXN bind to PPARγ with an IC50 similar to pioglitazone and 8-10 times stronger than oleate. Molecular docking simulations demonstrated that XN and TXN bind in the PPARγ ligand-binding domain pocket. Our findings are consistent with XN and TXN acting as antagonists of PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Nutrition Program, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Department of Animal Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Cristobal L Miranda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Malcolm B Lowry
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Victor L Hsu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Christiane V Lohr
- Department of Biomedical Science, Carlson College of Veterinary MedicineCorvallisUnited States
| | - Carmen P Wong
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Nutrition Program, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Donald B Jump
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Nutrition Program, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Matthew M Robinson
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Kinesiology Program, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Thomas J Sharpton
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Statistics, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Claudia S Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Jan F Stevens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Adrian F Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
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Extra virgin olive oil improved body weight and insulin sensitivity in high fat diet-induced obese LDLr-/-.Leiden mice without attenuation of steatohepatitis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8250. [PMID: 33859314 PMCID: PMC8050103 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87761-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary fatty acids play a role in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is associated with insulin resistance (IR). Fatty acid composition is critical for IR and subsequent NAFLD development. Extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) is the main source of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in Mediterranean diets. This study examined whether EVOO-containing high fat diets may prevent diet-induced NAFLD using Ldlr−/−. Leiden mice. In female Ldlr−/−.Leiden mice, the effects of the following high fat diets (HFDs) were examined: a lard-based HFD (HFD-L); an EVOO-based HFD (HFD-EVOO); a phenolic compounds-rich EVOO HFD (HFD-OL). We studied changes in body weight (BW), lipid profile, transaminases, glucose homeostasis, liver pathology and transcriptome. Both EVOO diets reduced body weight (BW) and improved insulin sensitivity. The EVOOs did not improve transaminase values and increased LDL-cholesterol and liver collagen content. EVOOs and HFD-L groups had comparable liver steatosis. The profibrotic effects were substantiated by an up-regulation of gene transcripts related to glutathione metabolism, chemokine signaling and NF-kappa-B activation and down-regulation of genes relevant for fatty acid metabolism. Collectivelly, EVOO intake improved weight gain and insulin sensitivity but not liver inflammation and fibrosis, which was supported by changes in hepatic genes expression.
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15
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Holzhütter HG, Berndt N. Computational Hypothesis: How Intra-Hepatic Functional Heterogeneity May Influence the Cascading Progression of Free Fatty Acid-Induced Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Cells 2021; 10:cells10030578. [PMID: 33808045 PMCID: PMC7999144 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is the most common type of chronic liver disease in developed nations, affecting around 25% of the population. Elucidating the factors causing NAFLD in individual patients to progress in different rates and to different degrees of severity, is a matter of active medical research. Here, we aim to provide evidence that the intra-hepatic heterogeneity of rheological, metabolic and tissue-regenerating capacities plays a central role in disease progression. We developed a generic mathematical model that constitutes the liver as ensemble of small liver units differing in their capacities to metabolize potentially cytotoxic free fatty acids (FFAs) and to repair FFA-induced cell damage. Transition from simple steatosis to more severe forms of NAFLD is described as self-amplifying process of cascading liver failure, which, to stop, depends essentially on the distribution of functional capacities across the liver. Model simulations provided the following insights: (1) A persistently high plasma level of FFAs is sufficient to drive the liver through different stages of NAFLD; (2) Presence of NAFLD amplifies the deleterious impact of additional tissue-damaging hits; and (3) Coexistence of non-steatotic and highly steatotic regions is indicative for the later occurrence of severe NAFLD stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann-Georg Holzhütter
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Nikolaus Berndt
- Institute for Imaging Science and Computational Modelling in Cardiovascular Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
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16
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El-Boghdady NA, Kamel MA, El-Shamy RM. Omeprazole and Spirulina Platensis Ameliorate Steatohepatitis in Experimental Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2020; 18:426-434. [DOI: 10.1089/met.2019.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Noha A. El-Boghdady
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maher A. Kamel
- Biochemistry Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rouaina M. El-Shamy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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17
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Clusterin overexpression protects against western diet-induced obesity and NAFLD. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17484. [PMID: 33060605 PMCID: PMC7562726 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73927-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a significant risk factor for various metabolic diseases and is closely related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) characterized by inflammation and oxidative stress. Clusterin is a multi-functional protein that is up-regulated in the pathogenesis of various metabolic diseases, including obesity and NAFLD. Our previous studies indicated that hepatocyte-specific overexpression of clusterin alleviates methionine choline-deficient (MCD) diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) by activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Here we generated transgenic mice with whole-body clusterin overexpression (wCLU-tg) and investigated the role of clusterin in Western diet-induced obesity and NAFLD. We confirmed that obesity parameters and the spectrum of NAFLD of wCLU-tg mice were improved compared to wild type mice. Contrarily, clusterin deficiency deteriorated metabolic disruptions. We also found that clusterin activates target molecules for obesity and NAFLD, namely Nrf2 and AMPK, suggesting that clusterin protects against Western diet-induced obesity and NAFLD by activating Nrf2 and AMPK.
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18
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Pakiet A, Jakubiak A, Mierzejewska P, Zwara A, Liakh I, Sledzinski T, Mika A. The Effect of a High-Fat Diet on the Fatty Acid Composition in the Hearts of Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030824. [PMID: 32245049 PMCID: PMC7146498 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Western diet can lead to alterations in cardiac function and increase cardiovascular risk, which can be reproduced in animal models by implementing a high-fat diet (HFD). However, the mechanism of these alterations is not fully understood and may be dependent on alterations in heart lipid composition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an HFD on the fatty acid (FA) composition of total lipids, as well as of various lipid fractions in the heart, and on heart function. C57BL/6 mice were fed an HFD or standard laboratory diet. The FA composition of chow, serum, heart and skeletal muscle tissues was measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Cardiac function was evaluated by ultrasonography. Our results showed an unexpected increase in polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) and a significant decrease in monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) in the heart tissue of mice fed the HFD. For comparison, no such effects were observed in skeletal muscle or serum samples. Furthermore, we found that the largest increase in PUFAs was in the sphingolipid fraction, whereas the largest decrease in MUFAs was in the phospholipid and sphingomyelin fractions. The hearts of mice fed an HFD had an increased content of triacylglycerols. Moreover, the HFD treatment altered aortic flow pattern. We did not find significant changes in heart mass or oxidative stress markers between mice fed the HFD and standard diet. The above results suggest that alterations in FA composition in the heart may contribute to deterioration of heart function. A possible mechanism of this phenomenon is the alteration of sphingolipids and phospholipids in the fatty acid profile, which may change the physical properties of these lipids. Since phospho- and sphingolipids are the major components of cell membranes, alterations in their structures in heart cells can result in changes in cell membrane properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Pakiet
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (A.P.); (A.Z.)
| | - Agnieszka Jakubiak
- Tri-City Academic Laboratory Animal Centre - Research & Services Centre, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Paulina Mierzejewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Agata Zwara
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (A.P.); (A.Z.)
| | - Ivan Liakh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.L.); (T.S.)
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.L.); (T.S.)
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (A.P.); (A.Z.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.L.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-585-230-810
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Breuer DA, Pacheco MC, Washington MK, Montgomery SA, Hasty AH, Kennedy AJ. CD8 + T cells regulate liver injury in obesity-related nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 318:G211-G224. [PMID: 31709830 PMCID: PMC7052570 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00040.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has increased in Western countries due to the prevalence of obesity. Current interests are aimed at identifying the type and function of immune cells that infiltrate the liver and key factors responsible for mediating their recruitment and activation in NASH. We investigated the function and phenotype of CD8+ T cells under obese and nonobese NASH conditions. We found an elevation in CD8 staining in livers from obese human subjects with NASH and cirrhosis that positively correlated with α-smooth muscle actin, a marker of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. CD8+ T cells were elevated 3.5-fold in the livers of obese and hyperlipidemic NASH mice compared with obese hepatic steatosis mice. Isolated hepatic CD8+ T cells from these mice expressed a cytotoxic IL-10-expressing phenotype, and depletion of CD8+ T cells led to significant reductions in hepatic inflammation, HSC activation, and macrophage accumulation. Furthermore, hepatic CD8+ T cells from obese and hyperlipidemic NASH mice activated HSCs in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, in the lean NASH mouse model, depletion and knockdown of CD8+ T cells did not impact liver inflammation or HSC activation. We demonstrated that under obese/hyperlipidemia conditions, CD8+ T cell are key regulators of the progression of NASH, while under nonobese conditions they play a minimal role in driving the disease. Thus, therapies targeting CD8+ T cells may be a novel approach for treatment of obesity-associated NASH.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study demonstrates that CD8+ T cells are the primary hepatic T cell population, are elevated in obese models of NASH, and directly activate hepatic stellate cells. In contrast, we find CD8+ T cells from lean NASH models do not regulate NASH-associated inflammation or stellate cell activation. Thus, for the first time to our knowledge, we demonstrate that hepatic CD8+ T cells are key players in obesity-associated NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denitra A. Breuer
- 1Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Maria Cristina Pacheco
- 2Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - M. Kay Washington
- 2Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Stephanie A. Montgomery
- 4Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Lineberger Cancer Center, University North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Alyssa H. Hasty
- 3Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Arion J. Kennedy
- 1Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
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20
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García-Jaramillo M, Lytle KA, Spooner MH, Jump DB. A Lipidomic Analysis of Docosahexaenoic Acid (22:6, ω3) Mediated Attenuation of Western Diet Induced Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Male Ldlr -/- Mice. Metabolites 2019; 9:E252. [PMID: 31661783 PMCID: PMC6918288 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9110252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major public health problem worldwide. NAFLD ranges in severity from benign steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and primary hepatocellular cancer (HCC). Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are strongly associated with NAFLD, and the western diet (WD) is a major contributor to the onset and progression of these chronic diseases. Our aim was to use a lipidomic approach to identify potential lipid mediators of diet-induced NASH. We previously used a preclinical mouse (low density lipoprotein receptor null mouse, Ldlr -/-) model to assess transcriptomic mechanisms linked to WD-induced NASH and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6, ω3)-mediated remission of NASH. This report used livers from the previous study to carry out ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with dynamic multi-reaction monitoring (HPLC-dMRM) to assess the impact of the WD and DHA on hepatic membrane lipid and oxylipin composition, respectively. Feeding mice the WD increased hepatic saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4, ω6) in membrane lipids and suppressed ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in membrane lipids and ω3 PUFA-derived anti-inflammatory oxylipins. Supplementing the WD with DHA lowered hepatic ARA in membrane lipids and ARA-derived oxylipins and significantly increased hepatic DHA and its metabolites in membrane lipids, as well as C20-22 ω3 PUFA-derived oxylipins. NASH markers of inflammation and fibrosis were inversely associated with hepatic C20-22 ω3 PUFA-derived Cyp2C- and Cyp2J-generated anti-inflammatory oxylipins (false discovery rate adjusted p-value; q ≤ 0.026). Our findings suggest that dietary DHA promoted partial remission of WD-induced NASH, at least in part, by lowering hepatic pro-inflammatory oxylipins derived from ARA and increasing hepatic anti-inflammatory oxylipins derived from C20-22 ω3 PUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel García-Jaramillo
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
- The Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Kelli A Lytle
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
- The Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Melinda H Spooner
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
- The Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Donald B Jump
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
- The Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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Garcia-Jaramillo M, Spooner MH, Löhr CV, Wong CP, Zhang W, Jump DB. Lipidomic and transcriptomic analysis of western diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in female Ldlr -/- mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214387. [PMID: 30943218 PMCID: PMC6447358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, particularly in obese and type 2 diabetic individuals. NAFLD ranges in severity from benign steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH); and NASH can progress to cirrhosis, primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver failure. As such, NAFLD has emerged as a major public health concern. Herein, we used a lipidomic and transcriptomic approach to identify lipid markers associated with western diet (WD) induced NASH in female mice. METHODS Female mice (low-density lipoprotein receptor null (Ldlr -/-) were fed a reference or WD diet for 38 and 46 weeks. Transcriptomic and lipidomic approaches, coupled with statistical analyses, were used to identify associations between major NASH markers and transcriptomic & lipidomic markers. RESULTS The WD induced all major hallmarks of NASH in female Ldlr -/- mice, including steatosis (SFA, MUFA, MUFA-containing di- and triacylglycerols), inflammation (TNFα), oxidative stress (Ncf2), and fibrosis (Col1A). The WD also increased transcripts associated with membrane remodeling (LpCat), apoptosis & autophagy (Casp1, CtsS), hedgehog (Taz) & notch signaling (Hey1), epithelial-mesenchymal transition (S1004A) and cancer (Gpc3). WD feeding, however, suppressed the expression of the hedgehog inhibitory protein (Hhip), and enzymes involved in triglyceride catabolism (Tgh/Ces3, Ces1g), as well as the hepatic abundance of C18-22 PUFA-containing phosphoglycerolipids (GpCho, GpEtn, GpSer, GpIns). WD feeding also increased hepatic cyclooxygenase (Cox1 & 2) expression and pro-inflammatory ω6 PUFA-derived oxylipins (PGE2), as well as lipid markers of oxidative stress (8-iso-PGF2α). The WD suppressed the hepatic abundance of reparative oxylipins (19, 20-DiHDPA) as well as the expression of enzymes involved in fatty epoxide metabolism (Cyp2C, Ephx). CONCLUSION WD-induced NASH in female Ldlr -/- mice was characterized by a massive increase in hepatic neutral and membrane lipids containing SFA and MUFA and a loss of C18-22 PUFA-containing membrane lipids. Moreover, the WD increased hepatic pro-inflammatory oxylipins and suppressed the hepatic abundance of reparative oxylipins. Such global changes in the type and abundance of hepatic lipids likely contributes to tissue remodeling and NASH severity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/complications
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diet, Western/adverse effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated/metabolism
- Fatty Acids, Omega-3/genetics
- Female
- Fibrosis/complications
- Fibrosis/genetics
- Fibrosis/metabolism
- Humans
- Lipid Metabolism/genetics
- Lipidomics
- Liver Neoplasms/complications
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/complications
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/genetics
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/metabolism
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/pathology
- Obesity/complications
- Obesity/genetics
- Obesity/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress/genetics
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Transcriptome/genetics
- Triglycerides/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Garcia-Jaramillo
- The Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- The Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Melinda H. Spooner
- The Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- The Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Christiane V. Löhr
- Anatomic Pathology, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Carmen P. Wong
- The Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- The Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Weijian Zhang
- The Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Donald B. Jump
- The Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- The Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
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22
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Rowles JL, Han A, Miller RJ, Kelly JR, Applegate CC, Wallig MA, O'Brien WD, Erdman JW. Low fat but not soy protein isolate was an effective intervention to reduce nonalcoholic fatty liver disease progression in C57BL/6J mice: monitored by a novel quantitative ultrasound (QUS) method. Nutr Res 2019; 63:95-105. [PMID: 30824402 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Untreated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) lead to irreversible liver damage. We hypothesized that a low-fat diet (LFD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) with soy protein isolate (SPI) would be an effective intervention to halt or reverse NAFLD progression. To test these hypotheses, we conducted 2 studies. In the first study, we fed an HFD to 7-week-old C57BL/6J mice to induce NAFLD compared to an LFD (control). Hepatic steatosis was monitored by quantitative ultrasound (QUS) scans (in vivo and ex vivo). Animals were euthanized after 0, 2, 4, and 6 weeks of feeding. In the second study, 7-week-old mice were randomized onto an LFD or HFD with SPI intervention after 4 weeks of feeding HFD. Animals from each group were scanned with QUS and euthanized after 4, 9, and 12 weeks of feeding. Animals fed the HFD developed NAFLD (100%) and NASH (80%) characterized by increased liver weight, lipid accumulation, and histological scores for inflammation by 4 weeks in the first study. In the second study, the LFD ameliorated this NAFLD phenotype after 5 weeks of feeding; however, the SPI intervention failed to significantly attenuate NAFLD. QUS parameters were significantly increased with the HFDs (P < .05) and steatosis grade (P < .05) and were positively correlated with hepatic lipid concentrations. In conclusion, dietary modification may be effective at reversing NAFLD and NASH at early stages. Furthermore, QUS may become a valuable tool to track hepatic steatosis. Additional studies are needed to further evaluate the effectiveness of these interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe L Rowles
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Aiguo Han
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Rita J Miller
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Jamie R Kelly
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | | | - Matthew A Wallig
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - William D O'Brien
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - John W Erdman
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
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23
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Friedman JE, Dobrinskikh E, Alfonso‐Garcia A, Fast A, Janssen RC, Soderborg TK, Anderson AL, Reisz JA, D'Alessandro A, Frank DN, Robertson CE, de la Houssaye BA, Johnson LK, Orlicky DJ, Wang XX, Levi M, Potma EO, El Kasmi KC, Jonscher KR. Pyrroloquinoline quinone prevents developmental programming of microbial dysbiosis and macrophage polarization to attenuate liver fibrosis in offspring of obese mice. Hepatol Commun 2018; 2:313-328. [PMID: 29507905 PMCID: PMC5831029 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasingly, evidence suggests that exposure to maternal obesity creates an inflammatory environment in utero, exerting long-lasting postnatal signatures on the juvenile innate immune system and microbiome that may predispose offspring to development of fatty liver disease. We found that exposure to a maternal Western-style diet (WD) accelerated fibrogenesis in the liver of offspring and was associated with early recruitment of proinflammatory macrophages at 8-12 weeks and microbial dysbiosis as early as 3 weeks of age. We further demonstrated that bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were polarized toward an inflammatory state at 8 weeks of age and that a potent antioxidant, pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), reversed BMDM metabolic reprogramming from glycolytic toward oxidative metabolism by restoring trichloroacetic acid cycle function at isocitrate dehydrogenase. This resulted in reduced inflammation and inhibited collagen fibril formation in the liver at 20 weeks of age, even when PQQ was withdrawn at 3 weeks of age. Beginning at 3 weeks of age, WD-fed mice developed a decreased abundance of Parabacteroides and Lactobacillus, together with increased Ruminococcus and decreased tight junction gene expression by 20 weeks, whereas microbiota of mice exposed to PQQ retained compositional stability with age, which was associated with improved liver health. Conclusion: Exposure to a maternal WD induces early gut dysbiosis and disrupts intestinal tight junctions, resulting in BMDM polarization and induction of proinflammatory and profibrotic programs in the offspring that persist into adulthood. Disrupted macrophage and microbiota function can be attenuated by short-term maternal treatment with PQQ prior to weaning, suggesting that reshaping the early gut microbiota in combination with reprogramming macrophages during early weaning may alleviate the sustained proinflammatory environment, preventing the rapid progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in offspring of obese mothers. (Hepatology Communications 2018;2:313-328).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evgenia Dobrinskikh
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of MedicineUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO
| | - Alba Alfonso‐Garcia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Beckman Laser InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaIrvine, IrvineCA
| | - Alexander Fast
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Beckman Laser InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaIrvine, IrvineCA
| | | | | | - Aimee L. Anderson
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Digestive Disease Institute and Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoxin X. Wang
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of MedicineUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO
| | - Moshe Levi
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of MedicineUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO
| | - Eric O. Potma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Beckman Laser InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaIrvine, IrvineCA
| | - Karim C. El Kasmi
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Digestive Disease Institute and Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Karen R. Jonscher
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO
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24
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Jump DB, Lytle KA, Depner CM, Tripathy S. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as a treatment strategy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 181:108-125. [PMID: 28723414 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obese and type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients have a high prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is a continuum of chronic liver diseases ranging from benign hepatosteatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and primary hepatocellular cancer (HCC). Because of its strong association with the obesity epidemic, NAFLD is rapidly becoming a major public health concern worldwide. Surprisingly, there are no FDA approved NAFLD therapies; and current therapies focus on the co-morbidities associated with NAFLD, namely, obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. The goal of this review is to provide background on the disease process, discuss human studies and preclinical models that have examined treatment options. We also provide an in-depth rationale for the use of dietary ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω3 PUFA) supplements as a treatment option for NAFLD. This focus is based on recent studies indicating that NASH patients and preclinical mouse models of NASH have low levels of hepatic C20-22 ω3 PUFA. This decline in hepatic PUFA may account for the major phenotypic features associated with NASH, including steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis. Finally, our discussion will address the strengths and limitations of ω3 PUFA supplements use in NAFLD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald B Jump
- Molecular Nutrition and Diabetes Research Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States.
| | - Kelli A Lytle
- Molecular Nutrition and Diabetes Research Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
| | - Christopher M Depner
- Molecular Nutrition and Diabetes Research Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
| | - Sasmita Tripathy
- Molecular Nutrition and Diabetes Research Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
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25
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Kheder R, Hobkirk J, Saeed Z, Janus J, Carroll S, Browning MJ, Stover C. Vitamin D 3 supplementation of a high fat high sugar diet ameliorates prediabetic phenotype in female LDLR -/- and LDLR +/+ mice. Immun Inflamm Dis 2017; 5:151-162. [PMID: 28474500 PMCID: PMC5418139 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fatty liver disease is prevalent in populations with high caloric intake. Nutritherapeutic approaches are being considered, such as supplementary Vitamin D3 , to improve aspects of metabolic syndrome, namely fatty liver disease, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance associated with obesity. METHODS We analyzed female LDLR-/- and LDLR+/+ mice on a 10-week diabetogenic diet for markers of fatty liver disease, metabolic strain, and inflammation. RESULTS The groups on a high fat high sugar diet with supplementary Vitamin D3 , in comparison with the groups on a high fat high sugar diet alone, showed improved transaminase levels, significantly less hypertriglyceridemia and hyperinsulinemia, and histologically, there was less pericentral hepatic steatosis. Levels of non-esterified fatty acids and lipid peroxidation products were significantly lower in the group supplemented with additional Vitamin D3 , as were systemic markers of inflammation (serum endotoxin and IL-6). M2 macrophage phenotype predominated in the group supplemented with additional Vitamin D3 . Beneficial changes were observed as early as five weeks' supplementation with Vitamin D3 and extended to restoration of high fat high sugar diet induced decrease of bone mineral density. CONCLUSION In summary, Vitamin D3 was a significantly beneficial dietary additive to blunt a prediabetic phenotype in diet-induced obesity of female LDLR-/- and LDLR+/+ mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiar Kheder
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- College of Nursing, University of Raparin, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - James Hobkirk
- Department of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Zeayd Saeed
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Nursing, Technical institute of Samawa, Iraq
| | - Justyna Janus
- Preclinical Imaging Facility, Core Biotechnology Services, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Sean Carroll
- Department of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Michael J Browning
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Immunology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK
| | - Cordula Stover
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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26
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dos Santos Carvalho J, Cardoso Guimarães Vasconcelos AC, Herlany Pereira Alves E, dos Santos Carvalho A, da Silva FRP, de Carvalho França LF, de Pádua Rocha Nóbrega Neto A, Di Lenardo D, de Souza LKM, Barbosa ALDR, Medeiros JVR, de Oliveira JS, Vasconcelos DFP. Steatosis caused by experimental periodontitis is reversible after removal of ligature in rats. J Periodontal Res 2017; 52:883-892. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. dos Santos Carvalho
- Laboratory of Histological Analysis and Preparation (LAPHIS); Federal University of Piaui; Parnaiba PI Brazil
| | - A. C. Cardoso Guimarães Vasconcelos
- Laboratory of Histological Analysis and Preparation (LAPHIS); Federal University of Piaui; Parnaiba PI Brazil
- Medicine School; Education Institute of Parnaiba Valley (IESVAP); Parnaiba PI Brazil
| | - E. Herlany Pereira Alves
- Laboratory of Histological Analysis and Preparation (LAPHIS); Federal University of Piaui; Parnaiba PI Brazil
| | - A. dos Santos Carvalho
- Laboratory of Histological Analysis and Preparation (LAPHIS); Federal University of Piaui; Parnaiba PI Brazil
| | - F. R. P. da Silva
- Laboratory of Histological Analysis and Preparation (LAPHIS); Federal University of Piaui; Parnaiba PI Brazil
| | - L. F. de Carvalho França
- Laboratory of Histological Analysis and Preparation (LAPHIS); Federal University of Piaui; Parnaiba PI Brazil
| | | | - D. Di Lenardo
- Laboratory of Histological Analysis and Preparation (LAPHIS); Federal University of Piaui; Parnaiba PI Brazil
| | - L. K. M. de Souza
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology (LAFFEX); Federal University of Piaui; Parnaiba PI Brazil
| | - A. L. dos R. Barbosa
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology (LAFFEX); Federal University of Piaui; Parnaiba PI Brazil
| | - J.-V. R. Medeiros
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology (LAFFEX); Federal University of Piaui; Parnaiba PI Brazil
| | - J. S. de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biology and Biochemistry Plants (BIOqPLANT); Federal University of Piaui; Parnaiba PI Brazil
| | - D. F. P. Vasconcelos
- Laboratory of Histological Analysis and Preparation (LAPHIS); Federal University of Piaui; Parnaiba PI Brazil
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27
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Lytle KA, Wong CP, Jump DB. Docosahexaenoic acid blocks progression of western diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in obese Ldlr-/- mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173376. [PMID: 28422962 PMCID: PMC5396882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major public health concern in western societies. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the progressive form of NAFLD, is characterized by hepatic steatosis, inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis. NASH is a risk factor for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. NASH is predicted to be the leading cause of liver transplants by 2020. Despite this growing public health concern, there remain no Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved NASH treatments. Using Ldlr-/- mice as a preclinical model of western diet (WD)-induced NASH, we previously established that dietary supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6,ω3) attenuated WD-induced NASH in a prevention study. Herein, we evaluated the capacity of DHA supplementation of the WD and a low fat diet to fully reverse NASH in mice with pre-existing disease. Methods Ldlr-/- mice fed the WD for 22 wks developed metabolic syndrome (MetS) and a severe NASH phenotype, including obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, hepatic steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis and low hepatic polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content. These mice were randomized to 5 groups: a baseline group (WDB, sacrificed at 22 wks) and 4 treatments: 1) WD + olive oil (WDO); 2) WD + DHA (WDD); 3) returned to chow + olive oil (WDChO); or 4) returned to chow + DHA (WDChD). The four treatment groups were maintained on their respective diets for 8 wks. An additional group was maintained on standard laboratory chow (Reference Diet, RD) for the 30-wk duration of the study. Results When compared to the WDB group, the WDO group displayed increased hepatic expression of genes linked to inflammation (Opn, Il1rn, Gdf15), hepatic fibrosis (collagen staining, Col1A1, Thbs2, Lox) reflecting disease progression. Mice in the WDD group, in contrast, had increased hepatic C20-22 ω3 PUFA and no evidence of NASH progression. MetS and NASH markers in the WDChO or WDChD groups were significantly attenuated and marginally different from the RD group, reflecting disease remission. Conclusion While these studies establish that DHA supplementation of the WD blocks WD-induced NASH progression, DHA alone does not promote full remission of diet-induced MetS or NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli A. Lytle
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Carmen P. Wong
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Donald B. Jump
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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28
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A wild-type mouse-based model for the regression of inflammation in atherosclerosis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173975. [PMID: 28291840 PMCID: PMC5349694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis can be induced by the injection of a gain-of-function mutant of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9)-encoding adeno-associated viral vector (AAVmPCSK9), avoiding the need for knockout mice models, such as low-density lipoprotein receptor deficient mice. As regression of atherosclerosis is a crucial therapeutic goal, we aimed to establish a regression model based on AAVmPCSK9, which will eliminate the need for germ-line genetic modifications. C57BL6/J mice were injected with AAVmPCSK9 and were fed with Western diet for 16 weeks, followed by reversal of hyperlipidemia by a diet switch to chow and treatment with a microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitor (MTPi). Sixteen weeks following AAVmPCSK9 injection, mice had advanced atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic root. Surprisingly, diet switch to chow alone reversed hyperlipidemia to near normal levels, and the addition of MTPi completely normalized hyperlipidemia. A six week reversal of hyperlipidemia, either by diet switch alone or by diet switch and MTPi treatment, was accompanied by regression of atherosclerosis as defined by a significant decrease of macrophages in the atherosclerotic plaques, compared to baseline. Thus, we have established an atherosclerosis regression model that is independent of the genetic background.
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29
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Verbeek J, Spincemaille P, Vanhorebeek I, Van den Berghe G, Vander Elst I, Windmolders P, van Pelt J, van der Merwe S, Bedossa P, Nevens F, Cammue B, Thevissen K, Cassiman D. Dietary intervention, but not losartan, completely reverses non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in obese and insulin resistant mice. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:46. [PMID: 28231800 PMCID: PMC5324232 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0432-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary intervention is the cornerstone of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) treatment. However, histological evidence of its efficacy is limited and its impact on hepatic pathways involved in NASH is underreported. The efficacy of the angiotensin receptor type 1 blocker losartan is controversial because of varying results in a few animal and human studies. We evaluated the effect of dietary intervention versus losartan on NASH and associated systemic metabolic features in a representative mouse model. Methods Male C57BL/6 J mice with high fat-high sucrose diet (HF-HSD) induced NASH, obesity, insulin resistance and hypercholesterolemia were subjected to dietary intervention (switch from HF-HSD to normal chow diet (NCD)) (n = 9), continuation HF-HSD together with losartan (30 mg/kg/day) (n = 9) or continuation HF-HSD only (n = 9) for 8 weeks. 9 mice received NCD during the entire experiment (20 weeks). We assessed the systemic metabolic effects and performed a detailed hepatic histological and molecular profiling. A P-value of < 0.05, using the group with continuation of HF-HSD only as control, was considered as statistically significant. Results Dietary intervention normalized obesity, insulin resistance, and hypercholesterolemia (for all P < 0.001), and remarkably, completely reversed all histological features of pre-existent NASH (for all P < 0.001), including fibrosis measured by quantification of collagen proportional area (P < 0.01). At the hepatic molecular level, dietary intervention targeted fibrogenesis with a normalization of collagen type I alpha 1, transforming growth factor β1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 mRNA levels (for all P < 0.01), lipid metabolism with a normalization of fatty acid translocase/CD36, fatty acid transport protein 5, fatty acid synthase mRNA levels (P < 0.05) and markers related to mitochondrial function with a normalization of hepatic ATP content (P < 0.05) together with sirtuin1 and uncoupling protein 2 mRNA levels (for both P < 0.001). Dietary intervention abolished p62 accumulation (P < 0.01), suggesting a restoration of autophagic flux. Losartan did not significantly affect obesity, insulin resistance, hypercholesterolemia or any histological NASH feature. Conclusions Dietary intervention, and not losartan, completely restores the metabolic phenotype in a representative mouse model with pre-existent NASH, obesity, insulin resistance and hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jef Verbeek
- Department of Hepatology, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. .,Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Pieter Spincemaille
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilse Vanhorebeek
- Clinical Department and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Division Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Greet Van den Berghe
- Clinical Department and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Division Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ingrid Vander Elst
- Department of Hepatology, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Petra Windmolders
- Department of Hepatology, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jos van Pelt
- Department of Hepatology, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Pierre Bedossa
- Department of Pathology, Hopital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Frederik Nevens
- Department of Hepatology, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bruno Cammue
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karin Thevissen
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - David Cassiman
- Department of Hepatology, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Metabolic Center, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Jonscher KR, Stewart MS, Alfonso-Garcia A, DeFelice BC, Wang XX, Luo Y, Levi M, Heerwagen MJR, Janssen RC, de la Houssaye BA, Wiitala E, Florey G, Jonscher RL, Potma EO, Fiehn O, Friedman JE. Early PQQ supplementation has persistent long-term protective effects on developmental programming of hepatic lipotoxicity and inflammation in obese mice. FASEB J 2016; 31:1434-1448. [PMID: 28007783 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600906r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is widespread in adults and children. Early exposure to maternal obesity or Western-style diet (WD) increases steatosis and oxidative stress in fetal liver and is associated with lifetime disease risk in the offspring. Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is a natural antioxidant found in soil, enriched in human breast milk, and essential for development in mammals. We investigated whether a supplemental dose of PQQ, provided prenatally in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity during pregnancy, could protect obese offspring from progression of NAFLD. PQQ treatment given pre- and postnatally in WD-fed offspring had no effect on weight gain but increased metabolic flexibility while reducing body fat and liver lipids, compared with untreated obese offspring. Indices of NAFLD, including hepatic ceramide levels, oxidative stress, and expression of proinflammatory genes (Nos2, Nlrp3, Il6, and Ptgs2), were decreased in WD PQQ-fed mice, concomitant with increased expression of fatty acid oxidation genes and decreased Pparg expression. Notably, these changes persisted even after PQQ withdrawal at weaning. Our results suggest that supplementation with PQQ, particularly during pregnancy and lactation, protects offspring from WD-induced developmental programming of hepatic lipotoxicity and may help slow the advancing epidemic of NAFLD in the next generation.-Jonscher, K. R., Stewart, M. S., Alfonso-Garcia, A., DeFelice, B. C., Wang, X. X., Luo, Y., Levi, M., Heerwagen, M. J. R., Janssen, R. C., de la Houssaye, B. A., Wiitala, E., Florey, G., Jonscher, R. L., Potma, E. O., Fiehn, O. Friedman, J. E. Early PQQ supplementation has persistent long-term protective effects on developmental programming of hepatic lipotoxicity and inflammation in obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen R Jonscher
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA;
| | - Michael S Stewart
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado USA
| | | | - Brian C DeFelice
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA USA
| | - Xiaoxin X Wang
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Yuhuan Luo
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Moshe Levi
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Margaret J R Heerwagen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado USA
| | - Rachel C Janssen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado USA
| | - Becky A de la Houssaye
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado USA
| | - Ellen Wiitala
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado USA
| | - Garrett Florey
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado, Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA; and
| | - Raleigh L Jonscher
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado, Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA; and
| | - Eric O Potma
- Beckman Laser Institute, and.,Department of Biomedical Engineering,University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA USA.,Biochemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jacob E Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado USA
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