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Faienza MF, Giardinelli S, Annicchiarico A, Chiarito M, Barile B, Corbo F, Brunetti G. Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods: A Comprehensive Review of Their Role in Bone Health. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5873. [PMID: 38892062 PMCID: PMC11172758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone health is the result of a tightly regulated balance between bone modeling and bone remodeling, and alterations of these processes have been observed in several diseases both in adult and pediatric populations. The imbalance in bone remodeling can ultimately lead to osteoporosis, which is most often associated with aging, but contributing factors can already act during the developmental age, when over a third of bone mass is accumulated. The maintenance of an adequate bone mass is influenced by genetic and environmental factors, such as physical activity and diet, and particularly by an adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D. In addition, it has been claimed that the integration of specific nutraceuticals such as resveratrol, anthocyanins, isoflavones, lycopene, curcumin, lutein, and β-carotene and the intake of bioactive compounds from the diet such as honey, tea, dried plums, blueberry, and olive oil can be efficient strategies for bone loss prevention. Nutraceuticals and functional foods are largely used to provide medical or health benefits, but there is an urge to determine which products have adequate clinical evidence and a strong safety profile. The aim of this review is to explore the scientific and clinical evidence of the positive role of nutraceuticals and functional food in bone health, focusing both on molecular mechanisms and on real-world studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Felicia Faienza
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.F.F.)
| | - Silvia Giardinelli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pediatrics, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessia Annicchiarico
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.A.); (B.B.)
| | - Mariangela Chiarito
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.F.F.)
| | - Barbara Barile
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.A.); (B.B.)
| | - Filomena Corbo
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Giacomina Brunetti
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.A.); (B.B.)
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Andreo-López MC, Contreras-Bolívar V, García-Fontana B, García-Fontana C, Muñoz-Torres M. The Influence of the Mediterranean Dietary Pattern on Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia. Nutrients 2023; 15:3224. [PMID: 37513646 PMCID: PMC10385532 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet is a modifiable factor in bone and muscle health. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is rich in nutrients and contains key bioactive components with probable protective effects on muscle and bone deterioration. Osteoporosis (OP) and sarcopenia are diseases that increase frailty and susceptibility to fracture, morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is necessary to combat them in the population. In this regard, MedDiet adherence has proven to be beneficial to bone mineral density (BMD), muscle mass, physical function, OP and sarcopenia. Hence, this diet is proposed as a therapeutic tool that could slow the onset of osteoporosis and sarcopenia. However, there is doubt about the interaction between the MedDiet, strength and fracture risk. Perhaps the amount of EVOO (extra virgin olive oil), fruits, vegetables and fish rich in anti-inflammatory and antioxidant nutrients ingested has an influence, though the results remain controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victoria Contreras-Bolívar
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs. Granada), 18014 Granada, Spain
- CIBER on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Beatriz García-Fontana
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs. Granada), 18014 Granada, Spain
- CIBER on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina García-Fontana
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs. Granada), 18014 Granada, Spain
- CIBER on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Muñoz-Torres
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs. Granada), 18014 Granada, Spain
- CIBER on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
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González-Acedo A, Ramos-Torrecillas J, Illescas-Montes R, Costela-Ruiz VJ, Ruiz C, Melguizo-Rodríguez L, García-Martínez O. The Benefits of Olive Oil for Skin Health: Study on the Effect of Hydroxytyrosol, Tyrosol, and Oleocanthal on Human Fibroblasts. Nutrients 2023; 15:2077. [PMID: 37432217 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts contribute to maintaining tissue integrity and homeostasis and are a key cell population in wound healing. This cell population can be stimulated by some bioactive compounds such as extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) polyphenols. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of hydroxytyrosol (htyr), tyrosol (tyr), and oleocanthal (ole) phenolic compounds present in EVOO on the proliferation, migration, cell cycle, and antigenic profile of cultured human fibroblasts. CCD-1064Sk human fibroblast cells were treated for 24 h with each polyphenol at doses ranging 10-5 to 10-9 M. Cell proliferation was evaluated using the MTT spectrophotometric technique, migration capacity by culture insert assay, and cell cycle and antigenic profile with flow cytometry. Cell proliferation was significantly increased by treatment with all compounds. The highest increases followed treatments with htyr or tyr at doses of 10-5 or 10-6 M and with ole at 10-6 and 10-7 M, and these compounds and doses were used for assays of antigenic profile, cell cycle, and migration. During the first few hours after treatment, increased fibronectin and α-actin expressions and greater cell migration were observed, with no cell cycle changes. In conclusion, these in vitro results suggest that phenolic compounds in EVOO might contribute to wound healing through action on fibroblasts related to tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel González-Acedo
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, C/Santander, 1, 52005 Melilla, Spain
| | - Javier Ramos-Torrecillas
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Biosanitary Research, ibs.Granada, C/Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4a Planta, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Rebeca Illescas-Montes
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Biosanitary Research, ibs.Granada, C/Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4a Planta, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Víctor J Costela-Ruiz
- Institute of Biosanitary Research, ibs.Granada, C/Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4a Planta, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, C/Cortadura del Valle, s.n., 51001 Ceuta, Spain
| | - Concepción Ruiz
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Biosanitary Research, ibs.Granada, C/Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4a Planta, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIBM), University of Granada, Parque de Tecnológico de la Salud (PTS) Avda. del Conocimiento S/N, Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Lucía Melguizo-Rodríguez
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Biosanitary Research, ibs.Granada, C/Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4a Planta, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Olga García-Martínez
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Biosanitary Research, ibs.Granada, C/Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4a Planta, 18012 Granada, Spain
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Marcucci G, Domazetovic V, Nediani C, Ruzzolini J, Favre C, Brandi ML. Oxidative Stress and Natural Antioxidants in Osteoporosis: Novel Preventive and Therapeutic Approaches. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020373. [PMID: 36829932 PMCID: PMC9952369 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This review reports in detail the cellular and molecular mechanisms which regulate the bone remodeling process in relation to oxidative stress (OS), inflammatory factors, and estrogen deficiency. OS is considered an important pathogenic factor of osteoporosis, inducing osteocyte apoptosis and varying levels of specific factors, such as receptor activator κB ligand (RANKL), sclerostin, and, according to recent evidence, fibroblast growth factor 23, with consequent impairment of bone remodeling and high bone resorption. Bone loss increases the risk of fragility fractures, and the most commonly used treatments are antiresorptive drugs, followed by anabolic drugs or those with a double effect. In addition, recent data show that natural antioxidants contained in the diet are efficient in preventing and reducing the negative effects of OS on bone remodeling and osteocytes through the involvement of sirtuin type 1 enzyme. Indeed, osteocytes and some of their molecular factors are considered potential biological targets on which antioxidants can act to prevent and reduce bone loss, as well as to promote bone anabolic and regenerative processes by restoring physiological bone remodeling. Several data suggest including antioxidants in novel therapeutic approaches to develop better management strategies for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and OS-related bone diseases. In particular, anthocyanins, as well as resveratrol, lycopene, oleuropein, some vitamins, and thiol antioxidants, could have protective and therapeutic anti-osteoporotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Marcucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Vladana Domazetovic
- Department of Paediatric Haematology-Oncology, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Nediani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Jessica Ruzzolini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Claudio Favre
- Department of Paediatric Haematology-Oncology, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy
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Farhan N, Al-Maleki AR, Sarih NM, Yahya R, Shebl M. Therapeutic importance of chemical compounds in extra virgin olive oil and their relationship to biological indicators: A narrative review and literature update. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Balbuena-Pecino S, Montblanch M, García-Meilán I, Fontanillas R, Gallardo Á, Gutiérrez J, Navarro I, Capilla E. Hydroxytyrosol-rich extract from olive juice as an additive in gilthead sea bream juveniles fed a high-fat diet: Regulation of somatic growth. Front Physiol 2022; 13:966175. [PMID: 36277183 PMCID: PMC9584614 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.966175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The dietary inclusion of plant-based products in fish feeds formulation is required for the sustainable development of aquaculture. Moreover, considering functional diets, hydroxytyrosol, one of the major phenolic compounds found in olives (Olea europaea), has been identified as a potential candidate to be used in the aquafeeds industry due to its health promoting abilities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of an olive juice extract rich in hydroxytyrosol as an additive (0.52 g HT/kg feed) in a high-fat (24% lipids) diet in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) juveniles. Moreover, the experimental diets, with or without the extract, were administered daily at a standard (3% of total biomass in the tank) or restricted ration (40% reduction) for 8–9 weeks. Growth and biometric parameters, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) plasma levels and growth hormone/IGF axis-, myogenic- and osteogenic-related genes expression in liver, white muscle and/or bone were analyzed. Moreover, in vitro cultures of vertebra bone-derived cells from fish fed the diets at a standard ration were performed at weeks 3 and 9 to explore the effects of hydroxytyrosol on osteoblasts development. Although neither body weight or any other biometric parameter were affected by diet composition after 4 or 8 weeks, the addition of the hydroxytyrosol-rich extract to the diet increased IGF-1 plasma levels, regardless of the ration regime, suggesting an anabolic condition. In muscle, the higher mRNA levels of the binding protein igfbp-5b and the myoblast fusion marker dock5 in fish fed with the hydroxytyrosol-rich diet suggested that this compound may have a role in muscle, inducing development and a better muscular condition. Furthermore in bone, increased osteogenic potential while delayed matrix mineralization after addition to the diet of the olive juice extract was supported by the upregulated expression of igf-1 and bmp4 and reduced transcript levels of osteopontin. Overall, this study provides new insights into the beneficial use of hydroxytyrosol as a dietary additive in gilthead sea bream functional diets to improve muscle-skeletal condition and, the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Balbuena-Pecino
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Montblanch
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene García-Meilán
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ángeles Gallardo
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Gutiérrez
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Navarro
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Encarnación Capilla
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Encarnación Capilla,
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Efficacy and Mechanisms of Oleuropein in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9767113. [PMID: 36060661 PMCID: PMC9436544 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9767113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) has a supernal morbidity rate in elderly females. Objective To appraise the effects of oleuropein on bone densitometry, bone metabolic index, oxidative stress, and inflammatory index in PMOP. In addition, the mechanism of olive bittersweet preventing bone loss was explored. Methods We grouped 80 salubrious female Sprague-Dawley rats into four teams: (1) sham operation team (sham, N = 20), (2) ovariectomy (OVX, N = 20), (3) castrated mice fed with oleuropein (OVX+ole, N = 20), and (4) castrated mice fed with estrogen (OVX+E2, N = 20). The ovariectomized SD rats were continuously raised with 200 μg/kg/dose of oleuropein. Bone mineral density and bone metabolism indexes were recorded. In order to assess the effectiveness of oleuropein on osteopenia, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was devoted to examining the bone marrow indexes. The bone metabolism standards of PMOP rats were appraised by assessing serum levels of calcium, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), phosphorus, malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitrate content by experimental detection methods and levels of osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor (OPG) and receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) by ELISA. The OPG-RANK-RANKL signal passage was examined by Western blot (WB). We measured bone mineral density using dual-energy X-rays. Results Our animal experimental results indicated that oleuropein could significantly improve the bone mineral density of ovariectomized SD rats. In the meantime, it could reduce ending interleukin-6 (IL-6), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrate, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and phosphorus (P) serum concentration and would not affect Ca2+ concentration. In cell experiments, oleuropein also can promote the proliferation of osteoblasts. Furthermore, it can promote the expression of OPG protein and mRNA. In reverse, it inhibits the expression of RANKL protein and mRNA. Conclusion Oleuropein can not only improve the inflammatory and oxidative indexes of castrated rats but also prevent osteoporosis. Oleuropein avoids bone resorption by regulating OPG/RANKL expression.
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Bounegru AV, Apetrei C. Sensitive Detection of Hydroxytyrosol in Extra Virgin Olive Oils with a Novel Biosensor Based on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Tyrosinase. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169132. [PMID: 36012400 PMCID: PMC9409382 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is an important marker for the authenticity and quality assessment of extra virgin olive oils (EVOO). The aim of the study was the qualitative and quantitative determination of hydroxytyrosol in commercial extra virgin olive oils of different origins and varieties using a newly developed biosensor based on a screen-printed electrode modified with single-layer carbon nanotubes and tyrosinase (SPE-SWCNT-Ty). The enzyme was immobilized on a carbon-based screen-printed electrode previously modified with single-layer carbon nanotubes (SPE-SWCNT-Ty) by the drop-and-dry method, followed by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. The modified electrode surface was characterized by different methods, including electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)) and spectrometric (Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy) methods. Cyclic voltammetry was used for the quantitative determination of HT, obtaining a detection limit of 3.49 × 10−8 M and a quantification limit of 1.0 × 10−7 M, with a wide linearity range (0.49–15.602 µM). The electrochemical performance of the SPE-SWCNT-Ty biosensor was compared with that of the modified SPE-SWCNT sensor, and the results showed increased selectivity and sensitivity of the biosensor due to the electrocatalytic activity of tyrosinase. The results obtained from the quantitative determination of HT showed that commercial EVOOs contain significant amounts of HT, proving the high quality of the finished products. The determination of the antiradical activity of HT was carried out spectrophotometrically using the free reagent galvinoxyl. The results showed that there is a very good correlation between the antiradical capacity of EVOOs, the voltammetric response and implicitly the increased concentration of HT. SPE-SWCNT-Ty has multiple advantages such as sensitivity, selectivity, feasibility and low cost and could be used in routine analysis for quality control of food products such as vegetable oils.
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Stevens-Barrón JC, Wall-Medrano A, Álvarez-Parrilla E, Olivas-Armendáriz I, Astiazaran-García H, Robles-Zepeda RE, De la Rosa LA. Synergistic Interactions between Tocol and Phenolic Extracts from Different Tree Nut Species against Human Cancer Cell Lines. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103154. [PMID: 35630629 PMCID: PMC9143696 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tree nuts are rich in polar (phenolic compounds) and non-polar (tocols) antioxidants, with recognized effects in the prevention of diseases such as cancer. These biomolecules possess antiproliferative activity on cancer cells; however, the combined effect of both types of compounds has been scarcely studied, and this approach could give valuable information on the real anticancer potential of tree nuts. In the present study, the antiproliferative activity of pure tocols and phenolic compounds, tocol- and phenolic-rich extracts (TRE and PRE, respectively) from tree nuts and the extracts combinations, was evaluated in four cancer (HeLa, MCF7, PC3, A549) and one control (ARPE) cell lines. The most sensible cell lines were HeLa and MCF7. TRE and PRE from nuts were chemically characterized; γ and δ tocopherols, total tocols, total tocopherols and total phenolic compounds were negatively correlated with cell viability in MCF7 cells. In HeLa cells, only δ and total tocopherols were negatively correlated with cell viability. TRE and PRE had a low effect in reducing cell viability of the cancer cell lines, the most effective extracts were those of emory oak acorn (EOA), pecan nut (PEC) and walnut (WAL), and these were further studied for their pharmacological interactions, using the combination index and the isobologram methods. Combinations of both extracts showed a synergistic and strongly synergistic behavior in the three nuts (EOA, PEC and WAL), with combination indexes between 0.12 and 0.55. These results highlight the need to understand the interactions among components found in complex natural extracts or food products in order to fully understand their bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazmín C. Stevens-Barrón
- Department of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Mexico;
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Mexico
- Correspondence: (J.C.S.-B.); (L.A.D.l.R.)
| | - Abraham Wall-Medrano
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Mexico;
| | - Emilio Álvarez-Parrilla
- Department of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Mexico;
| | - Imelda Olivas-Armendáriz
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Mexico;
| | | | - Ramón E. Robles-Zepeda
- Department of Chemical-Biological Sciences, University of Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico;
| | - Laura A. De la Rosa
- Department of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (J.C.S.-B.); (L.A.D.l.R.)
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The Effects of Polyphenol, Tannic Acid, or Tannic Acid in Combination with Pamidronate on Human Osteoblast Cell Line Metabolism. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27020451. [PMID: 35056766 PMCID: PMC8779126 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: This study investigates the effect of tannic acid (TA) combined with pamidronate (PAM) on a human osteoblast cell line. Methods: EC50 for TA, PAM, and different combination ratios of TA and PAM (25:75, 50:50, 75:25) were measured by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The combination index value was utilized to analyze the degree of drug interaction, while trypan blue assay was applied to analyze the cells proliferation effect. The mineralization and detection of bone BSP and Osx genes were determined via histochemical staining and PCR test, respectively. Results: The EC50 of osteoblasts treated with TA and a 75:25 ratio of TA and PAM were more potent with lower EC50 at 0.56 µg/mL and 0.48 µg/mL, respectively. The combination of TA and PAM (75:25) was shown to have synergistic interaction. On Day 7, both TA and PAM groups showed significantly increased proliferation compared with control and combination groups. On Day 7, both the TA and combination-treated groups demonstrated a higher production of calcium deposits than the control and PAM-treated groups. Moreover, on Day 7, the combination-treated group showed a significantly higher expression of BSP and Osx genes than both the TA and PAM groups. Conclusion: Combination treatment of TA and PAM at 75:25 ameliorated the highest enhancement of osteoblast proliferation and mineralization as well as caused a high expression of BSP and Osx genes.
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Ly TTG, Yun J, Lee DH, Chung JS, Kwon SM. Protective Effects and Benefits of Olive Oil and Its Extracts on Women's Health. Nutrients 2021; 13:4279. [PMID: 34959830 PMCID: PMC8705829 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Women and men share similar diseases; however, women have unique issues, including gynecologic diseases and diseases related to menstruation, menopause, and post menopause. In recent decades, scientists paid more attention to natural products and their derivatives because of their good tolerability and effectiveness in disease prevention and treatment. Olive oil is an essential component in the Mediterranean diet, a diet well known for its protective impact on human well-being. Investigation of the active components in olive oil, such as oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol, showed positive effects in various diseases. Their effects have been clarified in many suggested mechanisms and have shown promising results in animal and human studies, especially in breast cancer, ovarian cancer, postmenopausal osteoporosis, and other disorders. This review summarizes the current evidence of the role of olives and olive polyphenols in women's health issues and their potential implications in the treatment and prevention of health problems in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Truong Giang Ly
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (T.T.G.L.); (J.Y.)
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Jisoo Yun
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (T.T.G.L.); (J.Y.)
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyung Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
| | - Joo-Seop Chung
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Korea
| | - Sang-Mo Kwon
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (T.T.G.L.); (J.Y.)
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
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Evaluation of Olive Oil Quality with Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312708. [PMID: 34884509 PMCID: PMC8657724 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical sensors, sensor arrays and biosensors, alongside chemometric instruments, have progressed remarkably of late, being used on a wide scale in the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of olive oil. Olive oil is a natural product of significant importance, since it is a rich source of bioactive compounds with nutritional and therapeutic properties, and its quality is important both for consumers and for distributors. This review aims at analysing the progress reported in the literature regarding the use of devices based on electrochemical (bio)sensors to evaluate the bioactive compounds in olive oil. The main advantages and limitations of these approaches on construction technique, analysed compounds, calculus models, as well as results obtained, are discussed in view of estimation of future progress related to achieving a portable, practical and rapid miniature device for analysing the quality of virgin olive oil (VOO) at different stages in the manufacturing process.
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Hioki T, Tokuda H, Kuroyanagi G, Kim W, Tachi J, Matsushima-Nishiwaki R, Iida H, Kozawa O. Olive polyphenols attenuate TNF-α-stimulated M-CSF and IL-6 synthesis in osteoblasts: Suppression of Akt and p44/p42 MAP kinase signaling pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111816. [PMID: 34126350 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olive oil polyphenols, which possess cytoprotective activities like anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, could modulate osteoblast functions. The aim of this study is to elucidate the effects and the underlying mechanisms of hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein on the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) synthesis in osteoblasts. METHODS Osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells were pretreated with hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, deguelin, PD98059 or wedelolactone, and then stimulated by TNF-α. The levels of M-CSF and IL-6 in the conditioned medium were determined with ELISA. The mRNA expression levels of M-CSF or IL-6 were determined with real-time RT-PCR. The phosphorylation levels of Akt, p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase or NF-κB in the cell lysates were determined with Western blot analysis. RESULTS Hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein attenuated the TNF-α-stimulated M-CSF release. Deguelin, an inhibitor of Akt, significantly suppressed the TNF-α-stimulated M-CSF release, which failed to be affected by the MEK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 or the IκB inhibitor wedelolactone. Hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein suppressed the TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of Akt and p44/p42 MAP kinase. Hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein attenuated the TNF-α-stimulated IL-6 release. Hydroxytyrosol suppressed the TNF-α-induced mRNA expressions of M-CSF and IL-6. Hydroxytyrosol or oleuropein failed to affect the cell viability. CONCLUSION Our present findings strongly suggest that olive oil polyphenols hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein down-regulates TNF-α signaling at the points upstream of Akt and p44/p42 MAP kinase in osteoblasts, leading to the attenuation of M-CSF and IL-6 synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Hioki
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; Department of Dermatology, Kizawa Memorial Hospital, Minokamo, Gifu 505-8503, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Tokuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory/Medical Genome Center, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan; Department of Metabolic Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Gen Kuroyanagi
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Woo Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Junko Tachi
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | | | - Hiroki Iida
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Osamu Kozawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
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Antifungal and anti-biofilm activity of a new Spanish extract of propolis against Candida glabrata. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:147. [PMID: 34020643 PMCID: PMC8140450 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03323-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Resistance to traditional antifungal agents is a considerable health problem nowadays, aggravated by infectious processes related to biofilm formation, usually on implantable devices. Therefore, it is necessary to identify new antimicrobial molecules, such as natural products, to develop new therapeutic strategies to prevent and eradicate these infections. One promising product is propolis, a natural resin produced by honeybees with substances from various botanical sources, beeswax and salivary enzymes. The aim of this work was to study the effect of a new Spanish ethanolic extract of propolis (SEEP) on growth, cell surface hydrophobicity, adherence and biofilm formation of Candida glabrata, a yeast capable of achieving high levels of resistance to available anti-fungal agents. Methods The antifungal activity of SEEP was evaluated in the planktonic cells of 12 clinical isolates of C. glabrata. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of propolis was determined by quantifying visible growth inhibition by serial plate dilutions. The minimum fungicide concentration (MFC) was evaluated as the lowest concentration of propolis that produced a 95% decrease in cfu/mL, and is presented as MFC50 and MFC90, which corresponds to the minimum concentrations at which 50 and 90% of the C. glabrata isolates were inhibited, respectively. Influence on cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) was determined by the method of microbial adhesion to hydrocarbons (MATH). The propolis effect on adhesion and biofilm formation was determined in microtiter plates by measurement of optical density (OD) and metabolic activity (XTT-assay) in the presence of sub-MIC concentrations of SEEP. Results SEEP had antifungal capacity against C. glabrata isolates, with a MIC50 of 0.2% (v/v) and an MFC50 of 0.4%, even in azole-resistant strains. SEEP did not have a clear effect on surface hydrophobicity and adhesion, but an inhibitory effect on biofilm formation was observed at subinhibitory concentrations (0.1 and 0.05%) with a significant decrease in biofilm metabolism. Conclusions The novel Spanish ethanolic extract of propolis shows antifungal activity against C. glabrata, and decreases biofilm formation. These results suggest its possible use in the control of fungal infections associated with biofilms.
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Milia E, Bullitta SM, Mastandrea G, Szotáková B, Schoubben A, Langhansová L, Quartu M, Bortone A, Eick S. Leaves and Fruits Preparations of Pistacia lentiscus L.: A Review on the Ethnopharmacological Uses and Implications in Inflammation and Infection. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10040425. [PMID: 33921406 PMCID: PMC8069618 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in revisiting plants for drug discovery, proving scientifically their role as remedies. The aim of this review was to give an overview of the ethnopharmacological uses of Pistacia lentiscus L. (PlL) leaves and fruits, expanding the search for the scientific discovery of their chemistry, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and antimicrobial activities. PlL is a wild-growing shrub rich in terpenoids and polyphenols, the oil and extracts of which have been widely used against inflammation and infections, and as wound healing agents. The more recurrent components in PlL essential oil (EO) are represented by α-pinene, terpinene, caryophyllene, limonene and myrcene, with high variability in concentration depending on the Mediterranean country. The anti-inflammatory activity of the oil mainly occurs due to the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the arachidonic acid cascade. Interestingly, the capacity against COX-2 and LOX indicates PlL EO as a dual inhibitory compound. The high content of polyphenols enriching the extracts provide explanations for the known biological properties of the plant. The protective effect against reactive oxygen species is of wide interest. In particular, their anthocyanins content greatly clarifies their antioxidative capacity. Further, the antimicrobial activity of PlL oil and extracts includes the inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, periodontal bacteria and Candida spp. In conclusion, the relevant scientific properties indicate PlL as a nutraceutical and also as a therapeutic agent against a wide range of diseases based on inflammation and infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egle Milia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.M.); (S.E.); Tel.: +39-79-228437 (E.M.); +41-31-632-25-42 (S.E.)
| | - Simonetta Maria Bullitta
- C.N.R., Institute for Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment (ISPAAM), Traversa La Crucca 3, Località Baldinca, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Mastandrea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/C, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Barbora Szotáková
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
| | - Aurélie Schoubben
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti, 48-06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Lenka Langhansová
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Marina Quartu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Antonella Bortone
- Dental Unite, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Sigrun Eick
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 3, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (E.M.); (S.E.); Tel.: +39-79-228437 (E.M.); +41-31-632-25-42 (S.E.)
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Melguizo-Rodríguez L, Illescas-Montes R, Costela-Ruiz VJ, Ramos-Torrecillas J, de Luna-Bertos E, García-Martínez O, Ruiz C. Antimicrobial properties of olive oil phenolic compounds and their regenerative capacity towards fibroblast cells. J Tissue Viability 2021; 30:372-378. [PMID: 33810929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtv.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Some micronutrients of vegetable origin are considered potentially useful as wound-healing agents because they can increase fibroblast proliferation and differentiation. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY was to evaluate the regenerative effects of selected olive oil phenolic compounds on cultured human fibroblasts and explore their antimicrobial properties. MATERIAL AND METHODS The CCD-1064Sk fibroblast line was treated for 24 h with 10-6M luteolin, apigenin, ferulic, coumaric acid or caffeic acid, evaluating the effects on cell proliferation by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) spectrophotometric assay; the migratory capacity by the scratch assay and determining the expression of Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), Transforming Growth Factor- β1 (TGFβ1), Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF), and Collagen Type I (COL-I) genes by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The antimicrobial capacity of the polyphenols was evaluated by the disc diffusion method. RESULTS All compounds except for ferulic acid significantly stimulated the proliferative capacity of fibroblasts, increasing their migration and their expression of the aforementioned genes. With respect to their antimicrobial properties, treatment with the studied compounds inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Proteus spp., and Candida Albicans. CONCLUSIONS The phenolic compounds in olive oil have a biostimulatory effect on the regeneration capacity, differentiation, and migration of fibroblasts and exert major antibacterial activity. According to the present findings, these compounds may have a strong therapeutic effect on wound recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Melguizo-Rodríguez
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016, Granada, Spain; Institute of Biosanitary Research, Ibs.Granada, C/ Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4(a) Planta, 18012, Granada, Spain.
| | - Rebeca Illescas-Montes
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016, Granada, Spain; Institute of Biosanitary Research, Ibs.Granada, C/ Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4(a) Planta, 18012, Granada, Spain.
| | - Victor Javier Costela-Ruiz
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016, Granada, Spain; Institute of Biosanitary Research, Ibs.Granada, C/ Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4(a) Planta, 18012, Granada, Spain.
| | - Javier Ramos-Torrecillas
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016, Granada, Spain; Institute of Biosanitary Research, Ibs.Granada, C/ Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4(a) Planta, 18012, Granada, Spain.
| | - Elvira de Luna-Bertos
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016, Granada, Spain; Institute of Biosanitary Research, Ibs.Granada, C/ Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4(a) Planta, 18012, Granada, Spain.
| | - Olga García-Martínez
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016, Granada, Spain; Institute of Biosanitary Research, Ibs.Granada, C/ Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4(a) Planta, 18012, Granada, Spain.
| | - Concepción Ruiz
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016, Granada, Spain; Institute of Biosanitary Research, Ibs.Granada, C/ Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4(a) Planta, 18012, Granada, Spain; Institute of Neuroscience, University of Granada, Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIBM), Parque de Tecnológico de La Salud (PTS), Avda. Del Conocimiento S/N, 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain.
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Jiaranaikulwanitch J, Pandith H, Tadtong S, Thammarat P, Jiranusornkul S, Chauthong N, Nilkosol S, Vajragupta O. Novel Multifunctional Ascorbic Triazole Derivatives for Amyloidogenic Pathway Inhibition, Anti-Inflammation, and Neuroprotection. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061562. [PMID: 33809092 PMCID: PMC7999550 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder. The number of patients with AD is projected to reach 152 million by 2050. Donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, and memantine are the only four drugs currently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for AD treatment. However, these drugs can only alleviate AD symptoms. Thus, this research focuses on the discovery of novel lead compounds that possess multitarget regulation of AD etiopathology relating to amyloid cascade. The ascorbic acid structure has been designated as a core functional domain due to several characteristics, including antioxidant activities, amyloid aggregation inhibition, and the ability to be transported to the brain and neurons. Multifunctional ascorbic derivatives were synthesized by copper (I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (click chemistry). The in vitro and cell-based assays showed that compounds 2c and 5c exhibited prominent multifunctional activities as beta-secretase 1 inhibitors, amyloid aggregation inhibitors, and antioxidant, neuroprotectant, and anti-inflammatory agents. Significant changes in activities promoting neuroprotection and anti-inflammation were observed at a considerably low concentration at a nanomolar level. Moreover, an in silico study showed that compounds 2c and 5c were capable of being permeated across the blood-brain barrier by sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutamas Jiaranaikulwanitch
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.T.); (S.J.); (N.C.); (S.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-5394-4382
| | - Hataichanok Pandith
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Sarin Tadtong
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhonnayok 26120, Thailand;
| | - Phanit Thammarat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.T.); (S.J.); (N.C.); (S.N.)
| | - Supat Jiranusornkul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.T.); (S.J.); (N.C.); (S.N.)
| | - Nattapong Chauthong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.T.); (S.J.); (N.C.); (S.N.)
| | - Supitcha Nilkosol
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.T.); (S.J.); (N.C.); (S.N.)
| | - Opa Vajragupta
- Office of Research Affairs, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
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Pérez-Lozano ML, Cesaro A, Mazor M, Esteve E, Berteina-Raboin S, Best TM, Lespessailles E, Toumi H. Emerging Natural-Product-Based Treatments for the Management of Osteoarthritis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:265. [PMID: 33572126 PMCID: PMC7914872 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex degenerative disease in which joint homeostasis is disrupted, leading to synovial inflammation, cartilage degradation, subchondral bone remodeling, and resulting in pain and joint disability. Yet, the development of new treatment strategies to restore the equilibrium of the osteoarthritic joint remains a challenge. Numerous studies have revealed that dietary components and/or natural products have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-bone-resorption, and anabolic potential and have received much attention toward the development of new therapeutic strategies for OA treatment. In the present review, we provide an overview of current and emerging natural-product-based research treatments for OA management by drawing attention to experimental, pre-clinical, and clinical models. Herein, we review current and emerging natural-product-based research treatments for OA management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Luisa Pérez-Lozano
- Laboratory I3MTO, EA 4708, Université d’Orléans, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France; (M.-L.P.-L.); (A.C.); (E.L.)
- Plateforme Recherche Innovation Médicale Mutualisée d’Orléans, Centre Hospitalier Régional d’Orléans, 14 Avenue de l’Hôpital, 45100 Orléans, France
| | - Annabelle Cesaro
- Laboratory I3MTO, EA 4708, Université d’Orléans, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France; (M.-L.P.-L.); (A.C.); (E.L.)
- Plateforme Recherche Innovation Médicale Mutualisée d’Orléans, Centre Hospitalier Régional d’Orléans, 14 Avenue de l’Hôpital, 45100 Orléans, France
| | - Marija Mazor
- Center for Proteomics, Department for Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, B. Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Eric Esteve
- Service de Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional d′Orléans, 14 Avenue de l’Hôpital, 45100 Orléans, France;
| | - Sabine Berteina-Raboin
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique ICOA, Université d’Orléans-Pôle de Chimie, UMR CNRS 7311, Rue de Chartres-BP 6759, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France;
| | - Thomas M. Best
- Department of Orthopedics, Division of Sports Medicine, Health Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA;
| | - Eric Lespessailles
- Laboratory I3MTO, EA 4708, Université d’Orléans, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France; (M.-L.P.-L.); (A.C.); (E.L.)
- Plateforme Recherche Innovation Médicale Mutualisée d’Orléans, Centre Hospitalier Régional d’Orléans, 14 Avenue de l’Hôpital, 45100 Orléans, France
- Centre Hospitalier Régional d’Orléans, Institut Département de Rhumatologie, 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Hechmi Toumi
- Laboratory I3MTO, EA 4708, Université d’Orléans, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France; (M.-L.P.-L.); (A.C.); (E.L.)
- Plateforme Recherche Innovation Médicale Mutualisée d’Orléans, Centre Hospitalier Régional d’Orléans, 14 Avenue de l’Hôpital, 45100 Orléans, France
- Centre Hospitalier Régional d’Orléans, Institut Département de Rhumatologie, 45067 Orléans, France
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Mourenza Á, Gil JA, Mateos LM, Letek M. Novel Treatments and Preventative Strategies Against Food-Poisoning Caused by Staphylococcal Species. Pathogens 2021; 10:91. [PMID: 33498299 PMCID: PMC7909252 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcal infections are a widespread cause of disease in humans. In particular, S. aureus is a major causative agent of infection in clinical medicine. In addition, these bacteria can produce a high number of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) that may cause food intoxications. Apart from S. aureus, many coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. could be the source of food contamination. Thus, there is an active research work focused on developing novel preventative interventions based on food supplements to reduce the impact of staphylococcal food poisoning. Interestingly, many plant-derived compounds, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, or terpenoids, show significant antimicrobial activity against staphylococci, and therefore these compounds could be crucial to reduce the incidence of food intoxication in humans. Here, we reviewed the most promising strategies developed to prevent staphylococcal food poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Mourenza
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (Á.M.); (J.A.G.)
| | - José A. Gil
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (Á.M.); (J.A.G.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular, Genómica y Proteómica (INBIOMIC), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Luis M. Mateos
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (Á.M.); (J.A.G.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular, Genómica y Proteómica (INBIOMIC), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Michal Letek
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (Á.M.); (J.A.G.)
- Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero y Sanidad Animal (INDEGSAL), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
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Leto G, Flandina C, Crescimanno M, Giammanco M, Sepporta MV. Effects of oleuropein on tumor cell growth and bone remodelling: Potential clinical implications for the prevention and treatment of malignant bone diseases. Life Sci 2020; 264:118694. [PMID: 33130080 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oleuropein (Ole) is the main bioactive phenolic compound present in olive leaves, fruits and olive oil. This molecule has been shown to exert beneficial effects on several human pathological conditions. In particular, recent preclinical and observational studies have provided evidence that Ole exhibits chemo-preventive effects on different types of human tumors. Studies undertaken to elucidate the specific mechanisms underlying these effects have shown that this molecule may thwart several key steps of malignant progression, including tumor cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, by modulating the expression and activity of several growth factors, cytokines, adhesion molecules and enzymes involved in these processes. Interestingly, experimental observations have highlighted the fact that most of these signalling molecules also appear to be actively involved in the homing and growth of disseminating cancer cells in bones and, ultimately, in the development of metastatic bone diseases. These findings, and the experimental and clinical data reporting the preventive activity of Ole on various pathological conditions associated with a bone loss, are indicative of a potential therapeutic role of this molecule in the prevention and treatment of cancer-related bone diseases. This paper provides a current overview regarding the molecular mechanisms and the experimental findings underpinning a possible clinical role of Ole in the prevention and development of cancer-related bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Leto
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Carla Flandina
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marilena Crescimanno
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Giammanco
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Sepporta
- Pediatric Unit, Department Women-Mother-Children, Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Research Laboratory, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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21
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El-Hansi NS, Sallam AM, Talaat MS, Said HH, Khalaf MA, Desouky OS. Biomechanical properties enhancement of gamma radiation-sterilized cortical bone using antioxidants. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2020; 59:571-581. [PMID: 32444954 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-020-00848-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gamma radiation sterilization is the method used by the majority of tissue banks to reduce disease transmission from infected donors to recipients through bone allografts. However, many studies have reported that gamma radiation impairs the structural and mechanical properties of bone via formation of free radicals, the effect of which could be reduced using free radical scavengers. The aim of this study is to examine the radioprotective role of hydroxytyrosol (HT) and alpha lipoic acid (ALA) on the mechanical properties of gamma-sterilized cortical bone of bovine femur, using three-point bending and microhardness tests. Specimens of bovine femurs were soaked in ALA and HT for 3 and 7 days, respectively, before being exposed to 35-kGy gamma radiation. In unirradiated samples, both HT and ALA pre-treatment improved the cortical bone bending plastic properties (maximum bending stress, maximum bending strain, and toughness) without affecting microhardness. Irradiation resulted in a drastic reduction of the plastic properties and an increased microhardness. ALA treatment before irradiation alleviated the aforementioned reductions in maximum bending stress, maximum bending strain, and toughness. In addition, under ALA treatment, the microhardness was not increased after irradiation. For HT treatment, similar effects were found. In conclusion, the results indicate that HT and ALA can be used before irradiation to enhance the mechanical properties of gamma-sterilized bone allografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa S El-Hansi
- Biophysics Lab, Radiation Physics Department, (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority (AEA), Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdelsattar M Sallam
- Biophysics Branch, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona S Talaat
- Biophysics Branch, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hoda H Said
- Biophysics Lab, Radiation Physics Department, (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority (AEA), Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud A Khalaf
- Microbiology Department (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority (AEA), Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omar S Desouky
- Biophysics Lab, Radiation Physics Department, (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority (AEA), Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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22
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Fernández-Calderón MC, Navarro-Pérez ML, Blanco-Roca MT, Gómez-Navia C, Pérez-Giraldo C, Vadillo-Rodríguez V. Chemical Profile and Antibacterial Activity of a Novel Spanish Propolis with New Polyphenols also Found in Olive Oil and High Amounts of Flavonoids. Molecules 2020; 25:E3318. [PMID: 32707882 PMCID: PMC7435631 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis is a natural product obtained from hives. Its chemical composition varies depending on the flora of its surroundings, but nevertheless, common for all types of propolis, they all exhibit remarkable biological activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of a novel Spanish Ethanolic Extract of Propolis (SEEP). It was found that this new SEEP contains high amounts of polyphenols (205 ± 34 mg GAE/g), with unusually more than half of this of the flavonoid class (127 ± 19 mg QE/g). Moreover, a detailed analysis of its chemical composition revealed the presence of olive oil compounds (Vanillic acid, 1-Acetoxypinoresinol, p-HPEA-EA and 3,4-DHPEA-EDA) never detected before in propolis samples. Additionally, relatively high amounts of ferulic acid and quercetin were distinguished, both known for their important therapeutic benefits. Regarding the antimicrobial properties of SEEP, the minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) against Staphylococcus epidermidis strains were found at the concentrations of 240 and 480 µg/mL, respectively. Importantly, subinhibitory concentrations were also found to significantly decrease bacterial growth. Therefore, the results presented here uncover a new type of propolis rich in flavonoids with promising potential uses in different areas of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Coronada Fernández-Calderón
- Networking Biomedical Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (M.T.B.-R.); (C.P.-G.); (V.V.-R.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, Area of Microbiology, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (M.L.N.-P.); (C.G.-N.)
- University Institute of Extremadura Sanity Research (INUBE), 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - María Luisa Navarro-Pérez
- Department of Biomedical Science, Area of Microbiology, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (M.L.N.-P.); (C.G.-N.)
| | - María Teresa Blanco-Roca
- Networking Biomedical Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (M.T.B.-R.); (C.P.-G.); (V.V.-R.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, Area of Microbiology, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (M.L.N.-P.); (C.G.-N.)
- University Institute of Extremadura Sanity Research (INUBE), 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Carolina Gómez-Navia
- Department of Biomedical Science, Area of Microbiology, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (M.L.N.-P.); (C.G.-N.)
| | - Ciro Pérez-Giraldo
- Networking Biomedical Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (M.T.B.-R.); (C.P.-G.); (V.V.-R.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, Area of Microbiology, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (M.L.N.-P.); (C.G.-N.)
- University Institute of Extremadura Sanity Research (INUBE), 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Virgina Vadillo-Rodríguez
- Networking Biomedical Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (M.T.B.-R.); (C.P.-G.); (V.V.-R.)
- University Institute of Extremadura Sanity Research (INUBE), 06006 Badajoz, Spain
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
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23
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Di Lecce G, Piochi M, Pacetti D, Frega NG, Bartolucci E, Scortichini S, Fiorini D. Eleven Monovarietal Extra Virgin Olive Oils from Olives Grown and Processed under the Same Conditions: Effect of the Cultivar on the Chemical Composition and Sensory Traits. Foods 2020; 9:foods9070904. [PMID: 32660116 PMCID: PMC7404457 DOI: 10.3390/foods9070904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Eleven Italian monovarietal extra virgin olive oils (MEVOOs) (Carboncella, Coratina, Frantoio, Leccino, Marzio, Maurino, Moraiolo, Piantone di Falerone, Pendolino, Rosciola, Sargano di Fermo) from olives grown in the same experimental olive orchard, under the same conditions (fertilization, irrigation), and processed with the same technology (three-way continuous plant) were investigated. As a result, the impact of the olive cultivar on fatty acid and triacylglycerols composition, oxidative stability, polar phenolic profile and sensory properties (panel test) of the oil was assessed. Pendolino, Maurino and Marzio oils presented the highest levels (p < 0.01) of palmitic, linoleic and linolenic acids % and the lowest oleic:linoleic ratio. Within triacylglycerols, triolein (OOO) strongly varied among the oils, with Coratina and Leccino having the highest content. Frantoio showed the lowest 1-Stearoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-oleylglycerol and 1,3-Distearoyl-2-oleylglycerol amounts. Rosciola showed the highest level (p < 0.01) for two of the most abundant secoiridoid derivatives (the dialdehydic forms of decarboxymethyl elenolic acid linked to hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol). A good correlation was found between total phenolic content and oxidative stability, indicating Marzio and Leccino respectively as the richest and poorest genotypes. Sensory variability among varieties was mainly linked to perceived bitterness, pungency and fruitiness, while no effects were found on secondary flavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Di Lecce
- Independent Researcher, Expert in Food Science and Technology, 26100 Cremona, Italy;
| | - Maria Piochi
- University of Gastronomic Sciences, Piazza Vittorio Emanuele 9, 12042 Pollenzo, Italy;
| | - Deborah Pacetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, I-60131 Ancona, Italy; (N.G.F.); (E.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-07-1220-4307
| | - Natale G. Frega
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, I-60131 Ancona, Italy; (N.G.F.); (E.B.)
| | - Edoardo Bartolucci
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, I-60131 Ancona, Italy; (N.G.F.); (E.B.)
| | - Serena Scortichini
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, V.S. Agostino 1, I-62032 Camerino, Italy; (S.S.); (D.F.)
| | - Dennis Fiorini
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, V.S. Agostino 1, I-62032 Camerino, Italy; (S.S.); (D.F.)
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Hydroxytyrosol Promotes Proliferation of Human Schwann Cells: An In Vitro Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124404. [PMID: 32575426 PMCID: PMC7344605 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in phytomedicine have explored some potential candidates for nerve regeneration, including hydroxytyrosol (HT). This study was undertaken to explore the potential effects of HT on human Schwann cells' proliferation. Methods: The primary human Schwann cell (hSC) was characterized, and the proliferation rate of hSC supplemented with various concentrations of HT was determined via 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cell cycle analysis and protein expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and p75 nerve growth factor receptor (p75 NGFR) were evaluated via the immunofluorescence technique. Results: In vitro culture of hSCs revealed spindle-like, bipolar morphology with the expression of specific markers of hSC. Hydroxytyrosol at 10 and 20 ng/mL significantly increased the proliferation of hSCs by 30.12 ± 5.9% and 47.8 ± 6.7% compared to control (p < 0.05). Cell cycle analysis showed that HT-treated hSCs have a higher proliferation index (16.2 ± 0.2%) than the control (12.4 ± 0.4%) (p < 0.01). In addition, HT significantly increased the protein expression of GFAP and p75NGFR (p < 0.05). Conclusion: HT stimulates the proliferation of hSCs in vitro, indicated by a significant increase in the hSC proliferation index and protein expression of hSCs' proliferation markers, namely p75 NGFR and GFAP.
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25
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Chisari E, Shivappa N, Vyas S. Polyphenol-Rich Foods and Osteoporosis. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2459-2466. [PMID: 31333106 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190722093959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is a metabolic disease affecting the bone mineral density and thus compromise the strength of the bones. Disease prevention through diet is the objective of the study and discussion. Among the several nutrients investigated, the intake of phenols seems to influence bone mineral density by acting as free radical scavengers, preventing oxidation-induced damage to bone cells. In addition, the growing understanding of the bone remodelling process supports the theory that inflammation significantly contributes to the etiopathogenesis of osteoporosis. METHODS To provide an overview of current evidence on polyphenol-rich foods and osteoporosis prevention we made a comprehensive review of the literature focusing on the state of art of the topic. RESULTS Some polyphenol-rich foods, including olive oil, fruit and vegetable, tea and soy, seem to be beneficial for preventing osteoporosis disease and its progression. The mechanism is still partly unknown and may involve different pathways which include inflammation and other disease reactions. CONCLUSIONS However, further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms regulating the molecular interaction between osteoporosis incidence and progression and polyphenol-rich foods. The current evidence suggests that dietary intervention with polyphenol rich foods may be useful to prevent incidence and progression of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Chisari
- University of Catania, Piazza Universita, 2, 95124, Catania CT, Italy
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Shraddha Vyas
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fl, 33612, United States
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26
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Zupo R, Lampignano L, Lattanzio A, Mariano F, Osella AR, Bonfiglio C, Giannelli G, Pergola GD. Association between adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and circulating Vitamin D levels. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2020; 71:884-890. [PMID: 32223463 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1744533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D improves bone density and latest studies show adherence to Med-Diet as protective on osteoporosis. This observational study aimed at investigating the relationship between 25(OH)D levels and adherence to Med-Diet. Body weight, BMI, WC, glucose, insulin, 25(OH)D, total cholesterol, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, and creatinine serum levels and insulin resistance were determined in 284 overweight/obese subjects not taking medications or supplements. Adherence to Med-Diet was evaluated by using PREDIMED score. High-level of adherence stood out. 25(OH)D was inversely related to BMI, WC, HOMA-IR, serum insulin and triglycerides, while directly to PREDIMED score. Two different regression models confirmed this positive correlation independently of gender and other parameters showing univariate relationship with 25(OH)D. This study argues that a closer adherence to Med-Diet is independently associated with an increase of 25(OH)D suggesting that higher vitamin D levels may contribute to the protective effect of the Med-Diet on osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Zupo
- Population Health Unit, "Salus in Apulia Study" National Institute of Gastroenterology "Saverio de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Luisa Lampignano
- Population Health Unit, "Salus in Apulia Study" National Institute of Gastroenterology "Saverio de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Antonio Lattanzio
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Mariano
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Alberto R Osella
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Institute of Gastroenterology, "S. de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Caterina Bonfiglio
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Institute of Gastroenterology, "S. de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- Population Health Unit, "Salus in Apulia Study" National Institute of Gastroenterology "Saverio de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Pergola
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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27
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D’Andrea G, Ceccarelli M, Bernini R, Clemente M, Santi L, Caruso C, Micheli L, Tirone F. Hydroxytyrosol stimulates neurogenesis in aged dentate gyrus by enhancing stem and progenitor cell proliferation and neuron survival. FASEB J 2020; 34:4512-4526. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902643r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio D’Andrea
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology National Research Council (IBBC‐CNR) Monterotondo, Rome Italy
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences University of Tuscia Viterbo Italy
| | - Manuela Ceccarelli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology National Research Council (IBBC‐CNR) Monterotondo, Rome Italy
| | - Roberta Bernini
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE) University of Tuscia Viterbo Italy
| | - Mariangela Clemente
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE) University of Tuscia Viterbo Italy
| | - Luca Santi
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE) University of Tuscia Viterbo Italy
| | - Carla Caruso
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences University of Tuscia Viterbo Italy
| | - Laura Micheli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology National Research Council (IBBC‐CNR) Monterotondo, Rome Italy
| | - Felice Tirone
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology National Research Council (IBBC‐CNR) Monterotondo, Rome Italy
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Fintini D, Cianfarani S, Cofini M, Andreoletti A, Ubertini GM, Cappa M, Manco M. The Bones of Children With Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:200. [PMID: 32390939 PMCID: PMC7193990 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess adiposity in childhood may affect bone development, ultimately leading to bone frailty. Previous reports showing an increased rate of extremity fractures in children with obesity support this fear. On the other hand, there is also evidence suggesting that bone mineral content is higher in obese children than in normal weight peers. Both adipocytes and osteoblasts derive from multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and obesity drives the differentiation of MSCs toward adipocytes at the expense of osteoblast differentiation. Furthermore, adipocytes in bone marrow microenvironment release a number of pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory molecules that up-regulate formation and activation of osteoclasts, thus favoring bone frailty. On the other hand, body adiposity represents a mechanical load, which is beneficial for bone accrual. In this frame, bone quality, and structure result from the balance of inflammatory and mechanical stimuli. Diet, physical activity and the hormonal milieu at puberty play a pivotal role on this balance. In this review, we will address the question whether the bone of obese children and adolescents is unhealthy in comparison with normal-weight peers and discuss mechanisms underlying the differences in bone quality and structure. We anticipate that many biases and confounders affect the clinical studies conducted so far and preclude us from achieving robust conclusions. Sample-size, lack of adequate controls, heterogeneity of study designs are the major drawbacks of the existing reports. Due to the increased body size of children with obesity, dual energy absorptiometry might overestimate bone mineral density in these individuals. Magnetic resonance imaging, peripheral quantitative CT (pQCT) scanning and high-resolution pQCT are promising techniques for the accurate estimate of bone mineral content in obese children. Moreover, no longitudinal study on the risk of incident osteoporosis in early adulthood of children and adolescents with obesity is available. Finally, we will address emerging dietary issues (i.e., the likely benefits for the bone health of polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols) since an healthy diet (i.e., the Mediterranean diet) with balanced intake of certain nutrients associated with physical activity remain the cornerstones for achieving an adequate bone accrual in young individuals regardless of their adiposity degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Fintini
- Endocrinology Unit, Pediatric University Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Danilo Fintini
| | - Stefano Cianfarani
- Diabetes and Growth Disorders Unit, Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marta Cofini
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Angela Andreoletti
- Pediatric Resident, Pediatric Clinic, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Grazia Maria Ubertini
- Endocrinology Unit, Pediatric University Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Cappa
- Endocrinology Unit, Pediatric University Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Melania Manco
- Research Area for Multifactorial Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Melania Manco
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29
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Koohpeyma F, Dabbaghmanesh MH, Hajihoseini M, Talezadeh P, Montazeri-Najafabady N, Bakhshayeshkaram M. Protective effect of the olive hydroalcoholic extract on estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss in rats in comparison with estradiol. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2020; 10:546-556. [PMID: 33299812 PMCID: PMC7711295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoporosis, as a skeletal disorder caused by aging, is considered a major health problem. This work was planned to assess the effect of the black olive hydroalcoholic extract on bone mineral density and biochemical parameters in ovariectomized rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety 6-month-old female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into 7 sets: control (received saline); sham-operated control, Ovariectomized (OVX) rats (received saline); 3 groups of black olive-supplemented OVX rats (respectively, receiving 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg body wt black olive extract orally); and estrogen group (receiving 3 mg/kg/day estradiol valerate). Blood samples were collected 2, 4 and 6 months after treatment to measure calcium (Ca), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and phosphorus (P). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was applied to measure the bone mineral density (BMD). Global, lumbar spine and lower limb BMD was measured. RESULTS Ca concentration was significantly increased in the group treated with the highest dose of black olive hydroalcoholic compared to the OVX group (P<0.001). In addition, a significant decrease in ALP concentrations in the group treated with the highest dose of black olive hydroalcoholic comparing with the OVX group was observed (P<0.001). The global, tibia, femur and spine BMD in the group treated with the highest dose of black olive hydroalcoholic and estrogen group were significantly increased compared to the OVX group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Black olive hydroalcoholic extract at the dose of 750 mg/kg, prevented bone loss and augmented bone mineral density and could be a possible candidate for the management of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Koohpeyma
- Shiraz Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Dabbaghmanesh
- Shiraz Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Corresponding Author: Tel: +989173001988, Fax: +987136122256,
| | - Mehrdokht Hajihoseini
- Shiraz Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pedram Talezadeh
- Shiraz Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nima Montazeri-Najafabady
- Shiraz Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Casado-Díaz A, Dorado G, Quesada-Gómez JM. Influence of olive oil and its components on mesenchymal stem cell biology. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:1045-1064. [PMID: 31875868 PMCID: PMC6904865 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i12.1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil is characterized by its high content of unsaturated fatty acid residues in triglycerides, mainly oleic acid, and the presence of bioactive and antioxidant compounds. Its consumption is associated with lower risk of suffering chronic diseases and unwanted processes linked to aging, due to the antioxidant capacity and capability of its components to modulate cellular signaling pathways. Consumption of olive oil can alter the physiology of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). This may explain part of the healthy effects of olive oil consumption, such as prevention of unwanted aging processes. To date, there are no specific studies on the action of olive oil on MSCs, but effects of many components of such food on cell viability and differentiation have been evaluated. The objective of this article is to review existing literature on how different compounds of extra virgin olive oil, including residues of fatty acids, vitamins, squalene, triterpenes, pigments and phenols, affect MSC maintenance and differentiation, in order to provide a better understanding of the healthy effects of this food. Interestingly, most studies have shown a positive effect of these compounds on MSCs. The collective findings support the hypothesis that at least part of the beneficial effects of extra virgin olive oil consumption on health may be mediated by its effects on MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Casado-Díaz
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba 14004, Spain
| | - Gabriel Dorado
- Departement Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus Rabanales C6-1-E17, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, CIBERFES, Córdoba 14071, Spain
| | - José Manuel Quesada-Gómez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba 14004, Spain
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31
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Hapidin H, Romli NAA, Abdullah H. Proliferation study and microscopy evaluation on the effects of tannic acid in human fetal osteoblast cell line (hFOB 1.19). Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:1928-1940. [PMID: 31423711 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Tannic acid (TA) is a phenolic compound that might act directly on osteoblast metabolism. The study was performed to investigate the effects of TA on the proliferation, mineralization, and morphology of human fetal osteoblast cells (hFOB 1.19). The cells were divided into TA-treated, untreated, and pamidronate-treated (control drug) groups. Half maximal effective concentration (EC50 ) values for TA and pamidronate were measured using MTT assay. The EC50 of hFOB 1.19 cells treated with TA was 2.94 M. This concentration was more effective compared to the pamidronate (15.27 M). Cell proliferation assay was performed to compare cell viability from Day 1 until Day 14. The morphology of hFOB 1.19 was observed via inverted microscope and scanning electron microscope. Calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) were assessed using energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. Furthermore, the mineralization of hFOB 1.19 was determined by von Kossa staining (P depositions) and Alizarin Red S staining (Ca depositions). The number of cells treated with TA was significantly higher than the two control groups at Day 10 and Day 14. The morphology of cells treated with TA was uniformly fusiform-shaped with filopodia extensions. Besides, globular-like structures of deposited minerals were observed in the TA-treated group. In line with other findings, EDX spectrum analysis confirmed the presence of Ca and P. The cells treated with TA had significantly higher percentage of both minerals at Day 3 and Day 10 compared to the two control groups. In conclusion, TA enhances cell proliferation and causes cell morphology changes, as well as improved mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermizi Hapidin
- Biomedicine Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nur Afiqah Amalina Romli
- Biomedicine Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hasmah Abdullah
- Environmental and Occupational Health Program, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Bone Protective Effect of Extra-Virgin Olive Oil Phenolic Compounds by Modulating Osteoblast Gene Expression. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081722. [PMID: 31349732 PMCID: PMC6722737 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenolic compounds of extra-virgin olive oil can act at various levels to protect individuals against cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and osteoporosis, among others. Polyphenols in extra-virgin olive oil can stimulate the proliferation of osteoblasts, modify their antigen profile, and promote alkaline phosphatase synthesis. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of different extra-virgin olive oil phenolic compounds on the gene expression of osteoblast-related markers. The cells of the MG63 osteoblast line were cultured for 24 h with 10−6 M of the phenolic compounds ferulic acid, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, apigenin, or luteolin. The expression of studied markers was quantified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-RT-PCR). The expression by MG63 osteoblasts of growth and differentiation/maturation markers was modified after 24 h of treatment with 10−6 M of the phenolic compounds under study, most of which increased the gene expression of the transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), TGF-β receptor 1,2 and 3 (TGF-βR1, TGF-βR2, TGF-βR3), bone morphogenetic protein 2 and 7 (BMP2, BMP7), run-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX-2), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Osteocalcin (OSC), Osterix (OSX), Collagen type I (Col-I) and osteoprotegerin (OPN). The extra-virgin olive oil phenolic compounds may have a beneficial effect on bone by modulating osteoblast physiology, which would support their protective effect against bone pathologies.
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Styrczewska M, Zuk M, Boba A, Zalewski I, Kulma A. Use of Natural Components Derived from Oil Seed Plants for Treatment of Inflammatory Skin Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:2241-2263. [PMID: 31333096 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190716111700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of inflammatory skin diseases is increasing, so the search for relevant therapeutics is of major concern. Plants are rich in phytochemicals which can alleviate many symptoms. In this review, we concentrate on compounds found in the seeds of widely cultivated plants, regularly used for oil production. The oils from these plants are often used to alleviate the symptoms of inflammatory diseases through synergetic action of unsaturated fatty acids and other phytochemicals most commonly derived from the terpenoid pathway. The knowledge of the chemical composition of oil seeds and the understanding of the mechanisms of action of single components should allow for a more tailored approach for the treatment for many diseases. In many cases, these seeds could serve as an efficient material for the isolation of pure phytochemicals. Here we present the content of phytochemicals, assumed to be responsible for healing properties of plant oils in a widely cultivated oil seed plants and review the proposed mechanism of action for fatty acids, selected mono-, sesqui-, di- and triterpenes, carotenoids, tocopherol and polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Styrczewska
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zuk
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Boba
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Iwan Zalewski
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kulma
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Jiang X, Chen W, Shen F, Xiao W, Guo H, Su H, Xiu J, Sun W. Pinoresinol promotes MC3T3‑E1 cell proliferation and differentiation via the cyclic AMP/protein kinase A signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:2143-2150. [PMID: 31322181 PMCID: PMC6691241 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Estradiol (E2) is a first‑line drug for osteoporosis (OP) treatment via promotion of osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation. However, a long‑term use of E2 would produce side effects thus, it is imperative to discover safer and more effective drugs. Pinoresinol (PINO) has a similar chemical structure to E2. The present study aimed to investigate whether PINO could promote osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation and the potential mechanisms. After treatment with 0.1 µg/l PINO for 2 days, MC3T3‑E1 cell migration was assessed by wound healing assay. Estrogen (E2) treatment served as a positive control. RT‑qPCR and western blotting were used for mRNA and protein expression analyses. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay and Alizarin red staining were performed to investigate the calcification and mineralization, and the cyclic AMP (cAMP) level was detected by enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). H89, an inhibitor of protein kinase A (PKA), was introduced to verify the role of cAMP/PKA in the effect of PINO on MC3T3‑E1 cells. Cell viability was the highest under 48 h of 0.1 µg/l PINO treatment. After treatment with PINO, a significant increase was observed in the migration rate and the expression of collagen type I (Col‑I), ALP, osteopontin (OPN), runt‑related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and bone morphogenetic protein‑2 (BMP‑2) (P<0.01). The ALP activity and Alizarin red size in PINO and E2 groups were notably increased. The increased cAMP, PKA and phosphorylated cAMP response element‑binding protein (CREB) levels were also observed in the PINO group. Furthermore, H89 co‑treatment abolished the positive effects of PINO on cell viability and migration. PINO had similar effects to E2 on the osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation, and these positive effects may be attributed to the regulation of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jiang
- Fifth Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161099, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, P.R. China
| | - Fuguo Shen
- Fifth Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161099, P.R. China
| | - Wenlong Xiao
- Fifth Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161099, P.R. China
| | - Hongliang Guo
- Fifth Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161099, P.R. China
| | - Hang Su
- Fifth Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161099, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Xiu
- Fifth Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161099, P.R. China
| | - Wencai Sun
- Fifth Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161099, P.R. China
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Karković Marković A, Torić J, Barbarić M, Jakobušić Brala C. Hydroxytyrosol, Tyrosol and Derivatives and Their Potential Effects on Human Health. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24102001. [PMID: 31137753 PMCID: PMC6571782 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24102001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet and olive oil as its quintessential part are almost synonymous with a healthy way of eating and living nowadays. This kind of diet has been highly appreciated and is widely recognized for being associated with many favorable effects, such as reduced incidence of different chronic diseases and prolonged longevity. Although olive oil polyphenols present a minor fraction in the composition of olive oil, they seem to be of great importance when it comes to the health benefits, and interest in their biological and potential therapeutic effects is huge. There is a growing body of in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as intervention-based clinical trials, revealing new aspects of already known and many new, previously unknown activities and health effects of these compounds. This review summarizes recent findings regarding biological activities, metabolism and bioavailability of the major olive oil phenolic compounds—hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, oleuropein, oleocanthal and oleacein—the most important being their antiatherogenic, cardioprotective, anticancer, neuroprotective and endocrine effects. The evidence presented in the review concludes that these phenolic compounds have great pharmacological potential, however, further studies are still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karković Marković
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A.Kovačića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Jelena Torić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A.Kovačića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Monika Barbarić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A.Kovačića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Cvijeta Jakobušić Brala
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A.Kovačića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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de Pablos RM, Espinosa-Oliva AM, Hornedo-Ortega R, Cano M, Arguelles S. Hydroxytyrosol protects from aging process via AMPK and autophagy; a review of its effects on cancer, metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis, immune-mediated and neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacol Res 2019; 143:58-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Taskan MM, Balci Yuce H, Karatas O, Gevrek F, Toker H. Evaluation of the effect of oleuropein on alveolar bone loss, inflammation, and apoptosis in experimental periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2019; 54:624-632. [PMID: 31032945 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
THE OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of oleuropein on ligature-induced alveolar bone loss. In this respect, osteoblastic activity, osteoclastic activity, inflammatory markers, and apoptosis were evaluated. BACKGROUND Oleuropein is a flavonoid, which has potent anti-inflammatory and bone-protective effects. METHODS Thirty-two Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups as following: control (C, n = 8) group; periodontitis (P, n = 8) group; periodontitis and low-dose oleuropein group (12 mg/kg/day oleuropein, LDO group, n = 8); and periodontitis and high-dose oleuropein group (24 mg/kg/day oleuropein, HDO group, n = 8). Periodontitis was induced via ligatures. Study period was 14 days, and animals were sacrificed at end of this period. Mandibles were examined via a stereomicroscope and underwent histological procedures. Osteoblast, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive osteoclast, and inflammatory cell counts were determined in hematoxylin-eosin stained sections. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), bone morphogenetic protein-4, the cluster of differentiation (CD)-68, cysteine-aspartic proteases-3 (Caspase 3), and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) expressions were evaluated via immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Periodontitis group had highest alveolar bone loss, and these levels significantly decreased in LDO and HDO groups. Both 12 and 24 mg/kg oleuropein groups significantly increased osteoblast cell counts and decreased TRAP-positive osteoclast and inflammatory cell counts. BMP-4 and bcl-2 expressions were elevated in oleuropein groups while caspase-3 expressions decreased. iNOS and CD68 were higher in periodontitis group compared to control group, but there was no significant difference between other groups. CONCLUSION Oleuropein successfully decreased alveolar bone loss as a result of decreased osteoclastic activity, inflammation, and apoptosis and increased osteoblastic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Murat Taskan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Hatice Balci Yuce
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Ozkan Karatas
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Fikret Gevrek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Hülya Toker
- Department of Periodontology, Gulhane Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medical Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
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de la Torre‐Robles A, Monteagudo C, Mariscal‐Arcas M, Lorenzo‐Tovar ML, Olea‐Serrano F, Rivas A. Effect of Light Exposure on the Quality and Phenol Content of Commercial Extra Virgin Olive Oil during 12‐Month Storage. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amelia de la Torre‐Robles
- Research Group on Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment‐AGR255, Nutrition and Food Science DepartmentUniversity of Granada Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Celia Monteagudo
- Research Group on Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment‐AGR255, Nutrition and Food Science DepartmentUniversity of Granada Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Miguel Mariscal‐Arcas
- Research Group on Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment‐AGR255, Nutrition and Food Science DepartmentUniversity of Granada Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Maria Luisa Lorenzo‐Tovar
- Research Group on Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment‐AGR255, Nutrition and Food Science DepartmentUniversity of Granada Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Fátima Olea‐Serrano
- Research Group on Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment‐AGR255, Nutrition and Food Science DepartmentUniversity of Granada Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Ana Rivas
- Research Group on Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment‐AGR255, Nutrition and Food Science DepartmentUniversity of Granada Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada Spain
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Pascoviche DM, Goldstein N, Fishman A, Lesmes U. Impact of fatty acids unsaturation on stability and intestinal lipolysis of bioactive lipid droplets. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Current Disease-Targets for Oleocanthal as Promising Natural Therapeutic Agent. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102899. [PMID: 30250008 PMCID: PMC6213726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The broad number of health benefits which can be obtained from the long-term consumption of olive oil are attributed mainly to its phenolic fraction. Many olive oil phenolics have been studied deeply since their discovery due to their bioactivity properties, such as Hydroxytyrosol. Similarly, in the last decade, the special attention of researchers has been addressed to Oleocanthal (OC). This olive oil phenolic compound has recently emerged as a potential therapeutic agent against a variety of diseases, including cancer, inflammation, and neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. Recently, different underlying mechanisms of OC against these diseases have been explored. This review summarizes the current literature on OC to date, and focuses on its promising bioactivities against different disease-targets.
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Calahorra J, Martínez-Lara E, De Dios C, Siles E. Hypoxia modulates the antioxidant effect of hydroxytyrosol in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203892. [PMID: 30235254 PMCID: PMC6147459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cancer is multifactorial, a strong correlation between this pathology and increased oxidative stress has long been stablished. Hypoxia, inherent to solid tumors, increases reactive oxygen species and should be taken into account when analyzing the response of tumor cells to antioxidants. The Mediterranean diet has been related to a lower incidence of cancer, and particularly of breast cancer. Given that hydroxytyrosol (HT) is largely responsible for the antioxidant properties of olive oil, we have performed a comprehensive and comparative study of its effect on the oxidative stress response of the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 in hypoxia and normoxia. Our results demonstrate that the antioxidant action of HT is particularly effective in a hypoxic environment. Moreover, we have observed that this polyphenol modulates the transcription and translation of members of the PGC-1α/ERRα and PGC-1α/Nrf2 pathways. However, while the transcriptional effects of HT are similar in normoxic and hypoxic conditions, its translational action is less prominent and partially attenuated in hypoxia, and therefore cannot completely explain the antioxidant effect of HT. Consequently, our results underscore that the hypoxic environment of tumor cells should be considered when analyzing the effect of bioactive compounds. Besides, this study also points to the importance of assessing the regulatory role of HT at both mRNA and protein level to get a complete picture of its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Calahorra
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, Jaén, Spain
| | - Esther Martínez-Lara
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, Jaén, Spain
| | - Cristina De Dios
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, Jaén, Spain
| | - Eva Siles
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, Jaén, Spain
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Mozaffari H, Djafarian K, Mofrad MD, Shab-Bidar S. Dietary fat, saturated fatty acid, and monounsaturated fatty acid intakes and risk of bone fracture: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Osteoporos Int 2018; 29:1949-1961. [PMID: 29947872 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-018-4540-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Total dietary fat intake might influence the risk of fracture; however, conflicting findings have been reported to date. Moreover, the type of fatty acids is also of vital importance. We aimed to conduct a comprehensive review of the literature on the association between dietary fat intake, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and the risk of fracture. PubMed and Scopus were used to conduct a comprehensive search for articles published up to 7 January 2018. To pool effect sizes, random effects models (the DerSimonian-Laird method) were applied. The Cochrane Q test was used to trace the source of between-study heterogeneity. Six studies met inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. We found no significant association between total dietary fat intake and risk of fracture (pooled effect size 1.31, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.95-1.79, P = 0.09). A significant positive association was observed between SFA intake and the risk of hip fracture (pooled effect size 1.79, 95% CI 1.05-3.03, P = 0.03). There was also a significant positive association between MUFAs derived from animal sources and the risk of fracture (pooled effect size 2.29, 95% CI 1.50-3.50, P < 0.0001). Our findings showed a strong positive association between SFAs intake and risk of hip fracture. Moreover, there was a significant positive association between MUFAs derived from animal sources and the risk of fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mozaffari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), No 44, Hojjat-dost Alley, Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - K Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - M D Mofrad
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), No 44, Hojjat-dost Alley, Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), No 44, Hojjat-dost Alley, Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran.
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Razali RA, Nik Ahmad Eid NAH, Jayaraman T, Amir Hassan MA, Azlan NQ, Ismail NF, Sainik NQAV, Yazid MD, Lokanathan Y, Saim AB, Hj Idrus RB. The potential of Olea europaea extracts to prevent TGFβ1-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition in human nasal respiratory epithelial cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:197. [PMID: 29940929 PMCID: PMC6019306 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2250-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background One of the molecular mechanisms involved in upper airway-related diseases is epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Olea europaea (OE) has anti-inflammatory properties and thus, great potential to prevent EMT. This study aimed to investigate the effect of OE on EMT in primary nasal human respiratory epithelial cells (RECs). Methods Respiratory epithelial cells were isolated and divided into four groups: control (untreated), treated with 0.05% OE (OE group), EMT induced with 5 ng/ml of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFβ1 group) and treated with 5 ng/ml TGFβ1 + 0.05% OE (TGFβ1 + OE group). The effects of OE treatment on growth kinetics, morphology and protein expression in RECs were evaluated. Immunocytochemistry analysis was performed to quantitate the total percentage of E-cadherin and vimentin expression from day 1 to day 3. Results There were no significant differences between untreated RECs and OE-treated RECs in terms of their morphology, growth kinetics and protein expression. Induction with TGFβ1 caused RECs to have an elongated spindle shape, a slower proliferation rate, a higher expression of vimentin and a lower expression of E-cadherin compared with the control. Cells in the TGFβ1 + OE group had similar epithelial shape to untreated group however it had no significant differences in their proliferation rate when compared to TGFβ1-induced RECs. Cells treated with TGFβ1 + OE showed significantly reduced expression of vimentin and increased expression of E-cadherin compared with the TGFβ1 group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The ability of OE to inhibit EMT in RECs was shown by TGFb1-induced EMT REC morphology, growth kinetics and protein expression markers (E-cadherin and vimentin) upon treatment with OE and TGFβ1. Therefore, this study could provide insight into the therapeutic potential of OE to inhibit pathological tissue remodelling and persistent inflammation.
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Melguizo-Rodríguez L, Ramos-Torrecillas J, Manzano-Moreno FJ, Illescas-Montes R, Rivas A, Ruiz C, De Luna-Bertos E, García-Martínez O. Effect of phenolic extracts from different extra-virgin olive oil varieties on osteoblast-like cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196530. [PMID: 29698527 PMCID: PMC5919649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The reported incidence of osteoporosis is lower in countries in which the Mediterranean diet predominates, and this apparent relationship may be mediated by the phenolic compounds present in olive oil. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of phenolic extracts from different varieties of extra-virgin olive oil (Picual, Arbequina, Picudo, and Hojiblanca) on the differentiation, antigenic expression, and phagocytic capacity of osteoblast-like MG-63 cells. At 24 h of treatment a significant increase in phosphatase alkaline activity and significant reductions in CD54, CD80, and HLA-DR expression and in phagocytic activity were observed in comparison to untreated controls. The in vitro study performed has demonstrated that phenolic compounds from different extra virgin olive oil varieties can modulate different parameters related to osteoblast differentiation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Melguizo-Rodríguez
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Ramos-Torrecillas
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Manzano-Moreno
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rebeca Illescas-Montes
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences (Melilla), University of Granada, Melilla, Spain
| | - Ana Rivas
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
- AGR-255 Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Concepción Ruiz
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience Federico Olóriz, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Elvira De Luna-Bertos
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Olga García-Martínez
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
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Melguizo-Rodríguez L, Manzano-Moreno FJ, De Luna-Bertos E, Rivas A, Ramos-Torrecillas J, Ruiz C, García-Martínez O. Effect of olive oil phenolic compounds on osteoblast differentiation. Eur J Clin Invest 2018; 48. [PMID: 29392706 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength that predisposes individuals to an increased risk of fracture. Previous in vivo and in vitro studies have reported that phenolic compounds present in extra virgin olive oil have a beneficial effect on osteoblasts in terms of increase cell proliferation. The aim of this study was to determine whether phenolic compounds present in olive oil could modify the expression of cell differentiation markers on osteoblasts. STUDY DESIGN An in vitro experimental design was performed using MG-63 osteoblasts cell line. METHODS MG63 cells were exposed to different doses of luteolin, apigenin, or p-coumaric, caffeic or ferulic acid. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was evaluated by spectrophotometry and antigen expression (cluster of differentiation [CD] 54, CD80, CD86 and HLA-DR) by flow cytometry. RESULTS At 24 hour, treated groups showed an increased ALP and modulated antigen profile, with respect to the nontreated group. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that the phenolic compounds studied induce cell maturation in vitro, increasing ALP synthesis and reducing the expression of antigens involved in immune functions of the osteoblast which would improve bone density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Melguizo-Rodríguez
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Manzano-Moreno
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain.,Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Elvira De Luna-Bertos
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Rivas
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain.,AGR-255 Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Ramos-Torrecillas
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Concepción Ruiz
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain.,Institute of Neuroscience Federico Olóriz, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Olga García-Martínez
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
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46
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Mate tea (Ilex paraguariensis) improves bone formation in the alveolar socket healing after tooth extraction in rats. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 22:1449-1461. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2249-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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47
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Safety assessment of medium- and long-chain triacylglycerols containing 30% (w/w) medium-chain fatty acids in mice and rats. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 86:42-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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48
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García-Gavilán JF, Bulló M, Canudas S, Martínez-González MA, Estruch R, Giardina S, Fitó M, Corella D, Ros E, Salas-Salvadó J. Extra virgin olive oil consumption reduces the risk of osteoporotic fractures in the PREDIMED trial. Clin Nutr 2017; 37:329-335. [PMID: 28143667 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The incidence of osteoporotic fractures is lower in countries in the Mediterranean basin. Virgin olive oil, a key component of the Mediterranean Diet (MDiet), with recognised beneficial effects on metabolism and cardiovascular health, may decrease the risk of osteoporotic fractures. The aim to this study was to explore the effect of chronic consumption of total olive oil and its varieties on the risk of osteoporosis-related fractures in a middle-aged and elderly Mediterranean population. METHODS We included all participants (n = 870) recruited in the Reus (Spain) centre of the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) trial. Individuals, aged 55-80 years at high cardiovascular risk, were randomized to a MedDiet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil, a MedDiet supplemented with nuts, or a low-fat diet. The present analysis was an observational cohort study nested in the trial. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary habits and olive oil consumption. Information on total osteoporotic fractures was obtained from a systematic review of medical records. The association between yearly repeated measurements of olive oil consumption and fracture risk was assessed by multivariate Cox proportional hazards. RESULTS We documented 114 incident cases of osteoporosis-related fractures during a median follow-up of 8.9 years. Treatment allocation had no effect on fracture risk. Participants in the highest tertile of extra-virgin olive oil consumption had a 51% lower risk of fractures (HR:0.49; 95% CI:0.29-0.81. P for trend = 0.004) compared to those in the lowest tertile after adjusting for potential confounders. Total and common olive oil consumption was not associated with fracture risk. CONCLUSIONS Higher consumption of extra-virgin olive oil is associated with a lower risk of osteoporosis-related fractures in middle-aged and elderly Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F García-Gavilán
- Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - M Bulló
- Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Spain; CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - S Canudas
- Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - M A Martínez-González
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - R Estruch
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, August Pi i Sunyer Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Giardina
- Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - M Fitó
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition (Regicor Study Group), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Corella
- Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - E Ros
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Salas-Salvadó
- Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Spain; CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Preparative Purification of Bioactive Compounds from Flos Chrysanthemi Indici and Evaluation of Its Antiosteoporosis Effect. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:2587201. [PMID: 27885328 PMCID: PMC5112322 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2587201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To understand the material basis and underlying molecular machinery of antiosteoporosis activity of the Flos Chrysanthemi Indici (FCI), the consequences of ethanol extract on the bone loss in mice induced due to ovariectomy (OVX) was evaluated. Also, the antiosteoporosis fraction obtained from the FCI ethanol extract was isolated and purified using a preparative high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC). The in vitro impact of the compounds was investigated on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. The results revealed that ethyl acetate fraction with robust in vivo antiosteoporosis activity was obtained. The important compounds purified by HSCCC using gradient elution system included acacetin, apigenin, luteolin, and linarin. The four compounds enhanced the differentiation and proliferation of osteoblasts in MC3T3-E1 cells. They also augmented the mRNA levels of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), and type I collagen (COL I). The AKT signaling pathway was also activated in MC3T3-E1 cells by the four compounds. The present study demonstrated that the antiosteoporosis effects of FCI did not depend on a single component, and HSCCC efficiently isolated and purified the antiosteoporosis bioactive compounds from FCI.
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Olives and Bone: A Green Osteoporosis Prevention Option. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13080755. [PMID: 27472350 PMCID: PMC4997441 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13080755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal degeneration due to aging, also known as osteoporosis, is a major health problem worldwide. Certain dietary components confer protection to our skeletal system against osteoporosis. Consumption of olives, olive oil and olive polyphenols has been shown to improve bone health. This review aims to summarize the current evidence from cellular, animal and human studies on the skeletal protective effects of olives, olive oil and olive polyphenols. Animal studies showed that supplementation of olives, olive oil or olive polyphenols could improve skeletal health assessed via bone mineral density, bone biomechanical strength and bone turnover markers in ovariectomized rats, especially those with inflammation. The beneficial effects of olive oil and olive polyphenols could be attributed to their ability to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation. However, variations in the bone protective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects between studies were noted. Cellular studies demonstrated that olive polyphenols enhanced proliferation of pre-osteoblasts, differentiation of osteoblasts and decreased the formation of osteoclast-like cells. However, the exact molecular pathways for its bone health promoting effects are yet to be clearly elucidated. Human studies revealed that daily consumption of olive oil could prevent the decline in bone mineral density and improve bone turnover markers. As a conclusion, olives, olive oil and its polyphenols are potential dietary interventions to prevent osteoporosis among the elderly.
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