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Cherkashchenko L, Gros N, Trausch A, Neyret A, Hénaut M, Dubois G, Villeneuve M, Chable-Bessia C, Lyonnais S, Merits A, Muriaux D. Validation of flavivirus infectious clones carrying fluorescent markers for antiviral drug screening and replication studies. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1201640. [PMID: 37779700 PMCID: PMC10541152 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1201640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses have emerged as major arthropod-transmitted pathogens and represent an increasing public health problem worldwide. High-throughput screening can be facilitated using viruses that easily express detectable marker proteins. Therefore, developing molecular tools, such as reporter-carrying versions of flaviviruses, for studying viral replication and screening antiviral compounds represents a top priority. However, the engineering of flaviviruses carrying either fluorescent or luminescent reporters remains challenging due to the genetic instability caused by marker insertion; therefore, new approaches to overcome these limitations are needed. Here, we describe reverse genetic methods that include the design and validation of infectious clones of Zika, Kunjin, and Dengue viruses harboring different reporter genes for infection, rescue, imaging, and morphology using super-resolution microscopy. It was observed that different flavivirus constructs with identical designs displayed strikingly different genetic stabilities, and corresponding virions resembled wild-type virus particles in shape and size. A successful strategy was assessed to increase the stability of rescued reporter virus and permit antiviral drug screening based on quantitative automated fluorescence microscopy and replication studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubov Cherkashchenko
- CEMIPAI UAR3725 CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nathalie Gros
- CEMIPAI UAR3725 CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Alice Trausch
- CEMIPAI UAR3725 CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Aymeric Neyret
- CEMIPAI UAR3725 CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mathilde Hénaut
- CEMIPAI UAR3725 CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Gregor Dubois
- CEMIPAI UAR3725 CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | - Andres Merits
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Delphine Muriaux
- CEMIPAI UAR3725 CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- IRIM UMR9004 CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Qin ZL, Yao QF, Ren H, Zhao P, Qi ZT. Lipid Droplets and Their Participation in Zika Virus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012584. [PMID: 36293437 PMCID: PMC9604050 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are highly conserved and dynamic intracellular organelles. Their functions are not limited to serving as neutral lipid reservoirs; they also participate in non-energy storage functions, such as cell lipid metabolism, protection from cell stresses, maintaining protein homeostasis, and regulating nuclear function. During a Zika virus (ZIKV) infection, the viruses hijack the LDs to provide energy and lipid sources for viral replication. The co-localization of ZIKV capsid (C) protein with LDs supports its role as a virus replication platform and a key compartment for promoting the generation of progeny virus particles. However, in view of the multiple functions of LDs, their role in ZIKV infection needs further elucidation. Here, we review the basic mechanism of LD biogenesis and biological functions and discuss how ZIKV infection utilizes these effects of LDs to facilitate virus replication, along with the future application strategy of developing new antiviral drugs based on the interaction of ZIKV with LDs.
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Pathogenesis and Manifestations of Zika Virus-Associated Ocular Diseases. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7060106. [PMID: 35736984 PMCID: PMC9229560 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7060106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is mosquito-borne flavivirus that caused a significant public health concern in French Polynesia and South America. The two major complications that gained the most media attention during the ZIKV outbreak were Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and microcephaly in newborn infants. The two modes of ZIKV transmission are the vector-borne and non-vector borne modes of transmission. Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are the most important vectors of ZIKV. ZIKV binds to surface receptors on permissive cells that support infection and replication, such as neural progenitor cells, dendritic cells, dermal fibroblasts, retinal pigment epithelial cells, endothelial cells, macrophages, epidermal keratinocytes, and trophoblasts to cause infection. The innate immune response to ZIKV infection is mediated by interferons and natural killer cells, whereas the adaptive immune response is mediated by CD8+T cells, Th1 cells, and neutralizing antibodies. The non-structural proteins of ZIKV, such as non-structural protein 5, are involved in the evasion of the host's immune defense mechanisms. Ocular manifestations of ZIKV arise from the virus' ability to cross both the blood-brain barrier and blood-retinal barrier, as well as the blood-aqueous barrier. Most notably, this results in the development of GBS, a rare neurological complication in acute ZIKV infection. This can yield ocular symptoms and signs. Additionally, infants to whom ZIKV is transmitted congenitally develop congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). The ocular manifestations are widely variable, and include nonpurulent conjunctivitis, anterior uveitis, keratitis, trabeculitis, congenital glaucoma, microphthalmia, hypoplastic optic disc, and optic nerve pallor. There are currently no FDA approved therapeutic agents for treating ZIKV infections and, as such, a meticulous ocular examination is an important aspect of the diagnosis. This review utilized several published articles regarding the ocular findings of ZIKV, antiviral immune responses to ZIKV infection, and the pathogenesis of ocular manifestations in individuals with ZIKV infection. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the viral immunology of ZIKV, interactions between ZIKV and the host's immune defense mechanism, pathological mechanisms, as well as anterior and posterior segment findings associated with ZIKV infection.
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Mamidi P, Nayak TK, Kumar A, Kumar S, Chatterjee S, De S, Datey A, Ghosh S, Keshry SS, Singh S, Laha E, Ray A, Chattopadhyay S, Chattopadhyay S. MK2a inhibitor CMPD1 abrogates chikungunya virus infection by modulating actin remodeling pathway. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009667. [PMID: 34780576 PMCID: PMC8592423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) epidemics around the world have created public health concern with the unavailability of effective drugs and vaccines. This emphasizes the need for molecular understanding of host-virus interactions for developing effective targeted antivirals. Microarray analysis was carried out using CHIKV strain (Prototype and Indian) infected Vero cells and two host isozymes, MAPK activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) and MAPK activated protein kinase 3 (MK3) were selected for further analysis. The substrate spectrum of both enzymes is indistinguishable and covers proteins involved in cytokines production, endocytosis, reorganization of the cytoskeleton, cell migration, cell cycle control, chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation. Gene silencing and drug treatment were performed in vitro and in vivo to unravel the role of MK2/MK3 in CHIKV infection. Gene silencing of MK2 and MK3 abrogated around 58% CHIKV progeny release from the host cell and a MK2 activation inhibitor (CMPD1) treatment demonstrated 68% inhibition of viral infection suggesting a major role of MAPKAPKs during late CHIKV infection in vitro. Further, it was observed that the inhibition in viral infection is primarily due to the abrogation of lamellipodium formation through modulation of factors involved in the actin cytoskeleton remodeling pathway. Moreover, CHIKV-infected C57BL/6 mice demonstrated reduction in the viral copy number, lessened disease score and better survivability after CMPD1 treatment. In addition, reduction in expression of key pro-inflammatory mediators such as CXCL13, RAGE, FGF, MMP9 and increase in HGF (a CHIKV infection recovery marker) was observed indicating the effectiveness of the drug against CHIKV. Taken together it can be proposed that MK2 and MK3 are crucial host factors for CHIKV infection and can be considered as important target for developing effective anti-CHIKV strategies. Chikungunya virus has been a dreaded disease from the first time it occurred in 1952 Tanzania. Since then it has been affecting the different parts of the world at different time periods in large scale. It is typically transmitted to humans by bites of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. Although, studies have been undertaken to combat its prevalence still there are no effective strategies like vaccines or antivirals against it. Therefore it is essential to understand the virus and host interaction to overcome this hurdle. In this study two host factors MK2 and MK3 have been taken into consideration to see how they affect the multiplication of the virus. The in vitro and in vivo experiments conducted demonstrated that inhibition of MK2 and MK3 not only restricted viral release but also decreased the disease score and allowed better survivability. Therefore, MK2 and MK3 could be considered as the key targets in the anti CHIKV approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tapas Kumar Nayak
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, India
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sameer Kumar
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Sanchari Chatterjee
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Saikat De
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Ankita Datey
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- KIIT school of Biotechnology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Soumyajit Ghosh
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Supriya Suman Keshry
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- KIIT school of Biotechnology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sharad Singh
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- KIIT school of Biotechnology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Eshna Laha
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Amrita Ray
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
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Blockade of Autocrine CCL5 Responses Inhibits Zika Virus Persistence and Spread in Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells. mBio 2021; 12:e0196221. [PMID: 34399621 PMCID: PMC8406327 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01962-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a neurovirulent flavivirus that uniquely causes fetal microcephaly, is sexually transmitted, and persists in patients for up to 6 months. ZIKV persistently infects human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMECs) that form the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and enables viral spread to neuronal compartments. We found that CCL5, a chemokine with prosurvival effects on immune cells, was highly secreted by ZIKV-infected hBMECs. Although roles for CCL5 in endothelial cell (EC) survival remain unknown, the presence of the CCL5 receptors CCR3 and CCR5 on ECs suggested that CCL5 could promote ZIKV persistence in hBMECs. We found that exogenous CCL5 induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation in hBMECs and that ERK1/2 cell survival signaling was similarly activated by ZIKV infection. Neutralizing antibodies to CCL5, CCR3, or CCR5 inhibited persistent ZIKV infection of hBMECs. While knockout (KO) of CCL5 failed to prevent ZIKV infection of hBMECs, at 3 days postinfection (dpi), we observed a >90% reduction in ZIKV-infected CCL5-KO hBMECs and a multilog reduction in ZIKV titers. In contrast, the addition of CCL5 to CCL5-KO hBMECs dose-dependently rescued ZIKV persistence in hBMECs. Inhibiting CCL5 responses using CCR3 (UCB35625) and CCR5 (maraviroc) receptor antagonists reduced the number of ZIKV-infected hBMECs and ZIKV titers (50% inhibitory concentrations [IC50s] of 2.5 to 12 μM), without cytotoxicity (50% cytotoxic concentration [CC50] of >80 μM). These findings demonstrate that ZIKV-induced CCL5 directs autocrine CCR3/CCR5 activation of ERK1/2 survival responses that are required for ZIKV to persistently infect hBMECs. Our results establish roles for CCL5 in ZIKV persistence and suggest the potential for CCL5 receptor antagonists to therapeutically inhibit ZIKV spread and neurovirulence.
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Lima CS, Mottin M, de Assis LR, Mesquita NCDMR, Sousa BKDP, Coimbra LD, Santos KBD, Zorn KM, Guido RVC, Ekins S, Marques RE, Proença-Modena JL, Oliva G, Andrade CH, Regasini LO. Flavonoids from Pterogyne nitens as Zika virus NS2B-NS3 protease inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2021; 109:104719. [PMID: 33636437 PMCID: PMC8227833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although the widespread epidemic of Zika virus (ZIKV) and its neurological complications are well-known there are still no approved drugs available to treat this arboviral disease or vaccine to prevent the infection. Flavonoids from Pterogyne nitens have already demonstrated anti-flavivirus activity, although their target is unknown. In this study, we virtually screened an in-house database of 150 natural and semi-synthetic compounds against ZIKV NS2B-NS3 protease (NS2B-NS3p) using docking-based virtual screening, as part of the OpenZika project. As a result, we prioritized three flavonoids from P. nitens, quercetin, rutin and pedalitin, for experimental evaluation. We also used machine learning models, built with Assay Central® software, for predicting the activity and toxicity of these flavonoids. Biophysical and enzymatic assays generally agreed with the in silico predictions, confirming that the flavonoids inhibited ZIKV protease. The most promising hit, pedalitin, inhibited ZIKV NS2B-NS3p with an IC50 of 5 μM. In cell-based assays, pedalitin displayed significant activity at 250 and 500 µM, with slight toxicity in Vero cells. The results presented here demonstrate the potential of pedalitin as a candidate for hit-to-lead (H2L) optimization studies towards the discovery of antiviral drug candidates to treat ZIKV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Sprengel Lima
- Laboratory of Antibiotics and Chemotherapeutics (LAQ), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Melina Mottin
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug Design (LabMol), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Leticia Ribeiro de Assis
- Laboratory of Antibiotics and Chemotherapeutics (LAQ), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna Katiele de Paula Sousa
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug Design (LabMol), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Lais Durco Coimbra
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Karina Bispo-Dos- Santos
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses (LEVE), Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Kimberley M Zorn
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Rafael V C Guido
- Institute of Physics of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Sean Ekins
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Rafael Elias Marques
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Proença-Modena
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses (LEVE), Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Glaucius Oliva
- Institute of Physics of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Horta Andrade
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug Design (LabMol), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
| | - Luis Octavio Regasini
- Laboratory of Antibiotics and Chemotherapeutics (LAQ), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Barreto-Vieira DF, Couto-Lima D, Jácome FC, Caldas GC, Barth OM. Dengue, Yellow Fever, Zika and Chikungunya epidemic arboviruses in Brazil: ultrastructural aspects. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2021; 115:e200278. [PMID: 33566939 PMCID: PMC7860610 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760200278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of arbovirus cocirculation in Brazil is unknown. Dengue virus (DENV) reinfection may result in more intense viraemia or immunopathology, leading to more severe disease. The Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic in the Americas provided pathogenicity evidence that had not been previously observed in flavivirus infections. In contrast to other flaviviruses, electron microscopy studies have shown that ZIKV may replicate in viroplasm-like structures. Flaviviruses produce an ensemble of structurally different virions, collectively contributing to tissue tropism and virus dissemination. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS In this work, the Aedes albopictus mosquito cell lineage (C6/36 cells) and kidney epithelial cells from African green monkeys (Vero cells) were infected with samples of the main circulating arboviruses in Brazil [DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, DENV-4, ZIKV, Yellow Fever virus (YFV) and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV)], and ultrastructural studies by transmission electron microscopy were performed. FINDINGS We observed that ZIKV, the DENV serotypes, YFV and CHIKV particles are spherical. ZIKV, DENV-1, -2, -3 and -4 presented diameters of 40-50 nm, and CHIKV presented approximate diameters of 50-60 nm. Viroplasm-like structures was observed in ZIKV replication cycle. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The morphogenesis of these arboviruses is similar to what has been presented in previous studies. However, we understand that further studies are needed to investigate the relationship between viroplasm-like structures and ZIKV replication dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Ferreira Barreto-Vieira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Dinair Couto-Lima
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Cunha Jácome
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Gabriela Cardoso Caldas
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Ortrud Monika Barth
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Lemes RMR, Costa AJ, Bartolomeo CS, Bassani TB, Nishino MS, Pereira GJDS, Smaili SS, Maciel RMDB, Braconi CT, da Cruz EF, Ramirez AL, Maricatto JT, Janini LMR, Prado CM, Stilhano RS, Ureshino RP. 17β-estradiol reduces SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14707. [PMID: 33463909 PMCID: PMC7814496 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 has originated from Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and has been affecting the public health system, society, and economy in an unheard-of manner. There is no specific treatment or vaccine available for COVID-19. Previous data showed that men are more affected than women by COVID-19, then we hypothesized whether sex hormones could be protecting the female organism against the infection. VERO E6 cells have been commonly used as in vitro model for SARS-CoV-2 infection. In our experimental approach, we have treated VERO E6 cells with 17β-estradiol to evaluate the modulation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in this cell line. Here we demonstrated that estrogen protein receptors ERα, ERβ, and GPER1 are expressed by VERO E6 cells and could be used to study the effects of this steroid hormone. Previous and 24-hours post-infection, cells treated with 17β-estradiol revealed a reduction in the viral load. Afterward, we found that SARS-CoV-2 infection per se results in ACE2 and TMPRSS2 increased gene expression in VERO E6-cell, which could be generating a cycle of virus infection in host cells. The estrogen treatment reduces the levels of the TMPRSS2, which are involved with SARS-CoV-2 infectiveness capacity, and hence, reducing the pathogenicity/genesis. These data suggest that estrogen could be a potential therapeutic target promoting cell protection against SARS-CoV-2. This opens new possibilities for further studies on 17β-estradiol in human cell lines infected by SARS-CoV-2 and at least in part, explain why men developed a more severe COVID-19 compared to women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robertha Mariana Rodrigues Lemes
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversidade Federal de São PauloDiademaSPBrazil
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational EndocrinologyEscola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
| | - Angelica Jardim Costa
- Department of PharmacologyEscola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
| | - Cynthia Silva Bartolomeo
- Department of Physiological SciencesFaculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
- Departament of BiosciencesUniversidade Federal de São PauloSantosSPBrazil
| | - Taysa Bervian Bassani
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversidade Federal de São PauloDiademaSPBrazil
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational EndocrinologyEscola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
| | - Michelle Sayuri Nishino
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversidade Federal de São PauloDiademaSPBrazil
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational EndocrinologyEscola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
| | | | - Soraya Soubhi Smaili
- Department of PharmacologyEscola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
| | - Rui Monteiro de Barros Maciel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational EndocrinologyEscola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
- Department of MedicineEscola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
| | - Carla Torres Braconi
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and ParasitologyEscola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
| | - Edgar Ferreira da Cruz
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and ParasitologyEscola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
| | | | - Juliana Terzi Maricatto
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and ParasitologyEscola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
| | - Luiz Mario Ramos Janini
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and ParasitologyEscola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
| | - Carla Máximo Prado
- Departament of BiosciencesUniversidade Federal de São PauloSantosSPBrazil
| | - Roberta Sessa Stilhano
- Department of Physiological SciencesFaculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
| | - Rodrigo Portes Ureshino
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversidade Federal de São PauloDiademaSPBrazil
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational EndocrinologyEscola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
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Chloroquine and Sulfadoxine Derivatives Inhibit ZIKV Replication in Cervical Cells. Viruses 2020; 13:v13010036. [PMID: 33383619 PMCID: PMC7823661 DOI: 10.3390/v13010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the severe morbidity caused by Zika fever, its specific treatment is still a challenge for public health. Several research groups have investigated the drug repurposing of chloroquine. However, the highly toxic side effect induced by chloroquine paves the way for the improvement of this drug for use in Zika fever clinics. Our aim is to evaluate the anti-Zika virus (ZIKV) effect of hybrid compounds derived from chloroquine and sulfadoxine antimalarial drugs. The antiviral activity of hybrid compounds (C-Sd1 to C-Sd7) was assessed in an in-vitro model of human cervical and Vero cell lines infected with a Brazilian (BR) ZIKV strain. First, we evaluated the cytotoxic effect on cultures treated with up to 200 µM of C-Sds and observed CC50 values that ranged from 112.0 ± 1.8 to >200 µM in cervical cells and 43.2 ± 0.4 to 143.0 ± 1.3 µM in Vero cells. Then, the cultures were ZIKV-infected and treated with up to 25 µM of C-Sds for 48 h. The treatment of cervical cells with C-Sds at 12 µM induced a reduction of 79.8% ± 4.2% to 90.7% ± 1.5% of ZIKV-envelope glycoprotein expression in infected cells as compared to 36.8% ± 2.9% of infection in vehicle control. The viral load was also investigated and revealed a reduction of 2- to 3-logs of ZIKV genome copies/mL in culture supernatants compared to 6.7 ± 0.7 × 108 copies/mL in vehicle control. The dose-response curve by plaque-forming reduction (PFR) in cervical cells revealed a potent dose-dependent activity of C-Sds in inhibiting ZIKV replication, with PFR above 50% and 90% at 6 and 12 µM, respectively, while 25 µM inhibited 100% of viral progeny. The treatment of Vero cells at 12 µM led to 100% PFR, confirming the C-Sds activity in another cell type. Regarding effective concentration in cervical cells, the EC50 values ranged from 3.2 ± 0.1 to 5.0 ± 0.2 µM, and the EC90 values ranged from 7.2 ± 0.1 to 11.6 ± 0.1 µM, with selectivity index above 40 for most C-Sds, showing a good therapeutic window. Here, our aim is to investigate the anti-ZIKV activity of new hybrid compounds that show highly potent efficacy as inhibitors of ZIKV in-vitro infection. However, further studies will be needed to investigate whether these new chemical structures can lead to the improvement of chloroquine antiviral activity.
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Biological Characteristics and Patterns of Codon Usage Evolution for the African Genotype Zika Virus. Viruses 2020; 12:v12111306. [PMID: 33202554 PMCID: PMC7696518 DOI: 10.3390/v12111306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated temporal trends of codon usage changes for different host species to determine their importance in Zika virus (ZIKV) evolution. Viral spillover resulting from the potential of codon adaptation to host genome was also assessed for the African genotype ZIKV in comparison to the Asian genotype. To improve our understanding on its zoonotic maintenance, we evaluated in vitro the biological properties of the African genotype ZIKV in vertebrate and mosquito cell lines. Analyses were performed in comparison to Yellow fever virus (YFV). Despite significantly lower codon adaptation index trends than YFV, ZIKV showed evident codon adaptation to vertebrate hosts, particularly for the green African monkey Chlorocebus aethiops. PCA and CAI analyses at the individual ZIKV gene level for both human and Aedes aegypti indicated a clear distinction between the two genotypes. African ZIKV isolates showed higher virulence in mosquito cells than in vertebrate cells. Their higher replication in mosquito cells than African YFV confirmed the role of mosquitoes in the natural maintenance of the African genotype ZIKV. An analysis of individual strain growth characteristics indicated that the widely used reference strain MR766 replicates poorly in comparison to African ZIKV isolates. The recombinant African Zika virus strain ArD128000*E/NS5 may be a good model to include in studies on the mechanism of host tropism, as it cannot replicate in the tested vertebrate cell line.
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11
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Gamez S, Srivastav S, Akbari OS, Lau NC. Diverse Defenses: A Perspective Comparing Dipteran Piwi-piRNA Pathways. Cells 2020; 9:E2180. [PMID: 32992598 PMCID: PMC7601171 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals face the dual threat of virus infections hijacking cellular function and transposons proliferating in germline genomes. For insects, the deeply conserved RNA interference (RNAi) pathways and other chromatin regulators provide an important line of defense against both viruses and transposons. For example, this innate immune system displays adaptiveness to new invasions by generating cognate small RNAs for targeting gene silencing measures against the viral and genomic intruders. However, within the Dipteran clade of insects, Drosophilid fruit flies and Culicids mosquitoes have evolved several unique mechanistic aspects of their RNAi defenses to combat invading transposons and viruses, with the Piwi-piRNA arm of the RNAi pathways showing the greatest degree of novel evolution. Whereas central features of Piwi-piRNA pathways are conserved between Drosophilids and Culicids, multiple lineage-specific innovations have arisen that may reflect distinct genome composition differences and specific ecological and physiological features dividing these two branches of Dipterans. This perspective review focuses on the most recent findings illuminating the Piwi/piRNA pathway distinctions between fruit flies and mosquitoes, and raises open questions that need to be addressed in order to ameliorate human diseases caused by pathogenic viruses that mosquitoes transmit as vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Gamez
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (S.G.); (O.S.A.)
| | - Satyam Srivastav
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2703, USA;
| | - Omar S. Akbari
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (S.G.); (O.S.A.)
| | - Nelson C. Lau
- Department of Biochemistry and Genome Science Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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12
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Leier HC, Weinstein JB, Kyle JE, Lee JY, Bramer LM, Stratton KG, Kempthorne D, Navratil AR, Tafesse EG, Hornemann T, Messer WB, Dennis EA, Metz TO, Barklis E, Tafesse FG. A global lipid map defines a network essential for Zika virus replication. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3652. [PMID: 32694525 PMCID: PMC7374707 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17433-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), an arbovirus of global concern, remodels intracellular membranes to form replication sites. How ZIKV dysregulates lipid networks to allow this, and consequences for disease, is poorly understood. Here, we perform comprehensive lipidomics to create a lipid network map during ZIKV infection. We find that ZIKV significantly alters host lipid composition, with the most striking changes seen within subclasses of sphingolipids. Ectopic expression of ZIKV NS4B protein results in similar changes, demonstrating a role for NS4B in modulating sphingolipid pathways. Disruption of sphingolipid biosynthesis in various cell types, including human neural progenitor cells, blocks ZIKV infection. Additionally, the sphingolipid ceramide redistributes to ZIKV replication sites, and increasing ceramide levels by multiple pathways sensitizes cells to ZIKV infection. Thus, we identify a sphingolipid metabolic network with a critical role in ZIKV replication and show that ceramide flux is a key mediator of ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans C Leier
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Jules B Weinstein
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Jennifer E Kyle
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Joon-Yong Lee
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Lisa M Bramer
- Computing and Analytics Division, National Security Directorate, PNNL, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Kelly G Stratton
- Computing and Analytics Division, National Security Directorate, PNNL, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Douglas Kempthorne
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Center for Diversity and Inclusion, OHSU, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Aaron R Navratil
- Departments of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Endale G Tafesse
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Thorsten Hornemann
- University Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - William B Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, OHSU, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
| | - Edward A Dennis
- Departments of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Thomas O Metz
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Eric Barklis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Fikadu G Tafesse
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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13
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García CC, Vázquez CA, Giovannoni F, Russo CA, Cordo SM, Alaimo A, Damonte EB. Cellular Organelles Reorganization During Zika Virus Infection of Human Cells. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1558. [PMID: 32774331 PMCID: PMC7381349 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an enveloped positive stranded RNA virus belonging to the genus Flavivirus in the family Flaviviridae that emerged in recent decades causing pandemic outbreaks of human infections occasionally associated with severe neurological disorders in adults and newborns. The intracellular steps of flavivirus multiplication are associated to cellular membranes and their bound organelles leading to an extensive host cell reorganization. Importantly, the association of organelle dysfunction with diseases caused by several human viruses has been widely reported in recent studies. With the aim to increase the knowledge about the impact of ZIKV infection on the host cell functions, the present study was focused on the evaluation of the reorganization of three cell components, promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML-NBs), mitochondria, and lipid droplets (LDs). Relevant human cell lines including neural progenitor cells (NPCs), hepatic Huh-7, and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells were infected with the Argentina INEVH116141 ZIKV strain and the organelle alterations were studied by using fluorescent cell imaging analysis. Our results have shown that these three organelles are targeted and structurally modified during ZIKV infection. Considering the nuclear reorganization, the analysis by confocal microscopy of infected cells showed a significantly reduced number of PML-NBs in comparison to uninfected cells. Moreover, a mitochondrial morphodynamic perturbation with an increased fragmentation and the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential was observed in ZIKV infected RPE cells. Regarding lipid structures, a decrease in the number and volume of LDs was observed in ZIKV infected cells. Given the involvement of these organelles in host defense processes, the reported perturbations may be related to enhanced virus replication through protection from innate immunity. The understanding of the cellular remodeling will enable the design of new host-targeted antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cybele C García
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia A Vázquez
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Giovannoni
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Constanza A Russo
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sandra M Cordo
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Alaimo
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elsa B Damonte
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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14
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Gardinali NR, Marchevsky RS, Oliveira JM, Pelajo-Machado M, Kugelmeier T, Castro MP, Silva ACA, Pinto DP, Fonseca LB, Vilhena LS, Pereira HM, Lima SMB, Miranda EH, Trindade GF, Linhares JHR, Silva SA, Melgaço JG, Alves AMB, Moran J, Silva MCC, Soares-Bezerra RJ, Soriano A, Bentes GA, Bottino FO, Salvador Castro Faria SB, Nudelman RF, Lopes CAA, Perea JAS, Sarges K, Andrade MCR, Motta MCVA, Freire MS, Souza TML, Schmidt-Chanasit J, Pinto MA. Sofosbuvir shows a protective effect against vertical transmission of Zika virus and the associated congenital syndrome in rhesus monkeys. Antiviral Res 2020; 182:104859. [PMID: 32649965 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The outbreaks of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in Brazil, 2015-2016, were associated with severe congenital malformations. Our translational study aimed to test the efficacy of the antiviral agent sofosbuvir (SOF) against vertical transmission of ZIKV and the associated congenital syndrome (CZS), using a rhesus monkey model. Eight pregnant macaques were successfully infected during the organogenesis phase with a Brazilian ZIKV strain; five of them received SOF from two to fifteen days post-infection. Both groups of dams showed ZIKV-associated clinical signals, detectable ZIKV RNA in several specimens, specific anti-ZIKV IgM and IgG antibodies, and maternal neutralizing antibodies. However, malformations occurred only among non-treated dam offspring. Compared to non-treated animals, all SOF-treated dams had a shorter ZIKV viremia and four of five neonates had undetectable ZIKV RNA in blood and tissue samples. These results support further clinical evaluations aiming for the prevention of CZS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi R Gardinali
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renato S Marchevsky
- Laboratório de Neurovirulência, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline M Oliveira
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Pelajo-Machado
- Laboratório de Patologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Kugelmeier
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biomodelos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcio P Castro
- Centro de Diagnóstico Veterinário (CEVET), Avenida Rui Barbosa 29, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Aline C A Silva
- Serviço de Equivalência e Farmacocinética (SEFAR), Vice-Presidência de Produção e Inovação em Saúde (VPPIS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Douglas P Pinto
- Serviço de Equivalência e Farmacocinética (SEFAR), Vice-Presidência de Produção e Inovação em Saúde (VPPIS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lais B Fonseca
- Serviço de Equivalência e Farmacocinética (SEFAR), Vice-Presidência de Produção e Inovação em Saúde (VPPIS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leandro S Vilhena
- Serviço de Equivalência e Farmacocinética (SEFAR), Vice-Presidência de Produção e Inovação em Saúde (VPPIS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Heliana M Pereira
- Serviço de Equivalência e Farmacocinética (SEFAR), Vice-Presidência de Produção e Inovação em Saúde (VPPIS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sheila M B Lima
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Emily H Miranda
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gisela F Trindade
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José H R Linhares
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Stephanie A Silva
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana Gil Melgaço
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ada M B Alves
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Fisiologia de Infecções Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Julio Moran
- Dr. Julio Moran Laboratories, Vordergrüt 30, Herrliberg, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria C C Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Patógenos, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal Do ABC, Avenida Dos Estados, 5001, São Bernardo Do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rômulo J Soares-Bezerra
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andreza Soriano
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gentil A Bentes
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernanda O Bottino
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sarah Beatriz Salvador Castro Faria
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rafael F Nudelman
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biomodelos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Claudia A A Lopes
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biomodelos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Javier A S Perea
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biomodelos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Klena Sarges
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biomodelos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Márcia C R Andrade
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biomodelos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Márcia C V A Motta
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcos S Freire
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thiago M L Souza
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Gestão da Inovação em Doenças Negligenciadas (INCT/IDN), Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico Em Saúde (CDTS), Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht-Strasse 74, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcelo A Pinto
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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15
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Caldas LA, Azevedo RC, da Silva JL, de Souza W. Microscopy analysis of Zika virus morphogenesis in mammalian cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8370. [PMID: 32433502 PMCID: PMC7239924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65409-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus that recently emerged in the Americas as an important pathogen mainly because of its expanded pathogenesis, and elevated tropism for neuronal cells, transposition across the placental barrier, and replication in reproductive tract cells. Thus, transmission modes are eventually independent of an invertebrate vector, which is an atypical behavior for the flavivirus genus and indicates the need to study the replication of this virus in different cell types. Although ZIKV became a target for public health programs, the interaction of this flavivirus with the infected cell is still poorly understood. Herein, we analyzed the main stages of virus morphogenesis in mammalian cells, from establishment of the viroplasm-like zone to viral release from infected cells, using super-resolution fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy. In addition, we compared this with other host cell types and other members of the Flaviviridae family that present a similar dynamic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Ayres Caldas
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Prédio CCS, Bloco C, subsolo, CEP:21941902, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. .,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem. Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373. Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Bloco M, Unidade 3, Cidade Universitária, CEP:21941902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Renata Campos Azevedo
- Laboratório de Interação Vírus-Célula, Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Prédio CCS, Bloco I, subsolo, CEP:21941902, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jerson Lima da Silva
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Laboratório de Termodinâmica de Proteínas e Estruturas Virais Gregório Weber, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Prédio CCS, Bloco E, sala 10, Cidade Universitária, CEP:21941902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Wanderley de Souza
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Prédio CCS, Bloco C, subsolo, CEP:21941902, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem. Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373. Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Bloco M, Unidade 3, Cidade Universitária, CEP:21941902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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16
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Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) belongs to the Flavivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family. It is an arbovirus that can cause congenital abnormalities and is sexually transmissible. A series of outbreaks accompanied by unexpected severe clinical complications have captured medical attention to further characterize the clinical features of congenital ZIKV syndrome and its underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and ER-related proteins are essential in ZIKV genome replication. This review highlights the subcellular localization of ZIKV to the ER and ZIKV modulation on the architecture of the ER. This review also discusses ZIKV interaction with ER proteins such as signal peptidase complex subunit 1 (SPCS1), ER membrane complex (EMC) subunits, and ER translocon for viral replication. Furthermore, the review covers several important resulting effects of ZIKV infection to the ER and cellular processes including ER stress, reticulophagy, and paraptosis-like death. Pharmacological targeting of ZIKV-affected ER-resident proteins and ER-associated components demonstrate promising signs of combating ZIKV infection and rescuing host organisms from severe neurologic sequelae.
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17
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Zhang Y, Gao W, Li J, Wu W, Jiu Y. The Role of Host Cytoskeleton in Flavivirus Infection. Virol Sin 2019; 34:30-41. [PMID: 30725318 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-019-00086-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The family of flaviviruses is one of the most medically important groups of emerging arthropod-borne viruses. Host cell cytoskeletons have been reported to have close contact with flaviviruses during virus entry, intracellular transport, replication, and egress process, although many detailed mechanisms are still unclear. This article provides a brief overview of the function of the most prominent flaviviruses-induced or -hijacked cytoskeletal structures including actin, microtubules and intermediate filaments, mainly focus on infection by dengue virus, Zika virus and West Nile virus. We suggest that virus interaction with host cytoskeleton to be an interesting area of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jian Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Weihua Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yaming Jiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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18
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Pena LJ, Miranda Guarines K, Duarte Silva AJ, Sales Leal LR, Mendes Félix D, Silva A, de Oliveira SA, Junqueira Ayres CF, Júnior AS, de Freitas AC. In vitro and in vivo models for studying Zika virus biology. J Gen Virol 2018; 99:1529-1550. [DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lindomar José Pena
- 1Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhaes Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Klarissa Miranda Guarines
- 1Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhaes Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Anna Jéssica Duarte Silva
- 2Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy (LEMTE), Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Lígia Rosa Sales Leal
- 2Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy (LEMTE), Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Daniele Mendes Félix
- 1Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhaes Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Adalúcia Silva
- 1Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhaes Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Sheilla Andrade de Oliveira
- 3Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhaes Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Abelardo Silva Júnior
- 5Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos de Freitas
- 2Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy (LEMTE), Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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19
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Sager G, Gabaglio S, Sztul E, Belov GA. Role of Host Cell Secretory Machinery in Zika Virus Life Cycle. Viruses 2018; 10:E559. [PMID: 30326556 PMCID: PMC6213159 DOI: 10.3390/v10100559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The high human cost of Zika virus infections and the rapid establishment of virus circulation in novel areas, including the United States, present an urgent need for countermeasures against this emerging threat. The development of an effective vaccine against Zika virus may be problematic because of the cross reactivity of the antibodies with other flaviviruses leading to antibody-dependent enhancement of infection. Moreover, rapidly replicating positive strand RNA viruses, including Zika virus, generate large spectrum of mutant genomes (quasi species) every replication round, allowing rapid selection of variants resistant to drugs targeting virus-specific proteins. On the other hand, viruses are ultimate cellular parasites and rely on the host metabolism for every step of their life cycle, thus presenting an opportunity to manipulate host processes as an alternative approach to suppress virus replication and spread. Zika and other flaviviruses critically depend on the cellular secretory pathway, which transfers proteins and membranes from the ER through the Golgi to the plasma membrane, for virion assembly, maturation and release. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of interactions of Zika and similar arthropod-borne flaviviruses with the cellular secretory machinery with a special emphasis on virus-specific changes of the secretory pathway. Identification of the regulatory networks and effector proteins required to accommodate the trafficking of virions, which represent a highly unusual cargo for the secretory pathway, may open an attractive and virtually untapped reservoir of alternative targets for the development of superior anti-viral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett Sager
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294, UK.
| | - Samuel Gabaglio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Sztul
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294, UK.
| | - George A Belov
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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20
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Beaver JT, Lelutiu N, Habib R, Skountzou I. Evolution of Two Major Zika Virus Lineages: Implications for Pathology, Immune Response, and Vaccine Development. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1640. [PMID: 30072993 PMCID: PMC6058022 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) became a public health emergency of global concern in 2015 due to its rapid expansion from French Polynesia to Brazil, spreading quickly throughout the Americas. Its unexpected correlation to neurological impairments and defects, now known as congenital Zika syndrome, brought on an urgency to characterize the pathology and develop safe, effective vaccines. ZIKV genetic analyses have identified two major lineages, Asian and African, which have undergone substantial changes during the past 50 years. Although ZIKV infections have been circulating throughout Africa and Asia for the later part of the 20th century, the symptoms were mild and not associated with serious pathology until now. ZIKV evolution also took the form of novel modes of transmission, including maternal-fetal transmission, sexual transmission, and transmission through the eye. The African and Asian lineages have demonstrated differential pathogenesis and molecular responses in vitro and in vivo. The limited number of human infections prior to the 21st century restricted ZIKV research to in vitro studies, but current animal studies utilize mice deficient in type I interferon (IFN) signaling in order to invoke enhanced viral pathogenesis. This review examines ZIKV strain differences from an evolutionary perspective, discussing how these differentially impact pathogenesis via host immune responses that modulate IFN signaling, and how these differential effects dictate the future of ZIKV vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ioanna Skountzou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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21
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Clain E, Sinigaglia L, Koishi AC, Gorgette O, Gadea G, Viranaicken W, Krejbich-Trotot P, Mavingui P, Desprès P, Nunes Duarte Dos Santos C, Guiraud P, Jouvenet N, El Kalamouni C. Extract from Aphloia theiformis, an edible indigenous plant from Reunion Island, impairs Zika virus attachment to the host cell surface. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10856. [PMID: 30022045 PMCID: PMC6052117 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29183-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The mosquito-borne Zika virus (ZIKV) belongs to the flavivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family. Contemporary epidemic strains of ZIKV are associated with congenital malformations in infants, including microcephaly, as well as Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. A risk of human-to-human transmission of ZIKV is also well documented. A worldwide research effort has been undertaken to identify safe and effective strategies to prevent or treat ZIKV infection. We show here that extract from Aphloia theiformis, an edible endemic plant from Indian Ocean islands, exerts a potent antiviral effect against ZIKV strains of African and Asian lineages, including epidemic strains. The antiviral effect of A. theiformis extract was extended to clinical isolates of dengue virus (DENV) of the four serotypes in human hepatocytes. A. theiformis inhibited virus entry in host cells by acting directly on viral particles, thus impairing their attachment to the cell surface. Electron microscopic observations revealed that organization of ZIKV particles was severely affected by A. theiformis. We propose a model of antiviral action for A. theiformis against flaviviruses that highlights the potential of medicinal plants as promising sources of naturally-derived antiviral compounds to prevent ZIKV and DENV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Clain
- Université de La Réunion, UM134 Processus Infectieux Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97490, Sainte, Clotilde, France
| | - Laura Sinigaglia
- UMR CNRS 3569, Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, Pasteur Institute, 75724, Paris, France
| | - Andrea Cristine Koishi
- Laboratorio de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, ICC/FIOCRUZ/PR, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Olivier Gorgette
- Ultrastructural BioImaging (UTechsUBI), Pasteur Institute, 75724, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Gadea
- Université de La Réunion, UM134 Processus Infectieux Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97490, Sainte, Clotilde, France
| | - Wildriss Viranaicken
- Université de La Réunion, UM134 Processus Infectieux Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97490, Sainte, Clotilde, France
| | - Pascale Krejbich-Trotot
- Université de La Réunion, UM134 Processus Infectieux Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97490, Sainte, Clotilde, France
| | - Patrick Mavingui
- Université de La Réunion, UM134 Processus Infectieux Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97490, Sainte, Clotilde, France
| | - Philippe Desprès
- Université de La Réunion, UM134 Processus Infectieux Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97490, Sainte, Clotilde, France
| | | | - Pascale Guiraud
- Université de La Réunion, UM134 Processus Infectieux Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97490, Sainte, Clotilde, France
| | - Nolwenn Jouvenet
- UMR CNRS 3569, Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, Pasteur Institute, 75724, Paris, France
| | - Chaker El Kalamouni
- Université de La Réunion, UM134 Processus Infectieux Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97490, Sainte, Clotilde, France.
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22
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Liu J, Kline BA, Kenny TA, Smith DR, Soloveva V, Beitzel B, Pang S, Lockett S, Hess HF, Palacios G, Kuhn JH, Sun MG, Zeng X. A novel sheet-like virus particle array is a hallmark of Zika virus infection. Emerg Microbes Infect 2018; 7:69. [PMID: 29691373 PMCID: PMC5915449 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0071-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging flavivirus that caused thousands of human infections in recent years. Compared to other human flaviviruses, ZIKV replication is not well understood. Using fluorescent, transmission electron, and focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy, we examined ZIKV replication dynamics in Vero 76 cells and in the brains of infected laboratory mice. We observed the progressive development of a perinuclear flaviviral replication factory both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, we illustrated the ZIKV lifecycle from particle cell entry to egress. ZIKV particles assembled and aggregated in an induced convoluted membrane structure and ZIKV strain-specific membranous vesicles. While most mature virus particles egressed via membrane budding, some particles also likely trafficked through late endosomes and egressed through membrane abscission. Interestingly, we consistently observed a novel sheet-like virus particle array consisting of a single layer of ZIKV particles. Our study further defines ZIKV replication and identifies a novel hallmark of ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Brandon A Kline
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Tara A Kenny
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Darci R Smith
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Veronica Soloveva
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Brett Beitzel
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Song Pang
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA
| | - Stephen Lockett
- Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Harald F Hess
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA
| | - Gustavo Palacios
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Jens H Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Mei G Sun
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Xiankun Zeng
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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