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Woodall MNJ, Cujba AM, Worlock KB, Case KM, Masonou T, Yoshida M, Polanski K, Huang N, Lindeboom RGH, Mamanova L, Bolt L, Richardson L, Cakir B, Ellis S, Palor M, Burgoyne T, Pinto A, Moulding D, McHugh TD, Saleh A, Kilich E, Mehta P, O'Callaghan C, Zhou J, Barclay W, De Coppi P, Butler CR, Cortina-Borja M, Vinette H, Roy S, Breuer J, Chambers RC, Heywood WE, Mills K, Hynds RE, Teichmann SA, Meyer KB, Nikolić MZ, Smith CM. Age-specific nasal epithelial responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:1293-1311. [PMID: 38622380 PMCID: PMC11087271 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01658-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Children infected with SARS-CoV-2 rarely progress to respiratory failure. However, the risk of mortality in infected people over 85 years of age remains high. Here we investigate differences in the cellular landscape and function of paediatric (<12 years), adult (30-50 years) and older adult (>70 years) ex vivo cultured nasal epithelial cells in response to infection with SARS-CoV-2. We show that cell tropism of SARS-CoV-2, and expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in nasal epithelial cell subtypes, differ between age groups. While ciliated cells are viral replication centres across all age groups, a distinct goblet inflammatory subtype emerges in infected paediatric cultures and shows high expression of interferon-stimulated genes and incomplete viral replication. In contrast, older adult cultures infected with SARS-CoV-2 show a proportional increase in basaloid-like cells, which facilitate viral spread and are associated with altered epithelial repair pathways. We confirm age-specific induction of these cell types by integrating data from in vivo COVID-19 studies and validate that our in vitro model recapitulates early epithelial responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kaylee B Worlock
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Tereza Masonou
- Great Ormond Street UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Masahiro Yoshida
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Ni Huang
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Liam Bolt
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Samuel Ellis
- Great Ormond Street UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Machaela Palor
- Great Ormond Street UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Thomas Burgoyne
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Andreia Pinto
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Dale Moulding
- Great Ormond Street UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Timothy D McHugh
- UCL Centre for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Aarash Saleh
- Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Eliz Kilich
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Puja Mehta
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Wendy Barclay
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Great Ormond Street UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Colin R Butler
- Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Epithelial Cell Biology in ENT Research (EpiCENTR) Group, Developmental Biology and Cancer Department, Great Ormond Street UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Heloise Vinette
- Great Ormond Street UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Sunando Roy
- Great Ormond Street UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Judith Breuer
- Great Ormond Street UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Rachel C Chambers
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Wendy E Heywood
- Great Ormond Street UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Kevin Mills
- Great Ormond Street UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Robert E Hynds
- Epithelial Cell Biology in ENT Research (EpiCENTR) Group, Developmental Biology and Cancer Department, Great Ormond Street UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.
- Theory of Condensed Matter, Cavendish Laboratory/Dept Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | | | - Marko Z Nikolić
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK.
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Claire M Smith
- Great Ormond Street UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
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Kryvenko V, Vadász I. Alveolar-capillary endocytosis and trafficking in acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1360370. [PMID: 38533500 PMCID: PMC10963603 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1360370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high morbidity and mortality but lacks specific therapeutic options. Diverse endocytic processes play a key role in all phases of acute lung injury (ALI), including the initial insult, development of respiratory failure due to alveolar flooding, as a consequence of altered alveolar-capillary barrier function, as well as in the resolution or deleterious remodeling after injury. In particular, clathrin-, caveolae-, endophilin- and glycosylphosphatidyl inositol-anchored protein-mediated endocytosis, as well as, macropinocytosis and phagocytosis have been implicated in the setting of acute lung damage. This manuscript reviews our current understanding of these endocytic pathways and subsequent intracellular trafficking in various phases of ALI, and also aims to identify potential therapeutic targets for patients with ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalii Kryvenko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- The Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Giessen, Germany
| | - István Vadász
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- The Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Giessen, Germany
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3
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Pan W, An S, Dai L, Xu S, Liu D, Wang L, Zhang R, Wang F, Wang Z. Identification of Potential Differentially-Methylated/Expressed Genes in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. COPD 2023; 20:44-54. [PMID: 36655999 DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2022.2158324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs. DNA methylation can regulate gene expression. Understanding the potential molecular mechanism of COPD is of great importance. The aim of this study was to find differentially methylated/expressed genes in COPD. DNA methylation and gene expression profiles in COPD were downloaded from the dataset, followed by functional analysis of differentially-methylated/expressed genes. The potential diagnostic value of these differentially-methylated/expressed genes was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Expression validation of differentially-methylated/expressed genes was performed by in vitro experiment and extra online datasets. Totally, 81 hypermethylated-low expression genes and 121 hypomethylated-high expression genes were found in COPD. Among which, 9 core hypermethylated-low expression genes (CD247, CCR7, CD5, IKZF1, SLAMF1, IL2RB, CD3E, CD7 and IL7R) and 8 core hypomethylated-high expression genes (TREM1, AQP9, CD300LF, CLEC12A, NOD2, IRAK3, NLRP3 and LYZ) were identified in the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Moreover, these genes had a potential diagnostic utility for COPD. Some signaling pathways were identified in COPD, including T cell receptor signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, hematopoietic cell lineage, HTLV-I infection, endocytosis and Jak-STAT signaling pathway. In conclusion, differentially-methylated/expressed genes and involved signaling pathways are likely to be associated with the process of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Qingdao Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shuyuan An
- Department of Cardiology, Qingdao Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lina Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Qingdao Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shuo Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Qingdao Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lizhi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Qingdao Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ruixue Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Qingdao Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Fengliang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Qingdao Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zongling Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Qingdao Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Ahmed FF, Das AD, Sumi MJ, Islam MZ, Rahman MS, Rashid MH, Alyami SA, Alotaibi N, Azad AKM, Moni MA. Identification of genetic biomarkers, drug targets and agents for respiratory diseases utilising integrated bioinformatics approaches. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19072. [PMID: 37925496 PMCID: PMC10625598 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46455-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory diseases (RD) are significant public health burdens and malignant diseases worldwide. However, the RD-related biological information and interconnection still need to be better understood. Thus, this study aims to detect common differential genes and potential hub genes (HubGs), emphasizing their actions, signaling pathways, regulatory biomarkers for diagnosing RD and candidate drugs for treating RD. In this paper we used integrated bioinformatics approaches (such as, gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulation and network-based molecular interaction analysis). We discovered 73 common DEGs (CDEGs) and ten HubGs (ATAD2B, PPP1CB, FOXO1, AKT3, BCR, PDE4D, ITGB1, PCBP2, CD44 and SMARCA2). Several significant functions and signaling pathways were strongly related to RD. We recognized six transcription factor (TF) proteins (FOXC1, GATA2, FOXL1, YY1, POU2F2 and HINFP) and five microRNAs (hsa-mir-218-5p, hsa-mir-335-5p, hsa-mir-16-5p, hsa-mir-106b-5p and hsa-mir-15b-5p) as the important transcription and post-transcription regulators of RD. Ten HubGs and six major TF proteins were considered drug-specific receptors. Their binding energy analysis study was carried out with the 63 drug agents detected from network analysis. Finally, the five complexes (the PDE4D-benzo[a]pyrene, SMARCA2-benzo[a]pyrene, HINFP-benzo[a]pyrene, CD44-ketotifen and ATAD2B-ponatinib) were selected for RD based on their strong binding affinity scores and stable performance as the most probable repurposable protein-drug complexes. We believe our findings will give readers, wet-lab scientists, and pharmaceuticals a thorough grasp of the biology behind RD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fee Faysal Ahmed
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh.
| | - Arnob Dip Das
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Mst Joynab Sumi
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Md Zohurul Islam
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
- High Performance Computing (HPC) Laboratory, Department of Mathematics, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahedur Rahman
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
- Bioinformatics and Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Md Harun Rashid
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Salem A Alyami
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), 13318, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Alotaibi
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), 13318, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A K M Azad
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), 13318, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Ali Moni
- Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
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5
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Hapsari BDA, Melita M, Ismail AR, Djatmika FNT. A large primary lung abscess due to Klebsiella oxytoca: How critical the combination between early antibiotic therapy and bronchoscopy? NARRA J 2023; 3:e169. [PMID: 38450261 PMCID: PMC10916413 DOI: 10.52225/narra.v3i2.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Lung abscess is a microbial infection that can cause necrosis of the lung tissue and formation of cavities. Antibiotics and bronchoscopy are needed in the management of large lung abscess to prevent further complications. However, some of the cases have poor clinical improvement. The aim of this case report was to describe a patient with large lung abscess who had well responded to antibiotic therapy combined with bronchoscopy drainage. We reported a 55-year-old man with a lung abscess presented with initial symptom of acute productive cough for two weeks. Chest computed tomography (CT) scan with contrast of patient indicated a massive abscess on the right lung segment with a size of 10.9 × 10.41 × 8 cm. Laboratory examination showed leukocytosis. Bronchoscopy was performed as a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure. Antibiotic resistance test was conducted from bronchoalveolar lavage sample to determine the most suitable antibiotics for the patient. The culture yielded a positive for Klebsiella oxytoca that was resistant to ampicillin and cefazolin. The bacterium was sensitive to piperacillin-tazobactam, aztreonam, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, ertapenem, cefepime, nitrofurantoin, meropenem, amikacin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, tigecycline, trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole, and levofloxacin. Levofloxacin 750 mg injection was given for 14 days followed with oral levofloxacin 500 mg once a day for four weeks and bronchoscopy to stop the microbial infection process in the lung tissues. Lung abscess reduced significantly and the patient was followed until recovered. In conclusion, early combination therapy of adequate antibiotics and bronchoscopy is effective in treating a massive lung abscess caused by Klebsiella oxytoca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitta DA. Hapsari
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta,Indonesia
| | - Melita Melita
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta,Indonesia
| | - Affan R. Ismail
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
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6
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Wu W, Zhang W, Alexandar JS, Booth JL, Miller CA, Xu C, Metcalf JP. RIG-I agonist SLR10 promotes macrophage M1 polarization during influenza virus infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1177624. [PMID: 37475869 PMCID: PMC10354434 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1177624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale A family of short synthetic, triphosphorylated stem-loop RNAs (SLRs) have been designed to activate the retinoic-acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) pathway and induce a potent interferon (IFN) response, which may have therapeutic potential. We investigated immune response modulation by SLR10. We addressed whether RIG-I pathway activation with SLR10 leads to protection of nonsmoking (NS) and cigarette smoke (CS)-exposed mice after influenza A virus (IAV) infection. Methods Mice were given 25 µg of SLR10 1 day before IAV infection. We compared the survival rates and host immune responses of NS and CS-exposed mice following challenge with IAV. Results SLR10 significantly decreased weight loss and increased survival rates in both NS and CS-exposed mice during IAV infection. SLR10 administration repaired the impaired proinflammatory response in CS-exposed mice without causing more lung injury in NS mice as assessed by physiologic measurements. Although histopathologic study revealed that SLR10 administration was likely to result in higher pathological scores than untreated groups in both NS and CS mice, this change was not enough to increase lung injury evaluated by lung-to-body weight ratio. Both qRT-PCR on lung tissues and multiplex immunoassay on bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs) showed that most IFNs and proinflammatory cytokines were expressed at lower levels in SLR10-treated NS mice than control-treaded NS mice at day 5 post infection (p.i.). Remarkably, proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-12, and GM-CSF were increased in CS-exposed mice by SLR10 at day 5 p.i. Significantly, SLR10 elevated the ratio of the two chemokines (CXCL9 and CCL17) in BALFs, suggesting macrophages were polarized to classically activated (M1) status. In vitro testing also found that SLR10 not only stimulated human alveolar macrophage polarization to an M1 phenotype, but also reversed cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced M2 to M1 polarization. Conclusions Our data show that SLR10 administration in mice is protective for both NS and CS-exposed IAV-infected mice. Mechanistically, SLR10 treatment promoted M1 macrophage polarization in the lung during influenza infection. The protective effects by SLR10 may be a promising intervention for therapy for infections with viruses, particularly those with CS-enhanced susceptibility to adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Wu
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Jeremy S. Alexandar
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - J. Leland Booth
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Craig A. Miller
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Jordan P. Metcalf
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Pulmonary Section, Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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Wu X, Li RF, Lin ZS, Xiao C, Liu B, Mai KL, Zhou HX, Zeng DY, Cheng S, Weng YC, Zhao J, Chen RF, Jiang HM, Chen LP, Deng LZ, Xie PF, Yang WM, Xia XS, Yang ZF. Coinfection with influenza virus and non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae aggregates inflammatory lung injury and alters gut microbiota in COPD mice. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1137369. [PMID: 37065141 PMCID: PMC10098174 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1137369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAcute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is associated with high mortality rates. Viral and bacterial coinfection is the primary cause of AECOPD. How coinfection with these microbes influences host inflammatory response and the gut microbiota composition is not entirely understood.MethodsWe developed a mouse model of AECOPD by cigarette smoke exposure and sequential infection with influenza H1N1 virus and non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). Viral and bacterial titer was determined using MDCK cells and chocolate agar plates, respectively. The levels of cytokines, adhesion molecules, and inflammatory cells in the lungs were measured using Bio-Plex and flow cytometry assays. Gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Correlations between cytokines and gut microbiota were determined using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient test.ResultsCoinfection with H1N1 and NTHi resulted in more severe lung injury, higher mortality, declined lung function in COPD mice. H1N1 enhanced NTHi growth in the lungs, but NTHi had no effect on H1N1. In addition, coinfection increased the levels of cytokines and adhesion molecules, as well as immune cells including total and M1 macrophages, neutrophils, monocytes, NK cells, and CD4 + T cells. In contrast, alveolar macrophages were depleted. Furthermore, coinfection caused a decline in the diversity of gut bacteria. Muribaculaceae, Lactobacillus, Akkermansia, Lachnospiraceae, and Rikenella were further found to be negatively correlated with cytokine levels, whereas Bacteroides was positively correlated.ConclusionCoinfection with H1N1 and NTHi causes a deterioration in COPD mice due to increased lung inflammation, which is correlated with dysbiosis of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Run-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Shi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuang Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai-Lin Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - De-You Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Sha Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yun-Ceng Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Ming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Zhu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei-Fang Xie
- The Affiliated Anning First Hospital and Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Wei-Min Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Wei-Min Yang,
| | - Xue-Shan Xia
- The Affiliated Anning First Hospital and Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Xue-Shan Xia,
| | - Zi-Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Zi-Feng Yang,
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8
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Chavez JR, Yao W, Dulin H, Castellanos J, Xu D, Hai R. Modeling the effects of cigarette smoke extract on influenza B virus infections in mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1083251. [PMID: 37033954 PMCID: PMC10076604 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1083251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza B virus (IBV) is a major respiratory viral pathogen. Due to a lack of pandemic potential for IBV, there is a lag in research on IBV pathology and immunological responses compared to IAV. Therefore, the impact of various lifestyle and environmental factors on IBV infections, such as cigarette smoking (CS), remains elusive. Despite the increased risk and severity of IAV infections with CS, limited information exists on the impact of CS on IBV infections due to the absence of suitable animal models. To this end, we developed an animal model system by pre-treating mice for two weeks with cigarette smoke extract (CSE), then infected them with IBV and monitored the resulting pathological, immunological, and virological effects. Our results reveal that the CSE treatment decreased IBV specific IgG levels yet did not change viral replication in the upper airway/the lung, and weight recovery post infection. However, higher concentrations of CSE did result in higher mortality post infection. Together, this suggests that CS induced inflammation coupled with IBV infection resulted in exacerbated disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerald R. Chavez
- Department of Microbiology and Plant-pathology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Wangyuan Yao
- Department of Microbiology and Plant-pathology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Harrison Dulin
- Department of Microbiology and Plant-pathology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Jasmine Castellanos
- Department of Microbiology and Plant-pathology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Duo Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Plant-pathology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Rong Hai
- Department of Microbiology and Plant-pathology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
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9
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Buscetta M, Cristaldi M, Cimino M, La Mensa A, Dino P, Bucchieri F, Rappa F, Amato S, Aronica TS, Pace E, Bertani A, Cipollina C. Cigarette smoke promotes inflammasome-independent activation of caspase-1 and -4 leading to gasdermin D cleavage in human macrophages. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22525. [PMID: 36004615 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200837r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms and consequences of gasdermin D (GSDMD) activation in cigarette smoke (CS)-associated inflammation and lung disease are unknown. GSDMD is a downstream effector of caspase-1, -8, and -4. Upon cleavage, GSDMD generates pores into cell membranes. Different degrees of GSDMD activation are associated with a range of physiological outputs ranging from cell hyperactivation to pyroptosis. We have previously reported that in human monocyte-derived macrophages CS extract (CSE) inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome and shifts the response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) towards the TLR4-TRIF axis leading to activation of caspase-8, which, in turn, activates caspase-1. In the present work, we investigated whether other ASC-dependent inflammasomes could be involved in caspase activation by CSE and whether caspase activation led to GSDMD cleavage and other downstream effects. Presented results demonstrate that CSE promoted ASC-independent activation of caspase-1 leading to GSDMD cleavage and increased cell permeability, in the absence of cell death. GSDMD cleavage was strongly enhanced upon stimulation with LPS+CSE, suggesting a synergistic effect between the two stimuli. Noteworthy, CSE promoted LPS internalization leading to caspase-4 activation, thus contributing to increased GSDMD cleavage. Caspase-dependent GSDMD cleavage was associated with mitochondrial superoxide generation. Increased cleaved GSDMD was found in lung macrophages of smokers compared to ex-smokers and non-smoking controls. Our findings revealed that ASC-independent activation of caspase-1, -4, and -8 and GSDMD cleavage upon exposure to CS may contribute to macrophage dysfunction and feed the chronic inflammation observed in the smokers' lung.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Agnese La Mensa
- Fondazione RiMED, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Dino
- Fondazione RiMED, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Bucchieri
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Rappa
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Santina Amato
- Azienda di Rilievo Nazionale ed Alta Specializzazione Ospedali (A.R.N.A.S) "Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli", Palermo, Italy
| | - Tommaso Silvano Aronica
- Azienda di Rilievo Nazionale ed Alta Specializzazione Ospedali (A.R.N.A.S) "Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli", Palermo, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pace
- Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale (IFT)-CNR, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Cipollina
- Fondazione RiMED, Palermo, Italy.,Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale (IFT)-CNR, Palermo, Italy
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10
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Zhong R, Zhang Q, Qiu Y, Chen L, Xie J, Chen Y, Zou Y, Zhu L, Tong L, Zou Y, Wang W, Zhou Y. Results of the Adult COVID-19 Lifestyle Matching Study. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604329. [PMID: 35250431 PMCID: PMC8895323 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of our case-control study was to find the influence of lifestyle and comorbidities on COVID-19 susceptibility, identify risk factors and protective factors, and identify ways to encourage people to adopt a healthy lifestyle. Methods: Patients with COVID-19 were matched with non-COVID-19 participants in a ratio of 1:2. Univariate analysis was performed using the chi-square test, and multivariate analysis was performed using conditional logistic regression. Results: Multivariate analysis using conditional logistic regression found that alcohol consumption (AC) and a bland diet increased the risk of COVID-19, while college degrees and above, smoking, drinking tea, and exercise, especially walking, significantly reduced the risk of COVID-19. Conclusion: After removing the effects of demographic factors, the study demonstrated that AC significantly reduced the ability of the body to resist COVID-19 infection. Moreover, following a bland diet increased the susceptibility to COVID-19. Notably, people who drank tea and performed regular exercises, especially walking, were significantly less likely to be infected with COVID-19. College degree or above relative illiteracy is COVID-19 protective factors of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhong
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | | | - Yanfang Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Hunan, China
| | - Lingxia Chen
- Yueyang Central Hospital, Yueyang, China
- *Correspondence: Lingxia Chen, ; Wei Wang,
| | - Jianghua Xie
- School of Nursing, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yongjun Chen
- Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yajiao Zou
- Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- School of Nursing, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Li Tong
- The First People’s Hospital of Changde City, Changde, China
| | - Yanhui Zou
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Lingxia Chen, ; Wei Wang,
| | - Yuhua Zhou
- Yueyang City Junshan District the People Hospital, Yueyang, China
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11
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Chavez J, Hai R. Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Influenza Virus/Host Interplay. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10121636. [PMID: 34959590 PMCID: PMC8704216 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking has been shown to increase the risk of respiratory infection, resulting in the exacerbation of infectious disease outcomes. Influenza viruses are a major respiratory viral pathogen, which are responsible for yearly epidemics that result in between 20,000 and 50,000 deaths in the US alone. However, there are limited general summaries on the impact of cigarette smoking on influenza pathogenic outcomes. Here, we will provide a systematic summarization of the current understanding of the interplay of smoking and influenza viral infection with a focus on examining how cigarette smoking affects innate and adaptive immune responses, inflammation levels, tissues that contribute to systemic chronic inflammation, and how this affects influenza A virus (IAV) disease outcomes. This summarization will: (1) help to clarify the conflict in the reports on viral pathogenicity; (2) fill knowledge gaps regarding critical anti-viral defenses such as antibody responses to IAV; and (3) provide an updated understanding of the underlying mechanism behind how cigarette smoking influences IAV pathogenicity.
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12
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Kostoff RN, Briggs MB, Kanduc D, Shores DR, Kovatsi L, Drakoulis N, Porter AL, Tsatsakis A, Spandidos DA. Contributing factors common to COVID‑19 and gastrointestinal cancer. Oncol Rep 2021; 47:16. [PMID: 34779496 PMCID: PMC8611322 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The devastating complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) result from the dysfunctional immune response of an individual following the initial severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Multiple toxic stressors and behaviors contribute to underlying immune system dysfunction. SARS-CoV-2 exploits the dysfunctional immune system to trigger a chain of events, ultimately leading to COVID-19. The authors have previously identified a number of contributing factors (CFs) common to myriad chronic diseases. Based on these observations, it was hypothesized that there may be a significant overlap between CFs associated with COVID-19 and gastrointestinal cancer (GIC). Thus, in the present study, a streamlined dot-product approach was used initially to identify potential CFs that affect COVID-19 and GIC directly (i.e., the simultaneous occurrence of CFs and disease in the same article). The nascent character of the COVID-19 core literature (~1-year-old) did not allow sufficient time for the direct effects of numerous CFs on COVID-19 to emerge from laboratory experiments and epidemiological studies. Therefore, a literature-related discovery approach was used to augment the COVID-19 core literature-based ‘direct impact’ CFs with discovery-based ‘indirect impact’ CFs [CFs were identified in the non-COVID-19 biomedical literature that had the same biomarker impact pattern (e.g., hyperinflammation, hypercoagulation, hypoxia, etc.) as was shown in the COVID-19 literature]. Approximately 2,250 candidate direct impact CFs in common between GIC and COVID-19 were identified, albeit some being variants of the same concept. As commonality proof of concept, 75 potential CFs that appeared promising were selected, and 63 overlapping COVID-19/GIC potential/candidate CFs were validated with biological plausibility. In total, 42 of the 63 were overlapping direct impact COVID-19/GIC CFs, and the remaining 21 were candidate GIC CFs that overlapped with indirect impact COVID-19 CFs. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that COVID-19 and GIC share a number of common risk/CFs, including behaviors and toxic exposures, that impair immune function. A key component of immune system health is the removal of those factors that contribute to immune system dysfunction in the first place. This requires a paradigm shift from traditional Western medicine, which often focuses on treatment, rather than prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Neil Kostoff
- School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, Gainesville, VA 20155, USA
| | | | - Darja Kanduc
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, I‑70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Darla Roye Shores
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Leda Kovatsi
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Drakoulis
- Research Group of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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13
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Wu X, Zhang H, Chen J. Comprehensive expectoration nursing in elderly patients with pulmonary infection and its influence on respiratory function. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:12965-12972. [PMID: 34956512 PMCID: PMC8661149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of comprehensive expectoration nursing in elderly patients with pulmonary infection and its influence on respiratory function. METHODS Clinical data of 88 elderly patients with pulmonary infection treated in our hospital from March 2018 to May 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. During treatment, 40 patients receiving conventional nursing mode were included in the control group (CG), and 48 with comprehensive expectoration nursing were included in the observation group (OG). The number of patients with spontaneous expectoration, assisted expectoration and sputum aspiration one week after nursing, the related indices of blood oxygen and lung function before and after nursing, and the sputum excretion volume, respiratory rate and neutrophils one week after nursing, were compared between the two groups. The hospitalization time, expenses, patients' quality of life after nursing and nursing satisfaction were also compared between the two groups. RESULTS Compared with the CG, the hospitalization time and expenses of patients in OG were obviously lower, while the effective rate of sputum excretion was obviously higher after nursing. The blood oxygen, lung function, sputum excretion volume, respiratory rate and neutrophil recovery in OG were obviously better than those in CG. Meanwhile, compared with the CG, the quality of life and nursing satisfaction of patients in OG were obviously higher after nursing. CONCLUSION Comprehensive expectoration nursing in elderly patients with pulmonary infection has better effect and is able to effectively improve their respiratory function, quality of life and nursing satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wu
- Geriatric and General Medicine Department, Nantong First People’s HospitalNantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - He Zhang
- Radiological Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Geriatric and General Medicine Department, Nantong First People’s HospitalNantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
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14
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Chen T, Yasen Y, Wu J, Cheng H. Factors influencing lower respiratory tract infection in older patients after general anesthesia. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211043245. [PMID: 34521241 PMCID: PMC8447098 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211043245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Pulmonary complication is common in older patients after surgery. We analyzed
risk factors of lower respiratory tract infection after general anesthesia
among older patients. Methods In this retrospective investigation, we included older patients who underwent
surgery with general anesthesia. Logistic regression analyses were performed
to determine risk factors of lower respiratory tract infection. Results A total 418 postoperative patients with general anesthesia were included; the
incidence of lower respiratory tract infection was 9.33%. Ten cases were
caused by gram-positive bacteria, 26 cases by gram-negative bacteria, and 2
cases by fungus. We found significant differences in age, smoking, diabetes,
oral/nasal tracheal intubation, and surgery duration. Logistic regression
analysis indicated that age ≥70 years (odds ratio [OR] 2.028, 95% confidence
interval [CI] 1.115–3.646), smoking (OR 2.314, 95% CI 1.073–4.229), diabetes
(OR 2.185, 95% CI 1.166–4.435), nasotracheal intubation (OR 3.528, 95% CI
1.104–5.074), and duration of surgery ≥180 minutes (OR 1.334, 95% CI
1.015–1.923) were independent risk factors of lower respiratory tract
infections. Conclusions Older patients undergoing general anesthesia after tracheal intubation have a
high risk of lower respiratory tract infections. Clinical interventions
should be provided to prevent pulmonary infections in patients with relevant
risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yali Yasen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jianjiang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Hu Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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15
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Kotlyarov S, Kotlyarova A. Molecular Mechanisms of Lipid Metabolism Disorders in Infectious Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7634. [PMID: 34299266 PMCID: PMC8308003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exacerbations largely determine the character of the progression and prognosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Exacerbations are connected with changes in the microbiological landscape in the bronchi due to a violation of their immune homeostasis. Many metabolic and immune processes involved in COPD progression are associated with bacterial colonization of the bronchi. The objective of this review is the analysis of the molecular mechanisms of lipid metabolism and immune response disorders in the lungs in COPD exacerbations. The complex role of lipid metabolism disorders in the pathogenesis of some infections is only beginning to be understood, however, there are already fewer and fewer doubts even now about its significance both in the pathogenesis of infectious exacerbations of COPD and in general in the progression of the disease. It is shown that the lipid rafts of the plasma membranes of cells are involved in many processes related to the detection of pathogens, signal transduction, the penetration of pathogens into the cell. Smoking disrupts the normally proceeded processes of lipid metabolism in the lungs, which is a part of the COPD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
| | - Anna Kotlyarova
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia;
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16
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Exploring the Mystery of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme II (ACE2) in the Battle against SARS-CoV-2. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2021; 2021:9939929. [PMID: 34285711 PMCID: PMC8265022 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9939929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is the newly born pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is the recently emerged betacoronavirus that crosses the species barrier. It predominantly infects pneumocytes of the respiratory tract, but due to the presence of angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) on other cells like surface enterocytes of the upper esophagus and colon, these are also considered as the primary sites of infection. ACE2 receptor served as a cellular entry point for SARS-CoV-2. The expression of the ACE2 receptors is regulated by several factors such as age, tobacco smoking, inflammatory signaling, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), tuberculosis, cerebrovascular disease, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes). Therefore, scientists are trying to explore the in-depth knowledge of ACE2 and considered it as a potential indirect target for COVID-19 therapeutics. In this focused review, we discussed in detail ACE2 expressions and regulation by different factors in the primary or vulnerable sites of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Clinical trials of rhACE2 in COVID-19 patients are ongoing, and if the outcome of the trials proves positive, it will be a breakthrough for the management of COVID-19. Finally, we suggest that targeting the ACE2 (a master regulator) in a balanced way could serve as a potential option against the management of COVID-19.
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17
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Issa H, Eid AH, Berry B, Takhviji V, Khosravi A, Mantash S, Nehme R, Hallal R, Karaki H, Dhayni K, Faour WH, Kobeissy F, Nehme A, Zibara K. Combination of Angiotensin (1-7) Agonists and Convalescent Plasma as a New Strategy to Overcome Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) Inhibition for the Treatment of COVID-19. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:620990. [PMID: 33816521 PMCID: PMC8012486 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.620990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently the most concerning health problem worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 infects cells by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). It is believed that the differential response to SARS-CoV-2 is correlated with the differential expression of ACE2. Several reports proposed the use of ACE2 pharmacological inhibitors and ACE2 antibodies to block viral entry. However, ACE2 inhibition is associated with lung and cardiovascular pathology and would probably increase the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Therefore, utilizing ACE2 soluble analogs to block viral entry while rescuing ACE2 activity has been proposed. Despite their protective effects, such analogs can form a circulating reservoir of the virus, thus accelerating its spread in the body. Levels of ACE2 are reduced following viral infection, possibly due to increased viral entry and lysis of ACE2 positive cells. Downregulation of ACE2/Ang (1-7) axis is associated with Ang II upregulation. Of note, while Ang (1-7) exerts protective effects on the lung and cardiovasculature, Ang II elicits pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic detrimental effects by binding to the angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R). Indeed, AT1R blockers (ARBs) can alleviate the harmful effects associated with Ang II upregulation while increasing ACE2 expression and thus the risk of viral infection. Therefore, Ang (1-7) agonists seem to be a better treatment option. Another approach is the transfusion of convalescent plasma from recovered patients with deteriorated symptoms. Indeed, this appears to be promising due to the neutralizing capacity of anti-COVID-19 antibodies. In light of these considerations, we encourage the adoption of Ang (1-7) agonists and convalescent plasma conjugated therapy for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. This therapeutic regimen is expected to be a safer choice since it possesses the proven ability to neutralize the virus while ensuring lung and cardiovascular protection through modulation of the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hawraa Issa
- PRASE and Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences - I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- College of Public Health, Phoenicia University, Zahrani, Lebanon
| | - Ali H. Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Bassam Berry
- Institut Pasteur, Paris 6 University, Paris, France
| | - Vahideh Takhviji
- Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Khosravi
- Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarah Mantash
- PRASE and Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences - I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rawan Nehme
- PRASE and Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences - I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rawan Hallal
- PRASE and Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences - I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hussein Karaki
- PRASE and Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences - I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Kawthar Dhayni
- PRASE and Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences - I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- EA7517, MP3CV, CURS, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Wissam H. Faour
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Nehme
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kazem Zibara
- PRASE and Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences - I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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18
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Shastri MD, Shukla SD, Chong WC, KC R, Dua K, Patel RP, Peterson GM, O'Toole RF. Smoking and COVID-19: What we know so far. Respir Med 2021; 176:106237. [PMID: 33246296 PMCID: PMC7674982 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2020.106237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has placed a spotlight on infectious diseases and their associations with host factors and underlying conditions. New data on the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus are entering the public domain at a rapid rate such that their distillation often lags behind. To minimise weak associations becoming perceived as established paradigms, it is imperative that methodologies and outputs from different studies are appropriately critiqued and compared. In this review, we examine recent data on a potential relationship between smoking and COVID-19. While the causal role of smoking has been firmly demonstrated in regard to lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, such associations have the benefit of decades' worth of multi-centre epidemiological and mechanistic data. From our analysis of the available studies to date, it appears that a relationship is emerging in regard to patients with a smoking history having a higher likelihood of developing more severe symptoms of COVID-19 disease than non-smokers. Data on whether COVID-19 has a greater incidence in smokers than non-smokers is thus far, contradictory and inconclusive. There is therefore a need for some caution to be exercised until further research has been conducted in a wider range of geographical settings with sufficient numbers of patients that have been carefully phenotyped in respect of smoking status and adequate statistical control for confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhur D. Shastri
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia,Corresponding author
| | - Shakti D. Shukla
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Wai Chin Chong
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Rajendra KC
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW, Australia
| | - Rahul P. Patel
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Gregory M. Peterson
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Ronan F. O'Toole
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, School of Molecular Sciences, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, La Trobe, Australia,Corresponding author
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