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Badrov M, Matijević M, Tadin A. Parental Knowledge of Breastfeeding and Nutrition: Influence on Oral Health and Self-Reported Early Childhood Caries in Preschool Children in Croatia. Pediatr Rep 2025; 17:43. [PMID: 40278523 PMCID: PMC12030658 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric17020043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2025] [Revised: 03/28/2025] [Accepted: 04/02/2025] [Indexed: 04/26/2025] Open
Abstract
Aim: Parents' knowledge of oral health plays a key role in shaping their children's habits and preventing early childhood caries, particularly through breastfeeding and nutrition. This study aimed to assess parents' knowledge of how dietary habits affect both oral health and early childhood caries rates. Materials and methods: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among 595 parents of children aged 3 to 6 years old using a self-structured questionnaire. Sociodemographic data, the children's characteristics, breastfeeding practices, daily diet, the perceived effects of diet on orofacial health, and self-reported dental caries were recorded. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and regression models. Results: One-third of the children had dental caries (200/595). The prevalence of caries was significantly higher among children from rural areas (40.5%) compared to those from urban areas (31.1%) (p = 0.021) and in low-income families (72.7%) compared to middle-income (35.4%) and high-income (25.1%) families (p = 0.002). Breastfeeding duration, bottle feeding, and night feeding were not significantly associated with the occurrence of caries. Only 11.1% of parents recognized the role of extended breastfeeding on a child's demand over one year in promoting the development of tooth decay. Better knowledge was observed among parents with university degrees, in healthcare workers, and in parents with lower incomes (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Dental caries was prevalent, especially among children from rural areas and low-income families. Although there is no direct correlation between the duration of breastfeeding and dental caries, parental awareness of the preventive benefits of breastfeeding remains low. Education for parents about breastfeeding and nutrition's impact on oral health can have a substantial effect on preventing ECC. Educational efforts aimed at specific audiences are necessary to boost knowledge and advance preventive strategies. This study must recognize its limitations due to its dependence on self-reported caries data. Subsequent research must include clinical dental evaluations to achieve findings that are both dependable and factual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Badrov
- Department of Restorative Dental Medicine and Endodontics, Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Marija Matijević
- Department of Restorative Dental Medicine and Endodontics, Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Antonija Tadin
- Department of Restorative Dental Medicine and Endodontics, Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.B.); (M.M.)
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Hospital Centre Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
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Sun IG, Duangthip D, Yan IG, Zheng FM, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Caries Incidence and Its Associated Factors in Hong Kong Kindergarten Children. Int Dent J 2025; 75:761-766. [PMID: 38945801 PMCID: PMC11976464 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to investigate caries incidence and its associate factors among kindergarten children in Hong Kong. METHOD This 30-month prospective study recruited 3- to 4-year-old children when they started their kindergarten study. A self-administered parental questionnaire survey was used to collect the children's social demographic information and their oral health-related habits. Child's caries experience was recorded using the decayed, missing, and filled tooth (dmft) index and the visible plaque index (VPI) was used to measure their oral hygiene status. A final examination was performed after 30 months when they were in the final year of kindergarten. Data were analysed using the zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) regression model. RESULTS This study examined 660 children at baseline and 501 children at the final examination (dropout 24%). At baseline, the caries prevalence among 501 children was 23%, with mean (SD) dmft scores of 0.7 (1.8). At the final examination, caries prevalence increased to 41%, with mean (SD) dmft scores of 1.6 (2.8). The 30-month incidence rate was 34%, and the mean (SD) number of new carious teeth developed was 0.9 (1.7). Lower first molars exhibited the highest caries increment rate (11%), followed by upper second molars (9%) and upper central incisors (9%). ZINB regression analysis revealed associations among caries incidence and family income, baseline dmft, and baseline VPI (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS One third of Hong Kong kindergarten children developed new caries. Low family income, prior caries experience and poor oral hygiene were the significant factors associated with their caries incidence. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Many children developed new caries during their kindergarten years, with their caries experience more than doubling. Preventive measures, including oral health education and reinforcing oral hygiene practice in kindergarten, are essential to reduce their caries incidence, particularly for children with low family income, caries experience and poor oral hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Guofang Sun
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SRA
| | | | - Iliana Gehui Yan
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SRA
| | | | | | - Chun Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SRA.
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Chamut S, Alhassan M, Hameedaldeen A, Kaplish S, Yang AH, Wade CG, Alghamdi S, Chamut D, Novy BB, Chandel T. Every bite counts to achieve oral health: a scoping review on diet and oral health preventive practices. Int J Equity Health 2024; 23:261. [PMID: 39623427 PMCID: PMC11613938 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-024-02279-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 12/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the landscape of preventive strategies and interventions directed to achieve oral health equity, with particular emphasis on the interplay between dental caries prevention, individual behaviors, and population-level strategies across various demographic and geographic regions. METHODS This scoping review was guided by Peters et al.'s framework, which incorporates four key concepts aimed at reducing caries: education for individuals and healthcare providers, behavioral modifications, addressing broader social determinants of health, and extending oral health education programs beyond traditional dental settings. A systematic search was conducted across five databases, from 2011 to 2022. RESULTS This review identified 107 studies highlighting three main themes: behavioral practices (N = 33), which focused on reducing the prevalence of caries, improving oral hygiene practices, and enhancing overall oral health knowledge; educational interventions (N = 39), which explored strategies to integrate oral health with broader public health initiatives; and dietary interventions (N = 35), which emphasized the critical relationship between diet and oral health. CONCLUSION This SR highlights the critical need for comprehensive multilevel approaches that address the complex interplay between nutrition, oral health, and sociodemographic factors, while emphasizing the critical relationship between societal factors and individual health behaviors. Multifaceted interventions that include behavioral change, education, and dietary modifications are crucial for improving oral and overall health outcomes across diverse populations. Comprehensive strategies should prioritize medical-dental integration and data-driven approaches to effectively reduce oral health disparities for vulnerable populations, promoting long-term health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffany Chamut
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Boston, MA, USA.
- Next S-Miles, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Mona Alhassan
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Boston, MA, USA
- Dental Administration, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alhassan Hameedaldeen
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Boston, MA, USA
- Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Public Health Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shivangi Kaplish
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam H Yang
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carrie G Wade
- Harvard Medical School, Countway Library, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sondos Alghamdi
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Dentisry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Brian B Novy
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of General Practice, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Tejasvita Chandel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterial Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Wu X, Qin N, Peng X, Wang L. Exploring odontogenic brain abscesses: a comprehensive review. Acta Neurol Belg 2024; 124:1155-1165. [PMID: 38722527 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-024-02569-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Whether in neurology or dentistry, odontogenic brain abscess stands as an ailment demanding undivided attention. The onset of this disease is insidious, with a relatively low incidence rate but a markedly high fatality rate. Moreover, its symptoms lack specificity, easily leading to misdiagnosis, oversight, and treatment delays. Hence, clinicians should maintain heightened vigilance when faced with pathogenic bacteria of dental origin in patients. AREAS COVERED This paper encapsulates the latest research findings on the clinical manifestations and essential treatment points of odontogenic brain abscess. It may offer a crucial reference for prompt diagnosis and improved therapeutic approaches. EXPERT OPINIONS Odontogenic brain abscess, an infection of the cerebral parenchyma, usually appears in immunocompromised patients with dental ailments or postdental surgeries. The main pathogenic microorganisms include Streptococcus intermedius, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus anginosus, and Millerella. Given the undetectable and nonspecific symptoms in patients, the diagnostic process relies on microbiological methods. Therefore, clinicians should actively investigate and identify the pathogenic microorganisms of odontogenic brain abscess for early detection and selection of appropriate treatment regimens to avoid disease management delays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingguo Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ningxiang Qin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Peng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Bhayat A, Madiba TK, Beeforth M, Nkambule NR. The Oral Health Status and Anthropometric Measurements of Children at Early Childhood Development Centers in an Informal Settlement in Pretoria, South Africa. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024; 17:903-906. [PMID: 39372351 PMCID: PMC11451870 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Early childhood caries (ECC) continue to increase, especially among low socioeconomic communities. This study was conducted in an informal settlement comprising mostly foreigners who have settled in the area. Given the limited dental and medical services available to these communities, this study aimed to determine the dental and medical disease profile of these inhabitants. The objective was to determine the oral health status and the body mass index (BMI) of children attending crèches in an informal settlement. Materials and methods Oral health data, including dental caries (DC), soft tissue lesions, fluorosis, erosion, and trauma, were recorded using the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended methods. The examiners were calibrated, and all examinations took place at the crèches under natural sunlight. The BMI was calculated by a team of dieticians who were blinded to the oral health status. The height and weight were measured by calibrated examiners under standardized conditions. Results There were a total of 169 participants; the mean age was 4.02 years (±1.13; 1-7) and there was an equal distribution of males and females (49.7% females and 49.3% males). The prevalence of DC was 39.1%, with 19% having 4 or more carious teeth. The mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) and plaque scores [Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S)] were 1.58 (±2.70) and 0.65 (±0.43), respectively, and the mean dmft score increased with increasing age. The mean d component contributed 99% of the total mean dmft score (1.56). The mean BMI was 15.44, and this decreased significantly (p = 0.009) while the OHI increased significantly (p < 0.001) as the number of carious teeth increased. Conclusion The prevalence of caries was relatively high, and those with caries had multiple decayed teeth. The d component contributed almost 100% to the mean score, indicating a lack of access to dental care. The mean BMI score was inversely proportional to the number of carious teeth, which could imply that those with caries had difficulty eating. How to cite this article Bhayat A, Madiba TK, Beeforth M, et al. The Oral Health Status and Anthropometric Measurements of Children at Early Childhood Development Centers in an Informal Settlement in Pretoria, South Africa. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(8):903-906.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Bhayat
- Department of Community Dentistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Thomas K Madiba
- Department of Community Dentistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Marion Beeforth
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Ju X, Mittinty M, Smithers L, Jamieson L. Early Childhood Caries Intervention in Aboriginal Australian Children: A Cross-in Randomized Trial. JDR Clin Trans Res 2024; 9:239-247. [PMID: 37615160 PMCID: PMC11184907 DOI: 10.1177/23800844231191714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early childhood caries (ECC) is the strongest predictor of dental caries in adulthood. Indigenous children have higher levels of ECC compared with non-Indigenous children. The study aimed to estimate the efficacy of an ECC intervention among Aboriginal Australian children. METHODS Baby Teeth Talk was an outcome assessor-blinded, closed-cohort cross-in randomized controlled trial conducted in South Australia, Australia. We randomly allocated 448 women pregnant with an Aboriginal child to either an immediate (II) or delayed (DI) intervention group between January 2011 and May 2012. The immediate intervention comprised (1) provision of dental care to mothers during pregnancy; (2) application of fluoride varnish to teeth of children at ages 6, 12; and 18 mo; (3) motivational interviewing delivered in conjunction; and (4) anticipatory guidance. Mothers/children in the DI group received the same intervention commencing when the child was 24 mo of age. The outcomes were assessed by the number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) in children aged 24, 36, and 60 mo. Regression-based approaches with generalized linear mixed effect (log-Poisson) model characterized the mean dmft to estimate risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). RESULTS A total of 223 participants were randomly allocated to the II group and 225 to the DI group. Three hundred sixty-five children (178 II, 187 DI) received at least 1 dental clinical examination at 24, 36, and 60 mo of follow-up. The mean dmft was lower in the II group (0.48, 1.32, and 2.06) than in the DI group (0.82, 1.90, and 3.29) at each time point, respectively. The direct ECC intervention effect was to prevent/decrease dental decay experience (dmft) occurrence by 84% (RR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.20-2.48) after adjusting for all covariates. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis indicated that the time-varied ECC intervention had immediate and longer-term effects on the prevention of ECC among Indigenous Australian children. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT The study aimed to estimate the efficacy of an early childhood caries (ECC) intervention among Aboriginal Australian children. The findings indicated that the culturally appropriate ECC intervention is effective for the preventive of ECC and can be used by clinicians, educators, and policy makers when planning an ECC intervention, so as to prevent and reduce ECC and meet identified oral health needs across the Australian population, which is important for preventive dental care.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Ju
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, the University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - M.N Mittinty
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - L. Smithers
- School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - L. Jamieson
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Health & Medical Sciences Building, The University of Adelaide, SA, USA
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Adugna A, Abebe GF, Girma D, Alie MS. Dental caries and associated factors among preschool children in Southwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Paediatr Open 2024; 8:e002319. [PMID: 38355213 PMCID: PMC10868271 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2023-002319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries is a global public health problem, especially for young children. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of dental caries and its associated factors among preschool children in Mizan Aman town, Southwest Ethiopia. METHODS A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 October to 1 December 2022. A total of 354 children and their parents participated using simple random sampling techniques. Data were collected through an oral clinical examination, interviewing the parents and measuring the anthropometry of the children. RESULTS The prevalence of dental caries was 36.4% (95% CI 31.2% to 41.8%). Night feeding (adjusted OR (AOR)=3.98, 95% CI 1.56 to 10.15), children who did not brush their teeth under parental supervision (AOR=2.98, 95% CI 1.60 to 5.57), body mass index (AOR=3.48, 95% CI 1.30 to 9.41) and history of dental visits (AOR=3.05, 95% CI 1.61 to 5.81) were significantly associated with dental caries. CONCLUSION The prevalence of dental caries in preschool children was found to be high. Children who did not brush their teeth under parental supervision, who had experience of night feeding, who had a high body mass index and who had a history of dental visits were at risk for dental caries. Prevention of those identified modifiable risk factors should be considered to reduce dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanuel Adugna
- Department of Midwifery, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia
| | | | - Desalegn Girma
- Department of Midwifery, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia
| | - Melsew Setegn Alie
- Department of Public Health, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia
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Abdulaziz R, Suryanti N, Setiawan AS. A Review on Maternal Parenting, Child's Growth Stunting, and Oral Health. Eur J Dent 2024; 18:26-40. [PMID: 37105223 PMCID: PMC10959610 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1764428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Stunting has gained global attention as one of the most critical problems in public health. As the first and dominant figure in a child's life, the mother is responsible for determining the proper parenting behaviors to apply to maintain the child's physical health. Stunting is often associated with early childhood caries (ECC) and molar incisor hypomineralization, which can be manifested into each other through various mechanisms. Therefore, it is crucial to explore how far maternal parenting behaviors affect stunting and oral health. This study aims to determine which maternal parenting behaviors can affect stunting and oral health. A systematic search was used through PubMed and Google Scholar to search for published articles between 2011 and 2021. The articles analyze maternal parenting behaviors with stunting and poor oral health. Final analysis was used on 21 articles containing 18 cross-sectional studies, 2 cohort studies, and 1 randomized controlled trial. The result implied that the high prevalence of stunting and ECC is the combined result of prolonged breastfeeding practices (7 articles), poor complementary feeding practice (6 articles), high consumption of sugar (5 articles), and poor oral hygiene practices (5 articles). Maternal parenting styles in the aspect of fulfilling nutrition and maintaining oral health affect the occurrence of stunting and ECC in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasyid Abdulaziz
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Netty Suryanti
- Department of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Arlette Suzy Setiawan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
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Nadeeshani H, Kudagammana ST, Herath C, Jayasinghe R, Liyanage R. Early Childhood Caries and Nutritional Status of Children: A Review. Food Nutr Bull 2023; 44:249-264. [PMID: 38095292 DOI: 10.1177/03795721231209358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early childhood caries (ECC) is a serious public health issue affecting children around the world. Severe symptoms and complications commonly found with ECC are adverse effects on health and growth retardation triggered by sensitivity, pain, and abscesses associated with decayed teeth, premature tooth loss, and insufficient food intake due to difficulty in chewing and keeping food in the mouth. OBJECTIVE This article aims to provide an overview of the most recent and current evidence on the association between ECC and nutritional status with an aim to stimulate further research and to identify the impact of nutritional status on ECC and vice versa. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were used to search the studies conducted between 2016 and 2022. The included studies were searched using some keyword combinations and saved in Mendeley Desktop for review and referencing. All books, policy briefs, thesis/dissertations, and non-peer-reviewed articles were excluded, and 47 studies were selected for this narrative review. RESULTS Many studies have identified long-term, frequent, and nocturnal bottle-feeding and breastfeeding as well as frequent consumption of sugary food and beverages as high-risk factors for ECC. Adverse nutritional status assessed by anthropometric measures, vitamin D status, and iron-deficiency anemia have been studied as risk factors for ECC. CONCLUSIONS Most of the prevailing studies are either case-control or cross-sectional studies, which are unable to provide strong evidence to prove the direction of causality. Thus, further prospective studies are needed to clarify the association between ECC and the nutritional status of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshani Nadeeshani
- Division of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Chandra Herath
- Department of Community Dental Health, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Ruwan Jayasinghe
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Ruvini Liyanage
- Division of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
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Putri TN, Indriyanti R, Setiawan AS. A descriptive study on oral hygiene practice and caries increment in children with growth stunting. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2023; 4:1236228. [PMID: 38024152 PMCID: PMC10661400 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.1236228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Stunting is a condition of malnutrition in children from the womb to the early life stage that causes growth failure in the body and brain. Stunting influences the development and integrity of the oral cavity and increases the risk of developing diseases in the oral cavity, such as dental caries. The growth barriers in stunting children and parental knowledge can affect maintaining oral hygiene. This study aims to determine the description of oral hygiene practice and caries increment in children with growth stunting. Methods This type of research is a quantitative descriptive with a Secondary Data Analysis approach in the form of examination results for the presence or absence of caries through the ICDAS index and the results of the oral hygiene practice questionnaire on 113 children with growth stunting in Sukajadi district, Bandung. Results Most stunting children (60.2%) experienced increased caries rates classified as low, and 70.8% had poor oral hygiene practices. There were 50 children (44.3%) with poor oral hygiene practice with low caries increment, while 18 children (15.9%) had good oral hygiene practice with low caries increment. Conclusion Oral hygiene practice is classified as poor, but caries increment is still relatively low in most stunting children in Sukajadi district, Bandung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tri Nugrahaeni Putri
- Dental Education Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Ratna Indriyanti
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Arlette Suzy Setiawan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
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Mbawalla HS, Nyamuryekung'e KK, Mtaya-Mlangwa M, Masalu JR. Dental Caries Pattern Amongst Tanzanian Children: National Oral Health Survey. Int Dent J 2023; 73:731-737. [PMID: 37308399 PMCID: PMC10509444 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries in young children and adolescents is a public oral health challenge in countries with developing economies and economic transition. This study presents a demographic pattern of dental caries in primary and permanent dentition of 5-, 12-, and 15-year-old Tanzanians based on the 2020 National Oral Health Survey findings. METHODS This is a cross-section study based on data from Tanzania's 5th National Oral Health Survey. Data on dental caries and basic demographics were collected employing World Health Organization Oral Health Survey protocols. Analysis was done using the SPSS computer programme version 23, and proportions and mean dental caries experiences in Decayed extracted filled teeth in primary dentition/Decayed Missing Filled Teeth in permanent dentition were summarised and chi-square statistics and binary logistic regression assessed the differences and determined the association between dental caries and the selected demographic characteristics. RESULTS The survey included 2187 participants; 42.4% were from rural areas and 50.7% were female. Overall caries prevalence was 17%, specifically 43.2%, 20.5%, and 25.5% amongst 5-, 12- and 15-year-olds, respectively. Decayed teeth components were 98.4%, 89.8%, and 91.4% amongst 5-, 12-, and 15-year-olds, respectively. Overall mean (SD) DMFT amongst 12- and 15-year-olds were 0.40 (0.27) and 0.59 (1.35), respectively. Urban participants had significantly lower odds of dental caries experience (odds ratio, 0.62, 95% confidence interval 0.45-0.84) compared with rural participants, whilst the 15-year-olds had higher odds of dental caries experience than the 12-year-olds. CONCLUSION Dental caries prevalence in primary dentition was high. The proportion of decayed teeth components of def/DMFT was the highest compared with that of missing and filled teeth components. Older adolescents and those from rural areas had higher odds of dental caries experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hawa Shariff Mbawalla
- Paediatric Dentistry Unit, Department of Orthodontics, Paedodontics and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Kasusu Klint Nyamuryekung'e
- Community Dentistry Unit, Department of Orthodontics, Paedodontics and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Matilda Mtaya-Mlangwa
- Orthodontics Unit, Department of Orthodontics, Paedodontics and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Joyce-Rose Masalu
- Community Dentistry Unit, Department of Orthodontics, Paedodontics and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Vélez León EM, Albaladejo Martínez A, Preciado Sarmiento MA, Cordero López MA, Armas ADC, Encalada Verdugo LS, Melo M. Caries Experience in Preschoolers in Three Ecuadorian Communities. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1123. [PMID: 37508620 PMCID: PMC10378548 DOI: 10.3390/children10071123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Dental caries in the preschool population presents a significant challenge in the field of global public health, including Ecuador. Early detection of this disease is crucial for developing effective strategies for prevention and promotion of oral health, which can have a substantial impact on the quality of life of preschool-aged children. This study evaluated 600 children aged 3 to 5 years attending preschool education centers using the ICDAS II diagnostic criteria. The Student's t-test was used to analyze differences between the means of two independent groups. Additionally, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to assess differences between the means of three or more groups. The prevalence of caries was 87%, with a dft index of 3.85 in the three provinces studied. A high treatment need was observed in 84.17% of the population. No significant differences in the DFT index were found based on gender, although both groups exhibited elevated values. No significant differences were observed in relation to province and environment. The second molar was the most affected tooth, with a caries prevalence of 58.8%. Despite the lack of significant differences among the evaluated variables, a high prevalence and experience of dental caries were found in the studied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonor María Vélez León
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- School of Dentistry, Catholic University of Cuenca, Cuenca 010107, Ecuador
| | | | | | | | | | | | - María Melo
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Rizzardi KF, Crescente CL, Indiani CMDSP, Steiner-Oliveira C, Nobre-Dos-Santos M, Parisotto TM. Early childhood caries, obesity and anthropometric measurements: Is there a relationship? Front Nutr 2022; 9:873562. [PMID: 36034930 PMCID: PMC9400926 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.873562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This brief research report explored the relationship among obesity, anthropometric measurements, and early childhood caries (ECC), in 3–5 years-old children. Three hundred and ninety-one Brazilian preschoolers were given anthropometric examinations for the assessment of general, peripheral, and central adiposity, by the following measures: body mass index (BMI), hip circumference, and waist circumference. Obesity status was determined by BMI according to WHO standards. Parent's age and BMI were assessed by questionnaire, and sucrose exposure was tracked by means of a food diary. For the assessment of ECC, dental examinations were performed according to modified WHO criteria. Also, the presence of dental biofilm in maxillary incisors was detected. A direct association between BMI and ECC was found in the bivariate analysis and the best possibility of logistic regression model showed that hip circumference (HC) values ≥62 centimeters (OR = 1.63; p = 0.033) jointly with the presence of dental biofilm (OR = 2.38; p = 0.000), children's ages ≥37 months (OR = 5.09; p = 0.012), and mothers younger than 35 years (OR = 1.96; p = 0.004) were significantly connected with ECC. In conclusion, peripheral adiposity (represented by HC) in young children was in fact associated with ECC. Thus, hip circumference might be a valuable tool for exploring the relationship between caries and obesity in the early years of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Ferreira Rizzardi
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, University São Francisco - USF, Bragança, Brazil
| | - Camila Lopes Crescente
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, University São Francisco - USF, Bragança, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Steiner-Oliveira
- Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Marinês Nobre-Dos-Santos
- Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Thaís Manzano Parisotto
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, University São Francisco - USF, Bragança, Brazil
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Liu M, Song Q, Xu X, Lai G. Early childhood caries prevalence and associated factors among preschoolers aged 3-5 years in Xiangyun, China: A cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:959125. [PMID: 36052000 PMCID: PMC9424677 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.959125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence among preschoolers aged 3-5 years in Xiangyun of Yunnan, China and explore the factors associated with the prevalence. Materials and methods A cross-sectional survey including 3-5-year-old children was conducted in Xiangyun County, China, between September and November 2020. According to the dental examination standard of the WHO 2013 criteria, the presence of ECC was recorded. Besides the dental examination for children, their parents completed questionnaires about caries-related factors, including demographic variables, family socioeconomic status, feeding, and oral health-related habits, parental dental knowledge, and the condition of dental service utilization. SPSS Statistics 25.0 (IBM, Chicago, IL, USA) was used for data analysis. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results The ECC prevalence among a sample of 1,280 children aged 3-5 years consisting of 665 boys and 615 girls in this study, was 74.3%, and the mean decayed-missing-filled teeth (dmft) was 4.9 ± 5.0. There were no statistically significant differences in the ECC prevalence between the sexes and among different ethnic groups. Children with different dietary and oral hygiene habits showed no significantly different prevalence of ECC. Logistic regression analysis showed that the most significantly associated factors were older age, lower family income, and worse parental perception of children's oral health status. Conclusion The ECC prevalence among 3-5-year-old preschool children in Xiangyun was higher than the average national ECC prevalence in China. This study implies that more attention should be given to children's caries prevention from early childhood; oral health education and promotion should be intensified to reduce the ECC prevalence and improve the oral health status of children in Xiangyun.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingshan Liu
- Department of Stomatology, People's Hospital of Xiangyun Affiliated to Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Qianqian Song
- Department of Stomatology, People's Hospital of Xiangyun Affiliated to Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Xiaoqin Xu
- Department of Stomatology, People's Hospital of Xiangyun Affiliated to Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Guangyun Lai
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Guangyun Lai
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Individual, Family, and Socioeconomic Contributors to Dental Caries in Children from Low- and Middle-Income Countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127114. [PMID: 35742362 PMCID: PMC9222700 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Collective evidence on risk factors for dental caries remains elusive in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The objective was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on risk factors for dental caries in deciduous or permanent teeth in LMICs. Methods: Studies were identified electronically through databases, including Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed/MEDLINE, and CINAHL, using “prevalence, dental caries, child, family, socioeconomic, and LMIC” as the keywords. A total of 11 studies fit the inclusion criteria. Quality assessment of the included studies was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The MedCalc software and Review Manager 5.4.1 were used. Results: From 11,115 participants, 38.7% (95% CI: 28.4−49.5%) had caries and 49.68% were female. Among those with caries, 69.74% consumed sugary drinks/sweets (95% CI: 47.84−87.73%) and 56.87% (95% CI: 35.39−77.08%) had good brushing habits. Sugary drinks had a two times higher likelihood of leading to caries (OR: 2.04, p < 0.001). Good oral hygiene reduced the risk of caries by 35% (OR: 0.65, p < 0.001). Concerning maternal education, only secondary education reduced the likelihood of caries (OR: 0.96), but primary education incurred 25% higher risks (OR: 1.25, p = 0.03). A 65% reduction was computed when caregivers helped children with tooth brushing (OR: 0.35, p = 0.04). Most families had a low socioeconomic status (SES) (35.9%, 95% CI: 16.73−57.79), which increased the odds of caries by 52% (OR: 1.52, p < 0.001); a high SES had a 3% higher chance of caries. In the entire sample, 44.44% (95% CI: 27.73−61.82%) of individuals had access to dental services or had visited a dental service provider. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that high sugar consumption, low maternal education, and low and high socioeconomic status (SES) increased the risk of dental caries in LMICs. Good brushing habits, higher maternal education, help with tooth brushing, and middle SES provided protection against caries across LMIC children. Limiting sugars, improving oral health education, incorporating national fluoride exposure programs, and accounting for sociodemographic limitations are essential for reducing the prevalence of dental caries in these settings.
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El Tantawi M, Folayan MO, Bhayat A. Oral Health Status and Practices, and Anthropometric Measurements of Preschool Children: Protocol for a Multi-African Country Survey. JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e33552. [PMID: 35476047 PMCID: PMC9096655 DOI: 10.2196/33552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral diseases are among the most prevalent conditions with significant impact on the growth and development of young children. Data are required to plan effectively for the management of early childhood caries (ECC) and other oral diseases in this age. There are currently very few African countries with updated and nationally representative data on ECC prevalence, and risk indicators and regional data on ECC and other oral diseases are scarce. Objective We aim to determine the oral health status and practices, dietary intake, and anthropometric measurements of preschool children in several African countries. Methods A cross-sectional study will be conducted in several African countries using a standardized questionnaire and clinical examination for data collection from healthy preschool children in kindergartens and primary health care facilities. The clinical examination will assess ECC using the decayed, missing due to caries, and filled teeth (dmft) index according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, dental erosion (using the Basic Erosive Wear Examination Index), deciduous molar hypomineralization (using the European Association of Paediatric Dentistry criteria), dental fluorosis (using Dean’s Index), oral hygiene status (using the Oral Hygiene Index Simplified), and oral mucosal lesions. Oral hygiene habits and dental visits will be assessed using the WHO child questionnaire, and dietary intake will be assessed using the Food and Agriculture Organization method. Anthropometric measurements will be obtained following the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry standard protocol, and the children’s nutritional status will be assessed following the WHO child growth standards. To train and calibrate examiners, educational resources and electronic forms will be used to reach interexaminer and intraexaminer reliability with κ>0.6. Descriptive analysis will determine the prevalence of clinical conditions by age and sex. Bivariate analysis and multivariable regression will assess associations between the clinical conditions and sociodemographic factors, and oral health behaviors. Results Data collection will begin after approvals and ethical clearance are obtained. The first stage will include 3 countries, namely Egypt, Nigeria, and South Africa, and collaborators from other African countries will join afterward. Conclusions This study will lay down the foundations for using validated tools to collect data on the oral health of young children in Africa, allowing researchers from different countries across Africa to collect standardized data on ECC and other oral conditions. This will facilitate comparisons and analysis of risk factors that might be unique to the African continent. The results will provide baseline data on the prevalence of oral diseases and enable planning to address the treatment needs of young African children and design programs to prevent oral diseases in the African continent. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/33552
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha El Tantawi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Morenike O Folayan
- Department of Child Dental Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Ahmed Bhayat
- Department of Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Khan IM, Mani SA, Doss JG, Danaee M, Kong LYL. Pre-schoolers' tooth brushing behaviour and association with their oral health: a cross sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:283. [PMID: 34078349 PMCID: PMC8173819 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01643-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Toothbrushing is an important yet neglected behaviour that affects the oral health of preschool children. Little is reported on parental supervision, an essential aspect of routine effective toothbrushing in this age group. The aim of this study was to evaluate pre-schoolers’ toothbrushing behaviour including parental involvement and its association with their oral health. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 92 preschool children (4–6 years) were invited to participate with their parents/guardians. Nine parameters of toothbrushing behaviour were assessed from parental responses (questionnaire) and observation of child and parents/guardians (video recording). Oral examination included recording plaque, gingival and dental caries indices. BORIS software was used to assess toothbrushing parameters and Smart PLS was used to perform association with a second-generation multivariate analysis to create models with and without confounding factors. Results Girls were slightly more (53%) than boys (47%). Children aged 4 years were slightly more in number (38%), followed by 6-year-olds and 5-year-olds. Nearly, 90% parents had tertiary education and 46% had more than 2 children. Differences were recorded in the reported and observed behaviour. Thirty-five percent parents/guardians reported using pea-size toothpaste amount but only 28% were observed. Forty percent reported to brush for 30 s–1 min, however 51% were observed to brush for 1–2 min. Half the children were observed to use fluoridated toothpaste (F < 1000 ppm) under parental supervision (11%). The mean (SD) plaque score reduction after toothbrushing was 10.80 (2.46), mean pre-brushing plaque score was 90.3 (10.2), mean gingival index was 0.89 (0.65) and mean dental caries status (ICDAS(1–6)) was 18.87 (12.39). Toothbrushing behaviour in terms of toothbrushing technique, duration, pattern and frequency, toothbrush type and grip type, toothpaste type and amount, post-brushing mouth rinsing and parental involvement contributed significantly to plaque score change (86%), dental caries status (73%), gingival index (66%) and pre-brushing plaque score (31%). The significant confounding variables had a small influence on oral health of preschool children. Conclusions Preschool children’s toothbrushing behaviour was inadequate while their oral health was poor, with a significant association between the two parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Muhammad Khan
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shani Ann Mani
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Jennifer Geraldine Doss
- Department of Community Oral Health and Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mahmoud Danaee
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lydia Yi Li Kong
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Carrada CF, Tavares MC, Drummond AMA, Correa NMDO, Mattos FDF, Moura RNVD, Ribeiro RA, Paiva SM. Early Childhood Caries Experience of Children from Poor Families Living Below and Above Poverty Line. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2021.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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