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Chinene B, Mpezeni L, Mudadi L. Mental health literacy of undergraduate radiography students in Zimbabwe. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2023; 54:662-669. [PMID: 37657951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Assessing the Mental Health Literacy (MHL) of students is crucial in having an understanding of mental health knowledge gaps, stigma, wrong beliefs, risk factors, and treatment-seeking behaviour. The aim of this study was to use a validated scale to examine the MHL of radiography students at a tertiary institution in Harare, Zimbabwe. METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted to assess the MHL of radiography students at a tertiary institution in Harare, Zimbabwe, using a validated MHL scale. Individual t-tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were conducted for each variable to examine the differences between groups expected to differ in their MHL. RESULTS A total of 89 students were enrolled into the study. The overall mean MHL score was 96.62 (SD-9.55), with students less knowledgeable on environmental, social, familial, or biological factors that increase the risk of developing a mental illness. Gender had no statistically significant effect on the overall score, t(83) = -0.81, p = 0.42 [Males had mean score = 95.64, SD = 10.14; and Females had mean score = 97.35, SD = 9.12]]. However, there was a significant difference in recognition of disorders by gender, t(83) = -2.42, p = 0.02, with female students (M = 26.24, SD =2.68) scoring higher than male students (M =24.69, SD =3.21). In addition, students with a previous history of mental health disorders scored higher (M =26.86, SD = 2.19) than those with no previous history (M =25.47, SD =3.04), however the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION The students in the current study demonstrated lower MHL compared to most studies in the literature. Students were less knowledgeable about environmental, social, familial, or biological factors that increase the risk of developing a mental illness. Furthermore, a correlation between MHL and mental health experience was demonstrated. The implication of these findings is that the curriculum ought to be developed to help undergraduate radiography students become more knowledgeable about mental health and comfortable seeking appropriate support.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Chinene
- Harare Institute of Technology, Department of Radiography, Belvedere, Harare, Zimbabwe.
| | - L Mpezeni
- Zimbabwe Open University, Department of Psychology, Harare, Zimbabwe.
| | - L Mudadi
- Royal Papworth Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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McIntyre RS, Greenleaf W, Bulaj G, Taylor ST, Mitsi G, Saliu D, Czysz A, Silvesti G, Garcia M, Jain R. Digital health technologies and major depressive disorder. CNS Spectr 2023; 28:662-673. [PMID: 37042341 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852923002225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to improve the clinical management of major depressive disorder (MDD), which has become increasingly prevalent over the past two decades. Several gaps and challenges in the awareness, detection, treatment, and monitoring of MDD remain to be addressed. Digital health technologies have demonstrated utility in relation to various health conditions, including MDD. Factors related to the COVID-19 pandemic have accelerated the development of telemedicine, mobile medical apps, and virtual reality apps and have continued to introduce new possibilities across mental health care. Growing access to and acceptance of digital health technologies present opportunities to expand the scope of care and to close gaps in the management of MDD. Digital health technology is rapidly evolving the options for nonclinical support and clinical care for patients with MDD. Iterative efforts to validate and optimize such digital health technologies, including digital therapeutics and digital biomarkers, continue to improve access to and quality of personalized detection, treatment, and monitoring of MDD. The aim of this review is to highlight the existing gaps and challenges in depression management and discuss the current and future landscape of digital health technology as it applies to the challenges faced by patients with MDD and their healthcare providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger S McIntyre
- Department of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Walter Greenleaf
- Virtual Human Interaction Lab, Stanford University, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Grzegorz Bulaj
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Steven T Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, McLean Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Andy Czysz
- Sage Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Rakesh Jain
- Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech University School of Medicine, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Sullivan E, Bartik W. What do rural young people want from their mental health service. Aust J Rural Health 2023; 31:1072-1082. [PMID: 37485652 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rural young people have high rates of mental illness and low rates of help-seeking making it crucial to extend research about service improvement in rural and remote Australia. OBJECTIVE To describe what rural young people want from their headspace service, and what rural headspace clinicians understand they provide. DESIGN This study used a qualitative methodology with reflexive thematic analysis to analyse participant interviews and systematically derive common themes. FINDINGS Thirteen participants were interviewed comprising young people aged 16 to 18 years who had accessed one of three rural headspace services, together with clinicians working in those services. Key themes for both young people and clinicians comprised accessibility, flexibility, engagement, safety, youth-focus, and evidence-based treatment although there were some differences of emphasis amongst themes. There was also an additional theme for young people of awareness, and for clinicians of caring. DISCUSSION The results supported that what young people were seeking was largely consistent with what headspace clinicians were providing. There were however some specific issues relevant to service provision in a rural context such as increased awareness of services, the need to focus on evidenced based interventions, and better promotion in schools and the local community. Service gaps such as unmet needs for young people with higher risk who might fall outside of agency requirements were also identified. CONCLUSION Results of this study help inform better service delivery and increased awareness for mental health of young people in rural communities to improve access and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Sullivan
- University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Warren Bartik
- University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
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Han J, Ahn JS, Kim MH, Chang SJ, Kim JK, Min S. Impact of Parental Mental Health and Help-Seeking on Adolescents' Suicidal Ideations and Help-Seeking Behaviors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6538. [PMID: 37569077 PMCID: PMC10419277 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20156538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of parental mental health on adolescent offspring. Data regarding 6512 families from the 2010-2021 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed; among them, 428 were placed in the suicidal ideation (SI) group and 421 were placed in the matched control (MC) group. This number was selected for the use of the propensity score matching method. The findings highlighted significant associations between parental mental health and adolescent suicidal ideation, with mothers in the SI group having higher odds of Diagnosed Depression (OR 2.109, 1.023-4.350 95% CI), Depressive Mood (OR 2.155, 1.224-3.793 95% CI), and Suicidal Ideation (OR 2.532, 1.322-4.851 95% CI) compared to the MC group. Regarding the fathers, paternal Suicidal Ideation (OR 4.295, 1.747-10.599 95% CI) was the only significant factor for adolescent suicidal ideation. In contrast, maternal depressive symptoms and help-seeking behavior significantly impacted adolescent help-seeking; Maternal Depressive Mood increased with adolescent Help-Seeking (OR 4.486, 1.312-15.340 95% CI) while Maternal Suicidal Ideation reduced the probability of Help-Seeking in the SI group (OR 0.15, 0.031-0.721, 95% CI). Chronic and severe depressive symptoms in mothers could make adolescents less likely to seek help for their suicidal ideations. Therefore, clinicians working with adolescents should prioritize a family-oriented approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyun Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea; (J.H.); (J.-S.A.); (M.-H.K.)
| | - Joung-Sook Ahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea; (J.H.); (J.-S.A.); (M.-H.K.)
| | - Min-Hyuk Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea; (J.H.); (J.-S.A.); (M.-H.K.)
| | - Sei-Jin Chang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jong-Koo Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seongho Min
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea; (J.H.); (J.-S.A.); (M.-H.K.)
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Prizeman K, Weinstein N, McCabe C. Effects of mental health stigma on loneliness, social isolation, and relationships in young people with depression symptoms. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:527. [PMID: 37479975 PMCID: PMC10362624 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04991-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most prevalent affective disorder and the leading cause of illness and disability among young people worldwide. Besides being more susceptible to the onset of depression, young people have a higher risk of loneliness, and their personal and social development is impacted by social relationships during this time. It is thought that mental health stigma can undermine both help-seeking and longer-term outcomes for disorders like depression in young people. However, how stigma (i.e., related to depression) might affect young people's feelings of loneliness, social isolation, and relationships is unclear. Using qualitative research methods, this study aimed to explore the subjective experiences of public and internalized stigma and its effects on loneliness, social isolation, and relationship quality in young people with depression symptoms. METHODS We carried out in-depth, semi-structured interviews with N = 22 young people aged 17-25 (Mage = 22 years) who reported high symptoms of depression (Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ) score > 27) (i.e., community sample, N = 9) or had been previously diagnosed with depression by a medical professional (i.e., clinical sample, N = 13). Data were analysed using thematic analysis. We explored the subjective effects of depression stigma on loneliness, social isolation, and relationships. RESULTS Participants described both public stigma (i.e., initiated by others) and internalized stigma (i.e., self-imposed) as disrupting social relationships and eliciting loneliness, isolation, and depressive symptomology. Four main themes about young people's subjective experiences of stigma were identified: 1) Others' Misunderstanding of Mental Health Disorders and the Impact Misunderstanding has on Relationships; 2) Effects of Stigma on the Self and Wellbeing; 3) Stigma Fosters Secrecy Versus Disclosure; and 4) Stigma Increases Loneliness Driven by Avoidance of Social Contexts. CONCLUSIONS Young people's accounts revealed a wide range of consequences beyond their depression diagnosis. Participants often felt discriminated against, misunderstood, and judged by others as a result of public stigma; they discussed internalizing these attitudes. They suggested that a lack of understanding from others, for example from their partners, family, and peers, and unreliable and/or absent support systems resulted in increased feelings of loneliness and social isolation and reduced the quality and quantity of relationship formation, social bonds, and interactions. Stigma also reduced their self-esteem and confidence, which in turn fostered secrecy and a reluctance to disclose their depression. Despite depression's stigma, most participants reported having long-term goals and aspirations to reconnect with others. These goals stood in contrast to feeling hopeless and unmotivated during periods of depression. Overall, we reveal how stigma can impact feelings of loneliness, social isolation, and relationships among young people with depression, which could lead to targeted interventions to lessen the impact of stigma in this population.
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Valladares-Garrido MJ, León-Figueroa DA, Dawson FM, Burga-Cachay SC, Fernandez-Canani MA, Failoc-Rojas VE, Pereira-Victorio CJ, Valladares-Garrido D, Inga-Berrospi F. Association between childhood trauma and mental health disorders in adolescents during the second pandemic wave of COVID-19, Chiclayo-Peru. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1169247. [PMID: 37426089 PMCID: PMC10323439 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1169247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected mental health, with children and adolescents being particularly vulnerable. Evidence on the association between childhood trauma and mental health outcomes in schoolchildren during the pandemic is limited. This study aimed to evaluate this relationship in Chiclayo city, northern Peru, during the second wave of COVID-19. Methods A cross-sectional secondary data study was conducted, measuring childhood trauma using the Marshall's Trauma Scale, depressive symptomatology (PHQ-9), and anxiety symptomatology (GAD-7). Additional variables assessed were alcohol use (AUDIT), resilience (abbreviated CD-RISC), and socio-educational data. Prevalence ratios were estimated using generalized linear models. Results Among 456 participants, 88.2% were female, with a mean age of 14.5 years (SD: 1.33). Depressive symptomatology prevalence was 76.3% (95%CI: 72.14-80.15) and increased by 23% in schoolchildren with childhood trauma (PR: 1.23; 95%CI: 1.10-1.37). Factors positively associated with depressive symptomatology included increasing age, seeking mental health help during the pandemic, and severe family dysfunction. Anxiety symptomatology prevalence was 62.3% (95%CI: 57.65-66.75) and increased by 55% in schoolchildren with childhood trauma (PR: 1.55; 95%CI: 1.31-1.85). Anxiety symptomatology was positively associated with mild, moderate, and severe family dysfunction. Conclusion Schoolchildren exposed to childhood trauma are at increased risk for depressive and anxiety symptoms. Monitoring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescent mental health is vital. These findings can assist schools in establishing effective measures to prevent mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Darwin A. León-Figueroa
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Chiclayo, Peru
- Centro de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Salud, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | | | - Virgilio E. Failoc-Rojas
- Research Unit for Generation and Synthesis Evidence in Health, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Danai Valladares-Garrido
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Piura, Peru
- Unidad de Epidemiología y Salud Ambiental, Hospital de Apoyo II Santa Rosa, Piura, Peru
| | - Fiorella Inga-Berrospi
- Grupo de Investigación en Gestión y Salud Pública, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
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Are mental health awareness efforts contributing to the rise in reported mental health problems? A call to test the prevalence inflation hypothesis. NEW IDEAS IN PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.newideapsych.2023.101010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Shih CA, Yang MH. Effect of Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT) on Social Interaction and Quality of Life in Patients with Schizophrenia during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Experimental Study. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci) 2023; 17:37-43. [PMID: 36646276 PMCID: PMC9837379 DOI: 10.1016/j.anr.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Most patients with schizophrenia exhibit low willingness to return to society because of negative social experiences. The COVID-19 pandemic led to severe social isolation for schizophrenia patients. However, animal-assisted therapy (AAT) can improve individuals' empathy, social functions, and quality of life. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of AAT in improving social interactions and quality of life in patients with chronic schizophrenia during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS An experimental study was conducted, with six institutions for psychiatric rehabilitation in Taiwan as the case institutions. Patients in these institutions were randomly allocated to the experimental group, which received 60 minutes of AAT once a week for 12 weeks, or the control group, which engaged in routine discussion groups and watched short films about animals. Comparisons between the two groups were made before and after the intervention on social function, social adaptive function, and quality of life. Data were collected before the intervention (T1), immediately after the intervention (T2), and 3 months after the intervention (T3). RESULTS Comparison between groups showed that social functioning was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group at T2. However, there was no sign of improvement in social adaptive functions of the experimental group. The experimental group exhibited significantly higher quality of life than the control group at T2 and T3. CONCLUSIONS There was an impact of COVID-19 on the studied effects. AAT improved social functioning and quality of life in patients with chronic schizophrenia. The effect on quality of life lasted only up to 3 months after the intervention. AAT should be promoted for use as a community-based rehabilitation tool in patients with chronic schizophrenia. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2200061715. https://www.chictr.org.cn.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Man-Hua Yang
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taiwan.
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9
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Ma KKY, Burn AM, Anderson JK. Review: School-based mental health literacy interventions to promote help-seeking - a systematic review. Child Adolesc Ment Health 2022. [PMID: 36377083 DOI: 10.1111/camh.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND School-based mental health literacy interventions aim to prevent mental disorders and promote mental wellbeing through improving the knowledge and understanding of mental health, mental disorders, and reducing stigma. Evidence suggests that good mental health literacy helps young people recognise mental health difficulties in themselves and in others, and seek help for mental health problems. Improved help-seeking can allow for early intervention, which prevents the progression of mental disorders and ultimately reduces the burden of mental disorders. The aim of this review is to identify and synthesise evidence on the effectiveness of school-based mental health literacy interventions in improving help-seeking outcomes. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, ERIC, Child Development and Adolescent Studies, British Education Index and ASSIA (June 2020). Additional searches were conducted a year later to identify any new publications (June 2021). We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effectiveness or cost-effectiveness of school-based interventions to improve help-seeking outcomes for children and young people aged 4-18 years. Included studies were critically appraised. RESULTS We identified 11 studies investigating help-seeking outcomes of school-based mental health literacy interventions including a total of 7066 participants from 66 secondary schools. Overall, there is no strong evidence for the effectiveness of school-based mental health literacy interventions in improving help-seeking outcomes, including general attitudes towards help-seeking, personal intentions to seek help, knowledge of when and how to seek help for mental disorders, confidence to seek help, and actual help-seeking behaviours. None of the studies investigated the cost-effectiveness of the interventions. CONCLUSION The lack of standardised measures with established reliability and validity for help-seeking outcomes, and the incomprehensive consideration of the multi-faceted concepts of MH literacy and MH stigma have contributed to the scarcity of evidence for the effectiveness. Future research should focus on developing standardised measurement tools and including economic evaluations to understand pragmatic and financial aspects of school-based mental health literacy interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne-Marie Burn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Beukema L, Tullius JM, Korevaar L, Hofstra J, Reijneveld SA, de Winter AF. Promoting Mental Health Help-Seeking Behaviors by Mental Health Literacy Interventions in Secondary Education? Needs and Perspectives of Adolescents and Educational Professionals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11889. [PMID: 36231190 PMCID: PMC9565342 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191911889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mental health literacy (MHL) interventions in secondary schools may help to improve competencies that adolescents require to stay mentally healthy and seek help if mental health problems arise. These MHL interventions should be tailored to the needs of adolescents and educational professionals (EPs) to reach sustainable implementation and long-term effectiveness. However, evidence is lacking on these needs. Thus, our aim was to explore their experiences with, and perspectives on, mental health help seeking and needs regarding MHL interventions. We performed online focus group discussions and interviews with adolescents (n = 21; 13-19 years) and EPs (n = 12) and analyzed the data using directed content analysis. We identified three themes related to mental health help seeking: (1) Limited MHL competencies of adolescents, (2) Limited competencies of EP to provide mental health support, and (3) Limited mental health promotion in the school environment. We further identified three themes regarding MHL interventions: (1) Addressing basic mental health knowledge and skills, (2) Interactive and easily accessible, and (3) Sustainable implementation. Improving the MHL competencies of adolescents and EPs, and creating a mental health-literate school environment can promote adolescents' mental health help seeking. Our findings highlight the importance of developing MHL interventions that are tailored to both adolescents' and EPs needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindy Beukema
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1/FA10, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Janne M. Tullius
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1/FA10, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lies Korevaar
- Research and Innovation Centre for Rehabilitation, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, 9747 AA Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacomijn Hofstra
- Research and Innovation Centre for Rehabilitation, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, 9747 AA Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sijmen A. Reijneveld
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1/FA10, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea F. de Winter
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1/FA10, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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Atilola O, Ayinde O, Obialo FK, Adeyemo SO, Adegbaju D, Anthony R. Towards school-based mental health programs in Nigeria: the immediate impact of a depression-literacy program among school-going adolescents and their teachers. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2022; 16:70. [PMID: 35999596 PMCID: PMC9400212 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-022-00503-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression-literacy, which is the foundational requirement for symptom recognition, positive attitude and help-seeking, is poor among adolescents in Nigeria. This study, therefore, aims to determine the impact of a school-based training program on depression-literacy among a cohort of high-school students and their teachers in South-West Nigeria. METHODS An adapted version of the Break Free from Depression, a 4-module depression awareness curriculum for staff and students, was implemented among students and their teachers. Paired-sample T-test was used to assess the domain-specific (knowledge, attitude, and confidence) impact of the training by comparing the baseline and immediate (within the week of the training) post-scores. RESULTS A total of 3098 students and 294 teachers from 21 schools across three states in South-West Nigeria successfully completed the training. There was a significant positive difference (p < 0.05), at post-test, in the knowledge, attitude, and confidence among the students. The same was observed among teachers except for attitude where positive change did not reach significant level (p = 0.06). When statistically significant, the calculated effect size (eta squared) was highest for knowledge (students: 0.07, p = 0.001; teachers: 0.08, p < 0.000) and least for attitude (students: 0.003, p = 0.002 teachers: 0.085, p = 0.06). Multiple regression analyses result showed that the level of pre-scores predicted the magnitude of change in all domains of depression-literacy (p < 0.05) after controlling for age, gender, and type of school among the students, but not for teachers. CONCLUSIONS School-based depression-literacy programs can lead to significant positive change in knowledge, attitude, and confidence of students and teachers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olayinka Atilola
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - Olatunde Ayinde
- grid.9582.60000 0004 1794 5983Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Felix-Kingsley Obialo
- grid.9582.60000 0004 1794 5983Center for Creativity and Entrepreneurial Studies, Dominican University Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Sunday Oladotun Adeyemo
- grid.412320.60000 0001 2291 4792Department of Psychology, Olabisi Onabanjo University Ago-Iwoye, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria
| | - Dapo Adegbaju
- grid.490120.e0000 0004 9338 1163Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
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Barrow E, Thomas G. Exploring perceived barriers and facilitators to mental health help-seeking in adolescents: a systematic literature review. EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY IN PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02667363.2022.2051441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Barrow
- School of Environment, Education and Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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13
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Waumans RC, Muntingh ADT, Draisma S, Huijbregts KM, van Balkom AJLM, Batelaan NM. Barriers and facilitators for treatment-seeking in adults with a depressive or anxiety disorder in a Western-European health care setting: a qualitative study. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:165. [PMID: 35247997 PMCID: PMC8898419 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03806-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research on barriers and facilitators regarding treatment-seeking of adults with depressive and anxiety disorders has been primarily conducted in the Anglosphere. This study aims to gain insight into treatment-seeking behaviour of adults with depressive and anxiety disorders in a European healthcare system. METHODS In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 participants, aged ≥18 years and diagnosed with an anxiety disorder and/or depressive disorder according to DSM-IV. Participants were purposively sampled from an outpatient department for mental health care in the Netherlands. The seven steps of framework analysis were used to identify relevant themes emerging from the interviews. RESULTS Data analysis suggested an interplay between individual aspects, personal social system, healthcare system and sociocultural context influences. Amongst the most relevant themes were mental health illiteracy, stigma, a negative attitude toward professional help, the influence of significant others and general practitioner, and waiting time. Financial barriers were not of relevance. CONCLUSIONS Even in a country with a well-developed mental health care system and in absence of financial barriers, there are many barriers to treatment-seeking in adult patients with depressive and anxiety disorders. National campaigns to increase awareness and decrease stigma in the general population, and to empower the social environment might reduce the treatment gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth C. Waumans
- grid.16872.3a0000 0004 0435 165XAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.420193.d0000 0004 0546 0540GGZ inGeest Specialised Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna D. T. Muntingh
- grid.16872.3a0000 0004 0435 165XAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.420193.d0000 0004 0546 0540GGZ inGeest Specialised Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stasja Draisma
- grid.16872.3a0000 0004 0435 165XAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.420193.d0000 0004 0546 0540GGZ inGeest Specialised Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas M. Huijbregts
- grid.491146.f0000 0004 0478 3153GGNet, Mental Health – RGC Winterswijk, Winterswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Anton J. L. M. van Balkom
- grid.16872.3a0000 0004 0435 165XAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.420193.d0000 0004 0546 0540GGZ inGeest Specialised Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje M. Batelaan
- grid.16872.3a0000 0004 0435 165XAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.420193.d0000 0004 0546 0540GGZ inGeest Specialised Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Li XY, Liu Q, Chen P, Ruan J, Gong X, Luo D, Zhou Y, Yin C, Wang XQ, Liu L, Yang BX. Predictors of Professional Help-Seeking Intention Toward Depression Among Community-Dwelling Populations: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:801231. [PMID: 35280177 PMCID: PMC8907597 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.801231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A low intention of professional help seeking hinders the effective treatment of depression. The factors are from the perspectives of the social, family, and individual; however, an understanding of how they interact to predict professional help-seeking intention (PHSI) is not clear. Objectives The objectives of the study was to investigate PHSI toward depression in a Chinese community-dwelling population and construct a predictive model of the PHSI to explore the various factors involved. Methods Stratified random sampling and Kish table methods were used to identify 2,000 community residents. Participants completed a series of questionnaires to measure general characteristics, PHSI, professional help-seeking attitude, depression stigma, depression knowledge, family function, and depression symptoms. Analyses included descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis using SPSS 26.0 and a Structural Equation Model using Amos 22.0. Results The score of the PHSI was 14.92 ± 9.574. Professional help-seeking attitude (r = 0.291, p < 0.001) and depression knowledge (r = 0.077, p = 0.002) were positively related to PHSI, while a negative correlation was found between stigma (r = -0.149, p < 0.001) and PHSI. The model of the PHSI indicated a good fit with a CMIN/DF = 2.740 and RESEA = 0.032. The total effect of the influencing factors on the PHSI was listed in the following order: professional help-seeking attitude (0.676) > stigma (-0.143) > depression knowledge (0.088) > depression symptoms (-0.009) > family function (0.005). The total effect of depression knowledge on PHSI included a direct negative effect (Beta = -0.266, p < 0.001) and an indirect positive effect (0.354) through professional help-seeking attitude and stigma. Also, depression knowledge was negatively associated with stigma (Beta = -0.153, p < 0.001). Depression symptoms were negatively associated with family function (Beta = -0.282, p < 0.001), depression knowledge (Beta = -0.252, p < 0.001), and stigma (Beta = -0.102, p < 0.001), indicating that people with less severe depression symptoms had good family function, depression knowledge, and higher stigma. Family function contributed a positive effect on depression knowledge directly (Beta = 0.145, p < 0.001) and a totally positive effect (0.033) on stigma. Conclusion The PHSI toward depression is low among Chinese community residents. Professional help-seeking attitude, depression knowledge, and family functioning were facilitators of PHSI, and stigma and the severity of depression symptoms were barriers to PHSI. This study provides reference for the development of policies and guidelines to promote community residents to actively seek professional mental health help. Future policies can focus on multicollaboration among the government, mental health services, and families to increase the mental health resources, improve family functioning, enhance mental health literacy (MHL) of the public, and reduce depression stigma to ease the burden of this mental health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yi Li
- School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Liu
- School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pan Chen
- School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Ruan
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Gong
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Luo
- School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong Yin
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China
| | | | | | - Bing Xiang Yang
- School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Population and Health Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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15
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“Love in the Later Years…”: Perceptions of Sex and Sexuality in Older Indian Adults — a Qualitative Exploration. CONSORTIUM PSYCHIATRICUM 2022. [DOI: 10.17816/cp153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The world faces global population ageing. With this demographic shift and increased life-expectancy, healthcare services are focused on healthy ageing. Sexual health is a vital yet neglected dimension of general health and wellbeing in older adults. This study aimed to explore sexual experiences and perceptions of sexuality among older people in India.
METHODS: A qualitative approach with social constructivist paradigm was used. 20 participants aged above 60 years were recruited through purposive sampling until thematic saturation was reached. In-person, in-depth interviews were conducted using a semi-structured guide after an initial pilot study. They were audio-recorded, transcribed, and translated verbatim. Thematic analysis was conducted, and rigor ensured through triangulation and respondent validation.
RESULTS: The overarching categories were sexuality as a mode of resilience, emotional stability and intimacy as attributes of sexual pleasure, and lack of sexual rights awareness. The main categories (themes) were sexual experiences (intimate touch, non-penile sex, personal meanings of sexuality), partner expectations (companionship, support, continuity of care, proximity), and barriers against sexual expression (social stereotypes, stigma, lack of audience in healthcare services). The older people were accepting of their sexual difficulties and coped through relationship dynamics. Participant voices are discussed with regard to the socio-cultural context.
CONCLUSION: Sexual wellbeing is connected with ageing well. Our findings suggest that older people retain sexual desires and fantasies through changed patterns and expectations. Healthcare services, policymakers and academia need to be informed about older peoples sexual needs and rights.
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Slotte S, Ramsøy-Halle H, Melby L, Kaasbøll J. Facilitating factors for seeking help for mental health problems among Norwegian adolescent males: A focus group interview study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1049336. [PMID: 36569606 PMCID: PMC9780027 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1049336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young males are overrepresented in suicide statistics and underrepresented in statistics of help-seeking and receiving help from formal health services compared with young females. Few studies have examined facilitating factors for help-seeking among adolescent males with no previous experience seeking mental health help. This study aimed to explore thoughts, attitudes, and experiences regarding facilitating factors toward formal help-seeking for mental health problems among Norwegian adolescent males. METHOD Three focus group interviews were conducted, each including four adolescent males with no experience with help-seeking or receiving help from a help service for mental health problems. The interviews addressed topics such as barriers and facilitating factors for help-seeking and preferences regarding structural factors and modes of delivery of help. Data were analyzed according to the systematic text condensation method. RESULTS The analysis revealed three main categories of facilitating factors: (1) transparent information and available help services, (2) proactive and outreaching help services, and (3) the possibility for discreet help-seeking. CONCLUSIONS Improving help-seeking is integral to accessing care and improving mental health. Help services can be more accessible and approachable for male adolescents if they offer discretion, the possibility to remain anonymous, the option to receive help in a convenient context, and outreach services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Slotte
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare (RKBU Central Norway), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hege Ramsøy-Halle
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare (RKBU Central Norway), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Line Melby
- SINTEF Digital, Department of Health Research, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jannike Kaasbøll
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare (RKBU Central Norway), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,SINTEF Digital, Department of Health Research, Trondheim, Norway
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