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Olude OA, Odeyemi K, Kanma-Okafor OJ, Badru OA, Bashir SA, Olusegun JO, Atilola O. Mental health status of doctors and nurses in a Nigerian tertiary hospital: A COVID-19 experience. S Afr J Psychiatr 2022; 28:1904. [PMID: 36340640 PMCID: PMC9634655 DOI: 10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Healthcare professionals (HCPs) working to save lives during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic are under tremendous physical and psychological pressure, therefore facing the risk of developing challenges with mental health. Aim This study aimed primarily to determine the prevalence and factors associated with depression, anxiety and stress among HCPs in a tertiary hospital in Lagos State during the COVID-19 pandemic. Setting Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH), Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria. Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted between June and July 2021 among 1452 doctors and nurses in LASUTH, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria, selected by the multistage sampling method. Depression, anxiety and stress were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire, Generalised Anxiety Disorder and Perceived Stress Scale, respectively. Results The majority of respondents were female (72.5%), with two-thirds being nurses. The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress was 9.8%, 5.0% and 62.4%, respectively. Nurses showed a higher prevalence of these mental health conditions as compared with doctors. Younger HCPs, nurses, those that lost a colleague to COVID-19, and those whose family members were infected with COVID-19 were more likely to be depressed. Nurses and those afraid of being infected were more likely to experience anxiety. Younger HCPs, nurses, history of anxiety and/or depression and previous COVID-19 infection were identified as factors associated with stress. Conclusion Stress was the most prevalent mental health condition with nurses being the most affected of the HCPs and at a greater risk of developing challenges with mental health. Psychosocial interventions and stress management techniques are recommended to minimise the risks. Contribution This study adds to the few studies on the mental health of HCPs during COVID-19 and calls for in-depth surveys to understand psychosocial challenges among HCPs in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olufunto A Olude
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal Neuropsychiatry Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Kofoworola Odeyemi
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Clinical Science, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Oluchi J Kanma-Okafor
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Clinical Science, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Oluwaseun A Badru
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Shakira A Bashir
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal Neuropsychiatry Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - John O Olusegun
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Federal Neuropsychiatry Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olayinka Atilola
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Science, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria
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2
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Mundt AP, Langerfeldt SD, Maphisa JM, Sourabié O, Yongsi BN, Serri ER, Bukasa Tshilonda JC, Te JH, Bitta MA, Mathe L, Liwimbi O, Dos Santos PF, Atilola O, Jansen S, Diegane Tine JA, Akran C, Jalloh A, Kagee A, Van Wyk ES, Forry JB, Imasiku ML, Chigiji H, Priebe S. Changes in rates of psychiatric beds and prison populations in sub-Saharan Africa from 1990 to 2020. J Glob Health 2022; 12:04054. [PMID: 36056592 PMCID: PMC9440375 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.12.04054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Psychiatric bed numbers (general, forensic, and residential) and prison populations have been considered indicators of institutionalization. The present study aimed to assess changes of those indicators across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) from 1990 to 2020. Methods We retrospectively obtained data on psychiatric bed numbers and prison populations from 46 countries in SSA between 1990 and 2020. Mean and median rates, as well as percentage changes between first and last data points were calculated for all of SSA and for groups of countries based on income levels. Results Primary data were retrieved from 17 out of 48 countries. Data from secondary sources were used for 29 countries. From two countries, data were unavailable. The median rate of psychiatric beds decreased from 3.0 to 2.2 per 100 000 population (median percentage change = -16.1%) between 1990 and 2020. Beds in forensic and residential facilities were nonexistent in most countries of SSA in 2020, and no trend for building those capacities was detected. The median prison population rate also decreased from 77.8 to 71.0 per 100 000 population (-7.8%). There were lower rates of psychiatric beds and prison populations in low-income and lower-middle income countries compared with upper-middle income countries. Conclusions SSA countries showed, on average, a reduction of psychiatric bed rates from already very low levels, which may correspond to a crisis in acute psychiatric care. Psychiatric bed rates were, on average, about one twenty-fifth of countries in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), while prison population rates were similar. The heterogeneity of trends among SSA countries over the last three decades indicates that developments in the region may not have been based on coordinated policies and reflects unique circumstances faced by the individual countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian P Mundt
- Medical Faculty, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Neurología y Psiquiatría, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - J Maphisa Maphisa
- Department of Psychology, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Oumar Sourabié
- Psychiatrist, Regional Center Hospital of Fada N'gourma, Fada N'gourma, Burkina Faso
| | - Blaise Nguendo Yongsi
- Institute for Training & Research in Population Studies, University of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Enzo Rozas Serri
- Departamento de Neurología y Psiquiatría, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Jeronimo H Te
- West African Epidemiology Network on Drug Use (WENDU), Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | - Mary A Bitta
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,KEMRI-Welcome Trust Research Program, Kilifi, Kenya
| | | | - Olive Liwimbi
- Zomba Mental Hospital, Ministry of Health, Zomba, Malawi
| | | | - Olayinka Atilola
- Lagos State University College of Medicine (LASUCOM), Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Stefan Jansen
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Jean A Diegane Tine
- Institute of Health and Development, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Abdul Jalloh
- Sierra Leone Psychiatric Teaching Hospital, Freetown, Sierra Leone.,College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Ashraf Kagee
- Alan Fisher Centre for Public Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town.,Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth S Van Wyk
- Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Jimmy B Forry
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.,Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry, Kampala, International University-Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda.,Department of Psychiatry, Mubende Regional Referral Hospital, Mubende, Uganda
| | | | | | - Stefan Priebe
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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3
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Atilola O, Ayinde O, Obialo FK, Adeyemo SO, Adegbaju D, Anthony R. Towards school-based mental health programs in Nigeria: the immediate impact of a depression-literacy program among school-going adolescents and their teachers. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2022; 16:70. [PMID: 35999596 PMCID: PMC9400212 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-022-00503-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression-literacy, which is the foundational requirement for symptom recognition, positive attitude and help-seeking, is poor among adolescents in Nigeria. This study, therefore, aims to determine the impact of a school-based training program on depression-literacy among a cohort of high-school students and their teachers in South-West Nigeria. METHODS An adapted version of the Break Free from Depression, a 4-module depression awareness curriculum for staff and students, was implemented among students and their teachers. Paired-sample T-test was used to assess the domain-specific (knowledge, attitude, and confidence) impact of the training by comparing the baseline and immediate (within the week of the training) post-scores. RESULTS A total of 3098 students and 294 teachers from 21 schools across three states in South-West Nigeria successfully completed the training. There was a significant positive difference (p < 0.05), at post-test, in the knowledge, attitude, and confidence among the students. The same was observed among teachers except for attitude where positive change did not reach significant level (p = 0.06). When statistically significant, the calculated effect size (eta squared) was highest for knowledge (students: 0.07, p = 0.001; teachers: 0.08, p < 0.000) and least for attitude (students: 0.003, p = 0.002 teachers: 0.085, p = 0.06). Multiple regression analyses result showed that the level of pre-scores predicted the magnitude of change in all domains of depression-literacy (p < 0.05) after controlling for age, gender, and type of school among the students, but not for teachers. CONCLUSIONS School-based depression-literacy programs can lead to significant positive change in knowledge, attitude, and confidence of students and teachers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olayinka Atilola
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - Olatunde Ayinde
- grid.9582.60000 0004 1794 5983Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Felix-Kingsley Obialo
- grid.9582.60000 0004 1794 5983Center for Creativity and Entrepreneurial Studies, Dominican University Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Sunday Oladotun Adeyemo
- grid.412320.60000 0001 2291 4792Department of Psychology, Olabisi Onabanjo University Ago-Iwoye, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria
| | - Dapo Adegbaju
- grid.490120.e0000 0004 9338 1163Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
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Atilola O. PERSPECTIVES ON THE GROWING INFLUENCE OF PROFESSIONAL BODIES ON UNIVERSITY EDUCATION: MEDICAL AND ALLIED-HEALTH EDUCATION AS A REFERENCE. Ann Ib Postgrad Med 2022; 20:14-17. [PMID: 37006647 PMCID: PMC10061672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- O Atilola
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria
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5
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Ogunsuji O, Ogundipe H, Adebayo O, Oladehin T, Oiwoh S, Obafemi O, Soneye O, Agaja O, Uyilawa O, Efuntoye O, Alatishe T, Williams A, Ilesanmi O, Atilola O. Internal Reliability and Validity of Copenhagen Burnout Inventory and Oldenburg Burnout Inventory Compared with Maslach Burnout Inventory among Nigerian Resident Doctors: A Pilot Study. Dubai Med J 2022. [DOI: 10.1159/000521376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Copyrighted Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) is perhaps the most widely used and validated tool in assessing burnout among different occupations and health care professionals compared to the free to use Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) and Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI). This study aimed to determine the reliability and validity of these tools in comparison with MBI among a subset of Nigerian resident doctors. Methods: A cross-sectional survey with reliability of the burnout scales calculated using Cronbach’s alpha. Construct validity was assessed by principal component analysis and correlating dimensions within each burnout tool with one another using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The criterion validity of each dimension was assessed for the ability of independent variables to predict their scores using multiple linear regression. Results: Copenhagen Personal Burnout dimension had the highest Cronbach’s alpha score of 0.91. MBI-Emotional Exhaustion had the highest correlations with Copenhagen Work-related, Copenhagen Personal-related, and Oldenburg Exhaustion burnout dimensions. Only the multiple regression models for Copenhagen personal (p = 0.04) and work-related (p = 0.02) burnout dimensions were significant, with the specialty of the residents being the significant independent variable in both models. Conclusion: CBI and OLBI have high internal consistency and reliability among the subset of resident doctors recruited into this study, CBI dimensions had the best predictive and construct validity and can be used as valid alternative to MBI.
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Adeniran A, Odugbemi BA, Fisher OO, Atilola O. Determinants of Adherence among Patients on Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy in Lagos State, Nigeria. West Afr J Med 2021; 38:520-525. [PMID: 34174178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor medication adherence in HIV treatment is a public health problem as it leads to increased morbidity and mortality, as well as the development of drug resistance. There is limited information on the determinants of adherence among people living with HIV/AIDS especially in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed at assessing the determinants of adherence to HAART among people living with HIV/AIDS in Lagos State, Nigeria. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among 302 respondents selected from three public health facilities across the state. The study instrument was an interviewer-administered questionnaire adapted from the Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS). Data analysis was performed using Epi Info software. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the determinants of adherence. Level of significance for all the tests was set at p-value <0.05. RESULTS Seventy percent of respondents reported being adherent to medication. There were statistically significant associations between respondents' age, having children, good knowledge of HIV and medication adherence. In addition, it was observed that the type of anti-retroviral (ARV) drug schedule, never missing an appointment, belonging to a support group and disclosure of status were associated with HAART adherence. Controlling for other variables, those that had disclosed their status were twice as likely to adhere to HIV medication (aOR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.1-4.8). Also, those who had never missed a clinic appointment were three times more likely to adhere to prescribed medication (aOR: 3.4; 95% CI: 1.7-6.5). CONCLUSION Disclosure of HIV status and clinic attendance were key determinants of adherence among patients on HAART in Lagos, Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Adeniran
- Department of Community Health & Primary Health Care, Lagos State University College of Medicine (LASUCOM), Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - B A Odugbemi
- Department of Community Health & Primary Health Care, Lagos State University College of Medicine (LASUCOM), Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - O O Fisher
- Lagos State AIDS Control Agency, Lagos Island, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - O Atilola
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine (LASUCOM), Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
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7
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Stupar D, Stevanovic D, Vostanis P, Atilola O, Moreira P, Dodig-Curkovic K, Franic T, Doric A, Davidovic N, Avicenna M, Multazam IN, Nussbaum L, Thabet AA, Ubalde D, Petrov P, Deljkovic A, Monteiro AL, Ribas A, Jovanovic M, Joana O, Knez R. Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among trauma-exposed adolescents from low- and middle-income countries. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2021; 15:26. [PMID: 34090487 PMCID: PMC8180049 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-021-00378-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to traumatic events in childhood is associated with the development and maintenance of various psychiatric disorders, but most frequently with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the types of traumatic events experienced and the presence and predictors of PTSD symptoms among adolescents from the general population from ten low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). METHODS Data were simultaneously collected from 3370 trauma-exposed adolescents (mean age = 15.41 [SD = 1.65] years, range 12-18; 1465 (43.5%) males and 1905 (56.5%) females) in Brazil, Bulgaria, Croatia, Indonesia, Montenegro, Nigeria, the Palestinian Territories, the Philippines, Romania, and Serbia, with Portugal, a high-income country, as a reference point. The UCLA PTSD Reaction Index for the DSM-5 (PTSD-RI-5) was used for the assessment of traumatic events and PTSD symptoms. RESULTS The most frequently reported traumatic events were death of a close person (69.7%), witnessing violence other than domestic (40.5%), being in a natural disaster (34.4%) and witnessing violent death or serious injury of a close person (33.9%). In total, 28.5% adolescents endorsed two to three DSM-5 PTSD criteria symptoms. The rates of adolescents with symptoms from all four DSM-5 criteria for PTSD were 6.2-8.1% in Indonesia, Serbia, Bulgaria, and Montenegro, and 9.2-10.5% in Philippines, Croatia and Brazil. From Portugal, 10.7% adolescents fall into this category, while 13.2% and 15.3% for the Palestinian Territories and Nigeria, respectively. A logistic regression model showed that younger age, experiencing war, being forced to have sex, and greater severity of symptoms (persistent avoidance, negative alterations in cognitions and mood, and alterations in arousal and reactivity) were significant predictors of fulfilling full PTSD criteria. CONCLUSIONS Nearly every third adolescent living in LMICs might have some PTSD symptoms after experiencing a traumatic event, while nearly one in ten might have sufficient symptoms for full DSM-5 PTSD diagnosis. The findings can inform the generation of PTSD burden estimates, allocation of health resources, and designing and implementing psychosocial interventions for PTSD in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusko Stupar
- Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Stevanovic
- Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Panos Vostanis
- School of Psychology, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - Olayinka Atilola
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Paulo Moreira
- Lusíada University, Porto, Portugal
- CIPD, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Tomislav Franic
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Ana Doric
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Davidovic
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Mohamad Avicenna
- Faculty of Psychology, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Laura Nussbaum
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes", Timisoara, Romania
| | - Abdul Aziz Thabet
- School of Public Health, Gaza Branch, Al Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestinian Territories, Israel
| | - Dino Ubalde
- Department of Psychology, St. Dominic College of Asia, City of Bacoor, Bacoor, Philippines
| | - Petar Petrov
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital St. Marina, Varna, Bulgaria
| | | | | | - Adriana Ribas
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rajna Knez
- Department of Pediatrics, Skaraborgs Hospital Skövde, Skövde, Sweden.
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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8
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Enebeli UU, Adebayo O, Igbokwe MC, Babalola R, Makinde MA, Kanmodi KK, Sokomba A, Ogunsuji OO, Durowade KA, Ilesanmi OS, Atilola O. Factors Driving the Acquisition of University Postgraduate Degrees among Resident Doctors in Nigeria. Hosp Top 2021; 100:62-68. [PMID: 34016008 DOI: 10.1080/00185868.2021.1926382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The study examined the characteristics and factors driving the acquisition of postgraduate academic degrees among resident doctors in Nigeria. About 10% of the respondents had a form of university postgraduate degree with majority being master's degree. Having more than seven years of professional practice was the only factor predicting the acquisition of postgraduate academic degrees amongst the respondents [AOR: 0.243 (95% CI: 0.069,0.856; p = 0.028)]. The acquisition of postgraduate degree is not common among the surveyed resident doctors; and those that will acquire it do so in the later part of their career.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo U Enebeli
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Port Harcourt, Alakahia, Nigeria
| | - Oladimeji Adebayo
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Martin C Igbokwe
- Department of Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Rereoluwa Babalola
- Department of Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Aliyu Sokomba
- Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Oluwaseyi O Ogunsuji
- Department of Periodontology & Community Dentistry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Kabir A Durowade
- Department of Community Medicine, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.,Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Olayinka S Ilesanmi
- Department of Community Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.,Department of Community Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olayinka Atilola
- Department of Psychiatry, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria.,Department of Psychiatry, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria.,Department of Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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9
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Atilola O, Stevanovic D, Moreira P, Dodig-Ćurković K, Franic T, Djoric A, Davidovic N, Avicenna M, Noor IM, Monteiro AL, Ribas A, Stupar D, Deljkovic A, Nussbaum L, Thabet A, Ubalde D, Petrov P, Vostanis P, Knez R. External locus-of-control partially mediates the association between cumulative trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress symptoms among adolescents from diverse background. Anxiety Stress Coping 2021; 34:626-644. [PMID: 33650438 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2021.1891224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Locus of control (LOC) is a modifiable mediator of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among traumatized individuals and a potential target of intervention. Compared with studies involving adults, the potential mediation effect of LOC on PTSD symptoms among trauma-exposed children and adolescents is relatively under-explored. This study, therefore, assessed the mediation effects of LOC on the association between lifetime cumulative trauma and PTSD symptoms among a large cohort of adolescents from different cultural background. Cross-sectional study. LOC was determined using the Multi-Dimension Locus of Control Scale; Posttraumatic stress symptoms using the UCLA PTSD Reaction Index; and other significant negative life events using the Life Events Checklist. Among 3826 adolescents who completed the study, external LOC explained 24% of variance (R2 = .24; F2,3823 = 619.01; p < .01) in PTSD symptoms and had significant indirect effect on the relationship between self-reported cumulative traumatic event exposure and PTSD symptoms (ß = .14; 95% BC CI [.10, .20]). Moderated mediation results showed significant potentiation of the moderation effects among older adolescents; boys; and those from more affluent families. The study further strengthened the hitherto limited evidence that external LOC partially mediate the relationship between cumulative trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olayinka Atilola
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Dejan Stevanovic
- Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Paulo Moreira
- University Lusíada North (Porto), CIPD; CLISSIS, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Tomislav Franic
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Ana Djoric
- Department of psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Davidovic
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Mohamad Avicenna
- Faculty of Psychology, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Adriana Ribas
- Institute of Psychology, Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dusko Stupar
- Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Laura Nussbaum
- Department of Department of Neurosciences, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | | | - Dino Ubalde
- Department of Psychology, St. Dominic College of Asia, City of Bacoor, Philippines
| | - Petar Petrov
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital St. Marina, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Panos Vostanis
- School of Psychology, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - Rajna Knez
- Medical school, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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10
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Atilola O, Abiri G, Ola B. Psychiatric morbidity among adolescents and youth involved with the juvenile justice system in sub-Saharan Africa: Systematic scoping review of current studies and research gaps. Int J Law Psychiatry 2020; 73:101633. [PMID: 33188993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2020.101633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The current body of knowledge on the prevalence rate of psychiatric morbidity among adolescents and youth within the juvenile justice system in sub-Saharan Africa is yet to be systematically synthesized.. Consequently, African literature in the field has remained obscure, out of consideration in global discourses around the subject.; and incoherent to policy-makers. The situation has also hampered the identification of and filling of regional research-gaps in the field. The aim of this study, therefore, was to conduct a systematic scoping review of available data on psychiatric morbidity among adolescents and youth within the juvenile justice system in sub-Saharan Africa. The search was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE, Science Direct, EMBASE, CINAHL and Psych Info. Additional searches were done in Google Scholar and African Journal Online (AJOL) databases. Twenty-six studies from 21 different research projects were identified. More than two-thirds were conducted in Nigeria and published within the last decade. Similar to what has been established around the world, the prevalence rate of psychiatric disorder was often very high, with a range of 59.7% - 63.0% among respondents. Key strengths of identified studies included use of standardized clinician-administered instruments for assessment and exploration of a wide range of psychiatric disorders. The main weaknesses in the studies included male gender-bias, lack of normative comparison groups, emphasis on custodial settings with little data on non-custodial systems, and considerable length of time-lag between the points of incarceration and psychiatric evaluation among the samples studied.. The study concluded that a modest number of studies have been conducted on psychiatric morbidity among justice-involved adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa, but there are still significant research gaps which could be bridged in order to aid context-appropriate interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olayinka Atilola
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | | | - Bolanle Ola
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria
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11
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Ogunsuji O, Adebayo O, Olaopa O, Amoo A, Igbokwe M, Babalola R, Sokomba A, Atilola O, Ilesanmi O, Durowade K. Evaluating the Relationship between Duty Hours and Quality of Life of Nigerian Early Career Doctors. Hosp Top 2020; 98:118-126. [PMID: 32794436 DOI: 10.1080/00185868.2020.1789521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study explored association between early career doctors (ECDs) duty hours and their quality of life (QoL). Information was collected on socio-demographics, duty hours and QoL of 391 Nigerian ECDs. Results showed median of 70 duty-hours weekly, 10 call-days monthly and 6 sleep-hours daily. Weekly duty-hours and daily sleep-hours were significantly negatively and positively correlated respectively with all four domains of WHOQoL. QoL potentially affects health of ECDs especially mental health. Policies targeted at improving ECDs workforce, working conditions should improve QoL and curtail the potential impact of brain drain and attrition among ECDs in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseyi Ogunsuji
- Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oladimeji Adebayo
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun Olaopa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Abimbola Amoo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Martin Igbokwe
- Department of Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Rereloluwa Babalola
- Department of Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Aliyu Sokomba
- Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Olayinka Atilola
- Department of Psychiatry, Lagos State University/Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olayinka Ilesanmi
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Ibadan/University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Kabir Durowade
- Department of Community Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria.,Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
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12
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Murray J, Atilola O. Determinants of youth crime in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2020; 4:96-98. [PMID: 31956017 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(19)30378-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Murray
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-610, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Olayinka Atilola
- College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
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13
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Moreira P, Vaz JM, Stevanovic D, Atilola O, Dodig-Ćurković K, Franic T, Djoric A, Davidovic N, Avicenna M, Multazam Noor I, Campos MLA, Ribas A, Stupar D, Deljkovic A, Nussbaum L, Thabet A, Ubalde D, Petrov P, Vostanis P, Knez R, Atilola O, Stevanovic D, Avicenna M, Balhara YPS, Franic T, Knez R, Vostanis P, Dodig-Ćurković K, Davidovic N, Ana N, Paulo M, Multazam Noor I, Monteiro LA, Ribas A, Stupar D, Deljkovic A, Nussbaum L, Thabet A, Ubalde D, Petrov P, Olanrewaju O, Bolanle L. Locus of control, negative live events and psychopathological symptoms in collectivist adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.109601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Hughes N, Ungar M, Fagan A, Murray J, Atilola O, Nichols K, Garcia J, Kinner S. Health determinants of adolescent criminalisation. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2020; 4:151-162. [PMID: 31956016 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(19)30347-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Several conditions related to health and development in adolescence can increase the risk that a young person will be exposed to the criminal justice system. Such determinants include neurodevelopmental disability, poor mental health, trauma, and experiences of maltreatment. Furthermore, the risk of exposure to the criminal justice system seems to be amplified by social marginalisation and inequality, such that young people are made susceptible to criminal behaviour and criminalisation by a combination of health difficulties and social disadvantages. This Review presents evidence on the health determinants of criminalisation among adolescents, providing a persuasive case for policy and practice reform, including for investment in approaches to prevent criminalisation on the basis of health and developmental difficulties, and to better address related needs once within a criminal justice system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Hughes
- Department of Sociological Studies, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Michael Ungar
- School of Social Work, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Abigail Fagan
- Department of Sociology and Criminology and Law, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Joseph Murray
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Olayinka Atilola
- College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Kitty Nichols
- Department of Sociological Studies, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Joana Garcia
- School of Social Work, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Stuart Kinner
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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15
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Adewuya AO, Ola BA, Coker O, Atilola O, Fasawe A, Ajomale T. A stepped care intervention for non-specialist health workers' management of depression in the Mental Health in Primary Care (MeHPriC) project, Lagos, Nigeria: A cluster randomised controlled trial. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2019; 60:76-82. [PMID: 31351240 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of a developed stepped care intervention for management of depression in primary care. METHODS A cluster randomised controlled trial with primary care centres (PHCs) as unit of randomization. Five PHCs were randomised to stepped care intervention (SCI) group and another 5 PHCs were randomised to enhanced usual care (eUCA) control group. Participants were adults (18-60 years) with clinically significant depression symptoms. The primary outcome was clinical recovery at 12th months follow up. The outcome assessors were blinded to the cluster allocation. RESULTS There were 456 participants in SCI group and 451 in eUCA group. At 12 months, clinical recovery was significantly higher in the SCI group compared with the eUCA group (60.3% vs 18.2%, ARR 3.10, 95% CI 2.15-3.87). The SCI group also had significantly better quality of life and lesser rates of disability, death or deliberate self-harm compared to the eUCA group. Subgroup analysis within the SCI group showed no difference in clinical outcomes between participants receiving problem solving therapy (PST) and those receiving antidepressants. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that stepped care intervention significantly improved clinical outcomes at 12 months. This lends support to growing evidence of clinically effective intervention for depression at primary care level in less resourced countries. TRIAL REGISTRATION http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN66243738.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiodun O Adewuya
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Centre for Mental Health Research & Initiative (CEMHRI), Lagos, Nigeria; Lagos State Ministry of Health, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - Bolanle A Ola
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olurotimi Coker
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olayinka Atilola
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
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Abstract
Background There is mixed evidence for the hypothesis that the risk of depression after stroke is influenced by the location of lesions in the hemispheres, demographic and clinical factors, and disability of stroke survivors. Aim The current study determined the prevalence of depression and its socio-demographic and clinico-pathological correlates among stroke survivors in a tertiary hospital in Lagos, Nigeria. Method The cross-sectional study was carried out among 112 adult patients with a clinical history of stroke confirmed by neuroimaging. Depression was diagnosed using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. The socio-demographic profile was obtained, and cognitive impairment was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination. Stroke severity was assessed retrospectively using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale and current disability was measured using the Modified Rankin Scale. Results There were 48 (42.9%) stroke survivors with a clinical diagnosis of depression. Using binary logistic regression, the independent determinants of depression were younger age, unemployment, perceived poor social support, increasing number of previous admissions because of stroke, cognitive impairment, severity of stroke and current disability status. However, there was no significant association between depression and lesion location. Conclusion Depression is a common associate of stroke, and there is a need for sustained focus on young stroke survivors with severe stroke, especially those who do not have social support and have low socio-economic status, who may have a higher risk of developing depression following stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olushola Olibamoyo
- Department of Psychiatry, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Abiodun Adewuya
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Bolanle Ola
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olurotimi Coker
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olayinka Atilola
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria
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17
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Doric A, Stevanovic D, Stupar D, Vostanis P, Atilola O, Moreira P, Dodig-Curkovic K, Franic T, Davidovic V, Avicenna M, Noor M, Nussbaum L, Thabet A, Ubalde D, Petrov P, Deljkovic A, Antonio ML, Ribas A, Oliveira J, Knez R. UCLA PTSD reaction index for DSM-5 (PTSD-RI-5): a psychometric study of adolescents sampled from communities in eleven countries. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2019; 10:1605282. [PMID: 31105904 PMCID: PMC6507911 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2019.1605282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Children and adolescents are often exposed to traumatic events, which may lead to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It is therefore important for clinicians to screen for potential symptoms that can be signs of PTSD onset. PTSD in youth is a worldwide problem, thus congruent screening tools in various languages are needed. Objective: The aim of this study was to test the general psychometric properties of the Traumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index for children and adolescents (UCLA PTSD) Reaction Index for DSM-5 (PTSD-RI-5) in adolescents, a self-report instrument intended to screen for trauma exposure and assess PTSD symptoms. Method: Data was collected from 4201 adolescents in communities within eleven countries worldwide (i.e. Brazil, Bulgaria, Croatia, Indonesia, Montenegro, Nigeria, Palestine-Gaza, Philippines, Portugal, Romania, and Serbia). Internal consistency, discriminant validity, and a confirmatory factor analysis of a four-factor model representing the main DSM-5 symptoms of the PTSD-RI-5 were evaluated. Results: The PTSD-RI-5 total score for the entire sample shows very good reliability (α = .92) as well as across all countries included (α ranged from .90 to .94). The correlations between anxiety/depressive symptoms and the PTSD-RI-5 scores were below .70 indicating on good discriminant validity. The four-factor structure of the scale was confirmed for the total sample and data from six countries. The standardized regression weights for all items varied markedly across the countries. The lack of a common acceptable model across all countries prevented us from direct testing of cross-cultural measurement invariance. Conclusions: The four-factor structure of the PTSD-RI-5 likely represents the core PTSD symptoms as proposed by the DSM-5 criteria, but there could be items interpreted in a conceptually different manner by adolescents from different cultural/regional backgrounds and future cross-cultural evaluations need to consider this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Doric
- Department of Psychology (Center for Applied Psychology), Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Dejan Stevanovic
- Child Psychiatry, Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dusko Stupar
- Child Psychiatry, Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Panos Vostanis
- School of Psychology, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - Olayinka Atilola
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Katarina Dodig-Curkovic
- Medical Faculty Osijek, Faculty for Dental Medicine and Health, University Health Center Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Franic
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Vrljicak Davidovic
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Hospital Centre Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Mohamad Avicenna
- Faculty of Psychology, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Multazam Noor
- Psychiatry department, Dr Soeharto Heerdjan Mental Hospital Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Laura Nussbaum
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes", Timisoara, Romania
| | - Abdelaziz Thabet
- School of Public Health, Al Quds University, Gaza Branch, Palestine
| | - Dino Ubalde
- Department of Psychology, St. Dominic College of Asia, City of Bacoor, Philippines
| | - Petar Petrov
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital St. Marina, Varna, Bulgaria
| | | | | | - Adriana Ribas
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Rajna Knez
- Department of Women´s and Children´s health, Skaraborgs Hospital, Skövde, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Medical School, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.,University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Göteborg, Sweden
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18
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Adebayo O, Kanmodi K, Ekundayo O, Efuntoye O, Ogunsuji O, Ibiyo M, Tanimowo A, Buowari D, Ibrahim Y, Grillo E, Amoo A, Omololu A, Adeniyi A, Kpuduwei S, Ola O, Igbokwe M, Okoro-Ocheme C, Oduyemi I, Egbuchulem I, Agbogidi J, Babalola R, Egwu O, Aigbomian E, Fagbule O, Tobin-West C, Durowade K, Ilesanmi O, Atilola O. Challenges of residency training and early career doctors in Nigeria study (charting study): A protocol paper. Niger J Med 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/1115-2613.278584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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19
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Adewuya AO, Coker OA, Atilola O, Ola BA, Zachariah MP, Adewumi T, Olugbile O, Fasawe A, Idris O. Gender difference in the point prevalence, symptoms, comorbidity, and correlates of depression: findings from the Lagos State Mental Health Survey (LSMHS), Nigeria. Arch Womens Ment Health 2018; 21:591-599. [PMID: 29594370 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-018-0839-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
It is still unclear whether the gender difference in the rate of depression cuts across cultures or is specific to some depressive symptoms. This study evaluated the gender difference in current prevalence, symptoms, comorbidity, and correlates of depression in Lagos, Nigeria. A total of 11,246 adult participants (6525 females and 4712 males) in a face-to-face household survey were assessed for symptoms of depression. They were also assessed for symptoms of anxiety, somatic symptoms, alcohol and substance use disorders, and disability. The difference between the point prevalence for symptoms of depression in females (6.3%, s.e 0.3) and males (4.4%, s.e 0.3) was significant (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.14-1.59). Compared to males, females had significantly higher rates for anhedonia (OR 1.20), hypersomnia (OR 2.15), fatigue (OR 1.49), guilt/worthless feeling (OR 1.41), poor concentration (OR 1.32), psychomotor retardation (OR 1.51), and suicidal ideation (OR 1.32). However, poor appetite (OR 0.69) and comorbidity with alcohol use (OR 0.25) was significantly lower in females compared to males. The significantly higher rates for depression in females were only restricted to below 45 years and higher socioeconomic status. Our study further contributed to the growing literature suggesting that the gender differences in rates of depression not only cut across many cultures, but most pronounced with atypical symptoms, not affected by recall bias and seems to disappear with increasing age. These need to be considered when formulating mental health policies for equitable and acceptable health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiodun O Adewuya
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria. .,Centre for Mental Health Research & Initiative, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - Olurotimi A Coker
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olayinka Atilola
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Bolanle A Ola
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Mathew P Zachariah
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Tomilola Adewumi
- Centre for Mental Health Research & Initiative, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Olajide Idris
- Lagos State Ministry of Health, Alausa, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
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Atilola O, Abiri G, Ola B. The Nigerian juvenile justice system: from warehouse to uncertain quest for appropriate youth mental health service model – RETRACTION. BJPsych Int 2018; 19:56. [PMID: 35532392 PMCID: PMC9046831 DOI: 10.1192/bji.2018.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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21
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Atilola O, Abiri G, Ola B. The Nigerian juvenile justice system: from warehouse to uncertain quest for appropriate youth mental health service model – RETRACTED. BJPsych Int 2018; 19:E4. [PMID: 35532370 PMCID: PMC9046824 DOI: 10.1192/bji.2017.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental health services for youths within the juvenile justice system remain a contemporary global discourse. To bring perspectives from under-resourced regions, we examine the current limitations of some globalised models for mental health services within the juvenile justice system in Nigeria. The important, multi-systemic steps needed to adapt the system for modern mental health promotion and services are highlighted.
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Atilola O, Abiri G, Ola B. The Nigerian juvenile justice system: from warehouse to uncertain quest for appropriate youth mental health service model. BJPsych Int 2018; 16:19-21. [PMID: 30747167 PMCID: PMC6357525 DOI: 10.1192/bji.2017.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental health service provision for youth within the juvenile justice system remains a topic of contemporary global discourse. To bring perspectives from under-resourced regions, we examine the current limitations of some globalised models for mental health services within the juvenile justice system in Nigeria. The important multi-systemic steps needed to reposition the system for modern mental health promotion and services are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Atilola
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; email
| | - G Abiri
- Child and Adolescent Unit, Federal Neuro-psychiatric Hospital Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - B Ola
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; email
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23
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Atilola O, Ola B, Abiri G, Adewuya AO. Correlations between psychopathology and self-reported quality of life among adolescents in youth correctional facilities in Lagos, Nigeria: A short report. Crim Behav Ment Health 2018; 28:28-35. [PMID: 28752943 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between psychopathology and quality of life (QoL) and well-being among young incarcerated offenders has hardly been explored. AIMS Our aim was to test the hypothesis that higher self-rated psychopathology would be associated with lower QoL among adolescents resident within youth correctional facilities in Lagos. METHODS Psychopathology was assessed using the Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire (SDQ), while QoL was measured by using the Paediatric Quality of Life. RESULTS One hundred and sixty-five adolescents completed the study, mostly boys (n = 124; 75%) with a mean age of 14.3 ± 2.1 years. Nearly, a fifth (30, 18%) of respondents had abnormal total SDQ scores (≥17), suggestive of definite psychiatric disorder, while another 44 (27%) had highly probable psychopathology (total SDQ scores 15-16). There was strong negative correlation (r = -0.51, p < 0.001) between total SDQ scores and overall self-reported QoL among respondents. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Although we were unable to infer direction of relationship between psychopathology and QoL among these adolescents, it is plausible to suppose that treatment of mental health problems could have a positive impact on rehabilitation and reintegration. Given the rate of likely psychopathology, mental health screening within young offender institutions should be routine, and followed, as necessary with full assessment and resultant treatment. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olayinka Atilola
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Psychiatry, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Bolanle Ola
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Psychiatry, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Gbonjubola Abiri
- Child and Adolescent Unit, Federal Neuro-psychiatric Hospital Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Abiodun O Adewuya
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Psychiatry, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
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24
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Adewuya AO, Atilola O, Ola BA, Coker OA, Zachariah MP, Olugbile O, Fasawe A, Idris O. Current prevalence, comorbidity and associated factors for symptoms of depression and generalised anxiety in the Lagos State Mental Health Survey (LSMHS), Nigeria. Compr Psychiatry 2018; 81:60-65. [PMID: 29268153 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety are very prevalent, highly co-morbid, burdensome with huge treatment gaps in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aimed to estimate the current prevalence of symptoms of depression and generalised anxiety, examine co-morbid conditions and associated sociodemographic factors in Lagos state, Nigeria. METHODS A face to face household survey completed by 11,246 adult participants (age 18-75years). Clinically significant symptoms of depression, generalised anxiety and somatic symptoms were assessed using the specific modules of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) respectively. Alcohol use, substance use and disability were assessed with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-short form (AUDIT-C), the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I) and the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) respectively. RESULTS The mean age was 36.75 (sd 12.3) years and there were 6525 (58.0%) females. The weighted current prevalence of symptoms of depression, generalised anxiety and combined depression/generalised anxiety were 5.5% (se 0.3), 3.5% (se 0.2) and 1.2% (se 0.1) respectively. About 20.9% of all cases of depressive symptoms have co-morbidity with symptoms of generalised anxiety. Symptoms of depression and generalised anxiety had high co-morbidity with somatic symptoms, alcohol use problems and disability but not substance use disorders. Being female, not married (especially separated/divorced or widowed) and unemployment were significantly associated with presence of either symptoms of depression or generalised anxiety. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that despite the popularity of cross-national surveys, there is need for individual countries and states to generate complimentary local data to plan effective local response to close the huge treatment gap for common mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiodun O Adewuya
- Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Centre for Mental Health Research & Initiative, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - Olayinka Atilola
- Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Bolanle A Ola
- Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | - Olajide Idris
- Lagos State Ministry of Health, Alausa, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
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25
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Ola B, Atilola O. Validation of CRAFFT for Use in Youth Correctional Institutions in Lagos, Nigeria. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 2017; 45:439-446. [PMID: 29282234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Substance-related disorders (SRD) are common psychiatric morbidities among adolescents within youth correctional systems. Identification and treatment of SRDs is critical for successful reformation and reintegration. Lack of simple, structured, valid, brief screening instruments that can be easily administered and scored by lay workers militates against screening for SRDs. We present the results of the reliability and concurrent validity of the CRAFFT (acronym for Car, Relax, Alone, Forget, Friends, and Trouble) substance abuse screening instrument among residents of youth correctional facilities in Lagos, Nigeria. Adolescents who screened positive on CRAFFT were further assessed with the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS) to determine whether they met diagnostic criteria for SRDs. The mean CRAFFT scores for all the adolescents (n = 178) was 0.66 (SD ± 1.45). A total of 23 (12.9%) had CRAFFT scores of >1.00. The CRAFFT instrument has good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.85) and 2-week test reliability (Spearman correlation = 0.979; p < .001). At a cutoff point of >1.00, CRAFFT had the best sensitivity and specificity (area under the curve = 0.889; 95% confidence interval 0.765-1.000) among the participants. As validated, the CRAFFT is a reliable instrument for screening for SRDs in incarcerated youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolanle Ola
- Dr. Ola is an Associate Professor and Honorary Consultant Psychiatrist and Dr. Atilola is a Lecturer and Honorary Consultant Psychiatrist, Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olayinka Atilola
- Dr. Ola is an Associate Professor and Honorary Consultant Psychiatrist and Dr. Atilola is a Lecturer and Honorary Consultant Psychiatrist, Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.
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Atilola O, Ola B, Abiri G, Sahid-Adebambo M, Odukoya O, Adewuya A, Coker O, Folarin O, Fasawe A. Status of mental-health services for adolescents with psychiatric morbidity in youth correctional institutions in Lagos. J Child Adolesc Ment Health 2017. [PMID: 28639494 DOI: 10.2989/17280583.2017.1321550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High prevalence rates of psychiatric morbidity have been documented among adolescents within youth correctional institutions in Nigeria. However, there has not been prior investigation to determine the capacity for and nature of mental health services being provided in these institutions. OBJECTIVES To assess psychiatric morbidity among adolescents within youth correctional institutions in Lagos, while simultaneously examining the capacity for and the scope of mental health services. METHODS Psychiatric morbidity and alcohol/substance use disorder were assessed among 165 respondents using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and the CRAFFT screening tool for adolescent substance use disorder. Availability of mental-health services in the institutions was examined using an 'audit protocol'. RESULTS We found prevalence rates of 18.2% and 15.8% of general psychiatric morbidity and alcohol/ substance use disorder, respectively, among the adolescents. Only about a third (34.3%; n = 20) of the operational staff at the institutions had educational backgrounds relevant to psycho-social services for children/adolescents, while less than a quarter (22.4%, n = 13) has ever received any training in child mental health services. There was no evidence of mental health screening and intervention in the service framework within the institutions. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that there was evidence for significant mental health service gaps within the youth correctional services in Lagos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olayinka Atilola
- a Department of Behavioural Medicine , Lagos State University College of Medicine , Ikeja Lagos , Nigeria.,b Department of Psychiatry , Lagos State University Teaching Hospital Ikeja , Lagos , Nigeria
| | - Bolanle Ola
- a Department of Behavioural Medicine , Lagos State University College of Medicine , Ikeja Lagos , Nigeria.,b Department of Psychiatry , Lagos State University Teaching Hospital Ikeja , Lagos , Nigeria
| | - Gbonjubola Abiri
- c Child and Adolescent Unit , Federal Neuro-psychiatric Hospital Yaba , Lagos , Nigeria
| | | | | | - Abiodun Adewuya
- a Department of Behavioural Medicine , Lagos State University College of Medicine , Ikeja Lagos , Nigeria.,b Department of Psychiatry , Lagos State University Teaching Hospital Ikeja , Lagos , Nigeria
| | - Olurotimi Coker
- a Department of Behavioural Medicine , Lagos State University College of Medicine , Ikeja Lagos , Nigeria.,b Department of Psychiatry , Lagos State University Teaching Hospital Ikeja , Lagos , Nigeria
| | - Oluwadamilola Folarin
- a Department of Behavioural Medicine , Lagos State University College of Medicine , Ikeja Lagos , Nigeria
| | - Adedolapo Fasawe
- e Mental Health Desk , Lagos State Ministry of Health , Ikeja Lagos , Nigeria
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Stevanovic D, Jafari P, Knez R, Franic T, Atilola O, Davidovic N, Bagheri Z, Lakic A. Can we really use available scales for child and adolescent psychopathology across cultures? A systematic review of cross-cultural measurement invariance data. Transcult Psychiatry 2017; 54:125-152. [PMID: 28157447 DOI: 10.1177/1363461516689215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In this systematic review, we assessed available evidence for cross-cultural measurement invariance of assessment scales for child and adolescent psychopathology as an indicator of cross-cultural validity. A literature search was conducted using the Medline, PsychInfo, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. Cross-cultural measurement invariance data was available for 26 scales. Based on the aggregation of the evidence from the studies under review, none of the evaluated scales have strong evidence for cross-cultural validity and suitability for cross-cultural comparison. A few of the studies showed a moderate level of measurement invariance for some scales (such as the Fear Survey Schedule for Children-Revised, Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children, Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale, Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, Mood and Feelings Questionnaire, and Disruptive Behavior Rating Scale), which may make them suitable in cross-cultural comparative studies. The remainder of the scales either showed weak or outright lack of measurement invariance. This review showed only limited testing for measurement invariance across cultural groups of scales for pediatric psychopathology, with evidence of cross-cultural validity for only a few scales. This study also revealed a need to improve practices of statistical analysis reporting in testing measurement invariance. Implications for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aneta Lakic
- Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth
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Stevanovic D, Atilola O, Vostanis P, Pal Singh Balhara Y, Avicenna M, Kandemir H, Knez R, Franic T, Petrov P, Maroco J, Terzic Supic Z, Bagheri Z. Cross-Cultural Measurement Invariance of Adolescent Self-Report on the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory ™ 4.0. J Res Adolesc 2016; 26:687-695. [PMID: 28453201 PMCID: PMC5856231 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the cross-cultural measurement invariance of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory version 4.0 (PedsQL™) among adolescents sampled from Bulgaria, Croatia, India, Indonesia, Nigeria, Serbia, and Turkey. The multiple-indicator multiple-cause (MIMIC) model was used, which allowed controlling of demographic variables (i.e., age, gender, and socioeconomic status). Significant effects of country on scores within the PedsQL™ domains were observed, with up to 17 items showing differential item functioning (DIF) across the countries. We did not find support for cross-cultural measurement invariance hypotheses for scores on the PedsQL™ adolescent self-report in this study. Researchers should use caution in making cross-cultural quality of life comparisons while using the PedsQL.
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Adewuya AO, Ola BA, Coker OA, Atilola O, Zachariah MP, Olugbile O, Fasawe A, Idris O. Prevalence and associated factors for suicidal ideation in the Lagos State Mental Health Survey, Nigeria. BJPsych Open 2016; 2:385-389. [PMID: 27990294 PMCID: PMC5153566 DOI: 10.1192/bjpo.bp.116.004333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To combat the increasing rate of suicide, basic data on suicidal behaviours reflecting the uniqueness of the locality are needed in sub-Saharan Africa. AIMS To assess the prevalence of suicidal ideation and associated factors. METHOD Adults (n=11 246) from the five administrative divisions of Lagos State completed questionnaires detailing suicidal ideation, socio-demographic details, common mental disorders (depression, anxiety and somatic symptoms), alcohol and psychoactive substance use disorders and disability. RESULTS The weighted prevalence of current suicidal ideation was 7.28% (s.e. 0.27). Independently associated factors were older age, being female, not married, low occupational group, depression, anxiety, somatic symptoms and disability. CONCLUSIONS Despite the validity of cross-national surveys, there is need for individual countries to generate complementary local data to explain variability in rates and risk factors in order to plan for suicide prevention or develop timely and effective response. DECLARATION OF INTEREST None. COPYRIGHT AND USAGE © The Royal College of Psychiatrists 2016. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Non-Commercial, No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiodun O Adewuya
- , MPH, FWACP, FMCPscyh, Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria; Centre for Mental Health Research & Initiative, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Bolanle A Ola
- , FWACP, FMCPsych, PhD, Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olurotimi A Coker
- , Msc, FWACP, Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olayinka Atilola
- , FWACP, FMCPsych, Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Mathew P Zachariah
- , PhD, Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Olajide Idris
- , MBBS, MPH, Lagos State Ministry of Health, Lagos, Nigeria
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Oladimeji O, Ushie BA, Udoh EE, Oladimeji KE, Ige OM, Obasanya O, Lekharu D, Atilola O, Lawson L, Eltayeb O, Gidado M, Tsoka-Gwegweni JM, Ihekweazu CA, Chasela CS. Psychosocial wellbeing of patients with multidrug resistant tuberculosis voluntarily confined to long-term hospitalisation in Nigeria. BMJ Glob Health 2016; 1:e000006. [PMID: 28588950 PMCID: PMC5321341 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2015-000006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Patient isolation, which is a widely successful treatment strategy for tuberculosis (TB), has been suspected to have effects on patient psychosocial wellbeing. We assessed the psychosocial wellbeing of multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB) patients in voluntary and isolated long-term hospitalisation in Nigeria. Methods 98 accessible and consenting patients in four drug-resistant treatment centres (University College Hospital and Government Chest Hospital, Ibadan; Mainland Hospital, Lagos, and Lawrence Henshaw Memorial Hospital, Calabar) were enrolled in this study. Data were collected using an 18-item psychosocial wellbeing questionnaire including sociodemographic characteristics. We used descriptive statistics to present demographic characteristics; the χ2 test was used to assess associations between psychosocial wellbeing and independent variables and the relationship was modelled using logistic regression. Results The mean age of respondents was 36.1±11.9 years and 63% were males. Respondents had been in hospital an average of 4.5±1.9 months. Females had more psychosocial concerns compared with males. The most common concerns recorded among respondents were concern that people will get to know that the respondent had a bad type of TB (70%), discontent with being separated from and longing for the company of their marital partner (72%), concerns that they may have taken too many drugs (73%), and displeasure with being unable to continue to engage in their usual social and economic activities (75%). Respondents who were employed had eight times the odds of having more psychosocial concerns than the median number among respondents. Respondents who were supported by their own families during hospitalisation experienced a lower burden of psychosocial concerns compared with those who were supported by third parties. Conclusions Prolonged hospitalisation resulted in significant psychosocial burden for the MDR-TB patients in our study centres. There is a need to consider alternative approaches that place less psychosocial burden on patients without compromising quality of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olanrewaju Oladimeji
- HIV/AIDS, STIs & TB (HAST) Programme, Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC), South Africa.,Discipline of Public Health Medicine, College of Health Science, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | | | - Kelechi Elizabeth Oladimeji
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, College of Health Science, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,HIV/AIDs Treatment Unit, Centre for the Aids Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA)
| | - Olusoji Mayowa Ige
- Respiratory Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Olayinka Atilola
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine Ikeja Lagos, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Lovett Lawson
- Department of Community Medicine and Primary Healthcare, Bingham University, Nasarawa, Nigeria
| | | | - Mustapha Gidado
- Programme Management Unit, KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, Nigeria
| | - Joyce M Tsoka-Gwegweni
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, College of Health Science, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Charles S Chasela
- HIV/AIDS, STIs & TB (HAST) Programme, Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC), South Africa
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Atilola O, Ola B. Towards school mental health programmes in Nigeria: systematic review revealed the need for contextualised and culturally-nuanced research. J Child Adolesc Ment Health 2016; 28:47-70. [PMID: 27088276 DOI: 10.2989/17280583.2016.1144607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND School-based mental health programmes, a potential avenue to reach many children and youth, are not yet developed in Nigeria. In view of the importance of cultural nuances in mental health issues, initial groundwork towards the establishment of these programmes in Nigeria must be cognizant of cultural peculiarities at the outset. OBJECTIVES The objective of the study was to critically examine, through the lens of transcultural psychiatry, all the currently available epidemiological studies and needs assessments relevant to school-based mental health programmes in Nigeria. METHODS The study was a systematic review of relevant studies available from MEDLINE, Science Direct, PsychInfo, Google Scholar, and AJOL databases. RESULTS This review shows that there is an ongoing effort at documenting the burden of mental health problems and risks, resource needs, and the available resource and capacity for school-based mental health programmes in Nigeria. However, generally speaking these epidemiological data and needs assessments are significantly limited in epistemological philosophy and cultural contextualisation. This was evidenced by a preponderance of non-representative data, quantitative assessments, and decontextualised interpretation of results and conclusions. CONCLUSIONS Going forward, recommendations are offered for culturally-nuanced epidemiology and the direction is set for context-appropriate needs assessments for school-based mental health programmes in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olayinka Atilola
- a Department of Behavioural Medicine , Lagos State University College of Medicine Ikeja , Lagos Nigeria
| | - Bolanle Ola
- a Department of Behavioural Medicine , Lagos State University College of Medicine Ikeja , Lagos Nigeria
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Balhara YPS, Gupta R, Atilola O, Knez R, Mohorović T, Gajdhar W, Javed AO, Lal R. Problematic Internet Use and Its Correlates Among Students from Three Medical Schools Across Three Countries. Acad Psychiatry 2015; 39:634-638. [PMID: 26130501 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-015-0379-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors aimed to assess and compare problematic internet use among medical students enrolled in a graduate degree course in one school each from Croatia, India, and Nigeria and to assess correlates of problematic use among these students. METHODS The questionnaire included a sociodemographic profile of participants and Young's Internet Addiction Test. RESULTS The final analysis included 842 subjects. Overall, 38.7 and 10.5 % of respondents scored in the mild and moderate categories. Only a small fraction (0.5 %) of students scored in the severe category. Being male and spending more time on the internet were correlated with problematic internet use. Moreover, a significantly higher proportion of participants who scored above the cutoff used the Internet for browsing, social networking, chatting, gaming, shopping, and viewing pornography. However, there was no difference between the two groups with regard to using the internet for e-mailing or academic activities. CONCLUSIONS It is important to address problematic internet use among medical students. The correlates can help identify those at increased risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatan Pal Singh Balhara
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC), WHO Collaborating Centre on Substance Abuse, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.
| | - Rishab Gupta
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC), WHO Collaborating Centre on Substance Abuse, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Olayinka Atilola
- Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Wamique Gajdhar
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC), WHO Collaborating Centre on Substance Abuse, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Ahmed O Javed
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC), WHO Collaborating Centre on Substance Abuse, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Lal
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC), WHO Collaborating Centre on Substance Abuse, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
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Akinyemi OO, Atilola O, Soyannwo T. Suicidal ideation: Are refugees more at risk compared to host population? Findings from a preliminary assessment in a refugee community in Nigeria. Asian J Psychiatr 2015; 18:81-5. [PMID: 26412050 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Among the serious mental health problems that may be associated with being a refugee is suicidal behavior. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation among African refugees in Oru-Ijebu Nigeria. Suicidal ideation was assessed using appropriate section in the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview while the brief version of the WHO Quality of Life was used to assess quality of life as a clinical variable. Study involved 444 refugees and 527 non-refugee member of host community. Result showed that the prevalence of suicidal ideation was significantly higher among the refugees than the non-refugee comparison group (27.3% vs. 17.3%; p<0.001). Social status and quality of life was significantly poorer among the refugees compared with their non-refugee members of same community. Quality of life was the only factor independently associated with suicidal ideations among refugees. In conclusion, the study shows that the prevalence of suicidal ideation is significantly higher among the refugees than the non-refugee members of the host community and calls for innovative ways of extending mental health services to refugees at the study site.
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Affiliation(s)
- O O Akinyemi
- Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - O Atilola
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine Ikeja Lagos, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - T Soyannwo
- Department of Community Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Atilola O. Cross-cultural child and adolescent psychiatry research in developing countries. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2015; 2:e5. [PMID: 28596853 PMCID: PMC5269637 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2015.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental disorders are currently a major source of morbidity among children and youth globally. The bulk of the epidemiological data about childhood mental health morbidity currently comes from the industrialized countries which paradoxically host a small (about 20%) proportion of global children and youth population. As the world seek to generate more data on the mental health of the teeming children and youth population in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), cross-cultural issues need be considered. This consideration is imperative for reasons which include the high level of ethno-diversity in LMICs; the contextual issues in the conceptualization of normal (and abnormal) childhood across cultures, the cross-cultural nuances in risk and protective factors, and the plurality of nature and expression of childhood psychopathology. As much as it is imperative to do so, advancing cross-cultural child and adolescent research in LMICs will need to overcome challenges such as inclusive sampling and cultural validation of instruments developed in the industrialized countries of the West. Funding, technical resources, and publication bias are other potential challenges. These issues are appraised in this narrative review and some ways forward are proffered.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Atilola
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine Ikeja, LagosNigeria
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Abstract
BACKGROUND As most child health initiatives in Nigeria lack a child and adolescent mental health (CAMH) strategy, CAMH issues have remained obscure to the country's policy-makers. The lack of current and representative epidemiological data on the mental health of Nigerian children continues to be a barrier to advocacy for CAMH policy initiatives. In view of the importance of CAMH to national development, there must be a continued search for ways of bringing the state of CAMH in Nigeria to the attention of policy-makers. OBJECTIVES To use information from UNICEF's State of the World's Children as proxy data to speculate on the state of child mental health in Nigeria. METHODS With a view to discussing its CAMH implications, social and health indicators in the Nigerian child were extracted from UNICEF's 2012 edition. RESULTS Most of the social and health indicators assessed reflect significant mental health risks. Up to 65% of households live on less than US$1·25 per day, child malnutrition is evident in up to 40% of children, and the primary and secondary school net enrolment ratios are only 63% and 25%, respectively. In addition, the rate of attendance for antenatal care was 45%, and only 39% of deliveries were supervised by skilled birth attendants. Child labour and under-age marriage is very common. A literature review demonstrates that children living in these circumstances are at significant risk of mental health problems. CONCLUSION Current data on the state of Nigerian children contain indices that can serve as proxy information for the state of CAMH in the country. Policy-makers need to invest more in pre-emptive child health initiatives as a way of preserving the physical and mental health of children.
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Atilola O. Mental health service utilization in sub-Saharan Africa: is public mental health literacy the problem? Setting the perspectives right. Glob Health Promot 2015; 23:30-7. [PMID: 25749253 DOI: 10.1177/1757975914567179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The severely constrained resources for mental health service in less-developed regions like sub-Saharan Africa underscore the need for good public mental health literacy as a potential additional mental health resource. Several studies examining the level of public knowledge about the nature and dynamics of mental illness in sub-Saharan Africa in the last decade had concluded that such knowledge was poor and had called for further public enlightenment. What was thought to be mental health 'ignorance' has also been blamed for poor mainstream service utilization. These views however assume that non-alignment of the views of community dwellers in sub-Saharan Africa with the biomedical understanding of mental illness connotes 'ignorance', and that correcting such 'ignorance' will translate to improvements in service utilization. Within the framework of contemporary thinking in mental health literacy, this paper argues that such assumptions are not culturally nuanced and may have overrated the usefulness of de-contextualized public engagement in enhancing mental health service utilization in the region. The paper concludes with a discourse on how to contextualize public mental health enlightenment in the region and the wider policy initiatives that can improve mental health service utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olayinka Atilola
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine Ikeja, Nigeria.
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Atilola O. Level of community mental health literacy in sub-Saharan Africa: current studies are limited in number, scope, spread, and cognizance of cultural nuances. Nord J Psychiatry 2015; 69:93-101. [PMID: 25151995 DOI: 10.3109/08039488.2014.947319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The combination of high prevalence of mental disorders and the scarcity of resources to care for them in sub-Saharan Africa underscores the need for good mental health literacy as a potential mental health resource. AIM To conduct a systematic review of the findings of studies that have examined aspects of mental health literacy among community dwellers in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS A search was conducted using local and international indexes like MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsychInfo. RESULTS Only 19 studies from eight different countries met inclusion criteria. Key aspects of the functional mental health literacy that has been examined include recognition of mental disorders, knowledge about causation, and treatment preferences. The modes of seeking mental health information are yet to be examined. Some studies utilized a methodology that allowed for respondents to use local labels to describe their understanding of various mental disorders. Otherwise, respondents were largely unable to label orthodox psychiatry syndromes correctly. Supernatural and ultra-human views were rampant, and alternative mental health services were mostly preferred. Quantitative modes of assessment were the most common, and authors-especially those that adopted this mode of assessment-did not take full cognizance of socio-cultural underpinnings of the concept of mental health literacy in their conclusion and recommendations. CONCLUSION There is need for more studies to adopt more comprehensive approaches to the assessment of mental health literacy. The outcomes of such studies will provide the right context for making profound statements on the level of knowledge and skills for mental health promotion in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olayinka Atilola
- Olayinka Atilola, Department of Behavioral Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine Ikeja , Lagos Nigeria
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Stevanovic D, Atilola O, Balhara YPS, Avicenna M, Kandemir H, Vostanis P, Knez R, Petrov P. The Relationships Between Alcohol/Drug Use and Quality of Life Among Adolescents: An International, Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2013.773864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Atilola O, Stevanovic D, Balhara YPS, Avicenna M, Kandemir H, Knez R, Petrov P, Franic T, Vostanis P. Role of personal and family factors in alcohol and substance use among adolescents: an international study with focus on developing countries. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2014; 21:609-17. [PMID: 24612213 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Most studies examining adolescent alcohol and substance use or abuse hardly include samples from developing countries. To bridge some gap, the prevalence and associated social correlates of alcohol and substance use and abuse was examined among a cohort of school-going adolescents sampled from seven developing countries. Alcohol and substance abuse was measured using the CRAFFT instrument, independent socio-demographic correlates were determined using regression models. A total of 2454 adolescents completed the study, among which 40.9% reported using either alcohol or at least one other substance during the previous 12 months. This was mostly alcohol (37.8%), followed by marijuana/hashish (8.6%) and other substances (8.1%). Among the adolescents who reported using at least one substance, 45% (18.3% of total sample) had CRAFFT scores indicative of problematic or hazardous substance use. Several personal and family factors were independently associated with use/abuse, and the modifiable nature of these factors calls for appropriate intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Atilola
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
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Abstract
Background: Many children in Nigeria face a life of poverty, family
instability, inadequate educational opportunities and poor physical and
mental health which hinder their ability to develop into healthy adults,
live an improved quality of life or fulfil their life aspirations. These
factors have also been associated with juvenile delinquency and need
for institutional care. Objectives: As a step toward providing comprehensive services for
incarcerated children in Nigeria, this study aimed to identify the psychosocial
needs as well as types of psychopathology among a group
of incarcerated children at the Ibadan remand home. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of children and adolescents at the
Ibadan remand home was carried out using a semi-structured questionnaire. Results: A total of 59 children were assessed over a one year period.
Majority (90%) were in need of care and protection. All (100%) had
significant psychosocial needs presenting as difficulty with their primary
support, economic, social environment, or educational systems.
Majority (97%) also demonstrated significant psychopathology and
anxiety, suicidal and depressive symptoms were the most commonly
elicited. Conclusion: Incarcerated children in this study showed significant
mental health needs which need to be addressed as a matter of urgency.
This should be carried out through the collaborative efforts of
mental health professionals with various stakeholders in child care.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Bella
- Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital, Ibadan
| | - O Atilola
- Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital, Ibadan
| | - O O Omigbodun
- Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital, Ibadan ; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan
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Atilola O. Child mental-health policy development in sub-Saharan Africa: broadening the perspectives using Bronfenbrenner's ecological model. Health Promot Int 2014; 32:380-391. [DOI: 10.1093/heapro/dau065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Atilola O, Omigbodun O, Bella-Awusah T. Lifetime exposure to traumatic events among adolescents in contact with the Nigerian juvenile justice systems compared with a comparison group of secondary school students. Paediatr Int Child Health 2014; 34:92-100. [PMID: 24621244 DOI: 10.1179/2046905513y.0000000113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are some knowledge gaps in what is known about pre-contact exposure to traumatic events among adolescents within the juvenile justice system. Data often focus on psychological sequelae without describing the traumatic events. In addition, there are few data from sub-Saharan Africa where juvenile justice inmates are often minor offenders and may themselves have been victims of abuse and neglect. OBJECTIVE To present detailed data on the lifetime prevalence rate and pattern of traumatic events among a cohort of adolescents in juvenile justice custody in Nigeria and to compare inmates who are 'offenders' with those who are 'victims'. METHODS Inmates of a borstal and a remand home comprised the study group and age- and gender-matched adolescents from two government schools were the secondary comparison group. The trauma-checklist of the Current and Lifetime Version of the Kiddies Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia was used as a guide in assessing traumatic events. RESULTS Of a total of 408 adolescents, 204 were recruited from the two juvenile justice institutions and 204 from secondary schools. Ninety per cent of participants were male and the mean (SD) age was 15·9 (2·8) years. The prevalence rate of lifetime exposure to traumatic events among the juvenile justice offenders was 88·7% compared with 48·5% of the comparison group (P = 0·001). The most commonly reported specific lifetime traumatic event was physical abuse (52·8%). The institutionalised adolescents were significantly more likely to report lifetime exposure to almost all the traumatic events assessed. Apart from the perpetrators of violent crime, there was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence and pattern of lifetime exposure to traumatic events between the offenders and the victims. CONCLUSIONS This study provides further evidence that exposure to traumatic events is a fact of life for inmates of juvenile institutions, irrespective of whether they are offenders or victims. The implications for reform of the Nigerian juvenile justice system are discussed.
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Abstract
Recent reports in Nigeria indicate a geometric rise in incarcerated adolescents, with an overwhelming majority of this increase being attributed to adolescents being declared 'beyond parental control'. There is a nagging suspicion that the Nigerian juvenile justice system has over criminalised adolescents by declaring them 'beyond control' when behavioural problems have actually resulted from child abuse/neglect and family disruption. A study was undertaken in a juvenile justice institution in Nigeria to assess the adequacy of pre-incarceration parental care among adolescents that had been declared as 'beyond parental control'. The study included 75 adolescent boys that had been declared as 'beyond parental control' and a comparison group of 144 matched school going boys. It examined self-reports received from the adolescent boys regarding their pre-incarceration family life and social circumstances, as well as the behavioural problems they had experienced. The findings indicate that adolescent boys who were declared as 'beyond parental control' had a significantly higher lifetime history of behavioural problems than the comparison group, and they also had significantly higher indicators of pre-incarceration child abuse/neglect and problems with stability and consistency of primary support. These findings pose questions regarding the presumption of adequate parental care prior to the declaration of 'beyond parental control'. It also raises questions about child rights protection and juvenile justice reform in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olayinka Atilola
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Olayinka Omigbodun
- Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Tolulope Bella-Awusah
- Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
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Atilola O. Where lies the risk? An ecological approach to understanding child mental health risk and vulnerabilities in sub-saharan Africa. Psychiatry J 2014; 2014:698348. [PMID: 24834431 PMCID: PMC4009193 DOI: 10.1155/2014/698348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Efforts at improving child-health and development initiatives in sub-Saharan Africa had focused on the physical health of children due to the neglect of child and adolescent mental health (CAMH) policy initiatives. A thorough and broad-based understanding of the prevalent child mental-health risk and vulnerability factors is needed to successfully articulate CAMH policies. In this discourse, we present a narrative on the child mental-health risk and vulnerability factors in sub-Saharan Africa. Through an ecological point of view, we identified widespread family poverty, poor availability and uptake of childcare resources, inadequate community and institutional childcare systems, and inadequate framework for social protection for vulnerable children as among the risk and vulnerability factors for CAMH in the region. Others are poor workplace policy/practice that does not support work-family life balance, poor legislative framework for child protection, and some harmful traditional practices. We conclude that an ecological approach shows that child mental-health risks are diverse and cut across different layers of the care environment. The approach also provides a broad and holistic template from which appropriate CAMH policy direction in sub-Saharan Africa can be understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olayinka Atilola
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos 10001, Nigeria
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Atilola O, Stevanović D. PedsQLTM 4.0 Generic Core Scales for adolescents in the Yoruba language: translation and general psychometric properties. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2014; 19:286-98. [PMID: 23720492 DOI: 10.1177/1359104513488375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quality of life (QOL) is a universally accepted concept for measuring the impact of different aspects of life on general well-being. Adaptation of existing QOL instruments to local cultures has been identified as a better strategy than development of new ones. AIMS To translate and adapt the Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ Version 4.0 Generic Core Scales (PedsQL™) to the Yoruba language and culture and to test the psychometric properties of the adapted instrument among adolescents. METHODS Psychometric properties including internal consistency reliability, construct and factorial validity of the Yoruba version of PedsQL™ were evaluated using standard procedures. RESULTS The self report and proxy scales of the Yoruba PedsQL™ were developed with good cultural relevance and semantic/conceptual equivalence. Results from 527 adolescents revealed a Cronbach's coefficient which exceeded 0.7 for internal consistency reliability for all scores. The healthy subjects reported higher PedsQL™ scores than those with mental health and physical problems, which confirmed construct validity. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a good model fit for the Psychosocial Health score, but not for the other measures. CONCLUSIONS The Yoruba PedsQL™ is culturally appropriate and with good internal consistency, reliability and construct validity. More work is needed regarding its factorial validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olayinka Atilola
- 1Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria
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Atilola O, Omigbodun O, Bella-Awusah T, Lagunju I, Igbeneghu P. Neurological and intellectual disabilities among adolescents within a custodial institution in South-West Nigeria. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2014; 21:31-8. [PMID: 23362804 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A total of 67 adolescents from a juvenile remand home were matched with 67 other adolescents by age and gender, with a view to determine the prevalence and spectrum of neurological and intellectual disabilities. Intelligence quotient (IQ) was estimated using an adapted version of the Slosson's Intelligence Test and a full neurological evaluation was carried out. The mean IQ score for the remand home participants was significantly lower than the controls (77 ± 11 vs. 99 ± 14; t = 1.6, P = 0.001). Almost half (46.7%) of the participants in the remand home had intellectual disability of varying degrees, including borderline intellectual functioning, compared with only two (3.3%) of the comparison group (P < 0.001). Epilepsy and neurological deficits were significantly more prevalent among the remand home group, particularly those admitted as victims of neglect, compared with the comparison group (P ≤ 0.02). These findings and recent literature were used to speculate the possible underlying factors. Policy implications for child social welfare in Nigeria were suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Atilola
- Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Atilola O, Akinyemi O, Atilola B. Taking the first step towards entrenching mental health in the workplace: insights from a pilot study among HR personnel in Nigeria. Niger J Med 2014; 23:70-76. [PMID: 24946458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The continued relevance of optimal employee mental health to sustainable human capital development in the workplace underscores the need to start harnessing all resources that can be mobilized to promote the entrenchment of workplace mental health. The strategic place of workplace Human Resource (HR) units in formulating and implementing workplace welfare schemes makes them potential partners. To actualize this, it is important to initially assess the preparedness of HR personnel for, and the possible barriers to entrenching mental health in the workplace. To suggest the initial course of action and to serve as a template for a robust large-scale study, we conduct a pilot assessment of the experience with, attitudes towards, and level of prioritization of mental health in the workplace among a cohort of HR personnel in Nigeria. METHODS Participants were recruited in the course of a seminar/workshop and questionnaires were developed by authors to assess variables of interest. Attitudes were examined using an adapted form of the Link's Discrimination-Devaluation (LD-D) scale. RESULTS A total of 90 human-resource personnel completed the questionnaires. Only 16% of the participants reported having handled the case of an employee with a suspected mental health problem in the preceding 2 years. Attitudes toward employees and prospective employees with mental illness were largely poor. For instance, more than 70% were likely to consider for employment someone with a pre-existing physical disability than for someone with a history of mental illness. In terms of workplace health promotion priorities, physical health seminars took wide precedence over mental health seminars. CONCLUSION The preliminary findings of this pilot study justify a need to conduct a large scale study. Significant challenges encountered in the course of this pilot study were highlighted while insights were drawn for the conduct of the main study/project.
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Atilola O, Omigbodun O, Bella-Awusah T. Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms among Juvenile Offenders in Nigeria: Implications for Holistic Service Provisioning in Juvenile Justice Administration. J Health Care Poor Underserved 2014; 25:991-1004. [DOI: 10.1353/hpu.2014.0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Atilola O, Ayinde O, Adeitan O. Beyond prevalence and pattern: problematic extent of alcohol and substance use among adolescents in Ibadan South-west Nigeria. Afr Health Sci 2013; 13:777-84. [PMID: 24250321 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v13i3.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research on adolescent alcohol/substance use in Nigeria had focused on the pattern of use without consideration for the extent of use. Socio-demographic correlates have also not been well explored. Information about socio-demographic correlates can also inform target-points in preventive strategies. Knowledge of the prevalence of problematic pattern of alcohol/substance use can inform the inclusion of rehabilitation strategies in intervention policies. OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence, pattern and extent-as well as socio-demographic correlates-of alcohol/substance use among a cohort of adolescents in Nigeria. METHODS Pattern and extent of alcohol/substance use was examined using the CRAFFT instrument. RESULTS A total of 538 adolescents with a mean age of 15.1 ± 1.4 years returned completed questionnaires. 12-month prevalence of alcohol and other substance use was 21.4%. About 46% of those who reported use of alcohol or any other substance had a CRAFFT score of >2 which suggests problematic pattern of use. Older age, male gender, parental alcohol and substance and lower than average school performance were independently associated with 12-moNth use of alcohol or any other substance. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent alcohol and substance use is common in Nigeria and a large proportion of users show a problematic pattern of use that warrants rehabilitative intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Atilola
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos state University College of Medicine Ikeja Lagos, Nigeria ; Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria
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Abstract
This study examines the modes of framing mental illness in the Yoruba genre of Nigerian movies. All Yoruba films on display in a convenient sample of movie rental shops in Ibadan (Nigeria) were sampled for content. Of the 103 films studied, 27 (26.2%) contained scenes depicting mental illness. Psychotic symptoms were the most commonly depicted, while effective treatments were mostly depicted as taking place in unorthodox settings. The most commonly depicted aetiology of mental illness was sorcery and enchantment by witches and wizards, as well as other supernatural forces. Scenes of mental illness are common in Nigerian movies and these depictions-though reflecting the popular explanatory models of Yoruba-speaking Nigerians about mental illness- may impede utilization of mental health care services and ongoing efforts to reduce psychiatry stigma in this region. Efforts to reduce stigma and improve service utilization should engage the film industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olayinka Atilola
- Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital Ibadan, Ibadan 234, Nigeria.
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