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Dinardo G, Dahdah L, Cafarotti A, Arasi S, Fierro V, Pecora V, Mazzuca C, Urbani S, Artesani MC, Riccardi C, Valluzzi RL, Indolfi C, Miraglia Del Giudice M, Fiocchi A. Botanical Impurities in the Supply Chain: A New Allergenic Risk Exacerbated by Geopolitical Challenges. Nutrients 2024; 16:628. [PMID: 38474756 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The supply chains of food raw materials have recently been heavily influenced by geopolitical events. Products that came from, or transited through, areas currently in conflict are now preferentially supplied from alternative areas. These changes may entail risks for food safety. METHODS We review the potential allergenicity of botanical impurities, specifically vegetable contaminants, with particular attention to the contamination of vegetable oils. We delve into the diverse types of botanical impurities, their sources, and the associated allergenic potential. Our analysis encompasses an evaluation of the regulatory framework governing botanical impurities in food labeling. RESULTS Unintended plant-derived contaminants may manifest in raw materials during various stages of food production, processing, or storage, posing a risk of allergic reactions for individuals with established food allergies. Issues may arise from natural occurrence, cross-contamination in the supply chain, and contamination at during production. The food and food service industries are responsible for providing and preparing foods that are safe for people with food allergies: we address the challenges inherent in risk assessment of botanical impurities. CONCLUSIONS The presence of botanical impurities emerges as a significant risk factor for food allergies in the 2020s. We advocate for regulatory authorities to fortify labeling requirements and develop robust risk assessment tools. These measures are necessary to enhance consumer awareness regarding the potential risks posed by these contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Dinardo
- Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Lamia Dahdah
- Allergy Diseases Research Area, Pediatric Allergology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 0165 Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Cafarotti
- Allergy Diseases Research Area, Pediatric Allergology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 0165 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Arasi
- Allergy Diseases Research Area, Pediatric Allergology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 0165 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Fierro
- Allergy Diseases Research Area, Pediatric Allergology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 0165 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Pecora
- Allergy Diseases Research Area, Pediatric Allergology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 0165 Rome, Italy
| | - Carmen Mazzuca
- Allergy Diseases Research Area, Pediatric Allergology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 0165 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Urbani
- Allergy Diseases Research Area, Pediatric Allergology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 0165 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Artesani
- Allergy Diseases Research Area, Pediatric Allergology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 0165 Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Riccardi
- Allergy Diseases Research Area, Pediatric Allergology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 0165 Rome, Italy
| | - Rocco Luigi Valluzzi
- Allergy Diseases Research Area, Pediatric Allergology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 0165 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Indolfi
- Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Miraglia Del Giudice
- Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fiocchi
- Allergy Diseases Research Area, Pediatric Allergology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 0165 Rome, Italy
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Toyokuni K, Yamamoto-Hanada K, Yang L, Hagino K, Harama D, Omori M, Matsumoto Y, Suzuki D, Umezawa K, Takada K, Shimada M, Hirai S, Ishikawa F, Hamaguchi S, Saito-Abe M, Sato M, Miyaji Y, Kabashima S, Fukuie T, Noguchi E, Suzuki K, Ohya Y. Influence of household pet ownership and filaggrin loss-of-function mutations on eczema prevalence in children: A birth cohort study. Allergol Int 2024:S1323-8930(24)00004-2. [PMID: 38302328 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between pet exposure in infancy, early childhood eczema, and FLG mutations remains unclear. METHODS This was a birth cohort study performed in Tokyo, Japan. The primary outcome was current eczema based on questionnaire responses collected repeatedly from birth to 5 years of age. Generalized estimating equations and generalized linear modeling were used to evaluate the association. RESULTS Data from 1448 participants were used for analyses. Household dog ownership during gestation, early infancy, and 18 months of age significantly reduced the risk of current eczema. Household cat ownership also reduced the risk of current eczema, albeit without statistical significance. The combined evaluation of children from households with pets, be it cats, dogs or both, the risk of current eczema at 1-5 years of age was lower in those with household pet exposure ownership during gestation (RR = 0.59, 95 % CI 0.45-0.77) and at 6 months (RR = 0.49, 95 % CI 0.36-0.68). , Reduced risks of eczema were also observed at 2-5 (RR = 0.52, 95 % CI 0.37-0.73) and 3-5 years of age (RR = 0.50 95 % CI 0.35-0.74) when the respective household pet ownership were evaluated at 18 months and 3 years of age. These protective associations of reduced risk of eczema were only observed in children without FLG mutations. CONCLUSIONS Household dog and pet (dog, cat, or both) ownership was protective against early childhood eczema in a birth cohort dataset. This protective association was observed only in children without FLG mutations, which should be confirmed in studies with larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Toyokuni
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Health and Psychosocial Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Limin Yang
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouhei Hagino
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Harama
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marei Omori
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Matsumoto
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daichi Suzuki
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Umezawa
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuma Takada
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mami Shimada
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiko Hirai
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumi Ishikawa
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Health and Psychosocial Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sayaka Hamaguchi
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayako Saito-Abe
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miori Sato
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Health and Psychosocial Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yumiko Miyaji
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigenori Kabashima
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Fukuie
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emiko Noguchi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kohta Suzuki
- Department of Health and Psychosocial Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Ohya
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Yamamoto-Hanada K, Ohya Y. Overviewing allergy epidemiology in Japan - Findings from birth cohorts (JECS and T-Child study). Allergol Int 2024; 73:20-30. [PMID: 38044191 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The escalating global allergy epidemic has emerged as a pressing and persistent challenge, exerting a profound impact on human health systems across centuries. This burgeoning predicament can be attributed to contemporary lifestyles, environmental influences, and genetic predispositions. The manifestation of allergy-related factors exhibits dynamic fluctuations contingent on temporal shifts, geographical distinctions, cultural variances, and diverse demographic strata. In this review, we present recent epidemiological insights derived from two distinct birth cohorts: the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS), encompassing the entirety of Japan, and the Tokyo Children's Health, Illness, and Development Study (T-Child Study) within Tokyo. Through this comprehensive review, we offer a comprehensive overview of the latest epidemiological discoveries stemming from these pivotal Japanese birth cohorts, thereby affording a unique opportunity to deliberate on imperative strategies for the optimal management of the allergy epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiwako Yamamoto-Hanada
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; Medical Suport Center for Japan Environment and Children's Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yukihiro Ohya
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; Medical Suport Center for Japan Environment and Children's Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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Rojo Gutiérrez MI, Ballesteros González D. [Oral allergy syndrome (OAS)]. REVISTA ALERGIA MÉXICO 2023; 70:306-312. [PMID: 38506877 DOI: 10.29262/ram.v70i4.1315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The pollen-food allergy syndrome, also known as oral allergy syndrome, is characterized by local reactions in the mouth and throat after consuming certain raw plant foods in individuals sensitized to pollen from grass, weeds, and trees. Birch-apple is the prototype of this syndrome, with apple, pear, and plum being the most commonly associated foods. Symptoms are usually limited to the oral cavity but can include systemic reactions, including anaphylaxis. Sensitization to pollen allergens, such as lipid transfer proteins, profilin, and PR-10 proteins, triggers this syndrome. Its prevalence varies by geographic region and the predominant pollen type, affecting between 30% and 60% of food allergies. Diagnosis involves a clinical history, skin tests, and, in ambiguous cases, double-blind, placebo-controlled oral food challenges. Treatment primarily involves avoiding trigger foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Isabel Rojo Gutiérrez
- Pediatra, Alergóloga e Inmunóloga; profesora de Alergia pediátrica, Facultad de Medicina; Presidenta electa de la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Alergia, Asma e Inmunología (SLAAI) Montevideo,
| | - Diego Ballesteros González
- Médico Cirujano y Partero, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional; Aler-gólogo e inmunólogo clínico, Hospital Juárez de México, Ciudad de México
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5
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Eczema phenotypes and IgE component sensitization in adolescents: A population-based birth cohort. Allergol Int 2023; 72:107-115. [PMID: 35781407 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eczema patients are commonly immunoglobulin (Ig)E polysensitized. Although atopic dermatitis (AD) phenotypes have been recognized, IgE sensitization patterns based on AD phenotypes have not been well illustrated. We aimed to investigate how eczema phenotypes impact IgE component sensitization patterns. METHODS This birth cohort study investigated a general population in the Tokyo Children's Health, Illness, and Development Study (T-Child Study) until children reached the age of 13 years. Eczema was assessed using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire. Allergen component specific IgE antibody titers were measured using a multiplex array ImmunoCAP ISAC. RESULTS Persistent eczema phenotype until adolescence was strongly associated with allergic march symptoms, such as wheezing and hay fever, and oral allergy symptoms, and IgE component sensitizations of airborne (Japanese cedar, house dust mite, Timothy, cat, and dog) and cross-reactive allergens (Bet v 1 family) compared to early-remission and late-onset eczema. On the other hand, late-onset eczema did not show any strong associations with allergic symptoms and IgE sensitization. Adolescents with persistent eczema have high comorbidity of symptoms of pollen-food allergy syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Early-onset eczema is deeply connected with the later allergic march, and late-onset eczema differs from the phenotype of allergic march. Early-onset eczema characterizing IgE sensitization was likely to be an extrinsic type, and late-onset eczema, which was not related to IgE sensitization, was likely an intrinsic type. Pollen-Food Allergy Syndrome is one of the allergic features in allergic march.
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6
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Kato M, Miyamoto M, Takayanagi F, Ando Y, Fujita Y, Nakayama M, Yoshihara S. Pollen Food Allergy Syndrome in Japanese Children and Adolescents: Risk Factors and Pollen Sensitisation. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:4075264. [PMID: 36937005 PMCID: PMC10019972 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4075264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pollen food allergy syndrome (PFAS) is caused by cross-reactivity with pollen; however, not all-pollen-sensitised individuals develop PFAS, and studies on the characteristics of PFAS development are limited in Japan. We investigated the prevalence and risk factors for the development of PFAS in Japanese children and adolescents sensitised to pollen and their association with pollen-specific IgE levels. The characteristics of PFAS were investigated in patients with allergies aged 3-18 years who visited Dokkyo Medical University Hospital between January 2016 and December 2019. Specific IgE levels for alder, Japanese cedar, ragweed, and orchard grass were measured in patients sensitised to any of the pollens. Patients were categorised into preschool (G1), elementary school (G2), and middle-high school (G3) groups. Overall, 600 patients were enrolled. The prevalence of PFAS was 8.5% in G1, 20% in G2, and 36.3% in G3. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated strong associations between the risk of developing PFAS and older age (odds ratio (OR), 1.12; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06-1.19; P < 0.001), seasonal allergy rhinitis (OR, 6.93; 95% CI, 1.59-30.34; P = 0.010), and alder sensitisation (OR, 6.20; 95% CI, 2.66-14.49; P < 0.001). Spearman's correlation revealed statistically significant positive correlation between each pollen-specific IgE level; high pollen-specific IgE levels were also a risk factor. The OR for being sensitised to all four species was 36.83 (95% CI, 8.93-151.83, P < 0.001) when compared with Japanese cedar alone. Alder was most relevant, with an alder-specific IgE level cutoff value of 2.54 UA/mL. The sensitivity was 78.9%, and the specificity was 70.9%. In conclusion, preschool children develop PFAS with alder sensitisation, and higher pollen-specific IgE levels and increased number of pollen sensitisations are risk factors for developing PFAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Manabu Miyamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Yusuke Ando
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yuji Fujita
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Motoko Nakayama
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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Yoshida T, Morita E, Chinuki Y, Kohno K, Yamasaki O. Usefulness of Gly m 4‐specific
IgE
test in the diagnosis of Rosaceae fruit‐oral allergy syndrome caused by Betulaceae pollen sensitization. JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS IMMUNOLOGY AND ALLERGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cia2.12291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tokiko Yoshida
- Department of Dermatology Shimane University Faculty of Medicine Izumo Japan
| | - Eishin Morita
- Department of Dermatology Shimane University Faculty of Medicine Izumo Japan
| | - Yuko Chinuki
- Department of Dermatology Shimane University Faculty of Medicine Izumo Japan
| | - Kunie Kohno
- Department of Dermatology Shimane University Faculty of Medicine Izumo Japan
- Department of Clinical Trial Management, Clinical Research Center Shimane University Hospital Izumo Japan
| | - Osamu Yamasaki
- Department of Dermatology Shimane University Faculty of Medicine Izumo Japan
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8
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Ohashi-Doi K, Utsumi D, Mitobe Y, Fujinami K. Japanese Cedar Pollen Allergens in Japan. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2022; 23:837-850. [PMID: 36200245 DOI: 10.2174/1389203723666220930155719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Pollen from members of the Cupressaceae tree family is one of the most important causes of allergic disease in the world. Cryptomeria japonica (Japanese cedar) and Chamaecyparis obtusa (Japanese cypress) are Japan's most common tree species. The pollen dispersal season is mainly from February to May. The major allergens of Japanese cedar and Japanese cypress exhibit high amino acid sequence similarity due to the phylogenetic relationship between the two species. An epidemiological study has shown that the prevalence of Japanese cedar pollinosis is approximately 40%. Younger children (5 to 9 years old) showed a high prevalence of Japanese cedar pollinosis as 30% in 2019, indicating that season pollinosis is getting worse. Pharmacotherapy is the most common treatment for pollinosis induced by Japanese cedar and Japanese cypress. Patients' satisfaction with pharmacotherapy is low due to insufficient experienced effect and daytime somnolence. Unlike pharmacotherapy, allergy immunotherapy (AIT) addresses the basic immunological mechanisms of allergic disease and activates protective allergen-reactive pathways of the immune system. AIT is now recognized as the only treatment option with the potential to provide long-term post-treatment benefits and alter the natural course of the allergic disease, including Japanese cedar pollinosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyo Ohashi-Doi
- Medical Affairs, Torii Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 4-1, Nihonbashi-Honcho 3-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-8439, Japan
| | - Daichi Utsumi
- Medical Affairs, Torii Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 4-1, Nihonbashi-Honcho 3-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-8439, Japan
| | - Yuko Mitobe
- Medical Affairs, Torii Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 4-1, Nihonbashi-Honcho 3-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-8439, Japan
| | - Koji Fujinami
- Medical Affairs, Torii Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 4-1, Nihonbashi-Honcho 3-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-8439, Japan
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9
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Diem L, Neuherz B, Rohrhofer J, Koidl L, Asero R, Brockow K, Diaz Perales A, Faber M, Gebhardt J, Torres MJ, Jensen‐Jarolim E, Zehetmayer S, Untersmayr E. Real-life evaluation of molecular multiplex IgE test methods in the diagnosis of pollen associated food allergy. Allergy 2022; 77:3028-3040. [PMID: 35485989 PMCID: PMC9790655 DOI: 10.1111/all.15329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosis of food allergies is challenging, as combining information from specific IgE (sIgE)-sensitization pattern and skin prick tests (SPTs) with clinical history is necessary for a personalized management of allergic patients. The aim of this study was to compare two molecular tests, the ImmunoCAP ISAC (ISAC) and the Allergy Explorer, version 2 (ALEX2 ) in the context of pollen food syndrome (PFS) diagnosis in a real-life scenario, to assess the benefit of multiplex testing in PFS patients. METHODS Diagnosis of food allergy was performed in 53 patients. Allergen-sIgE concentrations were measured with ISAC and ALEX2 . Results for sIgE were statistically compared with each other, with SPT results and with clinical presentation of the patients. RESULTS Using ISAC as reference test for sIgE measurements, the average sensitivity of ALEX2 for PR-10 allergens was 83.2% and the average specificity 88.0%. If only low sIgE concentrations were included, the sensitivity was 60.8% and the specificity 91.1%. Apple and hazelnut sensitizations were confirmed in most patients by concordance of sIgE and SPT results. Significant correlations were shown between clinical symptoms and Mal d 1- and Gly m 4-sIgE levels measured by both tests and for Cor a 1-sIgE levels measured by ALEX2 . In eight patients, profilin related symptoms were supported by Hev b 8-sensitization. CONCLUSION Multiplex testing is beneficial to understand patient-specific individual sensitization profiles and to providing personalized management recommendations. In the future, custom-designed test kits might enable reducing costs of multiplex testing for specific patient groups without compromising the diagnostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Diem
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchCenter for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Bellinda Neuherz
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchCenter for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Johanna Rohrhofer
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchCenter for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Larissa Koidl
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchCenter for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Riccardo Asero
- Ambulatorio di AllergologiaClinica San CarloPaderno Dugnano (MI)Italy
| | - Knut Brockow
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy BiedersteinFaculty of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Araceli Diaz Perales
- Centro de Biotecnología Y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM‐INIA)Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) ‐Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)MadridSpain,Departamento de Biotecnología‐Biología VegetalEscuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería AgronómicaAlimentaria y de Biosistemas. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)MadridSpain
| | | | - Julia Gebhardt
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy BiedersteinFaculty of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - María José Torres
- Allergy UnitHospital Regional Universitario de MálagaUniversidad de Málaga‐IBIMA‐BIONANDMálagaSpain
| | - Erika Jensen‐Jarolim
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchCenter for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria,The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine ViennaMedical University of Vienna, and University of ViennaViennaAustria,AllergyCareAllergy Diagnosis and Study CenterViennaAustria
| | - Sonja Zehetmayer
- Center for Medical StatisticsInformatics and Intelligent Systems (Institute of Medical Statistics)Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Eva Untersmayr
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchCenter for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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10
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Lambré C, Barat Baviera JM, Bolognesi C, Cocconcelli PS, Crebelli R, Gott DM, Grob K, Lampi E, Mengelers M, Mortensen A, Rivière G, Steffensen IL, Tlustos C, Van Loveren H, Vernis L, Zorn H, Aguilera J, Andryszkiewicz M, Di Piazza G, de Sousa RF, Kovalkovikova N, Liu Y, Chesson A. Safety evaluation of the food enzyme chymosin from the genetically modified Kluyveromyces lactis strain CIN. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07461. [PMID: 35978624 PMCID: PMC9367697 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The food enzyme chymosin (EC 3.4.23.4) is produced with the genetically modified Kluyveromyces lactis strain CIN by DSM Food Specialties B.V. The genetic modifications do not give rise to safety concerns. The food enzyme is free from viable cells of the production organism and its recombinant DNA. It is intended to be used in milk processing for cheese production and for the production of fermented milk products. Dietary exposure was estimated to be up to 0.73 mg total organic solids (TOS)/kg body weight (bw) per day in European populations. Genotoxicity tests did not raise a safety concern. The systemic toxicity was assessed by means of a repeated dose 90‐day oral toxicity study in rats. The Panel identified a no observed adverse effect level of 1,000 mg TOS/kg bw per day, the highest dose tested, which when compared with the estimated dietary exposure, results in a margin of exposure of at least 1,300. Similarity of the amino acid sequence of the food enzyme to those of known allergens was searched for and four matches were found. The Panel considered that under the intended conditions of use the risk of allergic sensitisation and elicitation reactions by dietary exposure, although unlikely, cannot be excluded, particularly for individuals sensitised to cedar pollen allergens. Based on the data provided, the Panel concluded that this food enzyme does not give rise to safety concerns under the intended conditions of use.
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11
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Silano V, Barat Baviera JM, Bolognesi C, Cocconcelli PS, Crebelli R, Gott DM, Grob K, Lambré C, Lampi E, Mengelers M, Mortensen A, Rivière G, Steffensen I, Tlustos C, Van Loveren H, Vernis L, Zorn H, Aguilera J, Andryszkiewicz M, de Sousa RF, Liu Y, di Piazza G, Rainieri S, Chesson A. Safety evaluation of the food enzyme chymosin from the genetically modified Aspergillus niger strain DSM 29546. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07465. [PMID: 35949933 PMCID: PMC9350884 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The food enzyme chymosin (EC 3.4.23.4) is produced with the genetically modified Aspergillus niger strain DSM 29546 by Chr. Hansen. The genetic modifications do not give rise to safety concerns. The food enzyme is free from viable cells of the production organism and its DNA. It is intended to be used in milk processing for cheese production and for the production of fermented milk products. Dietary exposure was estimated to be up to 0.52 mg total organic solids (TOS)/kg body weight (bw) per day in European populations. Genotoxicity tests did not raise a safety concern. The systemic toxicity was assessed by means of a repeated dose 90‐day oral toxicity study in rats. The Panel identified a no observed adverse effect level of 410 mg TOS/kg bw per day, the highest dose tested, which when compared with the estimated dietary exposure, results in a margin of exposure of at least 790. Similarity of the amino acid sequence of the food enzyme to those of known allergens was searched and four matches were found. The Panel considered that, under the intended conditions of use, the risk of allergic sensitisation and elicitation reactions by dietary exposure, although unlikely, cannot be excluded, particularly for individuals sensitised to cedar pollen allergens. Based on the data provided, the Panel concluded that this food enzyme does not give rise to safety concerns under the intended conditions of use.
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Lambré C, Barat Baviera JM, Bolognesi C, Cocconcelli PS, Crebelli R, Gott DM, Grob K, Lampi E, Mengelers M, Mortensen A, Rivière G, Steffensen IL, Tlustos C, Van Loveren H, Vernis L, Zorn H, Aguilera J, Andryszkiewicz M, Di Piazza G, Kovalkovicova N, Liu Y, de Sousa RF, Chesson A. Safety evaluation of the food enzyme chymosin from the genetically modified Kluyveromyces lactis strain CHY. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07462. [PMID: 35949935 PMCID: PMC9358543 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The food enzyme chymosin (EC 3.4.23.4) is produced with the genetically modified Kluyveromyces lactis strain CHY by DSM Food Specialties B.V. It is intended to be used in milk processing for cheese production and for production of fermented milk products. Dietary exposure was estimated to be up to 0.69 mg total organic solids (TOS)/kg body weight (bw) per day in European populations. The production strain contains multiple copies of known antimicrobial resistance genes and consequently, it does not fully fulfil the requirements for the qualified presumption of safety (QPS) approach to safety assessment. However, considering the absence of viable cells and DNA from the production organism in the food enzyme, this is not considered to be a risk. As no other concerns arising from the microbial source and its subsequent genetic modification or from the manufacturing process have been identified, the Panel considered that toxicological tests were not needed for the assessment of this food enzyme. Similarity of the amino acid sequence of the food enzyme to those of known allergens was searched and four matches were found. The Panel considered that, under the intended conditions of use, the risk of allergic sensitisation and elicitation reactions by dietary exposure, although unlikely, cannot be excluded, particularly for individuals sensitised to cedar pollen allergens. Based on the data provided, the Panel concluded that this food enzyme does not give rise to safety concerns under the intended conditions of use.
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Yasudo H, Yamamoto-Hanada K, Yang L, Saito-Abe M, Sato M, Miyaji Y, Shimada M, Hirai S, Toyokuni K, Ishikawa F, Inuzuka Y, Kabashima S, Fukuie T, Ohya Y. Pollen Food Allergy Syndrome in Allergic March. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132658. [PMID: 35807837 PMCID: PMC9268136 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between pollen food allergy syndrome (PFAS) and allergic march remains unclear. In this prospective cohort study of the general population in Tokyo (T-Child Study), we found that sensitization to Cry j 1 and Fel d 1 at ages 5 and 9 years was associated with an increased risk of PFAS at 13 years old (at 5 years, Cry j 1: adjusted odds ratio aOR, 2.74; 95% confidence interval CI, 1.53–4.91; Fel d 1: aOR, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.31–5.19; at 9 years, Cry j 1: adjusted odds ratio aOR, 4.28; 95% confidence interval CI, 1.98–9.25; Fel d 1: aOR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.33–4.32). In particular, sensitization to Bet v 1 at ages 5 and 9 years was associated with a strong risk of PFAS at the age of 13 years (at 5 years: aOR, 10.6; 95% CI, 2.64–42.5; at 9 years: aOR, 9.1; 95% CI, 4.71–17.6). PFAS risk by age 13 years was increased by any allergic symptom at 5 or 9 years, a combination of wheezing, eczema, and rhinitis, and Bet v 1 sensitization. Our findings suggest that PFAS may be associated with allergic march.
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Song KB, Park MJ, Choi EJ, Jung S, Yoon J, Cho HJ, Kim BS, Ahn K, Kim KW, Shin YH, Suh DI, Hong SJ, Lee SY. Food allergy in early childhood increases the risk of oral allergy syndrome in schoolchildren: A birth cohort study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33:e13786. [PMID: 35616894 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The level of pollen in Korea has increased over recent decades. Research suggests that oral allergy syndrome (OAS) may be more frequent in childhood than previously recognized. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of OAS in children aged 6-10 years from a general-population-based birth cohort. METHODS We analyzed 930 children from the cohort for childhood origin of asthma and allergic diseases (COCOA). Allergic diseases were diagnosed annually by pediatric allergists. The skin prick tests were performed with 14 common inhalant allergens and four food allergens for the general population of children aged 3 and 7 years. RESULTS Of the 930 eligible children, 44 (4.7%) aged 6-10 years were diagnosed with OAS. The mean age at onset was 6.74 years. OAS prevalence was 7.2% among children with allergic rhinitis (AR) and 19.1% among those with pollinosis, depending on comorbidity. OAS was more prevalent in schoolchildren with atopic dermatitis, food allergy, and sensitization to food allergens and grass pollen in early childhood. In schoolchildren with AR, only a history of food allergy until the age of 3 years increased the risk of OAS (aOR 2.971, 95% CI: 1.159-7.615). CONCLUSION Food allergy and food sensitization in early childhood were associated with OAS in schoolchildren with AR. Further study is required to elucidate the mechanism by which food allergy in early childhood affects the development of OAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Baek Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Humidifier Disinfectant Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Jee Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Eom Ji Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Humidifier Disinfectant Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungsu Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jisun Yoon
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Bong-Seong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Kangmo Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Won Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youn Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong In Suh
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Jong Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Humidifier Disinfectant Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So-Yeon Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Humidifier Disinfectant Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Food Sensitization Impact on Asthma Attacks in Children According to Age Group. ALLERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/allergies2020005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The progression of allergy disorders is termed “atopic march.” Having one allergic disorder increases the likelihood of acquiring others. Asthma and food allergies often coexist. There are no thresholds for specific IgE (sIgE) associated with the presence of clinical symptoms. Each allergen shows a particular trend with age. Objective: Our study and analysis aim to identify food sensitization in children with asthma and evaluate its impact on asthma attacks and clinical control. Material and methods: As a part of a bigger study, 56 children (mean age 11.07 years (5.3–17.5), 38 boys, and 18 girls) with bronchial asthma were tested for total IgE and sIgE against food and inhalator allergens. All children performed baseline and post-BD spirometry and were assessed for asthma control. Results: In the studied population of children, sIgE against several food allergens was positive in the same patient. A significant correlation was found between the positive sIgE for milk and soy (p < 0.0001), for milk and egg yolk (p = 0.01), compared to milk and peanuts (p = 0.004), compared to egg yolk and fish (p < 0.0001), compared to egg yolk and casein (p < 0.001), and soy (p < 0.0001). The children who are positive for sIgE antibodies in cats, dogs, Cladosporium, Aspergillus, wormwood from aeroallergens and soy from food allergens have a higher risk of hospitalization for exacerbation of bronchial asthma. (p < 0.05). In the studied population, sensitization to food allergens among asthmatics does not contribute to the number of asthma attacks. Conclusions: Food sensitivity is associated with eczema, while mite sensitization is strongly associated with rhinitis and asthma. Food sensitization is not a risk factor for asthma exacerbation in children older than five years old.
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Koga T, Tokuyama K, Ogawa S, Morita E, Ueda Y, Itazawa T, Kamijyo A. Surveillance of pollen-food allergy syndrome in elementary and junior high school children in Saitama, Japan. Asia Pac Allergy 2022; 12:e3. [PMID: 35174054 PMCID: PMC8819423 DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2022.12.e3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Because few studies have epidemiologically evaluated pollen-food allergy syndrome (PFAS), relevant information about this disease is limited in children. Objective We wanted to clarify the epidemiological details of PFAS by creating a questionnaire which enables to distinguish class 2 food allergy from that of class 1. Methods We conducted a questionnaire survey for schoolchildren attending to public elementary and junior high schools. In this questionnaire, we asked about both the allergy to fruits and/or vegetables and allergic rhinitis (AR). PFAS was, then, defined as allergy for fruits and/or vegetable which occurred after the symptoms of AR appeared. Results A total of 2,346 children (median age, 10.6±2.5 years; 1,157 boys) were evaluated. The prevalence of PFAS was 6.9% among subjects. The mean ages in the onset of AR and PFAS were 4.59±2.76 and 7.38±3.17 years old, respectively. Various kinds of foods were shown to be causative, among which kiwifruits were the commonest. As high as approximately 30% of children with PFAS experienced systemic symptoms including cutaneous (21.8%) and respiratory symptoms (9.6%). Anaphylaxis was diagnosed in 5.8% children. Conclusion Our results indicated that the prevalence of PFAS was getting higher and the mean age of onset was getting lower. These may be attributed to the increasing number of patients with AR and also to the lower age of onset of AR. We have to be careful to not only local but also systemic symptoms when examining children with PFAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Koga
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
- Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tokuyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
- Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shunichi Ogawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
- Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Eiji Morita
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
- Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ueda
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
- Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshiko Itazawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
- Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kamijyo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
- Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
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