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Székely E, Molnár M, Lihi N, Várnagy K. Characterization of Copper(II) and Zinc(II) Complexes of Peptides Mimicking the CuZnSOD Enzyme. Molecules 2024; 29:795. [PMID: 38398547 PMCID: PMC10892282 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are short cationic peptides that are present on biological surfaces susceptible to infection, and they play an important role in innate immunity. These peptides, like other compounds with antimicrobial activity, often have significant superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. One direction of our research is the characterization of peptides modeling the CuZnSOD enzyme and the determination of their biological activity, and these results may contribute to the development of novel antimicrobial peptides. In the framework of this research, we have synthesized 10, 15, and 16-membered model peptides containing the amino acid sequence corresponding to the Cu(II) and Zn(II) binding sites of the CuZnSOD enzyme, namely the Zn(II)-binding HVGD sequence (80-83. fragments), the Cu(II)-binding sequence HVH (fragments 46-48), and the histidine (His63), which links the two metal ions as an imidazolate bridge: Ac-FHVHEGPHFN-NH2 (L1(10)), Ac-FHVHAGPHFNGGHVG-NH2 (L2(15)), and Ac-FHVHEGPHFNGGHVGD-NH2 (L3(16)). pH-potentiometric, UV-Vis-, and CD-spectroscopy studies of the Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cu(II)-Zn(II) mixed complexes of these peptides were performed, and the SOD activity of the complexes was determined. The binding sites preferred by Cu(II) and Zn(II) were identified by means of CD-spectroscopy. From the results obtained for these systems, it can be concluded that in equimolar solution, the -(NGG)HVGD- sequence of the peptides is the preferred binding site for copper(II) ion. However, in the presence of both metal ions, according to the native enzyme, the -HVGD- sequence offers the main binding site for Zn(II), while the majority of Cu(II) binds to the -FHVH- sequence. Based on the SOD activity assays, complexes of the 15- and 16-membered peptide have a significant SOD activity. Although this activity is smaller than that of the native CuZnSOD enzyme, the complexes showed better performance in the degradation of superoxide anion than other SOD mimics. Thus, the incorporation of specific amino acid sequences mimicking the CuZnSOD enzyme increases the efficiency of model systems in the catalytic decomposition of superoxide anion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Katalin Várnagy
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Square 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Zou Y, van Breukelen B, Pronker M, Reiding K, Heck AJR. Proteogenomic Features of the Highly Polymorphic Histidine-rich Glycoprotein (HRG) Arose Late in Evolution. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023:100585. [PMID: 37244517 PMCID: PMC10388577 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) is a liver-produced protein circulating in human serum at high concentrations of around 125 μg/mL. HRG belongs to the family of type-3 cystatins and has been implicated in a plethora of biological processes, albeit that its precise function is still not well understood. Human HRG is a highly polymorphic protein, with at least 5 variants with minor allele frequencies (MAF) of more than 10%, variable in populations from different parts of the world. Considering these 5 mutations we can theoretically expect 35 = 243 possible possibly genetic HRG variants in the population. Here, we purified HRG from serum of 44 individual donors and investigated by proteomics the occurrence of different allotypes, each being either homozygote or heterozygote for each of the 5 mutation sites. We observed that some mutational combinations in HRG were highly favored, while others were apparently missing, although they ought to be present based on the independent assembly of these 5 mutation sites. To further explore this behavior, we extracted data from the 1000 genome project (n ∼ 2500 genomes) and assessed the frequency of different HRG mutants in this larger dataset, observing a prevailing agreement with our proteomics data. From all the proteogenomic data we conclude that the 5 different mutation sites in HRG are not occurring independently, but several mutations at different sites are fully mutually exclusive, whereas other are highly intwined. Specific mutations do also affect HRG glycosylation. As the levels of HRG have been suggested as a protein biomarker in a variety of biological processes (e.g., aging, COVID-19 severity, severity of bacterial infections), we here conclude that the highly polymorphic nature of the protein needs to be considered in such proteomics evaluations, as these mutations may affect HRG's abundance, structure, post-translational modifications, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zou
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bas van Breukelen
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Matti Pronker
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Karli Reiding
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Longitudinal Measurement of Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein Levels in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Pilot Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11010212. [PMID: 36672720 PMCID: PMC9855564 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) has been reported to inhibit signaling leading to the release of high mobility group box 1 protein, a damage-associated molecular pattern. The present study aimed to determine the longitudinal change in HRG levels in extremely preterm infants and assess whether complications such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) were associated with differences in HRG levels. In this multicenter, prospective, observational study, we measured serum HRG levels every 2 weeks from birth to 8 weeks of age. Serum HRG was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We included 19 extremely preterm infants in the study and 74 samples were analyzed. The median gestational age was 26.0 weeks, and the median birth weight was 858 g. Serum HRG levels showed a significant upward trend after birth (p < 0.001); median HRG concentrations at birth and at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of age were 1.07, 1.11, 2.86, 6.05, and 7.49 µg/mL, respectively. Onset of BPD was not associated with differences in serum HRG levels. Further, the serum HRG levels increased significantly after birth in extremely preterm infants.
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Muko R, Sunouchi T, Urayama S, Toishi Y, Kusano K, Sato H, Muranaka M, Shin T, Oikawa MA, Ojima Y, Ali M, Nomura Y, Matsuda H, Tanaka A. Unique insertion/deletion polymorphisms within histidine-rich region of histidine-rich glycoprotein in Thoroughbred horses. Sci Rep 2023; 13:300. [PMID: 36609619 PMCID: PMC9822902 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27374-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) is abundant plasma protein with various effects on angiogenesis, coagulation, and immune responses. Previously, we identified the base and amino acid sequences of equine HRG (eHRG) and revealed that eHRG regulates neutrophil functions. In this study, we first conducted a large-scale gene analysis with DNA samples extracted from 1700 Thoroughbred horses and identified unique insertion/deletion polymorphisms in the histidine-rich region (HRR) of eHRG. Here we report two types of polymorphisms (deletion type 1 [D1] and deletion type 2 [D2]) containing either a 45 bp or 90 bp deletion in the HRR of eHRG, and five genotypes of eHRG (insertion/insertion [II], ID1, ID2, D1D1, and D1D2) in Thoroughbred horses. Allele frequency of I, D1, and D2, was 0.483, 0.480, and 0.037 and the incidence of each genotype was II: 23.4%, ID1: 46.2%, ID2: 3.6%, D1D1: 23.1%, and D1D2: 3.7%, respectively. The molecular weights of each plasma eHRG protein collected from horses with each genotype was detected as bands of different molecular size, which corresponded to the estimated amino acid sequence. The nickel-binding affinity of the D1 or D2 deletion eHRG was reduced, indicating a loss of function at the site. eHRG proteins show a variety of biological and immunological activities in vivo, and HRR is its active center, suggesting that genetic polymorphisms in eHRG may be involved in the performance in athletic ability, productivity, and susceptibility to infectious diseases in Thoroughbred horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Muko
- grid.136594.c0000 0001 0689 5974Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoya Sunouchi
- grid.136594.c0000 0001 0689 5974Laboratory of Comparative Animal Medicine, Division of Animal Life Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509 Japan
| | - Shuntaro Urayama
- grid.482817.00000 0001 0710 998XRace Horse Clinic, Ritto Training Center, Japan Racing Association, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yuko Toishi
- Shadai Stallion Station, Shadai Corporation, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kanichi Kusano
- grid.482817.00000 0001 0710 998XRace Horse Clinic, Ritto Training Center, Japan Racing Association, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sato
- grid.482817.00000 0001 0710 998XRace Integrity Section, Stewards Department, Japan Racing Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Muranaka
- grid.482817.00000 0001 0710 998XRace Horse Clinic, Ritto Training Center, Japan Racing Association, Shiga, Japan
| | - Taekyun Shin
- grid.411277.60000 0001 0725 5207Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Masa-aki Oikawa
- grid.507451.20000 0004 7662 6210Diagnostic Laboratory, Equine Veterinary Medical Center, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yoshinobu Ojima
- grid.136594.c0000 0001 0689 5974Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mohammad Ali
- grid.507451.20000 0004 7662 6210Diagnostic Laboratory, Equine Veterinary Medical Center, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yoshihiro Nomura
- grid.136594.c0000 0001 0689 5974Scleroprotein and Leather Research Institute, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuda
- grid.136594.c0000 0001 0689 5974Laboratory of Comparative Animal Medicine, Division of Animal Life Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509 Japan
| | - Akane Tanaka
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan. .,Laboratory of Comparative Animal Medicine, Division of Animal Life Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan. .,Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
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Feng Q, Li G, Xia W, Dai G, Zhou J, Xu Y, Liu D, Zhang G. The anti-aging effects of Renshen Guben on thyrotoxicosis mice: Improving immunosenescence, hypoproteinemia, lipotoxicity, and intestinal flora. Front Immunol 2022; 13:983501. [PMID: 36389720 PMCID: PMC9640368 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.983501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rapid aging of the population, the control of age-related disease susceptibility and prognosis faces greater challenges. There is an urgent need for a strategy to maintain the vitality of elderly people. In this study, the effect of Renshen Guben (RSGB) oral liquid was investigated on an accelerated aging mice model of thyrotoxicosis by conventional detection methods combined with multiomics technology. The results showed that RSGB increased the number of neutrophils and lymphocytes, enhanced the function of lymphocytes, and increased the levels of complement and antimicrobial peptides, which indicated that RSGB improved the immunity of thyrotoxicosis mice at the cellular and molecular levels. RSGB corrected malnutrition in thyrotoxicosis mice by improving anemia, hypoalbuminemia, ion transporters, and vitamin-binding proteins. RSGB significantly reduced the lipotoxicity by reducing the level of fatty acids, triglyceride, sphingolipids, and glucocorticoids, thus increasing the level of docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and bile acids, which contributed to improve immunosenescence. The intestinal defense ability of thyrotoxicosis mice was enhanced with the increase of bile acids and lactic acid bacteria by the RSGB treatment. The plant metabolomics analysis showed that there were various active components in RSGB oral liquid and medicated serum, including terpenoids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannin, alkaloids, organic acids, phenolamines, amino acids, and others. They have antioxidant, immune regulation, and anti-aging effects, which was the material basis of RSGB. Totally, RSGB protected the thyrotoxicosis mice against aging by improving immunosenescence, hypoproteinemia, lipotoxicity, and the intestinal flora. It will be beneficial for improving the disease susceptibility and prognosis of the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Feng
- Center for Pharmacological Research, State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Guangyan Li
- Center for Pharmacological Research, State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Wenkai Xia
- Center for Pharmacological Research, State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Guoxin Dai
- Center for Pharmacological Research, State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Jidong Zhou
- Center for Pharmacological Research, State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Center for Pharmacological Research, State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Deshan Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guimin Zhang
- Center for Pharmacological Research, State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
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Tomonobu N, Kinoshita R, Wake H, Inoue Y, Ruma IMW, Suzawa K, Gohara Y, Komalasari NLGY, Jiang F, Murata H, Yamamoto KI, Sumardika IW, Chen Y, Futami J, Yamauchi A, Kuribayashi F, Kondo E, Toyooka S, Nishibori M, Sakaguchi M. Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein Suppresses the S100A8/A9-Mediated Organotropic Metastasis of Melanoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810300. [PMID: 36142212 PMCID: PMC9499646 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The dissection of the complex multistep process of metastasis exposes vulnerabilities that could be exploited to prevent metastasis. To search for possible factors that favor metastatic outgrowth, we have been focusing on secretory S100A8/A9. A heterodimer complex of the S100A8 and S100A9 proteins, S100A8/A9 functions as a strong chemoattractant, growth factor, and immune suppressor, both promoting the cancer milieu at the cancer-onset site and cultivating remote, premetastatic cancer sites. We previously reported that melanoma cells show lung-tropic metastasis owing to the abundant expression of S100A8/A9 in the lung. In the present study, we addressed the question of why melanoma cells are not metastasized into the brain at significant levels in mice despite the marked induction of S100A8/A9 in the brain. We discovered the presence of plasma histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG), a brain-metastasis suppression factor against S100A8/A9. Using S100A8/A9 as an affinity ligand, we searched for and purified the binding plasma proteins of S100A8/A9 and identified HRG as the major protein on mass spectrometric analysis. HRG prevents the binding of S100A8/A9 to the B16-BL6 melanoma cell surface via the formation of the S100A8/A9 complex. HRG also inhibited the S100A8/A9-induced migration and invasion of A375 melanoma cells. When we knocked down HRG in mice bearing skin melanoma, metastasis to both the brain and lungs was significantly enhanced. The clinical examination of plasma S100A8/A9 and HRG levels showed that lung cancer patients with brain metastasis had higher S100A8/A9 and lower HRG levels than nonmetastatic patients. These results suggest that the plasma protein HRG strongly protects the brain and lungs from the threat of melanoma metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahoko Tomonobu
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Rie Kinoshita
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hidenori Wake
- Department of Pharmacology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka 589-0014, Japan
| | - Yusuke Inoue
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Division of Molecular Science, Gunma University, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan
| | | | - Ken Suzawa
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yuma Gohara
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ni Luh Gede Yoni Komalasari
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar 80232, Indonesia
| | - Fan Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Murata
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Yamamoto
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | | | - Youyi Chen
- Department of General Surgery & Bio-Bank of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Junichiro Futami
- Department of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Akira Yamauchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
| | - Futoshi Kuribayashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
| | - Eisaku Kondo
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
- Division of Tumor Pathology, Near InfraRed Photo-ImmunoTherapy Research Institute, Kansai Medical University, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Shinichi Toyooka
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishibori
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
- Department of Translational Research & Drug Development, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Masakiyo Sakaguchi
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-86-235-7395; Fax: +81-86-235-7400
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Feng Q, Xia W, Dai G, Lv J, Yang J, Liu D, Zhang G. The Aging Features of Thyrotoxicosis Mice: Malnutrition, Immunosenescence and Lipotoxicity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:864929. [PMID: 35720307 PMCID: PMC9201349 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.864929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The problem of aging is mainly the increase of age-related diseases, and elderly patients have longer hospitalization and worse prognosis. Poorer nutritional status and immunosenescence may be predisposing and severe factors. The mechanism of the high incidence of diseases and poor prognosis behind aging is complex. Finding suitable aging models is of great significance to find strategies to prevent aging related events. In this study, the relationship between thyrotoxicosis and aging was investigated in mice. The results of routine blood tests and flow cytometry showed that immunosenescence occurred in thyrotoxicosis mice, which was characterized by a significant decrease in neutrophils, lymphocytes, CD4+/CD8+ and CD4+IFN-γ+ lymphocytes. Biochemical examination results showed that there were hypocholesterolemia, hypolipoproteinemia, and hyperlipidemia in thyrotoxicosis mice. Serum proteomics analysis showed that the downregulation of complement and coagulation proteins was another manifestation of declined immunity. Moreover, proteomics analysis showed that many downregulated proteins were related to homeostasis, mainly transport proteins. Their downregulation led to the disturbance of osmotic pressure, ion homeostasis, vitamin utilization, lipid transport, hyaluronic acid processing, and pH maintenance. Serum metabolomics analysis provided more detailed evidence of homeostasis disturbance, especially lipid metabolism disorder, including the downregulation of cholesterol, vitamin D, bile acids, docosanoids, and the upregulation of glucocorticoids, triglycerides, sphingolipids, and free fatty acids. The upregulated lipid metabolites were related to lipotoxicity, which might be one cause of immunosenescence and many aging related syndromes. This study provides evidence for the aging model of thyrotoxicosis mice, which can be used for exploring anti-aging drugs and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Feng
- Center for Pharmacological Research, State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Wenkai Xia
- Center for Pharmacological Research, State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Guoxin Dai
- Center for Pharmacological Research, State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Jingang Lv
- Center for Pharmacological Research, State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Center for Pharmacological Research, State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Deshan Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guimin Zhang
- Center for Pharmacological Research, State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
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Truong TK, Malik RA, Yao X, Fredenburgh JC, Stafford AR, Madarati HM, Kretz CA, Weitz JI. Identification of the histidine-rich glycoprotein domains responsible for contact pathway inhibition. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:821-832. [PMID: 34967109 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we showed that histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) binds factor (F) XIIa with high affinity, inhibits FXII autoactivation and FXIIa-mediated activation of FXI, and attenuates ferric chloride-induced arterial thrombosis in mice. Therefore, HRG downregulates the contact pathway in vitro and in vivo. OBJECTIVE To identify the domains on HRG responsible for contact pathway inhibition. METHODS Recombinant HRG domain constructs (N-terminal [N1, N2, and N1N2], proline-rich regions, histidine-rich region [HRR], and C-terminal) were expressed and purified. The affinities of plasma-derived HRG, HRG domain constructs, and synthetic HRR peptides for FXII, FXIIa, β-FXIIa, and polyphosphate (polyP) were determined using surface plasmon resonance, and their effects on polyP-induced FXII autoactivation, FXIIa-mediated activation of FXI and prekallikrein, the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and thrombin generation were examined. RESULTS HRG and HRG domain constructs bind FXIIa, but not FXII or β-FXII. HRR, N1, and N1N2 bind FXIIa with affinities comparable with that of HRG, whereas the remaining domains bind with lower affinity. Synthetic HRR peptides bind FXIIa and polyP with high affinity. HRG and HRR significantly inhibit FXII autoactivation and prolong the APTT. Like HRG, synthetic HRR peptides inhibit FXII autoactivation, attenuate FXIIa-mediated activation of prekallikrein and FXI, prolong the APTT, and attenuate thrombin generation. CONCLUSION The interaction of HRG with FXIIa and polyP is predominantly mediated by the HRR domain. Like intact HRG, HRR downregulates the contact pathway and contributes to HRG-mediated down regulation of coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy K Truong
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rida A Malik
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xintong Yao
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - James C Fredenburgh
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan R Stafford
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hasam M Madarati
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colin A Kretz
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey I Weitz
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Prognostic Value of Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein for Community-Acquired Pneumonia. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:4713045. [PMID: 35154511 PMCID: PMC8824745 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4713045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) is abundant in serum and has been implicated in several processes including blood coagulation and immune response. This prospective study is aimed at exploring HRG as a biomarker in patients hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Methods A total of 160 patients (73 severe CAP, 57 nonsevere CAP), and 30 healthy controls were enrolled in 2019. Demographic and clinical data were recorded for all patients. Serum HRG concentration was measured upon admission using ELISA. Results HRG levels were significantly lower in severe CAP patients compared with other groups, regardless of etiology, and were negatively correlated with serum interleukin-6 and disease severity index scores. Combination of CURB-65, PSI, and APACHE II scores with HRG values significantly improved the accuracy of predicting 30-day mortality in these patients. Cox regression analysis showed that HRG could serve as an independent risk factor for 30-day mortality. Notably, patients with HRG ≤ 16.92 μg/mL had significantly lower cumulative survival than those with HRG > 16.92 μg/mL. Conclusion Serum HRG levels are lower in patients with severe CAP and are negatively correlated with disease severity scores. Measurement of HRG upon admission can provide valuable prognostic information for patients with CAP.
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Wake H. [Role of histidine-rich glycoprotein as anti-DAMPs and therapeutic effects on DAMPs-related diseases]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2022; 157:426-428. [PMID: 36328553 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.22074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) is a plasma glycoprotein produced mainly in the liver. We have shown that HRG replacement therapy has a marked therapeutic effect on sepsis, in which high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), one of the representative damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), is known to play an important role in the disease progression. The mechanisms of action are diverse, including inhibition of immune thrombus formation and inhibition of ROS production. In addition, HRG has been shown to neutralize the toxicity of heme, a type of DAMPs, and neutralize the activity of LPS, a type of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and to inhibit the translocation of HMGB1 from the nucleus of vascular endothelial cells to the extracellular space. Since DAMPs/PAMPs are known to play a central role in the pathogenesis of not only sepsis but also many inflammatory diseases, HRG has wide therapeutic applications and is considered to be a very promising seed for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Wake
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University
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11
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Mor S, Battula SN, Swarnalatha G, Pushpadass H, Naik LN, Franklin M. Preparation of Casein Biopeptide-Loaded Niosomes by High Shear Homogenization and Their Characterization. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:4371-4380. [PMID: 33823585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a niosomal system to deliver milk bioactive peptides with potential for enhanced bioavailability. Milk casein was hydrolyzed with Flavourzyme, and the hydrolysates were ultrafiltered to obtain low-molecular-weight peptides with enhanced antioxidant activity. Biopeptide-loaded niosomes were prepared by a high shear homogenization method. Peptide-loaded niosomes exhibited a mean particle size of 37.64 ± 0.98 nm with narrow size distribution (PDI = 24.66 ± 0.008%) and high zeta potential (-23.36 mV). The niosomes encapsulated about 67% of peptides into the vesicles and showed controlled and sustained release under simulated gastrointestinal conditions as compared to free peptides. The antioxidant activity of the peptides was not affected due to their encapsulation into niosomes. Morphology of peptide-loaded niosomes was determined by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, and the microstructural interactions analyzed by Fourier transform infrared clearly indicated the formation of peptide-loaded niosomes. High-performance liquid chromatography spectra of peptides in the niosomes and the free peptides were similar, thus confirming their entrapment into the niosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Mor
- Southern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru 560 030, India
| | - Surendra N Battula
- Southern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru 560 030, India
| | - G Swarnalatha
- Southern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru 560 030, India
| | - Heartwin Pushpadass
- Southern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru 560 030, India
| | - Laxmana N Naik
- Southern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru 560 030, India
| | - Magdaline Franklin
- Southern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru 560 030, India
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12
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Muko R, Matsuda H, Oikawa MA, Shin T, Matsuda K, Sato H, Sunouchi T, Tanaka A. Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein Functions as a Dual Regulator of Neutrophil Activity in Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2021; 102:103620. [PMID: 34119191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) is an abundant plasma protein that has been identified in most mammals. We first identified whole genome sequence of equine HRG (eHRG) and succeeded to purify eHRG from plasma of horses. Since HRG interacts with various ligands, this protein is thought to be involved in immune response, coagulation, and angiogenesis. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is characterized as a non-specific, clinical, pro-inflammatory immune response that damage organs and tissues in the host. Recent reports revealed that blood HRG levels in human patients with SIRS are approximately 50% lower than those in healthy controls, indicating the use of HRG as a biomarker or treatment for SIRS. SIRS is also a serious issue in equine medicine. In this study, we investigated various effects of eHRG on neutrophil functions, including adhesion, migration, phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and lysosome maturation using neutrophils isolated from horses. Microscopic observation showed that the addition of eHRG to the culture diminished adhesion of neutrophils stimulated with LPS. Using the Boyden chamber technique, we showed that eHRG reduced neutrophil chemotaxis induced by recombinant human IL-8. Luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay demonstrated that eHRG restrained the peak of LPS-promoted ROS production from neutrophils. In contrast, eHRG promoted phagocytic activity evaluated with uptake of fluorescent dye conjugated particles, as well as lysosomal maturation assessed using fluorescent staining for lysosomes of equine neutrophils. These results indicated that eHRG acts as a dual regulator of neutrophils in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Muko
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuda
- Laboratory of Comparative Animal Medicine, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masa-Aki Oikawa
- Diagnostic and Research Laboratory, Equine Veterinary Medical Center, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Taekyun Shin
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Kenshiro Matsuda
- Laboratory of Comparative Animal Medicine, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sato
- Ritto Training Center, Japan Racing Association, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tomoya Sunouchi
- Laboratory of Comparative Animal Medicine, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akane Tanaka
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Comparative Animal Medicine, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan.
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Takahashi Y, Wake H, Sakaguchi M, Yoshii Y, Teshigawara K, Wang D, Nishibori M. Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein Stimulates Human Neutrophil Phagocytosis and Prolongs Survival through CLEC1A. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:737-750. [PMID: 33452125 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) is a multifunctional plasma protein and maintains the homeostasis of blood cells and vascular endothelial cells. In the current study, we demonstrate that HRG and recombinant HRG concentration dependently induced the phagocytic activity of isolated human neutrophils against fluorescence-labeled Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus through the stimulation of CLEC1A receptors, maintaining their spherical round shape. The phagocytosis-inducing effects of HRG were inhibited by a specific anti-HRG Ab and enhanced by opsonization of bacteria with diluted serum. HRG and C5a prolonged the survival time of isolated human neutrophils, in association with a reduction in the spontaneous production of extracellular ROS. In contrast, HRG maintained the responsiveness of neutrophils to TNF-α, zymosan, and E. coli with regard to reactive oxygen species production. The blocking Ab for CLEC1A and recombinant CLEC1A-Fc fusion protein significantly inhibited the HRG-induced neutrophil rounding, phagocytic activity, and prolongation of survival time, suggesting the involvement of the CLEC1A receptor in the action of HRG on human neutrophils. These results as a whole indicated that HRG facilitated the clearance of E. coli and S. aureus by maintaining the neutrophil morphology and phagocytosis, contributing to the antiseptic effects of HRG in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Takahashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; and
| | - Hidenori Wake
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; and
| | - Masakiyo Sakaguchi
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yukinori Yoshii
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; and
| | - Kiyoshi Teshigawara
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; and
| | - Dengli Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; and
| | - Masahiro Nishibori
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; and
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Solano F. Metabolism and Functions of Amino Acids in the Skin. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1265:187-199. [PMID: 32761577 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-45328-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids are the building blocks of all proteins, including the most abundant fibrous proteins in the skin, as keratins, collagen and elastin. Sagging and wrinkled skin are features of chronic sun-damaged and aged uncared skin, and they are mainly associated with the deterioration of collagen and elastic fibers. The maintenance of skin structures by self-repair processes is essential to skin health. Thus, amino acids significantly impact the appearance of the skin. Amino acids are important nutrients required for (a) wound healing promotion and repair of the damaged skin; (b) acid-base balance and water retention in cellular layers, such as stratum corneum; (c) protection against sunlight damage; (d) maintenance of an appropriate skin microbiome. This review highlights the contribution of all proteinogenic amino acids and some related metabolites to the skin structures as constituents of the main cutaneous proteins or as signaling molecules for the regulation and determination of skin physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Solano
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, School of Medicine, LAIB-IMIB University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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15
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Wake H, Nishibori M. [Various functions of plasma histidine-rich glycoprotein and its clinical application as the biomarker and therapeutic drug for sepsis]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2020; 155:155-158. [PMID: 32378634 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.19150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) is a 75 kDa plasma glycoprotein synthesized in liver mainly, which exists at approximately 60-100 μg/ml in human plasma. HRG is known to bind to several ligands and cells, leading to exert coagulation, fibrinolysis, immune and inflammation regulatory activity in septic condition. Thus, decreased plasma HRG level induces the dysregulations of coagulation, fibrinolysis and immune system, resulting in disseminated intravascular coagulation and multiple organ failure. This article focuses on the physiological activity of HRG and the potential of HRG as the biomarker and therapeutic drug for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Wake
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Masahiro Nishibori
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences
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16
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Abstract
Organisms from all kingdoms of life have evolved a vast array of peptidic natural products to defend against microbes. These are known collectively as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) or host defense peptides, reflecting their abilities to not only directly kill microbes, but also to modulate host immune responses. Despite decades of investigation, AMPs have yet to live up to their promise as lead therapeutics, a reality that reflects, in part, our incomplete understanding of these diverse agents in their various physiological contexts. Toward improving our understanding of AMP biology and the ways in which this can be best leveraged for therapeutic development, we are interested in large-scale comparisons of the antimicrobial and immunological activities of human AMPs, an undertaking that requires an efficient workflow for AMP synthesis and subsequent characterization. We describe here the application of flow chemistry and reverse phase flash chromatography to the generation of 43 AMPs, approaches that, when combined, significantly expedite synthesis and purification, potentially facilitating more systematic approaches to downstream testing and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Albin
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Bradley L Pentelute
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
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17
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Zheng H, Li H, Zhang J, Fan H, Jia L, Ma W, Ma S, Wang S, You H, Yin Z, Li X. Serum amyloid A exhibits pH dependent antibacterial action and contributes to host defense against Staphylococcus aureus cutaneous infection. J Biol Chem 2019; 295:2570-2581. [PMID: 31819008 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA), one of the major highly conserved acute-phase proteins in most mammals, is predominantly produced by hepatocytes and also by a variety of cells in extrahepatic tissues. It is well-known that the expression of SAA is sharply increased in bacterial infections. However, the exact physiological function of SAA during bacterial infection remains unclear. Herein, we showed that SAA expression significantly increased in abscesses of Staphylococcus aureus cutaneous infected mice, which exert direct antibacterial effects by binding to the bacterial cell surface and disrupting the cell membrane in acidic conditions. Mechanically, SAA disrupts anionic liposomes by spontaneously forming small vesicles or micelles under acidic conditions. Especially, the N-terminal region of SAA is necessary for membrane disruption and bactericidal activity. Furthermore, we found that mice deficient in SAA1/2 were more susceptible to infection by S. aureus In addition, the expression of SAA in infected skin was regulated by interleukin-6. Taken together, these findings support a key role of the SAA in host defense and may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for cutaneous bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haifeng Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hanlu Fan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lina Jia
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenqiang Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuoqian Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shenghong Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hua You
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Zhinan Yin
- First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510310, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
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18
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Cusimano MG, Spinello A, Barone G, Schillaci D, Cascioferro S, Magistrato A, Parrino B, Arizza V, Vitale M. A Synthetic Derivative of Antimicrobial Peptide Holothuroidin 2 from Mediterranean Sea Cucumber ( Holothuria tubulosa) in the Control of Listeria monocytogenes. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17030159. [PMID: 30857142 PMCID: PMC6471310 DOI: 10.3390/md17030159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the limited number of available antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are considered antimicrobial candidates to fight difficult-to-treat infections such as those associated with biofilms. Marine environments are precious sources of AMPs, as shown by the recent discovery of antibiofilm properties of Holothuroidin 2 (H2), an AMP produced by the Mediterranean sea cucumber Holothuria tubulosa. In this study, we considered the properties of a new H2 derivative, named H2d, and we tested it against seven strains of the dangerous foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. This peptide was more active than H2 in inhibiting the growth of planktonic L. monocytogenes and was able to interfere with biofilm formation at sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Atomic-level molecular dynamics (MD) simulations revealed insights related to the enhanced inhibitory activity of H2d, showing that the peptide is characterized by a more defined tertiary structure with respect to its ancestor. This allows the peptide to better exhibit an amphipathic character, which is an essential requirement for the interaction with cell membranes, similarly to other AMPs. Altogether, these results support the potential use of our synthetic peptide, H2d, as a template for the development of novel AMP-based drugs able to fight foodborne that are resistant to conventional antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Cusimano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Angelo Spinello
- CNR-IOM-Democritos c/o International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Giampaolo Barone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Domenico Schillaci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Stella Cascioferro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Magistrato
- CNR-IOM-Democritos c/o International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Barbara Parrino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Arizza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Maria Vitale
- Istituto Zooprofilattico della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi, 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy.
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Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein Inhibits HIV-1 Infection in a pH-Dependent Manner. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.01749-18. [PMID: 30518643 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01749-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) is an abundant plasma protein with a multidomain structure, allowing its interaction with many ligands, including phospholipids, plasminogen, fibrinogen, IgG antibodies, and heparan sulfate. HRG has been shown to regulate different biological responses, such as angiogenesis, coagulation, and fibrinolysis. Here, we found that HRG almost completely abrogated the infection of Ghost cells, Jurkat cells, CD4+ T cells, and macrophages by HIV-1 at a low pH (range, 6.5 to 5.5) but not at a neutral pH. HRG was shown to interact with the heparan sulfate expressed by target cells, inhibiting an early postbinding step associated with HIV-1 infection. More importantly, by acting on the viral particle itself, HRG induced a deleterious effect, which reduces viral infectivity. Because cervicovaginal secretions in healthy women show low pH values, even after semen deposition, our observations suggest that HRG might represent a constitutive defense mechanism in the vaginal mucosa. Of note, low pH also enabled HRG to inhibit the infection of HEp-2 cells and Vero cells by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2), respectively, suggesting that HRG might display broad antiviral activity under acidic conditions.IMPORTANCE Vaginal intercourse represents a high-risk route for HIV-1 transmission. The efficiency of male-to-female HIV-1 transmission has been estimated to be 1 in every 1,000 episodes of sexual intercourse, reflecting the high degree of protection conferred by the genital mucosa. However, the contribution of different host factors to the protection against HIV-1 at mucosal surfaces remains poorly defined. Here, we report for the first time that acidic values of pH enable the plasma protein histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) to strongly inhibit HIV-1 infection. Because cervicovaginal secretions usually show low pH values, our observations suggest that HRG might represent a constitutive antiviral mechanism in the vaginal mucosa. Interestingly, infection by other viruses, such as respiratory syncytial virus and herpes simplex virus 2, was also markedly inhibited by HRG at low pH values, suggesting that extracellular acidosis enables HRG to display broad antiviral activity.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Severe acute pancreatitis is a highly lethal disease caused by systemic inflammatory response syndrome, leading to multiple organ failure. We recently showed that histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) supplemental therapy ameliorated septic acute respiratory distress syndrome due to unnecessary neutrophil activation and immunothrombosis formation. Here, we evaluated the effect of HRG on lung inflammation followed by pancreatitis in a severe acute pancreatitis mouse model. METHODS Mice received intraperitoneal injections of cerulein 7 times (100 μg/kg each) at 1-hour intervals to induce acute pancreatitis. Immediately after the first cerulein injection, phosphate-buffered saline, human serum albumin (20 mg/kg), or HRG (20 mg/kg) was intravenously injected. One hour after the last cerulein injection, phosphate-buffered saline or lipopolysaccharide (5 mg/kg) was intravenously injected into the tail vein. We evaluated lung inflammatory level after pancreatitis. RESULTS We observed significantly decreased plasma HRG levels in an acute pancreatitis mouse model. Histidine-rich glycoprotein treatment inhibited lung edema and the accumulation of neutrophil in severe acute pancreatitis, but HRG did not directly affect pancreatitis. Moreover, HRG suppressed tumor necrosis factor α, inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin 6, and neutrophil elastase mRNA expression and myeloperoxidase activity in the lung. CONCLUSIONS These data suggested that HRG ameliorated lung inflammation secondary to pancreatitis.
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22
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Decrease in Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein as a Novel Biomarker to Predict Sepsis Among Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome. Crit Care Med 2018; 46:570-576. [DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000002947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bastos P, Trindade F, Ferreira R, Casteleiro MA, Stevens R, Klein J, Vitorino R. Unveiling antimicrobial peptide–generating human proteases using PROTEASIX. J Proteomics 2018; 171:53-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Łoboda D, Kozłowski H, Rowińska-Żyrek M. Antimicrobial peptide–metal ion interactions – a potential way of activity enhancement. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04709f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We discuss the potential correlation between the antimicrobial peptide–metal binding mode, structure, thermodynamics and mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Łoboda
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Wroclaw
- 50-383 Wroclaw
- Poland
| | - H. Kozłowski
- Public Higher Medical Professional School in Opole
- 45-060 Opole
- Poland
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25
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Mandal SM, Khan J, Mahata D, Saha S, Sengupta J, Silva ON, Das S, Mandal M, Franco OL. A self-assembled clavanin A-coated amniotic membrane scaffold for the prevention of biofilm formation by ocular surface fungal pathogens. BIOFOULING 2017; 33:881-891. [PMID: 29047302 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2017.1383400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Amniotic membrane (AM) is frequently used in ophthalmologic surgery for rapid ocular surface reconstruction. Sometimes it may create a major problem with associated infections after biofilm formation over the membrane. To overcome this problem, AM was coated with the antimicrobial peptide clavanin A. The antifungal activity of clavanin A in the native and self-assembled form was determined against the common ocular surface pathogens Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Alternaria sp. and Fusarium sp. Biofilm formation over the coated surface was significantly reduced in comparison with the uncoated membrane. The coated membrane revealed effectiveness in terms of biocompatibility, cell attachment colonization when tested in non-cancerous 3T3 and human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cell lines. Clavanin A-coated AM also exhibited excellent physical, morphological and antifungal characteristics, indicating potential applicability for ocular surface infection control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santi M Mandal
- a Central Research Facility , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur , India
| | - Jahangir Khan
- a Central Research Facility , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur , India
| | - Denial Mahata
- b Rubber Technology Centre , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur , India
| | - Suman Saha
- c Priyamvada Birla Aravind Eye Hospital , Kolkata , India
| | | | - Osmar N Silva
- d S-Inova Biotech, Pos-Graduação em Biotecnologia , Universidade Católica Dom Bosco , Campo Grande , Brazil
| | - Subhayan Das
- e School of Medical Science and Technology , Indian Institute of Technology , Kharagpur , India
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- e School of Medical Science and Technology , Indian Institute of Technology , Kharagpur , India
| | - Octavio L Franco
- d S-Inova Biotech, Pos-Graduação em Biotecnologia , Universidade Católica Dom Bosco , Campo Grande , Brazil
- f Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Centro de Analises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas , Universidade Católica de Brasília , Brasília , Brazil
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Functional Regulation of the Plasma Protein Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein by Zn 2+ in Settings of Tissue Injury. Biomolecules 2017; 7:biom7010022. [PMID: 28257077 PMCID: PMC5372734 DOI: 10.3390/biom7010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Divalent metal ions are essential nutrients for all living organisms and are commonly protein-bound where they perform important roles in protein structure and function. This regulatory control from metals is observed in the relatively abundant plasma protein histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG), which displays preferential binding to the second most abundant transition element in human systems, Zinc (Zn2+). HRG has been proposed to interact with a large number of protein ligands and has been implicated in the regulation of various physiological and pathological processes including the formation of immune complexes, apoptotic/necrotic and pathogen clearance, cell adhesion, antimicrobial activity, angiogenesis, coagulation and fibrinolysis. Interestingly, these processes are often associated with sites of tissue injury or tumour growth, where the concentration and distribution of Zn2+ is known to vary. Changes in Zn2+ levels have been shown to modify HRG function by altering its affinity for certain ligands and/or providing protection against proteolytic disassembly by serine proteases. This review focuses on the molecular interplay between HRG and Zn2+, and how Zn2+ binding modifies HRG-ligand interactions to regulate function in different settings of tissue injury.
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Priebatsch KM, Poon IKH, Patel KK, Kvansakul M, Hulett MD. Divalent metal binding by histidine-rich glycoprotein differentially regulates higher order oligomerisation and proteolytic processing. FEBS Lett 2016; 591:164-176. [PMID: 27930811 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The serum protein histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) has been implicated in tissue injury and tumour growth. Several HRG functions are regulated by the divalent metal Zn2+ , including ligand binding and proteolytic processing that releases active HRG fragments. Although HRG can bind divalent metals other than Zn2+ , the impact of these divalent metals on the biophysical properties of HRG remains poorly understood. We now show that HRG binds Zn2+ , Ni2+ , Cu2+ and Co2+ with micromolar affinities, but differing stoichiometries, and regulate the release of specific HRG fragments during proteolysis. Furthermore, HRG binding to Zn2+ promotes HRG dimer formation in a Zn2+ -concentration- and pH-dependent manner. Our data highlight the complex divalent metal-dependent regulatory mechanisms that govern HRG function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Priebatsch
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ivan K H Poon
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kruti K Patel
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marc Kvansakul
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark D Hulett
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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Wake H, Mori S, Liu K, Morioka Y, Teshigawara K, Sakaguchi M, Kuroda K, Gao Y, Takahashi H, Ohtsuka A, Yoshino T, Morimatsu H, Nishibori M. Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein Prevents Septic Lethality through Regulation of Immunothrombosis and Inflammation. EBioMedicine 2016; 9:180-194. [PMID: 27333033 PMCID: PMC4972547 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a major cause of death worldwide. We show that a plasma protein histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) was decreased significantly in septic mice with cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and supplementary treatment of septic mice with exogenous HRG improved survival, with strong inhibition of tight attachment of neutrophils to pulmonary vasculatures, subsequent immunothrombosis, DIC state, lung inflammation, hypercytokinemia, and activation of vascular endothelial cells (VECs). In contrast, knockdown of HRG by siRNA exacerbated lethality. Purified human HRG reversibly induced morphological changes in human neutrophils in vitro; induction of spherical shape with reduced microvilli and adhesiveness to VECs. HRG maintained the passage of neutrophils through microcapillaries and abolished production of reactive oxygen species. These results suggested that the supplementary therapy with HRG may provide a novel strategy for the treatment of sepsis through suppression of excessive systemic inflammation and immunothrombosis by keeping circulating neutrophils quiescent and preventing uncontrolled activation of VECs. A plasma protein HRG decreased markedly in septic mice with high lethality. Supplementary treatment with HRG improved the survival of septic mice. HRG treatment inhibited immunothrombosis, NETosis, and excessive inflammation. HRG kept circulating neutrophils quiescent morphologically and functionally.
Although sepsis is a critical disease condition with high mortality and the main cause of death in intensive care units, there is no therapeutic drug for sepsis now. This research found that a plasma protein, histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG), decreased dramatically in sepsis mouse model and that supplementary treatment of septic mice with purified human HRG remarkably improved the lethality of mice, associated with inhibition of tight attachment of neutrophils to pulmonary vasculatures, subsequent thrombosis, lung inflammation and activation of vascular endothelial cells. Thus, supplementary therapy with HRG may provide a novel strategy for the treatment of septic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Wake
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shuji Mori
- Department of Pharmacology, Shujitsu University, School of Pharmacy, Okayama 703-8516, Japan
| | - Keyue Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yuta Morioka
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Teshigawara
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Masakiyo Sakaguchi
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kuroda
- Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hideo Takahashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kinki University, Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama 589-8511, Japan
| | - Aiji Ohtsuka
- Department of Human Morphology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yoshino
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Morimatsu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishibori
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
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Legras JL, Moreno-Garcia J, Zara S, Zara G, Garcia-Martinez T, Mauricio JC, Mannazzu I, Coi AL, Bou Zeidan M, Dequin S, Moreno J, Budroni M. Flor Yeast: New Perspectives Beyond Wine Aging. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:503. [PMID: 27148192 PMCID: PMC4830823 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The most important dogma in white-wine production is the preservation of the wine aroma and the limitation of the oxidative action of oxygen. In contrast, the aging of Sherry and Sherry-like wines is an aerobic process that depends on the oxidative activity of flor strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Under depletion of nitrogen and fermentable carbon sources, these yeast produce aggregates of floating cells and form an air–liquid biofilm on the wine surface, which is also known as velum or flor. This behavior is due to genetic and metabolic peculiarities that differentiate flor yeast from other wine yeast. This review will focus first on the most updated data obtained through the analysis of flor yeast with -omic tools. Comparative genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics of flor and wine yeast strains are shedding new light on several features of these special yeast, and in particular, they have revealed the extent of proteome remodeling imposed by the biofilm life-style. Finally, new insights in terms of promotion and inhibition of biofilm formation through small molecules, amino acids, and di/tri-peptides, and novel possibilities for the exploitation of biofilm immobilization within a fungal hyphae framework, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Legras
- SPO, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - SupAgro, Université de Montpellier Montpellier, France
| | - Jaime Moreno-Garcia
- Department of Microbiology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, University of Cordoba Cordoba, Spain
| | - Severino Zara
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari Sassari, Italy
| | - Giacomo Zara
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari Sassari, Italy
| | - Teresa Garcia-Martinez
- Department of Microbiology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, University of Cordoba Cordoba, Spain
| | - Juan C Mauricio
- Department of Microbiology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, University of Cordoba Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ilaria Mannazzu
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari Sassari, Italy
| | - Anna L Coi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari Sassari, Italy
| | - Marc Bou Zeidan
- Department of Agri-Food Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Sylvie Dequin
- SPO, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - SupAgro, Université de Montpellier Montpellier, France
| | - Juan Moreno
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, University of Cordoba Cordoba, Spain
| | - Marilena Budroni
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari Sassari, Italy
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Fedeli C, Segat D, Tavano R, Bubacco L, De Franceschi G, de Laureto PP, Lubian E, Selvestrel F, Mancin F, Papini E. The functional dissection of the plasma corona of SiO₂-NPs spots histidine rich glycoprotein as a major player able to hamper nanoparticle capture by macrophages. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:17710-17728. [PMID: 26451907 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr05290d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A coat of strongly-bound host proteins, or hard corona, may influence the biological and pharmacological features of nanotheranostics by altering their cell-interaction selectivity and macrophage clearance. With the goal of identifying specific corona-effectors, we investigated how the capture of amorphous silica nanoparticles (SiO2-NPs; Ø = 26 nm; zeta potential = -18.3 mV) by human lymphocytes, monocytes and macrophages is modulated by the prominent proteins of their plasma corona. LC MS/MS analysis, western blotting and quantitative SDS-PAGE densitometry show that Histidine Rich Glycoprotein (HRG) is the most abundant component of the SiO2-NP hard corona in excess plasma from humans (HP) and mice (MP), together with minor amounts of the homologous Kininogen-1 (Kin-1), while it is remarkably absent in their Foetal Calf Serum (FCS)-derived corona. HRG binds with high affinity to SiO2-NPs (HRG Kd ∼2 nM) and competes with other plasma proteins for the NP surface, so forming a stable and quite homogeneous corona inhibiting nanoparticles binding to the macrophage membrane and their subsequent uptake. Conversely, in the case of lymphocytes and monocytes not only HRG but also several common plasma proteins can interchange in this inhibitory activity. The depletion of HRG and Kin-1 from HP or their plasma exhaustion by increasing NP concentration (>40 μg ml(-1) in 10% HP) lead to a heterogeneous hard corona, mostly formed by fibrinogen (Fibr), HDLs, LDLs, IgGs, Kallikrein and several minor components, allowing nanoparticle binding to macrophages. Consistently, the FCS-derived SiO2-NP hard corona, mainly formed by hemoglobin, α2 macroglobulin and HDLs but lacking HRG, permits nanoparticle uptake by macrophages. Moreover, purified HRG competes with FCS proteins for the NP surface, inhibiting their recruitment in the corona and blocking NP macrophage capture. HRG, the main component of the plasma-derived SiO2-NPs' hard corona, has antiopsonin characteristics and uniquely confers to these particles the ability to evade macrophage capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Fedeli
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale per le Biotecnologie Innovative, Università di Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, I-35131, Padova, Italy. and Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, I-35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Daniela Segat
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, I-35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Regina Tavano
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale per le Biotecnologie Innovative, Università di Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, I-35131, Padova, Italy. and Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, I-35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Luigi Bubacco
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, I-35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgia De Franceschi
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale per le Biotecnologie Innovative, Università di Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, I-35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Polverino de Laureto
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale per le Biotecnologie Innovative, Università di Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, I-35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Elisa Lubian
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, I -35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Francesco Selvestrel
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, I -35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Mancin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, I -35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Papini
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale per le Biotecnologie Innovative, Università di Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, I-35131, Padova, Italy. and Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, I-35131, Padova, Italy
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Ronca F, Raggi A. Structure-function relationships in mammalian histidine-proline-rich glycoprotein. Biochimie 2015; 118:207-20. [PMID: 26409900 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Histidine-proline-rich glycoprotein (HPRG), or histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG), is a serum protein that is synthesized in the liver and is actively internalised by different cells, including skeletal muscle. The multidomain arrangement of HPRG comprises two modules at the N-terminus that are homologous to cystatin but void of cysteine proteinase inhibitor function, and a second half consisting of a histidine-proline-rich region (HPRR) located between two proline-rich regions (PRR1 and PRR2), and a C-terminus domain. HPRG has been reported to bind various ligands and to modulate angiogenesis via the histidine residues of the HPRR. However, the secondary structure prediction of the HPRR reveals that more than 98% is disordered and the structural basis of the hypothesized functions remains unclear. Comparison of the PRR1 of several mammalian species indicates the presence of a conserved binding site that might coordinate the Zn(2+) ion with an amino acid arrangement compatible with the cysteine-containing site that has been identified experimentally for rabbit HPRG. This observation provides a structural basis to the function of HPRG as an intracellular zinc chaperone which has been suggested by the involvement of the protein in the maintenance of the quaternary structure of skeletal muscle AMP deaminase (AMPD). During Anthropoidea evolution, a change of the primary structure of the PRR1 Zn(2+) binding site took place, giving rise to the sequence M-S-C-S/L-S/R-C that resembles the MxCxxC motif characteristic of metal transporters and metallochaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ronca
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Raggi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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Roche F, Sipilä K, Honjo S, Johansson S, Tugues S, Heino J, Claesson-Welsh L. Histidine-rich glycoprotein blocks collagen-binding integrins and adhesion of endothelial cells through low-affinity interaction with α2 integrin. Matrix Biol 2015; 48:89-99. [PMID: 26051322 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The plasma protein histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) affects the morphology and function of both endothelial cells (ECs) and monocytes/macrophages in cancer. Here, we examined the mechanism of action of HRG's effect on ECs. HRG suppressed adhesion, spreading and migration of ECs specifically on collagen I (COL I) whereas ECs seeded on other extracellular matrix proteins were insensitive to HRG. HRG did not bind specifically to COL I or to the α-integrin binding site on collagen, GFOGER. Furthermore, HRG's inhibition of EC adhesion was not dependent upon heparan sulfate (HS) moieties as heparitinase-treated ECs remained sensitive to HRG. C2C12 cells expressing α2 integrin, the major collagen-binding α-integrin subunit in ECs, showed increased binding of HRG compared with wild type C2C12 cells lacking the α2 subunit. Recombinant α2 I-domain protein bound HRG and to a higher extent when in active conformation. However, the α2 I-domain bound weakly to HRG compared with COL I and the purified α2β1 ectodomain complex failed to retain HRG. We conclude that HRG binds to α2 integrin through low-affinity interactions in a HS-independent manner, thereby blocking EC-adhesion to COL I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Roche
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Dag Hammarskjöldv. 20, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Kalle Sipilä
- University of Turku, Department of Biochemistry and MediCity Research Laboratory, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Satoshi Honjo
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Dag Hammarskjöldv. 20, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Staffan Johansson
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, Box 582, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sònia Tugues
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Dag Hammarskjöldv. 20, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jyrki Heino
- University of Turku, Department of Biochemistry and MediCity Research Laboratory, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Lena Claesson-Welsh
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Dag Hammarskjöldv. 20, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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Novel approaches to improve the intrinsic microbiological safety of powdered infant milk formula. Nutrients 2015; 7:1217-44. [PMID: 25685987 PMCID: PMC4344585 DOI: 10.3390/nu7021217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk is recognised as the best form of nutrition for infants. However; in instances where breast-feeding is not possible, unsuitable or inadequate, infant milk formulae are used as breast milk substitutes. These formulae are designed to provide infants with optimum nutrition for normal growth and development and are available in either powdered or liquid forms. Powdered infant formula is widely used for convenience and economic reasons. However; current manufacturing processes are not capable of producing a sterile powdered infant formula. Due to their immature immune systems and permeable gastro-intestinal tracts, infants can be more susceptible to infection via foodborne pathogenic bacteria than other age-groups. Consumption of powdered infant formula contaminated by pathogenic microbes can be a cause of serious illness. In this review paper, we discuss the current manufacturing practices present in the infant formula industry, the pathogens of greatest concern, Cronobacter and Salmonella and methods of improving the intrinsic safety of powdered infant formula via the addition of antimicrobials such as: bioactive peptides; organic acids; probiotics and prebiotics.
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Deuschle U, Birkel M, Hambruch E, Hornberger M, Kinzel O, Perović-Ottstadt S, Schulz A, Hahn U, Burnet M, Kremoser C. The nuclear bile acid receptor FXR controls the liver derived tumor suppressor histidine-rich glycoprotein. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:2693-704. [PMID: 25363753 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear bile acid receptor Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is strongly expressed in liver and intestine, controls bile acid and lipid homeostasis and exerts tumor-protective functions in liver and intestine. Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) is an abundant plasma protein produced by the liver with the proposed function as a pattern recognition molecule involved in the clearance of immune complexes, necrotic cells and pathogens, the modulation of angiogenesis, the normalization of deranged endothelial vessel structure in tumors and tumor suppression. FXR recognition sequences were identified within a human HRG promoter fragment that mediated FXR/FXR-agonist dependent reporter gene activity in vitro. We show that HRG is a novel transcriptional target gene of FXR in human hepatoma cells, human upcyte® primary hepatocytes and 3D human liver microtissues in vitro and in mouse liver in vivo. Prolonged administration of the potent nonsteroidal FXR agonist PX20606 increases HRG levels in mouse plasma. Finally, daily oral administration of this FXR agonist for seven days resulted in a significant increase of HRG levels in the plasma of healthy human male volunteers during a clinical Phase I safety study. HRG might serve as a surrogate marker indicative of liver-specific FXR activation in future human clinical studies. Furthermore, potent FXR agonists might be beneficial in serious health conditions where HRG is reduced, for example, in hepatocellular carcinoma but also other solid cancers, liver failure, sepsis and pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Deuschle
- Phenex Pharmaceuticals AG, Waldhofer Str. 104, 69123, Heidelberg, Germany
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Tugues S, Roche F, Noguer O, Orlova A, Bhoi S, Padhan N, Åkerud P, Honjo S, Selvaraju RK, Mazzone M, Tolmachev V, Claesson-Welsh L. Histidine-rich glycoprotein uptake and turnover is mediated by mononuclear phagocytes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107483. [PMID: 25243896 PMCID: PMC4171488 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) is implicated in tumor growth and metastasis by regulation of angiogenesis and inflammation. HRG is produced by hepatocytes and carried to tissues via the circulation. We hypothesized that HRG's tissue distribution and turnover may be mediated by inflammatory cells. Biodistribution parameters were analyzed by injection of radiolabeled, bioactive HRG in the circulation of healthy and tumor-bearing mice. 125I-HRG was cleared rapidly from the blood and taken up in tissues of healthy and tumor-bearing mice, followed by degradation, to an increased extent in the tumor-bearing mice. Steady state levels of HRG in the circulation were unaffected by the tumor disease both in murine tumor models and in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Importantly, stromal pools of HRG, detected in human CRC microarrays, were associated with inflammatory cells. In agreement, microautoradiography identified 125I-HRG in blood vessels and on CD45-positive leukocytes in mouse tissues. Moreover, radiolabeled HRG bound in a specific, heparan sulfate-independent manner, to differentiated human monocytic U937 cells in vitro. Suppression of monocyte differentiation by systemic treatment of mice with anti-colony stimulating factor-1 neutralizing antibodies led to reduced blood clearance of radiolabeled HRG and to accumulation of endogenous HRG in the blood. Combined, our data show that mononuclear phagocytes have specific binding sites for HRG and that these cells are essential for uptake of HRG from blood and distribution of HRG in tissues. Thereby, we confirm and extend our previous report that inflammatory cells mediate the effect of HRG on tumor growth and metastatic spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sònia Tugues
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Francis Roche
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Oriol Noguer
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Orlova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Preclinical PET Platform, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sujata Bhoi
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Narendra Padhan
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Åkerud
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Satoshi Honjo
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ram Kumar Selvaraju
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Preclinical PET Platform, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Vesalius Research Center, Dept of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Vesalius Research Center, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vladimir Tolmachev
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation sciences, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lena Claesson-Welsh
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Papareddy P, Kalle M, Bhongir RKV, Mörgelin M, Malmsten M, Schmidtchen A. Antimicrobial effects of helix D-derived peptides of human antithrombin III. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:29790-800. [PMID: 25202017 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.570465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Antithrombin III (ATIII) is a key antiproteinase involved in blood coagulation. Previous investigations have shown that ATIII is degraded by Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease, leading to release of heparin binding fragments derived from its D helix. As heparin binding and antimicrobial activity of peptides frequently overlap, we here set out to explore possible antibacterial effects of intact and degraded ATIII. In contrast to intact ATIII, the results showed that extensive degradation of the molecule yielded fragments with antimicrobial activity. Correspondingly, the heparin-binding, helix D-derived, peptide FFFAKLNCRLYRKANKSSKLV (FFF21) of human ATIII, was found to be antimicrobial against particularly the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy studies demonstrated that FFF21 binds to and permeabilizes bacterial membranes. Analogously, FFF21 was found to induce membrane leakage of model anionic liposomes. In vivo, FFF21 significantly reduced P. aeruginosa infection in mice. Additionally, FFF21 displayed anti-endotoxic effects in vitro. Taken together, our results suggest novel roles for ATIII-derived peptide fragments in host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Papareddy
- From the Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Biomedical Center, Tornavägen 10, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden, the Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Biomedical Center, Tornavägen 10, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden,
| | - Martina Kalle
- From the Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Biomedical Center, Tornavägen 10, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ravi K V Bhongir
- the Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Biomedical Center, Tornavägen 10, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Matthias Mörgelin
- the Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Biomedical Center, Tornavägen 10, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Malmsten
- the Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden, and
| | - Artur Schmidtchen
- From the Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Biomedical Center, Tornavägen 10, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden, the LKCMedicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232
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Polar characterization of antifungal peptides from APD2 Database. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 70:1479-88. [PMID: 24980861 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The increase in the number of pathogens due to fungi that are tolerant to therapies does not grow at the same speed than the advance on new antifungal drugs. In this sense, it is imperative to find anti-fungi peptides that are not detrimental to mammalian cells and have an effective toxicity to fungi. In this work, we use a method called polarity index, to identify anti-fungi peptides with an efficiency of 70 %. This method already published, initially identified selective antibacterial peptides from APD2 Database, and was characterized by developing a comprehensive analysis of the polar dynamics of a peptide from its linear sequence. Discriminating tests showed that in addition to being efficient in this identification, it was also good at rejecting other classifications of peptides found in that same database.
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Kalle M, Papareddy P, Kasetty G, Tollefsen DM, Malmsten M, Mörgelin M, Schmidtchen A. Proteolytic activation transforms heparin cofactor II into a host defense molecule. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:6303-10. [PMID: 23656734 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The abundant serine proteinase inhibitor heparin cofactor II (HCII) has been proposed to inhibit extravascular thrombin. However, the exact physiological role of this plasma protein remains enigmatic. In this study, we demonstrate a previously unknown role for HCII in host defense. Proteolytic cleavage of the molecule induced a conformational change, thereby inducing endotoxin-binding and antimicrobial properties. Analyses employing representative peptide epitopes mapped these effects to helices A and D. Mice deficient in HCII showed increased susceptibility to invasive infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, along with a significantly increased cytokine response. Correspondingly, decreased levels of HCII were observed in wild-type animals challenged with bacteria or endotoxin. In humans, proteolytically cleaved HCII forms were detected during wounding and in association with bacteria. Thus, the protease-induced uncovering of cryptic epitopes in HCII, which transforms the molecule into a host defense factor, represents a previously unknown regulatory mechanism in HCII biology and innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kalle
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden
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New Insights into the Functions of Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 304:467-93. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407696-9.00009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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40
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Fiołka M, Grzywnowicz K, Chlebiej K, Szczuka E, Mendyk E, Keller R, Rzymowska J. Anti-Candida albicansaction of the glyco-protein complex purified from metabolites of gut bacteriumRaoultella ornithinolyticaisolated from earthwormsDendrobaena veneta. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 113:1106-19. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05407.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.J. Fiołka
- Department of Immunobiology; Institute of Biology and Biochemistry; Maria Curie-Skłodowska University; Lublin; Poland
| | - K. Grzywnowicz
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Biology and Biochemistry; Maria Curie-Skłodowska University; Lublin; Poland
| | | | - E. Szczuka
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology; Institute of Biology and Biochemistry; Maria Curie-Skłodowska University; Lublin; Poland
| | - E. Mendyk
- Analytical Laboratory; Faculty of Chemistry; Maria Curie-Skłodowska University; Lublin; Poland
| | - R. Keller
- Analytical Laboratory; Faculty of Chemistry; Maria Curie-Skłodowska University; Lublin; Poland
| | - J. Rzymowska
- Department of Biology and Genetics; Medical University; Lublin; Poland
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41
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Papareddy P, Mörgelin M, Walse B, Schmidtchen A, Malmsten M. Antimicrobial activity of peptides derived from human ß-amyloid precursor protein. J Pept Sci 2012; 18:183-91. [PMID: 22249992 DOI: 10.1002/psc.1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are important effector molecules of the innate immune system. Here, we describe that peptides derived from the heparin-binding disulfide-constrained loop region of human ß-amyloid precursor protein are antimicrobial. The peptides investigated were linear and cyclic forms of NWCKRGRKQCKTHPH (NWC15) as well as the cyclic form comprising the C-terminal hydrophobic amino acid extension FVIPY (NWCKRGRKQCKTHPHFVIPY; NWC20c). Compared with the benchmark antimicrobial peptide LL-37, these peptides efficiently killed the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, and the fungi Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis. Correspondingly, fluorescence and electron microscopy demonstrated that the peptides caused defects in bacterial membranes. Analogously, the peptides permeabilised negatively charged liposomes. Despite their bactericidal effect, the peptides displayed very limited hemolytic activities within the concentration range investigated and exerted very small membrane permeabilising effects on human epithelial cells. The efficiency of the peptides with respect to bacterial killing and liposome membrane leakage was in the order NWC20c > NWC15c > NWC15l, which also correlated to the adsorption density for these peptides at the model lipid membrane. Thus, whereas the cationic sequence is a minimum determinant for antimicrobial action, a constrained loop-structure as well as a hydrophobic extension further contributes to membrane permeabilising activity of this region of amyloid precursor protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Papareddy
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Biomedical Center, Tornavägen 10, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
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Pasupuleti M, Schmidtchen A, Malmsten M. Antimicrobial peptides: key components of the innate immune system. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2011; 32:143-71. [PMID: 22074402 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2011.594423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 494] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Life-threatening infectious diseases are on their way to cause a worldwide crisis, as treating them effectively is becoming increasingly difficult due to the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) form an ancient type of innate immunity found universally in all living organisms, providing a principal first-line of defense against the invading pathogens. The unique diverse function and architecture of AMPs has attracted considerable attention by scientists, both in terms of understanding the basic biology of the innate immune system, and as a tool in the design of molecular templates for new anti-infective drugs. AMPs are gene-encoded short (<100 amino acids), amphipathic molecules with hydrophobic and cationic amino acids arranged spatially, which exhibit broad spectrum antimicrobial activity. AMPs have been the subject of natural evolution, as have the microbes, for hundreds of millions of years. Despite this long history of co-evolution, AMPs have not lost their ability to kill or inhibit the microbes totally, nor have the microbes learnt to avoid the lethal punch of AMPs. AMPs therefore have potential to provide an important breakthrough and form the basis for a new class of antibiotics. In this review, we would like to give an overview of cationic antimicrobial peptides, origin, structure, functions, and mode of action of AMPs, which are highly expressed and found in humans, as well as a brief discussion about widely abundant, well characterized AMPs in mammals, in addition to pharmaceutical aspects and the additional functions of AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Pasupuleti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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Harris F, Dennison SR, Singh J, Phoenix DA. On the selectivity and efficacy of defense peptides with respect to cancer cells. Med Res Rev 2011; 33:190-234. [PMID: 21922503 DOI: 10.1002/med.20252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Here, we review potential determinants of the anticancer efficacy of innate immune peptides (ACPs) for cancer cells. These determinants include membrane-based factors, such as receptors, phosphatidylserine, sialic acid residues, and sulfated glycans, and peptide-based factors, such as residue composition, sequence length, net charge, hydrophobic arc size, hydrophobicity, and amphiphilicity. Each of these factors may contribute to the anticancer action of ACPs, but no single factor(s) makes an overriding contribution to their overall selectivity and toxicity. Differences between the anticancer actions of ACPs seem to relate to different levels of interplay between these peptide and membrane-based factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Harris
- School of Forensic and Investigative Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, United Kingdom
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Sonesson A, Nordahl EA, Malmsten M, Schmidtchen A. Antifungal activities of peptides derived from domain 5 of high-molecular-weight kininogen. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDES 2011; 2011:761037. [PMID: 21941573 PMCID: PMC3173955 DOI: 10.1155/2011/761037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients, Candida and Malassezia are causing or triggering clinical manifestations such as cutaneous infections and atopic eczema. The innate immune system provides rapid responses to microbial invaders, without requiring prior stimulation, through a sophisticated system of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). High molecular weight kininogen (HMWK) and components of the contact system have previously been reported to bind to Candida and other pathogens, leading to activation of the contact system. A cutaneous Candida infection is characterized by an accumulation of neutrophils, leading to an inflammatory response and release of enzymatically active substances. In the present study we demonstrate that antifungal peptide fragments are generated through proteolytic degradation of HMWK. The recombinant domain 5 (rD5) of HMWK, D5-derived peptides, as well as hydrophobically modified D5-derived peptides efficiently killed Candida and Malassezia. Furthermore, the antifungal activity of modified peptides was studied at physiological conditions. Binding of a D5-derived peptide, HKH20 (His(479)-His(498)), to the fungal cell membrane was visualized by fluorescence microscopy. Our data disclose a novel antifungal activity of D5-derived peptides and also show that proteolytic cleavage of HMWK results in fragments exerting antifungal activity. Of therapeutic interest is that structurally modified peptides show an enhanced antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Sonesson
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Emma Andersson Nordahl
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Malmsten
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Artur Schmidtchen
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
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Lam OLT, Bandara HMHN, Samaranayake LP, McGrath C, Li LSW. Oral health promotion interventions on oral yeast in hospitalised and medically compromised patients: a systematic review. Mycoses 2011; 55:123-42. [PMID: 21749481 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2011.02062.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Yeast are major aetiological agents of localised oral mucosal lesions, and are also leading causes of nosocomial bloodstream infections. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the effectiveness of oral health promotion interventions on the prevalence and incidence of these opportunistic oral pathogens in hospitalised and medically compromised patients. The PubMed, ISI Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases were searched for clinical trials assessing the effect of oral health promotion interventions on oral yeast. Chlorhexidine delivered in a variety of oral hygiene products appeared to have some effect on oral yeast, although some studies found equivocal effects. Although a wide array of other compounds have also been investigated, their clinical effectiveness remains to be substantiated. Likewise, the utility of mechanical oral hygiene interventions and other oral health promotion measures such as topical application of salivary substitute, remains unsettled. Although many chemical agents contained in oral hygiene products have proven in vitro activity against oral yeast, their clinical effectiveness and potential role as adjuncts or alternative therapies to conventional treatment remains to be confirmed by further high-quality randomised controlled trials. This is pertinent, given the recent emergence of yeast resistance to conventional antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto L T Lam
- Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Abstract
AbstractHistidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG), also known as histidine-proline-rich glyco-protein, is an abundant and well-characterized protein of vertebrate plasma. HRG has a multidomain structure that allows the molecule to interact with many ligands, including heparin, phospholipids, plasminogen, fibrinogen, immunoglobulin G, C1q, heme, and Zn2+. The ability of HRG to interact with various ligands simultaneously has suggested that HRG can function as an adaptor molecule and regulate numerous important biologic processes, such as immune complex/necrotic cell/pathogen clearance, cell adhesion, angiogenesis, coagulation, and fibrinolysis. The present review covers the proposed multifunctional roles of HRG with a focus on recent findings that have led to its emergence as a key regulator of immunity and vascular biology. Also included is a discussion of the striking functional similarities between HRG and other important multifunctional proteins found in plasma, such as C-reactive protein, C1q, β2 glycoprotein I, and thrombospondin-1.
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Malmsten M, Kasetty G, Pasupuleti M, Alenfall J, Schmidtchen A. Highly selective end-tagged antimicrobial peptides derived from PRELP. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16400. [PMID: 21298015 PMCID: PMC3029338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are receiving increasing attention due to resistance development against conventional antibiotics. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are two major pathogens involved in an array of infections such as ocular infections, cystic fibrosis, wound and post-surgery infections, and sepsis. The goal of the study was to design novel AMPs against these pathogens. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Antibacterial activity was determined by radial diffusion, viable count, and minimal inhibitory concentration assays, while toxicity was evaluated by hemolysis and effects on human epithelial cells. Liposome and fluorescence studies provided mechanistic information. Protease sensitivity was evaluated after subjection to human leukocyte elastase, staphylococcal aureolysin and V8 proteinase, as well as P. aeruginosa elastase. Highly active peptides were evaluated in ex vivo skin infection models. C-terminal end-tagging by W and F amino acid residues increased antimicrobial potency of the peptide sequences GRRPRPRPRP and RRPRPRPRP, derived from proline arginine-rich and leucine-rich repeat protein (PRELP). The optimized peptides were antimicrobial against a range of gram-positive S. aureus and gram-negative P. aeruginosa clinical isolates, also in the presence of human plasma and blood. Simultaneously, they showed low toxicity against mammalian cells. Particularly W-tagged peptides displayed stability against P. aeruginosa elastase, and S. aureus V8 proteinase and aureolysin, and the peptide RRPRPRPRPWWWW-NH(2) was effective against various "superbugs" including vancomycin-resistant enterococci, multi-drug resistant P. aeruginosa, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus, as well as demonstrated efficiency in an ex vivo skin wound model of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa infection. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Hydrophobic C-terminal end-tagging of the cationic sequence RRPRPRPRP generates highly selective AMPs with potent activity against multiresistant bacteria and efficiency in ex vivo wound infection models. A precise "tuning" of toxicity and proteolytic stability may be achieved by changing tag-length and adding W- or F-amino acid tags.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gopinath Kasetty
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mukesh Pasupuleti
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Artur Schmidtchen
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Histidine-rich glycoprotein promotes bacterial entrapment in clots and decreases mortality in a mouse model of sepsis. Blood 2010; 116:2365-72. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-02-271858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes is a significant bacterial pathogen in humans. In this study, histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG), an abundant plasma protein, was found to kill S pyogenes. Furthermore, S pyogenes grew more efficiently in HRG-deficient plasma, and clots formed in this plasma were significantly less effective at bacterial entrapment and killing. HRG-deficient mice were strikingly more susceptible to S pyogenes infection. These animals failed to control the infection at the local subcutaneous site, and abscess formation and inflammation were diminished compared with control animals. As a result, bacterial dissemination occurred more rapidly in HRG-deficient mice, and they died earlier and with a significantly higher mortality rate than control animals. HRG-deficient mice supplemented with purified HRG gave the same phenotype as control animals, demonstrating that the lack of HRG was responsible for the increased susceptibility. The results demonstrate a previously unappreciated role for HRG as a regulator of inflammation and in the defense at the local site of bacterial infection.
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Papareddy P, Kalle M, Kasetty G, Mörgelin M, Rydengård V, Albiger B, Lundqvist K, Malmsten M, Schmidtchen A. C-terminal peptides of tissue factor pathway inhibitor are novel host defense molecules. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:28387-98. [PMID: 20592020 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.127019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) inhibits tissue factor-induced coagulation, but may, via its C terminus, also modulate cell surface, heparin, and lipopolysaccharide interactions as well as participate in growth inhibition. Here we show that C-terminal TFPI peptide sequences are antimicrobial against the gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as the fungi Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis. Fluorescence studies of peptide-treated bacteria, paired with analysis of peptide effects on liposomes, showed that the peptides exerted membrane-breaking effects similar to those seen for the "classic" human antimicrobial peptide LL-37. The killing of E. coli, but not P. aeruginosa, by the C-terminal peptide GGLIKTKRKRKKQRVKIAYEEIFVKNM (GGL27), was enhanced in human plasma and largely abolished in heat-inactivated plasma, a phenomenon linked to generation of antimicrobial C3a and activation of the classic pathway of complement activation. Furthermore, GGL27 displayed anti-endotoxic effects in vitro and in vivo in a mouse model of LPS shock. Importantly, TFPI was found to be expressed in the basal layers of normal epidermis, and was markedly up-regulated in acute skin wounds as well as wound edges of chronic leg ulcers. Furthermore, C-terminal fragments of TFPI were associated with bacteria present in human chronic leg ulcers. These findings suggest a new role for TFPI in cutaneous defense against infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Papareddy
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
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Papareddy P, Rydengård V, Pasupuleti M, Walse B, Mörgelin M, Chalupka A, Malmsten M, Schmidtchen A. Proteolysis of human thrombin generates novel host defense peptides. PLoS Pathog 2010; 6:e1000857. [PMID: 20421939 PMCID: PMC2858699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The coagulation system is characterized by the sequential and highly localized activation of a series of serine proteases, culminating in the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin, and formation of a fibrin clot. Here we show that C-terminal peptides of thrombin, a key enzyme in the coagulation cascade, constitute a novel class of host defense peptides, released upon proteolysis of thrombin in vitro, and detected in human wounds in vivo. Under physiological conditions, these peptides exert antimicrobial effects against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, mediated by membrane lysis, as well as immunomodulatory functions, by inhibiting macrophage responses to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. In mice, they are protective against P. aeruginosa sepsis, as well as lipopolysaccharide-induced shock. Moreover, the thrombin-derived peptides exhibit helical structures upon binding to lipopolysaccharide and can also permeabilize liposomes, features typical of “classical” helical antimicrobial peptides. These findings provide a novel link between the coagulation system and host-defense peptides, two fundamental biological systems activated in response to injury and microbial invasion. Wounding of the skin and other epithelial barriers represents an ever-present challenge and poses a potential threat for invasive infection and sepsis. Therefore, it is not surprising that evolutionary pressure has maintained and developed multiple host defense systems, involving initial hemostasis and fibrin formation, and the subsequent action of multiple proteins and peptides of our innate immune system. In humans, the coagulation pathways and those mediating innate immune responses to infections have so far been seen as separate entities. This view is challenged by the present study, which discloses novel host defense functions of C-terminal peptides of thrombin, a key enzyme in the coagulation cascade. The thrombin-derived peptides, which are detected in human wounds and fibrin, effectively kill microbes by membrane lysis, but also exert potent immunomodulatory and anti-endotoxic functions. Importantly, these peptides protect against P. aeruginosa sepsis, as well as lipopolysaccharide-induced shock in animal models. Thus, from the perspective of wounding and infection, thrombin, after fulfilling its primary function by generating a first line of defense, the fibrin clot, serves an additional role by the generation of antimicrobial and anti-endotoxic host-defense peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Papareddy
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Biomedical Center, Lund, Sweden
| | - Victoria Rydengård
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Biomedical Center, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mukesh Pasupuleti
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Biomedical Center, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Matthias Mörgelin
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Biomedical Center, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Chalupka
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Biomedical Center, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Martin Malmsten
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Artur Schmidtchen
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Biomedical Center, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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