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Nisiewicz MK, Kowalczyk A, Sikorska M, Kasprzak A, Bamburowicz-Klimkowska M, Koszytkowska-Stawińska M, Nowicka AM. Poly(amidoamine) dendrimer immunosensor for ultrasensitive gravimetric and electrochemical detection of matrix metalloproteinase-9. Talanta 2022; 247:123600. [PMID: 35659686 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring the level of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and inhibiting its expression is important for the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. However, the analysis of MMP-9 is challenging owing to its very low content in the blood, especially at the early stages of diseases. Therefore, we developed an ultrasensitive and easy-to-use immunosensor based on a three-dimensional (3D) bioplatform for the determination of the total MMP-9 concentration in plasma. The used 3D bioplatform (G2 poly(amidoamine) dendrimer; PAMAM) improved the sensitivity of the determination by significantly expanding the surface area of the receptor layer. The antigen-antibody recognition process was controlled by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The effect of the orientation of antibody molecules in the sensing layer on the work parameters of the immunosensor was analyzed using unmodified PAMAM (PAMAM-NH2) and PAMAM functionalized with -COOH groups (PAMAM-COOH). The developed immunosensor based on PAMAM-NH2 was characterized by a lower detection limit (LOD = 2.0 pg⋅mL-1) and wider analytical range (1·10-4 - 5 μg⋅mL-1 for EIS and QCM-D) compared to PAMAM-COOH immunosensor (EIS: 1·10-4 - 0.5 μg⋅mL-1; QCM-D: 5·10-4 - 0.5 μg⋅mL-1). The functionality of the proposed device was verified in spiked plasma. The recoveries determined in commercial human and rat plasma and noncommercial rat plasma were very close to the value of 100% and in the range of 96-120% for Au/PAMAM-NH2/Ab and Au/PAMAM-COOH/Ab immunosensors, respectively. The designed analytical devices showed high selectivity and sensitivity without the use of any amplifiers such as metal nanoparticles or enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika K Nisiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura Str. 1, PL 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego Str. 3, PL 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Kowalczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura Str. 1, PL 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Sikorska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura Str. 1, PL 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Kasprzak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego Str. 3, PL 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Anna M Nowicka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura Str. 1, PL 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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Linssen PBC, Brunner-La Rocca HP, Schalkwijk CG, Beulens JWJ, Elders PJM, van der Heijden AA, Slieker RC, Stehouwer CDA, Henry RMA. Serum Matrix Metalloproteinases and Left Atrial Remodeling-The Hoorn Study. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144944. [PMID: 32668720 PMCID: PMC7404388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix protein turnover may play an important role in left atrial (LA) remodelling. The aim is to investigate the associations between matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP-1) and LA volume index (LAVI) and if these associations are independent of TIMP-1 levels. Participants from The Hoorn Study, a population-based cohort study (n = 674), underwent echocardiography. Serum MMPs (i.e., MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, and MMP-10) and TIMP-1 levels were measured with ELISA. Multiple linear regression analyses were used. MMP-1 levels were not associated with LAVI. Higher MMP-2 levels were associated with larger LAVI (regression coefficient per SD increase in MMP (95% CI); 0.03 (0.01; 0.05). Higher MMP-3 and MMP-9 levels were associated with smaller LAVI; −0.04 (−0.07; −0.01) and −0.04 (−0.06; −0.02) respectively. Only in women were higher MMP-10 levels associated with larger LAVI; 0.04 (0.00; 0.07, p-interaction 0.04). Additionally, only in women were higher TIMP-1 levels associated with smaller LAVI; −0.05 (−0.09; −0.01, p-interaction 0.03). The associations between MMPs and LAVI were independent of TIMP-1 levels. In conclusion, serum MMPs are associated with LAVI, independent of CVD risk factors and TIMP-1 levels. In addition, these associations differ according to sex and within MMP subgroups. This shows that the role of MMPs in LA remodelling is complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline B. C. Linssen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (P.B.C.L.); (H.-P.B.-L.R.); (C.G.S.); (C.D.A.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans-Peter Brunner-La Rocca
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (P.B.C.L.); (H.-P.B.-L.R.); (C.G.S.); (C.D.A.S.)
- Heart and Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Casper G. Schalkwijk
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (P.B.C.L.); (H.-P.B.-L.R.); (C.G.S.); (C.D.A.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joline W. J. Beulens
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.W.J.B.); (R.C.S.)
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Petra J. M. Elders
- Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (P.J.M.E.); (A.A.v.d.H.)
| | - Amber A. van der Heijden
- Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (P.J.M.E.); (A.A.v.d.H.)
| | - Roderick C. Slieker
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.W.J.B.); (R.C.S.)
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Coen D. A. Stehouwer
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (P.B.C.L.); (H.-P.B.-L.R.); (C.G.S.); (C.D.A.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald M. A. Henry
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (P.B.C.L.); (H.-P.B.-L.R.); (C.G.S.); (C.D.A.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Heart and Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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Cellular and Molecular Effects of High-Molecular-Weight Heparin on Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071595. [PMID: 30935029 PMCID: PMC6479594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood sampling with different anticoagulants alters matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-) 9 expression, thus influencing its concentration and diagnostic validity. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effects of different anticoagulants on MMP-9 regulation. MMP-9 expression was assessed in response to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, citrate, and high-/low-molecular-weight heparin (HMWH, LMWH) in co-culture experiments using THP-1, Jurkat, and HT cells (representing monocytes, T, and B cells). Triple and double cell line co-culture experiments revealed that HMWH treatment of THP-1 and Jurkat led to a significant MMP-9 induction, whereas other anticoagulants and cell type combinations had no effect. Supernatant of HMWH-treated Jurkat cells also induced MMP-9 in THP-1 suggesting monocytes as MMP-9 producers. HMWH-induced cytokine/chemokine secretion was assessed in co-culture supernatant, and the influence of cytokines/chemokines on MMP-9 production was analyzed. These experiments revealed that Jurkat-derived IL-16 and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM-) 1 are able to induce MMP-9 and IL-8 production by THP-1. As a consequence, the increased MMP-9 expression found in HMWH blood samples may be influenced by HMWH-dependent secretion of IL-16 and sICAM-1 by T cells resulting in an increased production of MMP-9 and IL-8 by monocytes. IL-8, in turn, may support MMP-9 and its own expression in a positive autocrine feedback loop.
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Paula K, Anne TM, Taina TH. The Sample Type used Affects the Levels of Gelatinases (MMP-2 and -9) and their Inhibitors (TIMP-1 and -2) in Circulating Blood of Healthy Controls and Breast Cancer Patients. Biomark Insights 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/117727190700200038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
New potential tumor markers such as matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors have been extensively studied during the last decades. The aim is to find prognostic markers that are measurable in easily available samples, such as serum or plasma. The proper sample type to use when measuring the levels of gelatinases and their inhibitors from blood samples is currently under critical evaluation. In this study, the effect of sample type is studied in 26 healthy controls, and the result is confirmed in a series of 80 breast carcinoma patients. Sample type had the most evident effect on the levels of TIMP-1 and MMP-9. Serum samples gave about two-fold levels of TIMP-1 compared to plasma samples (p < 0.001), with a strong linear correlation between these two (r = 0.79). Pro-MMP-9 levels were significantly affected by the presence of a blood coagulation activator in the serum sample, or a different anticoagulant in the plasma sample. The serum and plasma values had only a weak correlation (r = 0.37). In conclusion, sample type should be carefully considered, especially when measuring proMMP-9, and plasma should be preferred for this measurement. For TIMP-1 the correlation of serum and plasma values is good; the use of serum samples can therefore be justified as long as the generally higher levels in the serum are acknowledged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuvaja Paula
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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Kusnierova P, Vsiansky F, Pleva L, Plevova P, Safarcik K, Svagera Z. Reference intervals of plasma matrix metalloproteinases 2, 3, and 9 and serum asymmetric dimethylarginine levels. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2015; 75:508-13. [PMID: 26151887 DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2015.1057760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to verify the reference intervals of plasma matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2, 3, and 9 and serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in a healthy population with an average age corresponding to that of patients with cardiovascular diseases. METHODS The study included 180 healthy volunteers. Plasma MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, and serum ADMA levels were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. These levels were analyzed for association with age and gender. The Cbstat5, R software, and NCSS 2007 programs were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS The average volunteer age was 47.4 years in the group in which MMP-3 and ADMA were analyzed, 40.3 years in the MMP-9 group, and 47.8 years for the MMP-2 group. Serum ADMA levels were determined to be independent of age and gender. Plasma MMP-2 levels were significantly correlated with age (p = 0.001), with lower levels detected in persons ≤ 49 years of age. Plasma MMP-3 was significantly associated with both age (p < 0.0001) and gender, with lower levels detected in persons of ≤ 47 years of age and among women. Plasma MMP-9 levels were not age dependent, but were associated with gender (p = 0.014), showing lower levels in women. CONCLUSIONS Reference intervals of heparin-plasma MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-9 and serum ADMA levels were determined. MMP-2 and MMP-3 levels were found to be age dependent, and MMP-3 and MMP-9 levels were gender dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlina Kusnierova
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava
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Nassar M, Hiraishi N, Shimokawa H, Tamura Y, Otsuki M, Kasugai S, Ohya K, Tagami J. The inhibition effect of non-protein thiols on dentinal matrix metalloproteinase activity and HEMA cytotoxicity. J Dent 2014; 42:312-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2013.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Sinno M, Biagioni S, Ajmone-Cat MA, Pafumi I, Caramanica P, Medda V, Tonti G, Minghetti L, Mannello F, Cacci E. The matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor marimastat promotes neural progenitor cell differentiation into neurons by gelatinase-independent TIMP-2-dependent mechanisms. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 22:345-58. [PMID: 23098139 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their endogenous inhibitors (TIMPs), produced in the brain by cells of non-neural and neural origin, including neural progenitors (NPs), are emerging as regulators of nervous system development and adult brain functions. In the present study, we explored whether MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-2, abundantly produced in the brain, modulate NP developmental properties. We found that treatment of NPs, isolated from the murine fetal cerebral cortex or adult subventricular zone, with the clinically tested broad-spectrum MMP inhibitor Marimastat profoundly affected the NP differentiation fate. Marimastat treatment allowed for an enrichment of our cultures in neuronal cells, inducing NPs to generate higher percentage of neurons and a lower percentage of astrocytes, possibly affecting NP commitment. Consistently with its proneurogenic effect, Marimastat early downregulated the expression of Notch target genes, such as Hes1 and Hes5. MMP-2 and MMP-9 profiling on proliferating and differentiating NPs revealed that MMP-9 was not expressed under these conditions, whereas MMP-2 increased in the medium as pro-MMP-2 (72 kDa) during differentiation; its active form (62 kDa) was not detectable by gel zymography. MMP-2 silencing or administration of recombinant active MMP-2 demonstrated that MMP-2 does not affect NP neuronal differentiation, nor it is involved in the Marimastat proneurogenic effect. We also found that TIMP-2 is expressed in NPs and increases during late differentiation, mainly as a consequence of astrocyte generation. Endogenous TIMP-2 did not modulate NP neurogenic potential; however, the proneurogenic action of Marimastat was mediated by TIMP-2, as demonstrated by silencing experiments. In conclusion, our data exclude a major involvement of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the regulation of basal NP differentiation, but highlight the ability of TIMP-2 to act as key effector of the proneurogenic response to an inducing stimulus such as Marimastat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Sinno
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Hellenthal FA, Pulinx B, Welten RJTJ, Teijink JA, van Dieijen-Visser MP, Wodzig WK, Schurink GWH. Circulating Biomarkers and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Size. J Surg Res 2012; 176:672-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Lee R. Letter by Lee regarding article, "Multi-analyte profiling reveals MMP-9 and MPC-1 as plasma biomarkers of cardiac aging". CIRCULATION. CARDIOVASCULAR GENETICS 2011; 4:e30-e31. [PMID: 22187454 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.111.961110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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10
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Niu LN, Zhang L, Jiao K, Li F, Ding YX, Wang DY, Wang MQ, Tay FR, Chen JH. Localization of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 in human coronal dentine. J Dent 2011; 39:536-42. [PMID: 21641958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs) play important roles in dentine formation, caries progression and hybrid layer degradation. This study tested the hypothesis that the distribution and concentrations of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 are different at different depths of human coronal dentine, including odontoblasts. METHODS Protein localization was performed using immunohistochemistry. Co-localization of the MMPs and their inhibitors was conducted using immunofluorescence double labelling. Protein concentrations were measured by ELISA and gelatinolytic potential was assessed with gelatine zymography. RESULTS MMP-2 was the main gelatinase in dentine and was concentrated in the odontoblasts, deep dentine and the dentinoenamel junction. TIMP-2 was co-localized with MMP-2 mainly in the odontoblasts but its concentration was low. Both MMP-9 and TIMP-1 showed a decreasing distribution from the deep to the superficial dentine layers; however, the concentration of TIMP-1 was much higher than that of MMP-9. The gelatinolytic potential of dentine protein extracts decreased gradually from deep to superficial dentine. CONCLUSIONS The concentrations and distribution patterns of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2, and the gelatinolytic potential of dentine matrix are variable along different dentine depths. Thus, differential collagen degradation potentials may be expected depending upon the depth in which dentine is exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L N Niu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Changle Road, Xi'an, China
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Jung K, Mannello F, Lein M. Translating molecular medicine into clinical tools: doomed to fail by neglecting basic preanalytical principles. J Transl Med 2009; 7:87. [PMID: 19828023 PMCID: PMC2765947 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-7-87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This commentary discusses a study on measurements of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) in serum of pseudoxanthoma elasticum patients recently published in Journal of Molecular Medicine. This study can be considered the typical "obstacle" to effective translational medicine as previously documented in JTM journal. Although serum has been frequently proven as inappropriate sample for determining numerous circulating MMPs, among them MMP-9, there are over and over again studies, as in this case, that measure MMP-9 in serum. Comparative measurements in serum and plasma samples demonstrated higher concentrations for MMP-9 in serum due to the additional release from leukocytes and platelets following the coagulation/fibrinolysis process. From this example it can be concluded that translating basic research discoveries into clinical tools needs a more intensive exchange between basic biomedical research and clinical scientists already in an early stage. Otherwise a lost of translation, as discussed in JTM journal, seems to be inevitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Jung
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Schumannstr. 20/21, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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Mannello F, Jung K, Tonti GA, Canestrari F. Heparin affects matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases circulating in peripheral blood. Clin Biochem 2008; 41:1466-73. [PMID: 18926810 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2008.09.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2008] [Revised: 09/04/2008] [Accepted: 09/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Blood sampling/handling alters matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP) expression. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of high molecular weight heparin on MMP and TIMP expression in blood. DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed by gelatin zymography and ELISA assays the effects of different heparin salts, dose- and time-dependence of MMP and TIMP concentrations in plasma and sera collected with and without clot-accelerator in plastic tubes from 50 healthy donors. RESULTS The levels and zymography of MMP-2 did not show significant changes among all samples, and during time- and dose-dependent heparin treatments. MMP-9 and TIMP-2 expression were strongly affected by heparin, with significant increase of their content and gelatinolytic activity both in time- and in dose-dependent fashion. Addition of heparin allowed also the displacement of MMP-2 prodomain, favouring zymogen activation. CONCLUSIONS Heparin has direct and indirect effects, altering MMP/TIMP complexes circulating in blood, and increasing the release of TIMP-2. To avoid misinterpretations due to MMP/TIMP complex alteration and MMP prodomain displacement, heparin should be cautiously used in blood collection procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinando Mannello
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy.
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Jung K. A strong note of caution in using matrix metalloproteinase-1 and its inhibitor, TIMP-1 in serum as biomarkers in systolic heart failure. J Intern Med 2008; 264:291-3. [PMID: 18341527 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2008.01952.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Jung K. Is serum matrix metalloproteinase 9 a useful biomarker in detection of colorectal cancer? Considering pre-analytical interference that may influence diagnostic accuracy. Br J Cancer 2008; 99:553-4; author reply 555. [PMID: 18648367 PMCID: PMC2527787 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Rossignol P, Cambillau M, Bissery A, Mouradian D, Benetos A, Michel JB, Plouin PF, Chatellier G, Jacob MP. Influence of blood sampling procedure on plasma concentrations of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2008; 35:464-9. [PMID: 18307742 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2008.04897.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
1. Plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP) are potential markers of many diseases involving extracellular matrix remodelling such as hypertension. Our aim was to determine whether the anticoagulant used to collect plasma and several freeze-thaw cycles may influence the accuracy of plasma MMP and TIMP determinations. 2. Plasma samples of 18 healthy volunteers were collected on three anticoagulants: heparinate, citrate and EDTA. For each anticoagulant, we compared: (i) MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels using gelatin zymography and TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 concentrations using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; (ii) intra- and interassay coefficients of variation (CV); and (iii) MMP and TIMP levels after up to five freeze-thaw cycles. 3. The choice of anticoagulant influenced TIMP-2 and TIMP-1 concentrations (TIMP-2, P < 0.0001; paired comparisons, citrate vs EDTA, P < 0.0001; EDTA vs heparin, P < 0.0001; citrate vs heparin, P < 0.0001; TIMP-1, P < 0.001; paired comparisons, citrate vs EDTA, P = 0.10; EDTA vs heparin, P < 0.01; citrate vs heparin, P < 0.0001), but not those of MMP. We observed a bias with heparinate for TIMP-2, TIMP-1 and MMP-9 determinations. The anticoagulant did not influence intra-assay or interassay CV. Performing freeze-thaw cycles led to alterations in the TIMP-1 plasma levels (P < 0.0001), regardless of the anticoagulant used, whereas MMP and TIMP-2 concentrations were not significantly affected. 4. Anticoagulant influences the measured levels of MMP and TIMP in plasma and should be systematically reported. However, it does not influence the reproducibility of the measurements. Repeated freeze-thaw cycles alter the measurement of TIMP-1 levels and should be avoided.
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Jung K. Serum samples are inappropriate for use in measuring circulating matrix metalloproteinases: comment on the article by Young-Min et al. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2008; 58:1557-1559. [PMID: 18438823 DOI: 10.1002/art.23424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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Mannello F. Serum or plasma samples? The "Cinderella" role of blood collection procedures: preanalytical methodological issues influence the release and activity of circulating matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors, hampering diagnostic trueness and leading to misinterpretation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008; 28:611-4. [PMID: 18354094 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.107.159608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Demacq C, Metzger IF, Gerlach RF, Tanus-Santos JE. Inverse relationship between markers of nitric oxide formation and plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels in healthy volunteers. Clin Chim Acta 2008; 394:72-6. [PMID: 18455513 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2008.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Revised: 04/07/2008] [Accepted: 04/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide (NO) is a major regulator of cardiovascular homeostasis and has anti-atherogenic properties. Reduced NO formation is associated with endothelial dysfunction and with cardiovascular risk factors. Although NO downregulates the expression and activity of the pro-atherogenic enzyme matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), no previous clinical study has examined whether endogenous NO formation is inversely associated with the circulating levels of pro-MMP-9, which are associated with cardiovascular events. We examined this hypothesis in 175 healthy male subjects who were non-smokers. METHODS To assess NO bioavailability, the plasma concentrations of nitrite, nitrate, and cGMP were determined using an ozone-based chemiluminescence assay and an enzyme immunoassay. Pro-MMP-9 and pro-MMP-2 levels were measured in plasma samples by gelatin zymography. RESULTS We found significant negative correlations between pro-MMP-9 levels and plasma nitrite (P=0.035, rs= -0.159), nitrate (P=0.040, rs= -0.158), and cGMP (P=0.011, rs= -0.189) concentrations. However, no significant correlations were found between pro-MMP-2 levels and the plasma concentrations of markers of NO bioavailability (all P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS There is an inverse relationship between markers of NO formation and plasma MMP-9 levels. This finding may shed some light on the possible mechanisms involved in the increased cardiovascular risk of apparently healthy subjects with low NO bioavailability or high circulating levels of pro-MMP-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Demacq
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
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Lopez-Avila V, Spencer JV. Methods for Detection of Matrix Metalloproteinases as Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Disease. Clin Med Cardiol 2008. [DOI: 10.4137/cmc.s484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Jung K. Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 in Serum Do Not Reflect the Analytes Circulating in Blood. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008; 28:e15-6; author reply e17. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.107.158790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Jung
- Department of Urology, Research Division, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany
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Demacq C, Vasconcellos VB, Marcaccini AM, Gerlach RF, Silva WA, Tanus-Santos JE. Functional polymorphisms in the promoter of the matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) gene are not linked with significant plasma MMP-9 variations in healthy subjects. Clin Chem Lab Med 2008; 46:57-63. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2008.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Mannello F, Tonti GA, Tanus-Santos JE, Gerlach RF. Silicate increases the release of MMP-9 forms in peripheral blood: why gelatin zymography differs significantly in citrate plasma and serum obtained with or without clot activators. Clin Chem 2007; 53:1981-2. [PMID: 17954502 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2007.090548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Mannello F, Tanus-Santos JE, Meschiari CA, Tonti GA. Differences in both matrix metalloproteinase 9 concentration and zymographic profile between plasma and serum with clot activators are due to the presence of amorphous silica or silicate salts in blood collection devices. Anal Biochem 2007; 374:56-63. [PMID: 18082127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2007.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2007] [Revised: 11/13/2007] [Accepted: 11/15/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are promising diagnostic tools, and blood sampling/handling alters MMP concentrations between plasma and serum and between serum with and without clot activators. To explain the higher MMP-9 expression in serum collected with clot accelerators relative to serum with no additives and to plasma, we analyzed the effects of increasing amounts of silica and silicates (components of clot activators) in citrate plasma, serum, and buffy coats collected in both plastic and glass tubes from 50 healthy donors, and we analyzed the effects of silica and silicate on cultured leukemia cells. The levels of MMP-2 did not show significant changes between glass and plastic tubes, between serum and plasma, between serum with and without clot accelerators, or between silica and silicate treatments. No modification of MMP-9 expression was obtained by the addition of silica or silicate to previously separated plasma and serum. Increasing the amounts of nonsoluble silica and soluble silicate added to citrate and empty tubes prior to blood collection resulted in increasing levels of MMP-9 relative to citrate plasma and serum. Silica and silicate added to buffy coats and leukemia cells significantly induced MMP-9 release/secretion, demonstrating that both silica and silicate induce the release of pro- and complexed MMP-9 forms. We recommend limiting the misuse of serum and avoiding the interfering effects of clot activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinando Mannello
- Institute of Histology and Laboratory Analysis, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, University Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
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Castellazzi M, Tamborino C, Fainardi E, Manfrinato MC, Granieri E, Dallocchio F, Bellini T. Effects of anticoagulants on the activity of gelatinases. Clin Biochem 2007; 40:1272-6. [PMID: 17904541 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2007.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2007] [Revised: 07/16/2007] [Accepted: 08/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the best procedure for preanalytical blood collection in the determination of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 by testing the effects of anticoagulants on their activity. DESIGN AND METHODS Active forms of both gelatinases were measured by specific activity assay systems in serum, plasma EDTA, plasma-heparin and plasma-citrate obtained from 20 healthy volunteers, as well as in a pooled serum sample before and after anticoagulant treatment. RESULTS : Active MMP-2 and MMP-9 mean concentrations were similar in serum and in plasma-citrate, higher in plasma EDTA than in serum, in plasma-heparin and in plasma-citrate, and lower in plasma-heparin than in serum and plasma-citrate. A similar trend was observed in untreated and treated pooled serum samples. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that MMP-2 and MMP-9 in their active forms are not released by platelets during blood clotting, whereas the use of calcium chelating anticoagulants can profoundly alter the activity of endogenous gelatinases. This suggests that the determination of active forms of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in serum samples represents a suitable procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Castellazzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Communication and Behaviour, Section of Neurology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara I-44100, Italy.
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Somiari S. Concluding remarks. Int J Cancer 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Wu CY, Wu MS, Chiang EP, Chen YJ, Chen CJ, Chi NH, Shih YT, Chen GH, Lin JT. Plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9 level is better than serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 level to predict gastric cancer evolution. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:2054-60. [PMID: 17404086 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-2299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in blood is a promising new tumor marker. The aims of the present study are to compare the usefulness of plasma and serum MMP-9 levels for predicting gastric cancer development, invasion, and survival. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In this nested case-control study, 114 gastric cancer patients and 87 healthy controls were enrolled. MMP-9 levels and activities were quantitatively measured by ELISA assay and zymography. The results were compared with the occurrence, clinicopathologic features, and outcomes of gastric cancer patients. The follow-up time for all patients was at least 5 years. RESULTS Serum MMP-9 levels were significantly higher than plasma MMP-9 levels. Both plasma and serum MMP-9 levels correlated significantly with active MMP-9 identified by zymography (P = 0.002 and P = 0.048, respectively). Plasma MMP-9 level was significantly elevated in gastric cancer patients when compared with control subjects (P < 0.001). Serum MMP-9 levels did not differ between the groups. Receiver-operator characteristics analysis showed the values of sensitivity (82.5%) and specificity (65.5%) at the maximum accuracy for plasma MMP-9 at >or=60 ng/mL (P < 0.001). Elevated plasma MMP-9 correlated significantly with lymph node metastasis [odds ratio (OR), 3.43; P = 0.019], lymphatic invasion (OR, 7.58; P = 0.009), and venous invasion (OR, 4.14; P = 0.033). Patients with elevated plasma MMP-9 levels had poorer survival rates than those with normal plasma MMP-9 levels (P = 0.038). Serum MMP-9 level did not correlate well with gastric cancer-invasive phenotypes or survival. CONCLUSION Our results suggest plasma MMP-9 level is a better marker than serum MMP-9 level for predicting gastric cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ying Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Mazzoni A, Mannello F, Tay FR, Tonti GAM, Papa S, Mazzotti G, Di Lenarda R, Pashley DH, Breschi L. Zymographic analysis and characterization of MMP-2 and -9 forms in human sound dentin. J Dent Res 2007; 86:436-40. [PMID: 17452564 DOI: 10.1177/154405910708600509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The role and function of dentin matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are not well-understood, but they may play a key role in dentinal caries and the degradation of resin-bonded dentin matrices. To test the null hypothesis that MMP-9 is not found in dentin matrix, we used gelatin zymography to extract and isolate all molecular forms of gelatinolytic MMPs in demineralized mature sound dentin powder obtained from extracted human molars, characterizing and identifying the enzymes by Western blotting. Gelatinolytic MMPs were detected in extracts of demineralized dentin matrix and identified as MMP-2 and MMP-9. Acidic extracts (pH 2.3) yielded 3-8 times more MMP activity than did EDTA (pH 7.4). Their activation may contribute to dentin matrix degradation, which occurs during caries progression and following resin bonding. Inhibition of MMP-2 and -9 proteolytic activity may slow caries progression and increase the durability of resin-dentin bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mazzoni
- Department of SAU & FAL, University of Bologna, Italy
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Mannello F, Tonti GAM, Canestrari F. The `never-ending story' of the influence of blood specimen collection methods affecting the concentration, the zymographic profile and the usefulness of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in multiple sclerosis diagnosis/prognosis: a landmark for limiting the misuse of serum samples. Mult Scler 2007; 13:687-90. [PMID: 17548455 DOI: 10.1177/1352458506072492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Fainardi E, Castellazzi M, Bellini T, Dallocchio F. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP): determination of different forms by different techniques may require different preanalytical strategies. Mult Scler 2007; 13:561-2. [PMID: 17463079 DOI: 10.1177/1352458506070897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Mannello F, Tonti GA. Gelatinase concentrations and zymographic profiles in human breast cancer: Matrix metalloproteinases circulating in plasma are better markers for the subclassification and early prediction of cancer: The coagulation/fibrinolysis pathways alter the release, activation and recovery of different gelatinases in serum. Int J Cancer 2007; 121:216-8; author reply 219-23. [PMID: 17315186 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Jung K, Gerlach RF, Tanus-Santos JE. Preanalytical pitfalls of blood sampling to measure true circulating matrix metalloproteinase 9 and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases. Clin Chim Acta 2006; 373:180-1; author reply 182. [PMID: 16616058 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2006.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2006] [Revised: 02/16/2006] [Accepted: 03/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Gerlach RF, Uzuelli JA, Souza-Tarla CD, Tanus-Santos JE. Effect of anticoagulants on the determination of plasma matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 activities. Anal Biochem 2005; 344:147-9. [PMID: 15950912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2005.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2005] [Revised: 04/12/2005] [Accepted: 04/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel F Gerlach
- Department of Morphology, Estomatology and Physiology, Dental School of Ribeirao Preto and Paulo, 14049 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
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Zucker S, Cao J. Measurement of matrix metalloproteinases in serum of patients with melanoma: snarled in technical pitfalls. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11:5069-70. [PMID: 16033818 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-0774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Zucker
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York 11768, USA.
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Peake NJ, Foster HE, Khawaja K, Cawston TE, Rowan AD. Assessment of the clinical significance of gelatinase activity in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis using quantitative protein substrate zymography. Ann Rheum Dis 2005; 65:501-7. [PMID: 16150790 PMCID: PMC1798108 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2005.039032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure gelatinase activities in paired synovial fluid (SF) and serum of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and to assess how these activities relate to clinical and laboratory measures of disease activity. METHODS A quantitative protein substrate zymography method was adapted and validated for use with serum and SF. Bands of activity were measured by densitometry and correlated with standard laboratory indicators of inflammation: erythrocyte sedimentation rate and platelet count. RESULTS Gelatinase activity was found consistently in patients with JIA, with reproducible, quantified bands of activity corresponding to pro-matrix metalloproteinase-9 (pro-MMP-9), including the neutrophil associated lipocalin complex, and pro- and active forms of MMP-2. Both active MMP-2 and pro-MMP-9 were higher in JIA serum than in controls, though no differences were seen between patients grouped according to age, disease duration, or JIA subtype. However, SF MMP-9 correlated significantly with the laboratory indicators of inflammation, as did the relative level of active MMP-2. CONCLUSIONS Both MMP-2 and MMP-9 gelatinolytic activities are raised during active JIA and associated with inflammatory activity regardless of age and disease duration, supporting a role for MMPs in the breakdown of joint components from early in disease. These MMPs may be specific markers of active joint destruction linked to inflammatory JIA, MMP-9 as a product of infiltrating cells, and the activation of MMP-2 produced within the joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Peake
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, School of Clinical Medical Sciences, Medical School Cookson Building, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
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Souza-Tarla CD, Uzuelli JA, Machado AA, Gerlach RF, Tanus-Santos JE. Methodological issues affecting the determination of plasma matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 activities. Clin Biochem 2005; 38:410-4. [PMID: 15820769 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2005.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2004] [Revised: 01/13/2005] [Accepted: 02/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine whether a linear relationship exists between the volume of plasma loaded in each gel lane and the gelatinolytic activities of plasma matrix metalloproteinase (pMMP)-2 and pMMP-9, and the influences of plasma storage temperature, fasting, and a variable number of repeated freeze-thaw cycles. DESIGN AND METHODS Plasma from venous blood collected into EDTA tubes was stored for 1 month at -20 degrees C or at -70 degrees C until assayed for gelatin zymography of pMMP-2 and pMMP-9. The effects of food intake, repeated freeze-thaw cycles, and the gelatinolytic activity produced by serial dilutions of plasma were examined. RESULTS Storage temperature, fasting, and up to five repeated freeze-thaw cycles had no effect on the activities of pMMPs (all P < 0.05). A linear relationship was found with plasma volumes below 0.75 microL/lane for MMP-2, and from 0.75 microL/lane to 2 microL/lane for MMP-9. CONCLUSIONS Different volumes of plasma should be studied when pMMP-2 and pMMP-9 activities are studied. Storage temperature, repeated freeze-thaw cycles, and food intake do not affect the activities of pMMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline D Souza-Tarla
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
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John M, Jung K. Consideration of Important Preanalytical Conditions for the Assessment of Circulating Matrix Metalloproteinase-9. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 172:254; author reply 254. [PMID: 16002574 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.172.2.950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Jung K. Serum or plasma: what kind of blood sample should be used to measure circulating matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors? J Neuroimmunol 2005; 162:1-2. [PMID: 15833353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2004.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2004] [Accepted: 12/22/2004] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Jung K. Consideration of preanalytical conditions to use circulating matrix metalloproteinases as diagnostic markers. Transplantation 2005; 79:744. [PMID: 15785392 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000147342.04121.d5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Verspaget HW, Kuyvenhoven JP, van Hoek B. Preanalytical conditions and circulating matrix metalloproteinases. Transplantation 2005; 79:745-6. [PMID: 15785393 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000147343.33801.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Meisser A, Cohen M, Bischof P. Concentrations of circulating gelatinases (matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9) are dependent on the conditions of blood collection. Clin Chem 2005; 51:274-6. [PMID: 15613733 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2004.041707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Jung K. Careful attention to blood sampling as a preanalytical determinant of circulating matrix metalloproteinase 9 to avoid misinterpretations: Comment on the article by Ainiala et al. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 52:673-4; author reply 674. [PMID: 15692966 DOI: 10.1002/art.20866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Jung K, Meisser A, Bischof P. Blood sampling as critical preanalytical determinant to use circulating MMP and TIMP as surrogate markers for pathological processes. Int J Cancer 2005; 116:1000-1; author reply 1002-3. [PMID: 15856460 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.21129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Mannello F, Luchetti F, Canonico B, Falcieri E, Papa S. Measurements, zymographic analysis, and characterization of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 in healthy human umbilical cord blood. Clin Chem 2004; 50:1715-7. [PMID: 15331523 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2004.036061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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