1
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Li H, Chen X, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Xu H. Microstructural Analysis of Cancellous Bone in Fluorosis Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:4827-4833. [PMID: 36640257 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03564-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal fluorosis likely alters bone structural properties on the cortical and cancellous tissue levels in view that fluorine ion replaces bone mineral composition. Our previous study showed high bone turnover occurred in cortical bone of skeletal fluorosis. Therefore, this study further analyzed the microstructure of cancellous bone in fluorosis rats. Rats were randomly assigned into three groups: the control, low-dose fluoride group (10 mgF-/kg·day), and high-dose fluoride group (20 mgF-/kg·day). Rats were orally administered with fluoride for 1, 2, and 3 months of periods. The trabecular bone parameters of tibia were detected with micro CT and analyzed with software. The activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum were measured. Results showed that severity of dental fluorosis rose with the increase of dose and prolongation of fluoride exposure. Meantime, the poorer connectivity and less trabecular bone network were observed in cancellous bone of rats treated with fluoride. Data analysis indicated that fluoride treatment significantly decreased bone volume and connectivity degree, but amplified trabecular space in 1 and 2 months of periods. Intriguingly, trabecular thickness significantly decreased in 1-month high-dose fluoride group, but returned to the control in 3 months of period. Fluoride treatment mainly inhibited the GPX activity and increased the MDA level to activate oxidative stress. This study confirmed that excessive fluoride impaired cancellous bone and caused redox imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Li
- The affiliated hospital of Changchun university of Chinese medicine, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxue Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingmin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Das S, Dey A, Maji S, Sahoo A, Barman A, Santra S, Mondal S, Mondal KC, Chattopadhyay S. Attenuation of fluoride-induced hepatorenal oxidative stress by ferulic acid in vivo: An approach with in-silico analysis and interaction informatics of ferulic acid. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 77:127133. [PMID: 36638706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic fluoride toxicity induces oxidative strain and lipid peroxidation and imparts deleterious effects on human metabolic organs. AIM The present study aimed to expose the defensive impact of ferulic acid against sodium fluoride (NaF) induced hepatorenal dysfunction at the biochemical and antioxidative systems. METHODS In-vivo. Rats were arbitrarily separated into five groups as control, sodium fluoride-treated (200 ppm kg -1), vitamin C -as a positive control, and FA co-administered groups with 10 mg kg -1 and 20 mg kg -1 body weight for 56 days. In the present investigation, we measured antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and lactate dehydrogenase by electrozymographic and spectrophotometric methods. Biochemical assessment of TBARS, conjugated diene, and different serum biomarkers was done for liver and kidney functionality tests. In-silico. An in-silico study was conducted through a molecular docking experiment to evaluate the binding potentiality of FA by employing AutoDock Vina [version 1.5.6] to overcome the abnormality in the activities of catalase, and superoxide dismutase in NaF promoted toxicity of hepatorenal system. In-vitro. An in vitro biochemical experiment was conducted to support the in-silico study. RESULTS Superoxide dismutase and catalase were decreased in the intoxicated rat. Ferulic acid (FA) as an antioxidant remarkably defended the NaF-mediated deterioration of the antioxidative status in the hepatorenal system, lowering lipid peroxidation products, malondialdehyde, and conjugated diene. Serum biomarkers, ALT, AST, ALP, urea, and creatinine increased in the intoxicated group than in control. Ferulic acid significantly neutralized the ill effects of NaF on serum lipid profile. In-silico analysis hypothesized the strong interaction of FA with the active side of catalase and superoxide dismutase that prevented the binding of NaF at the active site of these mentioned enzymes and this was further validated by in-vitro assay. CONCLUSION However, FA modulates free radical generation and protected these metabolic organs against sodium fluoride-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seba Das
- Centre for Life Sciences, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Arindam Dey
- Dept. of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management and Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Division (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Shilpa Maji
- Dept. of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management and Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Division (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Asim Sahoo
- Centre for Life Sciences, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Ananya Barman
- Dept. of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management and Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Division (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Sourav Santra
- Dept. of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhadeep Mondal
- Centre for Life Sciences, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Sandip Chattopadhyay
- Centre for Life Sciences, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India; Dept. of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management and Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Division (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India.
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3
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Parada-Cruz B, Aztatzi-Aguilar OG, Ramírez-Martínez G, Jacobo-Estrada TL, Cárdenas-González M, Escamilla-Rivera V, Martínez-Olivas MA, Narváez-Morales J, Ávila-Rojas SH, Álvarez-Salas LM, Barbier O. Inflammation- and cancer-related microRNAs in rat renal cortex after subchronic exposure to fluoride. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 379:110519. [PMID: 37121298 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The proximal tubule is a target of subchronic exposure to fluoride (F) in the kidney. Early markers are used to classify kidney damage, stage, and prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small sequences of non-coding single-stranded RNA that regulate gene expression and play an essential role in developing many pathologies, including renal diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of Cytokine-Chemokine molecules (IL-1α/1β/4/6/10, INF-γ, MIP-1α, MCP-1, RANTES, and TGF β1/2/3) and inflammation-related miRNAs to evidence the possible renal mechanisms involved in subchronic exposure to F. Total protein and miRNAs were obtained from the renal cortex of male Wistar rats exposed to 0, 15 and 50 mg NaF/L through drinking water during 40 and 80 days. In addition, cytokines-chemokines were analyzed by multiplexing assay, and a panel of 77 sequences of inflammatory-related miRNAs was analyzed by qPCR. The results show that cytokines-chemokines expression was concentration- and time-dependent with F, where the 50 mg NaF/L were the main altered groups. The miRNAs expression resulted in statistically significant differences in thirty-four miRNAs in the 50 mg NaF/L groups at 40 and 80 days. Furthermore, a molecular interaction network analysis was performed. The relevant pathways modified by subchronic exposure to fluoride were related to extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, Mucin type O-glycan biosynthesis, Gap junction, and miRNAs involved with renal cell carcinoma. Thus, F-induced cytokines-chemokines suggest subchronic inflammation; detecting miRNAs related to cancer and proliferation indicates a transition from renal epithelium to pathologic tissue after fluoride exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamín Parada-Cruz
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, CP 07360, Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Octavio Gamaliel Aztatzi-Aguilar
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, CP 07360, Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Gustavo Ramírez-Martínez
- Departamento de Toxicología y Medicina Ambiental, Laboratorio de inmunología y genética. Inst. Nac. de Enf. Resp, Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calz. de Tlalpan 4502, Belisario Domínguez Secc 16, Tlalpan, 14080, Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Tania Libertad Jacobo-Estrada
- Departamento de Biociencias e Ingeniería, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 30 de Junio de 1520 s/n, Col. Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, CP 07340, Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Mariana Cárdenas-González
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Sciences, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Vicente Escamilla-Rivera
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, CP 07360, Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
| | - Martha Adriana Martínez-Olivas
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, CP 07360, Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Juana Narváez-Morales
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, CP 07360, Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Sabino Hazael Ávila-Rojas
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, CP 07360, Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Luis Marat Álvarez-Salas
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, CP 07360, Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Olivier Barbier
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, CP 07360, Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico.
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4
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Sharma P, Verma PK, Sood S, Singh M, Verma D. Impact of Chronic Sodium Fluoride Toxicity on Antioxidant Capacity, Biochemical Parameters, and Histomorphology in Cardiac, Hepatic, and Renal Tissues of Wistar Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:229-241. [PMID: 35023047 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03113-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The study was designed to determine the fluoride distribution after its oral exposure in drinking water and its associated impact on biochemical, antioxidant markers and histology in the liver, kidney, and heart of male Wistar rats. On 100 ppm exposure, the highest accretion of fluoride occurred in the liver followed by the kidney and heart. Fluoride exposure significantly (p˂0.05) increased the plasma levels of dehydrogenase, aminotransferases, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), and other plasma renal biomarkers but decreased the levels of total plasma proteins and albumin in a dose-dependent manner. Reduction (p˂0.05) in the activities of antioxidant enzymes viz. acetylcholinesterase, arylesterase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and reductase with increased levels of protein and lipid peroxidation was recorded in the liver, kidney, and heart of fluoride-administered rats. Fluoride exposure (100 ppm) induced lipid peroxidation was highest in kidney (4.4 times) followed by liver (2.6 times) and heart (2.5 times) and as compared to their respective control. The percent rise in protein oxidation at 30% was almost equal in the kidney and liver but was 21.5% in the heart as compared to control. The histopathological alterations observed included congestion and hemorrhage along with degeneration and necrosis of parenchymal cells in hepato-renal tissues and myocardium, severity of which varied in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, fluoride distribution in the liver, heart, and kidney after chronic fluoride intake correlated well with fluoride-induced hepatic and cardio-renal toxicity in a concentration-dependent manner. These results draw attention that chronic fluoride intake pose a significant health risk for human and animal residents of fluoride endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sharma
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, R S Pura, 181102, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Verma
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, R S Pura, 181102, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Shilpa Sood
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, R S Pura, 181102, India
| | - Maninder Singh
- Division of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, R S Pura, 181102, India
| | - Deepika Verma
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, R S Pura, 181102, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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5
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Zhang Y, Wu J, Jiang L, Lu C, Huang Z, Liu B. Prospects for the Role of Ferroptosis in Fluorosis. Front Physiol 2021; 12:773055. [PMID: 34950051 PMCID: PMC8688990 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.773055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
As a strong oxidant, fluorine can induce oxidative stress resulting in cellular damage. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent type of cell death caused by unrestricted lipid peroxidation (LPO) and subsequent plasma membrane rupture. This article indicated a relationship between fluorosis and ferroptosis. Evidence of the depletion of glutathione (GSH) and increased oxidized GSH can be found in a variety of organisms in high fluorine environments. Studies have shown that high fluoride levels can reduce the antioxidant capacity of antioxidant enzymes, while increasing the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), resulting in oxidative stress and fluoride-induced oxidative stress, which are related to iron metabolism disorders. Excessive fluorine causes insufficient GSH, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) inhibition, and oxidative stress, resulting in ferroptosis, which may play an important role in the occurrence and development of fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialong Wu
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lai Jiang
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenkang Lu
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengwei Huang
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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6
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Sivanesan S, Raju S, Gudemalla K. Ginkgo biloba ameliorates fluoride toxicity in rats by altering histopathology, serum enzymes of heme metabolism and oxidative stress without affecting brain mGluR5 gene. Pharmacogn Mag 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_534_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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7
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Waugh DT. Fluoride Exposure Induces Inhibition of Sodium-and Potassium-Activated Adenosine Triphosphatase (Na +, K +-ATPase) Enzyme Activity: Molecular Mechanisms and Implications for Public Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E1427. [PMID: 31010095 PMCID: PMC6518254 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16081427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, several lines of evidence are provided to show that Na + , K + -ATPase activity exerts vital roles in normal brain development and function and that loss of enzyme activity is implicated in neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, as well as increased risk of cancer, metabolic, pulmonary and cardiovascular disease. Evidence is presented to show that fluoride (F) inhibits Na + , K + -ATPase activity by altering biological pathways through modifying the expression of genes and the activity of glycolytic enzymes, metalloenzymes, hormones, proteins, neuropeptides and cytokines, as well as biological interface interactions that rely on the bioavailability of chemical elements magnesium and manganese to modulate ATP and Na + , K + -ATPase enzyme activity. Taken together, the findings of this study provide unprecedented insights into the molecular mechanisms and biological pathways by which F inhibits Na + , K + -ATPase activity and contributes to the etiology and pathophysiology of diseases associated with impairment of this essential enzyme. Moreover, the findings of this study further suggest that there are windows of susceptibility over the life course where chronic F exposure in pregnancy and early infancy may impair Na + , K + -ATPase activity with both short- and long-term implications for disease and inequalities in health. These findings would warrant considerable attention and potential intervention, not to mention additional research on the potential effects of F intake in contributing to chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Declan Timothy Waugh
- EnviroManagement Services, 11 Riverview, Doherty's Rd, P72 YF10 Bandon, Co. Cork, Ireland.
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8
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Dharmaratne RW. Exploring the role of excess fluoride in chronic kidney disease: A review. Hum Exp Toxicol 2018; 38:269-279. [PMID: 30472891 DOI: 10.1177/0960327118814161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This review covers nearly 100 years of studies on the toxicity of fluoride on human and animal kidneys. These studies reveal that there are direct adverse effects on the kidneys by excess fluoride, leading to kidney damage and dysfunction. With the exception of the pineal gland, the kidney is exposed to higher concentrations of fluoride than all other soft tissues. Therefore, exposure to higher concentrations of fluoride could contribute to kidney damage, ultimately leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Among major adverse effects on the kidneys from excessive consumption of fluoride are immediate effects on the tubular area of the kidneys, inhibiting the tubular reabsorption; changes in urinary ion excretion by the kidneys disruption of collagen biosynthesis in the body, causing damages to the kidneys and other organs; and inhibition of kidney enzymes, affecting the functioning of enzyme pathways. This review proposes that there is a direct correlation between CKD and the consumption of excess amounts of fluoride. Studies particularly show immediate adverse effects on the tubular area of human and animal kidneys leading to CKD due to the consumption of excess fluoride. Therefore, it is very important to conduct more investigations on toxicity studies of excess fluoride on the human kidney, including experiments using human kidney enzymes, to study more in depth the impact of excess fluoride on the human kidney. Further, the interference of excess fluoride on collagen synthesis in human body and its effect on human kidney should also be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Dharmaratne
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
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9
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Adedara IA, Ojuade TJD, Olabiyi BF, Idris UF, Onibiyo EM, Ajeigbe OF, Farombi EO. Taurine Ameliorates Renal Oxidative Damage and Thyroid Dysfunction in Rats Chronically Exposed to Fluoride. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 175:388-395. [PMID: 27334436 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0784-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Excessive exposure to fluoride poses several detrimental effects to human health particularly the kidney which is a major organ involved in its elimination from the body. The influence of taurine on fluoride-induced renal toxicity was investigated in a co-exposure paradigm for 45 days using five groups of eight rats each. Group I rats received normal drinking water alone, group II rats were exposed to sodium fluoride (NaF) in drinking water at 15 mg/L alone, group III received taurine alone at a dose of 200 mg/kg group IV rats were co-administered with NaF and taurine (100 mg/kg), while group V rats were co-administered with NaF and taurine (200 mg/kg). Administration of taurine significantly reversed the fluoride-mediated decrease in absolute weight and organo-somatic index of the kidney in the exposed rats. Taurine significantly prevented fluoride-induced elevation in plasma urea and creatinine levels in the exposed rats. Moreover, taurine restored fluoride-mediated decrease in the circulatory concentrations of triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and the ratio of triiodothyronine to thyroxine. Taurine ameliorated fluoride-mediated decrease in renal antioxidant status by significantly enhancing the antioxidant enzyme activities as well as glutathione level in the exposed rats. Additionally, taurine inhibited fluoride-induced renal oxidative damage by markedly decreasing the hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels as well as improved the kidney architecture in the treated rats. Collectively, taurine protected against fluoride-induced renal toxicity via enhancement of thyroid gland function, renal antioxidant status, and histology in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac A Adedara
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Temini Jesu D Ojuade
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Bolanle F Olabiyi
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Umar F Idris
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Esther M Onibiyo
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olufunke F Ajeigbe
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ebenezer O Farombi
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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10
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Cao J, Chen J, Xie L, Wang J, Feng C, Song J. Protective properties of sesamin against fluoride-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in kidney of carp (Cyprinus carpio) via JNK signaling pathway. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 167:180-190. [PMID: 26340122 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sesamin, a major lignan derived from sesame seeds, has been reported to have many benefits and medicinal properties. However, its protective effects against fluoride-induced injury in kidney of fish have not been clarified. Previously we found that fluoride exposure caused damage and apoptosis in the kidneys of the common carp, Cyprinus carpio. In this study, the effects of sesamin on renal oxidative stress and apoptosis in fluoride-exposed fish were determined. The results showed that sesamin alleviated significantly fluoride-induced renal damage and apoptosis of carp in a dose-dependent manner, indicated by the histopathological examination and ultrastructural observation. Moreover, treatment with sesamin also inhibited significantly fluoride-induced remarkable enhancement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative stress, such as the increase of lipid peroxidation level and the depletion of intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) level in kidney. To explore the underlying mechanisms of sesamin action, we found that activities of caspase-3 were notably inhibited by treatment with sesamin in the kidney of fluoride-exposed fish. Sesamin decreased the levels of p-JNK protein in kidney, which in turn inactivated pro-apoptotic signaling events by restoring the balance between mitochondrial pro- and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bax proteins and by decreasing the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c in kidney of fluoride-exposed fish. JNK was also involved in the mitochondrial extrinsic apoptotic pathways of sesamin effects against fluoride-induced renal injury by regulating the levels of p-c-Jun, necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Bak proteins. These findings indicated that sesamin could protect kidney against fluoride-induced apoptosis by the oxidative stress downstream-mediated change in the inactivation of JNK signaling pathway. Taken together, sesamin plays an important role in maintaining renal health and preventing kidney from toxic damage induced by fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China.
| | - Jianjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Lingtian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Jundong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Cuiping Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Jing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
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Cárdenas-González M, Jacobo Estrada T, Rodríguez-Muñoz R, Barrera-Chimal J, Bobadilla NA, Barbier OC, Del Razo LM. Sub-chronic exposure to fluoride impacts the response to a subsequent nephrotoxic treatment with gentamicin. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 36:309-19. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Cárdenas-González
- Departamento de Toxicología; Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN); México D. F. Mexico
| | - Tania Jacobo Estrada
- Departamento de Toxicología; Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN); México D. F. Mexico
| | - Rafael Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias; Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN); México D. F. Mexico
| | - Jonatan Barrera-Chimal
- Unidad de Fisiología Molecular. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán; México D. F. Mexico
| | - Norma A. Bobadilla
- Unidad de Fisiología Molecular. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán; México D. F. Mexico
| | - Olivier C. Barbier
- Departamento de Toxicología; Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN); México D. F. Mexico
| | - Luz M. Del Razo
- Departamento de Toxicología; Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN); México D. F. Mexico
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12
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Qin SL, Deng J, Lou DD, Yu WF, Pei J, Guan ZZ. The decreased expression of mitofusin-1 and increased fission-1 together with alterations in mitochondrial morphology in the kidney of rats with chronic fluorosis may involve elevated oxidative stress. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 29:263-8. [PMID: 24958380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to characterize changes in the expression of mitofusin-1 (Mfn1) and fission-1 (Fis1), as well as in mitochondrial morphology in the kidney of rats subjected to chronic fluorosis and to elucidate whether any mitochondrial injury observed is associated with increased oxidative stress. Sixty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided randomly into 3 groups of 20 each, i.e., the untreated control group (natural drinking water containing <0.5mg fluoride/L), the low-fluoride group (drinking water supplemented with 10mg fluoride/L, prepared with NaF) and the high-fluoride group (50mg fluoride/L), and treated for 6 months. Thereafter, renal expression of Mfn1 and Fis1 at both the protein and mRNA levels was determined by immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR, respectively. In addition, the malondiadehyde (MDA) was quantitated by the thiobarbituric acid procedure and the total antioxidative capability (T-AOC) by a colorimetric method. The morphology of renal mitochondria was observed under the transmission electron microscope. In the renal tissues of rats with chronic fluorosis, expression of both Mfn1 protein and mRNA was clearly reduced, whereas that of Fis1 was elevated. The level of MDA was increased and the T-AOC lowered. Swollen or fragmented mitochondria in renal cells were observed under the electronic microscope. These findings indicate that chronic fluorosis can lead to the abnormal mitochondrial dynamics and changed morphology in the rat kidney, which in mechanism might be induced by a high level of oxidative stress in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Li Qin
- Department of Pathology in the Affiliated Hospital, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang 550004, PR China
| | - Jie Deng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang 550004, PR China
| | - Di-Dong Lou
- Department of Pathology in the Affiliated Hospital, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang 550004, PR China
| | - Wen-Feng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang 550004, PR China
| | - Jinjing Pei
- KI-Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Novum, Karolinska Institute, SE 14186 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Zhi-Zhong Guan
- Department of Pathology in the Affiliated Hospital, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang 550004, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang 550004, PR China.
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13
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Li M, Cui J, Gao Y, Zhang W, Sun L, Liu X, Liu Y, Sun D. Pathological changes and effect on the learning and memory ability in rats exposed to fluoride and aluminum. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00050e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to establish a single and combined intoxication model of fluoride and aluminum so as to observe the impact of these chemicals on the learning and memory ability and the pathologic changes in the brains of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mang Li
- Center for Endemic Disease Control
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- Harbin Medical University
- Harbin 150081
- China
| | - Jing Cui
- Center for Endemic Disease Control
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- Harbin Medical University
- Harbin 150081
- China
| | - Yanhui Gao
- Center for Endemic Disease Control
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- Harbin Medical University
- Harbin 150081
- China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- Harbin Medical University
- Harbin 150081
- China
| | - Liyan Sun
- Center for Endemic Disease Control
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- Harbin Medical University
- Harbin 150081
- China
| | - Xiaona Liu
- Center for Endemic Disease Control
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- Harbin Medical University
- Harbin 150081
- China
| | - Yang Liu
- Center for Endemic Disease Control
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- Harbin Medical University
- Harbin 150081
- China
| | - Dianjun Sun
- Center for Endemic Disease Control
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- Harbin Medical University
- Harbin 150081
- China
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14
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Kobayashi CAN, Leite AL, Peres-Buzalaf C, Carvalho JG, Whitford GM, Everett ET, Siqueira WL, Buzalaf MAR. Bone response to fluoride exposure is influenced by genetics. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114343. [PMID: 25501567 PMCID: PMC4263599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic factors influence the effects of fluoride (F) on amelogenesis and bone homeostasis but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain undefined. A label-free proteomics approach was employed to identify and evaluate changes in bone protein expression in two mouse strains having different susceptibilities to develop dental fluorosis and to alter bone quality. In vivo bone formation and histomorphometry after F intake were also evaluated and related to the proteome. Resistant 129P3/J and susceptible A/J mice were assigned to three groups given low-F food and water containing 0, 10 or 50 ppmF for 8 weeks. Plasma was evaluated for alkaline phosphatase activity. Femurs, tibiae and lumbar vertebrae were evaluated using micro-CT analysis and mineral apposition rate (MAR) was measured in cortical bone. For quantitative proteomic analysis, bone proteins were extracted and analyzed using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS), followed by label-free semi-quantitative differential expression analysis. Alterations in several bone proteins were found among the F treatment groups within each mouse strain and between the strains for each F treatment group (ratio ≥1.5 or ≤0.5; p<0.05). Although F treatment had no significant effects on BMD or bone histomorphometry in either strain, MAR was higher in the 50 ppmF 129P3/J mice than in the 50 ppmF A/J mice treated with 50 ppmF showing that F increased bone formation in a strain-specific manner. Also, F exposure was associated with dose-specific and strain-specific alterations in expression of proteins involved in osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. In conclusion, our findings confirm a genetic influence in bone response to F exposure and point to several proteins that may act as targets for the differential F responses in this tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia A. N. Kobayashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline L. Leite
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Juliane G. Carvalho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Gary M. Whitford
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Eric T. Everett
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Walter L. Siqueira
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Marília A. R. Buzalaf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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15
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16
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Abdel-Gawad FAR, Ashmawy MH, Zaki SM, Abdel-Fatah GH. Lung damage after long-term exposure of adult rats to sodium fluoride. Arch Med Sci 2014; 10:1035-40. [PMID: 25395957 PMCID: PMC4223146 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2014.46221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 07/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fluorides, when taken in amounts exceeding the standard therapeutic dosage, are regarded as toxic substances. Chronic fluorosis causes marked destruction of lung tissues. The study aimed to determine whether the effect of a chronic toxic dose of sodium fluoride on the lung of an adult male albino rat is reversible or irreversible. This was done through light and electron microscopic studies. Morphometric study was also done. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty adult male rats were used. The animals were divided into 3 groups: control group; group I (chronic fluorosis group) in which sodium fluoride was given daily for 3 months; and group II (recovery group) in which sodium fluoride was given daily for 3 months and after that the rats survived for another month. RESULTS The lung of group I was characterized by presence of blood and lymph congestion. Thickening of alveolar septa was also observed with rupture of septa and widening of the air spaces. The area % of collagen (1.13 ±0.5), septal wall thickness (13.47 ±6.1), and number of macrophages (5 ±2.5) increased in comparison to the control group (p ≤ 0.05). With discontinuation of sodium fluoride (group II), no much improvement was observed. CONCLUSIONS Chronic fluorosis has many pathological effects on the lung which are irreversible.
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Epigallocatechin gallate supplementation protects against renal injury induced by fluoride intoxication in rats: Role of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. Toxicol Rep 2014; 1:12-30. [PMID: 28962222 PMCID: PMC5598207 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluoride intoxication generates free radicals, causing oxidative stress that plays a critical role in the progression of nephropathy. In the present study, we hypothesized that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), found in green tea, protects the kidneys of rats treated with fluoride by preventing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Pretreatment of fluoride-treated rats with EGCG resulted in a significant normalization of creatinine clearance and levels of urea, uric acid, and creatinine. Fluoride intoxication significantly increased renal oxidative stress markers and decreased the levels of renal enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. In addition, renal NO, TNF-α, IL-6 and NF-κB were also increased in the renal tissue of fluoride-treated rats. Further, EGCG pretreatment produced a significant improvement in renal antioxidant status and reduced lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation and the levels of inflammatory markers in fluoride-treated kidney. Similarly, mRNA and protein analyses showed that EGCG pretreatment normalized the renal expression of Nrf2/Keap1 and its downstream regulatory proteins in fluoride-treated rat kidney. EGCG also effectively attenuated fluoride-induced renal apoptosis by the up-regulation of anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 and down-regulation of Bax, caspase-3, caspase-9 and cytochrome c. Histology and immunohistochemical observations of Kim-1 provided further evidence that EGCG effectively protects the kidney from fluoride-mediated oxidative damage. These results suggest that EGCG ameliorates fluoride-induced oxidative renal injury by activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Key Words
- ATPase, adenosine triphosphatase
- Bax, B-cell associated X protein
- Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2
- CAT, catalase
- EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- EGCG, epigallocatechin gallate
- Fluoride
- G6PD, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase
- GCSH, γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase heavy subunit
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- GR, glutathione reductase
- GST, glutathione S-transferease
- GSTM, glutathione S-transferase Mu
- HO-1, heme oxygenase-1
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- Keap-1, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1
- Kidney
- Kim-1, kidney injury molecule-1
- LOOH, lipid hydroperoxide
- NF-kB, Nuclear factor kappa B
- NaF, sodium fluoride
- Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor-2
- Oxidative stress
- PC, protein carbonyl
- ROS/RNS, reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species
- Rat
- Reactive oxygen species
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α
- TSH, total sulfhydryl groups
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18
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Perumal E, Paul V, Govindarajan V, Panneerselvam L. A brief review on experimental fluorosis. Toxicol Lett 2013; 223:236-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Proximal renal tubular injury in rats sub-chronically exposed to low fluoride concentrations. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 272:888-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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20
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Basha PM, Sujitha NS. Combined influence of intermittent exercise and temperature stress on the modulation of fluoride toxicity. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 148:69-75. [PMID: 22311083 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Regardless of the circumstantial evidences on the involvement of fluoride on the etiology and pathogenesis of fluorosis, several lines of evidences strongly indicate the influence of modulator factors such as duration of fluoride exposure, age, temperature, and physical activity. This study has been designed to investigate the combined influence of intermittent exercise and temperature stress on the modulation of fluoride toxicity. Three-month-old Wistar male rats were exposed to high sodium fluoride (600 ppm) through drinking water for 1 month and the rats were then subjected to swimming exercise at different temperatures (20°C, 25°C, 30°C, and 35°C). Oxidative stress indices analyzed showed fluoride-induced oxidative stress in biological tissues studied like brain, heart, liver, and kidney. Exercise regimen coupled with different temperatures were found to be effective in bringing the oxidative stress indices to near normal level indicating decreased free radical production which may be a compensatory mechanism to counteract against the detrimental effects of fluoride. Further, the deleterious effects of fluoride significantly reduced at 25°C and 30°C demonstrating that the thermoneutral temperatures were effective in reducing the toxicity level.
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21
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Agalakova NI, Gusev GP. Molecular Mechanisms of Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Induced by Inorganic Fluoride. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5402/2012/403835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Fluoride (F) is ubiquitous natural substance and widespread industrial pollutant. Although low fluoride concentrations are beneficial for normal tooth and bone development, acute or chronic exposure to high fluoride doses results in adverse health effects. The molecular mechanisms underlying fluoride toxicity are different by nature. Fluoride is able to stimulate G-proteins with subsequent activation of downstream signal transduction pathways such as PKA-, PKC-, PI3-kinase-, Ca2+-, and MAPK-dependent systems. G-protein-independent routes include tyrosine phosphorylation and protein phosphatase inhibition. Along with other toxic effects, fluoride was shown to induce oxidative stress leading to excessive generation of ROS, lipid peroxidation, decrease in the GSH/GSSH ratio, and alterations in activities of antioxidant enzymes, as well as to inhibit glycolysis thus causing the depletion of cellular ATP and disturbances in cellular metabolism. Fluoride triggers the disruption of mitochondria outer membrane and release of cytochrome c into cytosol, what activates caspases-9 and -3 (intrinsic) apoptotic pathway. Extrinsic (death receptor) Fas/FasL-caspase-8 and -3 pathway was also described to be implicated in fluoride-induced apoptosis. Fluoride decreases the ratio of antiapoptotic/proapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins and upregulates the expression of p53 protein. Finally, fluoride changes the expression profile of apoptosis-related genes and causes endoplasmic reticulum stress leading to inhibition of protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ivanovna Agalakova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 M. Thorez Avenue, Sankt-Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Gennadii Petrovich Gusev
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 M. Thorez Avenue, Sankt-Petersburg 194223, Russia
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Excessıve fluorıde ıntake alters the MMP-2, TIMP-1 and TGF-β levels of perıodontal soft tıssues: an experımental study ın rabbıts. Clin Oral Investig 2011; 16:1563-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-011-0652-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Basha PM, Rai P, Begum S. Fluoride toxicity and status of serum thyroid hormones, brain histopathology, and learning memory in rats: a multigenerational assessment. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 144:1083-94. [PMID: 21755305 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9137-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
High-fluoride (100 and 200 ppm) water was administered to rats orally to study the fluoride-induced changes on the thyroid hormone status, the histopathology of discrete brain regions, the acetylcholine esterase activity, and the learning and memory abilities in multigeneration rats. Significant decrease in the serum-free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels and decrease in acetylcholine esterase activity in fluoride-treated group were observed. Presence of eosinophilic Purkinje cells, degenerating neurons, decreased granular cells, and vacuolations were noted in discrete brain regions of the fluoride-treated group. In the T-maze experiments, the fluoride-treated group showed poor acquisition and retention and higher latency when compared with the control. The alterations were more profound in the third generation when compared with the first- and second-generation fluoride-treated group. Changes in the thyroid hormone levels in the present study might have imbalanced the oxidant/antioxidant system, which further led to a reduction in learning memory ability. Hence, presence of generational or cumulative effects of fluoride on the development of the offspring when it is ingested continuously through multiple generations is evident from the present study.
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Basha PM, Rai P, Begum S. Evaluation of fluoride-induced oxidative stress in rat brain: a multigeneration study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 142:623-37. [PMID: 20658207 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-010-8780-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Multigenerational evaluation was made in rats on exposure to high fluoride (100 and 200 ppm) to assess neurotoxic potential of fluoride in discrete areas of the brain in terms of lipid peroxidation and the activity of antioxidant enzyme system. The rats were given fluoride through drinking water (100 and 200 ppm) and maintained subsequently for three generations. Fluoride treatment significantly increased the lipid peroxidation and decreased the activity of antioxidant enzymes viz, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione level in first-generation rats and these alterations were more pronounced in the subsequent second and third-generation rats in both the doses tested. Decreased feed and water consumption, litter size and organ (brain) somatic index, marginal drop in body growth rate and mortality were observed in all three generations. Decreased antioxidant enzyme activity and increased malondialdehyde levels found in the present study might be related to oxidative damage that occurs variably in discrete regions of the brain. Results of this study can be taken as an index of neurotoxicity in rats exposed to water fluoridation over several generations.
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Rao SM, Sherlin HJ, Anuja N, Pratibha R, Priya P, Chandrasekar T. Morphometry of buccal mucosal cells in fluorosis--a new paradigm. Hum Exp Toxicol 2011; 30:1761-8. [PMID: 21406483 DOI: 10.1177/0960327111400109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
STUDY BACKGROUND Fluorosis is one of the manifestations of chronic poisoning from long-term exposure to high levels of fluoride. An estimated 62 million people in 17 states in India are affected with dental and skeletal fluorosis. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cytological morphology of exfoliated oral mucosal cells among various stages of fluorosis patients compared with controls. DESIGN AND METHODS Exfoliative cytology PAP-stained smears of 21 cases of fluorosis and 21 controls subjected to morphometric analysis using image Proplus software. For the assessment parameters like maximum and minimum diameter of the nucleus, cell and perimeter of the cell and nucleus were considered. RESULTS An increase in maximum and minimum diameter of nucleus, perimeter of nucleus and cell in cases when compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS Fluorosis induces oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis which can be the reasons for the increase in the nuclear size and decrease in the cell size. Community dental and medical programmes should be stringently implemented in fluorosis-endemic areas, to create awareness regarding the toxic effects of fluoride to the body, especially within the oro-facial region.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Madusudan Rao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Dental Surgery, Saveetha University, Velappanchavadi, Chennai, India
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26
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The protective effect of curcumin against sodium fluoride-induced oxidative stress in rat heart. ARCH BIOL SCI 2011. [DOI: 10.2298/abs1103563n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study the cardioprotective effects of curcumin, a herbal
polyphenolic compound, against sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced toxicity in rat
heart was evaluated. Fifty rats were divided into five experimental groups
containing 10 rats each. Group I received standard water and diet and was
used as a normal group; groups II and III were pretreated with curcumin
intraperitoneally for 7 days prior to NaF intoxication. Group IV was
pretreated with vitamin C, a standard antioxidant, intraperitoneally for 7
days prior to NaF intoxication and used as a positive control group. The
animals in group V were intoxicated with NaF for the same time and used as a
control group. There was a significant increase in lipid peroxidation along
with a decrease in superoxide dismutase activity in the homogenates of
tissues of the NaF-treated animals. Curcumin pretreatment in animals prior to
fluoride intoxication normalized the levels of biochemical parameters
measured.
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27
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Bai C, Chen T, Cui Y, Gong T, Peng X, Cui HM. Effect of high fluorine on the cell cycle and apoptosis of renal cells in chickens. Biol Trace Elem Res 2010; 138:173-80. [PMID: 20087789 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-009-8599-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The experiment was conducted with the objective of evaluating the effect of dietary high fluorine (F) on cell cycle and apoptosis of kidney in chickens by the methods of flow cytometry. Three hundred 1-day-old Avian broilers were divided into four groups and fed on control diet (F 23 mg/kg) and high F diets (400 mg/kg, high F group I; 800 mg/kg, high F group II; 1,200 mg/kg, high F group III) for 6 weeks. As tested by flow cytometry, the percentage of renal cell apoptosis was increased with increasing of dietary F, and it obviously rose in three high F groups when compared with that of control group. Renal cells in G(0)/G(1) phase were much higher, and renal cells in S phase, G(2)+M phase, and proliferation index value were much lower in high F groups I, II, and III than in control group. The results showed that excess dietary F in the range of 400-1,200 mg/kg caused G(0)/G(1) arrest and increased cellular apoptosis in the kidney, which might finally interfere with the excretion and retention of fluoride in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caimin Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China
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28
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Chouhan S, Lomash V, Flora SJS. Fluoride-induced changes in haem biosynthesis pathway, neurological variables and tissue histopathology of rats. J Appl Toxicol 2010; 30:63-73. [PMID: 19743388 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study intended to determine the effects of various concentrations of fluoride (1, 10, 50 and 100 ppm) in drinking water for a period of 12 weeks on changes in haem biosynthesis pathway, oxidative stress and neurological variables supported by histopathological observations and fluoride in rats. The data indicates significant alterations in the parameters related to haeme synthesis pathway like inhibition of blood delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase, oxidative stress like depletion of glutathione (GSH) and increase in oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. These changes were accompanied by depletion in GSH:GSSG ratio, whole brain biogenic amine levels and a dose-dependent increase in fluoride concentration. Interestingly and most significantly, these changes were more pronounced at lower concentrations of fluoride compared with higher fluoride dose. Biochemical changes were supported by the histological observations, which also revealed that at high concentrations of fluoride, toxic effects and damages to organs were more pronounced. These changes support our earlier findings regarding the role of decreased ionic mobility of fluoride ion at higher concentrations, leading to less pronounced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnila Chouhan
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior-474 002, India
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29
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Bharti VK, Srivastava RS. Fluoride-induced oxidative stress in rat's brain and its amelioration by buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) pineal proteins and melatonin. Biol Trace Elem Res 2009; 130:131-40. [PMID: 19159082 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-009-8320-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2008] [Accepted: 01/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fluoride (F) becomes toxic at higher doses and induces some adverse effects on various organs, including brain. The mechanisms underlying the neurotoxicity caused by excess fluoride still remain unknown. The aims of this study were to examine F-induced oxidative stress (OS) and role of melatonin (MEL) and buffalo pineal proteins (PP) against possible F-induced OS in brain of rats. The 24 rats were taken in present study and were divided into four groups: control, F, F + PP, and F + MEL. The F group was given 150 mg/L orally for 28 days. Combined 150 ppm F and 100 microg/kg BW (i.p.) PP and F (150 ppm) + MEL (10 mg/kg BW, i.p.) were also administered. The activities of enzymatic, viz., superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), and non-enzymatic, viz., reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration, and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the brain tissue were measured to assess the OS. Fluoride administration significantly increased brain MDA compared with control group, while GSH levels were decreased in fluoride-treated groups, accompanied by the markedly reduced SOD, GPx, GR, and SOD activity. Buffalo PP and MEL administration caused brain MDA to decrease but caused SOD, GPx, GR, GSH, and CAT activities to increase to significant levels in F-treated animals. Together, our data provide direct evidence that buffalo PP and MEL may protect fluoride-induced OS in brain of rats through mechanisms involving enhancement of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense system. Therefore, this study suggested that PP and MEL can be useful in control of neurotoxicity induced by fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay K Bharti
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Division of Physiology & Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Kobayashi CAN, Leite AL, Silva TL, Santos LD, Nogueira FCS, Oliveira RC, Palma MS, Domont GB, Buzalaf MAR. Proteomic analysis of kidney in rats chronically exposed to fluoride. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 180:305-11. [PMID: 19497429 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2008] [Revised: 03/02/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) was used to better understand alterations in renal metabolism induced by fluoride (F). Three groups of weanling male Wistar rats were treated with drinking water containing 0 (control), 5, or 50 ppm F for 60 days (n=6/group). Kidneys were collected for proteomic and histological (HE) analysis. After protein isolation, renal proteome profiles were examined using 2-DE and Colloidal Coomassie Blue staining. Protein spots with a 2-fold significant difference as detected by quantitative intensity analysis (Image Master Platinum software) and t-test (p<0.05) were excised and analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS (matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry). The histological analysis revealed no damage in kidneys induced by F, except for a vascular congestion in the 50 ppm F group. Between control vs 50 ppm F, and control vs 5 ppm F groups, 12 and 6 differentially expressed proteins were detected, respectively. Six proteins, mainly related with metabolism, detoxification and housekeeping, were successfully identified. At the high F group, pyruvate carboxylase, a protein involved in the formation of oxaloacetate was found to be downregulated, while enoyl coenzyme A hydratase, involved in fatty acids oxidation, was found to be upregulated. Thus, proteomic analysis can provide new insights into the alterations in renal metabolism after F exposure, even in low doses.
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Guney M, Oral B, Karahan N, Mungan T. Protective effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on fluoride-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in rat endometrium. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2007; 24:86-91. [PMID: 21783794 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2007.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2006] [Revised: 01/16/2007] [Accepted: 01/19/2007] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
High fluoride intake may affect biological systems by increasing free radicals, which may enhance lipid peroxidation levels of the tissues, thus leading to oxidative damage. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a component of honeybee propolis, protects tissues from reactive oxygen species mediated oxidative stress in ischemia-reperfusion and toxic injuries. Several studies suggest that supplementation with anti-oxidant can influence fluoride induced tissue damage. The aims of this study was to investigate the possible role of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), in the pathogenesis of fluoride-induced endometrial damage and to demonstrate the effect of CAPE, the potent antioxidant, in decreasing the toxicity. Twenty-four adult female rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups, as follows: control group, fluoride-treated group (F), and fluoride plus CAPE-treated group (F+CAPE). Fluoride was given orally as 30mg/L NaF solution in spring water daily for 45 days. CAPE was co-administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) with a dose of 10μM/(kgday) for 46 days. Extensive formation of DNA strand breaks, the typical biochemical feature of apoptosis, was detected with the use of the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated d UTP-biotin nick and labeling (TUNEL) method. The activities of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and CAT as well as the concentration of MDA, as an indicator of lipid peroxidation, were measured to evaluate oxidative stress in homogenates of the endometrium. Fluoride administration increased MDA levels (p<0.05), decreased SOD (p<0.05) and CAT (p<0.05) activities. CAPE co-administration with fluoride treatments caused significantly decreased MDA levels (p<0.05), increased SOD (p<0.05) and CAT (p<0.05) activities in endometrial tissue when compared with F alone. Diffuse apoptosis in glandular epithelium and stromal cells was found by TUNEL method in endometrial tissues of rats treated with fluoride. The severity of these lesions was reduced by administration of CAPE. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that MDA may play an important role in the pathogenesis of fluoride-induced oxidative endometrial damage. CAPE may have protective aspects in this process by its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Guney
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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Oncü M, Kocak A, Karaoz E, Darici H, Savik E, Gultekin F. Effect of long-term fluoride exposure on lipid peroxidation and histology of testes in first- and second-generation rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2007; 118:260-8. [PMID: 17916930 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-007-0036-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2006] [Revised: 02/21/2007] [Accepted: 03/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was designed to investigate the histological and lipid peroxidation effects of chronic fluorosis on testes tissues of first- and second-generation rats. Sixteen virgin female Wistar rats were mated with eight males (2:1) for approximately 12 h to obtain first-generation rats. Pregnant rats were divided into two groups: controls and fluoride-given group, each of which containing five rats. Pregnant rats in the fluoride-given group were exposed to a total dose of 30 mg/l sodium fluoride (NaF) in commercial drinking water containing 0.07 mg/l of NaF throughout the gestation and lactation periods. After the lactation period, the young animals (first generation, F1) were exposed to the same dose of NaF in drinking water for 4 months. At the end of the 4 months of experimental period, nine randomly chosen male rats (F1) were killed and testes tissues were taken for histopathological and biochemical analysis. The remaining eight female rats were mated with four males (2:1) for approximately 12 h to obtain second-generation rats. Six female were identified as pregnant and treated with similarly throughout the gestation and the lactation periods. After the lactation period, the young male animals (second generation, F2) were also treated in the same way for 4 months. At the end of the 4 months of experimental period, nine randomly chosen male rats (F2) were killed and testes tissues were collected for histopathological and biochemical analysis. The rats in the control group were applied the same procedure without NaF administration. In biochemical analysis of the fluoride given F1 and F2 rats, it has been found that plasma fluoride levels and testes thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels were significantly increased when compared with the control group. In F1 and F2 rats, similar histopathological changes were observed. In both groups, spermatogenesis was severely reduced. Spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes were normal, however, there was a widespread degeneration in other spermatogenic cell lines of the seminiferous epithelium. The histological structures of the Sertoli and interstitial Leydig cells were normally observed. It is concluded that chronic fluorosis exposure leads to a remarkable destruction in testes tissues of F1 and F2 rats via lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meral Oncü
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Morfoloji Binasi, Isparta 32040, Turkey.
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Guney M, Oral B, Demirin H, Karahan N, Mungan T, Delibas N. Protective effects of vitamins C and E against endometrial damage and oxidative stress in fluoride intoxication. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2007; 34:467-74. [PMID: 17439417 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04596.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
1. Fluoride (F) is an essential trace element that has protective effects against bone mineral loss. However, it becomes toxic at higher doses and induces some adverse effects on a number of physiological functions, including reproduction. The aims of this study were to examine F-induced oxidative stress that promotes production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and to investigate the role of vitamins C and E against possible F-induced endometrial impairment in rats. 2. Rats were divided into three groups: control, F and F plus vitamins. The F group was given 100 mg/L orally for 60 days. Combined vitamins were also administered orally. Fluoride administration to control rats significantly increased endometrial malondialdehyde (MDA) but decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) activities. Endometrial glandular and stromal apoptosis were investigated by DNA nick end-labelling (TUNEL) method on each sample and the mean endometrial apoptotic index (AI) was calculated. 3. Vitamin administration with F treatment caused endometrial MDA to decrease, but SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activities to increase, all to significant levels. Vitamins showed a histopathological protection against F-induced endometrial damage. There was a significant difference in the AI between the groups. Lymphocyte and eosinophil infiltration in stroma in F-treated rats were more than those in the control and F + Vit groups. 4. It can be concluded that oxidative endometrial damage plays an important role in F-induced endometrial toxicity, and the modulation of oxidative stress with vitamins reduces F-induced endometrial damage both at the biochemical and histological levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Guney
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
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He LF, Chen JG. DNA damage, apoptosis and cell cycle changes induced by fluoride in rat oral mucosal cells and hepatocytes. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12:1144-8. [PMID: 16534862 PMCID: PMC4087913 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i7.1144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the effect of fluoride on oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis as well as cell cycle of rat oral mucosal cells and hepatocytes.
METHODS: Ten male SD rats weighing 80~120 g were randomly divided into control group and fluoride group, 5 animals each group. The animals in fluoride group had free access to deionized water containing 150 mg/L sodium fluoride (NaF). The animals in control group were given distilled water. Four weeks later, the animals were killed. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in oral mucosa and liver were measured by Fenton reaction, lipid peroxidation product, malondialdehyde (MDA), was detected by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reaction, reduced glutathione (GSH) was assayed by dithionitrobenzoic acid (DTNB) reaction. DNA damage in oral mucosal cells and hepatocytes was determined by single cell gel (SCG) electrophoresis or comet assay. Apoptosis and cell cycle in oral mucosal cells and hepatocytes were detected by flow cytometry.
RESULTS: The contents of ROS and MDA in oral mucosa and liver tissue of fluoride group were significantly higher than those of control group (P < 0.01), but the level of GSH was markedly decreased (P < 0.01). The contents of ROS, MDA and GSH were (134.73 ± 12.63) U/mg protein, (1.48 ± 0.13) mmol/mg protein and (76.38 ± 6.71) mmol/mg protein in oral mucosa respectively, and (143.45 ±11.76) U/mg protein, (1.44 ± 0.12) mmol/mg protein and (78.83 ± 7.72) mmol/mg protein in liver tissue respectively. The DNA damage rate in fluoride group was 50.20% in oral mucosal cells and 44.80% in hepatocytes, higher than those in the control group (P < 0.01). The apoptosis rate in oral mucosal cells was (13.63 ± 1.81) % in fluoride group, and (12.76 ± 1.67) % in hepatocytes, higher than those in control group. Excess fluoride could differently lower the number of oral mucosal cells and hepatocytes at G0/G1 and S G2/M phases (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Excess fluoride can induce oxidative stress and DNA damage and lead to apoptosis and cell cycle change in rat oral mucosal cells and hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Fei He
- Department of Dental Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China.
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Xu H, Hu LS, Chang M, Jing L, Zhang XY, Li GS. Proteomic analysis of kidney in fluoride-treated rat. Toxicol Lett 2005; 160:69-75. [PMID: 16043314 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2005] [Revised: 06/13/2005] [Accepted: 06/13/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The recent development of proteomic techniques has enabled investigators to directly examine the population of proteins present in biological systems. We first report here the proteomic changes of renal protein induced by fluoride. To investigate molecular mechanisms of renal injury induced by fluoride, proteins were isolated from rat kidney and profiled by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE). With the analysis of Image-Master 2D Elite software, 141 up-regulated and eight down-regulated protein spots in 2DE gels of fluoride-treated group were gained by comparison to the control group, 13 of which were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The identified proteins are mainly related with cell proliferation, metabolism and oxidative stress, and provide a valuable clue to explore the mechanism of renal fluorosis. This study also shows that the proteomic techniques were powerful in fluoride toxical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Institute of Endemic Disease, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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