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Stepien BK, Wielockx B. From Vessels to Neurons-The Role of Hypoxia Pathway Proteins in Embryonic Neurogenesis. Cells 2024; 13:621. [PMID: 38607059 PMCID: PMC11012138 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Embryonic neurogenesis can be defined as a period of prenatal development during which divisions of neural stem and progenitor cells give rise to neurons. In the central nervous system of most mammals, including humans, the majority of neocortical neurogenesis occurs before birth. It is a highly spatiotemporally organized process whose perturbations lead to cortical malformations and dysfunctions underlying neurological and psychiatric pathologies, and in which oxygen availability plays a critical role. In case of deprived oxygen conditions, known as hypoxia, the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling pathway is activated, resulting in the selective expression of a group of genes that regulate homeostatic adaptations, including cell differentiation and survival, metabolism and angiogenesis. While a physiological degree of hypoxia is essential for proper brain development, imbalanced oxygen levels can adversely affect this process, as observed in common obstetrical pathologies such as prematurity. This review comprehensively explores and discusses the current body of knowledge regarding the role of hypoxia and the HIF pathway in embryonic neurogenesis of the mammalian cortex. Additionally, it highlights existing gaps in our understanding, presents unanswered questions, and provides avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara K. Stepien
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ben Wielockx
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Experimental Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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2
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Garone C, De Giorgio F, Carli S. Mitochondrial metabolism in neural stem cells and implications for neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. J Transl Med 2024; 22:238. [PMID: 38438847 PMCID: PMC10910780 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05041-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are cytoplasmic organelles having a fundamental role in the regulation of neural stem cell (NSC) fate during neural development and maintenance.During embryonic and adult neurogenesis, NSCs undergo a metabolic switch from glycolytic to oxidative phosphorylation with a rise in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content, changes in mitochondria shape and size, and a physiological augmentation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species which together drive NSCs to proliferate and differentiate. Genetic and epigenetic modifications of proteins involved in cellular differentiation (Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin), proliferation (Wingless-type), and hypoxia (Mitogen-activated protein kinase)-and all connected by the common key regulatory factor Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1A-are deemed to be responsible for the metabolic shift and, consequently, NSC fate in physiological and pathological conditions.Both primary mitochondrial dysfunction due to mutations in nuclear DNA or mtDNA or secondary mitochondrial dysfunction in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) metabolism, mitochondrial dynamics, and organelle interplay pathways can contribute to the development of neurodevelopmental or progressive neurodegenerative disorders.This review analyses the physiology and pathology of neural development starting from the available in vitro and in vivo models and highlights the current knowledge concerning key mitochondrial pathways involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Garone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UO Neuropsichiatria Dell'età Pediatrica, Bologna, Italy.
| | - F De Giorgio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - S Carli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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3
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Kiuchi M, Uno T, Hasegawa T, Koyama K, Horiuchi M. Influence of short-term hypoxic exposure on spatial learning and memory function and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rats-A practical implication to human's lost way. Front Behav Neurosci 2024; 18:1330596. [PMID: 38380151 PMCID: PMC10876868 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1330596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a short period of normobaric hypoxic exposure on spatial learning and memory, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the rat hippocampus. Hypoxic conditions were set at 12.5% O2. We compared all variables between normoxic trials (Norm), after 24 h (Hypo-24 h), and after 72 h of hypoxic exposure (Hypo-72 h). Spatial learning and memory were evaluated by using a water-finding task in an open field. Time to find water drinking fountains was significantly extended in Hypo 24 h (36.2 ± 21.9 s) compared to those in Norm (17.9 ± 12.8 s; P < 0.05), whereas no statistical differences between Norm and Hypo-72 h (22.7 ± 12.3 s). Moreover, hippocampal BDNF level in Hypo-24 h was significantly lower compared to Norm (189.4 ± 28.4 vs. 224.9 ± 47.7 ng/g wet tissue, P < 0.05), whereas no statistically differences in those between Norm and Hypo-72 h (228.1 ± 39.8 ng/g wet tissue). No significant differences in the changes in corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels were observed across the three conditions. When data from Hypo-24 h and Hypo-72 h of hypoxia were pooled, there was a marginal negative relationship between the time to find drinking fountains and BDNF (P < 0.1), and was a significant negative relationship between the locomotor activities and BDNF (P < 0.05). These results suggest that acute hypoxic exposure (24 h) may impair spatial learning and memory; however, it recovered after 72 h of hypoxic exposure. These changes in spatial learning and memory may be associated with changes in the hippocampal BDNF levels in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Kiuchi
- Graduate School Department of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tadashi Uno
- Division of Human Environmental Science, Mount Fuji Research Institute, Fujiyoshida, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Hasegawa
- Division of Human Environmental Science, Mount Fuji Research Institute, Fujiyoshida, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Koyama
- Faculty of Sport Science, Yamanashi Gakuin University, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Horiuchi
- Division of Human Environmental Science, Mount Fuji Research Institute, Fujiyoshida, Yamanashi, Japan
- Faculty of Sports and Life Science, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kanoya, Kagoshima, Japan
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4
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Beldarrain G, Chillida M, Hilario E, Herrero de la Parte B, Álvarez A, Alonso-Alconada D. URB447 Is Neuroprotective in Both Male and Female Rats after Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia and Enhances Neurogenesis in Females. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1607. [PMID: 38338884 PMCID: PMC10855747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The need for new and effective treatments for neonates suffering from hypoxia-ischemia is urgent, as the only implemented therapy in clinics is therapeutic hypothermia, only effective in 50% of cases. Cannabinoids may modulate neuronal development and brain plasticity, but further investigation is needed to better describe their implication as a neurorestorative therapy after neonatal HI. The cannabinoid URB447, a CB1 antagonist/CB2 agonist, has previously been shown to reduce brain injury after HI, but it is not clear whether sex may affect its neuroprotective and/or neurorestorative effect. Here, URB447 strongly reduced brain infarct, improved neuropathological score, and augmented proliferative capacity and neurogenic response in the damaged hemisphere. When analyzing these effects by sex, URB447 ameliorated brain damage in both males and females, and enhanced cell proliferation and the number of neuroblasts only in females, thus suggesting a neuroprotective effect in males and a double neuroprotective/neurorestorative effect in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorane Beldarrain
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Marc Chillida
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Enrique Hilario
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Borja Herrero de la Parte
- Department of Surgery and Radiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Antonia Álvarez
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Daniel Alonso-Alconada
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
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5
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Yu J, Chen G, Zhu H, Zhong Y, Yang Z, Jian Z, Xiong X. Metabolic and proteostatic differences in quiescent and active neural stem cells. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:43-48. [PMID: 37488842 PMCID: PMC10479840 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.375306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult neural stem cells are neurogenesis progenitor cells that play an important role in neurogenesis. Therefore, neural regeneration may be a promising target for treatment of many neurological illnesses. The regenerative capacity of adult neural stem cells can be characterized by two states: quiescent and active. Quiescent adult neural stem cells are more stable and guarantee the quantity and quality of the adult neural stem cell pool. Active adult neural stem cells are characterized by rapid proliferation and differentiation into neurons which allow for integration into neural circuits. This review focuses on differences between quiescent and active adult neural stem cells in nutrition metabolism and protein homeostasis. Furthermore, we discuss the physiological significance and underlying advantages of these differences. Due to the limited number of adult neural stem cells studies, we referred to studies of embryonic adult neural stem cells or non-mammalian adult neural stem cells to evaluate specific mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhenxing Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhihong Jian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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6
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Gao HM, Chen H, Cui GY, Hu JX. Damage mechanism and therapy progress of the blood-brain barrier after ischemic stroke. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:196. [PMID: 37915036 PMCID: PMC10619327 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01126-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) serves as a defensive line protecting the central nervous system, while also maintaining micro-environment homeostasis and inhibiting harmful materials from the peripheral blood. However, the BBB's unique physiological functions and properties make drug delivery challenging for patients with central nervous system diseases. In this article, we briefly describe the cell structure basis and mechanism of action of the BBB, as well as related functional proteins involved. Additionally, we discuss the various mechanisms of BBB damage following the onset of an ischemic stroke, and lastly, we mention several therapeutic strategies accounting for impairment mechanisms. We hope to provide innovative ideas for drug delivery research via the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Gao
- Institute of Stroke Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gui-Yun Cui
- Institute of Stroke Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin-Xia Hu
- Institute of Stroke Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China.
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China.
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7
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Dey D, Shrivastava V, Joshi D, Singal CMS, Tyagi S, Bhat MA, Jaiswal P, Sharma JB, Palanichamy JK, Sinha S, Seth P, Sen S. Hypoxia Induces Early Neurogenesis in Human Fetal Neural Stem Cells by Activating the WNT Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:2910-2921. [PMID: 36749560 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03248-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fetal neural stem cells (FNSCs) present in the human fetal brain differentiate into cells of neuronal and glial lineages. The developing fetus is exposed to lower oxygen concentrations than adults, and this physiological hypoxia may influence the growth and differentiation of the FNSCs. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of hypoxia on the differentiation potential of human FNSCs isolated from the subventricular zone of aborted fetal brains (n = 5). FNSCs were isolated, expanded, and characterized by Nestin and Sox2 expression using immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry, respectively. These FNSCs were exposed to 20% oxygen (normoxia) and 0.2% oxygen (hypoxia) concentrations for 48 h, and hypoxia exposure (n = 5) was validated. Whole transcriptome analyses (Genespring GX13) of FNSCs exposed to hypoxia (Agilent 4 × 44 K human array slides) highlighted that genes associated with neurogenesis were enriched upon exposure to hypoxia. The pathway analysis of these enriched genes (using Metacore) showed the involvement of the WNT signaling pathway. Microarray analyses were validated using neuronal and glial lineage commitment markers, namely, NEUROG1, NEUROG2, ASCL1, DCX, GFAP, OLIG2, and NKX2.2, using qPCR (n = 9). DCX, ASCL1, NGN1, and GFAP protein expression was analyzed by Western blotting (n = 3). This demonstrated upregulation of the neuronal commitment markers upon hypoxia exposure, while no change was observed in astrocytic and oligodendrocyte lineage commitment markers. Increased expression of downstream targets of the WNT signaling pathway, TCF4 and ID2, by qPCR (n = 9) and increased protein expression of CTNNB1 (β-catenin) and ID2 by Western blot (n = 3) indicated its involvement in mediating neuronal differentiation upon exposure to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devanjan Dey
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vadanya Shrivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Diksha Joshi
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sagar Tyagi
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Muzaffer Ahmed Bhat
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Paritosh Jaiswal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana, India
| | - Jai Bhagwan Sharma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Subrata Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pankaj Seth
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana, India
| | - Sudip Sen
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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8
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Ahmad MH, Ghosh B, Rizvi MA, Ali M, Kaur L, Mondal AC. Neural crest cells development and neuroblastoma progression: Role of Wnt signaling. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:306-328. [PMID: 36502519 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the most common heterogeneous extracranial cancers in infancy that arises from neural crest (NC) cells of the sympathetic nervous system. The Wnt signaling pathway, both canonical and noncanonical pathway, is a highly conserved signaling pathway that regulates the development and differentiation of the NC cells during embryogenesis. Reports suggest that aberrant activation of Wnt ligands/receptors in Wnt signaling pathways promote progression and relapse of NB. Wnt signaling pathways regulate NC induction and migration in a similar manner; it regulates proliferation and metastasis of NB. Inhibiting the Wnt signaling pathway or its ligands/receptors induces apoptosis and abrogates proliferation and tumorigenicity in all major types of NB cells. Here, we comprehensively discuss the Wnt signaling pathway and its mechanisms in regulating the development of NC and NB pathogenesis. This review highlights the implications of aberrant Wnt signaling in the context of etiology, progression, and relapse of NB. We have also described emerging strategies for Wnt-based therapies against the progression of NB that will provide new insights into the development of Wnt-based therapeutic strategies for NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Hilal Ahmad
- School of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.,Genome Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Midnapore Medical College & Hospital, West Bengal, Medinipur, India
| | - Moshahid Alam Rizvi
- Genome Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Mansoor Ali
- School of Life Sciences, Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Loveleena Kaur
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM), Srinagar, India
| | - Amal Chandra Mondal
- School of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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9
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Zong J, Shen J, Liu X, Liu J, Zhang J, Zhou C, Fan Y, Jin Y. Lithium Chloride Promotes Milk Protein and Fat Synthesis in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells via HIF-1α and β-Catenin Signaling Pathways. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:180-195. [PMID: 35080710 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03131-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Lithium is one of the trace elements with many physiological properties, such as being anti-cancer, anti-viral, and anti-inflammatory. However, little is known about its effect on milk synthesis during lactation. Therefore, we selected different concentrations (5 mM, 10 mM, and 20 mM) of lithium chloride (LiCl) and assessed the effect of LiCl on bovine mammary epithelial (MAC-T) cells that underwent 4 days of differentiation induction. Moreover, we analyzed the effect of LiCl on the expression of genes related to milk fat and milk protein synthesis. Herein, LiCl (5-20 mM) significantly increased the expression of β-casein, promoted mRNA expression and phosphorylated protein expression of the signal transduction molecule and activator of transcription 5β (STAT5-β), and inhibited mRNA and protein expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2). In contrast, 5 and 10 mM LiCl significantly inhibited expression of SOCS3. LiCl at concentration of 5-20 mM enhanced phosphorylation level of mTOR protein; at 10 mM and 20 mM, LiCl significantly promoted expression and phosphorylation of downstream ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 (S6K1) protein. Considering milk fat synthesis, mRNA expression of acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) genes was considerably increased in the presence of LiCl (5-20 mM). Additionally, increased protein expression levels of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) were observed at all LiCl concentrations tested. Subsequently, LiCl (5-20 mM) significantly promoted protein expression and phosphorylation of β-catenin, while 10 mM and 20 mM of LiCl significantly promoted protein expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). Collectively, it has been shown that 10 mM LiCl can effectively activate HIF-1α, β-catenin, and β-catenin downstream signaling pathways. Conversely, at 10 mM, LiCl inhibited SOCS2 and SOCS3 protein expression through JAK2/STAT5, mTOR, and SREBP1 signaling pathways, improving synthesis of milk protein and fat. Therefore, LiCl can be used as a potential nutrient to regulate milk synthesis in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Zong
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinglin Shen
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlu Liu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Liu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhai Zhou
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yating Fan
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongcheng Jin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Lewis CTA, Mascall KS, Wilson HM, Murray F, Kerr KM, Gibson G, Buchan K, Small GR, Nixon GF. An endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis downregulated by hypoxia in human aortic valve stenosis promotes disease pathogenesis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 174:25-37. [PMID: 36336008 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aortic valve stenosis is the most common valve disease in the western world. Central to the pathogenesis of this disease is the growth of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) within the aortic valve allowing infiltration of immune cells and development of intra-valve inflammation. Identifying the cellular mediators involved in this angiogenesis is important as this may reveal new therapeutic targets which could ultimately prevent the progression of aortic valve stenosis. Aortic valves from patients undergoing surgery for aortic valve replacement or dilation of the aortic arch were examined both ex vivo and in vitro. We now demonstrate that the anti-angiogenic protein, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1), a non-signalling soluble receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor, is constitutively expressed in non-diseased valves. sFlt-1 expression was, however, significantly reduced in aortic valve tissue from patients with aortic valve stenosis while protein markers of hypoxia were simultaneously increased. Exposure of primary-cultured valve interstitial cells to hypoxia resulted in a decrease in the expression of sFlt-1. We further reveal using a bioassay that siRNA knock-down of sFlt1 in valve interstitial cells directly results in a pro-angiogenic environment. Finally, incubation of aortic valves with sphingosine 1-phosphate, a bioactive lipid-mediator, increased sFlt-1 expression and inhibited angiogenesis within valve tissue. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that sFlt1 expression is directly correlated with angiogenesis in aortic valves and the observed decrease in sFlt-1 expression in aortic valve stenosis could increase valve inflammation, promoting disease progression. This could be a viable therapeutic target in treating this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T A Lewis
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - Keith S Mascall
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - Heather M Wilson
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - Fiona Murray
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - Keith M Kerr
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, UK
| | - George Gibson
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, UK
| | - Keith Buchan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, UK
| | - Gary R Small
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Graeme F Nixon
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, UK.
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11
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Liu R, Tian Y, Wang J, Wang Z, Li X, Zhao C, Yao R, Li S, Yuan L, Yang J, Shi D. Visible light-initiated radical 1,3-difunctionalization of β,γ-unsaturated ketones. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq8596. [PMID: 36490351 PMCID: PMC9733936 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq8596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Radical-mediated 1,2-difunctionalization of olefins is a well-established synthetic technique widely used in the rapid construction of structurally diverse molecular entities. However, radical-mediated 1,3-difunctionalization reactions are rare, and the substrates are generally limited to strained skeletons. Here, we report a practical approach for 1,3-difunctionalization of available β,γ-unsaturated ketones via a radical cascade process including visible light-irradiated radical addition, thermodynamic stability-driven 1,2-carbonyl migration from unactivated all-carbon quaternary center, and terminal C-radical varied transformations. Various highly functionalized alkyl skeletons with different valuable functional groups at positions 1 and 3 and the carbonyl group at position 2 have been synthesized through a radical chain pathway or Cu-catalyzed Ritter-type reaction. Moreover, this protocol provides a real case of diversity-oriented radical rearrangement for drug discovery. We identified a previously unknown chemotype of dual inhibitors for hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and WNT signaling pathways from products. These small-molecule inhibitors could suppress HIF and WNT signaling-dependent HCT116 cell growth in 2D and 3D culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Zemin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiangqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Ruoyu Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Leifeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jinbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Dayong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 168 Weihai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
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12
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Wang Z, Cai Y, Zhang Q, Li J, Lin B, Zhao J, Zhang F, Li Y, Yang X, Lu L, Shuai X, Shen J. Upregulating HIF-1α to Boost the Survival of Neural Stem Cells via Functional Peptides-Complexed MRI-Visible Nanomedicine for Stroke Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2201630. [PMID: 36148580 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) transplantation has been considered as a promising strategy for the treatment of ischemic stroke. However, the therapeutic prospect is limited by the poor control over the survival, migration, and maturation of transplanted NSCs. Upregulating hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α expression in stem cells can improve the survival and migration of NSCs grafted for stroke therapy. Functional peptide drugs, which could inhibit endogenous HIF-1α ubiquitination, might be used to effectively upregulate the HIF-1α expression in NSCs, thereby to improve the therapeutic effect in ischemia stroke. Herein, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-visible nanomedicine is developed to codeliver functional peptides and superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles into NSCs. This nanomedicine not only promotes the survival and migration ability of NSCs but also allows an in vivo tracking of transplanted NSCs with MRI. The results demonstrate the great potential of the functional peptides-complexed multifunctional nanomedicine in boosting the therapeutic effect of stem cell-based therapy in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yujun Cai
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Qinyuan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jianing Li
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Bingling Lin
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Junya Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yunhua Li
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xieqing Yang
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Liejing Lu
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xintao Shuai
- Nanomedicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
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13
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Zayed MA, Sultan S, Alsaab HO, Yousof SM, Alrefaei GI, Alsubhi NH, Alkarim S, Al Ghamdi KS, Bagabir SA, Jana A, Alghamdi BS, Atta HM, Ashraf GM. Stem-Cell-Based Therapy: The Celestial Weapon against Neurological Disorders. Cells 2022; 11:3476. [PMID: 36359871 PMCID: PMC9655836 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are a versatile source for cell therapy. Their use is particularly significant for the treatment of neurological disorders for which no definitive conventional medical treatment is available. Neurological disorders are of diverse etiology and pathogenesis. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is caused by abnormal protein deposits, leading to progressive dementia. Parkinson's disease (PD) is due to the specific degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons causing motor and sensory impairment. Huntington's disease (HD) includes a transmittable gene mutation, and any treatment should involve gene modulation of the transplanted cells. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder affecting multiple neurons sporadically but induces progressive neuronal dysfunction. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) impacts upper and lower motor neurons, leading to progressive muscle degeneration. This shows the need to try to tailor different types of cells to repair the specific defect characteristic of each disease. In recent years, several types of stem cells were used in different animal models, including transgenic animals of various neurologic disorders. Based on some of the successful animal studies, some clinical trials were designed and approved. Some studies were successful, others were terminated and, still, a few are ongoing. In this manuscript, we aim to review the current information on both the experimental and clinical trials of stem cell therapy in neurological disorders of various disease mechanisms. The different types of cells used, their mode of transplantation and the molecular and physiologic effects are discussed. Recommendations for future use and hopes are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Zayed
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia 32511, Egypt
| | - Samar Sultan
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Regenerative Medicine Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hashem O. Alsaab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shimaa Mohammad Yousof
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Ghadeer I. Alrefaei
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf H. Alsubhi
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alkarim
- Embryonic and Cancer Stem Cell Research Group, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Embryonic Stem Cells Research Unit, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kholoud S. Al Ghamdi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sali Abubaker Bagabir
- Genetic Unit, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ankit Jana
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Badrah S. Alghamdi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazem M. Atta
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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14
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A Tale of Two: When Neural Stem Cells Encounter Hypoxia. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022:10.1007/s10571-022-01293-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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15
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Shen X, Li M, Wang C, Liu Z, Wu K, Wang A, Bi C, Lu S, Long H, Zhu G. Hypoxia is fine-tuned by Hif-1α and regulates mesendoderm differentiation through the Wnt/β-Catenin pathway. BMC Biol 2022; 20:219. [PMID: 36199093 PMCID: PMC9536055 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia naturally happens in embryogenesis and thus serves as an important environmental factor affecting embryo development. Hif-1α, an essential hypoxia response factor, was mostly considered to mediate or synergistically regulate the effect of hypoxia on stem cells. However, the function and relationship of hypoxia and Hif-1α in regulating mesendoderm differentiation remains controversial. Results We here discovered that hypoxia dramatically suppressed the mesendoderm differentiation and promoted the ectoderm differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). However, hypoxia treatment after mesendoderm was established promoted the downstream differentiation of mesendoderm-derived lineages. These effects of hypoxia were mediated by the repression of the Wnt/β-Catenin pathway and the Wnt/β-Catenin pathway was at least partially regulated by the Akt/Gsk3β axis. Blocking the Wnt/β-Catenin pathway under normoxia using IWP2 mimicked the effects of hypoxia while activating the Wnt/β-Catenin pathway with CHIR99021 fully rescued the mesendoderm differentiation suppression caused by hypoxia. Unexpectedly, Hif-1α overexpression, in contrast to hypoxia, promoted mesendoderm differentiation and suppressed ectoderm differentiation. Knockdown of Hif-1α under normoxia and hypoxia both inhibited the mesendoderm differentiation. Moreover, hypoxia even suppressed the mesendoderm differentiation of Hif-1α knockdown mESCs, further implying that the effects of hypoxia on the mesendoderm differentiation were Hif-1α independent. Consistently, the Wnt/β-Catenin pathway was enhanced by Hif-1α overexpression and inhibited by Hif-1α knockdown. As shown by RNA-seq, unlike hypoxia, the effect of Hif-1α was relatively mild and selectively regulated part of hypoxia response genes, which fine-tuned the effect of hypoxia on mESC differentiation. Conclusions This study revealed that hypoxia is fine-tuned by Hif-1α and regulates the mesendoderm and ectoderm differentiation by manipulating the Wnt/β-Catenin pathway, which contributed to the understanding of hypoxia-mediated regulation of development. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01423-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Shen
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China. .,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China. .,Key Laboratory of Biomedicine in Gene Diseases and Health of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China.
| | - Meng Li
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedicine in Gene Diseases and Health of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Chunguang Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedicine in Gene Diseases and Health of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Zhongxian Liu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedicine in Gene Diseases and Health of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Kun Wu
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Ao Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedicine in Gene Diseases and Health of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Chao Bi
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedicine in Gene Diseases and Health of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Shan Lu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedicine in Gene Diseases and Health of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Hongan Long
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Guoping Zhu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedicine in Gene Diseases and Health of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
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16
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Zou Y, Yuan Z, Sun Y, Zhai M, Tan Z, Guan R, Aschner M, Luo W, Zhang J. Resetting Proteostasis of CIRBP with ISRIB Suppresses Neural Stem Cell Apoptosis under Hypoxic Exposure. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3627026. [PMID: 36211820 PMCID: PMC9546721 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3627026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neurological disorders are often progressive and lead to disabilities with limited available therapies. Epidemiological evidence implicated that prolonged exposure to hypoxia leads to neurological damage and a plethora of complications. Neural stem cells (NSCs) are a promising tool for neurological damage therapy in terms of their unique properties. However, the literature on the outcome of NSCs exposed to severe hypoxia is scarce. In this study, we identified a responsive gene that reacts to multiple cellular stresses, marked cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRBP), which could attenuate NSC apoptosis under hypoxic pressure. Interestingly, ISRIB, a small-molecule modulator of the PERK-ATF4 signaling pathway, could prevent the reduction and apoptosis of NSCs in two steps: enhancing the expression of CIRBP through the protein kinase R- (PKR-) like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) axis. Taken together, CIRBP was found to be a critical factor that could protect NSCs against apoptosis induced by hypoxia, and ISRIB could be acted upstream of the axis and may be recruited as an open potential therapeutic strategy to prevent or treat hypoxia-induced brain hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuankang Zou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Chang Le West Rd., Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Ziyan Yuan
- Institute of Medical Information and Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yafei Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Chang Le West Rd., Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Maodeng Zhai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Chang Le West Rd., Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Zhice Tan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Chang Le West Rd., Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Ruili Guan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Chang Le West Rd., Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Wenjing Luo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Chang Le West Rd., Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Chang Le West Rd., Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
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17
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Blockade on Lin28a Prevents Cognitive Impairment and Disruption of the Blood-Brain Barrier Induced by Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040852. [PMID: 35453602 PMCID: PMC9029709 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Lin28a is an RNA-binding protein involved in the translation and regulation of multiple mRNAs. Lin28a is overexpressed in animal models of brain injury. Similarly, our preliminary study found increased Lin28a expression levels in the animal models four to seven days after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Therefore, this current study aimed to evaluate the effects of modulating Lin28a on cognition and brain functions. Vascular dementia (VaD) was induced in 12-week-old male Wistar rats using permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO), and these rats were treated with Lin28a siRNA on the fourth and seventh day after BCCAO. From the 42nd day after BCCAO, cognitive behavioral experiments were performed for two weeks. VaD induced by BCCAO resulted in cognitive impairment and microglial activation. Lin28a expression was upregulated after BCCAO. Lin28a siRNA treatment alleviated cognitive impairment and overexpression of GFAP and Iba-1 in the brain. Furthermore, the treatment ameliorated the VaD-induced damage to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) components, including PECAM-1, PDGFRβ, occludin, claudin-9, and ZO-1. CCR6 activation after VaD, associated with BBB disruption, was diminished by treatment with Lin28a siRNA. The treatment inhibited VaD-induced microglial activity and alleviated BBB damage. Thus, blocking Lin28a may alleviate cognitive impairment caused by VaD.
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18
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Markert F, Storch A. Hyperoxygenation During Mid-Neurogenesis Accelerates Cortical Development in the Fetal Mouse Brain. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:732682. [PMID: 35372333 PMCID: PMC8969024 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.732682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen tension is well-known to affect cortical development. Fetal brain hyperoxygenation during mid-neurogenesis in mice (embryonic stage E14.5. to E16.5) increases brain size evoked through an increase of neuroprecursor cells. Nevertheless, it is unknown whether these effects can lead to persistent morphological changes within the highly orchestrated brain development. To shed light on this, we used our model of controlled fetal brain hyperoxygenation in time-pregnant C57BL/6J mice housed in a chamber with 75% atmospheric oxygen from E14.5 to E16.5 and analyzed the brains from E14.5, E16.5, P0.5, and P3.5 mouse embryos and pups via immunofluorescence staining. Mid-neurogenesis hyperoxygenation led to an acceleration of cortical development by temporal expansion of the cortical plate with increased NeuN+ neuron counts in hyperoxic brains only until birth. More specifically, the number of Ctip2+ cortical layer 5 (L5) neurons was increased at E16.5 and at birth in hyperoxic brains but normalized in the early postnatal stage (P3.5). The absence of cleaved caspase 3 within the extended Ctip2+ L5 cell population largely excluded apoptosis as a major compensatory mechanism. Timed BrdU/EdU analyses likewise rule out a feedback mechanism. The normalization was, on the contrary, accompanied by an increase of active microglia within L5 targeting Ctip2+ neurons without any signs of apoptosis. Together, hyperoxygenation during mid-neurogenesis phase of fetal brain development provoked a specific transient overshoot of cortical L5 neurons leading to an accelerated cortical development without detectable persistent changes. These observations provide insight into cortical and L5 brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Markert
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Storch
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany
- *Correspondence: Alexander Storch,
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19
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Mikloska KV, Zrini ZA, Bernier NJ. Severe hypoxia exposure inhibits larval brain development but does not affect the capacity to mount a cortisol stress response in zebrafish. J Exp Biol 2021; 225:274120. [PMID: 34931659 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Fish nursery habitats are increasingly hypoxic and the brain is recognized as highly hypoxia-sensitive, yet there is a lack of information on the effects of hypoxia on the development and function of the larval fish brain. Here, we tested the hypothesis that by inhibiting brain development, larval exposure to severe hypoxia has persistent functional effects on the cortisol stress response in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Exposing 5 days post-fertilization (dpf) larvae to 10% dissolved O2 (DO) for 16 h only marginally reduced survival, but it decreased forebrain neural proliferation by 55%, and reduced the expression of neurod1, gfap, and mbpa, markers of determined neurons, glia, and oligodendrocytes, respectively. The 5 dpf hypoxic exposure also elicited transient increases in whole body cortisol and in crf, uts1, and hsd20b2 expression, key regulators of the endocrine stress response. Hypoxia exposure at 5 dpf also inhibited the cortisol stress response to hypoxia in 10 dpf larvae and increased hypoxia tolerance. However, 10% DO exposure at 5 dpf for 16h did not affect the cortisol stress response to a novel stressor in 10 dpf larvae or the cortisol stress response to hypoxia in adult fish. Therefore, while larval exposure to severe hypoxia can inhibit brain development, it also increases hypoxia tolerance. These effects may transiently reduce the impact of hypoxia on the cortisol stress response but not its functional capacity to respond to novel stressors. We conclude that the larval cortisol stress response in zebrafish has a high capacity to cope with severe hypoxia-induced neurogenic impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina V Mikloska
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Zoe A Zrini
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Nicholas J Bernier
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
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20
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Abstract
Cerebral ischemic injury may lead to a series of serious brain diseases, death or different degrees of disability. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor, which mediates the adaptive metabolic response to hypoxia and serves a key role in cerebral ischemia. HIF-1α is the main molecule that responds to hypoxia. HIF-1α serves an important role in the development of cerebral ischemia by participating in numerous processes, including metabolism, proliferation and angiogenesis. The present review focuses on the endogenous protective mechanism of cerebral ischemia and elaborates on the role of HIF-1α in cerebral ischemia. In addition, it focuses on cerebral ischemia interventions that act on the HIF-1α target, including biological factors, non-coding RNA, hypoxic-ischemic preconditioning and drugs, and expands upon the measures to strengthen the endogenous compensatory response to support HIF-1α as a therapeutic target, thus providing novel suggestions for the treatment of cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiliang Dong
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Qingna Li
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Hua Han
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
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21
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Li G, Liu J, Guan Y, Ji X. The role of hypoxia in stem cell regulation of the central nervous system: From embryonic development to adult proliferation. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:1446-1457. [PMID: 34817133 PMCID: PMC8611781 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is involved in the regulation of various cell functions in the body, including the regulation of stem cells. The hypoxic microenvironment is indispensable from embryonic development to the regeneration and repair of adult cells. In addition to embryonic stem cells, which need to maintain their self-renewal properties and pluripotency in a hypoxic environment, adult stem cells, including neural stem cells (NSCs), also exist in a hypoxic microenvironment. The subventricular zone (SVZ) and hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) are the main sites of adult neurogenesis in the brain. Hypoxia can promote the proliferation, migration, and maturation of NSCs in these regions. Also, because most neurons in the brain are non-regenerative, stem cell transplantation is considered as a promising strategy for treating central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Hypoxic treatment also increases the effectiveness of stem cell therapy. In this review, we firstly describe the role of hypoxia in different stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells, NSCs, and induced pluripotent stem cells, and discuss the role of hypoxia-treated stem cells in CNS diseases treatment. Furthermore, we highlight the role and mechanisms of hypoxia in regulating adult neurogenesis in the SVZ and DG and adult proliferation of other cells in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaifen Li
- Laboratory of Brain DisordersMinistry of Science and TechnologyCollaborative Innovation Center for Brain DisordersBeijing Institute of Brain DisordersCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryXuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jia Liu
- Laboratory of Brain DisordersMinistry of Science and TechnologyCollaborative Innovation Center for Brain DisordersBeijing Institute of Brain DisordersCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yuying Guan
- Laboratory of Brain DisordersMinistry of Science and TechnologyCollaborative Innovation Center for Brain DisordersBeijing Institute of Brain DisordersCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryXuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xunming Ji
- Laboratory of Brain DisordersMinistry of Science and TechnologyCollaborative Innovation Center for Brain DisordersBeijing Institute of Brain DisordersCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryXuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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22
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Bisht VS, Giri K, Kumar D, Ambatipudi K. Oxygen and metabolic reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment influences metastasis homing. Cancer Biol Ther 2021; 22:493-512. [PMID: 34696706 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2021.1992233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is the leading cause of cancer mortality, often characterized by abnormal cell growth and invasion to distant organs. The cancer invasion due to epithelial to mesenchymal transition is affected by metabolic and oxygen availability in the tumor-associated micro-environment. A precise alteration in oxygen and metabolic signaling between healthy and metastatic cells is a substantial probe for understanding tumor progression and metastasis. Molecular heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment help to sustain the metastatic cell growth during their survival shift from low to high metabolic-oxygen-rich sites and reinforces the metastatic events. This review highlighted the crucial role of oxygen and metabolites in metastatic progression and exemplified the role of metabolic rewiring and oxygen availability in cancer cell adaptation. Furthermore, we have also addressed potential applications of altered oxygen and metabolic networking with tumor type that could be a signature pattern to assess tumor growth and chemotherapeutics efficacy in managing cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod S Bisht
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Kuldeep Giri
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Cancer Biology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Kiran Ambatipudi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
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23
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On the Common Journey of Neural Cells through Ischemic Brain Injury and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189689. [PMID: 34575845 PMCID: PMC8472292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic brain injury and Alzheimer's disease (AD) both lead to cell death in the central nervous system (CNS) and thus negatively affect particularly the elderly population. Due to the lack of a definitive cure for brain ischemia and AD, it is advisable to carefully study, compare, and contrast the mechanisms that trigger, and are involved in, both neuropathologies. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms may help ameliorate, or even prevent, the destructive effects of neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we deal with ischemic damage and AD, with the main emphasis on the common properties of these CNS disorders. Importantly, we discuss the Wnt signaling pathway as a significant factor in the cell fate determination and cell survival in the diseased adult CNS. Finally, we summarize the interesting findings that may improve or complement the current sparse and insufficient treatments for brain ischemia and AD, and we delineate prospective directions in regenerative medicine.
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24
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Li SS, Sun Q, Hua MR, Suo P, Chen JR, Yu XY, Zhao YY. Targeting the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy in Renal Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:719880. [PMID: 34483931 PMCID: PMC8415231 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.719880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays important roles in embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. Wnt signaling is induced, and β-catenin is activated, associated with the development and progression of renal fibrosis. Wnt/β-catenin controls the expression of various downstream mediators such as snail1, twist, matrix metalloproteinase-7, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, transient receptor potential canonical 6, and renin-angiotensin system components in epithelial cells, fibroblast, and macrophages. In addition, Wnt/β-catenin is usually intertwined with other signaling pathways to promote renal interstitial fibrosis. Actually, given the crucial of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in renal fibrogenesis, blocking this signaling may benefit renal interstitial fibrosis. There are several antagonists of Wnt signaling that negatively control Wnt activation, and these include soluble Fzd-related proteins, the family of Dickkopf 1 proteins, Klotho and Wnt inhibitory factor-1. Furthermore, numerous emerging small-molecule β-catenin inhibitors cannot be ignored to prevent and treat renal fibrosis. Moreover, we reviewed the knowledge focusing on anti-fibrotic effects of natural products commonly used in kidney disease by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Therefore, in this review, we summarize recent advances in the regulation, downstream targets, role, and mechanisms of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in renal fibrosis pathogenesis. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting this pathway to treat renal fibrosis; this may shed new insights into effective treatment strategies to prevent and treat renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xi'an, China.,The First School of Clinical Medicine, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xi'an, China.,The First School of Clinical Medicine, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Meng-Ru Hua
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ping Suo
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia-Rong Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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25
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Early Life Stress and Metabolic Plasticity of Brain Cells: Impact on Neurogenesis and Angiogenesis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091092. [PMID: 34572278 PMCID: PMC8470044 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) causes long-lasting changes in brain plasticity induced by the exposure to stress factors acting prenatally or in the early postnatal ontogenesis due to hyperactivation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and sympathetic nervous system, development of neuroinflammation, aberrant neurogenesis and angiogenesis, and significant alterations in brain metabolism that lead to neurological deficits and higher susceptibility to development of brain disorders later in the life. As a key component of complex pathogenesis, ELS-mediated changes in brain metabolism associate with development of mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of appropriate mitochondria quality control and mitochondrial dynamics, deregulation of metabolic reprogramming. These mechanisms are particularly critical for maintaining the pool and development of brain cells within neurogenic and angiogenic niches. In this review, we focus on brain mitochondria and energy metabolism related to tightly coupled neurogenic and angiogenic events in healthy and ELS-affected brain, and new opportunities to develop efficient therapeutic strategies aimed to restore brain metabolism and reduce ELS-induced impairments of brain plasticity.
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26
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Rodriguez D, Watts D, Gaete D, Sormendi S, Wielockx B. Hypoxia Pathway Proteins and Their Impact on the Blood Vasculature. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179191. [PMID: 34502102 PMCID: PMC8431527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Every cell in the body requires oxygen for its functioning, in virtually every animal, and a tightly regulated system that balances oxygen supply and demand is therefore fundamental. The vascular network is one of the first systems to sense oxygen, and deprived oxygen (hypoxia) conditions automatically lead to a cascade of cellular signals that serve to circumvent the negative effects of hypoxia, such as angiogenesis associated with inflammation, tumor development, or vascular disorders. This vascular signaling is driven by central transcription factors, namely the hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs), which determine the expression of a growing number of genes in endothelial cells and pericytes. HIF functions are tightly regulated by oxygen sensors known as the HIF-prolyl hydroxylase domain proteins (PHDs), which are enzymes that hydroxylate HIFs for eventual proteasomal degradation. HIFs, as well as PHDs, represent attractive therapeutic targets under various pathological settings, including those involving vascular (dys)function. We focus on the characteristics and mechanisms by which vascular cells respond to hypoxia under a variety of conditions.
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27
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Intermittent Hypoxia and Effects on Early Learning/Memory: Exploring the Hippocampal Cellular Effects of Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Anesth Analg 2021; 133:93-103. [PMID: 33234943 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an update on the neurocognitive phenotype of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Pediatric OSA is associated with neurocognitive deficits involving memory, learning, and executive functioning. Adenotonsillectomy (AT) is presently accepted as the first-line surgical treatment for pediatric OSA, but the executive function deficits do not resolve postsurgery, and the timeline for recovery remains unknown. This finding suggests that pediatric OSA potentially causes irreversible damage to multiple areas of the brain. The focus of this review is the hippocampus, 1 of the 2 major sites of postnatal neurogenesis, where new neurons are formed and integrated into existing circuitry and the mammalian center of learning/memory functions. Here, we review the clinical phenotype of pediatric OSA, and then discuss existing studies of OSA on different cell types in the hippocampus during critical periods of development. This will set the stage for future study using preclinical models to understand the pathogenesis of persistent neurocognitive dysfunction in pediatric OSA.
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28
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Eigel D, Werner C, Newland B. Cryogel biomaterials for neuroscience applications. Neurochem Int 2021; 147:105012. [PMID: 33731275 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials in the form of 3D polymeric scaffolds have been used to create structurally and functionally biomimetic constructs of nervous system tissue. Such constructs can be used to model defects and disease or can be used to supplement neuronal tissue regeneration and repair. One such group of biomaterial scaffolds are hydrogels, which have been widely investigated for cell/tissue culture and as cell or molecule delivery systems in the field of neurosciences. However, a subset of hydrogels called cryogels, have shown to possess several distinct structural advantages over conventional hydrogel networks. Their macroporous structure, created via the time and resource efficient fabrication process (cryogelation) not only allows mass fluid transport throughout the structure, but also creates a high surface area to volume ratio for cell growth or drug loading. In addition, the macroporous structure of cryogels is ideal for applications in the central nervous system as they are very soft and spongey, yet also robust, which makes them a user-friendly and reproducible tool to address neuroscience challenges. In this review, we aim to provide the neuroscience community, who may not be familiar with the fundamental concepts of cryogels, an accessible summary of the basic information that pertain to their use in the brain and nervous tissue. We hope that this review shall initiate creative ways that cryogels could be further adapted and employed to tackle unsolved neuroscience challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Eigel
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany; Technische Universität Dresden, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ben Newland
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany; School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, CF10 3NB, Cardiff, Wales, UK.
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29
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Cao Y, Liu H, Zhang J, Dong Y. Circular RNA cZNF292 silence alleviates OGD/R-induced injury through up-regulation of miR-22 in rat neural stem cells (NSCs). ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 48:594-601. [PMID: 32052645 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2020.1725536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a prevailing severe brain damage disease in newborns, and caused by perinatal asphyxia cerebral ischaemia and reperfusion. Here, we investigated the role of cZNF292 in oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)-induced neural stem cells (NSCs) injury, and explored the underlying molecular mechanism.Methods: Before NSCs were subjected to OGD/R treatment, NSCs were transfected with or without overexpressing cZNF292, si-cZNF292 or miR-22 inhibitor. Viability, apoptosis and potential molecular mechanism were examined. Cell viability and apoptotic rate were evaluated utilizing cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry. The cZNF292 and miR-22 expression was determined utilizing quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR). Moreover, apoptosis and Wnt/β-catenin and PKC/ERK pathways-associated proteins were quantified applying western blot.Results: OGD/R repressed viability and promoted apoptosis of NSCs. Also, cZNF292 expression was promoted by OGD/R treatment. Moreover, cZNF292 overexpression further caused OGD/R-stimulated damage. Inversely, silencing cZNF292 alleviated OGD/R-stimulated damage in NSCs. In addition, miR-22 expression was negatively regulated by cZNF292. It was confirmed that silencing cZNF292 attenuated OGD/R-induced NSCs injury and promoted the activation of Wnt/β-catenin and PKC/ERK pathways via the up-regulation of miR-22.Conclusions: The cZNF292 silence alleviated OGD/R-induced injury through the up-regulation of miR-22 in NSCs, and which furnished the theoretical basis for further research on HIE progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Cao
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou, China
| | - Yubin Dong
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou, China
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30
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Othman FA, Tan SC. Preconditioning Strategies to Enhance Neural Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Ischemic Stroke. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10110893. [PMID: 33238363 PMCID: PMC7700351 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10110893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) has been proposed as an alternative novel therapy to replace damaged neural circuitry after ischemic stroke onset. Nonetheless, albeit the potential of these cells for stroke therapy, many critical challenges are yet to be overcome to reach clinical applications. The major limitation of the NSC-based therapy is its inability to retain most of the donor stem cells after grafting into an ischemic brain area which is lacking of essential oxygen and nutrients for the survival of transplanted cells. Low cell survival rate limits the capacity of NSCs to repair the injured area and this poses a much more difficult challenge to the NSC-based therapy for ischemic stroke. In order to enhance the survival of transplanted cells, several stem cell culture preconditioning strategies have been employed. For ischemic diseases, hypoxic preconditioning is the most commonly applied strategy since the last few decades. Now, the preconditioning strategies have been developed and expanded enormously throughout years of efforts. This review systematically presented studies searched from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scopus and the Google Scholar database up to 31 March 2020 based on search words containing the following terms: "precondition" or "pretreatment" and "neural stem cell" and "ischemic stroke". The searched data comprehensively reported seven major NSC preconditioning strategies including hypoxic condition, small drug molecules such as minocycline, doxycycline, interleukin-6, adjudin, sodium butyrate and nicorandil, as well as electrical stimulation using conductive polymer for ischemic stroke treatment. We discussed therapeutic benefits gained from these preconditioned NSC for in vitro and in vivo stroke studies and the detailed insights of the mechanisms underlying these preconditioning approaches. Nonetheless, we noticed that there was a scarcity of evidence on the efficacy of these preconditioned NSCs in human clinical studies, therefore, it is still too early to draw a definitive conclusion on the efficacy and safety of this active compound for patient usage. Thus, we suggest for more in-depth clinical investigations of this cell-based therapy to develop into more conscientious and judicious evidence-based therapy for clinical application in the future.
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31
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Maitra S, Khandelwal N, Kootar S, Sant P, Pathak SS, Reddy S, K. AP, Murty US, Chakravarty S, Kumar A. Histone Lysine Demethylase JMJD2D/KDM4D and Family Members Mediate Effects of Chronic Social Defeat Stress on Mouse Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Mood Disorders. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10110833. [PMID: 33182385 PMCID: PMC7695311 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10110833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression, anxiety and related mood disorders are major psychiatric illnesses worldwide, and chronic stress appears to be one of the primary underlying causes. Therapeutics to treat these debilitating disorders without a relapse are limited due to the incomplete molecular understanding of their etiopathology. In addition to the well-studied genetic component, research in the past two decades has implicated diverse epigenetic mechanisms in mediating the negative effects of chronic stressful events on neural circuits. This includes the cognitive circuitry, where the dynamic hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) neurogenesis gets affected in depression and related affective disorders. Most of these epigenetic studies have focused on the impact of acetylation/deacetylation and methylation of several histone lysine residues on neural gene expression. However, there is a dearth of investigation into the role of demethylation of these lysine residues in chronic stress-induced changes in neurogenesis that results in altered behaviour. Here, using the chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) paradigm to induce depression and anxiety in C57BL/6 mice and ex vivo DG neural stem/progenitor cell (NSCs/NPCs) culture we show the role of the members of the JMJD2/KDM4 family of histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) in mediating stress-induced changes in DG neurogenesis and mood disorders. The study suggests a critical role of JMJD2D in DG neurogenesis. Altered enrichment of JMJD2D on the promoters of Id2 (inhibitor of differentiation 2) and Sox2 (SRY-Box Transcription Factor 2) was observed during proliferation and differentiation of NSCs/NPCs obtained from the DG. This would affect the demethylation of repressive epigenetic mark H3K9, thus activating or repressing these and possibly other genes involved in regulating proliferation and differentiation of DG NSCs/NPCs. Treatment of the NSCs/NPCs culture with Dimethyloxallyl Glycine (DMOG), an inhibitor of JMJDs, led to attenuation in their proliferation capacity. Additionally, systemic administration of DMOG in mice for 10 days induced depression-like and anxiety-like phenotype without any stress exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Maitra
- Applied Biology, CSIR—Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India; (S.M.); (U.S.M.)
| | - Nitin Khandelwal
- Epigenetics & Neuropsychiatric Disorders Laboratory, CSIR—Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Habsiguda, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India; (N.K.); (S.K.); (P.S.); (S.S.P.); (S.R.); (A.P.K.)
| | - Scherazad Kootar
- Epigenetics & Neuropsychiatric Disorders Laboratory, CSIR—Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Habsiguda, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India; (N.K.); (S.K.); (P.S.); (S.S.P.); (S.R.); (A.P.K.)
| | - Pooja Sant
- Epigenetics & Neuropsychiatric Disorders Laboratory, CSIR—Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Habsiguda, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India; (N.K.); (S.K.); (P.S.); (S.S.P.); (S.R.); (A.P.K.)
| | - Salil S. Pathak
- Epigenetics & Neuropsychiatric Disorders Laboratory, CSIR—Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Habsiguda, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India; (N.K.); (S.K.); (P.S.); (S.S.P.); (S.R.); (A.P.K.)
| | - Sujatha Reddy
- Epigenetics & Neuropsychiatric Disorders Laboratory, CSIR—Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Habsiguda, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India; (N.K.); (S.K.); (P.S.); (S.S.P.); (S.R.); (A.P.K.)
| | - Annapoorna P. K.
- Epigenetics & Neuropsychiatric Disorders Laboratory, CSIR—Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Habsiguda, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India; (N.K.); (S.K.); (P.S.); (S.S.P.); (S.R.); (A.P.K.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Upadhyayula Suryanarayana Murty
- Applied Biology, CSIR—Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India; (S.M.); (U.S.M.)
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati 781101, Assam, India
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Applied Biology, CSIR—Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India; (S.M.); (U.S.M.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (A.K.)
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Epigenetics & Neuropsychiatric Disorders Laboratory, CSIR—Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Habsiguda, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India; (N.K.); (S.K.); (P.S.); (S.S.P.); (S.R.); (A.P.K.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (A.K.)
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32
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Lin CQ, Chen LK. Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor promotes the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in hypoxic environments. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:2057-2062. [PMID: 32394962 PMCID: PMC7716052 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.282262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research found that cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) has a protective effect on brain dopaminergic neurons, and CDNF is regarded as a promising therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative diseases. However, the effects of CDNF on the proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of neural stem cells (NSCs), which are very sensitive to hypoxic environments, remain unknown. In this study, NSCs were extracted from the hippocampi of fetal rats and cultured with different concentrations of CDNF. The results showed that 200 nM CDNF was the optimal concentration for significantly increasing the viability of NSCs under non-hypoxic environmental conditions. Then, the cells were cultured with 200 nM CDNF under the hypoxic conditions of 90% N2, 5% CO2, and 5% air for 6 hours. The results showed that CDNF significantly improved the viability of hypoxic NSCs and reduced apoptosis among hypoxic NSCs. The detection of markers showed that CDNF increased the differentiation of hypoxic NSCs into neurons and astrocytes. CDNF also reduced the expression level of Lin28 protein and increased the expression of Let-7 mRNA in NSCs, under hypoxic conditions. In conclusion, we determined that CDNF was able to reverse the adverse proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis effects that normally affect NSCs in a hypoxic environment. Furthermore, the Lin28/Let-7 pathway may be involved in this regulated function of CDNF. The present study was approved by the Laboratory Animal Centre of Southeast University, China (approval No. 20180924006) on September 24, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Qun Lin
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lu-Kui Chen
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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33
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Kong ZL, Hsu YT, Johnson A, Tsai TH, Miao S, He JL, Tsou D. Protective effects of Antrodia camphorata extract against hypoxic cell injury and ischemic stroke brain damage. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1609-1620. [PMID: 33103286 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the most prevalent stroke condition in the world resulted in either a transient ischemic attack or long-lasting neurological problems due to the interrupted or reduced blood flow to the brain. Antrodia camphorata is a well-known medicinal mushroom native to Taiwan and is familiar due to its medicinal effects. The current study investigated the protective effect of A. camphorata-alcohol extracts (AC-AE) against cobalt (II) chloride (CoCl2 )-induced oxidative stress in vitro and ischemia/reperfusion-induced brain injury in vivo. The rats were pre-treated with AC-AE for 4 weeks. Our results showed that AC-AE reduced cell damage and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in C6 and PC12 cells under CoCl2 -induced hypoxic condition. AC-AE doses (385, 770, 1,540 mg/kg/day, 4 weeks) increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA expressions and decreased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expressions in Sprague Dawley rat. Besides, it decreased stroke infarct size and increased the level of antioxidants in both brain and serum. Furthermore, it reduced the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Our results suggested that AC-AE exerted an effective reduction of ischemia stroke by regulating ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zwe-Ling Kong
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Hsu
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan
| | - Athira Johnson
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Han Tsai
- Chi Hsien Spine Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Song Miao
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Jia-Ling He
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan.,Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - David Tsou
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan
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34
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Li W, Lu P, Lu Y, Wei H, Niu X, Xu J, Wang K, Zhang H, Li R, Qiu Z, Wang N, Jia P, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Lu H, Chen X, Liu Y, Zhang P. 17β-Estradiol Protects Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells Against Ketamine-Induced Injury Through Estrogen Receptor β Pathway. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:576813. [PMID: 33100963 PMCID: PMC7556164 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.576813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ketamine inhibits neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) proliferation and disrupts normal neurogenesis in the developing brain. 17β-Estradiol alleviates neurogenesis damage and enhances behavioral performance after ketamine administration. However, the receptor pathway of 17β-estradiol that protects NSPCs from ketamine-induced injury remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated the role of estrogen receptor α (ER-α) and estrogen receptor β (ER-β) in 17β-estradiol’s protection against ketamine-exposed NSPCs and explored its potential mechanism. The primary cultured NSPCs were identified by immunofluorescence and then treated with ketamine and varying doses of ER-α agonist 4,4′,4″-(4-propyl-[1H]-pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl) trisphenol (PPT) or ER-β agonist 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile (DPN) for 24 h. NSPC proliferation was analyzed by 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine incorporation test. The expression of phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3β (p-GSK-3β) was quantified by western blotting. It was found that treatment with different concentrations of PPT did not alter the inhibition of ketamine on NSPC proliferation. However, treatment with DPN attenuated the inhibition of ketamine on NSPC proliferation at 24 h after their exposure (P < 0.05). Furthermore, treatment with DPN increased p-GSK-3β expression in NSPCs exposed to ketamine. These findings indicated that ER-β mediates probably the protective effects of 17β-estradiol on ketamine-damaged NSPC proliferation and GSK-3β is involved in this process
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pan Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haidong Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoli Niu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kui Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhengguo Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pengyu Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuyue Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haixia Lu
- Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinlin Chen
- Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pengbo Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Cozene B, Sadanandan N, Gonzales-Portillo B, Saft M, Cho J, Park YJ, Borlongan CV. An Extra Breath of Fresh Air: Hyperbaric Oxygenation as a Stroke Therapeutic. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091279. [PMID: 32899709 PMCID: PMC7563917 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke serves as a life-threatening disease and continues to face many challenges in the development of safe and effective therapeutic options. The use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) demonstrates pre-clinical effectiveness for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke and reports reductions in oxidative stress, inflammation, and neural apoptosis. These pathophysiological benefits contribute to improved functional recovery. Current pre-clinical and clinical studies are testing the applications of HBOT for stroke neuroprotection, including its use as a preconditioning regimen. Mild oxidative stress may be able to prime the brain to tolerate full extensive oxidative stress that occurs during a stroke, and HBOT preconditioning has displayed efficacy in establishing such ischemic tolerance. In this review, evidence on the use of HBOT following an ischemic stroke is examined, and the potential for HBOT preconditioning as a neuroprotective strategy. Additionally, HBOT as a stem cell preconditioning is also discussed as a promising strategy, thus maximizing the use of HBOT for ischemic stroke.
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Yang Y, Zhao L, Li N, Dai C, Yin N, Chu Z, Duan X, Niu X, Yan P, Lv P. Estrogen Exerts Neuroprotective Effects in Vascular Dementia Rats by Suppressing Autophagy and Activating the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:2100-2112. [PMID: 32719979 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03072-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VD) is a clinical syndrome of acquired cognitive dysfunction caused by various cerebrovascular factors. Estrogen is a steroid hormone involved in promoting neuronal survival and in regulating many signaling pathways. However, the mechanism by which it confers neuroprotective effects in VD remains unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of estrogen on neuronal injury and cognitive impairment in VD rats. Adult female rats were randomly divided into four groups (sham, model, estrogen early and estrogen later treatment) and received sham surgery or bilateral ovariectomy and permanent occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries (BCCAO). The early treatment group received daily intraperitoneal injections of 17β-estradiol (100 µg/kg/day) for 8 weeks starting the day after BCCAO. The later treatment group was administered the same starting 1 week after BCCAO. Learning and memory functions were assessed using the Morris water maze. Morphological changes within the hippocampal CA1 region were observed by hematoxylin/eosin staining and electron microscopy. Expression of proteins associated with autophagy and signaling were detected by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot. We found that estrogen significantly alleviated cognitive damage and neuronal injury and reduced the expression of Beclin1 and LC3B, indicating a suppression of autophagy. Moreover, estrogen enhanced expression of β-catenin and Cyclin D1, while reducing glycogen synthase kinase 3β, suggesting activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. These results indicate that estrogen ameliorates learning and memory deficiencies in VD rats, and that this neuroprotective effect may be explained by the suppression of autophagy and activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.,Department of Gynecology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Gynecology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Congwei Dai
- Department of Gynecology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Nan Yin
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Zhaoping Chu
- Department of Gynecology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Xiaoyan Duan
- Department of Gynecology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Xiaoli Niu
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Ping Yan
- Department of Gynecology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Peiyuan Lv
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China.
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Glia and Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells of the Healthy and Ischemic Brain: The Workplace for the Wnt Signaling Pathway. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11070804. [PMID: 32708801 PMCID: PMC7397164 DOI: 10.3390/genes11070804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays an important role in the self-renewal, fate-commitment and survival of the neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs) of the adult central nervous system (CNS). Ischemic stroke impairs the proper functioning of the CNS and, therefore, active Wnt signaling may prevent, ameliorate, or even reverse the negative effects of ischemic brain injury. In this review, we provide the current knowledge of Wnt signaling in the adult CNS, its status in diverse cell types, and the Wnt pathway’s impact on the properties of NS/PCs and glial cells in the context of ischemic injury. Finally, we summarize promising strategies that might be considered for stroke therapy, and we outline possible future directions of the field.
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Saieva L, Barreca MM, Zichittella C, Prado MG, Tripodi M, Alessandro R, Conigliaro A. Hypoxia-Induced miR-675-5p Supports β-Catenin Nuclear Localization by Regulating GSK3-β Activity in Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113832. [PMID: 32481626 PMCID: PMC7312749 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The reduction of oxygen partial pressure in growing tumors triggers numerous survival strategies driven by the transcription factor complex HIF1 (Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1). Recent evidence revealed that HIF1 promotes rapid and effective phenotypic changes through the induction of non-coding RNAs, whose contribution has not yet been fully described. Here we investigated the role of the hypoxia-induced, long non-coding RNA H19 (lncH19) and its intragenic miRNA (miR-675-5p) into HIF1-Wnt crosstalk. During hypoxic stimulation, colorectal cancer cell lines up-regulated the levels of both the lncH19 and its intragenic miR-675-5p. Loss of expression experiments revealed that miR-675-5p inhibition, in hypoxic cells, hampered β-catenin nuclear localization and its transcriptional activity, while lncH19 silencing did not induce the same effects. Interestingly, our data revealed that miRNA inhibition in hypoxic cells restored the activity of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β (GSK-3β) reducing the amount of P-Ser9 kinase, thus unveiling a role of the miR-675-5p in controlling GSK-3β activity. Bioinformatics analyses highlighted the serine/threonine-protein phosphatases PPP2CA, responsible for GSK-3β activation, among the miR-675-5p targets, thus indicating the molecular mediator through which miR-675-5p may control β-catenin nuclear localization. In conclusion, here we demonstrated that the inhibition of the hypoxia-induced non-coding RNA miR-675-5p hampered the nuclear localization of β-catenin by regulating GSK-3β activity, thus proposing the miR-675-5p as a new therapeutic target for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Saieva
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (L.S.); (M.M.B.); (C.Z.); (R.A.)
| | - Maria Magdalena Barreca
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (L.S.); (M.M.B.); (C.Z.); (R.A.)
| | - Chiara Zichittella
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (L.S.); (M.M.B.); (C.Z.); (R.A.)
| | - Maria Giulia Prado
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome Italy; (M.G.P.); (M.T.)
| | - Marco Tripodi
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome Italy; (M.G.P.); (M.T.)
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, IRCCS, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (L.S.); (M.M.B.); (C.Z.); (R.A.)
| | - Alice Conigliaro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (L.S.); (M.M.B.); (C.Z.); (R.A.)
- Correspondence:
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Yin W, Xu J, Li C, Dai X, Wu T, Wen J. Plantamajoside inhibits the proliferation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma cells via modulating hypoxia-inducible factor-1α-dependent gene expression. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:1616-1627. [PMID: 32239594 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As a potential antitumor herbal medicine, plantamajoside (PMS) benefits the treatment of many human malignances. However, the role of PMS in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the related molecular mechanisms is still unknown. Here, we proved that the cell viabilities of HepG2 cells were gradually decreased with the increasing concentrations of CoCl2 and/or PMS via cell counting kit-8 assay. Meanwhile, 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and western blot assays were used to further confirm that PMS inhibited the CoCl2 -induced cell proliferation in HepG2 cells via suppressing the Ki67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expressions. We also performed wound-healing and transwell assays and demonstrated that PMS inhibited CoCl2 -induced migration and invasion in HepG2 cells via suppressing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. In addition, the use of 3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole further proved that PMS inhibited the malignant biological behaviors of HepG2 cells under hypoxic condition by suppressing the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression. Besides, we further confirmed that PMS suppressed the growth and metastasis of implanted tumors in vivo. Given that PMS suppressed the proliferation and EMT induced by CoCl2 in HCC cells via downregulating HIF-1α signaling pathway, we provided evidence that PMS might be a novel anti-cancer drug for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhe Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiankui Dai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jifeng Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Hansen JM, Jones DP, Harris C. The Redox Theory of Development. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:715-740. [PMID: 31891515 PMCID: PMC7047088 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The geological record shows that as atmospheric O2 levels increased, it concomitantly coincided with the evolution of metazoans. More complex, higher organisms contain a more cysteine-rich proteome, potentially as a means to regulate homeostatic responses in a more O2-rich environment. Regulation of redox-sensitive processes to control development is likely to be evolutionarily conserved. Recent Advances: During early embryonic development, the conceptus is exposed to varying levels of O2. Oxygen and redox-sensitive elements can be regulated to promote normal development, defined as changes to cellular mass, morphology, biochemistry, and function, suggesting that O2 is a developmental morphogen. During periods of O2 fluctuation, embryos are "reprogrammed," on the genomic and metabolic levels. Reprogramming imparts changes to particular redox couples (nodes) that would support specific post-translational modifications (PTMs), targeting the cysteine proteome to regulate protein function and development. Critical Issues: Major developmental events such as stem cell expansion, proliferation, differentiation, migration, and cell fate decisions are controlled through oxidative PTMs of cysteine-based redox nodes. As such, timely coordinated redox regulation of these events yields normal developmental outcomes and viable species reproduction. Disruption of normal redox signaling can produce adverse developmental outcomes. Future Directions: Furthering our understanding of the redox-sensitive processes/pathways, the nature of the regulatory PTMs involved in development and periods of activation/sensitivity to specific developmental pathways would greatly support the theory of redox regulation of development, and would also provide rationale and direction to more fully comprehend poor developmental outcomes, such as dysmorphogenesis, functional deficits, and preterm embryonic death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M. Hansen
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Dean P. Jones
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Craig Harris
- Toxicology Program, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Guo K, Yao X, Wu W, Yu Z, Li Z, Ma Z, Liu D. HIF-1α/SDF-1/CXCR4 axis reduces neuronal apoptosis via enhancing the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell migration in rats with traumatic brain injury. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 114:104416. [PMID: 32165091 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal injection is a promising therapy for traumatic brain injury (TBI). The aim of this study was to explore the effects of the HIF-1α/SDF-1/CXCR4 axis on neuron repair in TBI rats through improving the bone marrow-derived mesenchymalstromal cells (BMSCs) migration. TBI rat models were established. The rats were treated with exogenous SDF-1, and then the neuronal apoptosis in TBI rats was measured. BMSCs from rats were collected, and the roles of NF-κB p65 expression in nuclei, overexpression of SDF-1 and HIF-1α, as well as downregulation of CXCR4 in BMSC migration were identified. HIF-1α- and SDF-1- treated BMSCs were transplanted into TBI rats, after which the neuronal apoptosis and activity of the HIF-1α/SDF-1/CXCR4 axis were detected. Consequently, we found SDF-1 elevated the HIF-1α/SDF-1/CXCR4 activity and presented protective roles in TBI rat hippocampal neurons with reduced neuronal apoptosis. SDF-1 promoted BMSC migration in vitro, and co-effects of SDF-1 and HIF-1α showed strong promotion, while CXCR4 inhibition suppressed BMSC migration. BMSC transplantation activated the HIF-1α/SDF-1/CXCR4 axis and reduced neuronal apoptosis in TBI rats. To conclude, our study demonstrated that the HIF-1α/SDF-1/CXCR4 axis could enhance BMSC migration and alleviate neuronal damage and apoptosis in TBI rats. This study provided novel options for TBI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xingtai People's Hospital, Xingtai 054031, Hebei, PR China
| | - Xinyu Yao
- Department of Anesthesia, Xingtai People's Hospital, Xingtai 054031, Hebei, PR China
| | - Weijing Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xingtai People's Hospital, Xingtai 054031, Hebei, PR China
| | - Ziyi Yu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit,Tangshan Worker Hospital, Tangshan 063000, Hebei, PR China
| | - Zhenzhong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xingtai People's Hospital, Xingtai 054031, Hebei, PR China
| | - Zenglu Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xingtai People's Hospital, Xingtai 054031, Hebei, PR China
| | - Dengxiang Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Xingtai People's Hospital, Xingtai 054031, Hebei, PR China.
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Oxidative DNA Damage Signalling in Neural Stem Cells in Alzheimer's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2149812. [PMID: 31814869 PMCID: PMC6877938 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2149812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The main pathological symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are β-amyloid (Aβ) lesions and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Unfortunately, existing symptomatic therapies targeting Aβ and tau remain ineffective. In addition to these pathogenic factors, oxidative DNA damage is one of the major threats to newborn neurons. It is necessary to consider in detail what causes neurons to be extremely susceptible to oxidative damage, especially in the early stages of development. Accordingly, the regulation of redox status is crucial for the functioning of neural stem cells (NSCs). The redox-dependent balance, of NSC proliferation and differentiation and thus the neurogenesis process, is controlled by a series of signalling pathways. One of the most important signalling pathways activated after oxidative stress is the DNA damage response (DDR). Unfortunately, our understanding of adult neurogenesis in AD is still limited due to the research material used (animal models or post-mortem tissue), providing inconsistent data. Now, thanks to the advances in cellular reprogramming providing patient NSCs, it is possible to fill this gap, which becomes urgent in the light of the potential of their therapeutic use. Therefore, a decent review of redox signalling in NSCs under physiological and pathological conditions is required. At this moment, we attempt to integrate knowledge on the influence of oxidative stress and DDR signalling in NSCs on adult neurogenesis in Alzheimer's disease.
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Huang R, Jin X, Gao Y, Yuan H, Wang F, Cao X. DZNep inhibits Hif-1α and Wnt signalling molecules to attenuate the proliferation and invasion of BGC-823 gastric cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:4308-4316. [PMID: 31579098 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
3-deazaneplanocin A (DZNep) is a histone methyltransferase inhibitor, which may cause the reactivation of silenced tumor suppressor genes in tumors to inhibit the development, metastasis and dissemination of tumor cells. However, the effects and mechanisms of its application in gastric cancer remain unclear. The present study revealed an inhibitory function of DZNep in BGC-823 cells. The cell colony, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8), wound healing, Transwell and flow cytometry assays were performed, and the results demonstrated that DZNep could inhibit the proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of BGC-823 cells, and promote their apoptosis. The effects of intervention in BDC-823 cells with DZNep on the RNA and protein expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor (Hif-1α) and Wnt/β-catenin signalling molecules were further examined using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that different concentrations of DZNep could inhibit the expression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) protein, decrease the RNA and protein expression levels of Hif-1α, total β-catenin and phosphorylated-β-catenin and increase the expression levels of non-phosphorylated-β-catenin to different degrees. The results of the present study suggests that DZNep inhibits BGC-823 gastric cancer cells via the inhibition of EZH2, Hif-1α and Wnt/β-catenin signalling molecules. These results provide theoretical basis for the application of DZNep in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Xiu Jin
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Yongying Gao
- Department of Neurology, Ningxia People's Hospital, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Yuan
- Department of Ultrasound, Ningxia People's Hospital, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, P.R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Xiangmei Cao
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
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Wang Y, Zhang L, Jin H, Wang D. Based on HIF-1 α/Wnt/ β-Catenin Pathway to Explore the Effect of Qingshen Granules on Chronic Renal Failure Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:7656105. [PMID: 31354858 PMCID: PMC6633969 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7656105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Objectives. This study investigates the effect of Qingshen Granules (QSG) on chronic renal failure patients and the HIF-1α/Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Methods. Subjects were randomly divided into treatment and control groups, with 42 patients in each group. Participants in the treatment group received 10 g oral doses of QSG 3 times a day, for 12 weeks, whereas subjects in the control group were given a placebo. The effective rates of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptom, serum creatinine (Scr), and estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) as well as the serum levels of HIF-1α, Wnt1, β-catenin, α-SMA, and E-cadherin were evaluated. Results. Eighty patients completed the treatment program and two dropped out. After 12 weeks, the effective rates of TCM symptom and eGFR were found to be higher in the treatment group than in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P = 0.024 and 0.019, respectively). Meanwhile, lower levels of HIF-1α, Wnt1, β-catenin, α-SMA, and E-cadherin were detected in the treatment group, and the differences were statistically significant (P ≤ 0.001, P = 0.001, P ≤ 0.001, P ≤ 0.001, and P = 0.039). No adverse events occurred during the study. Conclusions. QSG can alleviate the clinical symptoms of chronic renal failure (CRF) and protect renal function in patients by influencing the HIF-1α/Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The treatment exhibits no adverse effects and is thus safe to be used by humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Graduated School of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Hua Jin
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China
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Gao Y, Yin H, Zhang Y, Dong Y, Yang F, Wu X, Liu H. Dexmedetomidine protects hippocampal neurons against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis through activation HIF-1α/p53 signaling. Life Sci 2019; 232:116611. [PMID: 31260683 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To observe the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on mitochondrial apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) brain injury in developing rats, and to investigate its regulatory mechanism on HIF-1α/p53 signaling pathway. METHODS Hypoxia/reoxygenation model was used in this study. TUNEL assay was performed to detect cell apoptosis. Immunohistochemical analysis and Western-blotting analysis were conducted to detect Cytochrome-C (Cyt-c), APAF-1, Caspase-3, Neuroglobin (Ngb), HIF-1α and p53 expression. After 28 days, Morris water maze (MWM) was performed. RESULTS 50 μg/kg DEX improved H/R-induced brain injury and inhibited mitochondrial apoptosis in rats. Western-blotting and Immunohistochemical results demonstrated that DEX could up-regulate Ngb through α2 receptor to inhibit H/R-induced mitochondrial apoptosis. In addition, by adding inhibitors yohimbine and 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2), we found that DEX could activate HIF-1α/p53 signaling pathway. MWM test showed that DEX could enhance long-term learning and memory of H/R brain injury rats. CONCLUSION DEX alleviates H/R-induced brain injury and mitochondrial apoptosis in developing rats through α2 receptor, which may be related to activation of HIF-1α/p53 signaling pathway to up-regulate the expression of Ngb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, PR China; Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University Hebei, Zhangjiakou 075000, PR China
| | - Hong Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yongfang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yunxia Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Xiuying Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, PR China.
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Lee HJ, Ahn SM, Pak ME, Jung DH, Lee SY, Shin HK, Choi BT. Positive effects of α-asarone on transplanted neural progenitor cells in a murine model of ischemic stroke. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 51:151-161. [PMID: 30466612 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some traditional Oriental herbal medicines, such as Acorus tatarinowii and Acorus gramineus, produce beneficial effects for cognition enhancement. An active compound in rhizomes and the bark of these plants is α-asarone. PURPOSE This study investigated the effects of α-asarone on the proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in a primary culture and a murine model of ischemic stroke. METHODS NPCs were isolated from mouse fetal cerebral cortices on embryonic day 15, and all experiments were performed using passage 3 NPCs. We utilized a cell counting kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, western blot, and immunohistochemical analysis to assess proliferation and differentiation of NPCs and employed α-asarone in NPC transplanted ischemic stroke mice to evaluate stroke-related functional recovery using behavioral and immunohistochemical analysis. RESULT Treatment with 1 µM, 3 µM, or 10 μM α-asarone induced significant NPC proliferation compared to vehicle treatment. Induced NPCs expressed the neuronal marker neuronal nuclei (NeuN) or the astrocyte marker S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100β). Both immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry revealed that treatment with α-asarone increased the number of NeuN-immunoreactive cells and decreased the number of S100β-immunoreactive cells. Treatment with α-asarone also increased the expression of β-catenin, cyclin D1, and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) compared to vehicle treatment. In a murine model of ischemic stroke, treatment with α-asarone and transplanted NPCs alleviated stroke-related functional impairments. The corner and rotarod test results revealed that treatment with α-asarone in the NPC transplanted group had greater-than-additive effects on sensorimotor function and motor balance. Moreover, α-asarone treatment promoted the differentiation of transplanted NPCs into NeuN-, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-, platelet-derived growth factor-α (PDGFR-α)-, and 2', 3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase)-immunoreactive cells. CONCLUSION α-asarone may promote NPC proliferation and differentiation into neuron-lineage cells by activating β-catenin, cyclin D1, and ERK. Moreover, α-asarone treatment facilitated neurofunctional recovery after NPC transplantation in a murine model of ischemic stroke. Therefore, α-asarone is a potential adjunct treatment to NPC therapy for functional restoration after brain injuries such as ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ju Lee
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Graduate Training Program of Korean Medicine for Healthy-Aging, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Min Ahn
- Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.
| | - Malk Eun Pak
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Graduate Training Program of Korean Medicine for Healthy-Aging, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.
| | - Da Hee Jung
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Graduate Training Program of Korean Medicine for Healthy-Aging, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seo-Yeon Lee
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Graduate Training Program of Korean Medicine for Healthy-Aging, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hwa Kyoung Shin
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Graduate Training Program of Korean Medicine for Healthy-Aging, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung Tae Choi
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Graduate Training Program of Korean Medicine for Healthy-Aging, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.
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Kukolj T, Trivanović D, Mojsilović S, Okić Djordjević I, Obradović H, Krstić J, Jauković A, Bugarski D. IL-33 guides osteogenesis and increases proliferation and pluripotency marker expression in dental stem cells. Cell Prolif 2018; 52:e12533. [PMID: 30430681 PMCID: PMC6430470 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Soluble IL‐33 (interleukin (IL)‐1‐like cytokine) acts as endogenous alarm signal (alarmin). Since alarmins, besides activating immune system, act to restore tissue homeostasis, we investigated whether IL‐33 exerts beneficial effects on oral stem cell pull. Materials and Methods Clonogenicity, proliferation, differentiation and senescence of stem cells derived from human periodontal ligament (PDLSCs) and dental pulp (DPSCs) were determined after in vitro exposure to IL‐33. Cellular changes were detected by flow cytometry, Western blot, immunocytochemistry and semiquantitative RT‐PCR. Results IL‐33 stimulated proliferation, clonogenicity and expression of pluripotency markers, OCT‐4, SOX‐2 and NANOG, but it inhibited ALP activity and mineralization in both PDLSCs and DPSCs. Higher Ki67 expression and reduced β‐galactosidase activity in IL‐33‐treated cells were demonstrated, whereas these trends were more conspicuous in osteogenic medium. However, after 7‐day IL‐33 pretreatment, differentiation capacity of IL‐33‐pretreated cells was retained, and increased ALP activity was observed in both cell types. Results showed that IL‐33 regulates NF‐κB and β‐catenin signalling, indicating the association of these molecules with changes observed in IL‐33‐treated PDLSCs and DPSCs, particularly their proliferation, pluripotency‐associated marker expression and osteogenesis. Conclusions IL‐33 treatment impairs osteogenesis of PDLSCs and DPSCs, while increases their clonogenicity, proliferation and pluripotency marker expression. After exposure to IL‐33, osteogenic capacity of cells stayed intact. NF‐κB and β‐catenin are implicated in the effects achieved by IL‐33 in PDLSCs and DPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Kukolj
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Drenka Trivanović
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavko Mojsilović
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Okić Djordjević
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Hristina Obradović
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Krstić
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Jauković
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Diana Bugarski
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Hughes A, Dhoot GK. Dysregulated cancer cell transdifferentiation into erythrocytes is an additional metabolic stress in hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2018; 40:1010428318811467. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428318811467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of human and canine hepatocellular carcinoma tissues showed clear signs of hypoxia indicated by HIF1α-activation and the presence of large clusters of cells resembling erythrocytes at different stages of nuclear elimination without any defined endothelial cell lining or blood vessel walls. Differentiated erythrocytic identity of such cells in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues was apparent from their non-nucleated and evolving basophilic to eosinophilic staining characteristics. In addition to the fully differentiated non-nucleated mesenchymal cell clusters, the onset of erythroblastic transdifferentiation was apparent from the activation of Glycophorin A, a marker of erythrocytic progenitors, in some epithelial cancer cells. Activation of canonical Wnt signalling in such tumours was apparent from the expression of Wnt2 ligand and active β-catenin translocation into the nucleus indicating Wnt signalling to be one of the key signalling pathways participating in such cell transdifferentiation. Sonic hedgehog and bone morphogenetic protein signalling along with Sulf1/Sulf2 activation was also observed in such hepatocellular carcinoma tissue samples. The presence of stem cell markers and the cell signalling pathways associated with erythropoiesis, and the detection of messenger RNAs for both α and β haemoglobins, support the assumption that hepatocellular carcinoma cells have the potential to undergo cell fate change despite this process being dysregulated as indicated by the lack of simultaneous generation of endothelial cell lining. Lack of blood vessel walls or endothelial cell lining around erythrocytic clusters was confirmed by non-detection of multiple blood vessel markers such as vWF, CD146 and smooth muscle α-actin that were clearly apparent in normal and unaffected adjacent regions of hepatocellular carcinoma livers. In addition to the activation of Glycophorin A, transdifferentiation of some hepatocellular carcinoma hepatocytes into other cell fates was further confirmed by the activation of some stem cell markers, for example, NANOG and OCT4 transcription factors, not only by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction but also by their restricted expression in such cells at protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Hughes
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Gurtej K Dhoot
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
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Li Y, Wu L, Yu M, Yang F, Wu B, Lu S, Tu M, Xu H. HIF-1α is Critical for the Activation of Notch Signaling in Neurogenesis During Acute Epilepsy. Neuroscience 2018; 394:206-219. [PMID: 30394322 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that hypoxia-inducible factors (specifically, HIF-1α) and Notch signaling are involved in epileptogenesis and that cross-coupling exists between HIF-1α and Notch signaling in other diseases, including tumors and ischemia. However, the exact molecular mechanisms by which HIF-1α and Notch signaling affect the development of epilepsy, especially regarding neurogenesis, remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of HIF-1α in neurogenesis and whether Notch signaling is involved in this process during epileptogenesis by assessing hippocampal apoptosis, neuronal injury, and the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in four groups, including control, epilepsy, epilepsy+2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2) and epilepsy+GSI-IX (DAPT) groups. Our data demonstrated that HIF-1α mediated neurogenesis during acute epilepsy, which required the participation of Notch signaling. The immunoprecipitation data illustrated that HIF-1α activated Notch signaling by physically interacting with the Notch intracellular domain (NICD) in epilepsy. In conclusion, our results suggested that HIF-1α-Notch signaling enhanced neurogenesis in acute epilepsy and that neurogenesis during epileptogenesis was reduced once this pathway was blocked; thus, members of this pathway might be potential therapeutic targets for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushuang Li
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Minhua Yu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Shuting Lu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Mengqi Tu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Haibo Xu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China.
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Li H, Li X, Jing X, Li M, Ren Y, Chen J, Yang C, Wu H, Guo F. Hypoxia promotes maintenance of the chondrogenic phenotype in rat growth plate chondrocytes through the HIF-1α/YAP signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:3181-3192. [PMID: 30320354 PMCID: PMC6202095 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo‑yes‑associated protein (YAP) signaling pathway was previously identified to serve an important role in controlling chondrocyte differentiation and post‑natal growth. Growth plate cartilage tissue is avascular, and hypoxia‑inducible factor (HIF)‑1α is essential for chondrocytes to maintain their chondrogenic phenotype in a hypoxic environment. In the present study, the role of hypoxia and HIF‑1α in the regulation of YAP in chondrocytes was investigated. The data demonstrated that hypoxia promoted the maintenance of the chondrogenic phenotype, HIF‑1α expression and YAP activation in chondrocytes in a time‑dependent manner. Hypoxia promoted YAP activation in a Hippo‑independent manner. Inhibiting the expression of HIF‑1α decreased the activation of YAP and downregulated the expression of sex‑determining region‑box 9 protein (SOX9) under hypoxic conditions, while the upregulation of HIF‑1α by cobalt chloride promoted the expression and nuclear translocation of YAP and upregulated the expression of SOX9 and collagen II chain under normoxic conditions. In addition, inhibition of YAP expression under hypoxia did not affect the expression of the HIF‑1α signaling pathway, but inhibited the up‑regulation of SOX9 expression caused by hypoxia. In addition, reoxygenation following hypoxia inhibited the activation of YAP caused by hypoxia in chondrocytes, whereas the upregulation of SOX9 and collagen II chain also appeared to be inhibited. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that hypoxia promoted YAP activation via HIF‑1α. Therefore, the HIF‑1α/YAP signaling axis may serve an important role in controlling growth plate chondrocyte differentiation and the maintenance of the chondrogenic phenotype in growth plate chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Xingzhi Jing
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Mi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Ye Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Jingyuan Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Caihong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Fengjing Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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