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Dai J, Feng Y, Liao Y, Tan L, Sun Y, Song C, Qiu X, Ding C. Virus infection and sphingolipid metabolism. Antiviral Res 2024:105942. [PMID: 38908521 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Cellular sphingolipids have vital roles in human virus replication and spread as they are exploited by viruses for cell entry, membrane fusion, genome replication, assembly, budding, and propagation. Intracellular sphingolipid biosynthesis triggers conformational changes in viral receptors and facilitates endosomal escape. However, our current understanding of how sphingolipids precisely regulate viral replication is limited, and further research is required to comprehensively understand the relationships between viral replication and endogenous sphingolipid species. Emerging evidence now suggests that targeting and manipulating sphingolipid metabolism enzymes in host cells is a promising strategy to effectively combat viral infections. Additionally, serum sphingolipid species and concentrations could function as potential serum biomarkers to help monitor viral infection status in different patients. In this work, we comprehensively review the literature to clarify how viruses exploit host sphingolipid metabolism to accommodate viral replication and disrupt host innate immune responses. We also provide valuable insights on the development and use of antiviral drugs in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Dai
- Experimental Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563099, China
| | - Yiyi Feng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241; Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology and Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi China
| | - Ying Liao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241
| | - Lei Tan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241
| | - Cuiping Song
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241
| | - Xusheng Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241.
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, P. R. China.
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Zheng Q, Liu L, Guo X, Zhu F, Huang Y, Qin Q, Huang X. Fish ELOVL7a is involved in virus replication via lipid metabolic reprogramming. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 149:109530. [PMID: 38570120 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The elongation of very long chain fatty acids (ELOVL) proteins are key rate-limiting enzymes that catalyze fatty acid synthesis to form long chain fatty acids. ELOVLs also play regulatory roles in the lipid metabolic reprogramming induced by mammalian viruses. However, little is known about the roles of fish ELOVLs during virus infection. Here, a homolog of ELOVL7 was cloned from Epinephelus coioides (EcELOVL7a), and its roles in red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) and Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) infection were investigated. The transcription level of EcELOVL7a was significantly increased upon RGNNV and SGIV infection or other pathogen-associated molecular patterns stimulation in grouper spleen (GS) cells. Subcellular localization analysis showed that EcELOVL7a encoded an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) related protein. Overexpression of EcELOVL7a promoted the viral production and virus release during SGIV and RGNNV infection. Furthermore, the lipidome profiling showed that EcELOVL7a overexpression reprogrammed cellular lipid components in vitro, evidenced by the increase of glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids and glycerides components. In addition, VLCFAs including FFA (20:2), FFA (20:4), FFA (22:4), FFA (22:5) and FFA (24:0), were enriched in EcELOVL7a overexpressed cells. Consistently, EcELOVL7a overexpression upregulated the transcription level of the key lipid metabolic enzymes, including fatty acid synthase (FASN), phospholipase A 2α (PLA 2α), and cyclooxygenases -2 (COX-2), LPIN1, and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1α (DGAT1α). Together, our results firstly provided the evidence that fish ELOVL7a played an essential role in SGIV and RGNNV replication by reprogramming lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zheng
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lin Liu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xixi Guo
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Fengyi Zhu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Youhua Huang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou, 511464, China
| | - Qiwei Qin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou, 511464, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, 519082, China.
| | - Xiaohong Huang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou, 511464, China.
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Xu HS, Chen Y, Patel A, Wang Z, McDonough C, Guo TL. Chronic exposure to nanocellulose altered depression-related behaviors in mice on a western diet: The role of immune modulation and the gut microbiome. Life Sci 2023; 335:122259. [PMID: 37949212 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To determine if cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) have potential applications as food additives. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice on a Western diet were exposed to CNF for one month at a dose of 30 mg/kg by gavage. Male NOD mice, a model for type 1 diabetes (T1D), were used in a six-month study. KEY FINDINGS Sequencing analysis of 16S rRNA genes suggested significant changes in gut microbiome of male C57BL/6 mice exposed to CNF. Analysis of functional metagenomics indicated that many of the functional contents that might be altered following CNF ingestion were associated with lipid and carbohydrate processing. Further studies in NOD mice suggested that there were some decreases in the blood glucose levels during the insulin tolerance test and glucose tolerance test following CNF treatment. However, these small decreases were not considered biologically meaningful as there were no significant changes in either the area under the curve or the first-order rate constant for glucose disappearance. Moreover, serum concentrations of cytokines/chemokines including IL-3, IL-12(p70) and the keratinocyte chemoattractant were increased following chronic exposure to CNF. In addition, behavioral studies suggested that the percentage of immobility time during the tail-suspension test was significantly increased following six months of exposure to CNF in NOD mice, signifying an increase in depression-related behavior. SIGNIFICANCE Collectively, long-term CNF consumption was associated with changes in the ecology of the gut microbiome, immune homeostasis, and possibly energy metabolism and mental health in male NOD mice on a Western diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Shibo Xu
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Yingjia Chen
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Avani Patel
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Callie McDonough
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Tai L Guo
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Thomas S, Samuel SV, Hoch A, Syphurs C, Diray-Arce J. The Implication of Sphingolipids in Viral Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17303. [PMID: 38139132 PMCID: PMC10743733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are involved in cell signaling and metabolic pathways, and their metabolites play a critical role in host defense against intracellular pathogens. Here, we review the known mechanisms of sphingolipids in viral infections and discuss the potential implication of the study of sphingolipid metabolism in vaccine and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanya Thomas
- Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (S.T.); (A.H.); (C.S.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Stephen Varghese Samuel
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore 632004, India
| | - Annmarie Hoch
- Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (S.T.); (A.H.); (C.S.)
| | - Caitlin Syphurs
- Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (S.T.); (A.H.); (C.S.)
| | - Joann Diray-Arce
- Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (S.T.); (A.H.); (C.S.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
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Toro DM, da Silva-Neto PV, de Carvalho JCS, Fuzo CA, Pérez MM, Pimentel VE, Fraga-Silva TFC, Oliveira CNS, Caruso GR, Vilela AFL, Nobre-Azevedo P, Defelippo-Felippe TV, Argolo JGM, Degiovani AM, Ostini FM, Feitosa MR, Parra RS, Vilar FC, Gaspar GG, da Rocha JJR, Feres O, Costa GP, Maruyama SRC, Russo EMS, Fernandes APM, Santos IKFM, Malheiro A, Sadikot RT, Bonato VLD, Cardoso CRB, Dias-Baruffi M, Trapé ÁA, Faccioli LH, Sorgi CA. Plasma Sphingomyelin Disturbances: Unveiling Its Dual Role as a Crucial Immunopathological Factor and a Severity Prognostic Biomarker in COVID-19. Cells 2023; 12:1938. [PMID: 37566018 PMCID: PMC10417089 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers distinct patterns of disease development characterized by significant alterations in host regulatory responses. Severe cases exhibit profound lung inflammation and systemic repercussions. Remarkably, critically ill patients display a "lipid storm", influencing the inflammatory process and tissue damage. Sphingolipids (SLs) play pivotal roles in various cellular and tissue processes, including inflammation, metabolic disorders, and cancer. In this study, we employed high-resolution mass spectrometry to investigate SL metabolism in plasma samples obtained from control subjects (n = 55), COVID-19 patients (n = 204), and convalescent individuals (n = 77). These data were correlated with inflammatory parameters associated with the clinical severity of COVID-19. Additionally, we utilized RNAseq analysis to examine the gene expression of enzymes involved in the SL pathway. Our analysis revealed the presence of thirty-eight SL species from seven families in the plasma of study participants. The most profound alterations in the SL species profile were observed in patients with severe disease. Notably, a predominant sphingomyelin (SM d18:1) species emerged as a potential biomarker for COVID-19 severity, showing decreased levels in the plasma of convalescent individuals. Elevated SM levels were positively correlated with age, hospitalization duration, clinical score, and neutrophil count, as well as the production of IL-6 and IL-8. Intriguingly, we identified a putative protective effect against disease severity mediated by SM (d18:1/24:0), while ceramide (Cer) species (d18:1/24:1) and (d18:1/24:0)were associated with increased risk. Moreover, we observed the enhanced expression of key enzymes involved in the SL pathway in blood cells from severe COVID-19 patients, suggesting a primary flow towards Cer generation in tandem with SM synthesis. These findings underscore the potential of SM as a prognostic biomarker for COVID-19 and highlight promising pharmacological targets. By targeting sphingolipid pathways, novel therapeutic strategies may emerge to mitigate the severity of COVID-19 and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Mota Toro
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto–FCFRP, University of Sao Paulo–USP, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil; (D.M.T.); (P.V.d.S.-N.); (J.C.S.d.C.); (C.A.F.); (M.M.P.); (V.E.P.); (C.N.S.O.); (G.R.C.); (E.M.S.R.); (C.R.B.C.); (M.D.-B.); (L.H.F.)
- Postgraduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology–PPGIBA, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas–UFAM, Manaus 69080-900, AM, Brazil;
| | - Pedro V. da Silva-Neto
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto–FCFRP, University of Sao Paulo–USP, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil; (D.M.T.); (P.V.d.S.-N.); (J.C.S.d.C.); (C.A.F.); (M.M.P.); (V.E.P.); (C.N.S.O.); (G.R.C.); (E.M.S.R.); (C.R.B.C.); (M.D.-B.); (L.H.F.)
- Postgraduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology–PPGIBA, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas–UFAM, Manaus 69080-900, AM, Brazil;
| | - Jonatan C. S. de Carvalho
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto–FCFRP, University of Sao Paulo–USP, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil; (D.M.T.); (P.V.d.S.-N.); (J.C.S.d.C.); (C.A.F.); (M.M.P.); (V.E.P.); (C.N.S.O.); (G.R.C.); (E.M.S.R.); (C.R.B.C.); (M.D.-B.); (L.H.F.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto–FFCLRP, University of São Paulo–USP, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil; (A.F.L.V.); (P.N.-A.); (T.V.D.-F.)
| | - Carlos A. Fuzo
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto–FCFRP, University of Sao Paulo–USP, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil; (D.M.T.); (P.V.d.S.-N.); (J.C.S.d.C.); (C.A.F.); (M.M.P.); (V.E.P.); (C.N.S.O.); (G.R.C.); (E.M.S.R.); (C.R.B.C.); (M.D.-B.); (L.H.F.)
| | - Malena M. Pérez
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto–FCFRP, University of Sao Paulo–USP, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil; (D.M.T.); (P.V.d.S.-N.); (J.C.S.d.C.); (C.A.F.); (M.M.P.); (V.E.P.); (C.N.S.O.); (G.R.C.); (E.M.S.R.); (C.R.B.C.); (M.D.-B.); (L.H.F.)
| | - Vinícius E. Pimentel
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto–FCFRP, University of Sao Paulo–USP, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil; (D.M.T.); (P.V.d.S.-N.); (J.C.S.d.C.); (C.A.F.); (M.M.P.); (V.E.P.); (C.N.S.O.); (G.R.C.); (E.M.S.R.); (C.R.B.C.); (M.D.-B.); (L.H.F.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto–FMRP, University of São Paulo–USP, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (T.F.C.F.-S.); (I.K.F.M.S.); (V.L.D.B.)
| | - Thais F. C. Fraga-Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto–FMRP, University of São Paulo–USP, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (T.F.C.F.-S.); (I.K.F.M.S.); (V.L.D.B.)
| | - Camilla N. S. Oliveira
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto–FCFRP, University of Sao Paulo–USP, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil; (D.M.T.); (P.V.d.S.-N.); (J.C.S.d.C.); (C.A.F.); (M.M.P.); (V.E.P.); (C.N.S.O.); (G.R.C.); (E.M.S.R.); (C.R.B.C.); (M.D.-B.); (L.H.F.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto–FMRP, University of São Paulo–USP, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (T.F.C.F.-S.); (I.K.F.M.S.); (V.L.D.B.)
| | - Glaucia R. Caruso
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto–FCFRP, University of Sao Paulo–USP, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil; (D.M.T.); (P.V.d.S.-N.); (J.C.S.d.C.); (C.A.F.); (M.M.P.); (V.E.P.); (C.N.S.O.); (G.R.C.); (E.M.S.R.); (C.R.B.C.); (M.D.-B.); (L.H.F.)
| | - Adriana F. L. Vilela
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto–FFCLRP, University of São Paulo–USP, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil; (A.F.L.V.); (P.N.-A.); (T.V.D.-F.)
| | - Pedro Nobre-Azevedo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto–FFCLRP, University of São Paulo–USP, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil; (A.F.L.V.); (P.N.-A.); (T.V.D.-F.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto–FMRP, University of São Paulo–USP, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (T.F.C.F.-S.); (I.K.F.M.S.); (V.L.D.B.)
| | - Thiago V. Defelippo-Felippe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto–FFCLRP, University of São Paulo–USP, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil; (A.F.L.V.); (P.N.-A.); (T.V.D.-F.)
| | - Jamille G. M. Argolo
- Department of General and Specialized Nursing, School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto–EERP, University of São Paulo–USP, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, SP, Brazil; (J.G.M.A.); (A.P.M.F.)
| | - Augusto M. Degiovani
- Hospital Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto 14085-000, SP, Brazil; (A.M.D.); (F.M.O.)
| | - Fátima M. Ostini
- Hospital Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto 14085-000, SP, Brazil; (A.M.D.); (F.M.O.)
| | - Marley R. Feitosa
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto-FMRP, University of São Paulo–USP, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (M.R.F.); (R.S.P.); (J.J.R.d.R.); (O.F.)
- Hospital São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14025-100, SP, Brazil;
| | - Rogerio S. Parra
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto-FMRP, University of São Paulo–USP, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (M.R.F.); (R.S.P.); (J.J.R.d.R.); (O.F.)
- Hospital São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14025-100, SP, Brazil;
| | - Fernando C. Vilar
- Hospital São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14025-100, SP, Brazil;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto–FMRP, University of São Paulo–USP, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - Gilberto G. Gaspar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto–FMRP, University of São Paulo–USP, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - José J. R. da Rocha
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto-FMRP, University of São Paulo–USP, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (M.R.F.); (R.S.P.); (J.J.R.d.R.); (O.F.)
| | - Omar Feres
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto-FMRP, University of São Paulo–USP, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (M.R.F.); (R.S.P.); (J.J.R.d.R.); (O.F.)
- Hospital São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14025-100, SP, Brazil;
| | - Gabriel P. Costa
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo–USP, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil; (G.P.C.); (Á.A.T.)
| | - Sandra R. C. Maruyama
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil;
| | - Elisa M. S. Russo
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto–FCFRP, University of Sao Paulo–USP, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil; (D.M.T.); (P.V.d.S.-N.); (J.C.S.d.C.); (C.A.F.); (M.M.P.); (V.E.P.); (C.N.S.O.); (G.R.C.); (E.M.S.R.); (C.R.B.C.); (M.D.-B.); (L.H.F.)
| | - Ana Paula M. Fernandes
- Department of General and Specialized Nursing, School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto–EERP, University of São Paulo–USP, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, SP, Brazil; (J.G.M.A.); (A.P.M.F.)
| | - Isabel K. F. M. Santos
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto–FMRP, University of São Paulo–USP, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (T.F.C.F.-S.); (I.K.F.M.S.); (V.L.D.B.)
| | - Adriana Malheiro
- Postgraduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology–PPGIBA, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas–UFAM, Manaus 69080-900, AM, Brazil;
| | - Ruxana T. Sadikot
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Vânia L. D. Bonato
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto–FMRP, University of São Paulo–USP, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (T.F.C.F.-S.); (I.K.F.M.S.); (V.L.D.B.)
| | - Cristina R. B. Cardoso
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto–FCFRP, University of Sao Paulo–USP, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil; (D.M.T.); (P.V.d.S.-N.); (J.C.S.d.C.); (C.A.F.); (M.M.P.); (V.E.P.); (C.N.S.O.); (G.R.C.); (E.M.S.R.); (C.R.B.C.); (M.D.-B.); (L.H.F.)
| | - Marcelo Dias-Baruffi
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto–FCFRP, University of Sao Paulo–USP, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil; (D.M.T.); (P.V.d.S.-N.); (J.C.S.d.C.); (C.A.F.); (M.M.P.); (V.E.P.); (C.N.S.O.); (G.R.C.); (E.M.S.R.); (C.R.B.C.); (M.D.-B.); (L.H.F.)
| | - Átila A. Trapé
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo–USP, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil; (G.P.C.); (Á.A.T.)
| | - Lúcia H. Faccioli
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto–FCFRP, University of Sao Paulo–USP, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil; (D.M.T.); (P.V.d.S.-N.); (J.C.S.d.C.); (C.A.F.); (M.M.P.); (V.E.P.); (C.N.S.O.); (G.R.C.); (E.M.S.R.); (C.R.B.C.); (M.D.-B.); (L.H.F.)
| | - Carlos A. Sorgi
- Postgraduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology–PPGIBA, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas–UFAM, Manaus 69080-900, AM, Brazil;
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto–FFCLRP, University of São Paulo–USP, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil; (A.F.L.V.); (P.N.-A.); (T.V.D.-F.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto–FMRP, University of São Paulo–USP, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (T.F.C.F.-S.); (I.K.F.M.S.); (V.L.D.B.)
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Nain M, Gupta A, Malhotra S, Sharma A. High-density lipoproteins may play a crucial role in COVID-19. Virol J 2022; 19:135. [PMID: 35999545 PMCID: PMC9395887 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01865-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lipids play a central role in the virus life cycle and are a crucial target to develop antiviral therapeutics. Importantly, among the other lipoproteins, the ‘good cholesterol’ high-density lipoprotein (HDL) has been widely studied for its role in not only cardiovascular but several infectious diseases as well. Studies have suggested a role of serum lipids and lipoproteins including HDL, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in several viral infections including COVID-19. This disease is currently a major public health problem and there is a need to explore the role of these host lipids/lipoproteins in virus pathogenesis. Methodology A total of 75 retrospective COVID-19 positive serum samples and 10 COVID-19 negative controls were studied for their lipid profiles including TC, HDL, LDL, and very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), and TG. Results Systematic literature search on dyslipidemia status in India shows that low HDL is the most common dyslipidemia. In this cohort, 65% (49) of COVID-19 patients had severely low HDL levels whereas 35% (26) had moderately low HDL and none had normal HDL levels. On the other hand, ~ 96% of samples had normal TC (72) and LDL (72) levels. VLDL and TG levels were also variable. In the controls, 100% of samples had moderately low HDL but none severely low HDL levels. Conclusion HDL likely plays a crucial role in COVID-19 infection and outcomes. The causal relationships between HDL levels and COVID-19 need to be studied extensively for an understanding of disease pathogenesis and management. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12985-022-01865-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minu Nain
- National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, 110 077, India
| | - Apoorv Gupta
- National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, 110 077, India
| | - Sumit Malhotra
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, 110 077, India. .,Molecular Medicine, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110 067, India.
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7
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Smith CD, Maines LW, Keller SN, Katz Ben-Yair V, Fathi R, Plasse TF, Levitt ML. Recent Progress in the Development of Opaganib for the Treatment of Covid-19. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:2199-2211. [PMID: 35855741 PMCID: PMC9288228 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s367612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic driven by the SARS-CoV-2 virus continues to exert extensive humanitarian and economic stress across the world. Although antivirals active against mild disease have been identified recently, new drugs to treat moderate and severe Covid-19 patients are needed. Sphingolipids regulate key pathologic processes, including viral proliferation and pathologic host inflammation. Opaganib (aka ABC294640) is a first-in-class clinical drug targeting sphingolipid metabolism for the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases. Recent work demonstrates that opaganib also has antiviral activity against several viruses including SARS-CoV-2. A recently completed multinational Phase 2/3 clinical trial of opaganib in patients hospitalized with Covid-19 demonstrated that opaganib can be safely administered to these patients, and more importantly, resulted in a 62% decrease in mortality in a large subpopulation of patients with moderately severe Covid-19. Furthermore, acceleration of the clearance of the virus was observed in opaganib-treated patients. Understanding the biochemical mechanism for the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of opaganib is essential for optimizing Covid-19 treatment protocols. Opaganib inhibits three key enzymes in sphingolipid metabolism: sphingosine kinase-2 (SK2); dihydroceramide desaturase (DES1); and glucosylceramide synthase (GCS). Herein, we describe a tripartite model by which opaganib suppresses infection and replication of SARS-CoV-2 by inhibiting SK2, DES1 and GCS. The potential impact of modulation of sphingolipid signaling on multi-organ dysfunction in Covid-19 patients is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles D Smith
- Apogee Biotechnology Corporation, Hummelstown, PA, USA
- Correspondence: Charles D Smith, Apogee Biotechnology Corporation, 1214 Research Blvd, Suite 2015, Hummelstown, PA, 17036, USA, Tel +1 843 814 9257, Email
| | - Lynn W Maines
- Apogee Biotechnology Corporation, Hummelstown, PA, USA
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8
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Meacci E, Pierucci F, Garcia-Gil M. Skeletal Muscle and COVID-19: The Potential Involvement of Bioactive Sphingolipids. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051068. [PMID: 35625805 PMCID: PMC9138286 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 virus infection is the cause of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is still spreading over the world. The manifestation of this disease can range from mild to severe and can be limited in time (weeks) or persist for months in about 30–50% of patients. COVID-19 is considered a multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and the musculoskeletal system manifestations are beginning to be considered of absolute importance in both COVID-19 patients and in patients recovering from the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Musculoskeletal manifestations of COVID-19 and other coronavirus infections include loss of muscle mass, muscle weakness, fatigue or myalgia, and muscle injury. The molecular mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 can cause damage to skeletal muscle (SkM) cells are not yet well understood. Sphingolipids (SLs) represent an important class of eukaryotic lipids with structural functions as well as bioactive molecules able to modulate crucial processes, including inflammation and viral infection. In the last two decades, several reports have highlighted the role of SLs in modulating SkM cell differentiation, regeneration, aging, response to insulin, and contraction. This review summarizes the consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection on SkM and the potential involvement of SLs in the tissue responses to virus infection. In particular, we highlight the role of sphingosine 1-phosphate signaling in order to aid the prediction of novel targets for preventing and/or treating acute and long-term musculoskeletal manifestations of virus infection in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Meacci
- Unit of Biochemical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50121 Florence, Italy;
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-055-2751231
| | - Federica Pierucci
- Unit of Biochemical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50121 Florence, Italy;
| | - Mercedes Garcia-Gil
- Unit of Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 31, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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9
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He Z, Zhong Y, Hou D, Hu X, Fu Z, Liu L, Zhang S, Sun C. Integrated Analysis of mRNA-Seq and MiRNA-Seq Reveals the Molecular Mechanism of the Intestinal Immune Response in Marsupenaeus japonicus Under Decapod Iridescent Virus 1 Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 12:807093. [PMID: 35116034 PMCID: PMC8804360 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.807093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestine is not only an important digestive organ but also an important immune organ for shrimp; it plays a key role in maintaining homeostasis. Decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) is a new type of shrimp-lethal virus that has received extensive attention in recent years. To date, most studies of the shrimp intestinal immune response under viral infections have relied on single omics analyses; there is a lack of systematic multi-omics research. In the current study, intestinal mRNA-seq and microRNA (miRNA)-seq analyses of Marsupenaeus japonicus under DIV1 infection were performed. A total of 1,976 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 32 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were identified. Among them, 21 DEMs were negatively correlated with 194 DEGs from a total of 223 correlations. Functional annotation analysis revealed that M. japonicus can regulate glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis (chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and keratan sulfate), vitamin metabolism (retinol metabolism and ascorbate and aldarate metabolism), immune pathway activation (Toll and IMD signaling pathways, Wnt signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, and Hippo signaling pathway), immunity enzyme activity promotion (triose-phosphate isomerase), antimicrobial peptide (AMP) expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and cell apoptosis through miRNAs to participate in the host’s antiviral immune response, while DIV1 can influence Warburg effect-related pathways (pyruvate metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and citrate cycle), glycosphingolipid biosynthesis-related pathways (glycosphingolipid biosynthesis—globo and isoglobo series and glycosphingolipid biosynthesis—lacto and neolacto series), and the tight junction and adhesion junction of the intestinal mucosal epithelium through the host’s miRNAs and mRNA to promote its own invasion and replication. These results indicate that intestinal miRNAs play important roles in the shrimp immune response against DIV1 infection. This study provides a basis for further study of the shrimp intestinal antiviral immune response and for the formulation of effective new strategies for the prevention and treatment of DIV1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao He
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yunqi Zhong
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Danqing Hou
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xianye Hu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhibin Fu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Luyao Liu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Chengbo Sun, ; Shuang Zhang,
| | - Chengbo Sun
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Southern Marine Science and Engineering, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Chengbo Sun, ; Shuang Zhang,
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10
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Peters S, Fohmann I, Rudel T, Schubert-Unkmeir A. A Comprehensive Review on the Interplay between Neisseria spp. and Host Sphingolipid Metabolites. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113201. [PMID: 34831424 PMCID: PMC8623382 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids represent a class of structural related lipids involved in membrane biology and various cellular processes including cell growth, apoptosis, inflammation and migration. Over the past decade, sphingolipids have become the focus of intensive studies regarding their involvement in infectious diseases. Pathogens can manipulate the sphingolipid metabolism resulting in cell membrane reorganization and receptor recruitment to facilitate their entry. They may recruit specific host sphingolipid metabolites to establish a favorable niche for intracellular survival and proliferation. In contrast, some sphingolipid metabolites can also act as a first line defense against bacteria based on their antimicrobial activity. In this review, we will focus on the strategies employed by pathogenic Neisseria spp. to modulate the sphingolipid metabolism and hijack the sphingolipid balance in the host to promote cellular colonization, invasion and intracellular survival. Novel techniques and innovative approaches will be highlighted that allow imaging of sphingolipid derivatives in the host cell as well as in the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Peters
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; (S.P.); (I.F.)
| | - Ingo Fohmann
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; (S.P.); (I.F.)
| | - Thomas Rudel
- Chair of Microbiology, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany;
| | - Alexandra Schubert-Unkmeir
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; (S.P.); (I.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-931-31-46721; Fax: +49-931-31-46445
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11
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Vitner EB, Avraham R, Politi B, Melamed S, Israely T. Elevation in sphingolipid upon SARS-CoV-2 infection: possible implications for COVID-19 pathology. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 5:5/1/e202101168. [PMID: 34764206 PMCID: PMC8605327 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection alters the levels of sphingolipids early post infection. This phenomenon is reflected by increased levels of sphingolipids, including gangliosides, in infected cells, as well as in serum in a SARS-CoV-2 murine model. Understanding pathways that might impact coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) manifestations and disease outcomes is necessary for better disease management and for therapeutic development. Here, we analyzed alterations in sphingolipid (SL) levels upon infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 infection induced elevation of SL levels in both cells and sera of infected mice. A significant increase in glycosphingolipid levels was induced early post SARS-CoV-2 infection, which was essential for viral replication. This elevation could be reversed by treatment with glucosylceramide synthase inhibitors. Levels of sphinganine, sphingosine, GA1, and GM3 were significantly increased in both cells and the murine model upon SARS-CoV-2 infection. The potential involvement of SLs in COVID-19 pathology is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einat B Vitner
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Roy Avraham
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Boaz Politi
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Sharon Melamed
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Tomer Israely
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
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12
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Theken KN, Tang SY, Sengupta S, FitzGerald GA. The roles of lipids in SARS-CoV-2 viral replication and the host immune response. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100129. [PMID: 34599996 PMCID: PMC8480132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The significant morbidity and mortality associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection has underscored the need for novel antiviral strategies. Lipids play essential roles in the viral life cycle. The lipid composition of cell membranes can influence viral entry by mediating fusion or affecting receptor conformation. Upon infection, viruses can reprogram cellular metabolism to remodel lipid membranes and fuel the production of new virions. Furthermore, several classes of lipid mediators, including eicosanoids and sphingolipids, can regulate the host immune response to viral infection. Here, we summarize the existing literature on the mechanisms through which these lipid mediators may regulate viral burden in COVID-19. Furthermore, we define the gaps in knowledge and identify the core areas in which lipids offer therapeutic promise for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine N Theken
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Oral Surgery and Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Soon Yew Tang
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shaon Sengupta
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Garret A FitzGerald
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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13
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Sphingolipids in foodstuff: Compositions, distribution, digestion, metabolism and health effects - A comprehensive review. Food Res Int 2021; 147:110566. [PMID: 34399542 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SLs) are common in all eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and viruses, and played a vital role in human health. They are involved in physiological processes, including intracellular transport, cell division, and signal transduction. However, there are limited reviews on dietary effects on endogenous SLs metabolism and further on human health. Various dietary conditions, including the SLs-enriched diet, high-fat diet, and vitamins, can change the level of endogenous SLs metabolites and even affect human health. This review systematically summarizes the main known SLs in foods concerning their variety and contents, as well as their isolation and identification approaches. Moreover, the present review discusses the role of dietary (particularly SLs-enriched diet, high-fat diet, and vitamins) in endogenous SLs metabolism, highlighting how exogenous SLs are digested and absorbed. The role of SLs family in the pathogenesis of diseases, including cancers, neurological disorders, infectious and inflammatory diseases, and cardiovascular diseases, and in recently coronavirus disease-19 outbreak was also discussed. In the post-epidemic era, we believe that the concern for health and the need for plant-based products will increase. Therefore, a need for research on the absorption and metabolism pathway of SLs (especially plant-derived SLs) and their bioavailability is necessary. Moreover, the effects of storage treatment and processing on the content and composition of SLs in food are worth exploring. Further studies should also be conducted on the dose-response of SLs on human health to support the development of SLs supplements. More importantly, new approaches, such as, making SLs based hydrogels can effectively achieve sustained release and targeted therapies.
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14
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Rajendran KV, Neelakanta G, Sultana H. Sphingomyelinases in a journey to combat arthropod-borne pathogen transmission. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:1622-1638. [PMID: 33960414 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ixodes scapularis ticks feed on humans and other vertebrate hosts and transmit several pathogens of public health concern. Tick saliva is a complex mixture of bioactive proteins, lipids and immunomodulators, such as I. scapularis sphingomyelinase (IsSMase)-like protein, an ortholog of dermonecrotoxin SMase D found in the venom of Loxosceles spp. of spiders. IsSMase modulates the host immune response towards Th2, which suppresses Th1-mediated cytokines to facilitate pathogen transmission. Arboviruses utilize exosomes for their transmission from tick to the vertebrate host, and exosomes derived from tick saliva/salivary glands suppress C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 and interleukin-8 immune response(s) in human skin to delay wound healing and repair processes. IsSMase affects also viral replication and exosome biogenesis, thereby inhibiting tick-to-vertebrate host transmission of pathogenic exosomes. In this review, we elaborate on exosomes and their biogenesis as potential candidates for developing novel control measure(s) to combat tick-borne diseases. Such targets could help with the development of an efficient anti-tick vaccine for preventing the transmission of tick-borne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kundave V Rajendran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Girish Neelakanta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Hameeda Sultana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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15
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Yao L, Hu Q, Zhang C, Ghonaim AH, Cheng Y, Ma H, Yu X, Wang J, Fan X, He Q. Untargeted LC-MS based metabolomic profiling of iPAMs to investigate lipid metabolic pathways alternations induced by different Pseudorabies virus strains. Vet Microbiol 2021; 256:109041. [PMID: 33813308 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Owing to viral recombination, interspecies transmission, and evolution, variant pseudorabies virus (PRV) strains exhibit different biological characteristics and pathogenicity. To improve the understanding of common and specific metabolic changes that occur upon infection by different PRV strains, we herein describe the comprehensive analysis of metabolites of PRV vaccine strain (Bartha K61), classical strain (EA) and variant strain (HNX) infection in immortalized porcine alveolar macrophage cells. Compared with uninfected cells, cells infected with Bartha K61, EA and HNX had 246, 225, and 272 differing metabolites, respectively. In the three types of PRV-strain-infected cells, lipids and lipid-like molecules accounted for over 50 % of the altered metabolites. As these viruses are enveloped, viral replication, assembly and release occur on cellular membranes primed through the manipulation of the host metabolism. We analyzed the potential relationship between virus replication and the virus-mediated host metabolism. Our study resulted in the first reconstruction of the major lipid metabolic pathways involved in PRV infection, including those of glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, glycerolipids, and fatty acyls. In addition, the metabolic perturbations caused by different PRV strain infections are consistent across many species, however, our results also revealed many specific metabolic alterations during HNX infection, such as the enrichment of phosphatidylinositol and 15R-PGE2 methyl ester 15-acetate, and the diminishment of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidic acid, and ceramides. These strain-specific altered metabolites may be linked to the unique biological characteristics and pathogenicity of the HNX strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Qiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Chengjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Ahmed H Ghonaim
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China; Desert Research Center, Cairo, 11435, Egypt
| | - Yufang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Hailong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Xuexiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Junwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Xiansheng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Qigai He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China.
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16
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Imre G, Krähling V, Eichler M, Trautmann S, Ferreirós N, Aman MJ, Kashanchi F, Rajalingam K, Pöhlmann S, Becker S, Meyer Zu Heringdorf D, Pfeilschifter J. The sphingosine kinase 1 activator, K6PC-5, attenuates Ebola virus infection. iScience 2021; 24:102266. [PMID: 33817572 PMCID: PMC8005759 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) is responsible for outbreaks with case fatality rates of up to 90% and for an epidemic in West Africa with more than ten thousand deaths. EBOV glycoprotein (EBOV-GP) is the only viral surface protein and is responsible for viral entry into cells. Here, by employing pseudotyped EBOV-GP viral particles, we uncover a critical role for sphingolipids in inhibiting viral entry. Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) catalyzes the phosphorylation of sphingosine to sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). The administration of the SphK1 activator, K6PC-5, or S1P, or the overexpression of SphK1 consistently exhibited striking inhibitory effects in EBOV-GP-driven entry in diverse cell lines. Finally, K6PC-5 markedly reduced the EBOV titer in infected cells and the de novo production of viral proteins. These data present K6PC-5 as an efficient tool to inhibit EBOV infection in endothelial cells and suggest further studies to evaluate its systemic effects. K6PC-5, a sphingosine kinase 1 activator, inhibits Ebola virus infection Sphingosine 1-phosphate, the product of SphK1, attenuates the viral entry Inhibiton/activation of S1P receptors has no influence on Ebola virus entry These data support the endogen effect of S1P in Ebola virus infection
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Imre
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany
| | - Verena Krähling
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Gießen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Madeleine Eichler
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany
| | - Sandra Trautmann
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany
| | - Nerea Ferreirós
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany
| | - M Javad Aman
- Integrated BioTherapeutics, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20850, USA
| | - Fatah Kashanchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, George Mason University Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Krishnaraj Rajalingam
- Cell Biology Unit, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Becker
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Gießen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Dagmar Meyer Zu Heringdorf
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany
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17
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Gan J, Mao XR, Zheng SJ, Li JF. Invariant natural killer T cells: Not to be ignored in liver disease. J Dig Dis 2021; 22:136-142. [PMID: 33421264 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The liver is an important immune organ. Hepatocellular injury can be caused by many factors, which further leads to chronic liver diseases by activating the immune system. Multiple immune cells, such as T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, natural killer cells (NKs), natural killer T cells (NKTs), and γδT cells, accumulate and participate in the immune regulation of the liver. NKTs are an indispensable component of immune cells in the liver, and invariant natural killer T cells (iNKTs) are the main subpopulation of NKTs. iNKTs activated by glycolipid antigen presented on CD1d secrete a series of cytokines and also act on other immune cells through cell-to-cell contact. Studies on the relationship between iNKTs and liver immunity have provided clues to uncover the pathogenesis of liver diseases and develop a promising strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gan
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiao Rong Mao
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.,Department of Infectious Disease, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Su Jun Zheng
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Feng Li
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.,Department of Infectious Disease, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.,Institute of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
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18
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Claus RA, Graeler MH. Sphingolipidomics in Translational Sepsis Research-Biomedical Considerations and Perspectives. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:616578. [PMID: 33553212 PMCID: PMC7854573 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.616578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientific Background: Sphingolipids are a highly diverse group of lipids with respect to physicochemical properties controlling either structure, distribution, or function, all of them regulating cellular response in health and disease. Mass spectrometry, on the other hand, is an analytical technique characterizing ionized molecules or fragments thereof by mass-to-charge ratios, which has been prosperingly developed for rapid and reliable qualitative and quantitative identification of lipid species. Parallel to best performance of in-depth chromatographical separation of lipid classes, preconditions of precise quantitation of unique molecular species by preprocessing of biological samples have to be fulfilled. As a consequence, “lipid profiles” across model systems and human individuals, esp. complex (clinical) samples, have become eminent over the last couple of years due to sensitivity, specificity, and discriminatory capability. Therefore, it is significance to consider the entire experimental strategy from sample collection and preparation, data acquisition, analysis, and interpretation. Areas Covered: In this review, we outline considerations with clinical (i.e., human) samples with special emphasis on sample handling, specific physicochemical properties, target measurements, and resulting profiling of sphingolipids in biomedicine and translational research to maximize sensitivity and specificity as well as to provide robust and reproducible results. A brief commentary is also provided regarding new insights of “clinical sphingolipidomics” in translational sepsis research. Expert Opinion: The role of mass spectrometry of sphingolipids and related species (“sphingolipidomics”) to investigate cellular and compartment-specific response to stress, e.g., in generalized infection and sepsis, is on the rise and the ability to integrate multiple datasets from diverse classes of biomolecules by mass spectrometry measurements and metabolomics will be crucial to fostering our understanding of human health as well as response to disease and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf A Claus
- Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Sepsis Research, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Markus H Graeler
- Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Sepsis Research, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Care & Control, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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19
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Ziegler AC, Müller T, Gräler MH. Sphingosine 1-phosphate in sepsis and beyond: Its role in disease tolerance and host defense and the impact of carrier molecules. Cell Signal 2020; 78:109849. [PMID: 33249088 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is an important immune modulator responsible for physiological cellular responses like lymphocyte development and function, positioning and emigration of T and B cells and cytokine secretion. Recent reports indicate that S1P does not only regulate immunity, but can also protect the function of organs by inducing disease tolerance. S1P also influences the replication of certain pathogens, and sphingolipids are also involved in pathogen recognition and killing. Certain carrier molecules for S1P like serum albumin and high density lipoproteins contribute to the regulation of S1P effects. They are able to associate with S1P and modulate its signaling properties. Similar to S1P, both carrier molecules are also decreased in sepsis patients and likely contribute to sepsis pathology and severity. In this review, we will introduce the concept of disease tolerance and the involvement of S1P. We will also discuss the contribution of S1P and its precursor sphingosine to host defense mechanisms against pathogens. Finally, we will summarize current data demonstrating the influence of carrier molecules for differential S1P signaling. The presented data may lead to new strategies for the prevention and containment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke C Ziegler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany; Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Tina Müller
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany; Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Markus H Gräler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany; Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, 07745 Jena, Germany; Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany.
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20
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Vitner EB. The role of brain innate immune response in lysosomal storage disorders: fundamental process or evolutionary side effect? FEBS Lett 2020; 594:3619-3631. [PMID: 33131047 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipidoses are diseases caused by mutations in genes responsible for sphingolipid degradation and thereby lead to sphingolipid accumulation. Most sphingolipidoses have a neurodegenerative manifestation characterized by innate immune activation in the brain. However, the role of the immune response in disease progression is ill-understood. In contrast to infectious diseases, immune activation is unable to eliminate the offending agent in sphingolipidoses resulting in ineffective, chronic inflammation. This paradox begs two fundamental questions: Why has this immune response evolved in sphingolipidoses? What role does it play in disease progression? Here, starting from the observation that sphingolipids (SLs) are elevated also in infectious diseases, I discuss the possibility that the activation of the brain immune response by SLs has evolved as a part of the immune response against pathogens and plays no major role in sphingolipidoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einat B Vitner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
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21
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McGowan EM, Haddadi N, Nassif NT, Lin Y. Targeting the SphK-S1P-SIPR Pathway as a Potential Therapeutic Approach for COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197189. [PMID: 33003377 PMCID: PMC7583882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The world is currently experiencing the worst health pandemic since the Spanish flu in 1918-the COVID-19 pandemic-caused by the coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This pandemic is the world's third wake-up call this century. In 2003 and 2012, the world experienced two major coronavirus outbreaks, SARS-CoV-1 and Middle East Respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), causing major respiratory tract infections. At present, there is neither a vaccine nor a cure for COVID-19. The severe COVID-19 symptoms of hyperinflammation, catastrophic damage to the vascular endothelium, thrombotic complications, septic shock, brain damage, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), and acute neurological and psychiatric complications are unprecedented. Many COVID-19 deaths result from the aftermath of hyperinflammatory complications, also referred to as the "cytokine storm syndrome", endotheliitus and blood clotting, all with the potential to cause multiorgan dysfunction. The sphingolipid rheostat plays integral roles in viral replication, activation/modulation of the immune response, and importantly in maintaining vasculature integrity, with sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P) and its cognate receptors (SIPRs: G-protein-coupled receptors) being key factors in vascular protection against endotheliitus. Hence, modulation of sphingosine kinase (SphK), S1P, and the S1P receptor pathway may provide significant beneficial effects towards counteracting the life-threatening, acute, and chronic complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review provides a comprehensive overview of SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease, prospective vaccines, and current treatments. We then discuss the evidence supporting the targeting of SphK/S1P and S1P receptors in the repertoire of COVID-19 therapies to control viral replication and alleviate the known and emerging acute and chronic symptoms of COVID-19. Three clinical trials using FDA-approved sphingolipid-based drugs being repurposed and evaluated to help in alleviating COVID-19 symptoms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen M McGowan
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Esophageal Cancer Precise Therapy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China;
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (N.H.); (N.T.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-405814048
| | - Nahal Haddadi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (N.H.); (N.T.N.)
| | - Najah T. Nassif
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (N.H.); (N.T.N.)
| | - Yiguang Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Esophageal Cancer Precise Therapy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China;
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (N.H.); (N.T.N.)
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22
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Wang M, Cheng A, Yang Q, Wu Y, Jia R, Liu M, Zhu D, Chen S, Zhang S, Zhao X, Huang J, Mao S, Ou X, Gao Q, Wang Y, Xu Z, Chen Z, Zhu L, Luo Q, Liu Y, Yu Y, Zhang L, Tian B, Pan L, Chen X. Structures and Functions of the 3' Untranslated Regions of Positive-Sense Single-Stranded RNA Viruses Infecting Humans and Animals. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:453. [PMID: 32974223 PMCID: PMC7481400 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR) of positive-sense single-stranded RNA [ssRNA(+)] viruses is highly structured. Multiple elements in the region interact with other nucleotides and proteins of viral and cellular origin to regulate various aspects of the virus life cycle such as replication, translation, and the host-cell response. This review attempts to summarize the primary and higher order structures identified in the 3′UTR of ssRNA(+) viruses and their functional roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhi Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - XinXin Zhao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sai Mao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qun Gao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qihui Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunya Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanling Yu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Tian
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Leichang Pan
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyue Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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23
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Regmi P, Khanal S, Neelakanta G, Sultana H. Tick-Borne Flavivirus Inhibits Sphingomyelinase ( IsSMase), a Venomous Spider Ortholog to Increase Sphingomyelin Lipid Levels for Its Survival in Ixodes scapularis Ticks. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:244. [PMID: 32656091 PMCID: PMC7325911 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study showed that cells from medically important arthropods, such as ticks, secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) including exosomes that mediate transmission of flavivirus RNA and proteins to the human cells. Understanding the molecular determinants and mechanism(s) of arthropod-borne flavivirus transmission via exosome biogenesis is very important. In this current study, we showed that in the presence of tick-borne Langat Virus (LGTV; a member of tick-borne encephalitis virus complex), the expression of arthropod IsSMase, a sphingomyelinase D (SMase D) that catalyzes the hydrolytic cleavage of substrates like sphingomyelin (SM) lipids, was significantly reduced in both Ixodes scapularis ticks (in vivo) and in tick cells (in vitro). The IsSMase reduced levels correlated with down-regulation of its activity upon LGTV replication in tick cells. Our data show that LGTV-mediated suppression of IsSMase allowed accumulation of SM lipid levels that supported membrane-associated viral replication and exosome biogenesis. Inhibition of viral loads and SM lipid built up upon GW4869 inhibitor treatment reversed the IsSMase levels and restored its activity. Our results suggest an important role for this spider venomous ortholog IsSMase in regulating viral replication associated with membrane-bound SM lipids in ticks. In summary, our study not only suggests a novel role for arthropod IsSMase in tick-LGTV interactions but also provides new insights into its important function in vector defense mechanism(s) against tick-borne virus infection and in anti-viral pathway(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravesh Regmi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Supreet Khanal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Girish Neelakanta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Hameeda Sultana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States.,Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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24
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Carpinteiro A, Becker KA, Gulbins E. Highlight: sphingolipids in infectious biology and immunology. Biol Chem 2018; 399:1113. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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