1
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Song G, Li R, Cheng MQ. Safety, immunogenicity, and protective effective of inhaled COVID-19 vaccines: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29625. [PMID: 38650361 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the safety, immunogenicity and protective effective of inhaled COVID-19 vaccines (ICVs). Literature research was done through EMBASE, Cochrane, PubMed, and Web of Science up to 10 March 2024. Pooled estimates with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed and compared using the random effects and common effects model. Of the 15 studies, 11 analyzed safety, 13 analyzed immunogenicity, and 3 analyzed protective effective. The results showed a favorable safety profile of ICVs for primary vaccination series, however it does not always seem to produce the expected immune response and protective effective. Meta-analysis of ICVs booster vaccinations (BVs) showed that the levels of neutralizing antibody Geometric mean titer (nAb-GMT) with aerosolised Ad5-nCoV (AAd5-nCoV) were all higher than those with inactivated vaccine (INA-nCoV) (standard mean difference (SMD) = 2.32; 95% CI: 1.96-2.69) and intramuscular Ad5-nCoV (IMAd5-nCoV) (SMD = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.14-0.48) against the original strain of SARS-CoV-2. Importantly, we also observed similar results in the omicron variant. In addition, ICV in BVs has high mucosal immunity to IgA antibodies. The risk of adverse events was comparable or lower for AAd5-nCoV compared to INA-nCoV or IMAd5-nCoV. Current evidence shows that the safety profile of ICVs were well. The booster dose of AAd5-nCoV had a high immune response (including mucosal immunity) and provided protection against COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant. Further studies are needed to investigate the long-term safety of intranasal vaccine booster protection and various types of ICVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Puer People's Hospital, Pu'er, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Puer People's Hospital, Pu'er, China
| | - Meng-Qun Cheng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Puer People's Hospital, Pu'er, China
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2
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Zhang C, D'Angelo D, Buttini F, Yang M. Long-acting inhaled medicines: Present and future. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 204:115146. [PMID: 38040120 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Inhaled medicines continue to be an essential part of treatment for respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cystic fibrosis. In addition, inhalation technology, which is an active area of research and innovation to deliver medications via the lung to the bloodstream, offers potential advantages such as rapid onset of action, enhanced bioavailability, and reduced side effects for local treatments. Certain inhaled macromolecules and particles can also end up in different organs via lymphatic transport from the respiratory epithelium. While the majority of research on inhaled medicines is focused on the delivery technology, particle engineering, combination therapies, innovations in inhaler devices, and digital health technologies, researchers are also exploring new pharmaceutical technologies and strategies to prolong the duration of action of inhaled drugs. This is because, in contrast to most inhaled medicines that exert a rapid onset and short duration of action, long-acting inhaled medicines (LAIM) improve not only the patient compliance by reducing the dosing frequency, but also the effectiveness and convenience of inhaled therapies to better manage patients' conditions. This paper reviews the advances in LAIM, the pharmaceutical technologies and strategies for developing LAIM, and emerging new inhaled modalities that possess a long-acting nature and potential in the treatment and prevention of various diseases. The challenges in the development of the future LAIM are also discussed where active research and innovations are taking place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengqian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Davide D'Angelo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Buttini
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Mingshi Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 110016, Shenyang, China.
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3
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He X, Chen X, Wang H, Du G, Sun X. Recent advances in respiratory immunization: A focus on COVID-19 vaccines. J Control Release 2023; 355:655-674. [PMID: 36787821 PMCID: PMC9937028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of vaccines has always been an essential task worldwide since vaccines are regarded as powerful weapons in protecting the global population. Although the vast majority of currently authorized human vaccinations are administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously, exploring novel routes of immunization has been a prominent area of study in recent years. This is particularly relevant in the face of pandemic diseases, such as COVID-19, where respiratory immunization offers distinct advantages, such as inducing systemic and mucosal responses to prevent viral infections in both the upper and lower respiratory tracts and also leading to higher patient compliance. However, the development of respiratory vaccines confronts challenges due to the physiological barriers of the respiratory tract, with most of these vaccines still in the research and development stage. In this review, we detail the structure of the respiratory tract and the mechanisms of mucosal immunity, as well as the obstacles to respiratory vaccination. We also examine the considerations necessary in constructing a COVID-19 respiratory vaccine, including the dosage form of the vaccines, potential excipients and mucosal adjuvants, and delivery systems and devices for respiratory vaccines. Finally, we present a comprehensive overview of the COVID-19 respiratory vaccines currently under clinical investigation. We hope this review can provide valuable insights and inspiration for the future development of respiratory vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyue He
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hairui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guangsheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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4
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Jansen EM, Frijlink HW, Hinrichs WLJ, Ruigrok MJR. Are inhaled mRNA vaccines safe and effective? A review of preclinical studies. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:1471-1485. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2131767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evalyne M Jansen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henderik W Frijlink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter LJ Hinrichs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mitchel JR Ruigrok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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5
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de Boer AH, Hagedoorn P, Grasmeijer F. Dry powder inhalation, part 2: the present and future. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:1045-1059. [PMID: 35984322 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2112570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The manufacture of modern dry powder inhalers (DPIs), starting with the Spinhaler (Fisons) in 1967, was only possible thanks to a series of technological developments in the 20th century, of which many started first around 1950. Not until then, it became possible to design and develop effective, cheap and mass-produced DPIs. The link between these technological developments and DPI development has never been presented and discussed before in reviews about the past and present of DPI technology. AREAS COVERED The diversity of currently used DPIs with single dose, multiple-unit dose and multi-dose DPIs is discussed, including the benefits and drawbacks of this diversity for correct use and the efficacy of the therapy. No specific databases or search engines otherwise than PubMed and Google have been used. EXPERT OPINION Considering the relatively poor efficacy regarding lung deposition of currently used DPIs, the high rates of incorrect inhaler use and inhalation errors and the poor adherence to the therapy with inhalers, much effort must be put in improving these shortcomings for future DPI designs. Delivered fine particle doses must be increased, correct inhaler handling must become more intuitive and simpler to perform, and the use of multiple inhalers must be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Haaije de Boer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Hagedoorn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Floris Grasmeijer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,PureIMS B.V, Roden, The Netherlands
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6
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Cortez-Jugo C, Masoumi S, Chan PPY, Friend J, Yeo L. Nebulization of siRNA for inhalation therapy based on a microfluidic surface acoustic wave platform. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 88:106088. [PMID: 35797825 PMCID: PMC9263997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The local delivery of therapeutic small interfering RNA or siRNA to the lungs has the potential to improve the prognosis for patients suffering debilitating lung diseases. Recent advances in materials science have been aimed at addressing delivery challenges including biodistribution, bioavailability and cell internalization, but an equally important challenge to overcome is the development of an inhalation device that can deliver the siRNA effectively to the lung, without degrading the therapeutic itself. Here, we report the nebulization of siRNA, either naked siRNA or complexed with polyethyleneimine (PEI) or a commercial transfection agent, using a miniaturizable acoustomicrofluidic nebulization device. The siRNA solution could be nebulised without significant degradation into an aerosol mist with tunable mean aerodynamic diameters of approximately 3 µm, which is appropriate for deep lung deposition via inhalation. The nebulized siRNA was tested for its stability, as well as its toxicity and gene silencing properties using the mammalian lung carcinoma cell line A549, which demonstrated that the gene silencing capability of siRNA is retained after nebulization. This highlights the potential application of the acoustomicrofluidic device for the delivery of efficacious siRNA via inhalation, either for systemic delivery via the alveolar epithelium or local therapeutic delivery to the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Cortez-Jugo
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, 151 Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
| | - Sarah Masoumi
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Peggy P Y Chan
- School of Software and Electrical Engineering, Swinburne University, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia; Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, 151 Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - James Friend
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia; Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, 151 Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Leslie Yeo
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia.
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Spray-dried Pneumococcal Membrane Vesicles are Promising Candidates for Pulmonary Immunization. Int J Pharm 2022; 621:121794. [PMID: 35525468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pneumococcal infections represent a global health threat, which requires novel vaccine developments. Extracellular vesicles are secreted from most cells, including prokaryotes, and harbor virulence factors and antigens. Hence, bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) may induce a protective immune response. For the first time, we formulate spray-dried gram-positive pneumococcal MVs-loaded vaccine microparticles using lactose/leucine as inert carriers to enhance their stability and delivery for pulmonary immunization. The optimized vaccine microparticles showed a mean particle size of 1-2µm, corrugated surface, and nanocrystalline nature. Their aerodynamic diameter of 2.34µm, average percentage emitted dose of 88.8%, and fine powder fraction 79.7%, demonstrated optimal flow properties for deep alveolar delivery using a next-generation impactor. Furthermore, confocal microscopy confirmed the successful encapsulation of pneumococcal MVs within the prepared microparticles. Human macrophage-like THP-1 cells displayed excellent viability, negligible cytotoxicity, and a rapid uptake around 60% of fluorescently labeled MVs after incubation with vaccine microparticles. Moreover, vaccine microparticles increased the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6 from primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Vaccine microparticles exhibited excellent properties as promising vaccine candidates for pulmonary immunization and are optimal for further animal testing, scale-up and clinical translation.
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Zhang W, Song X, Zhai L, Guo J, Zheng X, Zhang L, Lv M, Hu L, Zhou D, Xiong X, Yang W. Complete Protection Against Yersinia pestis in BALB/c Mouse Model Elicited by Immunization With Inhalable Formulations of rF1-V10 Fusion Protein via Aerosolized Intratracheal Inoculation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:793382. [PMID: 35154110 PMCID: PMC8825376 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.793382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumonic plague, caused by Yersinia pestis, is an infectious disease with high mortality rates unless treated early with antibiotics. Currently, no FDA-approved vaccine against plague is available for human use. The capsular antigen F1, the low-calcium-response V antigen (LcrV), and the recombinant fusion protein (rF1-LcrV) of Y. pestis are leading subunit vaccine candidates under intense investigation; however, the inability of recombinant antigens to provide complete protection against pneumonic plague in animal models remains a significant concern. In this study, we compared immunoprotection against pneumonic plague provided by rF1, rV10 (a truncation of LcrV), and rF1-V10, and vaccinations delivered via aerosolized intratracheal (i.t.) inoculation or subcutaneous (s.c.) injection. We further considered three vaccine formulations: conventional liquid, dry powder produced by spray freeze drying, or dry powder reconstituted in PBS. The main findings are: (i) rF1-V10 immunization with any formulation via i.t. or s.c. routes conferred 100% protection against Y. pestis i.t. infection; (ii) rF1 or rV10 immunization using i.t. delivery provided significantly stronger protection than rF1 or rV10 immunization via s.c. delivery; and (iii) powder formulations of subunit vaccines induced immune responses and provided protection equivalent to those elicited by unprocessed liquid formulations of vaccines. Our data indicate that immunization with a powder formulation of rF1-V10 vaccines via an i.t. route may be a promising vaccination strategy for providing protective immunity against pneumonic plague.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Jianshu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xinying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Lingfei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolu Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
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Ye Y, Ma Y, Zhu J. The future of dry powder inhaled therapy: Promising or Discouraging for systemic disorders? Int J Pharm 2022; 614:121457. [PMID: 35026316 PMCID: PMC8744475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dry powder inhalation therapy has been shown to be an effective method for treating respiratory diseases like asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases and Cystic Fibrosis. It has also been widely accepted and used in clinical practices. Such success has led to great interest in inhaled therapy on treating systemic diseases in the past two decades. The current coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic also has increased such interest and is triggering more potential applications of dry powder inhalation therapy in vaccines and antivirus drugs. Would the inhaled dry powder therapy on systemic disorders be as encouraging as expected? This paper reviews the marketed and in-development dry powder inhaler (DPI) products on the treatment of systemic diseases, their status in clinical trials, as well as the potential for COVID-19 treatment. The advancements and unmet problems on DPI systems are also summarized. With countless attempts behind and more challenges ahead, it is believed that the dry powder inhaled therapy for the treatment of systemic disorders still holds great potential and promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Ye
- University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, N6A 3K7, Canada; Ningbo Inhale Pharma, 2260 Yongjiang Avenue, Ningbo National High-Tech Zone, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Ying Ma
- University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, N6A 3K7, Canada; Ningbo Inhale Pharma, 2260 Yongjiang Avenue, Ningbo National High-Tech Zone, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Jesse Zhu
- University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, N6A 3K7, Canada.
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Otake H, Minami M, Yamaguchi M, Akiyama S, Inaba K, Nagai N. Effect of inner physical properties on powder adhesion in inhalation capsules in case of a high resistance device. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1353. [PMID: 34659499 PMCID: PMC8515541 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhalation performance of a dry powder inhaler (DPI) depends on the inhalation patterns of patients, inhalation particle characteristics and inhalation devices. In capsule-based DPIs, the capsule plays an important role in the dispersion of inhalation particles. The present study investigated the effects of inner physical properties of capsules on drug release from capsules-based DPIs with high resistance device. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to evaluate the capsule physical properties, such as the capsule inner structure and surface potential, of three capsules with different compositions (G-Cap, PEG/G-Cap, and HPMC-Cap). As a model dry powder for capsule-based DPIs, the dry powder in Spiriva® Inhalation Capsules containing tiotropium bromide was used. Inhalation performance was evaluated using a twin-stage liquid impinge and Handihaler® (flow rate 30 l/min). The results indicated that the capsule inner surface presented with numerous valleys and mountains, regardless of the capsule type. Furthermore, the valley and mountain areas on the capsule inner surface showed a significantly higher or lower surface potential. Following inhalation of capsule-based DPIs, the drug remained in the valleys on the capsule inner surface; however, no significant difference was observed in the drug release from capsule and lung drug delivery. Therefore, inhalation performance in capsule-based DPIs when a high resistance device, such as Handihaler®, is used at an appropriately flow rate is not markedly affected by the physical properties of the capsule inner surface due to capsule composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Otake
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Misa Minami
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Mizuki Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Sawako Akiyama
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Kazunori Inaba
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Noriaki Nagai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
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Heida R, Hinrichs WL, Frijlink HW. Inhaled vaccine delivery in the combat against respiratory viruses: a 2021 overview of recent developments and implications for COVID-19. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 21:957-974. [PMID: 33749491 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1903878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As underlined by the late 2019 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), vaccination remains the cornerstone of global health-care. Although vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 are being developed at a record-breaking pace, the majority of those that are licensed or currently registered in clinical trials are formulated as an injectable product, requiring a tightly regulated cold-chain infrastructure, and primarily inducing systemic immune responses. AREAS COVERED Here, we shed light on the status of inhaled vaccines against viral pathogens, providing background to the role of the mucosal immune system and elucidating what factors determine an inhalable vaccine's efficacy. We also discuss whether the development of an inhalable powder vaccine formulation against SARS-CoV-2 could be feasible. The review was conducted using relevant studies from PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar. EXPERT OPINION We believe that the scope of vaccine research should be broadened toward inhalable dry powder formulations since dry vaccines bear several advantages. Firstly, their dry state can tremendously increase vaccine stability and shelf-life. Secondly, they can be inhaled using disposable inhalers, omitting the need for trained health-care personnel and, therefore, facilitating mass-vaccination campaigns. Thirdly, inhalable vaccines may provide improved protection since they can induce an IgA-mediated mucosal immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Heida
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Lj Hinrichs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henderik W Frijlink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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12
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AboulFotouh K, Cui Z, Williams RO. Next-Generation COVID-19 Vaccines Should Take Efficiency of Distribution into Consideration. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:126. [PMID: 33835300 PMCID: PMC8034273 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-01974-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The dire need for safe and effective coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccines is met with many vaccine candidates being evaluated in pre-clinical and clinical studies. The COVID-19 vaccine candidates currently in phase 3 or phase 2/3 clinical trials as well as those that recently received emergency use authorization (EUA) from the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and/or other regulatory agencies worldwide require either cold (i.e., 2–8°C) or even freezing temperatures as low as −70°C for storage and distribution. Thus, existing cold chain will struggle to support both the standard national immunization programs and COVID-19 vaccination. The requirement for cold chain is now a major challenge towards worldwide rapid mass vaccination against COVID-19. In this commentary, we stress that thermostabilizing technologies are available to enable cold chain-free vaccine storage and distribution, as well as potential needle-free vaccination. Significant efforts on thermostabilizing technologies must now be applied on next-generation COVID-19 vaccines for more cost-effective worldwide mass vaccination and COVID-19 eradication.
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13
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Shah S, Ghetiya R, Soniwala M, Chavda J. Development and Optimization of Inhalable Levofloxacin Nanoparticles for The Treatment of Tuberculosis. Curr Drug Deliv 2020; 18:779-793. [PMID: 33155907 DOI: 10.2174/1567201817999201103194626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Levofloxacin has been recommended by the WHO for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis and inhalable delivery of levofloxacin can be advantageous over conventional delivery. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop and optimize inhalable levofloxacin Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles (LCN). The objective was to achieve the mean particle size of LCN less than 300nm, sustain the drug release up to 24 h, and achieve MMAD of LCN of less than 5μm. METHODS LCN were prepared by ionic gelation of chitosan with sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) and subsequent lyophilization. A Plackett Burman screening design, 32 full factorial design, and overlay plots were sequentially employed to optimize the formulation. The mean particle size, % entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release, and minimum inhibitory concentration were all evaluated. RESULTS The Pareto chart from the Placket Burman screening design revealed that the concentrations of chitosan and STPP was found to be significant (p < 0.05). Further analysis by 32 full factorial design revealed that F-ratio for each model generated was found to be greater than the theoretical value (p < 0.05), confirming the significance of each model. CONCLUSION The optimized formulation showed a mean particle size of 171.5 nm, sustained the drug release up to 24 h in simulated lung fluid, and revealed MMAD of 3.18 μm, which can confirm delivery of the drug to the deep lung region. However, further in vivo studies are required to design a suitable dosage regimen and establish the fate of nanoparticles for safe and efficacious delivery of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Shah
- Bhagvanlal Kapoorchand Mody Government Pharmacy College, Rajkot, India
| | - Rohit Ghetiya
- Bhagvanlal Kapoorchand Mody Government Pharmacy College, Rajkot, India
| | | | - Jayant Chavda
- Bhagvanlal Kapoorchand Mody Government Pharmacy College, Rajkot, India
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Aluminum Nanoparticles Acting as a Pulmonary Vaccine Adjuvant-Delivery System (VADS) Able to Safely Elicit Robust Systemic and Mucosal Immunity. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2020; 30:4203-4217. [PMID: 32395098 PMCID: PMC7210793 DOI: 10.1007/s10904-020-01572-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Vulnerability of respiratory mucosa to invasions of airborne pathogens, such as SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and avian viruses which sometimes cause a life-threatening epidemic and even pandemic, underscores significance of developing a pulmonary vaccine adjuvant-delivery system (VADS). Herein, 30-nm aluminum nanoparticles (ANs), unlike the mostly used adjuvant alum which is unsuitable for delivering pulmonary vaccines due to side effects, proved able to act as a VADS fitting inhalation immunization to elicit wide-spread anti-antigen immunity. In vitro ANs facilitated cellular uptake of their cargos and, after pulmonary vaccination, induced mouse production of high levels of anti-antigen IgG in serum and IgA in saliva, nasal, bronchoalveolar and also vaginal fluids. Besides, IFN-γ and anti-antigen IgG2a enriched in immunized mice which meanwhile showed no obvious lung inflammation indicated balanced Th1/Th2 responses were safely induced. These outcomes suggest ANs may be an efficient pulmonary VADS for defending against pathogens, especially, the ones invading hosts via respiratory system. Graphic Abstract
Aluminum nanoparticles can safely induce humoral and cellular immunity at systemic and mucosal level through pulmonary vaccination to contrast the conventional adjuvant alum.![]()
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Nguyen KTT, Frijlink HW, Hinrichs WLJ. Inhomogeneous Distribution of Components in Solid Protein Pharmaceuticals: Origins, Consequences, Analysis, and Resolutions. J Pharm Sci 2019; 109:134-153. [PMID: 31606540 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Successful development of stable solid protein formulations usually requires the addition of one or several excipients to achieve optimal stability. In these products, there is a potential risk of an inhomogeneous distribution of the various ingredients, specifically the ratio of protein and stabilizer may vary. Such inhomogeneity can be detrimental for stability but is mostly neglected in literature. In the past, it was challenging to analyze inhomogeneous component distribution, but recent advances in analytical techniques have revealed new options to investigate this phenomenon. This paper aims to review fundamental aspects of the inhomogeneous distribution of components of freeze-dried and spray-dried protein formulations. Four key topics will be presented and discussed, including the sources of component inhomogeneity, its consequences on protein stability, the analytical methods to reveal component inhomogeneity, and possible solutions to prevent or mitigate inhomogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh T T Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Henderik W Frijlink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter L J Hinrichs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Beugeling M, Amssoms K, Cox F, De Clerck B, Van Gulck E, Verwoerd JA, Kraus G, Roymans D, Baert L, Frijlink HW, Hinrichs WLJ. Development of a Stable Respiratory Syncytial Virus Pre-Fusion Protein Powder Suitable for a Core-Shell Implant with a Delayed Release in Mice: A Proof of Concept Study. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11100510. [PMID: 31623333 PMCID: PMC6835792 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11100510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is an increasing interest to apply pre-fusion (pre-F) protein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) as antigen for the development of a subunit vaccine. A pre-F-containing powder would increase the flexibility regarding the route of administration. For instance, a pre-F-containing powder could be incorporated into a single-injection system releasing a primer, and after a lag time, a booster. The most challenging aspect, obtaining the booster after a lag time, may be achieved by incorporating the powder into a core encapsulated by a nonporous poly(dl-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) shell. We intended to develop a stable freeze-dried pre-F-containing powder. Furthermore, we investigated whether incorporation of this powder into the core-shell implant was feasible and whether this system would induce a delayed RSV virus-neutralizing antibody (VNA) response in mice. The developed pre-F-containing powder, consisting of pre-F in a matrix of inulin, HEPES, sodium chloride, and Tween 80, was stable during freeze-drying and storage for at least 28 days at 60 °C. Incorporation of this powder into the core-shell implant was feasible and the core-shell production process did not affect the stability of pre-F. An in vitro release study showed that pre-F was incompletely released from the core-shell implant after a lag time of 4 weeks. The incomplete release may be the result of pre-F instability within the core-shell implant during the lag time and requires further research. Mice subcutaneously immunized with a pre-F-containing core-shell implant showed a delayed RSV VNA response that corresponded with pre-F release from the core-shell implant after a lag time of approximately 4 weeks. Moreover, pre-F-containing core-shell implants were able to boost RSV VNA titers of primed mice after a lag time of 4 weeks. These findings could contribute to the development of a single-injection pre-F-based vaccine containing a primer and a booster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Beugeling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Katie Amssoms
- Drug Product Development_Developability, Janssen Research and Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Freek Cox
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Archimedesweg 4-6, 2333 CN Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Ben De Clerck
- Janssen Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Janssen Research and Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Ellen Van Gulck
- Janssen Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Janssen Research and Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Jeroen A Verwoerd
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Guenter Kraus
- Janssen Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Janssen Research and Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Dirk Roymans
- Janssen Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Janssen Research and Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Lieven Baert
- Jalima Pharma bvba, Jozef Van Walleghemstraat 11, 8200 Brugge, Belgium.
| | - Henderik W Frijlink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Wouter L J Hinrichs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
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17
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Beugeling M, De Zee J, Woerdenbag HJ, Frijlink HW, Wilschut JC, Hinrichs WLJ. Respiratory syncytial virus subunit vaccines based on the viral envelope glycoproteins intended for pregnant women and the elderly. Expert Rev Vaccines 2019; 18:935-950. [PMID: 31446807 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2019.1657013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes high morbidity and mortality rates among infants, young children, and the elderly worldwide. Unfortunately, a safe and effective vaccine is still unavailable. In 1966, a formalin-inactivated RSV vaccine failed and resulted in the death of two young children. This failure shifted research toward the development of subunit-based vaccines for pregnant women (to passively vaccinate infants) and the elderly. Among these subunit-based vaccines, the viral envelope glycoproteins show great potential as antigens. Areas covered: In this review, progress in the development of safe and effective subunit RSV vaccines based on the viral envelope glycoproteins and intended for pregnant women and the elderly, are reviewed and discussed. Studies published in the period 2012-2018 were included. Expert opinion: Researchers are close to bringing safe and effective subunit-based RSV vaccines to the market using the viral envelope glycoproteins as antigens. However, it remains a major challenge to elicit protective immunity, with a formulation that has sufficient (storage) stability. These issues may be overcome by using the RSV fusion protein in its pre-fusion conformation, and by formulating this protein as a dry powder. It may further be convenient to administer this powder via the pulmonary route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Beugeling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Jildou De Zee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Herman J Woerdenbag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Henderik W Frijlink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Jan C Wilschut
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Wouter L J Hinrichs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
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Bhide Y, Tomar J, Dong W, de Vries-Idema J, Frijlink HW, Huckriede A, Hinrichs WLJ. Pulmonary delivery of influenza vaccine formulations in cotton rats: site of deposition plays a minor role in the protective efficacy against clinical isolate of H1N1pdm virus. Drug Deliv 2018; 25:533-545. [PMID: 29451040 PMCID: PMC6058687 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1435748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Administration of influenza vaccines to the lungs could be an attractive alternative to conventional parenteral administration. In this study, we investigated the deposition site of pulmonary delivered liquid and powder influenza vaccine formulations and its relation to their immunogenicity and protective efficacy. In vivo deposition studies in cotton rats revealed that, the powder formulation was mainly deposited in the trachea ( ∼ 65%) whereas the liquid was homogenously distributed throughout the lungs ( ∼ 96%). In addition, only 60% of the antigen in the powder formulation was deposited in the respiratory tract with respect to the liquid formulation. Immunogenicity studies showed that pulmonary delivered liquid and powder influenza formulations induced robust systemic and mucosal immune responses (significantly higher by liquids than by powders). When challenged with a clinical isolate of homologous H1N1pdm virus, all animals pulmonary administered with placebo had detectable virus in their lungs one day post challenge. In contrast, none of the vaccinated animals had detectable lung virus titers, except for two out of eight animals from the powder immunized group. Also, pulmonary vaccinated animals showed no or little signs of infection like increase in breathing frequency or weight loss upon challenge as compared to animals from the negative control group. In conclusion, immune responses induced by liquid formulation were significantly higher than responses induced by powder formulation, but the overall protective efficacy of both formulations was comparable. Thus, pulmonary immunization is capable of inducing protective immunity and the site of antigen deposition seems to be of minor relevance in inducing protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshita Bhide
- a Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Jasmine Tomar
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy , University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Wei Dong
- a Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline de Vries-Idema
- a Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Henderik W Frijlink
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy , University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Anke Huckriede
- a Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Wouter L J Hinrichs
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy , University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
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Sibum I, Hagedoorn P, de Boer AH, Frijlink HW, Grasmeijer F. Challenges for pulmonary delivery of high powder doses. Int J Pharm 2018; 548:325-336. [PMID: 29991452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In recent years there is an increasing interest in the pulmonary delivery of large cohesive powder doses, i.e. drugs with a low potency such as antibiotics or drugs with a high potency that need a substantial fraction of excipient(s) such as vaccines stabilized in sugar glasses. The pulmonary delivery of high powder doses comes with unique challenges. For low potency drugs, the use of excipients should be minimized to limit the powder mass to be inhaled as much as possible. To achieve this objective the inhaler design should be adapted to the properties of the API in order to achieve a compatible combination of the drug formulation and inhaler device. The inhaler should have an appropriate powder dosing principle for which prefilled compartments seem most appropriate. The drug formulation should not only allow for accurate filling of these compartments but also enable efficient compartment emptying during inhalation. The dispersion principle must have the capacity to disperse considerable amounts of powder in a short time frame that allows the powder to reach the deep lung. Last, but not least, the inhaler should be simple and intuitive in use, be cost-effective and exhibit accurate and consistent, preferably patient independent, pulmonary delivery performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imco Sibum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Paul Hagedoorn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Haaije de Boer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henderik Willem Frijlink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Floris Grasmeijer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Vaccines have been successful in reducing the mortality and morbidity, but most of them are delivered by intramuscular or intravenous route. They are associated with pain to the baby and bring lot of anxiety for the parents. There has been a marked increase in the number of injections required in first two years of life for completing the vaccination schedule. Hence, there is a need to have a painless vaccine delivery system. Numerous new routes of vaccination like, oral, nasal and transdermal routes are being tried. Oral polio and intranasal influenza have already been a success. Other newer approaches like edible vaccines, nasal sprays, dry powder preparations, jet injectors, microneedles and nanopatches are promising in delivering painless vaccines. Many of them are under clinical trials. These vaccine delivery systems will not only be painless but also cost effective, safe and easy to administer in mass population. They may be devoid of the need of cold chain. Painless delivery system will ensure better compliance to vaccination schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Garg
- Department of Pediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Tegh Bahadur Hospital, New Delhi, 110095, India.
| | - Anju Aggarwal
- Department of Pediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Tegh Bahadur Hospital, New Delhi, 110095, India
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21
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Liu H, Frijlink HW, Huckriede A, van Doorn E, Schmidt E, Leroy O, Rimmelzwaan G, McCullough K, Whelan M, Hak E. Influenza Vaccine Research funded by the European Commission FP7-Health-2013-Innovation-1 project. Vaccine 2016; 34:5845-5854. [PMID: 27793486 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Due to influenza viruses continuously displaying antigenic variation, current seasonal influenza vaccines must be updated annually to include the latest predicted strains. Despite all the efforts put into vaccine strain selection, vaccine production, testing, and administration, the protective efficacy of seasonal influenza vaccines is greatly reduced when predicted vaccine strains antigenically mismatch with the actual circulating strains. Moreover, preparing for a pandemic outbreak is a challenge, because it is unpredictable which strain will cause the next pandemic. The European Commission has funded five consortia on influenza vaccine development under the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (FP7) in 2013. The call of the EU aimed at developing broadly protective influenza vaccines. Here we review the scientific strategies used by the different consortia with respect to antigen selection, vaccine delivery system, and formulation. The issues related to the development of novel influenza vaccines are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Liu
- Department of PharmacoTherapy, Epidemiology & Economics, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Henderik W Frijlink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Huckriede
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eva van Doorn
- Department of PharmacoTherapy, Epidemiology & Economics, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ed Schmidt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Odile Leroy
- European Vaccine Initiative (EEIG), Im Neuerheimer Feld 307, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guus Rimmelzwaan
- Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam (EMC), Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Keneth McCullough
- The Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Sensemattstrasse 293, CH-3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
| | - Mike Whelan
- iQur Limited, London Bioscience Innovation Centre, 2 Royal College Street, NW1-0NH London, United Kingdom
| | - Eelko Hak
- Department of PharmacoTherapy, Epidemiology & Economics, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
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22
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Vaccine Delivery. Drug Deliv 2016. [DOI: 10.1201/9781315382579-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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de Boer AH, Hagedoorn P, Hoppentocht M, Buttini F, Grasmeijer F, Frijlink HW. Dry powder inhalation: past, present and future. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 14:499-512. [PMID: 27534768 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1224846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early dry powder inhalers (DPIs) were designed for low drug doses in asthma and COPD therapy. Nearly all concepts contained carrier-based formulations and lacked efficient dispersion principles. Therefore, particle engineering and powder processing are increasingly applied to achieve acceptable lung deposition with these poorly designed inhalers. Areas covered: The consequences of the choices made for early DPI development with respect of efficacy, production costs and safety and the tremendous amount of energy put into understanding and controlling the dispersion performance of adhesive mixtures are discussed. Also newly developed particle manufacturing and powder formulation processes are presented as well as the challenges, objectives, and new tools available for future DPI design. Expert opinion: Improved inhaler design is desired to make DPIs for future applications cost-effective and safe. With an increasing interest in high dose drug delivery, vaccination and systemic delivery via the lungs, innovative formulation technologies alone may not be sufficient. Safety is served by increasing patient adherence to the therapy, minimizing the use of unnecessary excipients and designing simple and self-intuitive inhalers, which give good feedback to the patient about the inhalation maneuver. For some applications, like vaccination and delivery of hygroscopic formulations, disposable inhalers may be preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H de Boer
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy , University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - P Hagedoorn
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy , University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - M Hoppentocht
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy , University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - F Buttini
- b Department of Pharmacy , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - F Grasmeijer
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy , University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - H W Frijlink
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy , University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
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Ilic V, Dunet V, Le Pape A, Buchs M, Kosinski M, Bischof Delaloye A, Gerber S, Prior JO. SPECT/CT study of bronchial deposition of inhaled particles. A human aerosol vaccination model against HPV. Nuklearmedizin 2016; 55:203-8. [PMID: 27440125 DOI: 10.3413/nukmed-0811-16-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Vaccination by aerosol inhalation can be used to efficiently deliver antigen against HPV to mucosal tissue, which is particularly useful in developing countries (simplicity of administration, costs, no need for cold chain). For optimal immunological response, vaccine particles should preferentially be delivered to proximal bronchial airways. We aimed at quantifying the deposition of inhaled particles in central airways and peripheral lung, and to assess administration biosafety. Participants, methods: 20 healthy volunteers (13W/7M, aged 24±4y) performed a 10-min free-breathing inhalation of (99m)Tc-stannous chloride colloid aerosol (450 MBq) in a buffer solution without vaccinal particles using an ultrasonic nebulizer (mass median aerodynamic diameter 4.2 μm) and a double mask inside a biosafety cabinet dedicated to assess environmental particle release. SPECT/CT and whole-body planar scintigraphy were acquired to determine whole-body and regional C/P distribution ratio (central-to-peripheral pulmonary deposition counts). Using a phantom, SPECT sensitivity was calibrated to obtain absolute pulmonary activity deposited by inhalation. RESULTS All participants successfully performed the inhalation that was well tolerated (no change in pulmonary peak expiratory flow rate, p = 0.9). It was environmentally safe (no activity released in the biosafety filter.) 1.3±0.6% (range 0.4-2.6%) of the total nebulizer activity was deposited in the lungs with a C/P distribution ratio of 0.40±0.20 (range 0.15-1.14). CONCLUSION Quantification and regional distribution of inhaled particles in an aerosolized vaccine model is possible using radioactive particles. This will allow optimizing deposition parameters and determining the particles charge for active-particles vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John O Prior
- Prof. John O. Prior, PhD MD, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland, Tel. +41/21/314 43-48, Fax -49,
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25
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Bobbala S, Hook S. Is There an Optimal Formulation and Delivery Strategy for Subunit Vaccines? Pharm Res 2016; 33:2078-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-1979-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Parumasivam T, Chang RYK, Abdelghany S, Ye TT, Britton WJ, Chan HK. Dry powder inhalable formulations for anti-tubercular therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 102:83-101. [PMID: 27212477 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an intracellular infectious disease caused by the airborne bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Despite considerable research efforts, the treatment of TB continues to be a great challenge in part due to the requirement of prolonged therapy with multiple high-dose drugs and associated side effects. The delivery of pharmacological agents directly to the respiratory system, following the natural route of infection, represents a logical therapeutic approach for treatment or vaccination against TB. Pulmonary delivery is non-invasive, avoids first-pass metabolism in the liver and enables targeting of therapeutic agents to the infection site. Inhaled delivery also potentially reduces the dose requirement and the accompanying side effects. Dry powder is a stable formulation of drug that can be stored without refrigeration compared to liquids and suspensions. The dry powder inhalers are easy to use and suitable for high-dose formulations. This review focuses on the current innovations of inhalable dry powder formulations of drug and vaccine delivery for TB, including the powder production method, preclinical and clinical evaluations of inhaled dry powder over the last decade. Finally, the risks associated with pulmonary therapy are addressed. A novel dry powder formulation with high percentages of respirable particles coupled with a cost effective inhaler device is an appealing platform for TB drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaigarajan Parumasivam
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Rachel Yoon Kyung Chang
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sharif Abdelghany
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman 1192, Jordan
| | - Tian Tian Ye
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Warwick John Britton
- Tuberculosis Research Program, Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Hak-Kim Chan
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Ruigrok MJR, Frijlink HW, Hinrichs WLJ. Pulmonary administration of small interfering RNA: The route to go? J Control Release 2016; 235:14-23. [PMID: 27235976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ever since the discovery of RNA interference (RNAi), which is a post-transcriptional gene silencing mechanism, researchers have been studying the therapeutic potential of using small interfering RNA (siRNA) to treat diseases that are characterized by excessive gene expression. Excessive gene expression can be particularly harmful if it occurs in a vulnerable organ such as the lungs as they are essential for physiological respiration. Consequently, RNAi could offer an approach to treat such lung diseases. Parenteral administration of siRNA has been shown to be difficult due to degradation by nucleases in the systemic circulation and excretion by the kidneys. To avoid these issues and to achieve local delivery and local effects, pulmonary administration has been proposed as an alternative administration route. Regarding this application, various animal studies have been conducted over the past few years. Therefore, this review presents a critical analysis of publications where pulmonary administration of siRNA in animals has been reported. Such an analysis is necessary to determine the feasibility of this administration route and to define directions for future research. First, we provide background information on lungs, pulmonary administration, and delivery vectors. Thereafter, we present and discuss relevant animal studies. Though nearly all publications reported positive outcomes, several reoccurring challenges were identified. They relate to 1) the necessity, efficacy, and safety of delivery vectors, 2) the biodistribution of siRNA in tissues other than the lungs, 3) the poor correlation between in vitro and in vivo models, and 4) the long-term effects upon (repeated) administration of siRNA. Finally, we present recommendations for future research to define the route to go: towards safer and more effective pulmonary administration of siRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J R Ruigrok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H W Frijlink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - W L J Hinrichs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Tomar J, Born PA, Frijlink HW, Hinrichs WLJ. Dry influenza vaccines: towards a stable, effective and convenient alternative to conventional parenteral influenza vaccination. Expert Rev Vaccines 2016; 15:1431-1447. [DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2016.1182869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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29
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Mensink MA, Frijlink HW, van der Voort Maarschalk K, Hinrichs WL. Inulin, a flexible oligosaccharide. II: Review of its pharmaceutical applications. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 134:418-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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30
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Cortez-Jugo C, Qi A, Rajapaksa A, Friend JR, Yeo LY. Pulmonary monoclonal antibody delivery via a portable microfluidic nebulization platform. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2015; 9:052603. [PMID: 25945147 PMCID: PMC4393410 DOI: 10.1063/1.4917181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Nebulizers have considerable advantages over conventional inhalers for pulmonary drug administration, particularly because they do not require coordinated breath actuation to generate and deliver the aerosols. Nevertheless, besides being less amenable to miniaturization and hence portability, some nebulizers are prone to denature macromolecular drugs due to the large forces generated during aerosolization. Here, we demonstrate a novel portable acoustomicrofluidic device capable of nebulizing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibodies into a fine aerosol mist with a mass median aerodynamic diameter of approximately 1.1 μm, optimal for deep lung deposition via inhalation. The nebulized monoclonal antibodies were tested for their stability, immunoactivity, and pharmacological properties, which confirmed that nebulization did not cause significant degradation of the antibody. In particular, flow cytometry demonstrated that the antigen binding capability of the antibody is retained and able to reduce phosphorylation in cells overexpressing the EGFR, indicating that the aerosols generated by the device were loaded with stable and active monoclonal antibodies. The delivery of antibodies via inhalation, particularly for the treatment of lung cancer, is thus expected to enhance the efficacy of this protein therapeutic by increasing the local concentration where they are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aisha Qi
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, RMIT University , Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Anushi Rajapaksa
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute , Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - James R Friend
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, RMIT University , Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Leslie Y Yeo
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, RMIT University , Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
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31
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Tonnis WF, Bagerman M, Weij M, Sjollema J, Frijlink HW, Hinrichs WL, de Boer AH. A novel aerosol generator for homogenous distribution of powder over the lungs after pulmonary administration to small laboratory animals. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 88:1056-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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32
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Intranasal administration of Mycobacterium bovis BCG induces superior protection against aerosol infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2014; 21:1443-51. [PMID: 25143340 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00394-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of Mycobacterium bovis BCG, the only licensed vaccine against tuberculosis (TB), TB remains a global epidemic. To assess whether more direct targeting of the lung mucosa by respiratory immunization would enhance the potency and longevity of BCG-induced anti-TB protective immunity, the long-term impact of intranasal (i.n.) BCG vaccination was compared to conventional subcutaneous (s.c.) immunization by using a mouse model of pulmonary tuberculosis. Although significantly improved protection in the lung was seen at early time points (2 and 4 months postvaccination) in i.n. BCG-immunized mice, no differences in pulmonary protection were seen 8 and 10 months postvaccination. In contrast, in all of the study periods, i.n. BCG vaccination induced significantly elevated protective splenic responses relative to s.c. immunization. At five of nine time points, we observed a splenic protective response exceeding 1.9 log10 protection relative to the s.c. route. Furthermore, higher frequencies of CD4 T cells expressing gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and IFN-γ/tumor necrosis factor alpha, as well as CD8 T cells expressing IFN-γ, were detected in the spleens of i.n. vaccinated mice. Using PCR arrays, significantly elevated levels of IFN-γ, interleukin-9 (IL-9), IL-11, and IL-21 expression were also seen in the spleen at 8 months after respiratory BCG immunization. Overall, while i.n. BCG vaccination provided short-term enhancement of protection in the lung relative to s.c. immunization, potent and extremely persistent splenic protective responses were seen for at least 10 months following respiratory immunization.
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33
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Hoppentocht M, Hagedoorn P, Frijlink H, de Boer A. Technological and practical challenges of dry powder inhalers and formulations. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 75:18-31. [PMID: 24735675 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the 50 years following the introduction of the first dry powder inhaler to the market, several developments have occurred. Multiple-unit dose and multi-dose devices have been introduced, but first generation capsule inhalers are still widely used for new formulations. Many new particle engineering techniques have been developed and considerable effort has been put in understanding the mechanisms that control particle interaction and powder dispersion during inhalation. Yet, several misconceptions about optimal inhaler performance manage to survive in modern literature. It is, for example still widely believed that a flow rate independent fine particle fraction contributes to an inhalation performance independent therapy, that dry powder inhalers perform best at 4 kPa (or 60 L/min) and that a high resistance device cannot be operated correctly by patients with reduced lung function. Nevertheless, there seems to be a great future for dry powder inhalation. Many new areas of interest for dry powder inhalation are explored and with the assistance of new techniques like computational fluid dynamics and emerging particle engineering technologies, this is likely to result in a new generation of inhaler devices and formulations, that will enable the introduction of new therapies based on inhaled medicines.
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34
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Park S, Kim YJ, Jon S. A high-affinity peptide for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-α1 and its potential use in pulmonary drug delivery. J Control Release 2014; 192:141-7. [PMID: 25025285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In pulmonary drug delivery, the ability of an affinity molecule to bind to lung epithelium may prolong retention of therapeutic molecules within the lung and consequently yield higher overall bioavailability. To this end, we screened a library of structurally constrained peptides ('aptides') using phage-display technology and identified a high-affinity aptide for the mouse nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-α1 (nAChR-α1). The isolated aptide (APTnAChR-α1) bound to its target protein with high affinity (Kd=47nM). Alexa 488-labeled APTnAChR-α1 showed preferential binding to nAChR-α1-positive mouse lung epithelial cells and mouse muscle cells. Furthermore, the aptide exhibited substantial binding in nAChR-α1-positive tissue sections of muscle, trachea and lung, but not in liver, kidney or spleen tissues, which are nAChR-α1-negative. In an in vivo experiment, a high-intensity fluorescence signal was observed in the entire lung up to 50h after tracheal injection of Cy5.5-APTnAChR-α1, whereas most of the fluorescence signal from a Cy5.5-labeled scrambled peptide washed out within 20h after injection. Taken together, these results indicate that the high-affinity peptide for nAChR-α1 identified here bound tightly to lung epithelium and thus exhibited a long residence time in this tissue, suggesting that the peptide could be used for pulmonary delivery of active pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seho Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jun Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyong Jon
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Wauthoz
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy; Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB); Brussels Belgium
| | - Karim Amighi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy; Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB); Brussels Belgium
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36
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Wang N, Wang T, Zhang M, Chen R, Niu R, Deng Y. Mannose derivative and lipid A dually decorated cationic liposomes as an effective cold chain free oral mucosal vaccine adjuvant-delivery system. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 88:194-206. [PMID: 24769065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
To develop convenient, effective cold chain-free subunit vaccines, a mannose-PEG-cholesterol conjugate (MPC) was synthesized as a lectin binding molecule and anchored onto liposomes which entrapped lipid A and model antigen to form a vaccine adjuvant-delivery system targeting antigen presenting cells. With MPC, soy phosphatidylcholine, stearylamine and monophosphoryl lipid A as emulsifiers dissolved in oil phase (O), and sucrose and BSA in water phase (W), the O/W emulsions were prepared and subsequently lyophilized. The lyophilized product was stable enough to be stored at room temperature and, upon rehydration, formed MPC-/lipid A-liposomes (MLLs) with a size under 300 nm and antigen association rates of around 36%. The MLLs given to mice via oral mucosal (o.m.) administration showed no side effects but induced potent immune responses as evidenced by the high levels of IgG in the sera and IgA in the salivary, intestinal and vaginal secretions of mice. High levels of IgG2a and IFN-γ in treated mice revealed that MLLs via o.m. vaccination induced a mixed Th1/Th2 response against antigens, establishing both humoral and cellular immunity. Thus, the MLLs may be a potent cold chain-free oral mucosal vaccine adjuvant-delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Department of Pharmacy, Jining Medical College, Sunshine City, China.
| | - Meiling Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ruonan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ruowen Niu
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yihui Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.
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Wang N, Wang T, Zhang M, Chen R, Deng Y. Using procedure of emulsification-lyophilization to form lipid A-incorporating cochleates as an effective oral mucosal vaccine adjuvant-delivery system (VADS). Int J Pharm 2014; 468:39-49. [PMID: 24704308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Using a procedure of emulsification-lyophilization (PEL), adjuvant lipid A-cochleates (LACs) were prepared as a carrier for model antigen bovine serum albumin (BSA). With phosphatidylserine and lipid A as emulsifiers dissolved in oil phase (O), sucrose and CaCl2 in the inner water phase (W1), and BSA, sucrose and PEG2000 in the outer water phase (W2), the W1/O/W2 emulsions were prepared and subsequently lyophilized to form a dry product which was stable enough to be stored at room temperature. Upon rehydration of the dry products, cochleates formed with a size of 800 nm and antigen association rates of 38%. After vaccination of mice through oral mucosal (o.m.) administration, LACs showed no side effects but induced potent immune responses as evidenced by high levels of IgG in the sera and IgA in the salivary, intestinal and vaginal secretions of mice. In addition, high levels of IgG2a and IFN-γ in the sera or culture supernatants of splenocytes of the immunized mice were also detected. These results revealed that LACs induced a mixed Th1/Th2 response against the loaded antigens. Thus, the LACs prepared by PEL were able to induce both systemic and mucosal immune responses and may act as a potent cold-chain-free oral mucosal vaccine adjuvant delivery system (VADS).
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/chemistry
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
- Drug Carriers
- Drug Stability
- Emulsions
- Excipients/chemistry
- Female
- Freeze Drying
- Immunity, Humoral/drug effects
- Immunity, Mucosal/drug effects
- Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/metabolism
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Lipid A/administration & dosage
- Lipid A/chemistry
- Lipid A/immunology
- Mice
- Mouth Mucosa/drug effects
- Mouth Mucosa/immunology
- Particle Size
- Phagocytosis/drug effects
- Powders
- Serum Albumin, Bovine/administration & dosage
- Serum Albumin, Bovine/chemistry
- Serum Albumin, Bovine/immunology
- Technology, Pharmaceutical/methods
- Th1 Cells/drug effects
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/drug effects
- Th2 Cells/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Mei Hill Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China; Department of Pharmacy, Jining Medical College, 669 Xueyuan Road, Sunshine City, Shandong Province 276826, China.
| | - Meiling Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Mei Hill Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Ruonan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Mei Hill Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Yihui Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China.
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