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Kikuchi K, Arata M. The interplay between Wnt signaling pathways and microtubule dynamics. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024; 60:502-512. [PMID: 38349554 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-024-00860-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Wnt signaling pathways represent an evolutionarily highly conserved, intricate network of molecular interactions that regulates various aspects of cellular behavior, including embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. Wnt signaling pathways share the β-catenin-dependent (canonical) and the multiple β-catenin-independent (non-canonical) pathways. These pathways collectively orchestrate a wide range of cellular processes through distinct mechanisms of action. Both the β-catenin-dependent and β-catenin-independent pathways are closely intertwined with microtubule dynamics, underscoring the complex crosstalk between Wnt signaling and the cellular cytoskeleton. This interplay involves several mechanisms, including how the components of Wnt signaling can influence the stability, organization, and distribution of microtubules. The modulation of microtubule dynamics by Wnt signaling plays a crucial role in coordinating cellular behaviors and responses to external signals. In this comprehensive review, we discussed the current understanding of how Wnt signaling and microtubule dynamics intersect in various aspects of cellular behavior. This study provides insights into our understanding of these crucial cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Kikuchi
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.
| | - Masaki Arata
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
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2
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Ziak J, Dorskind JM, Trigg B, Sudarsanam S, Jin XO, Hand RA, Kolodkin AL. Microtubule-binding protein MAP1B regulates interstitial axon branching of cortical neurons via the tubulin tyrosination cycle. EMBO J 2024; 43:1214-1243. [PMID: 38388748 PMCID: PMC10987652 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00050-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulation of directed axon guidance and branching during development is essential for the generation of neuronal networks. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie interstitial (or collateral) axon branching in the mammalian brain remain unresolved. Here, we investigate interstitial axon branching in vivo using an approach for precise labeling of layer 2/3 callosal projection neurons (CPNs). This method allows for quantitative analysis of axonal morphology at high acuity and also manipulation of gene expression in well-defined temporal windows. We find that the GSK3β serine/threonine kinase promotes interstitial axon branching in layer 2/3 CPNs by releasing MAP1B-mediated inhibition of axon branching. Further, we find that the tubulin tyrosination cycle is a key downstream component of GSK3β/MAP1B signaling. These data suggest a cell-autonomous molecular regulation of cortical neuron axon morphology, in which GSK3β can release a MAP1B-mediated brake on interstitial axon branching upstream of the posttranslational tubulin code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Ziak
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Joelle M Dorskind
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian Trigg
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Sriram Sudarsanam
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Xinyu O Jin
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Randal A Hand
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Prilenia Therapeutics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alex L Kolodkin
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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3
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Stojkovic L, Jovanovic I, Dincic E, Djordjevic A, Kuveljic J, Djuric T, Stankovic A, Vojinovic S, Zivkovic M. Targeted RNAseq Revealed the Gene Expression Signature of Ferroptosis-Related Processes Associated with Disease Severity in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3016. [PMID: 38474262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Detrimental molecular processes in multiple sclerosis (MS) lead to the cellular accumulation of lipid peroxidation products and iron in the CNS, which represents the main driving force for ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death, with proposed roles in neurodegeneration, oligodendrocyte loss and neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of MS. Ferroptosis-related gene expression signature and molecular markers, which could reflect MS severity and progression, are currently understudied in humans. To tackle these challenges, we have applied a curated approach to create and experimentally analyze a comprehensive panel of ferroptosis-related genes covering a wide range of biological processes associated with ferroptosis. We performed the first ferroptosis-related targeted RNAseq on PBMCs from highly distinctive MS phenotype groups: mild relapsing-remitting (RR) (n = 24) and severe secondary progressive (SP) (n = 24), along with protein detection of GPX4 and products of lipid peroxidation (MDA and 4-HNE). Out of 138 genes, 26 were differentially expressed genes (DEGs), indicating changes in both pro- and anti-ferroptotic genes, representing a molecular signature associated with MS severity. The top three DEGs, as non-core ferroptosis genes, CDKN1A, MAP1B and EGLN2, were replicated by qPCR to validate findings in independent patient groups (16 RR and 16 SP MS). Co-expression and interactions of DEGs were presented as additional valuable assets for deeper understanding of molecular mechanisms and key targets related to MS severity. Our study integrates a wide genetic signature and biochemical markers related to ferroptosis in easily obtainable PBMCs of MS patients with clinical data and disease severity, thus providing novel molecular markers which can complement disease-related changes in the brain and undergo further research as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljiljana Stojkovic
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Jovanovic
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Evica Dincic
- Clinic for Neurology, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Medical Faculty, University of Defense in Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Djordjevic
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Kuveljic
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Djuric
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Stankovic
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slobodan Vojinovic
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Maja Zivkovic
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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4
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Susanto TT, Hung V, Levine AG, Kerr CH, Yoo Y, Chen Y, Oses-Prieto JA, Fromm L, Fujii K, Wernig M, Burlingame AL, Ruggero D, Barna M. RAPIDASH: A tag-free enrichment of ribosome-associated proteins reveals compositional dynamics in embryonic tissues and stimulated macrophages. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.07.570613. [PMID: 38106052 PMCID: PMC10723405 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.07.570613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomes are emerging as direct regulators of gene expression, with ribosome-associated proteins (RAPs) allowing ribosomes to modulate translational control. However, a lack of technologies to enrich RAPs across many sample types has prevented systematic analysis of RAP number, dynamics, and functions. Here, we have developed a label-free methodology called RAPIDASH to enrich ribosomes and RAPs from any sample. We applied RAPIDASH to mouse embryonic tissues and identified hundreds of potential RAPs, including DHX30 and LLPH, two forebrain RAPs important for neurodevelopment. We identified a critical role of LLPH in neural development that is linked to the translation of genes with long coding sequences. Finally, we characterized ribosome composition remodeling during immune activation and observed extensive changes post-stimulation. RAPIDASH has therefore enabled the discovery of RAPs ranging from those with neuroregulatory functions to those activated by immune stimuli, thereby providing critical insights into how ribosomes are remodeled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodorus Theo Susanto
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Victoria Hung
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andrew G Levine
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Craig H Kerr
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yongjin Yoo
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yuxiang Chen
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Juan A Oses-Prieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lisa Fromm
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kotaro Fujii
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marius Wernig
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alma L Burlingame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Davide Ruggero
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maria Barna
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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5
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Atkins M, Nicol X, Fassier C. Microtubule remodelling as a driving force of axon guidance and pruning. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 140:35-53. [PMID: 35710759 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of neuronal connectivity relies on the microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton, which provides mechanical support, roads for axonal transport and mediates signalling events. Fine-tuned spatiotemporal regulation of MT functions by tubulin post-translational modifications and MT-associated proteins is critical for the coarse wiring and subsequent refinement of neuronal connectivity. The defective regulation of these processes causes a wide range of neurodevelopmental disorders associated with connectivity defects. This review focuses on recent studies unravelling how MT composition, post-translational modifications and associated proteins influence MT functions in axon guidance and/or pruning to build functional neuronal circuits. We here summarise experimental evidence supporting the key role of this network as a driving force for growth cone steering and branch-specific axon elimination. We further provide a global overview of the MT-interactors that tune developing axon behaviours, with a special emphasis on their emerging versatility in the regulation of MT dynamics/structure. Recent studies establishing the key and highly selective role of the tubulin code in the regulation of MT functions in axon pathfinding are also reported. Finally, our review highlights the emerging molecular links between these MT regulation processes and guidance signals that wire the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Atkins
- INSERM, UMR-S 1270, Institut du Fer à Moulin, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Xavier Nicol
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Coralie Fassier
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, F-75012 Paris, France.
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6
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Kulkarni R, Thakur A, Kumar H. Microtubule Dynamics Following Central and Peripheral Nervous System Axotomy. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:1358-1369. [PMID: 35451811 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbance in the neuronal network leads to instability in the microtubule (MT) railroad of axons, causing hindrance in the intra-axonal transport and making it difficult to re-establish the broken network. Peripheral nervous system (PNS) neurons can stabilize their MTs, leading to the formation of regeneration-promoting structures called "growth cones". However, central nervous system (CNS) neurons lack this intrinsic reparative capability and, instead, form growth-incompetent structures called "retraction bulbs", which have a disarrayed MT network. It is evident from various studies that although axonal regeneration depends on both cell-extrinsic and cell-intrinsic factors, any therapy that aims at axonal regeneration ultimately converges onto MTs. Understanding the neuronal MT dynamics will help develop effective therapeutic strategies in diseases where the MT network gets disrupted, such as spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. It is also essential to know the factors that aid or inhibit MT stabilization. In this review, we have discussed the MT dynamics postaxotomy in the CNS and PNS, and factors that can directly influence MT stability in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Kulkarni
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Akshata Thakur
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Hemant Kumar
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
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7
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Hsieh FF, Korsunsky I, Shih AJ, Moss MA, Chatterjee PK, Deshpande J, Xue X, Madankumar S, Kumar G, Rochelson B, Metz CN. Maternal oxytocin administration modulates gene expression in the brains of perinatal mice. J Perinat Med 2022; 50:207-218. [PMID: 34717055 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2020-0525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oxytocin (OXT) is widely used to facilitate labor. However, little is known about the effects of perinatal OXT exposure on the developing brain. We investigated the effects of maternal OXT administration on gene expression in perinatal mouse brains. METHODS Pregnant C57BL/6 mice were treated with saline or OXT at term (n=6-7/group). Dams and pups were euthanized on gestational day (GD) 18.5 after delivery by C-section. Another set of dams was treated with saline or OXT (n=6-7/group) and allowed to deliver naturally; pups were euthanized on postnatal day 9 (PND9). Perinatal/neonatal brain gene expression was determined using Illumina BeadChip Arrays and real time quantitative PCR. Differential gene expression analyses were performed. In addition, the effect of OXT on neurite outgrowth was assessed using PC12 cells. RESULTS Distinct and sex-specific gene expression patterns were identified in offspring brains following maternal OXT administration at term. The microarray data showed that female GD18.5 brains exhibited more differential changes in gene expression compared to male GD18.5 brains. Specifically, Cnot4 and Frmd4a were significantly reduced by OXT exposure in male and female GD18.5 brains, whereas Mtap1b, Srsf11, and Syn2 were significantly reduced only in female GD18.5 brains. No significant microarray differences were observed in PND9 brains. By quantitative PCR, OXT exposure reduced Oxtr expression in female and male brains on GD18.5 and PND9, respectively. PC12 cell differentiation assays revealed that OXT induced neurite outgrowth. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal OXT exposure induces sex-specific differential regulation of several nervous system-related genes and pathways with important neural functions in perinatal brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances F Hsieh
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA.,Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology Stamford Hospital, Stamford, CT, USA
| | - Ilya Korsunsky
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research at Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA.,Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine at Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew J Shih
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research at Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Matthew A Moss
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Prodyot K Chatterjee
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research at Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Jaai Deshpande
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research at Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA.,Providence Community Health Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Xiangying Xue
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research at Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Swati Madankumar
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research at Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Gopal Kumar
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine at Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Burton Rochelson
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Christine N Metz
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research at Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA.,Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine at Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
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8
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Elul T, Lim J, Hanton K, Lui A, Jones K, Chen G, Chong C, Dao S, Rawat R. Cannabinoid 1 Receptor CBIR regulates growth cone filopodia and axon dispersion in the optic tract of
Xenopus laevis
tadpoles. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 55:989-1001. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamira Elul
- Touro University California Vallejo California US
| | - John Lim
- Touro University California Vallejo California US
| | | | - Austin Lui
- Touro University California Vallejo California US
| | - Kenton Jones
- Touro University California Vallejo California US
| | - George Chen
- Touro University California Vallejo California US
| | | | - Sophia Dao
- Touro University California Vallejo California US
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9
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Sánchez-Huertas C, Herrera E. With the Permission of Microtubules: An Updated Overview on Microtubule Function During Axon Pathfinding. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:759404. [PMID: 34924953 PMCID: PMC8675249 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.759404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
During the establishment of neural circuitry axons often need to cover long distances to reach remote targets. The stereotyped navigation of these axons defines the connectivity between brain regions and cellular subtypes. This chemotrophic guidance process mostly relies on the spatio-temporal expression patterns of extracellular proteins and the selective expression of their receptors in projection neurons. Axon guidance is stimulated by guidance proteins and implemented by neuronal traction forces at the growth cones, which engage local cytoskeleton regulators and cell adhesion proteins. Different layers of guidance signaling regulation, such as the cleavage and processing of receptors, the expression of co-receptors and a wide variety of intracellular cascades downstream of receptors activation, have been progressively unveiled. Also, in the last decades, the regulation of microtubule (MT) assembly, stability and interactions with the submembranous actin network in the growth cone have emerged as crucial effector mechanisms in axon pathfinding. In this review, we will delve into the intracellular signaling cascades downstream of guidance receptors that converge on the MT cytoskeleton of the growing axon. In particular, we will focus on the microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) network responsible of MT dynamics in the axon and growth cone. Complementarily, we will discuss new evidences that connect defects in MT scaffold proteins, MAPs or MT-based motors and axon misrouting during brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Sánchez-Huertas
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Miguel Hernández (CSIC-UMH), Alicante, Spain
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10
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Goel M, Aponte AM, Wistow G, Badea TC. Molecular studies into cell biological role of Copine-4 in Retinal Ganglion Cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255860. [PMID: 34847148 PMCID: PMC8631636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying morphological diversity in retinal cell types are poorly understood. We have previously reported that several members of the Copine family of Ca-dependent membrane adaptors are expressed in Retinal Ganglion Cells and transcriptionally regulated by Brn3 transcription factors. Several Copines are enriched in the retina and their over-expression leads to morphological changes -formation of elongated processes-, reminiscent of neurites, in HEK293 cells. However, the role of Copines in the retina is largely unknown. We now investigate Cpne4, a Copine whose expression is restricted to Retinal Ganglion Cells. Over-expression of Cpne4 in RGCs in vivo led to formation of large varicosities on the dendrites but did not otherwise visibly affect dendrite or axon formation. Protein interactions studies using yeast two hybrid analysis from whole retina cDNA revealed two Cpne4 interacting proteins-Host Cell Factor 1 and Morn2. Mass Spectrometry analysis of retina lysate pulled down using Cpne4 or its vonWillebrand A domain showed 207 interacting proteins. A Gene Ontology analysis of the discovered proteins suggests that Cpne4 is involved in several metabolic and signaling pathways in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manvi Goel
- Retinal Circuit Development & Genetics Unit, Neurobiology Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, NEI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Angel M. Aponte
- Proteomics Core, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Graeme Wistow
- Section on Molecular Structure and Functional Genomics, NEI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tudor C. Badea
- Retinal Circuit Development & Genetics Unit, Neurobiology Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, NEI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Faculty of Medicine, Research and Development Institute, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
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11
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Mostovenko E, Saunders S, Muldoon PP, Bishop L, Campen MJ, Erdely A, Ottens AK. Carbon Nanotube Exposure Triggers a Cerebral Peptidomic Response: Barrier Compromise, Neuroinflammation, and a Hyperexcited State. Toxicol Sci 2021; 182:107-119. [PMID: 33892499 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The unique physicochemical properties of carbon nanomaterials and their ever-growing utilization generate a serious concern for occupational risk. Pulmonary exposure to these nanoparticles induces local and systemic inflammation, cardiovascular dysfunction, and even cognitive deficits. Although multiple routes of extrapulmonary toxicity have been proposed, the mechanism for and manner of neurologic effects remain minimally understood. Here, we examine the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)-derived peptidomic fraction as a reflection of neuropathological alterations induced by pulmonary carbon nanomaterial exposure. Male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 10 or 40 µg of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) by oropharyngeal aspiration. Serum and CSFs were collected 4 h post exposure. An enriched peptide fraction of both biofluids was analyzed using ion mobility-enabled data-independent mass spectrometry for label-free quantification. MWCNT exposure induced a prominent peptidomic response in the blood and CSF; however, correlation between fluids was limited. Instead, we determined that a MWCNT-induced peptidomic shift occurred specific to the CSF with 292 significant responses found that were not in serum. Identified MWCNT-responsive peptides depicted a mechanism involving aberrant fibrinolysis (fibrinopeptide A), blood-brain barrier permeation (homeobox protein A4), neuroinflammation (transmembrane protein 131L) with reactivity by astrocytes and microglia, and a pro-degradative (signal transducing adapter molecule, phosphoglycerate kinase), antiplastic (AF4/FMR2 family member 1, vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18) state with the excitation-inhibition balance shifted to a hyperexcited (microtubule-associated protein 1B) phenotype. Overall, the significant pathologic changes observed were consistent with early neurodegenerative disease and were diagnostically reflected in the CSF peptidome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Mostovenko
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
| | - Samantha Saunders
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
| | - Pretal P Muldoon
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
| | - Lindsey Bishop
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA
| | - Matthew J Campen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Aaron Erdely
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA
| | - Andrew K Ottens
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
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12
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GSK3 as a Regulator of Cytoskeleton Architecture: Consequences for Health and Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082092. [PMID: 34440861 PMCID: PMC8393567 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) was initially isolated as a critical protein in energy metabolism. However, subsequent studies indicate that GSK-3 is a multi-tasking kinase that links numerous signaling pathways in a cell and plays a vital role in the regulation of many aspects of cellular physiology. As a regulator of actin and tubulin cytoskeleton, GSK3 influences processes of cell polarization, interaction with the extracellular matrix, and directional migration of cells and their organelles during the growth and development of an animal organism. In this review, the roles of GSK3–cytoskeleton interactions in brain development and pathology, migration of healthy and cancer cells, and in cellular trafficking of mitochondria will be discussed.
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13
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Inactivation of vimentin in satellite glial cells affects dorsal root ganglion intermediate filament expression and neuronal axon growth in vitro. Mol Cell Neurosci 2021; 115:103659. [PMID: 34400333 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2021.103659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve trauma and regeneration are complex events, and little is known concerning how occurrences in the distal stump affect the cell body's response to injury. Intermediate filament (IF) proteins underpin cellular architecture and take part in nerve cell proliferation, differentiation and axon regeneration, but their role in these processes is not yet fully understood. The present study aimed to investigate the regulation and interrelationship of major neural IFs in adult dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and satellite glial cells (SGCs) following sciatic nerve injury. We demonstrated that the expression of neural IFs in DRG neurons and SGCs after axotomy depends on vimentin activity. In intact DRGs, synemin M and peripherin proteins are detected in small neurons while neurofilament L (NFL) and synemin L characterize large neurons. Both neuronal populations are surrounded by vimentin positive- and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-negative SGCs. In response to axotomy, synemin M and peripherin were upregulated in large wild-type DRG neurons and, to a lesser extent, in vim-/- and synm-/- DRG neurons, suggesting the role for these IFs in axon regeneration. However, an increase in the number of NFL-positive small neurons was observed in vim-/- mice, accompanied by a decrease of peripherin-positive small neurons. These findings suggest that vimentin is required for injury-induced neuronal IF remodeling. We further show that vimentin is also indispensable for nerve injury-induced GFAP upregulation in perineuronal SGCs and that inactivation of vimentin and synemin appears to accelerate the rate of DRG neurite regeneration at early stages in vitro.
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14
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Yuan P, Ding L, Chen H, Wang Y, Li C, Zhao S, Yang X, Ma Y, Zhu J, Qi X, Zhang Y, Xia X, Zheng JC. Neural Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Regulate Neural Stem Cell Differentiation Through miR-9-Hes1 Axis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:601600. [PMID: 34055767 PMCID: PMC8155619 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.601600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, a key element of the central nervous system microenvironment, mediate intercellular communication via horizontally transferring bioactive molecules. Emerging evidence has implicated exosomes in the regulation of neurogenesis. Recently, we compared the neurogenic potential of exosomes released from primary mouse embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs) and astrocyte-reprogrammed NSCs, and observed diverse neurogenic potential of those two exosome populations in vitro. However, the roles of NSC-derived exosomes on NSC differentiation and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we firstly demonstrated that NSC-derived exosomes facilitate the differentiation of NSCs and the maturation of both neuronal and glial cells in defined conditions. We then identified miR-9, a pro-neural miRNA, as the most abundantly expressed miRNA in NSC-derived exosomes. The silencing of miR-9 in exosomes abrogates the positive effects of NSC-derived exosomes on the differentiation of NSCs. We further identified Hes1 as miR-9 downstream target, as the transfection of Hes1 siRNA restored the differentiation promoting potential of NSC-derived exosomes after knocking down exosomal miR-9. Thus, our data indicate that NSC-derived exosomes facilitate the differentiation of NSCs via transferring miR-9, which sheds light on the development of cell-free therapeutic strategies for treating neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yuan
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Ding
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huili Chen
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhong Li
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu Zhao
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yizhao Ma
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinrui Qi
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohuan Xia
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialin C Zheng
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Wu Y, Zheng X, Ding Y, Zhou M, Wei Z, Liu T, Liao K. The molecular chaperone Hsp90α deficiency causes retinal degeneration by disrupting Golgi organization and vesicle transportation in photoreceptors. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 12:216-229. [PMID: 31408169 PMCID: PMC7181719 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is an abundant molecular chaperone with two isoforms, Hsp90α and Hsp90β. Hsp90β deficiency causes embryonic lethality, whereas Hsp90α deficiency causes few abnormities except male sterility. In this paper, we reported that Hsp90α was exclusively expressed in the retina, testis, and brain. Its deficiency caused retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a disease leading to blindness. In Hsp90α-deficient mice, the retina was deteriorated and the outer segment of photoreceptor was deformed. Immunofluorescence staining and electron microscopic analysis revealed disintegrated Golgi and aberrant intersegmental vesicle transportation in Hsp90α-deficient photoreceptors. Proteomic analysis identified microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B) as an Hsp90α-associated protein in photoreceptors. Hspα deficiency increased degradation of MAP1B by inducing its ubiquitination, causing α-tubulin deacetylation and microtubule destabilization. Furthermore, the treatment of wild-type mice with 17-DMAG, an Hsp90 inhibitor of geldanamycin derivative, induced the same retinal degeneration as Hsp90α deficiency. Taken together, the microtubule destabilization could be the underlying reason for Hsp90α deficiency-induced RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiudan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yubo Ding
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhuang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Kan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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16
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Chen K, Yang R, Li Y, Zhou JC, Zhang M. Giant ankyrin-B suppresses stochastic collateral axon branching through direct interaction with microtubules. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:151929. [PMID: 32640013 PMCID: PMC7401806 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201910053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant ankyrin-B (gAnkB) is a 440-kD neurospecific ankyrin-B isoform and a high-confidence target for autism mutations. gAnkB suppresses axon branching through coordination of cortical microtubules, and autism-related mutation of gAnkB results in ectopic neuronal connectivity. We identified a bipartite motif from gAnkB, which bundles and avidly binds to microtubules in vitro. This motif is composed of a module of 15 tandem repeats followed by a short, conserved fragment also found in giant ankyrin-G (BG-box). Combination of these two parts synergistically increases microtubule-binding avidity. Transfection of astrocytes (which lack gAnkB) with WT gAnkB resulted in prominent bundling of microtubules, which did not occur with mutant gAnkB with impaired microtubule-binding activity. Similarly, rescue of gAnkB-deficient neurons with WT gAnkB suppressed axonal branching and invasion of EB3-tagged microtubules into filopodia, which did not occur with the same mutant gAnkB. Together, these findings demonstrate that gAnkB suppresses axon collateral branching and prevents microtubule invasion of nascent axon branches through direct interaction with microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Chen
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.,Greater Bay Biomedical Innocenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Yubing Li
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jin Chuan Zhou
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.,Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.,Greater Bay Biomedical Innocenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China.,Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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17
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Shahsavani N, Kataria H, Karimi-Abdolrezaee S. Mechanisms and repair strategies for white matter degeneration in CNS injury and diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166117. [PMID: 33667627 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
White matter degeneration is an important pathophysiological event of the central nervous system that is collectively characterized by demyelination, oligodendrocyte loss, axonal degeneration and parenchymal changes that can result in sensory, motor, autonomic and cognitive impairments. White matter degeneration can occur due to a variety of causes including trauma, neurotoxic exposure, insufficient blood flow, neuroinflammation, and developmental and inherited neuropathies. Regardless of the etiology, the degeneration processes share similar pathologic features. In recent years, a plethora of cellular and molecular mechanisms have been identified for axon and oligodendrocyte degeneration including oxidative damage, calcium overload, neuroinflammatory events, activation of proteases, depletion of adenosine triphosphate and energy supply. Extensive efforts have been also made to develop neuroprotective and neuroregenerative approaches for white matter repair. However, less progress has been achieved in this area mainly due to the complexity and multifactorial nature of the degeneration processes. Here, we will provide a timely review on the current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of white matter degeneration and will also discuss recent pharmacological and cellular therapeutic approaches for white matter protection as well as axonal regeneration, oligodendrogenesis and remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Shahsavani
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Regenerative Medicine Program, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Hardeep Kataria
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Regenerative Medicine Program, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Soheila Karimi-Abdolrezaee
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Regenerative Medicine Program, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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18
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The Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor, a Target for Protection and Regeneration of the Peripheral Nervous System? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14030175. [PMID: 33668331 PMCID: PMC7996246 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical evidence, accumulated over the past decade, indicates that the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) stimulation exerts significant neuroprotective effects in various animal models of neuronal injury, notably in the central nervous system. While the atypical G protein-coupled receptor superfamily nature of AT2R and its related signaling are still under investigation, pharmacological studies have shown that stimulation of AT2R leads to neuritogenesis in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we focus on the potential neuroprotective and neuroregenerative roles of AT2R specifically in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The first section describes the evidence for AT2R expression in the PNS and highlights current controversies concerning the cellular distribution of the receptor. The second section focuses on AT2R signaling implicated in neuronal survival and in neurite outgrowth. The following sections review the relatively few preclinical studies highlighting the putative neuroprotective and neuroregenerative effects of AT2R stimulation in the context of peripheral neuropathy.
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19
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Valencia RG, Mihailovska E, Winter L, Bauer K, Fischer I, Walko G, Jorgacevski J, Potokar M, Zorec R, Wiche G. Plectin dysfunction in neurons leads to tau accumulation on microtubules affecting neuritogenesis, organelle trafficking, pain sensitivity and memory. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 47:73-95. [PMID: 32484610 PMCID: PMC7891324 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Plectin, a universally expressed multi-functional cytolinker protein, is crucial for intermediate filament networking, including crosstalk with actomyosin and microtubules. In addition to its involvement in a number of diseases affecting skin, skeletal muscle, heart, and other stress-exposed tissues, indications for a neuropathological role of plectin have emerged. Having identified P1c as the major isoform expressed in neural tissues in previous studies, our aim for the present work was to investigate whether, and by which mechanism(s), the targeted deletion of this isoform affects neuritogenesis and proper nerve cell functioning. METHODS For ex vivo phenotyping, we used dorsal root ganglion and hippocampal neurons derived from isoform P1c-deficient and plectin-null mice, complemented by in vitro experiments using purified proteins and cell fractions. To assess the physiological significance of the phenotypic alterations observed in P1c-deficient neurons, P1c-deficient and wild-type littermate mice were subjected to standard behavioural tests. RESULTS We demonstrate that P1c affects axonal microtubule dynamics by isoform-specific interaction with tubulin. P1c deficiency in neurons leads to altered dynamics of microtubules and excessive association with tau protein, affecting neuritogenesis, neurite branching, growth cone morphology, and translocation and directionality of movement of vesicles and mitochondria. On the organismal level, we found P1c deficiency manifesting as impaired pain sensitivity, diminished learning capabilities and reduced long-term memory of mice. CONCLUSIONS Revealing a regulatory role of plectin scaffolds in microtubule-dependent nerve cell functions, our results have potential implications for cytoskeleton-related neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. G. Valencia
- Max F. Perutz LaboratoriesDepartment of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- Present address:
Department of ImmunologyUniversity Children’s Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - E. Mihailovska
- Max F. Perutz LaboratoriesDepartment of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- Present address:
AFFiRiS AGViennaAustria
| | - L. Winter
- Max F. Perutz LaboratoriesDepartment of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- Neuromuscular Research DepartmentCenter for Anatomy and Cell BiologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - K. Bauer
- Max F. Perutz LaboratoriesDepartment of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - I. Fischer
- Max F. Perutz LaboratoriesDepartment of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - G. Walko
- Max F. Perutz LaboratoriesDepartment of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- Present address:
Department of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of BathBathUK
| | - J. Jorgacevski
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology – Molecular Cell PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineInstitute of PathophysiologyUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
- Celica Biomedical SloveniaLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - M. Potokar
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology – Molecular Cell PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineInstitute of PathophysiologyUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
- Celica Biomedical SloveniaLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - R. Zorec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology – Molecular Cell PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineInstitute of PathophysiologyUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
- Celica Biomedical SloveniaLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - G. Wiche
- Max F. Perutz LaboratoriesDepartment of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
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20
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Lemaitre D, Hurtado ML, De Gregorio C, Oñate M, Martínez G, Catenaccio A, Wishart TM, Court FA. Collateral Sprouting of Peripheral Sensory Neurons Exhibits a Unique Transcriptomic Profile. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4232-4249. [PMID: 32696431 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01986-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries result in motor and sensory dysfunction which can be recovered by compensatory or regenerative processes. In situations where axonal regeneration of injured neurons is hampered, compensation by collateral sprouting from uninjured neurons contributes to target reinnervation and functional recovery. Interestingly, this process of collateral sprouting from uninjured neurons has been associated with the activation of growth-associated programs triggered by Wallerian degeneration. Nevertheless, the molecular alterations at the transcriptomic level associated with these compensatory growth mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. We generated a surgical model of partial sciatic nerve injury in mice to mechanistically study degeneration-induced collateral sprouting from spared fibers in the peripheral nervous system. Using next-generation sequencing and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, we described the sprouting-associated transcriptome of uninjured sensory neurons and compare it with the activated by regenerating neurons. In vitro approaches were used to functionally assess sprouting gene candidates in the mechanisms of axonal growth. Using a novel animal model, we provide the first description of the sprouting transcriptome observed in uninjured sensory neurons after nerve injury. This collateral sprouting-associated transcriptome differs from that seen in regenerating neurons, suggesting a molecular program distinct from axonal growth. We further demonstrate that genetic upregulation of novel sprouting-associated genes activates a specific growth program in vitro, leading to increased neuronal branching. These results contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with collateral sprouting in vivo. The data provided here will therefore be instrumental in developing therapeutic strategies aimed at promoting functional recovery after injury to the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Lemaitre
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Fisiología Celular e Integrativa, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Cristian De Gregorio
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maritza Oñate
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriela Martínez
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,FONDAP Center for Geroscience (GERO) Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Catenaccio
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Felipe A Court
- FONDAP Center for Geroscience (GERO) Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile. .,Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile. .,Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA.
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21
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Vitrinel B, Iannitelli DE, Mazzoni EO, Christiaen L, Vogel C. Simple Method to Quantify Protein Abundances from 1000 Cells. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:15537-15546. [PMID: 32637829 PMCID: PMC7331059 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The rise of single-cell transcriptomics has created an urgent need for similar approaches that use a minimal number of cells to quantify expression levels of proteins. We integrated and optimized multiple recent developments to establish a proteomics workflow to quantify proteins from as few as 1000 mammalian stem cells. The method uses chemical peptide labeling, does not require specific equipment other than cell lysis tools, and quantifies >2500 proteins with high reproducibility. We validated the method by comparing mouse embryonic stem cells and in vitro differentiated motor neurons. We identify differentially expressed proteins with small fold changes and a dynamic range in abundance similar to that of standard methods. Protein abundance measurements obtained with our protocol compared well to corresponding transcript abundance and to measurements using standard inputs. The protocol is also applicable to other systems, such as fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)-purified cells from the tunicate Ciona. Therefore, we offer a straightforward and accurate method to acquire proteomics data from minimal input samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Vitrinel
- Center
for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
- Center
for Developmental Genetics, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Dylan E. Iannitelli
- Center
for Developmental Genetics, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Esteban O. Mazzoni
- Center
for Developmental Genetics, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
- NYU
Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Medical
Center, New York, New York 10016, United
States
| | - Lionel Christiaen
- Center
for Developmental Genetics, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Christine Vogel
- Center
for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
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22
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Schellino R, Boido M, Vercelli A. JNK Signaling Pathway Involvement in Spinal Cord Neuron Development and Death. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121576. [PMID: 31817379 PMCID: PMC6953032 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The c-Jun NH2-terminal protein kinase (JNK) is a Janus-faced kinase, which, in the nervous system, plays important roles in a broad range of physiological and pathological processes. Three genes, encoding for 10 JNK isoforms, have been identified: jnk1, jnk2, and jnk3. In the developing spinal cord, JNK proteins control neuronal polarity, axon growth/pathfinding, and programmed cell death; in adulthood they can drive degeneration and regeneration, after pathological insults. Indeed, recent studies have highlighted a role for JNK in motor neuron (MN) diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spinal muscular atrophy. In this review we discuss how JNK-dependent signaling regulates apparently contradictory functions in the spinal cord, in both the developmental and adult stages. In addition, we examine the evidence that the specific targeting of JNK signaling pathway may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of MN diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Schellino
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano (TO), Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-670-6632
| | - Marina Boido
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano (TO), Italy
- National Institute of Neuroscience (INN), 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vercelli
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano (TO), Italy
- National Institute of Neuroscience (INN), 10125 Turin, Italy
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23
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Bodakuntla S, Jijumon AS, Villablanca C, Gonzalez-Billault C, Janke C. Microtubule-Associated Proteins: Structuring the Cytoskeleton. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 29:804-819. [PMID: 31416684 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) were initially discovered as proteins that bind to and stabilize microtubules. Today, an ever-growing number of MAPs reveals a more complex picture of these proteins as organizers of the microtubule cytoskeleton that have a large variety of functions. MAPs enable microtubules to participate in a plethora of cellular processes such as the assembly of mitotic and meiotic spindles, neuronal development, and the formation of the ciliary axoneme. Although some subgroups of MAPs have been exhaustively characterized, a strikingly large number of MAPs remain barely characterized other than their interactions with microtubules. We provide a comprehensive view on the currently known MAPs in mammals. We discuss their molecular mechanisms and functions, as well as their physiological role and links to pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Bodakuntla
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 3348, F-91405 Orsay, France; Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3348, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - A S Jijumon
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 3348, F-91405 Orsay, France; Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3348, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Cristopher Villablanca
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian Gonzalez-Billault
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Carsten Janke
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 3348, F-91405 Orsay, France; Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3348, F-91405 Orsay, France.
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24
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Logan CM, Menko AS. Microtubules: Evolving roles and critical cellular interactions. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1240-1254. [PMID: 31387376 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219867296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are cytoskeletal elements known as drivers of directed cell migration, vesicle and organelle trafficking, and mitosis. In this review, we discuss new research in the lens that has shed light into further roles for stable microtubules in the process of development and morphogenesis. In the lens, as well as other systems, distinct roles for characteristically dynamic microtubules and stabilized populations are coming to light. Understanding the mechanisms of microtubule stabilization and the associated microtubule post-translational modifications is an evolving field of study. Appropriate cellular homeostasis relies on not only one cytoskeletal element, but also rather an interaction between cytoskeletal proteins as well as other cellular regulators. Microtubules are key integrators with actin and intermediate filaments, as well as cell–cell junctional proteins and other cellular regulators including myosin and RhoGTPases to maintain this balance.Impact statementThe role of microtubules in cellular functioning is constantly expanding. In this review, we examine new and exciting fields of discovery for microtubule’s involvement in morphogenesis, highlight our evolving understanding of differential roles for stabilized versus dynamic subpopulations, and further understanding of microtubules as a cellular integrator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M Logan
- Pathology Anatomy and Cell Biology Department, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - A Sue Menko
- Pathology Anatomy and Cell Biology Department, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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25
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Hatta T, Iemura SI, Ohishi T, Nakayama H, Seimiya H, Yasuda T, Iizuka K, Fukuda M, Takeda J, Natsume T, Horikawa Y. Calpain-10 regulates actin dynamics by proteolysis of microtubule-associated protein 1B. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16756. [PMID: 30425305 PMCID: PMC6233169 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35204-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpain-10 (CAPN10) is the calpain family protease identified as the first candidate susceptibility gene for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the detailed molecular mechanism has not yet been elucidated. Here we report that CAPN10 processes microtubule associated protein 1 (MAP1) family proteins into heavy and light chains and regulates their binding activities to microtubules and actin filaments. Immunofluorescent analysis of Capn10−/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts shows that MAP1B, a member of the MAP1 family of proteins, is localized at actin filaments rather than at microtubules. Furthermore, fluorescence recovery after photo-bleaching analysis shows that calpain-10 regulates actin dynamics via MAP1B cleavage. Moreover, in pancreatic islets from CAPN10 knockout mice, insulin secretion was significantly increased both at the high and low glucose levels. These findings indicate that deficiency of calpain-10 expression may affect insulin secretion by abnormal actin reorganization, coordination and dynamics through MAP1 family processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Hatta
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery (molprof), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-3-26 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 1345-0064, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichiro Iemura
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery (molprof), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-3-26 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 1345-0064, Japan.,Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Ohishi
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31, Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakayama
- Biomolecular Characterization Team, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Seimiya
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31, Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Takao Yasuda
- Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Katsumi Iizuka
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Fukuda
- Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Jun Takeda
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Tohru Natsume
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery (molprof), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-3-26 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 1345-0064, Japan.
| | - Yukio Horikawa
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
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26
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Jin T, Peng G, Wu E, Mendiratta S, Elul T. N-terminal and central domains of APC function to regulate branch number, length and angle in developing optic axonal arbors in vivo. Brain Res 2018; 1697:34-44. [PMID: 29856981 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
During formation of neuronal circuits, axons navigate long distances to reach their target locations in the brain. When axons arrive at their target tissues, in many cases, they extend collateral branches and/or terminal arbors that serve to increase the number of synaptic connections they make with target neurons. Here, we investigated how Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) regulates terminal arborization of optic axons in living Xenopus laevis tadpoles. The N-terminal and central domains of APC that regulate the microtubule cytoskeleton and stability of β-catenin in the Wnt pathway, were co-expressed with GFP in individual optic axons, and their terminal arbors were then imaged in tectal midbrains of intact tadpoles. Our data show that the APCNTERM and APCβ-cat domains both decreased the mean number, and increased the mean length, of branches in optic axonal arbors relative to control arbors in vivo. Additional analysis demonstrated that expression of the APCNTERM domain increased the average bifurcation angle of branching in optic axonal arbors. However, the APCβ-cat domain did not significantly affect the mean branch angle of arbors in tecta of living tadpoles. These data suggest that APC N-terminal and central domains both modulate number and mean length of branches optic axonal arbors in a compensatory manner, but also define a specific function for the N-terminal domain of APC in regulating branch angle in optic axonal arbors in vivo. Our findings establish novel mechanisms for the multifunctional protein APC in shaping terminal arbors in the visual circuit of the developing vertebrate brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taegun Jin
- Touro University California, Vallejo, CA, United States
| | - Gregory Peng
- Touro University California, Vallejo, CA, United States
| | - Esther Wu
- Touro University California, Vallejo, CA, United States
| | | | - Tamira Elul
- Touro University California, Vallejo, CA, United States.
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27
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Walters GB, Gustafsson O, Sveinbjornsson G, Eiriksdottir VK, Agustsdottir AB, Jonsdottir GA, Steinberg S, Gunnarsson AF, Magnusson MI, Unnsteinsdottir U, Lee AL, Jonasdottir A, Sigurdsson A, Jonasdottir A, Skuladottir A, Jonsson L, Nawaz MS, Sulem P, Frigge M, Ingason A, Love A, Norddhal GL, Zervas M, Gudbjartsson DF, Ulfarsson MO, Saemundsen E, Stefansson H, Stefansson K. MAP1B mutations cause intellectual disability and extensive white matter deficit. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3456. [PMID: 30150678 PMCID: PMC6110722 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05595-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovery of coding variants in genes that confer risk of neurodevelopmental disorders is an important step towards understanding the pathophysiology of these disorders. Whole-genome sequencing of 31,463 Icelanders uncovers a frameshift variant (E712KfsTer10) in microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B) that associates with ID/low IQ in a large pedigree (genome-wide corrected P = 0.022). Additional stop-gain variants in MAP1B (E1032Ter and R1664Ter) validate the association with ID and IQ. Carriers have 24% less white matter (WM) volume (β = −2.1SD, P = 5.1 × 10−8), 47% less corpus callosum (CC) volume (β = −2.4SD, P = 5.5 × 10−10) and lower brain-wide fractional anisotropy (P = 6.7 × 10−4). In summary, we show that loss of MAP1B function affects general cognitive ability through a profound, brain-wide WM deficit with likely disordered or compromised axons. Intellectual disability (ID) is characterized by an intelligence quotient of below 70 and impaired adaptive skills. Here, analyzing whole genome sequences from 31,463 Icelanders, Walters et al. identify variants in MAP1B associated with ID and extensive brain-wide white matter deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bragi Walters
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amy L Lee
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | - Lina Jonsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 405 30, Sweden
| | - Muhammad S Nawaz
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | | | - Mike Frigge
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | | | - Askell Love
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland.,Department of Radiology, Landspitali University Hospital, Fossvogur, Reykjavik, 108, Iceland
| | | | - Mark Zervas
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland.,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Magnus O Ulfarsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland.,Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Evald Saemundsen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland.,The State Diagnostic and Counselling Centre, Kopavogur, 200, Iceland
| | | | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland.
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28
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Tymanskyj SR, Yang BH, Verhey KJ, Ma L. MAP7 regulates axon morphogenesis by recruiting kinesin-1 to microtubules and modulating organelle transport. eLife 2018; 7:36374. [PMID: 30132755 PMCID: PMC6133550 DOI: 10.7554/elife.36374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal cell morphogenesis depends on proper regulation of microtubule-based transport, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we report our study of MAP7, a unique microtubule-associated protein that interacts with both microtubules and the motor protein kinesin-1. Structure-function analysis in rat embryonic sensory neurons shows that the kinesin-1 interacting domain in MAP7 is required for axon and branch growth but not for branch formation. Also, two unique microtubule binding sites are found in MAP7 that have distinct dissociation kinetics and are both required for branch formation. Furthermore, MAP7 recruits kinesin-1 dynamically to microtubules, leading to alterations in organelle transport behaviors, particularly pause/speed switching. As MAP7 is localized to branch sites, our results suggest a novel mechanism mediated by the dual interactions of MAP7 with microtubules and kinesin-1 in the precise control of microtubule-based transport during axon morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Tymanskyj
- Jefferson Synaptic Biology Center, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Benjamin H Yang
- Jefferson Synaptic Biology Center, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Kristen J Verhey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Le Ma
- Jefferson Synaptic Biology Center, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States
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29
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Kiss A, Fischer I, Kleele T, Misgeld T, Propst F. Neuronal Growth Cone Size-Dependent and -Independent Parameters of Microtubule Polymerization. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:195. [PMID: 30065631 PMCID: PMC6056669 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Migration and pathfinding of neuronal growth cones during neurite extension is critically dependent on dynamic microtubules. In this study we sought to determine, which aspects of microtubule polymerization relate to growth cone morphology and migratory characteristics. We conducted a multiscale quantitative microscopy analysis using automated tracking of microtubule plus ends in migrating growth cones of cultured murine dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Notably, this comprehensive analysis failed to identify any changes in microtubule polymerization parameters that were specifically associated with spontaneous extension vs. retraction of growth cones. This suggests that microtubule dynamicity is a basic mechanism that does not determine the polarity of growth cone response but can be exploited to accommodate diverse growth cone behaviors. At the same time, we found a correlation between growth cone size and basic parameters of microtubule polymerization including the density of growing microtubule plus ends and rate and duration of microtubule growth. A similar correlation was observed in growth cones of neurons lacking the microtubule-associated protein MAP1B. However, MAP1B-null growth cones, which are deficient in growth cone migration and steering, displayed an overall reduction in microtubule dynamicity. Our results highlight the importance of taking growth cone size into account when evaluating the influence on growth cone microtubule dynamics of different substrata, guidance factors or genetic manipulations which all can change growth cone morphology and size. The type of large scale multiparametric analysis performed here can help to separate direct effects that these perturbations might have on microtubule dynamics from indirect effects resulting from perturbation-induced changes in growth cone size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Kiss
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irmgard Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tatjana Kleele
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Friedrich Propst
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
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30
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Lasser M, Tiber J, Lowery LA. The Role of the Microtubule Cytoskeleton in Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:165. [PMID: 29962938 PMCID: PMC6010848 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons depend on the highly dynamic microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton for many different processes during early embryonic development including cell division and migration, intracellular trafficking and signal transduction, as well as proper axon guidance and synapse formation. The coordination and support from MTs is crucial for newly formed neurons to migrate appropriately in order to establish neural connections. Once connections are made, MTs provide structural integrity and support to maintain neural connectivity throughout development. Abnormalities in neural migration and connectivity due to genetic mutations of MT-associated proteins can lead to detrimental developmental defects. Growing evidence suggests that these mutations are associated with many different neurodevelopmental disorders, including intellectual disabilities (ID) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In this review article, we highlight the crucial role of the MT cytoskeleton in the context of neurodevelopment and summarize genetic mutations of various MT related proteins that may underlie or contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Lasser
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Jessica Tiber
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Laura Anne Lowery
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
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31
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Brazill JM, Cruz B, Zhu Y, Zhai RG. Nmnat mitigates sensory dysfunction in a Drosophila model of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm.032938. [PMID: 29716954 PMCID: PMC6031360 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.032938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is the major dose-limiting side effect of many commonly used chemotherapeutic agents, including paclitaxel. Currently, there are no neuroprotective or effective symptomatic treatments for CIPN. Lack of understanding of the in vivo mechanisms of CIPN has greatly impeded the identification of therapeutic targets. Here, we optimized a model of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy using Drosophila larvae that recapitulates aspects of chemotherapy-induced sensory dysfunction. We showed that nociceptive sensitivity is associated with disrupted organization of microtubule-associated MAP1B/Futsch and aberrant stabilization of peripheral sensory dendrites. These findings establish a robust and amenable model for studying peripheral mechanisms of CIPN. Using this model, we uncovered a critical role for nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (Nmnat) in maintaining the integrity and function of peripheral sensory neurons and uncovered Nmnat's therapeutic potential against diverse sensory symptoms of CIPN. Summary: Neurotoxic side effects of chemotherapy are poorly understood. Here, the authors optimize a Drosophila model of paclitaxel-induced sensory dysfunction, which is then used to explore the neuroprotective capacity of Nmnat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Brazill
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Beverley Cruz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - R Grace Zhai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA .,School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, China
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32
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Heinzen EL, O'Neill AC, Zhu X, Allen AS, Bahlo M, Chelly J, Chen MH, Dobyns WB, Freytag S, Guerrini R, Leventer RJ, Poduri A, Robertson SP, Walsh CA, Zhang M. De novo and inherited private variants in MAP1B in periventricular nodular heterotopia. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007281. [PMID: 29738522 PMCID: PMC5965900 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Periventricular nodular heterotopia (PVNH) is a malformation of cortical development commonly associated with epilepsy. We exome sequenced 202 individuals with sporadic PVNH to identify novel genetic risk loci. We first performed a trio-based analysis and identified 219 de novo variants. Although no novel genes were implicated in this initial analysis, PVNH cases were found overall to have a significant excess of nonsynonymous de novo variants in intolerant genes (p = 3.27x10-7), suggesting a role for rare new alleles in genes yet to be associated with the condition. Using a gene-level collapsing analysis comparing cases and controls, we identified a genome-wide significant signal driven by four ultra-rare loss-of-function heterozygous variants in MAP1B, including one de novo variant. In at least one instance, the MAP1B variant was inherited from a parent with previously undiagnosed PVNH. The PVNH was frontally predominant and associated with perisylvian polymicrogyria. These results implicate MAP1B in PVNH. More broadly, our findings suggest that detrimental mutations likely arising in immediately preceding generations with incomplete penetrance may also be responsible for some apparently sporadic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L. Heinzen
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: Corresponding author on behalf of the Epi4K Consortium,
| | - Adam C. O'Neill
- Department of Women’s and Children's Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Xiaolin Zhu
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Andrew S. Allen
- Center for Statistical Genetics and Genomics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Melanie Bahlo
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jamel Chelly
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- IGBMC, INSERM U964, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Ming Hui Chen
- Department of Cardiology and Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - William B. Dobyns
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Saskia Freytag
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Neuroscience Department, Children's Hospital Anna Meyer-University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Richard J. Leventer
- Department of Neurology Royal Children’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Annapurna Poduri
- Department of Neurology, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stephen P. Robertson
- Department of Women’s and Children's Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Christopher A. Walsh
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
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33
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Fassier C, Fréal A, Gasmi L, Delphin C, Ten Martin D, De Gois S, Tambalo M, Bosc C, Mailly P, Revenu C, Peris L, Bolte S, Schneider-Maunoury S, Houart C, Nothias F, Larcher JC, Andrieux A, Hazan J. Motor axon navigation relies on Fidgetin-like 1-driven microtubule plus end dynamics. J Cell Biol 2018. [PMID: 29535193 PMCID: PMC5940295 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201604108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fassier et al. identify Fidgetin-like 1 (Fignl1) as a key growth cone (GC)-enriched microtubule (MT)-associated protein in motor circuit wiring. They show that Fignl1 modulates motor GC morphology and steering behavior by down-regulating EB binding at MT plus ends and promoting MT depolymerization beneath the cell cortex. During neural circuit assembly, extrinsic signals are integrated into changes in growth cone (GC) cytoskeleton underlying axon guidance decisions. Microtubules (MTs) were shown to play an instructive role in GC steering. However, the numerous actors required for MT remodeling during axon navigation and their precise mode of action are far from being deciphered. Using loss- and gain-of-function analyses during zebrafish development, we identify in this study the meiotic clade adenosine triphosphatase Fidgetin-like 1 (Fignl1) as a key GC-enriched MT-interacting protein in motor circuit wiring and larval locomotion. We show that Fignl1 controls GC morphology and behavior at intermediate targets by regulating MT plus end dynamics and growth directionality. We further reveal that alternative translation of Fignl1 transcript is a sophisticated mechanism modulating MT dynamics: a full-length isoform regulates MT plus end–tracking protein binding at plus ends, whereas shorter isoforms promote their depolymerization beneath the cell cortex. Our study thus pinpoints Fignl1 as a multifaceted key player in MT remodeling underlying motor circuit connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Fassier
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Université Paris 6, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Unité de Neuroscience Paris Seine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8246, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1130, Paris, France
| | - Amélie Fréal
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Université Paris 6, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Unité de Neuroscience Paris Seine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8246, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1130, Paris, France
| | - Laïla Gasmi
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Université Paris 6, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Unité de Neuroscience Paris Seine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8246, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1130, Paris, France
| | - Christian Delphin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1216, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Daniel Ten Martin
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Université Paris 6, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Unité de Neuroscience Paris Seine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8246, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1130, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie De Gois
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Université Paris 6, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Unité de Neuroscience Paris Seine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8246, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1130, Paris, France
| | - Monica Tambalo
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Université Paris 6, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Unité de Neuroscience Paris Seine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8246, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1130, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Bosc
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1216, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Mailly
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Céline Revenu
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Leticia Peris
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1216, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Susanne Bolte
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Université Paris 6, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique FR3631, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Schneider-Maunoury
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Université Paris 6, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Biologie du Développement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7622, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Houart
- Medical Research Council Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital Campus, London, England, UK
| | - Fatiha Nothias
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Université Paris 6, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Unité de Neuroscience Paris Seine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8246, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1130, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Larcher
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Université Paris 6, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Biologie du Développement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7622, Paris, France
| | - Annie Andrieux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1216, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Jamilé Hazan
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Université Paris 6, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Unité de Neuroscience Paris Seine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8246, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1130, Paris, France
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PiT2 regulates neuronal outgrowth through interaction with microtubule-associated protein 1B. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17850. [PMID: 29259219 PMCID: PMC5736545 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17953-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PiT2 is a member of the inorganic phosphate transporter family, and is extensively expressed in the nervous system. It was found that loop7 domain of PiT2 is not required for retroviral recognition and transport function. The exact functions of loop7 remain poorly understood. Here we show that loop7 of PiT2 is necessary for the transport of PiT2 protein to the cell surface. Further, loop7 is also related to the outgrowth of neurite in Neuro2A cells interacts with the light chain 1 of microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B). PiT2 with mutated MAP1B binding sites affect neurite outgrowth whereas Pi transport function deficient mutants of PiT2 do not. We also show that Drosophila dPiT interacts with microtubule-associated protein Futsch, and dPiT is crucial for the normal development of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). These results indicate that PiT2 might participate in the regulation of neuronal outgrowth by interacting with MAP1B and independently of its Pi transport function in the nervous system.
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35
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Logan CM, Bowen CJ, Menko AS. Functional role for stable microtubules in lens fiber cell elongation. Exp Cell Res 2017; 362:477-488. [PMID: 29253534 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The process of tissue morphogenesis, especially for tissues reliant on the establishment of a specific cytoarchitecture for their functionality, depends a balanced interplay between cytoskeletal elements and their interactions with cell adhesion molecules. The microtubule cytoskeleton, which has many roles in the cell, is a determinant of directional cell migration, a process that underlies many aspects of development. We investigated the role of microtubules in development of the lens, a tissue where cell elongation underlies morphogenesis. Our studies with the microtubule depolymerizing agent nocodazole revealed an essential function for the acetylated population of stable microtubules in the elongation of lens fiber cells, which was linked to their regulation of the activation state of myosin. Suppressing myosin activation with the inhibitor blebbistatin could attenuate the loss of acetylated microtubules by nocodazole and rescue the effect of this microtubule depolymerization agent on both fiber cell elongation and lens integrity. Our results also suggest that acetylated microtubules impact lens morphogenesis through their interaction with N-cadherin junctions, with which they specifically associate in the region where lens fiber cell elongate. Disruption of the stable microtubule network increased N-cadherin junctional organization along lateral borders of differentiating lens fiber cells, which was prevented by suppression of myosin activity. These results reveal a role for the stable microtubule population in lens fiber cell elongation, acting in tandem with N-cadherin cell-cell junctions and the actomyosin network, giving insight into the cooperative role these systems play in tissue morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M Logan
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States.
| | - Caitlin J Bowen
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States.
| | - A Sue Menko
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States.
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36
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Li X, Xu L, Sun G, Wu X, Bai X, Li J, Strauss JF, Zhang Z, Wang H. Spag6 Mutant Mice Have Defects in Development and Function of Spiral Ganglion Neurons, Apoptosis, and Higher Sensitivity to Paclitaxel. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8638. [PMID: 28819108 PMCID: PMC5561245 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08739-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian Sperm Associated Antigen 6 (SPAG6) is the orthologue of Chlamydomonas PF16, a protein localized in the axoneme central apparatus. Recent studies showed that Spag6 has a role in brain neuronal proliferation and differentiation. The mammalian spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) are specialzed bipolar neurons in the inner ear. However, the role of SPAG6 in SGN has not been elucidated. Therefore, We hypothesized that a Spag6 knockout would affect the development and function of SGNs. We utilized Spag6-deficient mice and SGN explants to define the role of SPAG6. On postnatal day 30 (P30) mutant mice had lower SGN density compared to their wild-type littermates, and more apoptosis was evident in the mutants. Increased Bax expression, a disturbed distribution of cytochrome c, and cleaved caspase-3 positive staining indicated that increased apoptosis involved a mitochondrial pathway. Transmission electron microscopy revealed abnormalities in the ultrastructure of mutant SGNs as early as P7. In vitro, lack of SPAG6 affected the growth of neurites and growth cones. Additionally, SPAG6 deficiency decreased synapse density in SGN explants. Finally, Spag6 mutant SGNs were more sensitive to the microtubule stabilizing agent, paclitaxel. These findings suggest that Spag6 plays a crucial role in SGN development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Li
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, PR China
| | - Lei Xu
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Gaoying Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xianmin Wu
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Bai
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, PR China
| | - Jerome F Strauss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Zhibing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
| | - Haibo Wang
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, PR China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, PR China.
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Rab35 Functions in Axon Elongation Are Regulated by P53-Related Protein Kinase in a Mechanism That Involves Rab35 Protein Degradation and the Microtubule-Associated Protein 1B. J Neurosci 2017; 36:7298-313. [PMID: 27383602 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4064-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Rab35 is a key protein for cargo loading in the recycling endosome. In neuronal immortalized cells, Rab35 promotes neurite differentiation. Here we describe that Rab35 favors axon elongation in rat primary neurons in an activity-dependent manner. In addition, we show that the p53-related protein kinase (PRPK) negatively regulates axonal elongation by reducing Rab35 protein levels through the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway. PRPK-induced Rab35 degradation is regulated by its interaction with microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B), a microtubule stabilizing binding protein essential for axon elongation. Consistently, axon defects found in MAP1B knock-out neurons were reversed by Rab35 overexpression or PRPK inactivation suggesting an epistatic relationship among these proteins. These results define a novel mechanism to support axonal elongation, by which MAP1B prevents PRPK-induced Rab35 degradation. Such a mechanism allows Rab35-mediated axonal elongation and connects the regulation of actin dynamics with membrane trafficking. In addition, our study reveals for the first time that the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway regulates a Rab GTPase. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Rab35 is required for axonal outgrowth. We define that its protein levels are negatively regulated by p53-related protein kinase (PRPK). We show that microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B) interacts with PRPK, preventing PRPK-dependent Rab35 proteasome degradation. We demonstrate that Rab35 regulates Cdc42 activity in neurons. This is the first evidence showing that a Rab protein is regulated by degradation dependent on the ubiquitin-proteasome system.
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38
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Rajman M, Schratt G. MicroRNAs in neural development: from master regulators to fine-tuners. Development 2017; 144:2310-2322. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.144337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The proper formation and function of neuronal networks is required for cognition and behavior. Indeed, pathophysiological states that disrupt neuronal networks can lead to neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism, schizophrenia or intellectual disability. It is well-established that transcriptional programs play major roles in neural circuit development. However, in recent years, post-transcriptional control of gene expression has emerged as an additional, and probably equally important, regulatory layer. In particular, it has been shown that microRNAs (miRNAs), an abundant class of small regulatory RNAs, can regulate neuronal circuit development, maturation and function by controlling, for example, local mRNA translation. It is also becoming clear that miRNAs are frequently dysregulated in neurodevelopmental disorders, suggesting a role for miRNAs in the etiology and/or maintenance of neurological disease states. Here, we provide an overview of the most prominent regulatory miRNAs that control neural development, highlighting how they act as ‘master regulators’ or ‘fine-tuners’ of gene expression, depending on context, to influence processes such as cell fate determination, cell migration, neuronal polarization and synapse formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Rajman
- Biochemisch-Pharmakologisches Centrum, Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schratt
- Biochemisch-Pharmakologisches Centrum, Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany
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Armijo-Weingart L, Gallo G. It takes a village to raise a branch: Cellular mechanisms of the initiation of axon collateral branches. Mol Cell Neurosci 2017; 84:36-47. [PMID: 28359843 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of axon collateral branches from the pre-existing shafts of axons is an important aspect of neurodevelopment and the response of the nervous system to injury. This article provides an overview of the role of the cytoskeleton and signaling mechanisms in the formation of axon collateral branches. Both the actin filament and microtubule components of the cytoskeleton are required for the formation of axon branches. Recent work has begun to shed light on how these two elements of the cytoskeleton are integrated by proteins that functionally or physically link the cytoskeleton. While a number of signaling pathways have been determined as having a role in the formation of axon branches, the complexity of the downstream mechanisms and links to specific signaling pathways remain to be fully determined. The regulation of intra-axonal protein synthesis and organelle function are also emerging as components of signal-induced axon branching. Although much has been learned in the last couple of decades about the mechanistic basis of axon branching we can look forward to continue elucidating this complex biological phenomenon with the aim of understanding how multiple signaling pathways, cytoskeletal regulators and organelles are coordinated locally along the axon to give rise to a branch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Armijo-Weingart
- Shriners Pediatric Research Center, Temple University, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, 3500 North Broad St, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Gianluca Gallo
- Shriners Pediatric Research Center, Temple University, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, 3500 North Broad St, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States.
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MAP7 Regulates Axon Collateral Branch Development in Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons. J Neurosci 2017; 37:1648-1661. [PMID: 28069923 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3260-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Collateral branches from axons are key components of functional neural circuits that allow neurons to connect with multiple synaptic targets. Like axon growth and guidance, formation of collateral branches depends on the regulation of microtubules, but how such regulation is coordinated to ensure proper circuit development is not known. Based on microarray analysis, we have identified a role for microtubule-associated protein 7 (MAP7) during collateral branch development of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons. We show that MAP7 is expressed at the onset of collateral branch formation. Perturbation of its expression by overexpression or shRNA knockdown alters axon branching in cultured DRG neurons. Localization and time-lapse imaging analysis reveals that MAP7 is enriched at branch points and colocalizes with stable microtubules, but enters the new branch with a delay, suggesting a role in branch maturation. We have also investigated a spontaneous mutant mouse that expresses a truncated MAP7 and found a gain-of-function phenotype both in vitro and in vivo Further domain analysis suggests that the amino half of MAP7 is responsible for branch formation, suggesting a mechanism that is independent of its known interaction with kinesin. Moreover, this mouse exhibits increased pain sensitivity, a phenotype that is consistent with increased collateral branch formation. Therefore, our study not only uncovers the first neuronal function of MAP7, but also demonstrates the importance of proper microtubule regulation in neural circuit development. Furthermore, our data provide new insights into microtubule regulation during axonal morphogenesis and may shed light on MAP7 function in neurological disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neurons communicate with multiple targets by forming axonal branches. In search of intrinsic factors that control collateral branch development, we identified a role for microtubule-associated protein 7 (MAP7) in dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons. We show that MAP7 expression is developmentally regulated and perturbation of this expression alters branch formation. Cell biological analysis indicates that MAP7 promotes branch maturation. Analysis of a spontaneous mouse mutant suggests a molecular mechanism for branch regulation and the potential influence of collateral branches on pain sensitivity. Our studies thus establish the first neuronal function of MAP7 and demonstrate its role in branch morphogenesis and neural circuit function. These findings may help in our understanding of the contribution of MAP7 to neurological disorders and nerve regeneration.
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41
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Miyata S. Advances in Understanding of Structural Reorganization in the Hypothalamic Neurosecretory System. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:275. [PMID: 29089925 PMCID: PMC5650978 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic neurosecretory system synthesizes neuropeptides in hypothalamic nuclei and releases them from axonal terminals into the circulation in the neurohypophysis (NH) and median eminence (ME). This system plays a crucial role in regulating body fluid homeostasis and social behaviors as well as reproduction, growth, metabolism, and stress responses, and activity-dependent structural reorganization has been reported. Current knowledge on dynamic structural reorganization in the NH and ME, in which the axonal terminals of neurosecretory neurons directly contact the basement membrane (BM) of a fenestrated vasculature, is discussed herein. Glial cells, pituicytes in the NH and tanycytes in the ME, engulf axonal terminals and interpose their cellular processes between axonal terminals and the BM when hormonal demands are low. Increasing demands for neurosecretion result in the retraction of the cellular processes of glial cells from axonal terminals and the BM, permitting increased neurovascular contact. The shape conversion of pituicytes and tanycytes is mediated by neurotransmitters and sex steroid hormones, respectively. The NH and ME have a rough vascular BM profile of wide perivascular spaces and specialized extension structures called "perivascular protrusions." Perivascular protrusions, the insides of which are occupied by the cellular processes of vascular mural cells pericytes, contribute to increasing neurovascular contact and, thus, the efficient diffusion of hypothalamic neuropeptides. A chronic physiological stimulation has been shown to increase perivascular protrusions via the shape conversion of pericytes and the profile of the vascular surface. Continuous angiogenesis occurs in the NH and ME of healthy normal adult rodents depending on the signaling of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The inhibition of VEGF signaling suppresses the proliferation of endothelial cells (ECs) and promotes their apoptosis, which results in decreases in the population of ECs and axonal terminals. Pituicytes and tanycytes are continuously replaced by the proliferation and differentiation of stem/progenitor cells, which may be regulated by matching those of ECs and axonal terminals. In conclusion, structural reorganization in the NH and ME is caused by the activity-dependent shape conversion of glial cells and vascular mural cells as well as the proliferation of endothelial and glial cells by angiogenesis and gliogenesis, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Miyata
- Department of Applied Biology, The Center for Advanced Insect Research Promotion (CAIRP), Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
- *Correspondence: Seiji Miyata,
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42
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Pacheco A, Gallo G. Actin filament-microtubule interactions in axon initiation and branching. Brain Res Bull 2016; 126:300-310. [PMID: 27491623 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurons begin life as spherical cells. A major hallmark of neuronal development is the formation of elongating processes from the cell body which subsequently differentiate into dendrites and the axon. The formation and later development of neuronal processes is achieved through the concerted organization of actin filaments and microtubules. Here, we review the literature regarding recent advances in the understanding of cytoskeletal interactions in neurons focusing on the initiation of processes from neuronal cell bodies and the collateral branching of axons. The complex crosstalk between cytoskeletal elements is mediated by a cohort of proteins that either bind both cytoskeletal systems or allow one to regulate the other. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of microtubule plus-tip proteins in the regulation of the dynamics and organization of actin filaments, while also providing a mechanism for the subcellular capture and guidance of microtubule tips by actin filaments. Although the understanding of cytoskeletal crosstalk and interactions in neuronal morphogenesis has advanced significantly in recent years the appreciation of the neuron as an integrated cytoskeletal system remains a frontier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Pacheco
- Temple University, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Gianluca Gallo
- Temple University, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States.
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Microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B)-deficient neurons show structural presynaptic deficiencies in vitro and altered presynaptic physiology. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30069. [PMID: 27425640 PMCID: PMC4948024 DOI: 10.1038/srep30069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B) is expressed predominantly during the early stages of development of the nervous system, where it regulates processes such as axonal guidance and elongation. Nevertheless, MAP1B expression in the brain persists in adult stages, where it participates in the regulation of the structure and physiology of dendritic spines in glutamatergic synapses. Moreover, MAP1B expression is also found in presynaptic synaptosomal preparations. In this work, we describe a presynaptic phenotype in mature neurons derived from MAP1B knockout (MAP1B KO) mice. Mature neurons express MAP1B, and its deficiency does not alter the expression levels of a subgroup of other synaptic proteins. MAP1B KO neurons display a decrease in the density of presynaptic and postsynaptic terminals, which involves a reduction in the density of synaptic contacts, and an increased proportion of orphan presynaptic terminals. Accordingly, MAP1B KO neurons present altered synaptic vesicle fusion events, as shown by FM4-64 release assay, and a decrease in the density of both synaptic vesicles and dense core vesicles at presynaptic terminals. Finally, an increased proportion of excitatory immature symmetrical synaptic contacts in MAP1B KO neurons was detected. Altogether these results suggest a novel role for MAP1B in presynaptic structure and physiology regulation in vitro.
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44
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Barnat M, Benassy MN, Vincensini L, Soares S, Fassier C, Propst F, Andrieux A, von Boxberg Y, Nothias F. The GSK3–MAP1B pathway controls neurite branching and microtubule dynamics. Mol Cell Neurosci 2016; 72:9-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Menon S, Gupton SL. Building Blocks of Functioning Brain: Cytoskeletal Dynamics in Neuronal Development. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 322:183-245. [PMID: 26940519 PMCID: PMC4809367 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neural connectivity requires proper polarization of neurons, guidance to appropriate target locations, and establishment of synaptic connections. From when neurons are born to when they finally reach their synaptic partners, neurons undergo constant rearrangment of the cytoskeleton to achieve appropriate shape and polarity. Of particular importance to neuronal guidance to target locations is the growth cone at the tip of the axon. Growth-cone steering is also dictated by the underlying cytoskeleton. All these changes require spatiotemporal control of the cytoskeletal machinery. This review summarizes the proteins that are involved in modulating the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton during the various stages of neuronal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Menon
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Stephanie L Gupton
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America; Neuroscience Center and Curriculum in Neurobiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America.
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46
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Choi Y, Noh H(M. Peripheral nerve regeneration monitoring using multilayer microchannel scaffolds. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:422-3. [PMID: 27127479 PMCID: PMC4829005 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.179052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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47
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Gödel M, Temerinac D, Grahammer F, Hartleben B, Kretz O, Riederer BM, Propst F, Kohl S, Huber TB. Microtubule Associated Protein 1b (MAP1B) Is a Marker of the Microtubular Cytoskeleton in Podocytes but Is Not Essential for the Function of the Kidney Filtration Barrier in Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140116. [PMID: 26448484 PMCID: PMC4598083 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocytes are essential for the function of the kidney glomerular filter. A highly differentiated cytoskeleton is requisite for their integrity. Although much knowledge has been gained on the organization of cortical actin networks in podocyte's foot processes, less is known about the molecular organization of the microtubular cytoskeleton in primary processes and the cell body. To gain an insight into the organization of the microtubular cytoskeleton of the podocyte, we systematically analyzed the expression of microtubule associated proteins (Maps), a family of microtubules interacting proteins with known functions as regulator, scaffold and guidance proteins. We identified microtubule associated protein 1b (MAP1B) to be specifically enriched in podocytes in human and rodent kidney. Using immunogold labeling in electron microscopy, we were able to demonstrate an enrichment of MAP1B in primary processes. A similar association of MAP1B with the microtubule cytoskeleton was detected in cultured podocytes. Subcellular distribution of MAP1B HC and LC1 was analyzed using a double fluorescent reporter MAP1B fusion protein. Subsequently we analyzed mice constitutively depleted of MAP1B. Interestingly, MAP1B KO was not associated with any functional or structural alterations pointing towards a redundancy of MAP proteins in podocytes. In summary, we established MAP1B as a specific marker protein of the podocyte microtubular cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Gödel
- Renal Division, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (MG); (TBH)
| | - Dunja Temerinac
- Renal Division, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian Grahammer
- Renal Division, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Björn Hartleben
- Renal Division, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Kretz
- Renal Division, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Beat M. Riederer
- Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Proteomics Unit, Psychiatric Hospital, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Friedrich Propst
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories (MFPL), University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Kohl
- Renal Division, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tobias B. Huber
- Renal Division, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Center for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology (ZBSA), Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (MG); (TBH)
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Mutations in the microtubule-associated protein 1A (Map1a) gene cause Purkinje cell degeneration. J Neurosci 2015; 35:4587-98. [PMID: 25788676 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2757-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) are critical for the organization of neuronal microtubules (MTs). Microtubule-associated protein 1A (MAP1A) is one of the most abundantly expressed MAPs in the mammalian brain. However, its in vivo function remains largely unknown. Here we describe a spontaneous mouse mutation, nm2719, which causes tremors, ataxia, and loss of cerebellar Purkinje neurons in aged homozygous mice. The nm2719 mutation disrupts the Map1a gene. We show that targeted deletion of mouse Map1a gene leads to similar neurodegenerative defects. Before neuron death, Map1a mutant Purkinje cells exhibited abnormal focal swellings of dendritic shafts and disruptions in axon initial segment (AIS) morphology. Furthermore, the MT network was reduced in the somatodendritic and AIS compartments, and both the heavy and light chains of MAP1B, another brain-enriched MAP, was aberrantly distributed in the soma and dendrites of mutant Purkinje cells. MAP1A has been reported to bind to the membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) scaffolding proteins, as well as to MTs. Indeed, PSD-93, the MAGUK specifically enriched in Purkinje cells, was reduced in Map1a(-/-) Purkinje cells. These results demonstrate that MAP1A functions to maintain both the neuronal MT network and the level of PSD-93 in neurons of the mammalian brain.
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Ketschek A, Jones S, Spillane M, Korobova F, Svitkina T, Gallo G. Nerve growth factor promotes reorganization of the axonal microtubule array at sites of axon collateral branching. Dev Neurobiol 2015; 75:1441-61. [PMID: 25846486 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The localized debundling of the axonal microtubule array and the entry of microtubules into axonal filopodia are two defining features of collateral branching. We report that nerve growth factor (NGF), a branch-inducing signal, increases the frequency of microtubule debundling along the axon shaft of chicken embryonic sensory neurons. Sites of debundling correlate strongly with the localized targeting of microtubules into filopodia. Platinum replica electron microscopy suggests physical interactions between debundled microtubules and axonal actin filaments. However, as evidenced by depolymerization of actin filaments and inhibition of myosin II, actomyosin force generation does not promote debundling. In contrast, loss of actin filaments or inhibition of myosin II activity promotes debundling, indicating that axonal actomyosin forces suppress debundling. MAP1B is a microtubule associated protein that represses axon branching. Following treatment with NGF, microtubules penetrating filopodia during the early stages of branching exhibited lower levels of associated MAP1B. NGF increased and decreased the levels of MAP1B phosphorylated at a GSK-3β site (pMAP1B) along the axon shaft and within axonal filopodia, respectively. The levels of MAP1B and pMAP1B were not altered at sites of debundling, relative to the rest of the axon. Unlike the previously determined effects of NGF on the axonal actin cytoskeleton, the effects of NGF on microtubule debundling were not affected by inhibition of protein synthesis. Collectively, these data indicate that NGF promotes localized axonal microtubule debundling, that actomyosin forces antagonize microtubule debundling, and that NGF regulates pMAP1B in axonal filopodia during the early stages of collateral branch formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ketschek
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19140
| | - Steven Jones
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
| | - Mirela Spillane
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19140
| | - Farida Korobova
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
| | - Tatyana Svitkina
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
| | - Gianluca Gallo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19140
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50
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Repulsive axon guidance by Draxin is mediated by protein Kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and microtubule-associated protein 1B. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119524. [PMID: 25775433 PMCID: PMC4361590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Draxin is an important axon guidance cue necessary for the formation of forebrain commissures including the corpus callosum, but the molecular details of draxin signaling are unknown. To unravel how draxin signals are propagated we used murine cortical neurons and genetic and pharmacological approaches. We found that draxin-induced growth cone collapse critically depends on draxin receptors (deleted in colorectal cancer, DCC), inhibition of protein kinase B/Akt, activation of GSK-3β (glycogen synthase kinase-3β) and the presence of microtubule-associated protein MAP1B. This study, for the first time elucidates molecular events in draxin repulsion, links draxin and DCC to MAP1B and identifies a novel MAP1B-depenent GSK-3β pathway essential for chemo-repulsive axon guidance cue signaling.
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