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Effiong UM, Khairandish H, Ramirez-Velez I, Wang Y, Belardi B. Turn-on protein switches for controlling actin binding in cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5840. [PMID: 38992021 PMCID: PMC11239668 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49934-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Within a shared cytoplasm, filamentous actin (F-actin) plays numerous and critical roles across the cell body. Cells rely on actin-binding proteins (ABPs) to organize F-actin and to integrate its polymeric characteristics into diverse cellular processes. Yet, the multitude of ABPs that engage with and shape F-actin make studying a single ABP's influence on cellular activities a significant challenge. Moreover, without a means of manipulating actin-binding subcellularly, harnessing the F-actin cytoskeleton for synthetic biology purposes remains elusive. Here, we describe a suite of designed proteins, Controllable Actin-binding Switch Tools (CASTs), whose actin-binding behavior can be controlled with external stimuli. CASTs were developed that respond to different external inputs, providing options for turn-on kinetics and enabling orthogonality and multiplexing. Being genetically encoded, we show that CASTs can be inserted into native protein sequences to control F-actin association locally and engineered into structures to control cell and tissue shape and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unyime M Effiong
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Hannah Khairandish
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Isabela Ramirez-Velez
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Yanran Wang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Brian Belardi
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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2
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Curto Y, Carceller H, Klimczak P, Perez-Rando M, Wang Q, Grewe K, Kawaguchi R, Rizzoli S, Geschwind D, Nave KA, Teruel-Marti V, Singh M, Ehrenreich H, Nácher J. Erythropoietin restrains the inhibitory potential of interneurons in the mouse hippocampus. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02528-2. [PMID: 38622200 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02528-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Severe psychiatric illnesses, for instance schizophrenia, and affective diseases or autism spectrum disorders, have been associated with cognitive impairment and perturbed excitatory-inhibitory balance in the brain. Effects in juvenile mice can elucidate how erythropoietin (EPO) might aid in rectifying hippocampal transcriptional networks and synaptic structures of pyramidal lineages, conceivably explaining mitigation of neuropsychiatric diseases. An imminent conundrum is how EPO restores synapses by involving interneurons. By analyzing ~12,000 single-nuclei transcriptomic data, we generated a comprehensive molecular atlas of hippocampal interneurons, resolved into 15 interneuron subtypes. Next, we studied molecular alterations upon recombinant human (rh)EPO and saw that gene expression changes relate to synaptic structure, trans-synaptic signaling and intracellular catabolic pathways. Putative ligand-receptor interactions between pyramidal and inhibitory neurons, regulating synaptogenesis, are altered upon rhEPO. An array of in/ex vivo experiments confirms that specific interneuronal populations exhibit reduced dendritic complexity, synaptic connectivity, and changes in plasticity-related molecules. Metabolism and inhibitory potential of interneuron subgroups are compromised, leading to greater excitability of pyramidal neurons. To conclude, improvement by rhEPO of neuropsychiatric phenotypes may partly owe to restrictive control over interneurons, facilitating re-connectivity and synapse development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina Curto
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, City Campus, Göttingen, Germany
- Neuroplasticity Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Héctor Carceller
- Neuroplasticity Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
- Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Patrycja Klimczak
- Neuroplasticity Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
- Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Perez-Rando
- Neuroplasticity Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
- Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Qing Wang
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Katharina Grewe
- Department of Neuro- & Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Silvio Rizzoli
- Department of Neuro- & Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Geschwind
- Institute of Precision Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, City Campus, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vicent Teruel-Marti
- Neuronal Circuits Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Human Embryology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manvendra Singh
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, City Campus, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Hannelore Ehrenreich
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, City Campus, Göttingen, Germany.
- Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany.
- Experimental Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J 5, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Juan Nácher
- Neuroplasticity Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.
- Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
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3
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Effiong UM, Khairandish H, Ramirez-Velez I, Wang Y, Belardi B. Turn-On Protein Switches for Controlling Actin Binding in Cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.26.561921. [PMID: 37961502 PMCID: PMC10634840 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.26.561921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Within a shared cytoplasm, filamentous actin (F-actin) plays numerous and critical roles across the cell body. Cells rely on actin-binding proteins (ABPs) to organize F-actin and to integrate its polymeric characteristics into diverse cellular processes. Yet, the multitude of ABPs that engage with and shape F-actin make studying a single ABP's influence on cellular activities a significant challenge. Moreover, without a means of manipulating actin-binding subcellularly, harnessing the F-actin cytoskeleton for synthetic biology purposes remains elusive. Here, we describe a suite of designed proteins, Controllable Actin-binding Switch Tools (CASTs), whose actin-binding behavior can be controlled with external stimuli. CASTs were developed that respond to different external inputs, providing options for turn-on kinetics and enabling orthogonality. Being genetically encoded, we show that CASTs can be inserted into native protein sequences to control F-actin association locally and engineered into new structures to control cell and tissue shape and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unyime M. Effiong
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Hannah Khairandish
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Isabela Ramirez-Velez
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Yanran Wang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Brian Belardi
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
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4
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Roos A, van der Ven PFM, Alrohaif H, Kölbel H, Heil L, Della Marina A, Weis J, Aßent M, Beck-Wödl S, Barresi R, Töpf A, O’Connor K, Sickmann A, Kohlschmidt N, El Gizouli M, Meyer N, Daya N, Grande V, Bois K, Kaiser FJ, Vorgerd M, Schröder C, Schara-Schmidt U, Gangfuss A, Evangelista T, Röbisch L, Hentschel A, Grüneboom A, Fuerst DO, Kuechler A, Tzschach A, Depienne C, Lochmüller H. Bi-allelic variants of FILIP1 cause congenital myopathy, dysmorphism and neurological defects. Brain 2023; 146:4200-4216. [PMID: 37163662 PMCID: PMC10545528 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Filamin-A-interacting protein 1 (FILIP1) is a structural protein that is involved in neuronal and muscle function and integrity and interacts with FLNa and FLNc. Pathogenic variants in filamin-encoding genes have been linked to neurological disorders (FLNA) and muscle diseases characterized by myofibrillar perturbations (FLNC), but human diseases associated with FILIP1 variants have not yet been described. Here, we report on five patients from four unrelated consanguineous families with homozygous FILIP1 variants (two nonsense and two missense). Functional studies indicated altered stability of the FILIP1 protein carrying the p.[Pro1133Leu] variant. Patients exhibit a broad spectrum of neurological symptoms including brain malformations, neurodevelopmental delay, muscle weakness and pathology and dysmorphic features. Electron and immunofluorescence microscopy on the muscle biopsy derived from the patient harbouring the homozygous p.[Pro1133Leu] missense variant revealed core-like zones of myofibrillar disintegration, autophagic vacuoles and accumulation of FLNc. Proteomic studies on the fibroblasts derived from the same patient showed dysregulation of a variety of proteins including FLNc and alpha-B-crystallin, a finding (confirmed by immunofluorescence) which is in line with the manifestation of symptoms associated with the syndromic phenotype of FILIP1opathy. The combined findings of this study show that the loss of functional FILIP1 leads to a recessive disorder characterized by neurological and muscular manifestations as well as dysmorphic features accompanied by perturbed proteostasis and myopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Roos
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Peter F M van der Ven
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Hadil Alrohaif
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
- Kuwait Medical Genetics Center, Sabah Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Heike Kölbel
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Lorena Heil
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Adela Della Marina
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Joachim Weis
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marvin Aßent
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefanie Beck-Wödl
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Ana Töpf
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Kaela O’Connor
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Albert Sickmann
- Department of Bioanalytics, Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Magdeldin El Gizouli
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Nancy Meyer
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Nassam Daya
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Valentina Grande
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Karin Bois
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank J Kaiser
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Vorgerd
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Christopher Schröder
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schara-Schmidt
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Andrea Gangfuss
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Teresinha Evangelista
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
- Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center, Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP, Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Luisa Röbisch
- Department of Bioanalytics, Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andreas Hentschel
- Department of Bioanalytics, Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Anika Grüneboom
- Department of Bioanalytics, Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dieter O Fuerst
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alma Kuechler
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Tzschach
- Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christel Depienne
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
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5
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Grande V, Schuld J, van der Ven PFM, Gruss OJ, Fürst DO. Filamin-A-interacting protein 1 (FILIP1) is a dual compartment protein linking myofibrils and microtubules during myogenic differentiation and upon mechanical stress. Cell Tissue Res 2023:10.1007/s00441-023-03776-4. [PMID: 37178194 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03776-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Variations in the gene encoding filamin-A-interacting protein 1 (FILIP1) were identified to be associated with a combination of neurological and muscular symptoms. While FILIP1 was shown to regulate motility of brain ventricular zone cells, a process important for corticogenesis, the function of the protein in muscle cells has been less well characterized. The expression of FILIP1 in regenerating muscle fibres predicted a role in early muscle differentiation. Here we analysed expression and localization of FILIP1 and its binding partners filamin-C (FLNc) and microtubule plus-end-binding protein EB3 in differentiating cultured myotubes and adult skeletal muscle. Prior to the development of cross-striated myofibrils, FILIP1 is associated with microtubules and colocalizes with EB3. During further myofibril maturation its localization changes, and FILIP1 localizes to myofibrillar Z-discs together with the actin-binding protein FLNc. Forced contractions of myotubes by electrical pulse stimulation (EPS) induce focal disruptions in myofibrils and translocation of both proteins from Z-discs to these lesions, suggesting a role in induction and/or repair of these structures. The immediate proximity of tyrosylated, dynamic microtubules and EB3 to lesions implies that also these play a role in these processes. This implication is supported by the fact that in nocodazole-treated myotubes that lack functional microtubules, the number of lesions induced by EPS is significantly reduced. In summary, we here show that FILIP1 is a cytolinker protein that is associated with both microtubules and actin filaments, and might play a role in the assembly of myofibrils and their stabilization upon mechanical stress to protect them from damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Grande
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Ulrich-Haberland-Str. 61a, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia Schuld
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Ulrich-Haberland-Str. 61a, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter F M van der Ven
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Ulrich-Haberland-Str. 61a, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver J Gruss
- Institute of Genetics, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Str. 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dieter O Fürst
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Ulrich-Haberland-Str. 61a, 53121, Bonn, Germany.
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6
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Schnabel F, Schuler E, Al-Maawali A, Chaurasia A, Syrbe S, Al-Kindi A, Bhavani GS, Shukla A, Altmüller J, Nürnberg P, Banka S, Girisha KM, Li Y, Wollnik B, Yigit G. Homozygous loss-of-function variants in FILIP1 cause autosomal recessive arthrogryposis multiplex congenita with microcephaly. Hum Genet 2023; 142:543-552. [PMID: 36943452 PMCID: PMC10060356 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-023-02528-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita forms a broad group of clinically and etiologically heterogeneous disorders characterized by congenital joint contractures that involve at least two different parts of the body. Neurological and muscular disorders are commonly underlying arthrogryposis. Here, we report five affected individuals from three independent families sharing an overlapping phenotype with congenital contractures affecting shoulder, elbow, hand, hip, knee and foot as well as scoliosis, reduced palmar and plantar skin folds, microcephaly and facial dysmorphism. Using exome sequencing, we identified homozygous truncating variants in FILIP1 in all patients. FILIP1 is a regulator of filamin homeostasis required for the initiation of cortical cell migration in the developing neocortex and essential for the differentiation process of cross-striated muscle cells during myogenesis. In summary, our data indicate that bi-allelic truncating variants in FILIP1 are causative of a novel autosomal recessive disorder and expand the spectrum of genetic factors causative of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Schnabel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Heinrich-Düker-Weg 12, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Hospitals and Clinics, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Schuler
- Division of Paediatric Epileptology, Centre for Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Almundher Al-Maawali
- Department of Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Genetic and Developmental Medicine Clinic, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ankur Chaurasia
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Steffen Syrbe
- Division of Paediatric Epileptology, Centre for Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adila Al-Kindi
- Department of Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Genetic and Developmental Medicine Clinic, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Gandham SriLakshmi Bhavani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Anju Shukla
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Core Facility Genomics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Siddharth Banka
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Health Innovation Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Katta M Girisha
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Yun Li
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Heinrich-Düker-Weg 12, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Wollnik
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Heinrich-Düker-Weg 12, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: From Molecular Machines To Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Gökhan Yigit
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Heinrich-Düker-Weg 12, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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7
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Takeuchi S, Fukumoto T, Takemori C, Saito N, Nishigori C, Sato M. Cell migration is impaired in XPA-deficient cells. FASEB Bioadv 2023; 5:53-61. [PMID: 36816512 PMCID: PMC9927838 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2022-00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a hereditary disorder characterized by photosensitivity, predisposition to skin cancers, and neurological abnormalities including microcephaly and progressive neurodegeneration. A lack of nucleotide excision repair (NER) in patients with XP can cause hypersensitivity to the sun, leading to skin cancer, whereas the etiology of the neuronal symptoms of XP remains ambiguous. There are various neurological disorders that perturb neuronal migration, causing mislocalization and disorganization of the cortical lamination. Here, we investigated the role of the XP group-A (Xpa) gene in directed cell migration. First, we adopted an in utero electroporation method to transduce shRNA vectors into the murine embryonic cerebral cortex for the in vivo knockdown of Xpa. Xpa-knockdown neurons in the embryonic cerebral cortex showed abnormal cell migration, cell cycle exit, and differentiation. The genotype-phenotype relationship between the lack of XPA and cell migration abnormalities was confirmed using both a scratch assay and time-lapse microscopy in XP-A patient-derived fibroblasts. Unlike healthy cells, these cells showed impairment in overall mobility and the direction of motility. Therefore, abnormal cell migration may explain neural tissue abnormalities in patients with XP-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Takeuchi
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal RelatedKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
- Division of Cell Biology and NeuroscienceDepartment of Morphological and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of FukuiFukuiJapan
| | - Takeshi Fukumoto
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal RelatedKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Chihiro Takemori
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal RelatedKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Naoaki Saito
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Biosignal Research CenterKobe UniversityKobeJapan
| | - Chikako Nishigori
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal RelatedKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
- Department of iPS cell applicationsGraduate School of Medicine, Kobe UniversityKobeJapan
| | - Makoto Sato
- Division of Cell Biology and NeuroscienceDepartment of Morphological and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of FukuiFukuiJapan
- Department of Anatomy and NeuroscienceGraduate School of Medicine, Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- United Graduate School of Child DevelopmentOsaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui (UGSCD)OsakaJapan
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8
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Andrews MG, Subramanian L, Salma J, Kriegstein AR. How mechanisms of stem cell polarity shape the human cerebral cortex. Nat Rev Neurosci 2022; 23:711-724. [PMID: 36180551 PMCID: PMC10571506 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-022-00631-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Apical-basal progenitor cell polarity establishes key features of the radial and laminar architecture of the developing human cortex. The unique diversity of cortical stem cell populations and an expansion of progenitor population size in the human cortex have been mirrored by an increase in the complexity of cellular processes that regulate stem cell morphology and behaviour, including their polarity. The study of human cells in primary tissue samples and human stem cell-derived model systems (such as cortical organoids) has provided insight into these processes, revealing that protein complexes regulate progenitor polarity by controlling cell membrane adherence within appropriate cortical niches and are themselves regulated by cytoskeletal proteins, signalling molecules and receptors, and cellular organelles. Studies exploring how cortical stem cell polarity is established and maintained are key for understanding the features of human brain development and have implications for neurological dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline G Andrews
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Lakshmi Subramanian
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Ideaya Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jahan Salma
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Arnold R Kriegstein
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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9
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Berto S, Treacher AH, Caglayan E, Luo D, Haney JR, Gandal MJ, Geschwind DH, Montillo AA, Konopka G. Association between resting-state functional brain connectivity and gene expression is altered in autism spectrum disorder. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3328. [PMID: 35680911 PMCID: PMC9184501 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31053-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression covaries with brain activity as measured by resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, it is unclear how genomic differences driven by disease state can affect this relationship. Here, we integrate from the ABIDE I and II imaging cohorts with datasets of gene expression in brains of neurotypical individuals and individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with regionally matched brain activity measurements from fMRI datasets. We identify genes linked with brain activity whose association is disrupted in ASD. We identified a subset of genes that showed a differential developmental trajectory in individuals with ASD compared with controls. These genes are enriched in voltage-gated ion channels and inhibitory neurons, pointing to excitation-inhibition imbalance in ASD. We further assessed differences at the regional level showing that the primary visual cortex is the most affected region in ASD. Our results link disrupted brain expression patterns of individuals with ASD to brain activity and show developmental, cell type, and regional enrichment of activity linked genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Berto
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Alex H Treacher
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Emre Caglayan
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Danni Luo
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jillian R Haney
- Program in Neurobehavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Michael J Gandal
- Program in Neurobehavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Program in Neurobehavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Albert A Montillo
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Genevieve Konopka
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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10
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Liu M, Xu Z, Zhang C, Yang C, Feng J, Lu Y, Zhang W, Chen W, Xu X, Sun X, Yang M, Liu W, Zhou T, Yang Y. NudC L279P Mutation Destabilizes Filamin A by Inhibiting the Hsp90 Chaperoning Pathway and Suppresses Cell Migration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:671233. [PMID: 34262899 PMCID: PMC8273881 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.671233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamin A, the first discovered non-muscle actin filament cross-linking protein, plays a crucial role in regulating cell migration that participates in diverse cellular and developmental processes. However, the regulatory mechanism of filamin A stability remains unclear. Here, we find that nuclear distribution gene C (NudC), a cochaperone of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), is required to stabilize filamin A in mammalian cells. Immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry and western blotting analyses reveal that NudC interacts with filamin A. Overexpression of human NudC-L279P (an evolutionarily conserved mutation in NudC that impairs its chaperone activity) not only decreases the protein level of filamin A but also results in actin disorganization and the suppression of cell migration. Ectopic expression of filamin A is able to reverse these defects induced by the overexpression of NudC-L279P. Furthermore, Hsp90 forms a complex with filamin A. The inhibition of Hsp90 ATPase activity by either geldanamycin or radicicol decreases the protein stability of filamin A. In addition, ectopic expression of Hsp90 efficiently restores NudC-L279P overexpression-induced protein stability and functional defects of filamin A. Taken together, these data suggest NudC L279P mutation destabilizes filamin A by inhibiting the Hsp90 chaperoning pathway and suppresses cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, and Institute of Gastroenterology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhangqi Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, and Institute of Gastroenterology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, and Institute of Gastroenterology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunxia Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, and Institute of Gastroenterology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxing Feng
- Department of Cell Biology, and Institute of Gastroenterology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Lu
- Department of Cell Biology, and Institute of Gastroenterology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, and Institute of Gastroenterology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, and Institute of Gastroenterology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, and Institute of Gastroenterology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, and Institute of Gastroenterology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingyang Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, and Institute of Gastroenterology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, and Institute of Gastroenterology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianhua Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, and Institute of Gastroenterology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,The Cancer Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yuehong Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, and Institute of Gastroenterology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Bozal-Basterra L, Gonzalez-Santamarta M, Muratore V, Martín-Martín N, Ercilla A, Rodríguez JA, Carracedo A, Sutherland JD, Barrio R. LUZP1 Controls Cell Division, Migration and Invasion Through Regulation of the Actin Cytoskeleton. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:624089. [PMID: 33869174 PMCID: PMC8049182 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.624089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
LUZP1 is a centrosomal and actin cytoskeleton-localizing protein that regulates both ciliogenesis and actin filament bundling. As the cytoskeleton and cilia are implicated in metastasis and tumor suppression, we examined roles for LUZP1 in the context of cancer. Here we show that LUZP1 exhibits frequent genomic aberrations in cancer, with a predominance of gene deletions. Furthermore, we demonstrate that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated loss of Luzp1 in mouse fibroblasts promotes cell migration and invasion features, reduces cell viability, and increases cell apoptosis, centriole numbers, and nuclear size while altering the actin cytoskeleton. Loss of Luzp1 also induced changes to ACTR3 (Actin Related Protein 3, also known as ARP3) and phospho-cofilin ratios, suggesting regulatory roles in actin polymerization, beyond its role in filament bundling. Our results point to an unprecedented role for LUZP1 in the regulation of cancer features through the control of actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bozal-Basterra
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - María Gonzalez-Santamarta
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Veronica Muratore
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Natalia Martín-Martín
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Amaia Ercilla
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A Rodríguez
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Arkaitz Carracedo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - James D Sutherland
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Rosa Barrio
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
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12
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Goodman CA, Davey JR, Hagg A, Parker BL, Gregorevic P. Dynamic Changes to the Skeletal Muscle Proteome and Ubiquitinome Induced by the E3 Ligase, ASB2β. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100050. [PMID: 33516941 PMCID: PMC8042406 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a posttranslational protein modification that has been shown to have a range of effects, including regulation of protein function, interaction, localization, and degradation. We have previously shown that the muscle-specific ubiquitin E3 ligase, ASB2β, is downregulated in models of muscle growth and that overexpression ASB2β is sufficient to induce muscle atrophy. To gain insight into the effects of increased ASB2β expression on skeletal muscle mass and function, we used liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry to investigate ASB2β-mediated changes to the skeletal muscle proteome and ubiquitinome, via a parallel analysis of remnant diGly-modified peptides. The results show that viral vector-mediated ASB2β overexpression in murine muscles causes progressive muscle atrophy and impairment of force-producing capacity, while ASB2β knockdown induces mild muscle hypertrophy. ASB2β-induced muscle atrophy and dysfunction were associated with the early downregulation of mitochondrial and contractile protein abundance and the upregulation of proteins involved in proteasome-mediated protein degradation (including other E3 ligases), protein synthesis, and the cytoskeleton/sarcomere. The overexpression ASB2β also resulted in marked changes in protein ubiquitination; however, there was no simple relationship between changes in ubiquitination status and protein abundance. To investigate proteins that interact with ASB2β and, therefore, potential ASB2β targets, Flag-tagged wild-type ASB2β, and a mutant ASB2β lacking the C-terminal SOCS box domain (dSOCS) were immunoprecipitated from C2C12 myotubes and subjected to label-free proteomic analysis to determine the ASB2β interactome. ASB2β was found to interact with a range of cytoskeletal and nuclear proteins. When combined with the in vivo ubiquitinomic data, our studies have identified novel putative ASB2β target substrates that warrant further investigation. These findings provide novel insight into the complexity of proteome and ubiquitinome changes that occur during E3 ligase-mediated skeletal muscle atrophy and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A Goodman
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Muscle Research (CMR), The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Sunshine Hospital, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonathan R Davey
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Muscle Research (CMR), The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam Hagg
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Muscle Research (CMR), The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Parker
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Muscle Research (CMR), The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Paul Gregorevic
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Muscle Research (CMR), The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology, The University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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13
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Lamsoul I, Dupré L, Lutz PG. Molecular Tuning of Filamin A Activities in the Context of Adhesion and Migration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:591323. [PMID: 33330471 PMCID: PMC7714767 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.591323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamic organization of actin cytoskeleton meshworks relies on multiple actin-binding proteins endowed with distinct actin-remodeling activities. Filamin A is a large multi-domain scaffolding protein that cross-links actin filaments with orthogonal orientation in response to various stimuli. As such it plays key roles in the modulation of cell shape, cell motility, and differentiation throughout development and adult life. The essentiality and complexity of Filamin A is highlighted by mutations that lead to a variety of severe human disorders affecting multiple organs. One of the most conserved activity of Filamin A is to bridge the actin cytoskeleton to integrins, thereby maintaining the later in an inactive state. We here review the numerous mechanisms cells have developed to adjust Filamin A content and activity and focus on the function of Filamin A as a gatekeeper to integrin activation and associated adhesion and motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Lamsoul
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Loïc Dupré
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pierre G Lutz
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
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14
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Li X, Han X, Tu X, Zhu D, Feng Y, Jiang T, Yang Y, Qu J, Chen JG. An Autism-Related, Nonsense Foxp1 Mutant Induces Autophagy and Delays Radial Migration of the Cortical Neurons. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:3193-3208. [PMID: 30124790 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that has a strong genetic component. Disruptions of FOXP1, a transcription factor expressed in the developing cerebral cortex, were associated with ASD. FOXP1(R525X) is a de novo heterozygous mutation found in patients with autism and severe mental retardation. To explore the neuronal basis of FOXP1(R525X) in ASD, we created Foxp1(R521X), a mouse homolog of the human variant. Ectopic expression of Foxp1(R521X) led to cytoplasmic aggregates and activated macroautophagy in neuroblastoma N2a cells and the developing neuronal cells. Cortical neurons expressing Foxp1(R521X) exhibited delayed migration and altered dendritic morphology. As a control, mutant Y435X that was expressed diffusively in the cytoplasm did not induce autophagy and migration delay in the cortex. The embryonic cortical cells had a minimal activity of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) as assayed by a splicing-dependent NMD reporter. We hypothesize that the developing neuronal cells use autophagy but not NMD as a safeguard mechanism against nonsense mutant aggregates, resulting in impairment of the cortical development. This study suggests a novel mechanism other than heterozygous loss of FOXP1 for the development of ASD and may advance our understanding of the complex relationships between gene mutation and the related psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xin Han
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xiaomeng Tu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Dan Zhu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yue Feng
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Tian Jiang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, the Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Youping Yang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, the Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jia Qu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jie-Guang Chen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
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15
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Bozal-Basterra L, Gonzalez-Santamarta M, Muratore V, Bermejo-Arteagabeitia A, Da Fonseca C, Barroso-Gomila O, Azkargorta M, Iloro I, Pampliega O, Andrade R, Martín-Martín N, Branon TC, Ting AY, Rodríguez JA, Carracedo A, Elortza F, Sutherland JD, Barrio R. LUZP1, a novel regulator of primary cilia and the actin cytoskeleton, is a contributing factor in Townes-Brocks Syndrome. eLife 2020; 9:e55957. [PMID: 32553112 PMCID: PMC7363444 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are sensory organelles crucial for cell signaling during development and organ homeostasis. Cilia arise from centrosomes and their formation and function is governed by numerous factors. Through our studies on Townes-Brocks Syndrome (TBS), a rare disease linked to abnormal cilia formation in human fibroblasts, we uncovered the leucine-zipper protein LUZP1 as an interactor of truncated SALL1, a dominantly-acting protein causing the disease. Using TurboID proximity labeling and pulldowns, we show that LUZP1 associates with factors linked to centrosome and actin filaments. Here, we show that LUZP1 is a cilia regulator. It localizes around the centrioles and to actin cytoskeleton. Loss of LUZP1 reduces F-actin levels, facilitates ciliogenesis and alters Sonic Hedgehog signaling, pointing to a key role in cytoskeleton-cilia interdependency. Truncated SALL1 increases the ubiquitin proteasome-mediated degradation of LUZP1. Together with other factors, alterations in LUZP1 may be contributing to TBS etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bozal-Basterra
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology ParkDerioSpain
| | - María Gonzalez-Santamarta
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology ParkDerioSpain
| | - Veronica Muratore
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology ParkDerioSpain
| | - Aitor Bermejo-Arteagabeitia
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology ParkDerioSpain
| | - Carolina Da Fonseca
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology ParkDerioSpain
| | - Orhi Barroso-Gomila
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology ParkDerioSpain
| | - Mikel Azkargorta
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology ParkDerioSpain
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- ProteoRed-ISCIII, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Ibon Iloro
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology ParkDerioSpain
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- ProteoRed-ISCIII, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Olatz Pampliega
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience-UPV/EHULeioaSpain
| | - Ricardo Andrade
- Analytical & High Resolution Biomedical Microscopy Core Facility, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)LeioaSpain
| | - Natalia Martín-Martín
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology ParkDerioSpain
| | - Tess C Branon
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Departments of Genetics, Chemistry and Biology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Alice Y Ting
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Departments of Genetics, Chemistry and Biology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Chan Zuckerberg BiohubSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Jose A Rodríguez
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)LeioaSpain
| | - Arkaitz Carracedo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology ParkDerioSpain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for ScienceBilbaoSpain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)BilbaoSpain
| | - Felix Elortza
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology ParkDerioSpain
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- ProteoRed-ISCIII, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - James D Sutherland
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology ParkDerioSpain
| | - Rosa Barrio
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology ParkDerioSpain
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16
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Jossin Y. Molecular mechanisms of cell polarity in a range of model systems and in migrating neurons. Mol Cell Neurosci 2020; 106:103503. [PMID: 32485296 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell polarity is defined as the asymmetric distribution of cellular components along an axis. Most cells, from the simplest single-cell organisms to highly specialized mammalian cells, are polarized and use similar mechanisms to generate and maintain polarity. Cell polarity is important for cells to migrate, form tissues, and coordinate activities. During development of the mammalian cerebral cortex, cell polarity is essential for neurogenesis and for the migration of newborn but as-yet undifferentiated neurons. These oriented migrations include both the radial migration of excitatory projection neurons and the tangential migration of inhibitory interneurons. In this review, I will first describe the development of the cerebral cortex, as revealed at the cellular level. I will then define the core molecular mechanisms - the Par/Crb/Scrib polarity complexes, small GTPases, the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons, and phosphoinositides/PI3K signaling - that are required for asymmetric cell division, apico-basal and front-rear polarity in model systems, including C elegans zygote, Drosophila embryos and cultured mammalian cells. As I go through each core mechanism I will explain what is known about its importance in radial and tangential migration in the developing mammalian cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Jossin
- Laboratory of Mammalian Development & Cell Biology, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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17
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Subramanian L, Calcagnotto ME, Paredes MF. Cortical Malformations: Lessons in Human Brain Development. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 13:576. [PMID: 32038172 PMCID: PMC6993122 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Creating a functional cerebral cortex requires a series of complex and well-coordinated developmental steps. These steps have evolved across species with the emergence of cortical gyrification and coincided with more complex behaviors. The presence of diverse progenitor cells, a protracted timeline for neuronal migration and maturation, and diverse neuronal types are developmental features that have emerged in the gyrated cortex. These factors could explain how the human brain has expanded in size and complexity. However, their complex nature also renders new avenues of vulnerability by providing additional cell types that could contribute to disease and longer time windows that could impact the composition and organization of the cortical circuit. We aim to discuss the unique developmental steps observed in human corticogenesis and propose how disruption of these species-unique processes could lead to malformations of cortical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Subramanian
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Maria Elisa Calcagnotto
- Neurophysiology and Neurochemistry of Neuronal Excitability and Synaptic Plasticity Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mercedes F Paredes
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Neuroscience Graduate Division, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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18
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Militello G, Hosen MR, Ponomareva Y, Gellert P, Weirick T, John D, Hindi SM, Mamchaoui K, Mouly V, Döring C, Zhang L, Nakamura M, Kumar A, Fukada SI, Dimmeler S, Uchida S. A novel long non-coding RNA Myolinc regulates myogenesis through TDP-43 and Filip1. J Mol Cell Biol 2019; 10:102-117. [PMID: 29618024 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjy025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myogenesis is a complex process required for skeletal muscle formation during embryonic development and for regeneration and growth of myofibers in adults. Accumulating evidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play key roles in regulating cell fate decision and function in various tissues. However, the role of lncRNAs in the regulation of myogenesis remains poorly understood. In this study, we identified a novel muscle-enriched lncRNA called 'Myolinc (AK142388)', which we functionally characterized in the C2C12 myoblast cell line. Myolinc is predominately localized in the nucleus, and its levels increase upon induction of the differentiation. Knockdown of Myolinc impairs the expression of myogenic regulatory factors and formation of multi-nucleated myotubes in cultured myoblasts. Myolinc also regulates the expression of Filip1 in a cis-manner. Similar to Myolinc, knockdown of Filip1 inhibits myogenic differentiation. Furthermore, Myolinc binds to TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), a DNA/RNA-binding protein that regulates the expression of muscle genes (e.g. Acta1 and MyoD). Knockdown of TDP-43 inhibits myogenic differentiation. We also show that Myolinc-TDP-43 interaction is essential for the binding of TDP-43 to the promoter regions of muscle marker genes. Finally, we show that silencing of Myolinc inhibits skeletal muscle regeneration in adult mice. Altogether, our study identifies a novel lncRNA that controls key regulatory networks of myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Militello
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner side Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany.,Department of Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany.,Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Mohammed Rabiul Hosen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner side Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany.,Department of Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Yuliya Ponomareva
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner side Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany.,Department of Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Pascal Gellert
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Tyler Weirick
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner side Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany.,Department of Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany.,Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - David John
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner side Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany.,Department of Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Sajedah Mahmoud Hindi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Kamel Mamchaoui
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Center for Research in Myology, Paris 75013, France
| | - Vincent Mouly
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Center for Research in Myology, Paris 75013, France
| | - Claudia Döring
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany
| | - Lidan Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Miki Nakamura
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - So-Ichiro Fukada
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner side Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany
| | - Shizuka Uchida
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner side Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany.,Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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19
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Chen P, Zhang T, Yuan Z, Shen B, Chen L. Expression of the RNA methyltransferase Nsun5 is essential for developing cerebral cortex. Mol Brain 2019; 12:74. [PMID: 31462248 PMCID: PMC6714381 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-019-0496-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Nsun5 gene, encoding a cytosine-5 RNA methyltransferase, is deleted in about 95% patients with Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS). WBS is a neurodevelopmental disorder and characterized by cognitive disorder. We generated single-gene Nsun5 knockout (Nsun5-KO) mice and reported that the Nsun5 deletion leads to deficit in spatial cognition. This study focused on investigating the influence of Nsun5 deficiency in the development of cerebral cortex. In comparison with wild-type littermates, the cortical thickness in postnatal day 10 Nsun5-KO mice was obviously reduced with an abnormal laminar organization, and the processes of pyramidal cells were shorter and finer. Nsun5 was selectively expressed in radial glial cells (RGCs) of cerebral cortex from embryonic day (E) 12.5 to E16.5, but not in intermediate progenitor cells (IPCs) or neocortical neurons. The Nsun5 deletion did not alter proliferation of RGCs or differentiation of RGCs into IPCs. Notably, the ablation of Nsun5 disrupted the growth of radial glial scaffolds, thus numerous basal processes of RGCs failed to reach pial basement membrane. Level of cell polarity regulator Cdc42 protein in radial glial scaffolds of E14.5 Nsun5-KO mice was reduced, but the level of Cdc42 mRNA was unchanged. The dysfunction of glial scaffolds impeded the radial migration of upper-layer and deeper-layer neurons to cause their subcortical accumulation and apoptosis, resulting in an obvious thinness of the cortical plate in E18.5 Nsun5-KO mice. These findings establish a critical role of Nsun5 in development of cerebral cortex through regulating radial glial scaffolds of RGCs to control migration of neocortical neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Tianyuan East Road 818, Nanjing, China.,Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Tianyuan East Road 818, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Tianyuan East Road 818, Nanjing, China.,Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Tianyuan East Road 818, Nanjing, China
| | - Zihao Yuan
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Tianyuan East Road 818, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Tianyuan East Road 818, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Tianyuan East Road 818, Nanjing, China. .,Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Tianyuan East Road 818, Nanjing, China.
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20
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Hakanen J, Ruiz-Reig N, Tissir F. Linking Cell Polarity to Cortical Development and Malformations. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:244. [PMID: 31213986 PMCID: PMC6558068 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell polarity refers to the asymmetric distribution of signaling molecules, cellular organelles, and cytoskeleton in a cell. Neural progenitors and neurons are highly polarized cells in which the cell membrane and cytoplasmic components are compartmentalized into distinct functional domains in response to internal and external cues that coordinate polarity and behavior during development and disease. In neural progenitor cells, polarity has a prominent impact on cell shape and coordinate several processes such as adhesion, division, and fate determination. Polarity also accompanies a neuron from the beginning until the end of its life. It is essential for development and later functionality of neuronal circuitries. During development, polarity governs transitions between multipolar and bipolar during migration of postmitotic neurons, and directs the specification and directional growth of axons. Once reaching final positions in cortical layers, neurons form dendrites which become compartmentalized to ensure proper establishment of neuronal connections and signaling. Changes in neuronal polarity induce signaling cascades that regulate cytoskeletal changes, as well as mRNA, protein, and vesicle trafficking, required for synapses to form and function. Hence, defects in establishing and maintaining cell polarity are associated with several neural disorders such as microcephaly, lissencephaly, schizophrenia, autism, and epilepsy. In this review we summarize the role of polarity genes in cortical development and emphasize the relationship between polarity dysfunctions and cortical malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Hakanen
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Developmental Neurobiology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nuria Ruiz-Reig
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Developmental Neurobiology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fadel Tissir
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Developmental Neurobiology, Brussels, Belgium
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21
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Santos J, Milthorpe BK, Padula MP. Proteomic Analysis of Cyclic Ketamine Compounds Ability to Induce Neural Differentiation in Human Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030523. [PMID: 30691166 PMCID: PMC6387408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural regeneration is of great interest due to its potential to treat traumatic brain injuries and diseases that impact quality of life. Growth factor mediated differentiation can take up to several weeks to months to produce the cell of interest whereas chemical stimulation may be as minimal as a few hours. The smaller time scale is of great clinical relevance. Adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) were treated for up to 24 h with a novel differentiation media containing the cyclic ketamine compounds to direct neurogenic induction. The extent of differentiation was investigated by proteome changes occurring during the process. The treatments indicated the ADSCs responded favorably to the neurogenic induction media by presenting a number of morphological cues of neuronal phenotype previously seen and a higher cell population post induction compared to previous studies. Furthermore, approximately 3500 proteins were analyzed and identified by mass spectrometric iTRAQ analyses. The bioinformatics analyses revealed hundreds of proteins whose expression level changes were statistically significant and biologically relevant to neurogenesis and annotated as being involved in neurogenic development. Complementing this, the Bioplex cytokine assay profiles present evidence of decreased panel of stress response cytokines and a relative increase in those involved in neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerran Santos
- Advanced Tissue Regeneration & Drug Delivery Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123 Broadway, Ultimo 2007, Australia.
- Proteomics Core Facility and School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123 Broadway, Ultimo 2007, Australia.
- CIRIMAT, Paul Sabatier, University of Toulouse 3 (INPT), 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Bruce Kenneth Milthorpe
- Advanced Tissue Regeneration & Drug Delivery Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123 Broadway, Ultimo 2007, Australia.
| | - Matthew Paul Padula
- Proteomics Core Facility and School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123 Broadway, Ultimo 2007, Australia.
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22
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Kurabayashi N, Tanaka A, Nguyen MD, Sanada K. The LPA-LPA4 axis is required for establishment of bipolar morphology and radial migration of newborn cortical neurons. Development 2018; 145:145/17/dev162529. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.162529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Newborn neurons in the developing neocortex undergo radial migration, a process that is coupled with their precise passage from multipolar to bipolar shape. The cell-extrinsic signals that govern this transition are, however, poorly understood. Here, we find that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling contributes to the establishment of a bipolar shape in mouse migratory neurons through LPA receptor 4 (LPA4). LPA4 is robustly expressed in migratory neurons. LPA4-depleted neurons show impaired multipolar-to-bipolar transition and become arrested in their migration. Further, LPA4-mediated LPA signaling promotes formation of the pia-directed process in primary neurons overlaid on neocortical slices. In addition, LPA4 depletion is coupled with altered actin organization as well as with destabilization of the F-actin-binding protein filamin A (FlnA). Finally, overexpression of FlnA rescues the morphology and migration defects of LPA4-depleted neurons. Thus, the LPA-LPA4 axis regulates bipolar morphogenesis and radial migration of newborn cortical neurons via remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Kurabayashi
- Molecular Genetics Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Aiki Tanaka
- Molecular Genetics Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Minh Dang Nguyen
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Cell Biology and Anatomy, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, HMR 151, Calgary, Alberta T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Kamon Sanada
- Molecular Genetics Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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23
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Guo Y, He X, Zhao L, Liu L, Song H, Wang X, Xu J, Ju X, Guo W, Zhu X. Gβ2 Regulates the Multipolar-Bipolar Transition of Newborn Neurons in the Developing Neocortex. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:3414-3426. [PMID: 28334111 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper neuronal migration is critical for the formation of the six-layered neocortex in the mammalian brain. However, the precise control of neuronal migration is not well understood. Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide binding proteins (G proteins), composed of Gα and Gβγ, transduce signals from G protein-coupled receptors to downstream effectors and play crucial roles in brain development. However, the functions of individual subunits of G proteins in prenatal brain development remain unclear. Here, we report that Gβ2 is expressed in the embryonic neocortex, with abundant expression in the intermediate zone, and is significantly upregulated in differentiated neurons. Perturbation of Gβ2 expression impairs the morphogenetic transformation of migrating neurons from multipolar to bipolar and subsequently delays neuronal migration. Moreover, Gβ2 acts as a scaffold protein to organize the MP1-MEK1-ERK1/2 complex and mediates the phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Importantly, expression of a constitutively active variant of MEK1 rescues the migration defects that are caused by the loss of Gβ2. In conclusion, our findings reveal that Gβ2 regulates proper neuronal migration during neocortex development by activating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education and Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xiaoxiao He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education and Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education and Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education and Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Huifang Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education and Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education and Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education and Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xingda Ju
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education and Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Weixiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education and Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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24
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Mizutani KI. Physiological significance of multipolar cells generated from neural stem cells and progenitors for the establishment of neocortical cytoarchitecture. Genes Cells 2017; 23:6-15. [PMID: 29193520 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenesis encompasses an entire set of events that leads to the generation of newborn neurons from neural stem cells and more committed progenitor cells, including cell division, the production of migratory precursors and their progeny, differentiation and integration into circuits. In particular, the precise control of neuronal migration and morphological changes is essential for the development of the neocortex. Postmitotic cells within the intermediate zone have been found to transiently assume a characteristic "multipolar" morphology, after which a multipolar-to-bipolar transition occurs before the cells enter the cortical plate; however, the importance of this multipolar phase in the establishment of mature cortical cytoarchitecture and the precise genetic control of this phase remains largely unknown. Thus, this review article focuses on the multipolar phase in the developing neocortex. It begins by summarizing the molecular mechanism that underlies multipolar migration for the regulation of each step in multipolar phase in intermediate zone. The physiological significance of this multipolar phase in the establishment of mature cortical lamination and neurodevelopmental disorders associated with migration defects is then described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Mizutani
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan
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25
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Kon E, Cossard A, Jossin Y. Neuronal Polarity in the Embryonic Mammalian Cerebral Cortex. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:163. [PMID: 28670267 PMCID: PMC5472699 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebral cortex is composed of billions of neurons that can grossly be subdivided into two broad classes: inhibitory GABAergic interneurons and excitatory glutamatergic neurons. The majority of cortical neurons in mammals are the excitatory type and they are the main focus of this review article. Like many of the cells in multicellular organisms, fully differentiated neurons are both morphologically and functionally polarized. However, they go through several changes in polarity before reaching this final mature differentiated state. Neurons are derived from polarized neuronal progenitor/stem cells and their commitment to neuronal fate is decided by cellular and molecular asymmetry during their last division in the neurogenic zone. They migrate from their birthplace using so-called multipolar migration, during which they switch direction of movement several times, and repolarize for bipolar migration when the axon is specified. Therefore, neurons have to break their previous symmetry, change their morphology and adequately respond to polarizing signals during migration in order to reach the correct position in the cortex and start making connections. Finally, the dendritic tree is elaborated and the axon/dendrite morphological polarity is set. Here we will describe the function, establishment and maintenance of polarity during the different developmental steps starting from neural stem cell (NSC) division, neuronal migration and axon specification at embryonic developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Kon
- Mammalian Development and Cell Biology Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de LouvainBrussels, Belgium
| | - Alexia Cossard
- Mammalian Development and Cell Biology Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de LouvainBrussels, Belgium
| | - Yves Jossin
- Mammalian Development and Cell Biology Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de LouvainBrussels, Belgium
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26
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Hori K, Hoshino M. Neuronal Migration and AUTS2 Syndrome. Brain Sci 2017; 7:brainsci7050054. [PMID: 28505103 PMCID: PMC5447936 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci7050054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal migration is one of the pivotal steps to form a functional brain, and disorganization of this process is believed to underlie the pathology of psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and epilepsy. However, it is not clear how abnormal neuronal migration causes mental dysfunction. Recently, a key gene for various psychiatric diseases, the Autism susceptibility candidate 2 (AUTS2), has been shown to regulate neuronal migration, which gives new insight into understanding this question. Interestingly, the AUTS2 protein has dual functions: Cytoplasmic AUTS2 regulates actin cytoskeleton to control neuronal migration and neurite extension, while nuclear AUTS2 controls transcription of various genes as a component of the polycomb complex 1 (PRC1). In this review, we discuss AUTS2 from the viewpoint of human genetics, molecular function, brain development, and behavior in animal models, focusing on its role in neuronal migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hori
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan.
| | - Mikio Hoshino
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan.
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27
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SFPQ associates to LSD1 and regulates the migration of newborn pyramidal neurons in the developing cerebral cortex. Int J Dev Neurosci 2016; 57:1-11. [PMID: 28034769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the cerebral cortex requires the coordination of multiple processes ranging from the proliferation of progenitors to the migration and establishment of connectivity of the newborn neurons. Epigenetic regulation carried out by the COREST/LSD1 complex has been identified as a mechanism that regulates the development of pyramidal neurons of the cerebral cortex. We now identify the association of the multifunctional RNA-binding protein SFPQ to LSD1 during the development of the cerebral cortex. In vivo reduction of SFPQ dosage by in utero electroporation of a shRNA results in impaired radial migration of newborn pyramidal neurons, in a similar way to that observed when COREST or LSD1 expressions are decreased. Diminished SFPQ expression also associates to decreased proliferation of progenitor cells, while it does not affect the acquisition of neuronal fate. These results are compatible with the idea that SFPQ, plays an important role regulating proliferation and migration during the development of the cerebral cortex.
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28
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Kojic M, Wainwright B. The Many Faces of Elongator in Neurodevelopment and Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:115. [PMID: 27847465 PMCID: PMC5088202 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of the nervous system requires a variety of cellular activities, such as proliferation, migration, axonal outgrowth and guidance and synapse formation during the differentiation of neural precursors into mature neurons. Malfunction of these highly regulated and coordinated events results in various neurological diseases. The Elongator complex is a multi-subunit complex highly conserved in eukaryotes whose function has been implicated in the majority of cellular activities underlying neurodevelopment. These activities include cell motility, actin cytoskeleton organization, exocytosis, polarized secretion, intracellular trafficking and the maintenance of neural function. Several studies have associated mutations in Elongator subunits with the neurological disorders familial dysautonomia (FD), intellectual disability (ID), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and rolandic epilepsy (RE). Here, we review the various cellular activities assigned to this complex and discuss the implications for neural development and disease. Further research in this area has the potential to generate new diagnostic tools, better prevention strategies and more effective treatment options for a wide variety of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Kojic
- Genomics of Development and Disease Division, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brandon Wainwright
- Genomics of Development and Disease Division, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Tielens S, Huysseune S, Godin JD, Chariot A, Malgrange B, Nguyen L. Elongator controls cortical interneuron migration by regulating actomyosin dynamics. Cell Res 2016; 26:1131-1148. [PMID: 27670698 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2016.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The migration of cortical interneurons is a fundamental process for the establishment of cortical connectivity and its impairment underlies several neurological disorders. During development, these neurons are born in the ganglionic eminences and they migrate tangentially to populate the cortical layers. This process relies on various morphological changes that are driven by dynamic cytoskeleton remodelings. By coupling time lapse imaging with molecular analyses, we show that the Elongator complex controls cortical interneuron migration in mouse embryos by regulating nucleokinesis and branching dynamics. At the molecular level, Elongator fine-tunes actomyosin forces by regulating the distribution and turnover of actin microfilaments during cell migration. Thus, we demonstrate that Elongator cell-autonomously promotes cortical interneuron migration by controlling actin cytoskeletal dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Tielens
- GIGA-Neurosciences, 4000 Liège, Belgium.,Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Sandra Huysseune
- GIGA-Neurosciences, 4000 Liège, Belgium.,Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Juliette D Godin
- GIGA-Neurosciences, 4000 Liège, Belgium.,Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Alain Chariot
- Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), 4000 Liège, Belgium.,GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, 4000 Liège, Belgium.,Walloon Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), University of Liège, CHU Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Malgrange
- GIGA-Neurosciences, 4000 Liège, Belgium.,Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurent Nguyen
- GIGA-Neurosciences, 4000 Liège, Belgium.,Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Mestres I, Chuang JZ, Calegari F, Conde C, Sung CH. SARA regulates neuronal migration during neocortical development through L1 trafficking. Development 2016; 143:3143-53. [PMID: 27471254 DOI: 10.1242/dev.129338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that endocytic trafficking of adhesion proteins plays a crucial role in neuronal migration during neocortical development. However, molecular insights into these processes remain elusive. Here, we study the early endosomal protein Smad anchor for receptor activation (SARA) in the developing mouse brain. SARA is enriched at the apical endfeet of radial glia of the neocortex. Although SARA knockdown did not lead to detectable neurogenic phenotypes, SARA-suppressed neurons exhibited impaired orientation and migration across the intermediate zone. Mechanistically, we show that SARA knockdown neurons exhibit increased surface expression of the L1 cell adhesion molecule. Neurons ectopically expressing L1 phenocopy the migration and orientation defects caused by SARA knockdown and display increased contact with neighboring neurites. L1 knockdown effectively rescues SARA suppression-induced phenotypes. SARA knockdown neurons eventually overcome their migration defect and enter later into the cortical plate. Nevertheless, these neurons localize at more superficial cortical layers than their control counterparts. These results suggest that SARA regulates the orientation, multipolar-to-bipolar transition and the positioning of cortical neurons via modulating surface L1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Mestres
- INIMEC, Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba UNC, Friuli 2434-5016, Córdoba, Argentina DFG-Research Center for Regenerative Therapies, Cluster of Excellence, TU-Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 105, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Jen-Zen Chuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dyson Vision Research Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Federico Calegari
- DFG-Research Center for Regenerative Therapies, Cluster of Excellence, TU-Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 105, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Cecilia Conde
- INIMEC, Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba UNC, Friuli 2434-5016, Córdoba, Argentina Instituto Universitario Ciencias Biomédicas Córdoba (IUCBC), Córdoba 5016, Argentina
| | - Ching-Hwa Sung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dyson Vision Research Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Huilgol D, Tole S. Cell migration in the developing rodent olfactory system. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:2467-90. [PMID: 26994098 PMCID: PMC4894936 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2172-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The components of the nervous system are assembled in development by the process of cell migration. Although the principles of cell migration are conserved throughout the brain, different subsystems may predominantly utilize specific migratory mechanisms, or may display unusual features during migration. Examining these subsystems offers not only the potential for insights into the development of the system, but may also help in understanding disorders arising from aberrant cell migration. The olfactory system is an ancient sensory circuit that is essential for the survival and reproduction of a species. The organization of this circuit displays many evolutionarily conserved features in vertebrates, including molecular mechanisms and complex migratory pathways. In this review, we describe the elaborate migrations that populate each component of the olfactory system in rodents and compare them with those described in the well-studied neocortex. Understanding how the components of the olfactory system are assembled will not only shed light on the etiology of olfactory and sexual disorders, but will also offer insights into how conserved migratory mechanisms may have shaped the evolution of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjay Huilgol
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, USA
| | - Shubha Tole
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India.
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Yagi H, Oka Y, Komada M, Xie MJ, Noguchi K, Sato M. Filamin A interacting protein plays a role in proper positioning of callosal projection neurons in the cortex. Neurosci Lett 2016; 612:18-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ohtaka-Maruyama C, Okado H. Molecular Pathways Underlying Projection Neuron Production and Migration during Cerebral Cortical Development. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:447. [PMID: 26733777 PMCID: PMC4682034 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamatergic neurons of the mammalian cerebral cortex originate from radial glia (RG) progenitors in the ventricular zone (VZ). During corticogenesis, neuroblasts migrate toward the pial surface using two different migration modes. One is multipolar (MP) migration with random directional movement, and the other is locomotion, which is a unidirectional movement guided by the RG fiber. After reaching their final destination, the neurons finalize their migration by terminal translocation, which is followed by maturation via dendrite extension to initiate synaptogenesis and thereby complete neural circuit formation. This switching of migration modes during cortical development is unique in mammals, which suggests that the RG-guided locomotion mode may contribute to the evolution of the mammalian neocortical 6-layer structure. Many factors have been reported to be involved in the regulation of this radial neuronal migration process. In general, the radial migration can be largely divided into four steps; (1) maintenance and departure from the VZ of neural progenitor cells, (2) MP migration and transition to bipolar cells, (3) RG-guided locomotion, and (4) terminal translocation and dendrite maturation. Among these, many different gene mutations or knockdown effects have resulted in failure of the MP to bipolar transition (step 2), suggesting that it is a critical step, particularly in radial migration. Moreover, this transition occurs at the subplate layer. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying each of these steps. Finally, we discuss the evolutionary aspects of neuronal migration in corticogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Ohtaka-Maruyama
- Neural Network Project, Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruo Okado
- Neural Development Project, Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science Tokyo, Japan
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Neuronal Heterotopias Affect the Activities of Distant Brain Areas and Lead to Behavioral Deficits. J Neurosci 2015; 35:12432-45. [PMID: 26354912 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3648-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal heterotopia refers to brain malformations resulting from deficits of neuronal migration. Individuals with heterotopias show a high incidence of neurological deficits, such as epilepsy. More recently, it has come to be recognized that focal heterotopias may also show a range of psychiatric problems, including cognitive and behavioral impairments. However, because focal heterotopias are not always located in the brain areas responsible for the symptoms, the causal relationship between the symptoms and heterotopias remains elusive. In this study, we showed that mice with focal heterotopias in the somatosensory cortex generated by in utero electroporation exhibited spatial working memory deficit and low competitive dominance behavior, which have been shown to be closely associated with the activity of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in rodents. Analysis of the mPFC activity revealed that the immediate-early gene expression was decreased and the local field potentials of the mPFC were altered in the mice with heterotopias compared with the control mice. Moreover, activation of these ectopic and overlying sister neurons using the DREADD (designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drug) system improved the working memory deficits. These findings suggest that cortical regions containing focal heterotopias can affect distant brain regions and give rise to behavioral abnormalities. Significance statement: Recent studies reported that patients with heterotopias have a variety of clinical symptoms, such as cognitive disturbance, psychiatric symptoms, and autistic behavior. However, the causal relationship between the symptoms and heterotopias remains elusive. Here we showed that mice with focal heterotopias in the somatosensory cortex generated by in utero electroporation exhibited behavioral deficits that have been shown to be associated with the mPFC activity in rodents. The existence of heterotopias indeed altered the neural activities of the mPFC, and direct manipulation of the neural activity of the ectopic neurons and their sister neurons in the overlying cortex improved the behavioral deficit. Thus, our results indicate that focal heterotopias could affect the activities of distant brain areas and cause behavioral abnormalities.
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Kawauchi T. Cellullar insights into cerebral cortical development: focusing on the locomotion mode of neuronal migration. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:394. [PMID: 26500496 PMCID: PMC4595654 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian brain consists of numerous compartments that are closely connected with each other via neural networks, comprising the basis of higher order brain functions. The highly specialized structure originates from simple pseudostratified neuroepithelium-derived neural progenitors located near the ventricle. A long journey by neurons from the ventricular side is essential for the formation of a sophisticated brain structure, including a mammalian-specific six-layered cerebral cortex. Neuronal migration consists of several contiguous steps, but the locomotion mode comprises a large part of the migration. The locomoting neurons exhibit unique features; a radial glial fiber-dependent migration requiring the endocytic recycling of N-cadherin and a neuron-specific migration mode with dilation/swelling formation that requires the actin and microtubule organization possibly regulated by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5), Dcx, p27(kip1), Rac1, and POSH. Here I will introduce the roles of various cellular events, such as cytoskeletal organization, cell adhesion, and membrane trafficking, in the regulation of the neuronal migration, with particular focus on the locomotion mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kawauchi
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo, Japan ; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency Saitama, Japan ; Laboratory of Molecular Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation Kobe, Japan
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Li X, Xiao J, Fröhlich H, Tu X, Li L, Xu Y, Cao H, Qu J, Rappold GA, Chen JG. Foxp1 regulates cortical radial migration and neuronal morphogenesis in developing cerebral cortex. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127671. [PMID: 26010426 PMCID: PMC4444005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
FOXP1 is a member of FOXP subfamily transcription factors. Mutations in FOXP1 gene have been found in various development-related cognitive disorders. However, little is known about the etiology of these symptoms, and specifically the function of FOXP1 in neuronal development. Here, we report that suppression of Foxp1 expression in mouse cerebral cortex led to a neuronal migration defect, which was rescued by overexpression of Foxp1. Mice with Foxp1 knockdown exhibited ectopic neurons in deep layers of the cortex postnatally. The neuronal differentiation of Foxp1-downregulated cells was normal. However, morphological analysis showed that the neurons with Foxp1 deficiency had an inhibited axonal growth in vitro and a weakened transition from multipolar to bipolar in vivo. Moreover, we found that the expression of Foxp1 modulated the dendritic maturation of neurons at a late postnatal date. Our results demonstrate critical roles of Foxp1 in the radial migration and morphogenesis of cortical neurons during development. This study may shed light on the complex relationship between neuronal development and the related cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Key Laboratory of Visual Science, National Ministry of Health, and School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Visual Science, National Ministry of Health, and School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Henning Fröhlich
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xiaomeng Tu
- Key Laboratory of Visual Science, National Ministry of Health, and School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Lianlian Li
- Key Laboratory of Visual Science, National Ministry of Health, and School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Yue Xu
- Key Laboratory of Visual Science, National Ministry of Health, and School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Huateng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Visual Science, National Ministry of Health, and School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Jia Qu
- Key Laboratory of Visual Science, National Ministry of Health, and School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Gudrun A Rappold
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jie-Guang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Visual Science, National Ministry of Health, and School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
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Lian G, Sheen VL. Cytoskeletal proteins in cortical development and disease: actin associated proteins in periventricular heterotopia. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:99. [PMID: 25883548 PMCID: PMC4381626 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton regulates many important cellular processes in the brain, including cell division and proliferation, migration, and cytokinesis and differentiation. These developmental processes can be regulated through actin dependent vesicle and organelle movement, cell signaling, and the establishment and maintenance of cell junctions and cell shape. Many of these processes are mediated by extensive and intimate interactions of actin with cellular membranes and proteins. Disruption in the actin cytoskeleton in the brain gives rise to periventricular heterotopia (PH), a malformation of cortical development, characterized by abnormal neurons clustered deep in the brain along the lateral ventricles. This disorder can give rise to seizures, dyslexia and psychiatric disturbances. Anatomically, PH is characterized by a smaller brain (impaired proliferation), heterotopia (impaired initial migration) and disruption along the neuroependymal lining (impaired cell-cell adhesion). Genes causal for PH have also been implicated in actin-dependent processes. The current review provides mechanistic insight into actin cytoskeletal regulation of cortical development in the context of this malformation of cortical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gewei Lian
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Volney L Sheen
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
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Wnt Signaling Regulates Multipolar-to-Bipolar Transition of Migrating Neurons in the Cerebral Cortex. Cell Rep 2015; 10:1349-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Zhang L, Bartley CM, Gong X, Hsieh LS, Lin TV, Feliciano DM, Bordey A. MEK-ERK1/2-dependent FLNA overexpression promotes abnormal dendritic patterning in tuberous sclerosis independent of mTOR. Neuron 2015; 84:78-91. [PMID: 25277454 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal dendritic complexity is a shared feature of many neurodevelopmental disorders associated with neurological defects. Here, we found that the actin-crosslinking protein filamin A (FLNA) is overexpressed in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) mice, a PI3K-mTOR model of neurodevelopmental disease that is associated with abnormal dendritic complexity. Both under- and overexpression of FLNA in wild-type neurons led to more complex dendritic arbors in vivo, suggesting that an optimal level of FLNA expression is required for normal dendritogenesis. In Tsc1(null) neurons, knocking down FLNA in vivo prevented dendritic abnormalities. Surprisingly, FLNA overexpression in Tsc1(null) neurons was dependent on MEK1/2 but not mTOR activity, despite both pathways being hyperactive. In addition, increasing MEK-ERK1/2 activity led to dendritic abnormalities via FLNA, and decreasing MEK-ERK1/2 signaling in Tsc1(null) neurons rescued dendritic defects. These data demonstrate that altered FLNA expression increases dendritic complexity and contributes to pathologic dendritic patterning in TSC in an mTOR-independent, ERK1/2-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longbo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 85 Xiangya Street, Changsha, 410008, China; Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8082, USA
| | - Christopher M Bartley
- Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8082, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Xuan Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 85 Xiangya Street, Changsha, 410008, China; Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8082, USA
| | - Lawrence S Hsieh
- Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8082, USA
| | - Tiffany V Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8082, USA
| | - David M Feliciano
- Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8082, USA
| | - Angélique Bordey
- Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8082, USA.
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Shen C, Huo LR, Zhao XL, Wang PR, Zhong N. Novel Interactive Partners of Neuroligin 3: New Aspects for Pathogenesis of Autism. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 56:89-101. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0470-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Watrin F, Manent JB, Cardoso C, Represa A. Causes and consequences of gray matter heterotopia. CNS Neurosci Ther 2014; 21:112-22. [PMID: 25180909 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this article is to review the pathophysiological bases of gray matter heterotopia and to appreciate their involvement in brain cortical development and functional consequences, namely epilepsy. The development of the cerebral cortex results from complex sequential processes including cell proliferation, cell migration, cortical organization, and formation of neuronal networks. Disruption of these steps yields different types of cortical malformations including gray matter heterotopia, characterized by the ectopic position of neurons along the ventricular walls or in the deep white matter. Cortical malformations are major causes of epilepsy, being responsible for up to 40% of drug-resistant epilepsy, and the cognitive level of affected patients varies from normal to severely impaired. This review reports data from human patients and animal models highlighting the genetic causes for these disorders affecting not only neuronal migration but also the proliferation of cortical progenitors. Therefore, gray matter heterotopias should not be considered as solely due to an abnormal neuronal migration and classifying them as such may be too restrictive. The review will also summarize literature data indicating that besides ectopic neurons, neighbor cortical areas also play a consistent role in epileptogenesis, supporting the notion that plastic changes secondary to the initial malformation are instrumental in the pathophysiology of epilepsy in affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Watrin
- INSERM, INMED, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille University, UMR 901, Marseille, France
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Inoue M, Kuroda T, Honda A, Komabayashi-Suzuki M, Komai T, Shinkai Y, Mizutani KI. Prdm8 regulates the morphological transition at multipolar phase during neocortical development. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86356. [PMID: 24489718 PMCID: PMC3906029 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we found that the PR domain protein Prdm8 serves as a key regulator of the length of the multipolar phase by controlling the timing of morphological transition. We used a mouse line with expression of Prdm8-mVenus reporter and found that Prdm8 is predominantly expressed in the middle and upper intermediate zone during both the late and terminal multipolar phases. Prdm8 expression was almost coincident with Unc5D expression, a marker for the late multipolar phase, although the expression of Unc5D was found to be gradually down-regulated to the point at which mVenus expression was gradually up-regulated. This expression pattern suggests the possible involvement of Prdm8 in the control of the late and terminal multipolar phases, which controls the timing for morphological transition. To test this hypothesis, we performed gain- and loss-of-function analysis of neocortical development by using in utero electroporation. We found that the knockdown of Prdm8 results in premature change from multipolar to bipolar morphology, whereas the overexpression of Prdm8 maintained the multipolar morphology. Additionally, the postnatal analysis showed that the Prdm8 knockdown stimulated the number of early born neurons, and differentiated neurons located more deeply in the neocortex, however, majority of those cells could not acquire molecular features consistent with laminar location. Furthermore, we found the candidate genes that were predominantly utilized in both the late and terminal multipolar phases, and these candidate genes included those encoding for guidance molecules. In addition, we also found that the expression level of these guidance molecules was inhibited by the introduction of the Prdm8 expression vector. These results indicate that the Prdm8-mediated regulation of morphological changes that normally occur during the late and terminal multipolar phases plays an important role in neocortical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Inoue
- Laboratory of Neural Differentiation, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takao Kuroda
- Laboratory of Neural Differentiation, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Aya Honda
- Laboratory of Neural Differentiation, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mariko Komabayashi-Suzuki
- Laboratory of Neural Differentiation, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tae Komai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Ken-ichi Mizutani
- Laboratory of Neural Differentiation, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, Tokyo, Japan
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Savoy RM, Ghosh PM. The dual role of filamin A in cancer: can't live with (too much of) it, can't live without it. Endocr Relat Cancer 2013; 20:R341-56. [PMID: 24108109 PMCID: PMC4376317 DOI: 10.1530/erc-13-0364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Filamin A (FlnA) has been associated with actin as cytoskeleton regulator. Recently its role in the cell has come under scrutiny for FlnA's involvement in cancer development. FlnA was originally revealed as a cancer-promoting protein, involved in invasion and metastasis. However, recent studies have also found that under certain conditions, it prevented tumor formation or progression, confusing the precise function of FlnA in cancer development. Here, we try to decipher the role of FlnA in cancer and the implications for its dual role. We propose that differences in subcellular localization of FlnA dictate its role in cancer development. In the cytoplasm, FlnA functions in various growth signaling pathways, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, in addition to being involved in cell migration and adhesion pathways, such as R-Ras and integrin signaling. Involvement in these pathways and various others has shown a correlation between high cytoplasmic FlnA levels and invasive cancers. However, an active cleaved form of FlnA can localize to the nucleus rather than the cytoplasm and its interaction with transcription factors has been linked to a decrease in invasiveness of cancers. Therefore, overexpression of FlnA has a tumor-promoting effect, only when it is localized to the cytoplasm, whereas if FlnA undergoes proteolysis and the resulting C-terminal fragment localizes to the nucleus, it acts to suppress tumor growth and inhibit metastasis. Development of drugs to target FlnA and cause cleavage and subsequent localization to the nucleus could be a new and potent field of research in treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalinda M Savoy
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, University of California, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3500, Sacramento, California 95817, USA VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California, USA
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Bony G, Szczurkowska J, Tamagno I, Shelly M, Contestabile A, Cancedda L. Non-hyperpolarizing GABAB receptor activation regulates neuronal migration and neurite growth and specification by cAMP/LKB1. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1800. [PMID: 23653212 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in adults, acting through ionotropic chloride-permeable GABAA receptors (GABAARs), and metabotropic GABABRs coupled to calcium or potassium channels, and cyclic AMP signalling. During early development, γ-aminobutyric acid is the main neurotransmitter and is not hyperpolarizing, as GABAAR activation is depolarizing while GABABRs lack coupling to potassium channels. Despite extensive knowledge on GABAARs as key factors in neuronal development, the role of GABABRs remains unclear. Here we address GABABR function during rat cortical development by in utero knockdown (short interfering RNA) of GABABR in pyramidal-neuron progenitors. GABABR short interfering RNA impairs neuronal migration and axon/dendrite morphological maturation by disrupting cyclic AMP signalling. Furthermore, GABABR activation reduces cyclic AMP-dependent phosphorylation of LKB1, a kinase involved in neuronal polarization, and rescues LKB1 overexpression-induced defects in cortical development. Thus, non-hyperpolarizing activation of GABABRs during development promotes neuronal migration and morphological maturation by cyclic AMP/LKB1 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Bony
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30 Genoa 16163, Italy
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46
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Filamin A regulates neuronal migration through brefeldin A-inhibited guanine exchange factor 2-dependent Arf1 activation. J Neurosci 2013; 33:15735-46. [PMID: 24089482 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1939-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Periventricular heterotopias is a malformation of cortical development, characterized by ectopic neuronal nodules around ventricle lining and caused by an initial migration defect during early brain development. Human mutations in the Filamin A (FLNA) and ADP-ribosylation factor guanine exchange factor 2 [ARFGEF2; encoding brefeldin-A-inhibited guanine exchange factor-2 (BIG2)] genes give rise to this disorder. Previously, we have reported that Big2 inhibition impairs neuronal migration and binds to FlnA, and its loss promotes FlnA phosphorylation. FlnA phosphorylation dictates FlnA-actin binding affinity and consequently alters focal adhesion size and number to effect neuronal migration. Here we show that FlnA loss similarly impairs migration, reciprocally enhances Big2 expression, but also alters Big2 subcellular localization in both null and conditional FlnA mice. FlnA phosphorylation promotes relocalization of Big2 from the Golgi toward the lipid ruffles, thereby activating Big2-dependent Arf1 at the cell membrane. Loss of FlnA phosphorylation or Big2 function impairs Arf1-dependent vesicle trafficking at the periphery, and Arf1 is required for maintenance of cell-cell junction connectivity and focal adhesion assembly. Loss of Arf1 activity disrupts neuronal migration and cell adhesion. Collectively, these studies demonstrate a potential mechanism whereby coordinated interactions between actin (through FlnA) and vesicle trafficking (through Big2-Arf) direct the assembly and disassembly of membrane protein complexes required for neuronal migration and neuroependymal integrity.
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Evsyukova I, Plestant C, Anton ES. Integrative mechanisms of oriented neuronal migration in the developing brain. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2013; 29:299-353. [PMID: 23937349 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-101512-122400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of functional neuronal connectivity in the developing cerebral cortex depends on neuronal migration. This process enables appropriate positioning of neurons and the emergence of neuronal identity so that the correct patterns of functional synaptic connectivity between the right types and numbers of neurons can emerge. Delineating the complexities of neuronal migration is critical to our understanding of normal cerebral cortical formation and neurodevelopmental disorders resulting from neuronal migration defects. For the most part, the integrated cell biological basis of the complex behavior of oriented neuronal migration within the developing mammalian cerebral cortex remains an enigma. This review aims to analyze the integrative mechanisms that enable neurons to sense environmental guidance cues and translate them into oriented patterns of migration toward defined areas of the cerebral cortex. We discuss how signals emanating from different domains of neurons get integrated to control distinct aspects of migratory behavior and how different types of cortical neurons coordinate their migratory activities within the developing cerebral cortex to produce functionally critical laminar organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Evsyukova
- Neuroscience Center and the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599;
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48
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Kawauchi T, Shikanai M, Kosodo Y. Extra-cell cycle regulatory functions of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) and CDK inhibitor proteins contribute to brain development and neurological disorders. Genes Cells 2013; 18:176-94. [PMID: 23294285 PMCID: PMC3594971 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In developing brains, neural progenitors exhibit cell cycle-dependent nuclear movement within the ventricular zone [interkinetic nuclear migration (INM)] and actively proliferate to produce daughter progenitors and/or neurons, whereas newly generated neurons exit from the cell cycle and begin pial surface-directed migration and maturation. Dysregulation of the balance between the proliferation and the cell cycle exit in neural progenitors is one of the major causes of microcephaly (small brain). Recent studies indicate that cell cycle machinery influences not only the proliferation but also INM in neural progenitors. Furthermore, several cell cycle-related proteins, including p27(kip1) , p57(kip2) , Cdk5, and Rb, regulate the migration of neurons in the postmitotic state, suggesting that the growth arrest confers dual functions on cell cycle regulators. Consistently, several types of microcephaly occur in conjunction with neuronal migration disorders, such as periventricular heterotopia and lissencephaly. However, cell cycle re-entry by disturbance of growth arrest in mature neurons is thought to trigger neuronal cell death in Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we introduce the cell cycle protein-mediated regulation of two types of nuclear movement, INM and neuronal migration, during cerebral cortical development, and discuss the roles of growth arrest in cortical development and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kawauchi
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
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Itoh Y, Moriyama Y, Hasegawa T, Endo TA, Toyoda T, Gotoh Y. Scratch regulates neuronal migration onset via an epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like mechanism. Nat Neurosci 2013; 16:416-25. [PMID: 23434913 DOI: 10.1038/nn.3336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
During neocortical development, the neuroepithelial or neural precursor cells that commit to neuronal fate need to delaminate and start migration toward the pial surface. However, the mechanism that couples neuronal fate commitment to detachment from the neuroepithelium remains largely unknown. Here we show that Scratch1 and Scratch2, members of the Snail superfamily of transcription factors, are expressed upon neuronal fate commitment under the control of proneural genes and promote apical process detachment and radial migration in the developing mouse neocortex. Scratch-induced delamination from the apical surface was mediated by transcriptional repression of the adhesion molecule E-cadherin. These findings suggest that Scratch proteins constitute a molecular link between neuronal fate commitment and the onset of neuronal migration. On the basis of their similarity to proteins involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), we propose that Scratch proteins mediate the conversion of neuroepithelial cells to migrating neurons or intermediate neuronal progenitors through an EMT-related mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Itoh
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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MEC-17 deficiency leads to reduced α-tubulin acetylation and impaired migration of cortical neurons. J Neurosci 2012; 32:12673-83. [PMID: 22972992 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0016-12.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal migration is a fundamental process during the development of the cerebral cortex and is regulated by cytoskeletal components. Microtubule dynamics can be modulated by posttranslational modifications to tubulin subunits. Acetylation of α-tubulin at lysine 40 is important in regulating microtubule properties, and this process is controlled by acetyltransferase and deacetylase. MEC-17 is a newly discovered α-tubulin acetyltransferase that has been found to play a major role in the acetylation of α-tubulin in different species in vivo. However, the physiological function of MEC-17 during neural development is largely unknown. Here, we report that MEC-17 is critical for the migration of cortical neurons in the rat. MEC-17 was strongly expressed in the cerebral cortex during development. MEC-17 deficiency caused migratory defects in the cortical projection neurons and interneurons, and perturbed the transition of projection neurons from the multipolar stage to the unipolar/bipolar stage in the intermediate zone of the cortex. Furthermore, knockdown of α-tubulin deacetylase HDAC6 or overexpression of tubulin(K40Q) to mimic acetylated α-tubulin could reduce the migratory and morphological defects caused by MEC-17 deficiency in cortical projection neurons. Thus, MEC-17, which regulates the acetylation of α-tubulin, appears to control the migration and morphological transition of cortical neurons. This finding reveals the importance of MEC-17 and α-tubulin acetylation in cortical development.
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