1
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Ashok A, Kalthur G, Kumar A. Degradation meets development: Implications in β-cell development and diabetes. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:759-776. [PMID: 38499517 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic development is orchestrated by timely synthesis and degradation of stage-specific transcription factors (TFs). The transition from one stage to another stage is dependent on the precise expression of the developmentally relevant TFs. Persistent expression of particular TF would impede the exit from the progenitor stage to the matured cell type. Intracellular protein degradation-mediated protein turnover contributes to a major extent to the turnover of these TFs and thereby dictates the development of different tissues. Since even subtle changes in the crucial cellular pathways would dramatically impact pancreatic β-cell performance, it is generally acknowledged that the biological activity of these pathways is tightly regulated by protein synthesis and degradation process. Intracellular protein degradation is executed majorly by the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and Lysosomal degradation pathway. As more than 90% of the TFs are targeted to proteasomal degradation, this review aims to examine the crucial role of UPS in normal pancreatic β-cell development and how dysfunction of these pathways manifests in metabolic syndromes such as diabetes. Such understanding would facilitate designing a faithful approach to obtain a therapeutic quality of β-cells from stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshaya Ashok
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Guruprasad Kalthur
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Reproductive Science, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Anujith Kumar
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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2
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Zheng C, Wang J, Wang J, Zhang Q, Liang T. Cell of Origin of Pancreatic cancer: Novel Findings and Current Understanding. Pancreas 2024; 53:e288-e297. [PMID: 38277420 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) stands as one of the most lethal diseases globally, boasting a grim 5-year survival prognosis. The origin cell and the molecular signaling pathways that drive PDAC progression are not entirely understood. This review comprehensively outlines the categorization of PDAC and its precursor lesions, expounds on the creation and utility of genetically engineered mouse models used in PDAC research, compiles a roster of commonly used markers for pancreatic progenitors, duct cells, and acinar cells, and briefly addresses the mechanisms involved in the progression of PDAC. We acknowledge the value of precise markers and suitable tracing tools to discern the cell of origin, as it can facilitate the creation of more effective models for PDAC exploration. These conclusions shed light on our existing understanding of foundational genetically engineered mouse models and focus on the origin and development of PDAC.
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3
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Ma Z, Zhang X, Zhong W, Yi H, Chen X, Zhao Y, Ma Y, Song E, Xu T. Deciphering early human pancreas development at the single-cell level. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5354. [PMID: 37660175 PMCID: PMC10475098 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40893-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding pancreas development can provide clues for better treatments of pancreatic diseases. However, the molecular heterogeneity and developmental trajectory of the early human pancreas are poorly explored. Here, we performed large-scale single-cell RNA sequencing and single-cell assay for transposase accessible chromatin sequencing of human embryonic pancreas tissue obtained from first-trimester embryos. We unraveled the molecular heterogeneity, developmental trajectories and regulatory networks of the major cell types. The results reveal that dorsal pancreatic multipotent cells in humans exhibit different gene expression patterns than ventral multipotent cells. Pancreato-biliary progenitors that generate ventral multipotent cells in humans were identified. Notch and MAPK signals from mesenchymal cells regulate the differentiation of multipotent cells into trunk and duct cells. Notably, we identified endocrine progenitor subclusters with different differentiation potentials. Although the developmental trajectories are largely conserved between humans and mice, some distinct gene expression patterns have also been identified. Overall, we provide a comprehensive landscape of early human pancreas development to understand its lineage transitions and molecular complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Ma
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Diseases Research and Translation (Hainan Medical University), Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570102, China
| | - Wen Zhong
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, Linköping, 581 83, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hongyan Yi
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Diseases Research and Translation (Hainan Medical University), Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570102, China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Center for High Throughput Sequencing, Core Facility for Protein Research, Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yinsuo Zhao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yanlin Ma
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Diseases Research and Translation (Hainan Medical University), Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570102, China.
| | - Eli Song
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Tao Xu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China.
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250013, China.
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, China.
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4
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Medina-Cano D, Corrigan EK, Glenn RA, Islam MT, Lin Y, Kim J, Cho H, Vierbuchen T. Rapid and robust directed differentiation of mouse epiblast stem cells into definitive endoderm and forebrain organoids. Development 2022; 149:dev200561. [PMID: 35899604 PMCID: PMC10655922 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) is a powerful model system for deconstructing embryonic development. Although mice are the most advanced mammalian model system for genetic studies of embryonic development, state-of-the-art protocols for directed differentiation of mouse PSCs into defined lineages require additional steps and generates target cell types with lower purity than analogous protocols for human PSCs, limiting their application as models for mechanistic studies of development. Here, we examine the potential of mouse epiblast stem cells cultured in media containing Wnt pathway inhibitors as a starting point for directed differentiation. As a proof of concept, we focused our efforts on two specific cell/tissue types that have proven difficult to generate efficiently and reproducibly from mouse embryonic stem cells: definitive endoderm and neural organoids. We present new protocols for rapid generation of nearly pure definitive endoderm and forebrain-patterned neural organoids that model the development of prethalamic and hippocampal neurons. These differentiation models present new possibilities for combining mouse genetic tools with in vitro differentiation to characterize molecular and cellular mechanisms of embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Medina-Cano
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Emily K. Corrigan
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rachel A. Glenn
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Cell and Developmental Biology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mohammed T. Islam
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yuan Lin
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Juliet Kim
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hyunwoo Cho
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Thomas Vierbuchen
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
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5
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Casteels T, Bajew S, Reiniš J, Enders L, Schuster M, Fontaine F, Müller AC, Wagner BK, Bock C, Kubicek S. SMNDC1 links chromatin remodeling and splicing to regulate pancreatic hormone expression. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111288. [PMID: 36044849 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin expression is primarily restricted to the pancreatic β cells, which are physically or functionally depleted in diabetes. Identifying targetable pathways repressing insulin in non-β cells, particularly in the developmentally related glucagon-secreting α cells, is an important aim of regenerative medicine. Here, we perform an RNA interference screen in a murine α cell line to identify silencers of insulin expression. We discover that knockdown of the splicing factor Smndc1 triggers a global repression of α cell gene-expression programs in favor of increased β cell markers. Mechanistically, Smndc1 knockdown upregulates the β cell transcription factor Pdx1 by modulating the activities of the BAF and Atrx chromatin remodeling complexes. SMNDC1's repressive role is conserved in human pancreatic islets, its loss triggering enhanced insulin secretion and PDX1 expression. Our study identifies Smndc1 as a key factor connecting splicing and chromatin remodeling to the control of insulin expression in human and mouse islet cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Casteels
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Bajew
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Carrer del Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Carrer del Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jiří Reiniš
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lennart Enders
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Schuster
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Frédéric Fontaine
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - André C Müller
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Kubicek
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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6
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Abstract
Islet dysfunction is central in type 2 diabetes and full-blown type 2 diabetes develops first when the beta cells lose their ability to secrete adequate amounts of insulin in response to raised plasma glucose. Several mechanisms behind beta cell dysfunction have been put forward but many important questions still remain. Furthermore, our understanding of the contribution of each islet cell type in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology has been limited by technical boundaries. Closing this knowledge gap will lead to a leap forward in our understanding of the islet as an organ and potentially lead to improved treatments. The development of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) has led to a breakthrough for characterising the transcriptome of each islet cell type and several important observations on the regulation of cell-type-specific gene expression have been made. When it comes to identifying type 2 diabetes disease mechanisms, the outcome is still limited. Several studies have identified differentially expressed genes, although there is very limited consensus between the studies. As with all new techniques, scRNAseq has limitations; in addition to being extremely expensive, genes expressed at low levels may not be detected, noise may not be appropriately filtered and selection biases for certain cell types are at hand. Furthermore, recent advances suggest that commonly used computational tools may be suboptimal for analysis of scRNAseq data in small-scale studies. Fortunately, development of new computational tools holds promise for harnessing the full potential of scRNAseq data. Here we summarise how scRNAseq has contributed to increasing the understanding of various aspects of islet biology as well as type 2 diabetes disease mechanisms. We also focus on challenges that remain and propose steps to promote the utilisation of the full potential of scRNAseq in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nils Wierup
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden.
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7
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Yang D, Cho H, Tayyebi Z, Shukla A, Luo R, Dixon G, Ursu V, Stransky S, Tremmel DM, Sackett SD, Koche R, Kaplan SJ, Li QV, Park J, Zhu Z, Rosen BP, Pulecio J, Shi ZD, Bram Y, Schwartz RE, Odorico JS, Sidoli S, Wright CV, Leslie CS, Huangfu D. CRISPR screening uncovers a central requirement for HHEX in pancreatic lineage commitment and plasticity restriction. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:1064-1076. [PMID: 35787684 PMCID: PMC9283336 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-00946-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The pancreas and liver arise from a common pool of progenitors. However, the underlying mechanisms that drive their lineage diversification from the foregut endoderm are not fully understood. To tackle this question, we undertook a multifactorial approach that integrated human pluripotent-stem-cell-guided differentiation, genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 screening, single-cell analysis, genomics and proteomics. We discovered that HHEX, a transcription factor (TF) widely recognized as a key regulator of liver development, acts as a gatekeeper of pancreatic lineage specification. HHEX deletion impaired pancreatic commitment and unleashed an unexpected degree of cellular plasticity towards the liver and duodenum fates. Mechanistically, HHEX cooperates with the pioneer TFs FOXA1, FOXA2 and GATA4, shared by both pancreas and liver differentiation programmes, to promote pancreas commitment, and this cooperation restrains the shared TFs from activating alternative lineages. These findings provide a generalizable model for how gatekeeper TFs like HHEX orchestrate lineage commitment and plasticity restriction in broad developmental contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Yang
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Hyunwoo Cho
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Zakieh Tayyebi
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA,Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Abhijit Shukla
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Renhe Luo
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA,Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Gary Dixon
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA,Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,Present address: Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Valeria Ursu
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
| | - Stephanie Stransky
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | | | - Richard Koche
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Samuel J. Kaplan
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA,Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Qing V. Li
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA,Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Jiwoon Park
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Zengrong Zhu
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Bess P. Rosen
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA,Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Julian Pulecio
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Zhong-Dong Shi
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yaron Bram
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Robert E. Schwartz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | | | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Christopher V. Wright
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
| | - Christina S. Leslie
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA,Correspondence to: (DH), (CSL)
| | - Danwei Huangfu
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA,Correspondence to: (DH), (CSL)
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8
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Geusz RJ, Wang A, Lam DK, Vinckier NK, Alysandratos KD, Roberts DA, Wang J, Kefalopoulou S, Ramirez A, Qiu Y, Chiou J, Gaulton KJ, Ren B, Kotton DN, Sander M. Sequence logic at enhancers governs a dual mechanism of endodermal organ fate induction by FOXA pioneer factors. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6636. [PMID: 34789735 PMCID: PMC8599738 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26950-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
FOXA pioneer transcription factors (TFs) associate with primed enhancers in endodermal organ precursors. Using a human stem cell model of pancreas differentiation, we here discover that only a subset of pancreatic enhancers is FOXA-primed, whereas the majority is unprimed and engages FOXA upon lineage induction. Primed enhancers are enriched for signal-dependent TF motifs and harbor abundant and strong FOXA motifs. Unprimed enhancers harbor fewer, more degenerate FOXA motifs, and FOXA recruitment to unprimed but not primed enhancers requires pancreatic TFs. Strengthening FOXA motifs at an unprimed enhancer near NKX6.1 renders FOXA recruitment pancreatic TF-independent, induces priming, and broadens the NKX6.1 expression domain. We make analogous observations about FOXA binding during hepatic and lung development. Our findings suggest a dual role for FOXA in endodermal organ development: first, FOXA facilitates signal-dependent lineage initiation via enhancer priming, and second, FOXA enforces organ cell type-specific gene expression via indirect recruitment by lineage-specific TFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Geusz
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093 USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093 USA ,grid.468218.10000 0004 5913 3393Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093 USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Biomedical Graduate Studies Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92037 USA
| | - Allen Wang
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093 USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093 USA ,grid.468218.10000 0004 5913 3393Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093 USA
| | - Dieter K. Lam
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093 USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093 USA ,grid.468218.10000 0004 5913 3393Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093 USA
| | - Nicholas K. Vinckier
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093 USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093 USA ,grid.468218.10000 0004 5913 3393Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093 USA
| | - Konstantinos-Dionysios Alysandratos
- grid.239424.a0000 0001 2183 6745Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118 USA ,grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - David A. Roberts
- grid.239424.a0000 0001 2183 6745Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Jinzhao Wang
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093 USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093 USA ,grid.468218.10000 0004 5913 3393Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093 USA
| | - Samy Kefalopoulou
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093 USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093 USA ,grid.468218.10000 0004 5913 3393Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093 USA
| | - Araceli Ramirez
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093 USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093 USA ,grid.468218.10000 0004 5913 3393Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093 USA
| | - Yunjiang Qiu
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093 USA
| | - Joshua Chiou
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093 USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Biomedical Graduate Studies Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92037 USA
| | - Kyle J. Gaulton
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093 USA
| | - Bing Ren
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093 USA ,grid.1052.60000000097371625Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093-0653 USA
| | - Darrell N. Kotton
- grid.239424.a0000 0001 2183 6745Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118 USA ,grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Maike Sander
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA. .,Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA. .,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA.
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9
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Aghazadeh Y, Poon F, Sarangi F, Wong FTM, Khan ST, Sun X, Hatkar R, Cox BJ, Nunes SS, Nostro MC. Microvessels support engraftment and functionality of human islets and hESC-derived pancreatic progenitors in diabetes models. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:1936-1949.e8. [PMID: 34480863 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Islet transplantation is a promising treatment for type 1 diabetes (T1D), yet the low donor pool, poor islet engraftment, and life-long immunosuppression prevent it from becoming the standard of care. Human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived pancreatic cells could eliminate donor shortages, but interventions to improve graft survival are needed. Here, we enhanced subcutaneous engraftment by employing a unique vascularization strategy based on ready-made microvessels (MVs) isolated from the adipose tissue. This resulted in improved cell survival and effective glucose response of both human islets and hESC-derived pancreatic cells, which ameliorated preexisting diabetes in three mouse models of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Aghazadeh
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Frankie Poon
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Deparment of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Farida Sarangi
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Frances T M Wong
- Deparment of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Safwat T Khan
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Xuetao Sun
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Rupal Hatkar
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Brian J Cox
- Deparment of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1E2, Canada
| | - Sara S Nunes
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Laboratory of Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Heart & Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada.
| | - M Cristina Nostro
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Deparment of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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10
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Quantitative lineage analysis identifies a hepato-pancreato-biliary progenitor niche. Nature 2021; 597:87-91. [PMID: 34433966 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03844-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies based on single cells have revealed vast cellular heterogeneity in stem cell and progenitor compartments, suggesting continuous differentiation trajectories with intermixing of cells at various states of lineage commitment and notable degrees of plasticity during organogenesis1-5. The hepato-pancreato-biliary organ system relies on a small endoderm progenitor compartment that gives rise to a variety of different adult tissues, including the liver, pancreas, gall bladder and extra-hepatic bile ducts6,7. Experimental manipulation of various developmental signals in the mouse embryo has underscored important cellular plasticity in this embryonic territory6. This is reflected in the existence of human genetic syndromes as well as congenital malformations featuring multi-organ phenotypes in liver, pancreas and gall bladder6. Nevertheless, the precise lineage hierarchy and succession of events leading to the segregation of an endoderm progenitor compartment into hepatic, biliary and pancreatic structures have not yet been established. Here we combine computational modelling approaches with genetic lineage tracing to accurately reconstruct the hepato-pancreato-biliary lineage tree. We show that a multipotent progenitor subpopulation persists in the pancreato-biliary organ rudiment, contributing cells not only to the pancreas and gall bladder but also to the liver. Moreover, using single-cell RNA sequencing and functional experiments we define a specialized niche that supports this subpopulation in a multipotent state for an extended time during development. Together these findings indicate sustained plasticity underlying hepato-pancreato-biliary development that might also explain the rapid expansion of the liver while attenuating pancreato-biliary growth.
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11
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Theis A, Singer RA, Garofalo D, Paul A, Narayana A, Sussel L. Groucho co-repressor proteins regulate β cell development and proliferation by repressing Foxa1 in the developing mouse pancreas. Development 2021; 148:dev.192401. [PMID: 33658226 DOI: 10.1242/dev.192401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Groucho-related genes (GRGs) are transcriptional co-repressors that are crucial for many developmental processes. Several essential pancreatic transcription factors are capable of interacting with GRGs; however, the in vivo role of GRG-mediated transcriptional repression in pancreas development is still not well understood. In this study, we used complex mouse genetics and transcriptomic analyses to determine that GRG3 is essential for β cell development, and in the absence of Grg3 there is compensatory upregulation of Grg4 Grg3/4 double mutant mice have severe dysregulation of the pancreas gene program with ectopic expression of canonical liver genes and Foxa1, a master regulator of the liver program. Neurod1, an essential β cell transcription factor and predicted target of Foxa1, becomes downregulated in Grg3/4 mutants, resulting in reduced β cell proliferation, hyperglycemia, and early lethality. These findings uncover novel functions of GRG-mediated repression during pancreas development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Theis
- Department of Pediatrics and Cell & Developmental Biology, Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ruth A Singer
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Studies, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Diana Garofalo
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alexander Paul
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Graduate program in Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Anila Narayana
- Department of Pediatrics and Cell & Developmental Biology, Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Lori Sussel
- Department of Pediatrics and Cell & Developmental Biology, Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA .,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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12
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Ng NHJ, Neo CWY, Ding SSL, Teo AKK. Insights from single cell studies of human pancreatic islets and stem cell-derived islet cells to guide functional beta cell maturation in vitro. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 116:193-233. [PMID: 33752818 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
There is now a sizeable number of single cell transcriptomics studies performed on human and rodent pancreatic islets that have shed light on the unique gene signatures and level of heterogeneity within each individual islet cell type. Following closely from these studies, there is also rapidly-growing activity on characterizing islet-like cells derived from in vitro differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) at the single cell level. The overall consensus across the studies so far suggests that the first few stages of differentiation are largely uniform, whereas during pancreatic endocrine commitment, cell trajectories start to diverge, resulting in multiple end-stage pancreatic cells that include progenitor-like, endocrine and non-endocrine cells. Comprehensive transcriptional profiling is important for understanding how and why islet cells, especially the insulin-secreting beta cells, exist in subpopulations that differ in maturity, proliferation rate, sensitivity to stress, and insulin secretion function. For hPSC-derived beta cells to be used confidently for cell therapy, optimal differentiation and thorough characterization is required. The key questions to address are-What is the trajectory of differentiation? Is heterogeneity a natural occurrence or is it a consequence of imperfect differentiation protocols? Can lessons be drawn from the extensive single cell transcriptomic data to help guide maturation of beta cells in vitro? This book chapter seeks to address some of these questions, and facilitate ongoing efforts in improving the beta cell differentiation pipeline or enriching for desired beta cell populations following differentiation, to make way for better mechanistic studies and future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Hui Jin Ng
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Claire Wen Ying Neo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shirley Suet Lee Ding
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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13
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Dumasia NP, Pethe PS. Pancreas development and the Polycomb group protein complexes. Mech Dev 2020; 164:103647. [PMID: 32991980 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2020.103647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The dual nature of pancreatic tissue permits both endocrine and exocrine functions. Enzymatic secretions by the exocrine pancreas help digestive processes while the pancreatic hormones regulate glucose homeostasis and energy metabolism. Pancreas organogenesis is defined by a conserved array of signaling pathways that act on common gut progenitors to bring about the generation of diverse cell types. Multiple cellular processes characterize development of the mature organ. These processes are mediated by signaling pathways that regulate lineage-specific transcription factors and chromatin modifications guiding long-term gene expression programs. The chromatin landscape is altered chiefly by DNA or histone modifications, chromatin remodelers, and non-coding RNAs. Amongst histone modifiers, several studies have identified Polycomb group (PcG) proteins as crucial determinants mediating transcriptional repression of genes involved in developmental processes. Although PcG-mediated chromatin modifications define cellular transitions and influence cell identity of multipotent progenitors, much remains to be understood regarding coordination between extracellular signals and their impact on Polycomb functions during the pancreas lineage progression. In this review, we discuss interactions between sequence-specific DNA binding proteins and chromatin regulators underlying pancreas development and insulin producing β-cells, with particular focus on Polycomb group proteins. Understanding such basic molecular mechanisms would improve current strategies for stem cell-based differentiation while also help elucidate the pathogenesis of several pancreas-related maladies, including diabetes and pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufer P Dumasia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (deemed to-be) University, Mumbai 400 056, India
| | - Prasad S Pethe
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research (SCSCR), Symbiosis International University, Lavale, Pune 412 115, India.
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14
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Single-cell patterning and axis characterization in the murine and human definitive endoderm. Cell Res 2020; 31:326-344. [PMID: 33106598 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-00426-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Defining the precise regionalization of specified definitive endoderm progenitors is critical for understanding the mechanisms underlying the generation and regeneration of respiratory and digestive organs, yet the patterning of endoderm progenitors remains unresolved, particularly in humans. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing on endoderm cells during the early somitogenesis stages in mice and humans. We developed molecular criteria to define four major endoderm regions (foregut, lip of anterior intestinal portal, midgut, and hindgut) and their developmental pathways. We identified the cell subpopulations in each region and their spatial distributions and characterized key molecular features along the body axes. Dorsal and ventral pancreatic progenitors appear to originate from the midgut population and follow distinct pathways to develop into an identical cell type. Finally, we described the generally conserved endoderm patterning in humans and clear differences in dorsal cell distribution between species. Our study comprehensively defines single-cell endoderm patterning and provides novel insights into the spatiotemporal process that drives establishment of early endoderm domains.
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15
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Luo Q, Fu Q, Zhang X, Zhang H, Qin T. Application of Single-Cell RNA Sequencing in Pancreatic Cancer and the Endocrine Pancreas. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1255:143-152. [PMID: 32949397 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-4494-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The pancreas is a complex organ composed of an endocrine (pancreatic islets) and an exocrine portion. This mixed cell population has resulted in an implacable barrier to exploring the detailed mechanism and function of each cell type in previous investigative approaches. In recent years, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies have provided in-depth analysis of cell heterogeneity in the pancreas and in pancreatic cancer. It is especially effective in cell-type-specific molecule identification and detection of interactions between cancer cells and the stromal microenvironment. To date, numerous reports have described the application of scRNA-seq in studies of pancreatic islets and pancreatic cancer. The aim of this paper is to review recent advances of pancreatic transcriptomics and pancreatic cancer using scRNA-seq strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiankun Luo
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tao Qin
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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16
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Han L, Chaturvedi P, Kishimoto K, Koike H, Nasr T, Iwasawa K, Giesbrecht K, Witcher PC, Eicher A, Haines L, Lee Y, Shannon JM, Morimoto M, Wells JM, Takebe T, Zorn AM. Single cell transcriptomics identifies a signaling network coordinating endoderm and mesoderm diversification during foregut organogenesis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4158. [PMID: 32855417 PMCID: PMC7453027 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17968-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral organs, such as the lungs, stomach and liver, are derived from the fetal foregut through a series of inductive interactions between the definitive endoderm (DE) and the surrounding splanchnic mesoderm (SM). While DE patterning is fairly well studied, the paracrine signaling controlling SM regionalization and how this is coordinated with epithelial identity is obscure. Here, we use single cell transcriptomics to generate a high-resolution cell state map of the embryonic mouse foregut. This identifies a diversity of SM cell types that develop in close register with the organ-specific epithelium. We infer a spatiotemporal signaling network of endoderm-mesoderm interactions that orchestrate foregut organogenesis. We validate key predictions with mouse genetics, showing the importance of endoderm-derived signals in mesoderm patterning. Finally, leveraging these signaling interactions, we generate different SM subtypes from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), which previously have been elusive. The single cell data can be explored at: https://research.cchmc.org/ZornLab-singlecell. The fetal murine foregut develops into visceral organs via interactions between the mesoderm and endoderm, but how is unclear. Here, the authors use single cell RNAseq to show a diversity in organ specific splanchnic mesoderm cell-types, infer a signalling network governing organogenesis and use this to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Han
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Perinatal Institute, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Praneet Chaturvedi
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Perinatal Institute, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Keishi Kishimoto
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Perinatal Institute, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.,Laboratory for Lung Development, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.,CuSTOM-RIKEN BDR Collaborative Laboratory, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Koike
- CuSTOM, Division of Gastroenterology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Talia Nasr
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Perinatal Institute, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Kentaro Iwasawa
- CuSTOM, Division of Gastroenterology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Kirsten Giesbrecht
- CuSTOM, Division of Gastroenterology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Phillip C Witcher
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Perinatal Institute, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Alexandra Eicher
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Perinatal Institute, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Lauren Haines
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Perinatal Institute, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Yarim Lee
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Perinatal Institute, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - John M Shannon
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Mitsuru Morimoto
- Laboratory for Lung Development, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.,CuSTOM-RIKEN BDR Collaborative Laboratory, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - James M Wells
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Perinatal Institute, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Takanori Takebe
- CuSTOM, Division of Gastroenterology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Aaron M Zorn
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Perinatal Institute, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA. .,CuSTOM-RIKEN BDR Collaborative Laboratory, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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17
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Ruzittu S, Willnow D, Spagnoli FM. Direct Lineage Reprogramming: Harnessing Cell Plasticity between Liver and Pancreas. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a035626. [PMID: 31767653 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a035626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Direct lineage reprogramming of abundant and accessible cells into therapeutically useful cell types holds tremendous potential in regenerative medicine. To date, a number of different cell types have been generated by lineage reprogramming methods, including cells from the neural, cardiac, hepatic, and pancreatic lineages. The success of this strategy relies on developmental biology and the knowledge of cell-fate-defining transcriptional networks. Hepatocytes represent a prime target for β cell conversion for numerous reasons, including close developmental origin, accessibility, and regenerative potential. We present here an overview of pancreatic and hepatic development, with a particular focus on the mechanisms underlying the divergence between the two cell lineages. Additionally, we discuss to what extent this lineage relationship can be exploited in efforts to reprogram one cell type into the other and whether such an approach may provide a suitable strategy for regenerative therapies of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ruzittu
- Centre for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), D-13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - David Willnow
- Centre for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca M Spagnoli
- Centre for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
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18
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Yu XX, Xu CR. Understanding generation and regeneration of pancreatic β cells from a single-cell perspective. Development 2020; 147:147/7/dev179051. [PMID: 32280064 DOI: 10.1242/dev.179051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms that underlie the generation and regeneration of β cells is crucial for developing treatments for diabetes. However, traditional research methods, which are based on populations of cells, have limitations for defining the precise processes of β-cell differentiation and trans-differentiation, and the associated regulatory mechanisms. The recent development of single-cell technologies has enabled re-examination of these processes at a single-cell resolution to uncover intermediate cell states, cellular heterogeneity and molecular trajectories of cell fate specification. Here, we review recent advances in understanding β-cell generation and regeneration, in vivo and in vitro, from single-cell technologies, which could provide insights for optimization of diabetes therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Cheng-Ran Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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19
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Yu XX, Qiu WL, Yang L, Zhang Y, He MY, Li LC, Xu CR. Defining multistep cell fate decision pathways during pancreatic development at single-cell resolution. EMBO J 2019; 38:e100164. [PMID: 30737258 PMCID: PMC6463266 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018100164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of terminally differentiated cell lineages during organogenesis requires multiple, coordinated cell fate choice steps. However, this process has not been clearly delineated, especially in complex solid organs such as the pancreas. Here, we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing in pancreatic cells sorted from multiple genetically modified reporter mouse strains at embryonic stages E9.5-E17.5. We deciphered the developmental trajectories and regulatory strategies of the exocrine and endocrine pancreatic lineages as well as intermediate progenitor populations along the developmental pathways. Notably, we discovered previously undefined programs representing the earliest events in islet α- and β-cell lineage allocation as well as the developmental pathway of the "first wave" of α-cell generation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that repressing ERK pathway activity is essential for inducing both α- and β-lineage differentiation. This study provides key insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying cell fate choice and stepwise cell fate commitment and can be used as a resource to guide the induction of functional islet lineage cells from stem cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Lin Qiu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- PKU-Tsinghua-NIBS Graduate Program, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mao-Yang He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- PKU-Tsinghua-NIBS Graduate Program, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Chen Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng-Ran Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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20
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Pancreas organogenesis: The interplay between surrounding microenvironment(s) and epithelium-intrinsic factors. Curr Top Dev Biol 2019; 132:221-256. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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