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Trovo JVS, Weber-Lima MM, Prado-Costa B, Iunklaus GF, Andrade AJ, Sobral-Souza T, Muylaert RL, Alvarenga LM, Toledo MJO. The risk of vector transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi remains high in the State of Paraná. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2024; 119:e230226. [PMID: 38865577 PMCID: PMC11164317 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760230226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monitoring and analysing the infection rates of the vector of Trypanosoma cruzi, that causes Chagas disease, helps assess the risk of transmission. OBJECTIVES A study was carried out on triatomine in the State of Paraná, Brazil, between 2012 and 2021 and a comparison was made with a previous study. This was done to assess the risk of disease transmission. METHODS Ecological niche models based on climate and landscape variables were developed to predict habitat suitability for the vectors as a proxy for risk of occurrence. FINDINGS A total of 1,750 specimens of triatomines were recorded, of which six species were identified. The overall infection rate was 22.7%. The areas with the highest risk transmission of T. cruzi are consistent with previous predictions in municipalities. New data shows that climate models are more accurate than landscape models. This is likely because climate suitability was higher in the previous period. MAIN CONCLUSION Regardless of uneven sampling and potential biases, risk remains high due to the wide presence of infected vectors and high environmental suitability for vector species throughout the state and, therefore, improvements in public policies aimed at wide dissemination of knowledge about the disease are recommended to ensure the State remains free of Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Vitor S Trovo
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - Michele Martha Weber-Lima
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Patologia Básica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Bianca Prado-Costa
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Patologia Básica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Giullia F Iunklaus
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - Andrey J Andrade
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Patologia Básica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Thadeu Sobral-Souza
- Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia, Laboratório de Macroecologia, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Renata L Muylaert
- Massey University, Hopkirk Research Institute, Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Larissa M Alvarenga
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Patologia Básica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Max Jean O Toledo
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Maringá, PR, Brasil
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Gurgel-Gonçalves R. Stronger control-surveillance systems for vector-borne Chagas disease. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2023; 117:e210130chgsb. [PMID: 36700577 PMCID: PMC9870259 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760210130chgsb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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High Parasitic Loads Quantified in Sylvatic Triatoma melanica, a Chagas Disease Vector. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121498. [PMID: 36558833 PMCID: PMC9785645 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triatoma melanica is a sylvatic vector species in Brazil. In We aimed to characterize the Trypanosoma cruzi discrete typing units (DTUs), the parasitic loads, and the blood meal sources of insects collected in rocky outcrops in rural areas in the state of Minas Gerais. An optical microscope (OM) and kDNA-PCR were used to examine natural infection by T. cruzi, and positive samples were genotyped by conventional multilocus PCR. Quantification of the T. cruzi load was performed using qPCR, and the blood meal sources were identified by Sanger sequencing the 12S rRNA gene. A total of 141 T. melanica were captured. Of these, ~55% (61/111) and ~91% (63/69) were positive by OM and KDNA-PCR, respectively. We genotyped ~89% (56/63) of the T. cruzi-positive triatomines, with TcI (~55%, 31/56) being the most prevalent DTU, followed by TcIII (~20%, 11/56) and TcII (~7%, 4/56). Only TcI+TcIII mixed infections were detected in 10 (~18%) specimens. A wide range of variation in the parasitic loads of T. melanica was observed, with an overall median value of 104 parasites/intestine, with females having higher T. cruzi loads than N2, N4, and N5. TcII showed lower parasitic loads compared to TcI and TcIII. The OM positive diagnosis odds ratio between T. cruzi infection when the parasite load is 107 compared to 103 was approximately 29.1. The most frequent blood meal source was Kerodon rupestris (~58%), followed by Thrichomys apereoides (~18%), Wiedomys cerradensis (~8%), Galactis cuja (~8%) and Gallus gallus (~8%). Our findings characterize biological and epidemiological aspects of the sylvatic population of T. melanica in the study area, highlighting the need to extend surveillance and control to this vector.
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Lima de Miranda V, Gurgel-Gonçalves R, Moreira de Souza RDC, Abad-Franch F. Triatoma costalimai, a neglected vector of Trypanosoma cruzi in the Cerrado savannas of South America: A comprehensive review. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PARASITOLOGY & VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES 2022; 2:100102. [PMID: 36479576 PMCID: PMC9720413 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2022.100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Triatoma costalimai is a little-known triatomine-bug species whose role as a vector of Chagas disease remains poorly understood. To address this gap, we conducted a comprehensive review of the literature and assessed the evidence base from a public-health perspective. We found 89 individual documents/resources with information about T. costalimai. DNA-sequence and cytogenetic data indicate that T. costalimai belongs, together with Triatoma jatai, in a distinct clade within the 'pseudomaculata group' of South American Triatoma. Triatoma costalimai is probably a narrow endemic of the Cerrado on the upper Tocantins River Basin and associated ranges/plateaus; there, the species thrives in the sandstone/limestone outcrops typical of the "Cerrado rupestre" (rocky-soil savanna) and "mata seca decídua calcária" (limestone-soil dry forest) phytophysiognomies. Wild T. costalimai appear to feed on whatever vertebrates are available in rocky outcrops, with lizards and rodents being most common. There is persuasive evidence that house invasion/infestation by T. costalimai has increased in frequency since the 1990s. The bugs often carry Trypanosoma cruzi, often defecate while feeding, have high fecundity/fertility, and, under overtly favorable conditions, can produce two generations per year. Current knowledge suggests that T. costalimai can transmit human Chagas disease in the upper Tocantins Basin; control-surveillance systems should 'tag' the species as a potentially important local vector in the Brazilian states of Goiás and Tocantins. Further research is needed to clarify (i) the drivers and dynamics of house invasion, infestation, and reinfestation by T. costalimai and (ii) the genetic structuring and vector capacity of the species, including its wild and non-wild populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Lima de Miranda
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Gurgel-Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Abad-Franch
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
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5
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Ribeiro-Jr G, Araújo RFD, Carvalho CMMD, Cunha GM, Lanza FC, Miranda DLP, Sousa OMFD, Santos CGSD, Fonseca EOL, Santos RFD, Reis RB, Gurgel-Gonçalves R, Reis MG. Triatomine fauna in the state of Bahia, Brazil: What changed after 40 years of the vector-control program? Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2022; 55:e07322021. [PMID: 35894404 PMCID: PMC9361752 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0732-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neglected tropical diseases are a growing threat to global health, and endemic Chagas disease has emerged as one of the most important health problems in America. The main strategy to prevent Trypanosoma cruzi transmission is chemical control of vectors. This study presents a descriptive analysis of synanthropic triatomines before and after the implementation of a vector-control program in Bahia, Brazil. Methods: Descriptive analysis and geospatial statistics were performed on triatomine data, (1) the relative abundance and (2) proportional spatial distribution, from Bahia during two periods: (A) 1957 to 1971 and (B) 2006 to 2019. Results: We observed a decrease in the relative abundance of Panstrongylus megistus (A: n=22.032, 61.9%; B: n=1.842, 1.0%) and Triatoma infestans (A: n=1.310, 3.7%; B: n=763, 0.43%), as well as an increase in the relative abundance of T. sordida (A: n=8.314, 23.4%, B: n=146.901, 81.6%) and T. pseudomaculata (A: n=894, 2.5%, B: n=16.717, 9.3%). Conclusions: Our results indicate a clear reduction in the occurrence of P. megistus and T. infestans (last record in 2015) and an increase in the relative abundance and geographical distribution of T. sordida and T. pseudomaculata after 40 years of the vector-control program. The high frequency of other triatomine species in the municipalities of the state of Bahia and their abundance in recent years highlight the need to reinforce permanent entomological surveillance actions to prevent Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilmar Ribeiro-Jr
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Renato Freitas de Araújo
- Secretaria de Saúde do Estado da Bahia, Centro de Saúde José Maria de Magalhães Neto, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | | | - Gabriel Muricy Cunha
- Secretaria de Saúde do Estado da Bahia, Centro de Saúde José Maria de Magalhães Neto, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | | | - Diego Lopes Paim Miranda
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, BA, Brasil.,Universidade Federal da Bahia, Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Salvador, Brasil
| | - Orlando Marcos Farias de Sousa
- Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Coordenação Geral de Vigilância de Zoonoses e Doenças de Transmissão Vetorial, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - Rodrigo Gurgel-Gonçalves
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Mitermayer Galvão Reis
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, BA, Brasil.,Universidade Federal da Bahia, Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Salvador, Brasil.,Yale University, Connecticut, USA
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de Arias AR, Monroy C, Guhl F, Sosa-Estani S, Santos WS, Abad-Franch F. Chagas disease control-surveillance in the Americas: the multinational initiatives and the practical impossibility of interrupting vector-borne Trypanosoma cruzi transmission. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2022; 117:e210130. [PMID: 35830010 PMCID: PMC9261920 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760210130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) still imposes a heavy burden on most Latin American countries. Vector-borne and mother-to-child transmission cause several thousand new infections per year, and at least 5 million people carry Trypanosoma cruzi. Access to diagnosis and medical care, however, is far from universal. Starting in the 1990s, CD-endemic countries and the Pan American Health Organization-World Health Organization (PAHO-WHO) launched a series of multinational initiatives for CD control-surveillance. An overview of the initiatives’ aims, achievements, and challenges reveals some key common themes that we discuss here in the context of the WHO 2030 goals for CD. Transmission of T. cruzi via blood transfusion and organ transplantation is effectively under control. T. cruzi, however, is a zoonotic pathogen with 100+ vector species widely spread across the Americas; interrupting vector-borne transmission seems therefore unfeasible. Stronger surveillance systems are, and will continue to be, needed to monitor and control CD. Prevention of vertical transmission demands boosting current efforts to screen pregnant and childbearing-aged women. Finally, integral patient care is a critical unmet need in most countries. The decades-long experience of the initiatives, in sum, hints at the practical impossibility of interrupting vector-borne T. cruzi transmission in the Americas. The concept of disease control seems to provide a more realistic description of what can in effect be achieved by 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlota Monroy
- Universidad de San Carlos, Laboratorio de Entomología y Parasitología Aplicadas, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Felipe Guhl
- Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sergio Sosa-Estani
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative Latin America, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Walter Souza Santos
- Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Laboratório de Epidemiologia das Leishmanioses, Ananindeua, PA, Brasil
| | - Fernando Abad-Franch
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Brasília, DF, Brasil
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Chacón F, Bacigalupo A, Álvarez-Duhart B, Cattan PE, Solís R, Muñoz-San Martín C. The Parasite Load of Trypanosoma cruzi Modulates Feeding and Defecation Patterns of the Chagas Disease Vector Triatoma infestans. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10051003. [PMID: 35630447 PMCID: PMC9143535 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10051003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is the causal agent of Chagas disease, a parasitic zoonosis transmitted mainly through the feces of triatomine insects. Triatoma infestans is the main triatomine vector of this disease in South America. Previous research has shown that T. cruzi infection modifies the behavior of triatomines. We evaluated, for the first time, the effect of parasite load on feeding and defecation behavior, which we quantified by using real-time PCR. The detection time of the host was shorter in infected individuals, and the number of bites increased, while the dejection time was reduced when compared with the non-infected group. A significant correlation between the parasite load and the behavioral changes registered in the infected triatomines was found. These results would indicate that the intensity of T. cruzi infection modulates the feeding and defecation behavior of T. infestans, increasing the vector competence of this triatomine vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Chacón
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (F.C.); (A.B.); (B.Á.-D.); (P.E.C.)
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Silvoagropecuarias y Veterinarias, Campus Sur, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
| | - Antonella Bacigalupo
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (F.C.); (A.B.); (B.Á.-D.); (P.E.C.)
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Bárbara Álvarez-Duhart
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (F.C.); (A.B.); (B.Á.-D.); (P.E.C.)
| | - Pedro E. Cattan
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (F.C.); (A.B.); (B.Á.-D.); (P.E.C.)
| | - Rigoberto Solís
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (F.C.); (A.B.); (B.Á.-D.); (P.E.C.)
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (C.M.-S.M.); Tel.: +56-229-785-527 (R.S.); +56-229-785-637 (C.M.-S.M.)
| | - Catalina Muñoz-San Martín
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago 8370854, Chile
- Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Universidad de las Américas, Campus Providencia, Santiago 7500975, Chile
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (C.M.-S.M.); Tel.: +56-229-785-527 (R.S.); +56-229-785-637 (C.M.-S.M.)
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Worldwide Control and Management of Chagas Disease in a New Era of Globalization: a Close Look at Congenital Trypanosoma cruzi Infection. Clin Microbiol Rev 2022; 35:e0015221. [PMID: 35239422 PMCID: PMC9020358 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00152-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Population movements have turned Chagas disease (CD) into a global public health problem. Despite the successful implementation of subregional initiatives to control vectorial and transfusional Trypanosoma cruzi transmission in Latin American settings where the disease is endemic, congenital CD (cCD) remains a significant challenge. In countries where the disease is not endemic, vertical transmission plays a key role in CD expansion and is the main focus of its control. Although several health organizations provide general protocols for cCD control, its management in each geopolitical region depends on local authorities, which has resulted in a multitude of approaches. The aims of this review are to (i) describe the current global situation in CD management, with emphasis on congenital infection, and (ii) summarize the spectrum of available strategies, both official and unofficial, for cCD prevention and control in countries of endemicity and nonendemicity. From an economic point of view, the early detection and treatment of cCD are cost-effective. However, in countries where the disease is not endemic, national health policies for cCD control are nonexistent, and official regional protocols are scarce and restricted to Europe. Countries of endemicity have more protocols in place, but the implementation of diagnostic methods is hampered by economic constraints. Moreover, most protocols in both countries where the disease is endemic and those where it is not endemic have yet to incorporate recently developed technologies. The wide methodological diversity in cCD diagnostic algorithms reflects the lack of a consensus. This review may represent a first step toward the development of a common strategy, which will require the collaboration of health organizations, governments, and experts in the field.
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Martins MF, de Moraes SC, Oliveira J, dos Santos JC, Santos-Silva LK, Galvão C. Triatoma williami in intradomiciliary environments of urban areas in Mato Grosso State, Brazil: domiciliation process of a wild species? Infect Dis Poverty 2022; 11:18. [PMID: 35164858 PMCID: PMC8843021 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-022-00938-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Triatomines in Latin America are natural Chagas disease (ChD) vectors. Triatomine domiciliation is one of the main factors increasing the occurrence risk of this disease in humans. There are 66 triatomine species in Brazil, with three genera of significant epidemiological importance—Panstrongylus, Rhodnius, and Triatoma. Among the Triatoma species, Triatoma williami, a wild species, has been reported in Goiás, Mato Grosso, and Mato Grosso do Sul. In the Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, the invasion by triatomines has been reported, with T. williami being the most common species. This study aimed to survey triatomine fauna and determine the Trypanosoma cruzi natural infection rates in triatomines in the urban area of Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Methods
Triatomine specimens were sampled by passive surveillance or active search by agents combating endemic diseases from 2019 to 2020. A parasitological feces diagnosis was performed to detect the presence of T. cruzi after the specimens were identified. Concerning T. cruzi identification, molecular diagnosis and genetic sequencing were performed to determine the strain, also called discrete typing units (DTUs).
Results
The 211 triatomines were collected, distributed in specimens of T. williami (84.4%), P. geniculatus (3.3%), P. diasi (1.4%), and R. neglectus (10.9%). Two colonies of T. williami were found through morphological analyses. These insects were sampled inside domiciles in an urban area neighboring Jardim Pitaluga (15° 51′57.7″ N, 052° 16′ 04.5 E). The records were sampled in September 2019 and January 2021. The rate of natural infection by T. cruzi was 39.4%. Two T. williami specimens from the sampled colonies were positive for the T. cruzi strain DTU IV.
Conclusions
This is the first time that T. williami has been confirmed in an urban area of Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Further studies are needed for a clearer understanding of the ecology of this species for prevention and control mechanisms since its sampled specimens had a high rate of natural infection by T. cruzi.
Graphical Abstract
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Gorla DE, Xiao-Nong Z, Diotaiuti L, Khoa PT, Waleckx E, Souza RDCMD, Qin L, Lam TX, Freilij H. Different profiles and epidemiological scenarios: past, present and future. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2022; 117:e200409. [PMID: 35613154 PMCID: PMC9126320 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760200409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The multiplicity of epidemiological scenarios shown by Chagas Disease, derived from multiple transmission routes of the aetiological agent, occurring on multiple geo-ecobiosocial settings determines the complexity of the disease and reveal the difficulties for its control. From the first description of the link between the parasite, the vector and its domestic habitat and the disease that Carlos Chagas made in 1909, the epidemiological scenarios of the American Trypanosomiasis has shown a dynamic increasing complexity. These scenarios changed with time and geography because of new understandings of the disease from multiple studies, because of policies change at the national and international levels and because human movements brought the parasite and vectors to new geographies. Paradigms that seemed solid at a time were broken down, and we learnt about the global dispersion of Trypanosoma cruzi infection, the multiplicity of transmission routes, that the infection can be cured, and that triatomines are not only a health threat in Latin America. We consider the multiple epidemiological scenarios through the different T. cruzi transmission routes, with or without the participation of a Triatominae vector. We then consider the scenario of regions with vectors without the parasite, to finish with the consideration of future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pham Thi Khoa
- Science Services of Insect Joint Stock Company, Viet Nam
| | - Etienne Waleckx
- Université de Montpellier, France; Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mexico
| | | | - Liu Qin
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
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11
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Tátila-Ferreira A, Garcia GA, Dos Santos LMB, Pavan MG, de C Moreira CJ, Victoriano JC, da Silva-Junior R, Dos Santos-Mallet JR, Verly T, Britto C, Sikulu-Lord MT, Maciel-de-Freitas R. Near infrared spectroscopy accurately detects Trypanosoma cruzi non-destructively in midguts, rectum and excreta samples of Triatoma infestans. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23884. [PMID: 34903840 PMCID: PMC8668913 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03465-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi parasite with an estimated 70 million people at risk. Traditionally, parasite presence in triatomine vectors is detected through optical microscopy which can be low in sensitivity or molecular techniques which can be costly in endemic countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of a reagent-free technique, the Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) for rapid and non-invasive detection of T. cruzi in Triatoma infestans body parts and in wet/dry excreta samples of the insect. NIRS was 100% accurate for predicting the presence of T. cruzi infection Dm28c strain (TcI) in either the midgut or the rectum and models developed from either body part could predict infection in the other part. Models developed to predict infection in excreta samples were 100% accurate for predicting infection in both wet and dry samples. However, models developed using dry excreta could not predict infection in wet samples and vice versa. This is the first study to report on the potential application of NIRS for rapid and non-invasive detection of T. cruzi infection in T. infestans in the laboratory. Future work should demonstrate the capacity of NIRS to detect T. cruzi in triatomines originating from the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Tátila-Ferreira
- Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriela A Garcia
- Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lilha M B Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Márcio G Pavan
- Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos José de C Moreira
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana C Victoriano
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica de Diptera E Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renato da Silva-Junior
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica de Diptera E Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Iguaçu - UNIG, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jacenir R Dos Santos-Mallet
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica de Diptera E Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Iguaçu - UNIG, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thaiane Verly
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Constança Britto
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maggy T Sikulu-Lord
- The School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Rafael Maciel-de-Freitas
- Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Brito RN, Souza RCM, Diotaitui L, Lima VS, Ferreira RA. Coleção de Vetores de Tripanosomatídeos (Fiocruz/COLVET) held at the institution Fiocruz Minas in Brazil: diversity of Triatominae (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) and relevance for research, education, and entomological surveillance. Zookeys 2021; 1074:17-42. [PMID: 34963751 PMCID: PMC8654810 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1074.69700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Coleção de Vetores de Tripanosomatídeos (Fiocruz/COLVET), Minas Gerais, Brazil, stands out as one of the most important collections of blood-sucking triatomines, the vectors of Trypanosomacruzi that causes Chagas disease. The aim is to describe the collection and the services it provides to support scientific research, educational activities, and entomological surveillance between 2013-2019.The data associated with the specimens held in Fiocruz/COLVET is available from the Sistema de Informação sobre a Biodiversidade Brasileira (SiBBr). These specimen metadata were analyzed and either tabulated or plotted on graph and maps. The records of services provided by the collection between 2013-2019 were also categorized and analyzed. There are 12,568 triatomine specimens deposited in the collection that belong to 77 species and 11 genera, from 15 American countries. Of the ~ 65 species of triatomines found in Brazil, 38 (57.6%) are present in the collection, including specimens from all biomes and all but three Brazilian states. The occurrence of Triatomacostalimai, Triatomalenti, Rhodniusnasutus, and Panstrongyluslenti apparently collected beyond their known distribution ranges are reported and discussed. The collection provided 168 services, supporting educational activities (41.7%), scientific research (35.7%), and regional/national entomological surveillance of triatomines (22.6%). Between the years 2014 and 2020, the number of biological specimens deposited in the Fiocruz/COLVET repository increased from 4,778 to 12,568 triatomine specimens. In addition to its great value to biodiversity conservation, the collection is of great importance because of its support of research and educational activities, and contributions to entomological surveillance, and, therefore, to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raíssa N. Brito
- Grupo Triatomíneos, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz – IRR/Fiocruz Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilInstituto René RachouBelo HorizonteBrazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Distrito Federal, BrazilUniversidade de BrasíliaBrasíliaBrazil
| | - Rita C. M. Souza
- Grupo Triatomíneos, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz – IRR/Fiocruz Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilInstituto René RachouBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | - Liléia Diotaitui
- Grupo Triatomíneos, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz – IRR/Fiocruz Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilInstituto René RachouBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | - Valeria S. Lima
- Grupo Triatomíneos, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz – IRR/Fiocruz Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilInstituto René RachouBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | - Raquel A. Ferreira
- Grupo Triatomíneos, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz – IRR/Fiocruz Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilInstituto René RachouBelo HorizonteBrazil
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Silva TRM, Ferrer-Miranda E, de Oliveira JCP, Santoro KR, Alves LC, de Barros LSS, Ramos RAN, de Carvalho GA. Infections by trypanosomatid (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) in triatomines (Hemiptera: Triatominae): A spatiotemporal assessment in an endemic area for Chagas disease. Zoonoses Public Health 2021; 69:95-105. [PMID: 34713588 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This research analysed the spatiotemporal distribution of triatomines infected by trypanosomatid parasites in an endemic region for Chagas disease, in the state of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. The database included the total number of triatomines captured from intradomicile and peridomicile areas, as well as the infection rate (IR) by trypanosomatid. The G i ∗ by Getis-Ord method was used to statistically identify significant concentration clusters and the IR of triatomines by trypanosomatids. A generalized linear regression model with a binomial distribution was used to evaluate the probability of finding an IR by trypanosomatids. Overall, of 4,800 triatomines examined, trypanosomatid forms similar to Trypanosoma cruzi were detected in 10.29% of them, and the majority of positive specimens (98.17%) were collected at intradomicile. The geospatial analyses identified triatomines clusters in intradomicile and peridomicile environments. According to the logistic regression data for species (Panstrongylus lutzi, P. megistus, Triatoma brasiliensis and T. pseudomaculata), the probability of detection of T. cruzi infection remains constant in up to 50 specimens examined or more. The findings of this research revealed a scenario never studied in this area through this type of spatiotemporal analysis, which is essential to identify areas of vulnerability for the occurrence of these vectors and consequently for Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edyniesky Ferrer-Miranda
- Graduate Program in Biometrics and Applies Statistics, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Kleber Régis Santoro
- Graduate Program in Biometrics and Applies Statistics, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Leucio Câmara Alves
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Ribeiro-Jr G, Abad-Franch F, de Sousa OMF, dos Santos CGS, Fonseca EOL, dos Santos RF, Cunha GM, de Carvalho CMM, Reis RB, Gurgel-Gonçalves R, Reis MG. TriatoScore: an entomological-risk score for Chagas disease vector control-surveillance. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:492. [PMID: 34563255 PMCID: PMC8465766 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04954-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triatomine bugs transmit Chagas disease across Latin America, where vector control-surveillance is increasingly decentralized. Locally run systems often deal with highly diverse native-vector faunas-plus, in some areas, domestic populations of non-native species. Flexible entomological-risk indicators that cover native and non-native vectors and can support local decision-making are therefore needed. METHODS We present a local-scale entomological-risk score ("TriatoScore") that leverages and builds upon information on the ecology-behavior and distribution-biogeography of individual triatomine bug species. We illustrate our approach by calculating TriatoScores for the 417 municipalities of Bahia state, Brazil. For this, we (i) listed all triatomine bug species recorded statewide; (ii) derived a "species relevance score" reflecting whether each species is native/non-native and, if native, whether/how often it invades/colonizes dwellings; (iii) mapped each species' presence by municipality; (iv) for native vectors, weighted presence by the proportion of municipal territory within ecoregions occupied by each species; (v) multiplied "species relevance score" × "weighted presence" to get species-specific "weighted scores"; and (vi) summed "weighted scores" across species to get municipal TriatoScores. Using standardized TriatoScores, we then grouped municipalities into high/moderate/low entomological-risk strata. RESULTS TriatoScores were higher in municipalities dominated by dry-to-semiarid ecoregions than in those dominated by savanna-grassland or, especially, moist-forest ecoregions. Bahia's native triatomines can maintain high to moderate risk of vector-borne Chagas disease in 318 (76.3%) municipalities. Historical elimination of Triatoma infestans from 125 municipalities reduced TriatoScores by ~ 27% (range, 20-44%); eight municipalities reported T. infestans since Bahia was certified free of Trypanosoma cruzi transmission by this non-native species. Entomological-risk strata based on TriatoScores agreed well with Bahia's official disease-risk strata, but TriatoScores suggest that the official classification likely underestimates risk in 42 municipalities. Of 152 municipalities failing to report triatomines in 2006-2019, two and 71 had TriatoScores corresponding to, respectively, high and moderate entomological risk. CONCLUSIONS TriatoScore can help control-surveillance managers to flexibly assess and stratify the entomological risk of Chagas disease at operationally relevant scales. Integrating eco-epidemiological, demographic, socioeconomic, or operational data (on, e.g., local-scale dwelling-infestation or vector-infection frequencies, land-use change and urbanization, housing conditions, poverty, or the functioning of control-surveillance systems) is also straightforward. TriatoScore may thus become a useful addition to the triatomine bug control-surveillance toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando Abad-Franch
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal Brazil
| | - Orlando M. F. de Sousa
- Coordenação Geral de Vigilância de Zoonoses e Doenças de Transmissão Vetorial, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, Distrito Federal Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo O. L. Fonseca
- Instituto de Tecnologias da Saúde, Centro Universitário SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Roberto F. dos Santos
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Prof. Gonçalo Moniz, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia Brazil
| | - Gabriel M. Cunha
- Centro de Atenção à Saúde José Maria de Magalhães Neto, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia Brazil
| | - Cristiane M. M. de Carvalho
- Centro de Atenção à Saúde José Maria de Magalhães Neto, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Gurgel-Gonçalves
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal Brazil
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal Brazil
| | - Mitermayer G. Reis
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fiocruz Bahia, Salvador, Bahia Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia Brazil
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
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Costa J, Dale C, Galvão C, Almeida CE, Dujardin JP. Do the new triatomine species pose new challenges or strategies for monitoring Chagas disease? An overview from 1979-2021. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2021; 116:e210015. [PMID: 34076075 PMCID: PMC8186471 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760210015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease persists as one of the most important, and yet most neglected, diseases in the world, and several changes in its epidemiological aspects have been recorded since its discovery. Currently, some of the most relevant changes are related to: (i) the reduction in the incidence of the endemic due to the control of the most important vectors, Triatoma infestans and Rhodnius prolixus, in many countries; (ii) the migration of human populations spreading cases of the disease throughout the world, from endemic to non-endemic areas, transforming Chagas disease into a global threat; and (iii) new acute cases and deaths caused by oral transmission, especially in the north of Brazil. Despite the reduction in the number of cases, new challenges need to be responded to, including monitoring and control activities aiming to prevent house infestation by the secondary vectors from occurring. In 1979, Lent & Wygodzinsky(1) published the most complete review of the subfamily Triatominae, encompassing 111 recognised species in the taxon. Forty-two years later, 46 new species and one subspecies have been described or revalidated. Here we summarise the new species and contextualise them regarding their ecology, epidemiologic importance, and the obstacles they pose to the control of Chagas disease around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Costa
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biodiversidade Entomológica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Carolina Dale
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biodiversidade Entomológica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Cleber Galvão
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Almeida
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brasil
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia, Campinas, SP, Brasil
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Diaz-Hernandez A, Gonzalez-Vazquez MC, Arce-Fonseca M, Rodriguez-Morales O, Cedilllo-Ramirez ML, Carabarin-Lima A. Risk of COVID-19 in Chagas Disease Patients: What Happen with Cardiac Affectations? BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10050411. [PMID: 34066383 PMCID: PMC8148128 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chagas disease is considered a neglected tropical disease. The acute phase of Chagas disease is characterized by several symptoms: fever, fatigue, body aches, headache and cardiopathy's. Chronic phase could be asymptomatic or symptomatic with cardiac compromise. Since the emergence of the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the cardiovascular involvement has been identified as a complication commonly reported in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Due to the lack of knowledge of the cardiac affectations that this virus could cause in patients with Chagas disease, the aim of this review is to describe the possible cardiac affectations, as well as the treatment and recommendations that patients with both infections should carry out. METHODS The authors revised the recent and relevant literature concerning the topic and discussed advances and limitations of studies on COVID-19 and their impact in Chagas disease patients, principally with cardiac affectations. RESULTS There currently exists little information about the consequences that Chagas disease patients can suffer when they are infected with COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights the emerging challenges of access to medical care and future research needs in order to understand the implications that co-infections (SARS-CoV-2 or other viruses) can generate in Chagas disease-infected people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Diaz-Hernandez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur y Avenida San Claudio, Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72570, Mexico; (A.D.-H.); (M.C.G.-V.); (M.L.C.-R.)
| | - Maria Cristina Gonzalez-Vazquez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur y Avenida San Claudio, Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72570, Mexico; (A.D.-H.); (M.C.G.-V.); (M.L.C.-R.)
| | - Minerva Arce-Fonseca
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico; (M.A.-F.); (O.R.-M.)
| | - Olivia Rodriguez-Morales
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico; (M.A.-F.); (O.R.-M.)
| | - Maria Lilia Cedilllo-Ramirez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur y Avenida San Claudio, Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72570, Mexico; (A.D.-H.); (M.C.G.-V.); (M.L.C.-R.)
| | - Alejandro Carabarin-Lima
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur y Avenida San Claudio, Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72570, Mexico; (A.D.-H.); (M.C.G.-V.); (M.L.C.-R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-222-2295-500 (ext. 3965)
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Gurgel-Gonçalves R, Abad-Franch F, de Almeida MR, Obara MT, de Souza RDCM, Batista JADS, Rocha DDA. TriatoDex, an electronic identification key to the Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), vectors of Chagas disease: Development, description, and performance. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248628. [PMID: 33886550 PMCID: PMC8061935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Correct identification of triatomine bugs is crucial for Chagas disease surveillance, yet available taxonomic keys are outdated, incomplete, or both. Here we present TriatoDex, an Android app-based pictorial, annotated, polytomous key to the Triatominae. TriatoDex was developed using Android Studio and tested by 27 Brazilian users. Each user received a box with pinned, number-labeled, adult triatomines (33 species in total) and was asked to identify each bug to the species level. We used generalized linear mixed models (with user- and species-ID random effects) and information-theoretic model evaluation/averaging to investigate TriatoDex performance. TriatoDex encompasses 79 questions and 554 images of the 150 triatomine-bug species described worldwide up to 2017. TriatoDex-based identification was correct in 78.9% of 824 tasks. TriatoDex performed better in the hands of trained taxonomists (93.3% vs. 72.7% correct identifications; model-averaged, adjusted odds ratio 5.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.09–11.48). In contrast, user age, gender, primary job (including academic research/teaching or disease surveillance), workplace (including universities, a reference laboratory for triatomine-bug taxonomy, or disease-surveillance units), and basic training (from high school to biology) all had negligible effects on TriatoDex performance. Our analyses also suggest that, as TriatoDex results accrue to cover more taxa, they may help pinpoint triatomine-bug species that are consistently harder (than average) to identify. In a pilot comparison with a standard, printed key (370 tasks by seven users), TriatoDex performed similarly (84.5% correct assignments, CI 68.9–94.0%), but identification was 32.8% (CI 24.7–40.1%) faster on average–for a mean absolute saving of ~2.3 minutes per bug-identification task. TriatoDex holds much promise as a handy, flexible, and reliable tool for triatomine-bug identification; an updated iOS/Android version is under development. We expect that, with continuous refinement derived from evolving knowledge and user feedback, TriatoDex will substantially help strengthen both entomological surveillance and research on Chagas disease vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Gurgel-Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Área de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Fernando Abad-Franch
- Faculdade de Medicina, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Takashi Obara
- Faculdade de Medicina, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | | | - Douglas de Almeida Rocha
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Área de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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Dias JVL, Souza RDCMD, Souza JMB, Diotaiuti LG, Ferreira RA. Occurrence of Panstrongylus megistus (Burmeister, 1835) in an area under entomological surveillance in the Southeast Region of Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2021; 54:e00842020. [PMID: 33338105 PMCID: PMC7747831 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0084-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Góes JAP, Andrade LA, Carvalho MS, Araújo DDC, Santos MB, Tanajura DM, Menezes AF, Araújo KCGM, Santos AD. Spatial patterns and temporal tendency of mortality related to Chagas disease in an endemic area of northeastern Brazil. Trop Med Int Health 2020; 25:1298-1305. [DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Márcio Bezerra Santos
- Post‐graduate Programme in Parasitic Biology Federal University of Sergipe Aracaju Brazil
| | - Diego Moura Tanajura
- Department of Health Education Federal University of Sergipe Lagarto Lagarto Brazil
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Echeverría LE, Marcus R, Novick G, Sosa-Estani S, Ralston K, Zaidel EJ, Forsyth C, RIbeiro ALP, Mendoza I, Falconi ML, Mitelman J, Morillo CA, Pereiro AC, Pinazo MJ, Salvatella R, Martinez F, Perel P, Liprandi ÁS, Piñeiro DJ, Molina GR. WHF IASC Roadmap on Chagas Disease. Glob Heart 2020; 15:26. [PMID: 32489799 PMCID: PMC7218776 DOI: 10.5334/gh.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chagas Disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, with some of the most serious manifestations affecting the cardiovascular system. It is a chronic, stigmatizing condition, closely associated with poverty and affecting close to 6 million people globally. Although historically the disease was limited to endemic areas of Latin America recent years have seen an increasing global spread. In addition to the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease, the social and economic burdens on individuals and society are substantial. Often called the 'silent killer', Chagas disease is characterized by a long, asymptomatic phase in affected individuals. Approximately 30% then go on develop chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy and other serious cardiac complications such as stroke, rhythm disturbances and severe heart failure. Methods In a collaboration of the World Hearth Federation (WHF) and the Inter-American Society of Cardiology (IASC) a writing group consisting of 20 diverse experts on Chagas disease (CD) was convened. The group provided up to date expert knowledge based on their area of expertise. An extensive review of the literature describing obstacles to diagnosis and treatment of CD along with proposed solutions was conducted. A survey was sent to all WHF Members and, using snowball sampling to widen the consultation, to a variety of health care professionals working in the CD global health community. The results were analyzed, open comments were reviewed and consolidated, and the findings were incorporated into this document, thus ensuring a consensus representation. Results The WHF IASC Roadmap on Chagas Disease offers a comprehensive summary of current knowledge on prevention, diagnosis and management of the disease. In providing an analysis of 'roadblocks' in access to comprehensive care for Chagas disease patients, the document serves as a framework from which strategies for implementation such as national plans can be formulated. Several dimensions are considered in the analysis: healthcare system capabilities, governance, financing, community awareness and advocacy. Conclusion The WHF IASC Roadmap proposes strategies and evidence-based solutions for healthcare professionals, health authorities and governments to help overcome the barriers to comprehensive care for Chagas disease patients. This roadmap describes an ideal patient care pathway, and explores the roadblocks along the way, offering potential solutions based on available research and examples in practice. It represents a call to action to decision-makers and health care professionals to step up efforts to eradicate Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel Marcus
- LASOCHA, Washington DC, US
- Medstar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD, US
| | - Gabriel Novick
- Swiss Medical Group, Buenos Aires, AR
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, US
| | - Sergio Sosa-Estani
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative-Latin America, Rio de Janeiro, BR
| | | | - Ezequiel Jose Zaidel
- Sanatorio Güemes, Buenos Aires, AR
- Pharmacology Department, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, AR
| | - Colin Forsyth
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative-Latin America, Rio de Janeiro, BR
| | - Antonio Luiz P. RIbeiro
- Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, BR
- Hospital das Clínicas, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, BR
| | | | - Mariano Luis Falconi
- Cardiology Division, Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, AR
- University Institute of the Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, AR
| | - Jorge Mitelman
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, AR
- School of Medicine, Barcélo University, Buenos Aires, AR
| | - Carlos A. Morillo
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine Division of Cardiology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, CA
- Southeastern Alberta Region, Alberta Health Services, Foothills Medical Centre, CA
| | | | | | | | - Felipe Martinez
- National University of Cordoba, Cordoba, AR
- DAMIC Institute/Rusculleda Foundation, Cordoba, AR
| | - Pablo Perel
- World Heart Federation, Geneva, CH
- Centre for Global Chronic Conditions, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, GB
| | - Álvaro Sosa Liprandi
- Sanatorio Güemes, Buenos Aires, AR
- Medical School of Cardiology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, AR
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21
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Ribeiro G, Dos Santos CGS, Lanza F, Reis J, Vaccarezza F, Diniz C, Miranda DLP, de Araújo RF, Cunha GM, de Carvalho CMM, Fonseca EOL, Dos Santos RF, de Sousa OMF, Reis RB, de Araújo WN, Gurgel-Gonçalves R, Dos Reis MG. Wide distribution of Trypanosoma cruzi-infected triatomines in the State of Bahia, Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:604. [PMID: 31878960 PMCID: PMC6933904 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3849-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The identification of Trypanosoma cruzi and blood-meal sources in synanthropic triatomines is important to assess the potential risk of Chagas disease transmission. We identified T. cruzi infection and blood-meal sources of triatomines caught in and around houses in the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil, and mapped the occurrence of infected triatomines that fed on humans and domestic animals. Methods Triatominae bugs were manually captured by trained agents from the Epidemiologic Surveillance team of Bahia State Health Service between 2013 and 2014. We applied conventional PCR to detect T. cruzi and blood-meal sources (dog, cat, human and bird) in a randomized sample of triatomines. We mapped triatomine distribution and analyzed vector hotspots with kernel density spatial analysis. Results In total, 5906 triatomines comprising 15 species were collected from 127 out of 417 municipalities in Bahia. The molecular analyses of 695 triatomines revealed a ~10% T. cruzi infection rate, which was highest in the T. brasiliensis species complex. Most bugs were found to have fed on birds (74.2%), and other blood-meal sources included dogs (6%), cats (0.6%) and humans (1%). Trypanosoma cruzi-infected triatomines that fed on humans were detected inside houses. Spatial analysis showed a wide distribution of T. cruzi-infected triatomines throughout Bahia; triatomines that fed on dogs, humans, and cats were observed mainly in the northeast region. Conclusions Synanthropic triatomines have a wide distribution and maintain the potential risk of T. cruzi transmission to humans and domestic animals in Bahia. Ten species were recorded inside houses, mainly Triatoma sordida, T. pseudomaculata, and the T. brasiliensis species complex. Molecular and spatial analysis are useful to reveal T. cruzi infection and blood-meal sources in synanthropic triatomines, identifying areas with ongoing threat for parasite transmission and improving entomological surveillance strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilmar Ribeiro
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fiocruz-BA, Laboratório de Patologia e Biologia Molecular, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal-Salvador, BA, CEP: 40296-710, Brazil.,Faculdades Ruy Barbosa-Wyden, Rua Theodomiro Baptista, 422 - Rio Vermelho, Salvador, BA, 41940-320, Brazil
| | - Carlos G S Dos Santos
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fiocruz-BA, Laboratório de Patologia e Biologia Molecular, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal-Salvador, BA, CEP: 40296-710, Brazil.,SESAB/Diretoria de Vigilância Epidemiológica (DIVEP), Centro de Atenção à Saúde José Maria de Magalhães Netto., Av. Antônio Carlos Magalhães, s/nº, Parque Bela Vista, Salvador, BA, CEP 41.820-000, Brazil.,SESAB/Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Prof, Gonçalo Moniz LACEN, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 12, Candeal, Salvador, BA, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Lanza
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fiocruz-BA, Laboratório de Patologia e Biologia Molecular, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal-Salvador, BA, CEP: 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Jamylle Reis
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fiocruz-BA, Laboratório de Patologia e Biologia Molecular, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal-Salvador, BA, CEP: 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Vaccarezza
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fiocruz-BA, Laboratório de Patologia e Biologia Molecular, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal-Salvador, BA, CEP: 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Camila Diniz
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fiocruz-BA, Laboratório de Patologia e Biologia Molecular, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal-Salvador, BA, CEP: 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Diego Lopes Paim Miranda
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fiocruz-BA, Laboratório de Patologia e Biologia Molecular, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal-Salvador, BA, CEP: 40296-710, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina-UFBA, Rua Reitor Miguel Calmon, s/n Vale do Canela, Salvador, BA, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Renato Freitas de Araújo
- SESAB/Diretoria de Vigilância Epidemiológica (DIVEP), Centro de Atenção à Saúde José Maria de Magalhães Netto., Av. Antônio Carlos Magalhães, s/nº, Parque Bela Vista, Salvador, BA, CEP 41.820-000, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Muricy Cunha
- SESAB/Diretoria de Vigilância Epidemiológica (DIVEP), Centro de Atenção à Saúde José Maria de Magalhães Netto., Av. Antônio Carlos Magalhães, s/nº, Parque Bela Vista, Salvador, BA, CEP 41.820-000, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Medeiros Moraes de Carvalho
- SESAB/Diretoria de Vigilância Epidemiológica (DIVEP), Centro de Atenção à Saúde José Maria de Magalhães Netto., Av. Antônio Carlos Magalhães, s/nº, Parque Bela Vista, Salvador, BA, CEP 41.820-000, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Oyama Lins Fonseca
- Instituto de Tecnologias da Saúde (CIMATEC ITS), Av. Orlando Gomes, 1845 Piatã, Salvador, BA, 41650-010, Brazil
| | - Roberto Fonseca Dos Santos
- SESAB/Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Prof, Gonçalo Moniz LACEN, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 12, Candeal, Salvador, BA, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Orlando Marcos Farias de Sousa
- Coordenação-Geral de Vigilância de Zoonoses e Doenças de Transmissão Vetorial, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, SRTV 702, Via W 5 Norte, Brasília, DF, 70723-040, Brazil
| | | | - Wildo Navegantes de Araújo
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, s/n, Asa Norte, Brasília, Distrito Federa, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Gurgel-Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Campus, Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília, Distrito Federal, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Mitermayer G Dos Reis
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fiocruz-BA, Laboratório de Patologia e Biologia Molecular, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal-Salvador, BA, CEP: 40296-710, Brazil. .,Faculdade de Medicina-UFBA, Rua Reitor Miguel Calmon, s/n Vale do Canela, Salvador, BA, 40110-100, Brazil. .,Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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22
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Insights from quantitative and mathematical modelling on the proposed WHO 2030 goals for Chagas disease. Gates Open Res 2019; 3:1539. [PMID: 31781687 PMCID: PMC6856696 DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.13069.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) persists as one of the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) with a particularly large impact in the Americas. The World Health Organization (WHO) recently proposed goals for CD elimination as a public health problem to be reached by 2030 by means of achieving intradomiciliary transmission interruption (IDTI), blood transfusion and transplant transmission interruption, diagnostic and treatment scaling-up and prevention and control of congenital transmission. The NTD Modelling Consortium has developed mathematical models to study
Trypanosoma cruzi transmission dynamics and the potential impact of control measures. Modelling insights have shown that IDTI is feasible in areas with sustained vector control programmes and no presence of native triatomine vector populations. However, IDTI in areas with native vectors it is not feasible in a sustainable manner. Combining vector control with trypanocidal treatment can reduce the timeframes necessary to reach operational thresholds for IDTI (<2% seroprevalence in children aged <5 years), but the most informative age groups for serological monitoring are yet to be identified. Measuring progress towards the 2030 goals will require availability of vector surveillance and seroprevalence data at a fine scale, and a more active surveillance system, as well as a better understanding of the risks of vector re-colonization and disease resurgence after vector control cessation. Also, achieving scaling-up in terms of access to treatment to the expected levels (75%) will require a substantial increase in screening asymptomatic populations, which is anticipated to become very costly as CD prevalence decreases. Further modelling work includes refining and extending mathematical models (including transmission dynamics and statistical frameworks) to predict transmission at a sub-national scale, and developing quantitative tools to inform IDTI certification, post-certification and re-certification protocols. Potential perverse incentives associated with operational thresholds are discussed. These modelling insights aim to inform discussions on the goals and treatment guidelines for CD.
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23
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Barbosa-Silva AN, Souza RDCMD, Diotaiuti L, Aguiar LMA, Câmara ACJD, Galvão LMDC, Chiari E. Synanthropic triatomines (Hemiptera: Reduviidae): infestation, colonization, and natural infection by trypanosomatids in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2019; 52:e20190061. [PMID: 31340365 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0061-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The ecoepidemiological situation in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil is characterized by frequent invasion and colonization of domiciliary units (DUs) by several triatomine species, with high rates of natural infection by Trypanosoma cruzi. METHODS: We evaluated the possibility of vector transmission of T. cruzi based on records of the occurrence of domiciled triatomines collected by the Secretariat of State for Public Health from 2005 to 2015. During this period, 67.7% (113/167) of municipalities conducted at least one active search and 110 recorded the presence of insects in DUs. These activities were more frequent in municipalities considered to have a high and medium-level risk of T. cruzi transmission. RESULTS Of 51,569 captured triatomines, the most common species were Triatoma brasiliensis (47.2%) and T. pseudomaculata (40.2%). Colonies of T. brasiliensis, T. pseudomaculata, T. petrocchiae, Panstrongylus lutzi, and Rhodnius nasutus were also recorded in the intradomicile and peridomicile. Natural infection by trypanosomatids was detected in 1,153 specimens; the highest rate was found in R. nasutus (3.5%), followed by T. brasiliensis (2.5%) and T. pseudomaculata (2.4%). There have been high levels of colonization over the years; however, not all infested DUs have been sprayed. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of intradomicile and peridomicile colonization by P. lutzi. These results demonstrate the risk of new cases of infection by T. cruzi and reinforce the need for continuous entomological surveillance in the State of Rio Grande do Norte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Noronha Barbosa-Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Parasitologia, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brasil
| | | | - Liléia Diotaiuti
- Instituto René Rachou-FIOCRUZ Minas, Triatomine Research Group, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | | | - Antonia Cláudia Jácome da Câmara
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brasil
| | - Lúcia Maria da Cunha Galvão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Parasitologia, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brasil
| | - Egler Chiari
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Parasitologia, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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Carvalho TB, Padovani CR, de Oliveira Júnior LR, Latini ACP, Kurokawa CS, Pereira PCM, Dos Santos RM. ACAT-1 gene rs1044925 SNP and its relation with different clinical forms of chronic Chagas disease. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:2343-2351. [PMID: 31236660 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06377-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), although discovered more than a century ago, is still a not very well-elucidated aspect. Individuals in the chronic phase of the disease may present asymptomatic clinical form or symptomatologies related to the cardiac, digestive systems, or both (mixed clinical form). SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) have been identified as important markers because they constitute about 90% of the variation in the human genome. One of them is localized to the ACAT-1 gene (cholesterol acyltransferase 1) (rs1044925) and has been linked to lipid disorders. Some studies have suggested the interaction between T. cruzi and the lipid metabolism of the host. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the association between the ACAT-1 gene rs1044925 SNP in relation to clinical manifestations in patients with chronic Chagas disease. A total of 135 individuals with chronic Chagas disease, 86 (63.7%) asymptomatic individuals and 49 (36.3%) symptomatic patients (22 with cardiac clinical form, 18 with digestive form and 9 with mixed form) participated in the study. To evaluate the polymorphism, the PCR-RFLP technique were used. There was a significant difference and a higher frequency of AA and AC genotypes (p = 0.047 and p = 0.016, respectively) of the ACAT-1 gene in asymptomatic chagasic individuals. The result suggests a protective character of the AA and AC genotypes of the rs1044925 SNP in relation to the presence of symptomatic clinical manifestations of the disease in chronic chagasic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaysa Buss Carvalho
- Department of Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista), Laboratório de Moléstias Infecciosas - UNIPEX - FMB UNESP, Rua Dr. Walter Mauricio Correa s/n, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Roberto Padovani
- Departament of Bioestatistics, Botucatu Biosciences Institute São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Roberto de Oliveira Júnior
- Department of Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista), Laboratório de Moléstias Infecciosas - UNIPEX - FMB UNESP, Rua Dr. Walter Mauricio Correa s/n, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carla Pereira Latini
- Department of Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista), Laboratório de Moléstias Infecciosas - UNIPEX - FMB UNESP, Rua Dr. Walter Mauricio Correa s/n, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departament of Molecular Biology, Lauro de Souza Lima Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cilmery Suemi Kurokawa
- Department of Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista), Laboratório de Moléstias Infecciosas - UNIPEX - FMB UNESP, Rua Dr. Walter Mauricio Correa s/n, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departament of Pediatrics, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Câmara Marques Pereira
- Department of Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista), Laboratório de Moléstias Infecciosas - UNIPEX - FMB UNESP, Rua Dr. Walter Mauricio Correa s/n, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Mattos Dos Santos
- Department of Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista), Laboratório de Moléstias Infecciosas - UNIPEX - FMB UNESP, Rua Dr. Walter Mauricio Correa s/n, São Paulo, Brazil
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25
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Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas disease, a vector-borne disease. The parasite molecules involved in vector interaction have been little investigated. Metallopeptidases and gp63 molecules have been implicated in parasite adhesion of several trypanosomatids to the insect midgut. Although gp63 homologues are highly expanded in the T. cruzi genome, and are implicated in parasite–mammalian host interaction, its role in the insect vector has never been explored. Here, we showed that divalent metal chelators or anti-Tcgp63-I antibodies impaired T. cruzi adhesion to Rhodnius prolixus midgut. Parasites isolated after insect colonization presented a drastic enhancement in the expression of Tcgp63-I. These data highlight, for the first time, that Tcgp63-I and Zn-dependent enzymes contribute to the interaction of T. cruzi with the insect vector.
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26
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Peterson JK, Yoshioka K, Hashimoto K, Caranci A, Gottdenker N, Monroy C, Saldaña A, Rodriguez S, Dorn P, Zúniga C. Chagas Disease Epidemiology in Central America: an Update. CURRENT TROPICAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40475-019-00176-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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27
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Chagas Disease in Central America: Recent Findings and Current Challenges in Vector Ecology and Control. CURRENT TROPICAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40475-019-00175-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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28
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Bezerra CM, Barbosa SE, Souza RDCMD, Barezani CP, Gürtler RE, Ramos AN, Diotaiuti L. Triatoma brasiliensis Neiva, 1911: food sources and diversity of Trypanosoma cruzi in wild and artificial environments of the semiarid region of Ceará, northeastern Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:642. [PMID: 30558643 PMCID: PMC6296072 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Knowledge of triatomine food sources in different ecotopes enables the estimation of T. cruzi transmission risk in diverse environments, as well as its dynamics of dispersion and ecological niche. For Triatoma brasiliensis in the Caatinga, in the northeast of Brazil, seasonal differences influence feeding eclecticism and rates of T. cruzi infection. The objective of the present study was to monitor food sources and to characterize the populations of T. cruzi associated with T. brasiliensis in wild and domestic environments in the Caatinga of northeast Brazil. Methods A cross-sectional study based on a search for triatomines in wild and domestic environments, was undertaken at five different time periods from 2009 to 2015. Insects from 2015 were used for identification of food sources. Two universal primers, based on the conserved regions of the 12S rRNA locus, were used to amplify fragments of 215 bp. The content of the intestinal tract of triatomines was identified by a comparison between the sequences obtained and those deposited in the GenBank database, using BLAST. In triatomines with parasitological diagnosis of infection by trypanosomatids, xenoculture was performed for the isolation and characterization of strains, using cox2, the amplification of the SL-IL mini-exon intergenic spacer and the polymorphism of the D7 divergent domain of the gene 24αrDNA-LSU. Results Food sources were identified in 76.3% (213/279) T. brasiliensis specimens sampled in 2015. The most frequent sources in a total of 20 vertebrate species were: rodents (58%, 123/213), ruminants (30%, 64/213) and cats (6%, 12/213). A total of 49% (44/89) of the samples of T. cruzi isolated in the period from 2009 to 2015 were characterized: TcII (43%, 19/44), TcI (41%, 18/44) and TcIII (16%, 7/44). Conclusions The feeding eclecticism of T. brasiliensis shows its importance in maintaining the transmission dynamics of T. cruzi, with evidence of intense circulation between anthropic and wild environments. Attention should be placed on the association among T. brasiliensis, rodents and ruminants, in addition to the presence of TcIII in the study region. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3235-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Mendonça Bezerra
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Saúde Comunitária, Faculdade de Medicina, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil. .,Secretaria da Saúde do Estado do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.
| | - Silvia Ermelinda Barbosa
- Grupo Triatomíneos, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | | | - Carla Patrícia Barezani
- Grupo Triatomíneos, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Esteban Gürtler
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alberto Novaes Ramos
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Saúde Comunitária, Faculdade de Medicina, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Liléia Diotaiuti
- Grupo Triatomíneos, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
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29
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Minuzzi-Souza TTC, Silva LR, Hagström L, Hecht M, Nitz N, Gurgel-Gonçalves R. Molecular bloodmeal analyses reveal that Trypanosoma cruzi-infected, native triatomine bugs often feed on humans in houses in central Brazil. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 32:504-508. [PMID: 30003568 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The identification of bloodmeal sources in triatomine bugs (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) is important in understanding vector-host associations and in measuring the risk for Chagas' disease transmission. The bloodmeal sources of triatomines infected with Trypanosoma cruzi (Trypanosomatida: Trypanosomatidae) caught in houses in central Brazil (Goiás State and the Federal District) were investigated during 2012-2014. Mitochondrial cytochrome b amplicons were used to identify bloodmeals through high-resolution melting and DNA sequencing. Most bugs were found to have fed on either humans (45.7%) or chickens (43.1%). Human blood was detected in Triatoma sordida (n = 22/50 bugs), Triatoma pseudomaculata (n = 7/11 bugs), Panstrongylus megistus (n = 10/24 bugs), Panstrongylus geniculatus (n = 1/3 bugs) and Rhodnius neglectus (n = 18/28 bugs) (all: Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Sequencing identified Necromys (Rodentia: Cricetidae) mouse blood in P. geniculatus and Tropidurus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) lizard blood in T. pseudomaculata and T. sordida. These findings reveal new vector-host associations. The present results suggest frequent contact between humans and T. cruzi-infected triatomines in central Brazil and indicate that Chagas' disease transmission by native vectors is an ongoing threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T C Minuzzi-Souza
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - L R Silva
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - L Hagström
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Biociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - M Hecht
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Biociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - N Nitz
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Biociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - R Gurgel-Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
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30
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Gaspe MS, Provecho YM, Fernández MP, Vassena CV, Santo Orihuela PL, Gürtler RE. Beating the odds: Sustained Chagas disease vector control in remote indigenous communities of the Argentine Chaco over a seven-year period. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006804. [PMID: 30278044 PMCID: PMC6168123 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid reinfestation of insecticide-treated dwellings hamper the sustained elimination of Triatoma infestans, the main vector of Chagas disease in the Gran Chaco region. We conducted a seven-year longitudinal study including community-wide spraying with pyrethroid insecticides combined with periodic vector surveillance to investigate the house reinfestation process in connection with baseline pyrethroid resistance, housing quality and household mobility in a rural section of Pampa del Indio mainly inhabited by deprived indigenous people (Qom). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Despite evidence of moderate pyrethroid resistance in local T. infestans populations, house infestation dropped from 31.9% at baseline to 0.7% at 10 months post-spraying (MPS), with no triatomine found at 59 and 78 MPS. Household-based surveillance corroborated the rare occurrence of T. infestans and the house invasion of other four triatomine species. The annual rates of loss of initially occupied houses and of household mobility were high (4.6-8.0%). Housing improvements did not translate into a significant reduction of mud-walled houses and refuges for triatomines because most households kept the former dwelling or built new ones with mud walls. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our results refute the assumption that vector control actions performed in marginalized communities of the Gran Chaco are doomed to fail. The larger-than-expected impacts of the intervention program were likely associated with the combined effects of high-coverage, professional insecticide spraying followed by systematic vector surveillance-and-response, broad geographic coverage creating a buffer zone, frequent housing replacement and residential mobility. The dynamical interactions among housing quality, mobility and insecticide-based control largely affect the chances of vector elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Sol Gaspe
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yael M. Provecho
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Coordinación de Vectores, Dirección Nacional de Epidemiología y Análisis de la Situación de Salud, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María P. Fernández
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Earth Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Claudia V. Vassena
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (UNIDEF, CITEDEF, CONICET, CIPEIN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Cátedra de Química Analítica Instrumental, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo L. Santo Orihuela
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (UNIDEF, CITEDEF, CONICET, CIPEIN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental (3iA), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo E. Gürtler
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Ferro e Silva AM, Sobral-Souza T, Vancine MH, Muylaert RL, de Abreu AP, Pelloso SM, de Barros Carvalho MD, de Andrade L, Ribeiro MC, Toledo MJDO. Spatial prediction of risk areas for vector transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in the State of Paraná, southern Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006907. [PMID: 30365486 PMCID: PMC6221357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
After obtaining certification of the absence of transmission of the Trypanosoma cruzi by Triatoma infestans in 2006, other native species of protozoan vectors have been found in human dwellings within municipalities of the State of Paraná, Southern Brazil. However, the spatial distribution of T. cruzi vectors and how climatic and landscape combined variables explain the distribution are still poorly understood. The goal of this study was to predict the potential distribution of T. cruzi vectors as a proxy for Chagas disease transmission risk using Ecological Niche Models (ENMs) based on climatic and landscape variables. We hypothesize that ENM based on both climate and landscape variables are more powerful than climate-only or landscape-only models, and that this will be true independent of vector species. A total of 2,662 records of triatomines of five species were obtained by community-based entomological surveillance from 2007 to 2013. The species with the highest number of specimens was Panstrongylus megistus (73%; n = 1,943), followed by Panstrongylus geniculatus (15.4%; 411), Rhodnius neglectus (6.0%; 159), Triatoma sordida (4.5%; 119) and Rhodnius prolixus (1.1%; 30). Of the total, 71.9% were captured at the intradomicile. T. cruzi infection was observed in 19.7% of the 2,472 examined insects. ENMs were generated based on selected climate and landscape variables with 1 km2 spatial resolution. Zonal statistics were used for classifying the municipalities as to the risk of occurrence of synanthropic triatomines. The integrated analysis of the climate and landscape suitability on triatomines geographical distribution was powerful on generating good predictive models. Moreover, this showed that some municipalities in the northwest, north and northeast of the Paraná state have a higher risk of T. cruzi vector transmission. This occurs because those regions present high climatic and landscape suitability values for occurrence of their vectors. The frequent invasion of houses by infected triatomines clearly indicates a greater risk of transmission of T. cruzi to the inhabitants. More public health attention should be given in the northern areas of the State of Paraná, which presents high climate and landscape suitabilities for the disease vectors. In conclusion, our results-through spatial analysis and predictive maps-showed to be effective in identifying areas of potential distribution and, consequently, in the definition of strategic areas and actions to prevent new cases of Chagas' disease, reinforcing the need for continuous and robust surveillance in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thadeu Sobral-Souza
- Spatial Ecology and Conservation lab (LEEC), Department of Ecology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurício Humberto Vancine
- Spatial Ecology and Conservation lab (LEEC), Department of Ecology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Lara Muylaert
- Spatial Ecology and Conservation lab (LEEC), Department of Ecology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de Abreu
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sandra Marisa Pelloso
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
- Department of Nursing, Health Sciences Center, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maria Dalva de Barros Carvalho
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luciano de Andrade
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Milton Cezar Ribeiro
- Spatial Ecology and Conservation lab (LEEC), Department of Ecology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Max Jean de Ornelas Toledo
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Melo CM, Cruz ACFG, Lima AFVA, Silva LR, Madi RR, Jeraldo VDLS, Mercado R. Triatomine Fauna and Recent Epidemiological Dynamics of Chagas Disease in an Endemic Area of Northeast Brazil. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2018; 2018:7020541. [PMID: 30364104 PMCID: PMC6188735 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7020541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Updated information of the dispersion dynamics of Chagas disease (CD) and a systemic analysis of these data will aid the early identification of areas that are vulnerable to transmission and enable efficient intervention. This work synthesized spatiotemporal information regarding triatomine fauna and analyzed this information in combination with the results from serological tests to elucidate the epidemiological panorama of CD in the state of Sergipe, Brazil. This is a retrospective analytical study that utilized information from the database of the National Chagas Disease Control Program. Between 2010 and 2016, 838 triatomines of eight species, namely, Panstrongylus geniculatus, which was first recorded in the state of Sergipe, Panstrongylus lutzi, P. megistus, Triatoma brasiliensis, T. pseudomaculata, T. tibiamaculata, T. melanocephala, and Rhodnius neglectus, were collected. Optical microscopy revealed that 13.2% of triatomines examined were infected by Trypanosoma cruzi-like flagellates. The distribution of triatomines exhibits an expanding south-central to northern dispersion, with a preference for semiarid and agreste areas and occasional observations in humid coastal areas due to anthropogenic actions reflected in the environment. Of the human cases analyzed from 2012 to 2016, 8.3% (191/2316) presented positive serology for Trypanosoma cruzi, and this proportion showed a gradual increase in the southern center of the state and new notifications in coastal regions. There is a need for intensification and continuity of the measures adopted by the Chagas Disease Control Program in Sergipe, identifying new priority areas for intervention and preferential ecotopes of the vectors, considering the occurrence of positive triatomines intradomicilliary and a source of new triatomines in the peridomiciles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia M. Melo
- Universidade Tiradentes, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Ambiente, Laboratório de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias (LDIP/ITP), Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Ana Carla F. G. Cruz
- Universidade Tiradentes, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Ambiente, Laboratório de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias (LDIP/ITP), Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Antônio Fernando V. A. Lima
- Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de Sergipe, Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública de Sergipe (Lacen-SE), Laboratório de Entomologia, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Luan R. Silva
- Universidade Tiradentes, Laboratório de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias (LDIP/ITP), Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Rubens R. Madi
- Universidade Tiradentes, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Ambiente, Laboratório de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias (LDIP/ITP), Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Veronica de Lourdes S. Jeraldo
- Universidade Tiradentes, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Ambiente, Laboratório de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias (LDIP/ITP), Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Ruben Mercado
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Medicina, Santiago, Chile
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Peretolchina T, Pavan MG, Corrêa-Antônio J, Gurgel-Gonçalves R, Lima MM, Monteiro FA. Phylogeography and demographic history of the Chagas disease vector Rhodnius nasutus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in the Brazilian Caatinga biome. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006731. [PMID: 30248092 PMCID: PMC6195287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhodnius nasutus, a vector of the etiological agent Trypanosoma cruzi, is one of the epidemiologically most relevant triatomine species of the Brazilian Caatinga, where it often colonizes rural peridomestic structures such as chicken coops and occasionally invades houses. Historical colonization and determination of its genetic diversity and population structure may provide new information towards the improvement of vector control in the region. In this paper we present thoughtful analyses considering the phylogeography and demographic history of R. nasutus in the Caatinga. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A total of 157 R. nasutus specimens were collected from Copernicia prunifera palm trees in eight geographic localities within the Brazilian Caatinga biome, sequenced for 595-bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (cyt b) and genotyped for eight microsatellite loci. Sixteen haplotypes were detected in the cyt b sequences, two of which were shared among different localities. Molecular diversity indices exhibited low diversity levels and a haplotype network revealed low divergence among R. nasutus sequences, with two central haplotypes shared by five of the eight populations analyzed. The demographic model that better represented R. nasutus population dynamics was the exponential growth model. Results of the microsatellite data analyses indicated that the entire population is comprised of four highly differentiated groups, with no obvious contemporary geographic barriers that could explain the population substructure detected. A complex pattern of migration was observed, in which a western Caatinga population seems to be the source of emigrants to the eastern populations. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE R. nasutus that inhabit C. prunifera palms do not comprise a species complex. The species went through a population expansion at 12-10 ka, during the Holocene, which coincides with end of the largest dry season in South America. It colonized the Caatinga in a process that occurred from west to east in the region. R. nasutus is presently facing an important ecological impact caused by the continuous deforestation of C. prunifera palms in northeast Brazil. We hypothesize that this ecological disturbance might contribute to an increase in the events of invasion and colonization of human habitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Peretolchina
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Systematics, Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Márcio G. Pavan
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jessica Corrêa-Antônio
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Gurgel-Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Marli M. Lima
- Laboratório de Ecoepidemiologia da doença de Chagas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernando A. Monteiro
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Oliveira JL, Cury JC, Gurgel-Gonçalves R, Bahia AC, Monteiro FA. Field-collected Triatoma sordida from central Brazil display high microbiota diversity that varies with regard to developmental stage and intestinal segmentation. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006709. [PMID: 30138419 PMCID: PMC6138416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/METHODOLOGY Triatomine bugs are the vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas disease. Vector control has for decades relied upon insecticide spraying, but insecticide resistance has recently emerged in several triatomine populations. One alternative strategy to reduce T. cruzi transmission is paratransgenesis, whereby symbiotic bacteria are genetically engineered to produce T. cruzi-killing proteins in the vector's gut. This approach requires in-depth knowledge of the vectors' natural gut microbiota. Here, we use metagenomics (16S rRNA 454 pyrosequencing) to describe the gut microbiota of field-caught Triatoma sordida-likely the most common peridomestic triatomine in Brazil. For large nymphs (4th and 5th stage) and adults, we also studied separately the three main digestive-tract segments-anterior midgut, posterior midgut, and hindgut. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Bacteria of four phyla (12 genera) were present in both nymphs (all five stages) and adults, thus defining T. sordida's 'bacterial core': Actinobacteria (Brevibacterium, Corynebacterium, Dietzia, Gordonia, Nitriliruptor, Nocardia, Nocardiopsis, Rhodococcus, and Williamsia), Proteobacteria (Pseudomonas and Sphingobium), and Firmicutes (Staphylococcus). We found some clear differences in bacterial composition and relative abundance among development stages; overall, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria increased, but Actinobacteria decreased, through development. Finally, the bacterial microbiotas of the bugs' anterior midgut, posterior midgut, and hindgut were sharply distinct. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our results identify the 'bacterial core set' of T. sordida and reveal important gut microbiota differences among development stages-particularly between 1st-3rd stage nymphs and adults. Further, we show that, within any given development stage, the vectors' gut cannot be regarded as a single homogeneous environment. Cultivable, non-pathogenic 'core' bacterial species may now be tested as candidates for paratransgenic control of T. cruzi transmission by T. sordida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana L. Oliveira
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Insetos e Parasitos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliano C. Cury
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus de Sete Lagoas, Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Gurgel-Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Ana C. Bahia
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Insetos e Parasitos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando A. Monteiro
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Zingales B. Trypanosoma cruzi genetic diversity: Something new for something known about Chagas disease manifestations, serodiagnosis and drug sensitivity. Acta Trop 2018; 184:38-52. [PMID: 28941731 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The genetic diversity of Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan agent of Chagas disease, is widely recognized. At present, T. cruzi is partitioned into seven discrete typing units (DTUs), TcI-TcVI and Tcbat. This article reviews the present knowledge on the parasite population structure, the evolutionary relationships among DTUs and their distinct, but not exclusive ecological and epidemiological associations. Different models for the origin of hybrid DTUs are examined, which agree that genetic exchange among T. cruzi populations is frequent and has contributed to the present parasite population structure. The geographic distribution of the prevalent DTUs in humans from the southern United States to Argentina is here presented and the circumstantial evidence of a possible association between T. cruzi genotype and Chagas disease manifestations is discussed. The available information suggests that parasite strains detected in patients, regardless of the clinical presentation, reflect the principal DTU circulating in the domestic transmission cycles of a particular region. In contrast, in several orally transmitted outbreaks, sylvatic strains are implicated. As a consequence of the genotypic and phenotypic differences of T. cruzi strains and the differential geographic distribution of DTUs in humans, regional variations in the sensitivity of the serological tests are verified. The natural resistance to benznidazole and nifurtimox, verified in vivo and in vitro for some parasite stocks, is not associated with any particular DTU, and does not explain the marked difference in the anti-parasitic efficacy of both drugs in the acute and chronic phases of Chagas disease. Throughout this review, it is emphasized that the interplay between parasite and host genetics should have an important role in the definition of Chagas disease pathogenesis, anti-T. cruzi immune response and chemotherapy outcome and should be considered in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Zingales
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Ceretti-Junior W, Vendrami DP, de Matos-Junior MO, Rimoldi-Ribeiro A, Alvarez JV, Marques S, Duarte AN, da Silva RA, da Rosa JA, Marrelli MT. Occurrences of triatomines (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) and first reports of Panstrongylus geniculatus in urban environments in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2018; 60:e33. [PMID: 30043937 PMCID: PMC6056888 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201860033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This note reports on occurrences of triatomine species in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil, registered between 1988 and 2017. Records of triatomines captured in Sao Paulo are based on specimens received spontaneously from Health Surveillance Centers, Health Centers and Zoonosis Control Centers in the city as well as from citizens. Species were identified morphologically at the Public Health Entomology Laboratory, Faculty of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, where the triatomines, which are vectors of Chagas disease, were tested for Trypanosoma cruzi infection. The first reported occurrence of triatomine bugs in urban Sao Paulo was in 1988. The specimen, which was captured in Jardim Sao Luiz district, was from the genus Panstrongylus and was registered as Panstrongylus sp. but was not sexed. Since this first recorded occurrence, the following species have been found in the city: Panstrongylus geniculatus (2 occurrences), P. megistus (15 occurrences), Triatoma infestans (1 occurrence) and T. sordida (3 occurrences). In this paper, the importance of reporting occurrences of triatomine bugs in the city of Sao Paulo, one of the largest metropolis in the world, is discussed with an emphasis on P. megistus. The occurrences discussed here indicate the importance of entomological surveillance for these vectors even in urban centers although the possibility of vector transmission of Chagas disease in these centers is very low.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Pagotto Vendrami
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco Otavio de Matos-Junior
- Divisão de Vigilância de Zoonoses, Laboratórios de Identificação e Pesquisa em Fauna Sinantrópica, São Paulo, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Aline Rimoldi-Ribeiro
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julia Vono Alvarez
- Divisão de Vigilância de Zoonoses, Laboratórios de Identificação e Pesquisa em Fauna Sinantrópica, São Paulo, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Sandro Marques
- Divisão de Vigilância de Zoonoses, Laboratórios de Identificação e Pesquisa em Fauna Sinantrópica, São Paulo, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Agnaldo Nepomuceno Duarte
- Secretaria de Estado da Saúde, Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, Divisão de Programas Especiais, São Paulo, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Rubens Antonio da Silva
- Secretaria de Estado da Saúde, Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, Departamento de Combate a Vetores, São Paulo, São Paulo Brazil
| | - João Aristeu da Rosa
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauro Toledo Marrelli
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Martins MFDS, Pereira MB, Ferreira JDJG, França ADO, Cominetti MC, Ferreira EDC, Dorval MEMC, Rossi CL, Mazon SDB, de Almeida EA, Costa SCB, Marcon GEB. Serological and molecular inquiry of Chagas disease in an Afro-descendant settlement in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0189448. [PMID: 29315305 PMCID: PMC5760030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Furnas do Dionísio is a Brazilian Afro-descendant settlement in the city of Jaraguari, 21.4 miles from Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Approximately 96 families live in this quilombola (Maroon) settlement, also known in Brazil as a remnant community of descendants of African slaves. Recent studies found 20% of households were infested by triatomines, 18% of insects captured in the community were infected by Trypanosoma cruzi, and 22.7% of dogs presented T. cruzi antibodies. The low prevalence of Chagas disease observed in humans in Mato Grosso do Sul State is attributed to its arrival via colonist migration and subsequent transplacental transmission. In order to gain a better understanding of the T. cruzi cycle in residents of the study community, serological and molecular tests were carried out to diagnose Chagas disease. In the present study, 175 residents between 2 and 80 years old were included. A total of 175 participants were interviewed and 170 provided blood samples, which were tested for T. cruzi antibodies with serological tests. Molecular diagnosis was performed in 167 participants by PCR (KDNA) and NPCR (satellite DNA) tests. One of the 170 samples tested positive for all serological tests performed. The overall frequency of Chagas disease in the community was low (0.6%). Interview responses revealed that 66.3% knew of triatomine insects and 65.7% reported having had no contact with them. Physical improvements to residences, together with vector surveillance and control by the State and municipal governments and local ecological conservation contribute to the low frequency of the Chagas disease in this quilombola community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Furquim da Silva Martins
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariane Barroso Pereira
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana de Oliveira França
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marlon Cézar Cominetti
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eduardo de Castro Ferreira
- Universidade Anhanguera UNIDERP, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- FIOCRUZ Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Cláudio Lúcio Rossi
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sílvia de Barros Mazon
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eros Antonio de Almeida
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Cecília Botelho Costa
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Brito RN, Gorla DE, Diotaiuti L, Gomes ACF, Souza RCM, Abad-Franch F. Drivers of house invasion by sylvatic Chagas disease vectors in the Amazon-Cerrado transition: A multi-year, state-wide assessment of municipality-aggregated surveillance data. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0006035. [PMID: 29145405 PMCID: PMC5689836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insecticide spraying efficiently controls house infestation by triatomine bugs, the vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi. The strategy, however, is ineffective against sylvatic triatomines, which can transmit Chagas disease by invading (without colonizing) man-made structures. Despite growing awareness of the relevance of these transmission dynamics, the drivers of house invasion by sylvatic triatomines remain poorly understood. Methods/Findings About 12,000 sylvatic triatomines were caught during routine surveillance in houses of Tocantins state, Brazil, in 2005–2013. Using negative binomial regression, information-theoretic model evaluation/averaging, and external model validation, we investigated the effects of regional (Amazon/Cerrado), landscape (preservation/disturbance), and climate covariates (temperature, rainfall) on the municipality-aggregated numbers of house-invading Rhodnius pictipes, R. robustus, R. neglectus, and Panstrongylus geniculatus. House invasion by R. pictipes and R. robustus was overall more frequent in the Amazon biome, tended to increase in municipalities with more well-preserved land, and decreased in rainier municipalities. Across species, invasion decreased with higher landscape-disturbance levels and in hotter-day municipalities. Invasion by R. neglectus and P. geniculatus increased somewhat with more land at intermediate disturbance and peaked in average-rainfall municipalities. Temperature effects were more pronounced on P. geniculatus than on Rhodnius spp. Conclusions We report widespread, frequent house invasion by sylvatic triatomines in the Amazon–Cerrado transition. Our analyses indicate that readily available environmental metrics may help predict the risk of contact between sylvatic triatomines and humans at coarse geographic scales, and hint at specific hypotheses about climate and deforestation effects on those vectors–with some taxon-specific responses and some seemingly general trends. Thus, our focal species appear to be quite sensitive to higher temperatures, and might be less common in more heavily-disturbed than in better-preserved environments. This study illustrates, in sum, how entomological routine-surveillance data can be efficiently used for Chagas disease risk prediction and stratification when house-colonizing vectors are absent. Triatomine bugs are the vectors of Chagas disease, still a key public health concern in the Americas. Insecticide spraying efficiently controls house infestation by triatomines, but is useless against sylvatic bugs–which can transmit the disease by simply invading human residences. Although this behavior is common, the drivers of house invasion by wild triatomines remain poorly understood. Using municipality-aggregated data from routine surveillance, we investigated whether and how some major environmental factors affect house invasion by four triatomine species across the transition between Amazon rainforests and Cerrado savannahs in Brazil. We found that house invasion (i) is widespread, (ii) varies by region for some species, (iii) is overall less frequent in areas with higher levels of landscape disturbance, and (iv) is less common in hotter and in rainier sites. Although the effects of landscape disturbance and climate differed somewhat among bug species, the general approach we describe here may help advance Chagas disease risk assessment when house-colonizing vectors are absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raíssa N. Brito
- Grupo Triatomíneos, Instituto René Rachou–Fiocruz Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - David E. Gorla
- Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología Espacial de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vectores, Instituto de Altos Estudios Espaciales Mario Gulich–CONAE / Universidad Nacional de Córdoba–CONICET, Falda del Cañete, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Liléia Diotaiuti
- Grupo Triatomíneos, Instituto René Rachou–Fiocruz Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Anália C. F. Gomes
- Coordenação de Vigilância de Doenças Vetoriais e Zoonoses, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Tocantins, Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Rita C. M. Souza
- Grupo Triatomíneos, Instituto René Rachou–Fiocruz Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernando Abad-Franch
- Grupo Triatomíneos, Instituto René Rachou–Fiocruz Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail: ,
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Tahir D, Davoust B, Varloud M, Berenger JM, Raoult D, Almeras L, Parola P. Assessment of the anti-feeding and insecticidal effects of the combination of dinotefuran, permethrin and pyriproxyfen (Vectra ® 3D) against Triatoma infestans on rats. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 31:132-139. [PMID: 27862092 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study, based on the rat model, was designed to explore the anti-feeding and insecticidal efficacy of a topical ectoparasiticide, dinotefuran-permethrin-pyriproxyfen (DPP), against Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), a vector of Trypanosoma cruzi (Trypanosomatida: Trypanosomatidae), for which dogs are domestic reservoir hosts. Twenty rats were divided into two equal groups: untreated and treated. Each rat was exposed under sedation to 16 T. infestans of mixed life stages for 1 h on days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 post-treatment. The anti-feeding and insecticidal effects of DPP were estimated after 1 h of exposure. Insecticidal efficacy was also assessed after incubation of the insects for 24 h post-exposure. Anti-feeding efficacy was 96.7, 84.7, 80.5, 81.5 and 42.6% on days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28, respectively. Insecticidal efficacy evaluated at 1 and 24 h after exposure on days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 was 100, 91.2, 82.5, 80.0 and 29.1, and 100, 100, 100, 96.0 and 49.9%, respectively. This study demonstrates that a single administration of DPP spot-on treatment at a dose equivalent to the minimal recommended dose in rats has a powerful effect against T. infestans starting from day 1 that lasts for at least 3 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Tahir
- Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 7278, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) 198 (Dakar), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) 1095, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - B Davoust
- Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 7278, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) 198 (Dakar), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) 1095, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - M Varloud
- Ceva Santé Animale SA, Libourne, France
| | - J-M Berenger
- Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 7278, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) 198 (Dakar), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) 1095, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - D Raoult
- Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 7278, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) 198 (Dakar), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) 1095, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - L Almeras
- Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 7278, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) 198 (Dakar), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) 1095, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - P Parola
- Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 7278, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) 198 (Dakar), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) 1095, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
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Dumonteil E, Herrera C. Ten years of Chagas disease research: Looking back to achievements, looking ahead to challenges. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005422. [PMID: 28426735 PMCID: PMC5398480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Dumonteil
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Vector-Borne Infectious Disease Research Center, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Claudia Herrera
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Vector-Borne Infectious Disease Research Center, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
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Abad-Franch F. A simple, biologically sound, and potentially useful working classification of Chagas disease vectors. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2017; 111:649-651. [PMID: 27759764 PMCID: PMC5066332 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760160203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Current working classifications of Chagas disease vectors rely on a loose mix-up of biological and operational matters. They are therefore confusing and ineffective. I propose a very simple classification that makes biological sense and can be operationally useful. It considers a four-level hierarchy of species (which can be native or non-native); populations (either wild or non-wild); infestation foci (natural, domestic or peridomestic); and individual bugs (which can be solitary house-invaders or part of a hidden infestation focus). This classification translates into a clear, algorithmic scheme for triatomine control-surveillance that may be useful at every operationally relevant scale, from multi-country initiatives to on-site control-surveillance action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Abad-Franch
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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Sant'Anna MRV, Soares AC, Araujo RN, Gontijo NF, Pereira MH. Triatomines (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) blood intake: Physical constraints and biological adaptations. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 97:20-26. [PMID: 27521585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to efficiently obtain blood from their vertebrate hosts, bloodsucking arthropods have undergone an evolutionary selection process leading to specialist adaptations in their feeding apparatus (mouthparts and suction pumps) and salivary molecules. These adaptations act to counteract haemostasis, inflammation, and immune responses in their vertebrate hosts. The association of haematophagous arthropods with vertebrate hosts during a blood feed allows the transmission of pathogens between their hosts and vectors in a tripartite interaction. Feeding mechanisms in haematophagous arthropod species have been the subject of studies over at least eight decades worldwide, as a consequence of the importance of vector-borne diseases and their impact on human health. Here we review studies of the feeding mechanisms of triatomine bugs, with a particular focus on factors that influence their feeding performance when obtaining a blood meal from different vertebrate hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurício Roberto Viana Sant'Anna
- Laboratório de Fisiologia de Insetos Hematófagos, Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Adriana Coelho Soares
- Laboratório de Fisiologia de Insetos Hematófagos, Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Nascimento Araujo
- Laboratório de Fisiologia de Insetos Hematófagos, Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Nelder Figueiredo Gontijo
- Laboratório de Fisiologia de Insetos Hematófagos, Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Marcos Horácio Pereira
- Laboratório de Fisiologia de Insetos Hematófagos, Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte CEP 31270-901, Brazil.
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Understanding transmissibility patterns of Chagas disease through complex vector–host networks. Parasitology 2017; 144:760-772. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182016002468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARYChagas disease is one of the most important vector-borne zoonotic diseases in Latin America. Control strategies could be improved if transmissibility patterns of its aetiologic agent, Trypanosoma cruzi, were better understood. To understand transmissibility patterns of Chagas disease in Mexico, we inferred potential vectors and hosts of T. cruzi from geographic distributions of nine species of Triatominae and 396 wild mammal species, respectively. The most probable vectors and hosts of T. cruzi were represented in a Complex Inference Network, from which we formulated a predictive model and several associated hypotheses about the ecological epidemiology of Chagas disease. We compiled a list of confirmed mammal hosts to test our hypotheses. Our tests allowed us to predict the most important potential hosts of T. cruzi and to validate the model showing that the confirmed hosts were those predicted to be the most important hosts. We were also able to predict differences in the transmissibility of T. cruzi among triatomine species from spatial data. We hope our findings help drive efforts for future experimental studies.
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Márcia de Oliveira L, Nogueira de Brito R, Anderson Souza Guimarães P, Vitor Mastrângelo Amaro dos Santos R, Gonçalves Diotaiuti L, de Cássia Moreira de Souza R, Conceição Ruiz J. TriatoKey: a web and mobile tool for biodiversity identification of Brazilian triatomine species. Database (Oxford) 2017; 2017:3737831. [PMID: 28605769 PMCID: PMC5467554 DOI: 10.1093/database/bax033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Triatomines are blood-sucking insects that transmit the causative agent of Chagas disease, Trypanosoma cruzi. Despite being recognized as a difficult task, the correct taxonomic identification of triatomine species is crucial for vector control in Latin America, where the disease is endemic. In this context, we have developed a web and mobile tool based on PostgreSQL database to help healthcare technicians to overcome the difficulties to identify triatomine vectors when the technical expertise is missing. The web and mobile version makes use of real triatomine species pictures and dichotomous key method to support the identification of potential vectors that occur in Brazil. It provides a user example-driven interface with simple language. TriatoKey can also be useful for educational purposes. Database URL http://triatokey.cpqrr.fiocruz.br.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Márcia de Oliveira
- Grupo Informática de Biossistemas e Genômica - Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz Minas. Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte MG -Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Bioinformática - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos 6627 - Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG -Brazil
- Centro Universitário UNA – Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde. Rua Guajajaras, 175 Centro, 30180-100 Belo Horizonte MG -Brazil and
| | - Raissa Nogueira de Brito
- Laboratório de Triatomíneos - Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz Minas, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte MG -Brazil
| | - Paul Anderson Souza Guimarães
- Grupo Informática de Biossistemas e Genômica - Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz Minas. Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte MG -Brazil
- Centro Universitário UNA – Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde. Rua Guajajaras, 175 Centro, 30180-100 Belo Horizonte MG -Brazil and
| | | | - Liléia Gonçalves Diotaiuti
- Laboratório de Triatomíneos - Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz Minas, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte MG -Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Moreira de Souza
- Laboratório de Triatomíneos - Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz Minas, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte MG -Brazil
| | - Jeronimo Conceição Ruiz
- Grupo Informática de Biossistemas e Genômica - Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz Minas. Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte MG -Brazil
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Dias JCP, Ramos Jr. AN, Gontijo ED, Luquetti A, Shikanai-Yasuda MA, Coura JR, Torres RM, Melo JRDC, Almeida EAD, Oliveira Jr. WD, Silveira AC, Rezende JMD, Pinto FS, Ferreira AW, Rassi A, Fragata Filho AA, Sousa ASD, Correia D, Jansen AM, Andrade GMQ, Britto CFDPDC, Pinto AYDN, Rassi Jr. A, Campos DE, Abad-Franch F, Santos SE, Chiari E, Hasslocher-Moreno AM, Moreira EF, Marques DSDO, Silva EL, Marin-Neto JA, Galvão LMDC, Xavier SS, Valente SADS, Carvalho NB, Cardoso AV, Silva RAE, Costa VMD, Vivaldini SM, Oliveira SM, Valente VDC, Lima MM, Alves RV. 2 nd Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease, 2015. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2016; 49Suppl 1:3-60. [DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0505-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Marchant A, Mougel F, Jacquin-Joly E, Costa J, Almeida CE, Harry M. Under-Expression of Chemosensory Genes in Domiciliary Bugs of the Chagas Disease Vector Triatoma brasiliensis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0005067. [PMID: 27792774 PMCID: PMC5085048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Latin America, the bloodsucking bugs Triatominae are vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasite that causes Chagas disease. Chemical elimination programs have been launched to control Chagas disease vectors. However, the disease persists because native vectors from sylvatic habitats are able to (re)colonize houses-a process called domiciliation. Triatoma brasiliensis is one example. Because the chemosensory system allows insects to interact with their environment and plays a key role in insect adaption, we conducted a descriptive and comparative study of the chemosensory transcriptome of T. brasiliensis samples from different ecotopes. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDING In a reference transcriptome built using de novo assembly, we found transcripts encoding 27 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), 17 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 3 odorant receptors (ORs), 5 transient receptor potential channel (TRPs), 1 sensory neuron membrane protein (SNMPs), 25 takeout proteins, 72 cytochrome P450s, 5 gluthatione S-transferases, and 49 cuticular proteins. Using protein phylogenies, we showed that most of the OBPs and CSPs for T. brasiliensis had well supported orthologs in the kissing bug Rhodnius prolixus. We also showed a higher number of these genes within the bloodsucking bugs and more generally within all Hemipterans compared to the other species in the super-order Paraneoptera. Using both DESeq2 and EdgeR software, we performed differential expression analyses between samples of T. brasiliensis, taking into account their environment (sylvatic, peridomiciliary and domiciliary) and sex. We also searched clusters of co-expressed contigs using HTSCluster. Among differentially expressed (DE) contigs, most were under-expressed in the chemosensory organs of the domiciliary bugs compared to the other samples and in females compared to males. We clearly identified DE genes that play a role in the chemosensory system. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Chemosensory genes could be good candidates for genes that contribute to adaptation or plastic rearrangement to an anthropogenic system. The domiciliary environment probably includes less diversity of xenobiotics and probably has more stable abiotic parameters than do sylvatic and peridomiciliary environments. This could explain why both detoxification and cuticle protein genes are less expressed in domiciliary bugs. Understanding the molecular basis for how vectors adapt to human dwellings may reveal new tools to control disease vectors; for example, by disrupting chemical communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axelle Marchant
- UMR Evolution, Génomes, Comportement, Ecologie, CNRS-IRD- Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Campus CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette – France
- UFR Sciences, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Florence Mougel
- UMR Evolution, Génomes, Comportement, Ecologie, CNRS-IRD- Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Campus CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette – France
- UFR Sciences, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Emmanuelle Jacquin-Joly
- INRA, UMR 1392, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris, Route de Saint Cyr, Versailles, France
| | - Jane Costa
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade Entomológica; Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz; Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz – Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Almeida
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Uncamp), Campinas São Paulo – Brazil
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Paraíba – Brazil
| | - Myriam Harry
- UMR Evolution, Génomes, Comportement, Ecologie, CNRS-IRD- Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Campus CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette – France
- UFR Sciences, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
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Dias JVL, Queiroz DRM, Diotaiuti L, Pires HHR. Conhecimentos sobre triatomíneos e sobre a doença de Chagas em localidades com diferentes níveis de infestação vetorial. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2016; 21:2293-304. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232015217.07792015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo A participação comunitária é a principal estratégia para a manutenção da vigilância entomológica da doença de Chagas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar conhecimentos sobre triatomíneos e a doença de Chagas entre moradores de oito localidades de Diamantina, Minas Gerais, atentando a uma eventual relação entre os conhecimentos e a infestação vetorial. Para avaliação dos conhecimentos foi aplicado questionário com questões fechadas e abertas a 583 moradores com idade igual ou superior a dez anos e, para avaliar a capacidade de reconhecimento de triatomíneos, foi apresentado mostruário com insetos. As respostas às questões fechadas foram analisadas quanto à frequência e associação com a infestação triatomínica. As respostas às questões abertas foram organizadas em eixos temáticos e analisadas descritivamente. Embora a capacidade de reconhecer os triatomíneos não tenha sido associada à infestação das localidades, os residentes em áreas com maior infestação demonstraram conhecer melhor os serviços de referência e a necessidade de encaminhar os insetos a estes. Não foi observada associação entre a infestação triatomínica e os conhecimentos sobre a doença de Chagas. Os resultados ora apresentados podem orientar ações de educação em saúde voltadas para a participação da comunidade na notificação de triatomíneos.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Liléia Diotaiuti
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Brasil
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Folly-Ramos E, Dornak LL, Orsolon G, Gonçalves TCM, Lilioso M, Costa J, Almeida CE. Vector capacity of members of Triatoma brasiliensis species complex: The need to extend Chagas disease surveillance to Triatoma melanica. JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2016; 41:48-54. [PMID: 27232124 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a lab-based comparative study on vector capacity features of two species of triatomines: Triatoma brasiliensis and T. melanica. Both are members of the T. brasiliensis species complex. The former is the most important Chagas disease vector in the northeastern region of Brazil. To date, no transmission via T. melanica has been recorded. Immature insects exhibited distinct intermoult periods without a direct relationship to a given species. Females of T. brasiliensis consumed an average of 1.9 times more meals (mean = 12.92 vs 6.63) and survived for a shorter period (mean =330.8 days) than T. melanica (mean = 365.2 days), probably due to the cost of reproduction (all significant at P<0.05). These data support the idea that T. brasiliensis is more adapted to lab conditions and is more able to infest domiciles than T. melanica. We also found significant distinctions in other features between these species, such as the elapsed time without eating before molting, which was higher for the second, third, and fifth nymph stages of T. melanica. Regarding features analyzed related to vector capacity, insects of all life stages of both species were considered competent to transmit Trypanosoma cruzi because they needed many feedings (mean =1.5-3.82) to moult and because a high proportion (>39%) of insects defecated rapidly (<30 s) after feeding. Overall, results highlight the need to extend vector surveillance to T. melanica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Folly-Ramos
- Laboratório Ecologia Animal, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Monitoramento Ambiental - PPGEMA, Universidade Federal da Paraíba-UFPB.
| | - L Lynnette Dornak
- Department of Geography and Geology, University of Wisconsin-Platteville, WI, U.S.A
| | - Guilherme Orsolon
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca - CEFET/RJ, Campus Valença
| | - Teresa Cristina Monte Gonçalves
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, IOC/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Lilioso
- Laboratório Ecologia Animal, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Monitoramento Ambiental - PPGEMA, Universidade Federal da Paraíba-UFPB
| | - Jane Costa
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade Entomológica, IOC/FIOCRUZ-RJ
| | - Carlos Eduardo Almeida
- Laboratório Ecologia Animal, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Monitoramento Ambiental - PPGEMA, Universidade Federal da Paraíba-UFPB
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Mesk M, Mahdjoub T, Gourbière S, Rabinovich JE, Menu F. Invasion speeds of Triatoma dimidiata, vector of Chagas disease: An application of orthogonal polynomials method. J Theor Biol 2016; 395:126-143. [PMID: 26807809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Demographic processes and spatial dispersal of Triatoma dimidiata, a triatomine species vector of Chagas disease, are modeled by integrodifference equations to estimate invasion capacity of this species under different ecological conditions. The application of the theory of orthogonal polynomials and the steepest descent method applied to these equations, allow a good approximation of the abundance of the adult female population and the invasion speed. We show that: (1) under the same mean conditions of demography and dispersal, periodic spatial dispersal results in an invasion speed 2.5 times larger than the invasion speed when spatial dispersal is continuous; (2) when the invasion speed of periodic spatial dispersal is correlated to adverse demographic conditions, it is 34.7% higher as compared to a periodic dispersal that is correlated to good demographic conditions. From our results we conclude, in terms of triatomine population control, that the invasive success of T. dimidiata may be most sensitive to the probability of transition from juvenile to adult stage. We discuss our main theoretical predictions in the light of observed data in different triatomines species found in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Mesk
- Laboratoire d'Analyse Non Linéaire et Mathématiques Appliquées, Université de Tlemcen, BP 119 Imama (Pôle2), Tlemcen 13000, Algeria.
| | - Tewfik Mahdjoub
- Laboratoire d'Analyse Non Linéaire et Mathématiques Appliquées, Université de Tlemcen, BP 119 Imama (Pôle2), Tlemcen 13000, Algeria.
| | - Sébastien Gourbière
- Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, EA 4218 ׳Institut de Modélisation et d׳Analyse en Géo-Environnements et Santé' (IMAGES), Perpignan 66100, France.
| | - Jorge E Rabinovich
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Frédéric Menu
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive (UMR 5558), Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5558, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69 622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
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Marking Triatoma brasiliensis, Triatoma pseudomaculata and Rhodnius nasutus Nymphs with Trace Elements: Element Persistence and Effects of Marking on Insect Mortality. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004548. [PMID: 27027503 PMCID: PMC4814127 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Field ecologists often rely on mark-release-recapture (MRR) experiments to estimate population dynamics parameters for a given species. In the case of a medically important taxon, i.e., a disease vector, inferences on species survival and dispersal rates are particularly important as they have the potential to provide insights into disease transmission dynamics in endemic areas. Medical entomologists have traditionally used fluorescent dusts to externally mark the cuticle of insects. However, dust marking is usually restricted to the adult life stage because immature insects lose the mark when they molt. Methodology/Principal Findings We evaluated the efficacy of 13 trace elements in marking nymphs of three native Brazilian Chagas disease vectors: Triatoma brasiliensis, Triatoma pseudomaculata, and Rhodnius nasutus. Cr and Cu were detected in over 97% of T. brasiliensis (34/35 31/31 for Cr and Cu), while Cu and Mn were detected in more than 95% of T. pseudomaculata (29/29 for Cu and 28/29 for Mn) tested 120 days after marking. Only Mn marked over 90% of R. nasutus nymphs (38/41). Overall, trace elements had no negative effects on T. pseudomaculata longevity, but As-marked T. brasiliensis nymphs (p<0.01), and Cd-marked R. nasutus nymphs (p<0.01) had significantly shorter lifespan. Conclusions/Significance Previous evidence shows that there is little or no genetic differentiation between populations at the microgeographic level, which often precludes indirect estimations of dispersal capability based on genetic markers. In such situations, MRR studies are more suitable as they measure insect movement directly from one site to another, instead of effective migration (i.e. gene flow). The determination of a reliable and persistent marking method is the first step towards the development of meaningful ecological estimates through the application of MRR methodology. Here, we have identified trace elements that can be used for mark and recapture studies of three triatomine species in Brazil. Mark, release and recapture (MRR) is one of the most powerful techniques employed by field ecologists, and is used to provide relevant estimates of natural populations such as dispersal, survival rates, and population densities. A reliable, persistent and effective marking method is a sine qua non condition to conduct a MRR experiment. Despite their relevance as Chagas disease vectors in the Americas, triatomine bugs have seldom been subjected to MRR studies. So far, estimates on triatomine dispersal have largely relied on molecular/genetic approaches, which are not direct measurements of the distance between the release and recapture point. We evaluated the persistence and efficiency of trace elements, chemicals present in very low quantities in the organism of a targeted species, to mark the nymphs of three Chagas disease vectors of the Brazilian caatinga biome, Triatoma brasiliensis, T. pseudomaculata, and Rhodnius nasutus. At least one trace element was shown to be a good marker for each triatomine species: more than 97% of T. brasiliensis were still marked with Cr and Cu after 120 days; more than 95% of T. pseudomaculata were marked with Cu and Mn and more than 90% of R. nasutus were marked with Mn 120 days after marking. Only As-marked T. brasiliensis and Cd-marked R. nasutus nymphs had significantly shorter lifespan. We believe these findings show that trace elements are a reliable and persistent marking method for triatomine nymphs and hope this is the first step towards the development of meaningful ecological estimates through the application of the MRR methodology.
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