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Kim JW, Kim JH, Lee YJ. The Role of Adipokines in Tumor Progression and Its Association with Obesity. Biomedicines 2024; 12:97. [PMID: 38255203 PMCID: PMC10813163 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a well-established risk factor for various malignancies and emerging evidence suggests that adipokines play a pivotal role in linking excess adiposity to tumorigenesis. Adipokines are bioactive molecules secreted by adipose tissue and their altered expression in obesity contributes to a pro-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic, and growth-promoting microenvironment conducive to tumorigenesis. Leptin, a key adipokine, activates survival and proliferative signaling pathways whereas adiponectin exhibits tumor-suppressive effects by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Visfatin has also been documented to promote tumor growth, angiogenesis, migration, and invasion. Moreover, emerging studies suggest that adipokines, such as resistin, apelin, and chemerin, which are overexpressed in obesity, may also possess oncogenic functions. Despite advancements in our understanding of the roles of individual adipokines in cancer, the intricate interplay and crosstalk between adipokines, tumor cells, and the tumor microenvironment remain complex and multifaceted. This review highlights the evolving knowledge of how adipokines contribute to obesity-related tumorigenesis, shedding light on the potential of targeting adipokine signaling pathways as a novel therapeutic approach for obesity-associated cancers. Further research on the specific mechanisms and interactions between adipokines and tumor cells is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of obesity-associated cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yoon Jae Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Republic of Korea; (J.W.K.); (J.H.K.)
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ÖZYURT R, ERKASAP N, ÖZKURT M, ERKASAP S, DİMAS K, ÇAKIR GÜNDOĞDU A, ULUKAYA E. Targeting of Notch, IL-1, and leptin has therapeutic potential in xenograft colorectal cancer. Turk J Biol 2023; 47:290-300. [PMID: 38152619 PMCID: PMC10751088 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0152.2663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/aim Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a fatal malignancy type and its occurence still needs to be explored mechanistically. Notch, IL-1, and leptin crosstalk is reported to play a role in the proliferation, migration, and expression of proangiogenic molecules. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of inhibition of Notch, IL-1, and leptin on CRC. Materials and methods To generate colorectal cancer tumor xenografts, 1 × 107 cells from exponentially growing cultures of HCT-15 cells were injected subcutaneously, at the axillary region of the left and right rear flanks of forty NOD.CB17-Prkdcscid/J (NOD/SCID) female mice. The mice were then monitored for the development of tumors and were randomly divided into five groups when tumor sizes reached a volume of approximately 150 mm3. Mice were used to determine the effectiveness of the gamma-secretase inhibitor (DAPT, Notch inhibitor), the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (Anakinra) and the leptin receptor antagonist (Allo aca) against tumor growth. The mice were euthanized by CO2 inhalation immediately after the treatments finished, and all efforts were made to minimize suffering. Tumors were excissed for RT-PCR and histological analysis. Results There is an intact Notch, IL-1, and leptin signaling axis, and in vivo antagonism of Notch, IL-1, and leptin affects mRNA and protein expression of inflammatory and angiogenic molecules. Conclusion Present data suggest that targeting Notch, IL-1, and leptin may be possesses therapeutic potential in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumeysa ÖZYURT
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX,
USA
- Department of Physiology, Eskişehir Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Eskişehir,
Turkiye
| | - Nilüfer ERKASAP
- Department of Physiology, Eskişehir Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Eskişehir,
Turkiye
| | - Mete ÖZKURT
- Department of Physiology, Eskişehir Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Eskişehir,
Turkiye
| | - Serdar ERKASAP
- Department of General Surgery, Eskişehir Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Eskişehir,
Turkiye
| | - Konstantinos DİMAS
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Science, Thessaly University, Larissa,
Greece
| | - Ayşe ÇAKIR GÜNDOĞDU
- Department of Histology and Embrology, Kütahya Health Sciences University Medical Faculty, Kütahya,
Turkiye
| | - Engin ULUKAYA
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, İstinye University, İstanbul,
Turkiye
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Caruso A, Gelsomino L, Panza S, Accattatis FM, Naimo GD, Barone I, Giordano C, Catalano S, Andò S. Leptin: A Heavyweight Player in Obesity-Related Cancers. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1084. [PMID: 37509120 PMCID: PMC10377641 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, defined as the abnormal or excessive expansion of white adipose tissue, has reached pandemic proportions and is recognized as an important health concern since it is a common root for several comorbidities, including malignancies. Indeed, the current knowledge of the white adipose tissue, which shifts its role from an energy storage tissue to an important endocrine and metabolic organ, has opened up new avenues for the discovery of obesity's effects on tumor biology. In this review, we will report the epidemiological studies concerning the strong impact of obesity in several types of cancer and describe the mechanisms underlying the heterotypic signals between cancer cell lines and adipocytes, with particular emphasis on inflammation, the insulin/IGF-1 axis, and adipokines. Among the adipokines, we will further describe the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical data concerning the role of leptin, recognized as one of the most important mediators of obesity-associated cancers. In fact, leptin physiologically regulates energy metabolism, appetite, and reproduction, and several studies have also described the role of leptin in affecting cancer development and progression. Finally, we will summarize the newest pharmacological strategies aimed at mitigating the protumorigenic effects of leptin, underlining their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Caruso
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Luca Gelsomino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panza
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Felice Maria Accattatis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Daniela Naimo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Ines Barone
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Cinzia Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
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Wang T, Zhang Y, Taaffe DR, Kim JS, Luo H, Yang L, Fairman CM, Qiao Y, Newton RU, Galvão DA. Protective effects of physical activity in colon cancer and underlying mechanisms: A review of epidemiological and biological evidence. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 170:103578. [PMID: 35007701 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological studies indicate that physical activity has a protective effect against colon cancer development and progression. Further, the relevant biological mechanisms where physical activity or exercise may improve survival have also been initially examined. In this review, we provide an overview of the epidemiological evidence to date which comprises 16 cohort studies of the effects of physical activity on colon cancer outcomes including cancer recurrence, cancer-specific and overall survival. Moreover, we present four potential mechanisms involving shear pressure, systemic milieu alteration, extracellular vesicles, and immune function by which physical activity and exercise may favorably impact colon cancer. Research currently in progress will provide definitive evidence of survival benefits resulting from exercise and future work will help clarify the role of targeted exercise and the relevant mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China; Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Ying Zhang
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia; Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Dennis R Taaffe
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Jin-Soo Kim
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Hao Luo
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Lirui Yang
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Ciaran M Fairman
- Exercise Science Department, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Yuandong Qiao
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Robert U Newton
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Daniel A Galvão
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
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5
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Erkasap N, Ozyurt R, Ozkurt M, Erkasap S, Yasar F, Ihtiyar E, Ciftci E, Canaz F, Colak E. Role of Notch, IL-1 and leptin expression in colorectal cancer. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:600. [PMID: 33884038 PMCID: PMC8056113 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have shown that angiogenesis has an important role in the progression of cancer. The growth of a new network of blood vessels is crucial for tumor growth and metastasis, which is promoted by several proangiogenic factors. Leptin, an essential adipokine that is secreted from fat tissue, is one of these pro-angiogenic factors. It has been shown that the inhibition of leptin-induced angiogenesis resulted in decreased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGFR2, hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) 1α, NF-κB, IL-1 and Notch and reduced the tumor growth in breast cancer. Leptin induces angiogenesis in breast cancer either by upregulating VEGFR2 in endothelial cells or by increasing VEGF/VEGFR2 expression through the Notch, IL-1 and leptin crosstalk outcome (NILCO) pathway. NILCO is a novel mechanism that interacts with proinflammatory and proangiogenic signals, which are critical for cell proliferation and angiogenesis in cancer. Several studies have shown that components of NILCO may affect human cancer incidence and progression. However, to the best of our knowledge, the interactions between Notch, IL-1 and leptin in human colorectal cancer have not been yet studied at the molecular level. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression levels of genes related to the NILCO pathway in human colorectal cancer specimens. The current results demonstrated that leptin, leptin receptor (ObR) b, Notch-1, Notch-4, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1R, IL-6, JAK-2, STAT-1, STAT-3, VEGFA, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, TNF-α and NF-κB mRNA expression levels in the cancer tissue were increased compared with the normal tissue. No significant changes in the mRNA expression levels of Jagged-1, HIF-1α and TNF receptor 1 were observed. Western blotting revealed that the protein expression levels of IκB were increased in the cancer tissue compared with normal tissue, whereas HIF-1α and phosphorylated STAT-1 levels were decreased. IL-6 and VEGFA plasma concentrations were statistically raised and the leptin plasma concentration was also raised, although significantly, patients with cancer compared with control individuals. Together, the present findings indicated that Notch, IL-1 and leptin may serve a crucial role in the development of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilufer Erkasap
- Department of Physiology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Odunpazari, Eskisehir 26040, Turkey
| | - Rumeysa Ozyurt
- Department of Physiology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Odunpazari, Eskisehir 26040, Turkey
| | - Mete Ozkurt
- Department of Physiology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Odunpazari, Eskisehir 26040, Turkey
| | - Serdar Erkasap
- Department of General Surgery, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Odunpazari, Eskisehir 26040, Turkey
| | - Fatih Yasar
- Department of General Surgery, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Odunpazari, Eskisehir 26040, Turkey
| | - Enver Ihtiyar
- Department of General Surgery, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Odunpazari, Eskisehir 26040, Turkey
| | - Evrim Ciftci
- Department of Pathology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Odunpazari, Eskisehir 26040, Turkey
| | - Funda Canaz
- Department of Pathology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Odunpazari, Eskisehir 26040, Turkey
| | - Ertugrul Colak
- Department of Biostatistics, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Odunpazari, Eskisehir 26040, Turkey
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Al-Shibli SM, Harun N, Ashour AE, Mohd Kasmuri MHB, Mizan S. Expression of leptin and leptin receptors in colorectal cancer-an immunohistochemical study. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7624. [PMID: 31592340 PMCID: PMC6778430 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is demonstrated to be a risk factor in the development of cancers of various organs, such as colon, prostate, pancreas and so on. Leptine (LEP) is the most renowned of the adipokines. As a hormone, it mediates its effect through leptin receptor (LEPR), which is widely expressed in various tissues including colon mucosa. In this study, we have investigated the degree of expression of LEP and LEPR in colorectal cancer (CRC). We collected 44 surgically resected colon cancer tissues along with normal adjacent colon tissue (NACT) from a sample of CRC patients from the Malaysian population and looked for leptin and leptin receptors using immunohistochemistry (IHC). All the samples showed low presence of both LEP and LEPR in NACT, while both LEP and LEPR were present at high intensity in the cancerous tissues with 100% and 97.7% prevalence, respectively. Both were sparsed in the cytoplasm and were concentrated beneath the cell membrane. However, we did not find any significant correlation between their expression and pathological parameters like grade, tumor size, and lymph node involvement. Our study further emphasizes the possible causal role of LEP and LEPR with CRC, and also the prospect of using LEPR as a possible therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad M Al-Shibli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, International Islamic University, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Norra Harun
- Pathology Department, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Abdelkader E Ashour
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, International Islamic University, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hanif B Mohd Kasmuri
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, International Islamic University, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Shaikh Mizan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, International Islamic University, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
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Florescu A, Branisteanu D, Bilha S, Scripcariu D, Florescu I, Scripcariu V, Dimofte G, Grigoras I. Leptin and adiponectin dynamics at patients with rectal neoplasm - Gender differences. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212471. [PMID: 31425509 PMCID: PMC6699797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous studies associate adipokines with colorectal malignancy, but few data deal with patients suffering exclusively of rectal carcinoma (RC). Aims We evaluated leptin and adiponectin levels in RC patients compared to healthy population and their dynamics after surgery. Material and methods Serum leptin and adiponectin were evaluated before surgery in 59 RC consecutive patients (38 males and 21 females), and in age and weight matched healthy controls. Measurements were repeated at 24, 72 hours and 7 days after surgery. Results Adipokine levels were higher in women. Controls had higher leptin (32.±4.34 vs 9.51±1.73 ng/ml in women and 11±2.66 vs 2.54±0.39 ng/ml in men, p = 0.00048 and 0.0032) and lower adiponectin (9±0.64 vs 11.85±1.02 μg/ml in women and 7.39±0.51 vs 8.5±0.62 μg/ml in men, p = 0.017 and 0.019) than RC patients. Surgery caused an increase of leptin from 5.11±0.8 to 18.7±2.42 ng/ml, p = 6.85 x 10¨8, and a decrease of adiponectin from 9.71±0.58 to 7.87±0.47 μg/ml, p = 1.4 x 10¨10 for all RC patients and returned thereafter to the initial range at 7 days. Adipokines were correlated with body weight (BW). The significance of correlation persisted after surgery only in males, but disappeared in females. Adipokines were not modified by tumor position, presurgical chemoradiotherapy or surgical technique. Women with RC experiencing weight loss had higher adiponectin than women without weight modifications (p<0.05 at all time points). Conclusions Adipokine levels of patients with RC differ from the healthy population, possibly reflecting an adaptation to disease. Adipokine modifications after surgery may be related to acute surgical stress. Whether leptin and adiponectin directly interact is not clear. Women have higher adipokine levels, more so after significant weight loss, but the strength of their correlation with BW decreases after surgery. These data suggest gender differences in the adipokine profile of RC patients which may find clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Florescu
- Department of Endocrinology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Dumitru Branisteanu
- Department of Endocrinology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
- * E-mail:
| | - Stefana Bilha
- Department of Endocrinology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Dragos Scripcariu
- Department of Surgery, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Ioana Florescu
- Department of Intensive Care, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Viorel Scripcariu
- Department of Surgery, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Gabriel Dimofte
- Department of Surgery, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Ioana Grigoras
- Department of Intensive Care, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
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Florescu A, Bilha S, Grigoras I, Branisteanu D. VARIATIONS OF ADIPOKINE PROFILE IN PATIENTS DIAGNOSED WITH RECTAL CARCINOMA. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA (BUCHAREST, ROMANIA : 2005) 2019; 15:407-409. [PMID: 32010365 PMCID: PMC6992412 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2019.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipokine secretion is influenced by various disease conditions. PURPOSE We wanted to check the impact of rectal carcinoma (RC) on adipokine profile. PATIENTS AND METHODS We evaluated serum leptin and adiponectin levels in 24 RC patients (12 males and 12 females) as well as in the same number of age, sex and weight-matched healthy controls. RESULTS Adipokines were oppositely correlated with body weight (BW) in controls and RC patients. Women had higher adipokine levels than men. Healthy controls had higher leptin (37.6.±7.8 vs. 7.9±2.6 ng/mL in women and 11.9±4.6 vs. 1.4±0.34 ng/mL in men, p=0.0016 and 0.043) and lower adiponectin levels (9.3±1.1 vs. 14.9±1.1 µg/mL in women and 7.9±0.9 vs. 11.1±0.9 µg/mL in men, p=0.012 and 0.017) than RC patients. CONCLUSION Adipokine profiles of patients with RC differ from the healthy population, possibly reflecting an adaptation to the disease rather than a triggering factor. These differences may find clinical applications for the prognosis of disease evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Florescu
- “Gr. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy -, Endocrinology, Iasi, Romania
| | - S. Bilha
- “Gr. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy -, Endocrinology, Iasi, Romania
| | - I. Grigoras
- “Gr. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy - Intensive Care, Iasi, Romania
| | - D. Branisteanu
- “Gr. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy -, Endocrinology, Iasi, Romania
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Odutola MK, Olukomogbon T, Igbinoba F, Otu TI, Ezeome E, Hassan R, Jedy-Agba E, Adebamowo SN. Cancers Attributable to Overweight and Obesity From 2012 to 2014 in Nigeria: A Population-Based Cancer Registry Study. Front Oncol 2019; 9:460. [PMID: 31245287 PMCID: PMC6579889 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Overweight and obesity are known risk factors for chronic diseases including cancers. In this study, we evaluated the age standardized incidence rates (ASR) and proportion of cancers attributable to overweight and obesity in Nigeria. Methods: We obtained incidence data from the databases of two population-based cancer registries (PBCRs) in Nigeria (Abuja and Enugu cancer registries), on cancer site for which there is established evidence of an association with overweight or obesity based on the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) classification. We analyzed the data using population attributable fraction (PAF) for overweight or obesity associated cancers calculated using prevalence data and relative risk estimates in previous studies. Results: The two PBCRs reported 4,336 new cancer cases (ASR 113.9 per 100,000) from 2012 to 2014. Some 21% of these cancers were associated with overweight and obesity. The ASR for overweight and obesity associated cancers was 24.5 per 100,000; 40.7 per 100,000 in women and 8.2 per 100,000 in men. Overall, only 1.4% of incident cancers were attributable to overweight and obesity. The ASR of cancers attributable to overweight and obesity was 2.0 per 100,000. Postmenopausal breast cancer was the most common cancer attributable to overweight and obesity (n = 25; ASR 1.2 per 100,000). Conclusion: Our results suggest that a small proportion of incident cancer cases in Nigeria are potentially preventable by maintaining normal body weight. The burden of cancer attributed to overweight and obesity in Nigeria is relatively small, but it may increase in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K. Odutola
- Office of Strategic Information and Research, Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Temitope Olukomogbon
- Office of Strategic Information and Research, Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Theresa I. Otu
- Department of Hematology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Ezeome
- Department of Surgery, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu, Enugu, Nigeria
| | | | - Elima Jedy-Agba
- International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Sally N. Adebamowo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Research, Center for Research and Bioethics, Ibadan, Nigeria
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10
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Ghasemi A, Saeidi J, Azimi-Nejad M, Hashemy SI. Leptin-induced signaling pathways in cancer cell migration and invasion. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2019; 42:243-260. [PMID: 30877623 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-019-00428-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence indicates that obesity is associated with tumor development and progression. Leptin is an adipocyte-related hormone with a key role in energy metabolism and whose circulating levels are elevated in obesity. The effect of leptin on cancer progression and metastasis and its underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Leptin can impact various steps in tumor metastasis, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM), and proteolysis of ECM components. To do so, leptin binds to its receptor (OB-Rb) to activate signaling pathways and downstream effectors that participate in tumor cell invasion as well as distant metastasis. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we describe metastasis steps in detail and characterize metastasis-related molecules activated by leptin, which may help to develop a roadmap that guides future work. In addition, we conclude that a profound understanding of the fundamental molecular processes that contribute to leptin-induced metastasis may pave the way for the development of new prognostic molecules and appropriate approaches to the treatment of obesity-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ghasemi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jafar Saeidi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Science, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mohsen Azimi-Nejad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
- Department of Genetic, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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11
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Li YR, Ro V, Tchou JC. Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Breast Cancer: From Prevention to Intervention. CURRENT SURGERY REPORTS 2018; 6:7. [PMID: 31293823 PMCID: PMC6619425 DOI: 10.1007/s40137-018-0204-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity contributes to an estimated forty-percent, or 630,000 cases, of malignant neoplasms diagnosed in the United States[1] and higher body mass index (BMI) has been associated with at least seventeen types of solid tumors, including 9% of all breast cancer cases. In this review, we discuss the impact of obesity and consequences of obesity, including the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus, on breast cancer risk and recurrence. Recent work has identified multiple molecular mechanisms that may underlie the association between obesity and breast cancer. In particular, insulin resistance, increased inflammatory cytokines, leptin signaling, and adipokine signaling have been shown to affect breast cancer risk and outcomes. While obesity is associated with higher breast cancer incidences and worse breast cancer outcomes, several risk reduction methods have been shown to attenuate these risks. Both metformin and statins have been shown to improve disease free survival and overall survival compared to non-users. Metformin also has been associated with lower risk of breast cancer incidence. Furthermore, increased physical activity and weight loss have been shown to decrease risk of breast cancer, especially in post-menopausal women. These studies have emphasized the potential impact that lifestyle changes can have on breast cancer risk and outcomes, and demonstrate the need for randomized control trials to evaluate the roles of metformin and statins for the treatment and chemoprevention of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Rose Li
- Department of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, PA, USA, 19104
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California
San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143
| | - Vicky Ro
- Department of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, PA, USA, 19104
| | - Julia C. Tchou
- Department of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, PA, USA, 19104
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12
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Ray A, Cleary MP. The potential role of leptin in tumor invasion and metastasis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017; 38:80-97. [PMID: 29158066 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The adipocyte-released hormone-like cytokine/adipokine leptin behaves differently in obesity compared to its functions in the normal healthy state. In obese individuals, elevated leptin levels act as a pro-inflammatory adipokine and are associated with certain types of cancers. Further, a growing body of evidence suggests that higher circulating leptin concentrations and/or elevated expression of leptin receptors (Ob-R) in tumors may be poor prognostic factors. Although the underlying pathological mechanisms of leptin's association with poor prognosis are not clear, leptin can impact the tumor microenvironment in several ways. For example, leptin is associated with a number of biological components that could lead to tumor cell invasion and distant metastasis. This includes interactions with carcinoma-associated fibroblasts, tumor promoting effects of infiltrating macrophages, activation of matrix metalloproteinases, transforming growth factor-β signaling, etc. Recent studies also have shown that leptin plays a role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, an important phenomenon for cancer cell migration and/or metastasis. Furthermore, leptin's potentiating effects on insulin-like growth factor-I, epidermal growth factor receptor and HER2/neu have been reported. Regarding unfavorable prognosis, leptin has been shown to influence both adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas. Features of poor prognosis such as tumor invasion, lymph node involvement and distant metastasis have been recorded in several cancer types with higher levels of leptin and/or Ob-R. This review will describe the current scenario in a precise manner. In general, obesity indicates poor prognosis in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitabha Ray
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Seton Hill University, Greensburg, PA 15601, United States
| | - Margot P Cleary
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, United States.
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13
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Ye L, Hu Y, Xu FH, Cai CY, Song DW, Xu ZS, Du WD. Protein biochip-based semiquantitative detection for plasma leptin. Proteomics Clin Appl 2016; 11. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201600073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ye
- Department of Pathology; the First Affiliated Hospital; Anhui Medical University; Hefei P.R. China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York NY USA
| | - Fei-Hong Xu
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York NY USA
| | - Cheng-Yun Cai
- Anhui Academic Institute of Biology; Hefei Anhui P.R. China
| | - Da-Wei Song
- Anhui Academic Institute of Biology; Hefei Anhui P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Shan Xu
- Anhui Academic Institute of Biology; Hefei Anhui P.R. China
| | - Wei-Dong Du
- Department of Pathology; the First Affiliated Hospital; Anhui Medical University; Hefei P.R. China
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14
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Meerson A, Yehuda H. Leptin and insulin up-regulate miR-4443 to suppress NCOA1 and TRAF4, and decrease the invasiveness of human colon cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:882. [PMID: 27842582 PMCID: PMC5109693 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2938-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is a risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). Normal and tumor cells respond to metabolic hormones, such as leptin and insulin. Thus, obesity-associated resistance to these hormones likely leads to changes in gene expression and behavior of tumor cells. However, the mechanisms affected by leptin and insulin signaling in CRC cells remain mostly unknown. Methods We hypothesized that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the regulation of tumorigenesis-related gene expression in CRC cells by leptin and insulin. To test this hypothesis, miRNA levels in the CRC-derived cell lines HCT-116, HT-29 and DLD-1 were profiled, following leptin and insulin treatment. Candidate miRNAs were validated by RT-qPCR. Predicted miRNA targets with known roles in cancer, were validated by immunoblots and reporter assays in HCT-116 cells. Transfection of HCT-116 cells with candidate miRNA mimic was used to test in vitro effects on proliferation and invasion. Results Of ~800 miRNAs profiled, miR-4443 was consistently up-regulated by leptin and insulin in HCT-116 and HT-29, but not in DLD-1, which lacked normal leptin receptor expression. Dose response experiments showed that leptin at 100 ng/ml consistently up-regulated miR-4443 in HCT-116 cells, concomitantly with a significant decrease in cell invasion ability. Transfection with miR-4443 mimic decreased invasion and proliferation of HCT-116 cells. Moreover, leptin and miR-4443 transfection significantly down-regulated endogenous NCOA1 and TRAF4, both predicted targets of miR-4443 with known roles in cancer metastasis. miR-4443 was found to directly regulate TRAF4 and NCOA1, as validated by a reporter assay. The up-regulation of miR-4443 by leptin or insulin was attenuated by the inhibition of MEK1/2. Conclusions Our findings suggest that miR-4443 acts in a tumor-suppressive manner by down-regulating TRAF4 and NCOA1 downstream of MEK-C/EBP-mediated leptin and insulin signaling, and that insulin and/or leptin resistance (e.g. in obesity) may suppress this pathway and increase the risk of metastatic CRC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2938-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Meerson
- Molecular Biology of Chronic Diseases, MIGAL Galilee Research Institute, PO Box 831, Kiryat Shmona, 11016, Israel. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark.
| | - Hila Yehuda
- Molecular Biology of Chronic Diseases, MIGAL Galilee Research Institute, PO Box 831, Kiryat Shmona, 11016, Israel
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15
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Pietrzyk L, Torres A, Maciejewski R, Torres K. Obesity and Obese-related Chronic Low-grade Inflammation in Promotion of Colorectal Cancer Development. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:4161-8. [PMID: 26028066 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.10.4161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a worldwide health problem, being the third most commonly detected cancer in males and the second in females. Rising CRC incidence trends are mainly regarded as a part of the rapid 'Westernization' of life-style and are associated with calorically excessive high-fat/low-fibre diet, consumption of refined products, lack of physical activity, and obesity. Most recent epidemiological and clinical investigations have consistently evidenced a significant relationship between obesity-driven inflammation in particular steps of colorectal cancer development, including initiation, promotion, progression, and metastasis. Inflammation in obesity occurs by several mechanisms. Roles of imbalanced metabolism (MetS), distinct immune cells, cytokines, and other immune mediators have been suggested in the inflammatory processes. Critical mechanisms are accounted to proinflammatory cytokines (e.g. IL-1, IL-6, IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). These molecules are secreted by macrophages and are considered as major agents in the transition between acute and chronic inflammation and inflammation-related CRC. The second factor promoting the CRC development in obese individuals is altered adipokine concentrations (leptin and adiponectin). The role of leptin and adiponectin in cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis is attributable to the activation of several signal transduction pathways (JAK/STAT, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), mTOR, and 5'AMPK signaling pathways) and multiple dysregulation (COX-2 downregulation, mRNA expression).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Pietrzyk
- Laboratory of Biostructure, Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Military Clinical Hospital, Lublin, Poland E-mail :
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16
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Ewaschuk JB, Almasud A, Mazurak VC. Role of n-3 fatty acids in muscle loss and myosteatosis. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2014; 39:654-62. [PMID: 24869970 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2013-0423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Image-based methods such as computed tomography for assessing body composition enables quantification of muscle mass and muscle density and reveals that low muscle mass and myosteatosis (fat infiltration into muscle) are common in people with cancer. Myosteatosis and low muscle mass have emerged as independent risk factors for mortality in cancer; however, the characteristics and pathogenesis of these features have not been resolved. Muscle depletion is associated with low plasma eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3) in cancer and supplementation with n-3 fatty acids has been shown to ameliorate muscle loss and myosteatosis in clinical studies, suggesting a relationship between n-3 fatty acids and muscle health. Since the mechanisms by which n-3 fatty acids alter body composition in cancer remain unknown, related literature from other conditions associated with myosteatosis, such as insulin resistance and obesity is considered. In these noncancer conditions, it has been reported that n-3 fatty acids act by increasing insulin sensitivity, reducing inflammatory mediators, and altering adipokine profiles and transcription factors; therefore, the plausibility of these mechanisms of action in the neoplastic state are considered. The aim of this review is to summarize what is known about the effects of n-3 fatty acids with regards to muscle condition and to discuss potential mechanisms for effects of n-3 fatty acids on muscle health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia B Ewaschuk
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life, and Environmental Science, Division of Human Nutrition, 4-002 Li Ka Shing Center for Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
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Uddin S, Hussain AR, Khan OS, Al-Kuraya KS. Role of dysregulated expression of leptin and leptin receptors in colorectal carcinogenesis. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:871-9. [PMID: 24014051 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1166-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a multifunctional adipose-derived cytokine that plays a critical role in bodyweight homeostasis and energy balance. Plasma level of leptin is an indicator of the amount of energy stored in adipose tissues. Recently, leptin and leptin receptor dysregulation have been reported in a variety of malignant cells including colorectal cancers (CRCs). There are growing evidence that leptin may be the link between obesity and CRC carcinogenesis. Leptin influence the growth and proliferation of cancer cells via activation of various growth and survival signaling pathways including JAK/STAT, PI3-kinase/AKT, and/or MAP kinases. In this review, current understanding of leptin and its receptor's roles in the pathogenesis of colonogenic cancer has been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Uddin
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC#98-16, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia,
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