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Vasconcelos MPA, Sánchez-Arcila JC, Peres L, de Sousa PSF, Castro-Alves J, Albuquerque HG, Mendes-Correa MC, Maia-Herzog M, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Villar LM, Oliveira-Ferreira J. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B, C, and D and associated factors in the semi-isolated Yanomami Amazonian indigenous community. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:15. [PMID: 38166687 PMCID: PMC10762995 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08928-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral hepatitis is a significant health concern among indigenous population in the Americas. In Brazil, reports find high endemicity of HBV and HDV infections has been reported in several indigenous groups. However, few studies have documented the prevalence of HBV, HCV and HDV in the Yanomami. In this study, the prevalence of hepatitis B, C, and D serological markers and potential risk factors were investigated to provide guidance for the development of strategies aimed at reducing viral transmission in the Yanomami indigenous villages. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out in March 2015 and included 430 individuals from four Yanomami villages: Alapusi (n = 78), Castanha/Ahima (n = 126), Gasolina (n = 105), and Taibrapa (n = 121). A rapid test was used for detection of HBsAg and anti-HCV and chemiluminescent immunoassay for anti-HBs, anti-HBc, and anti-HDV antibodies. RESULTS HBsAg, anti-HBc, and anti-HBs were detected in 8.8, 45.5, and 49.4% of the participants, respectively. The estimated HBV status: current infection 9.6% (38/395); resolved infection 43.3% (171/395); vaccine immunity 20.5% (81/395), and susceptible to HBV 26.6% (105/395). Gasolina presented the lowest prevalence of HBV infection (6.5%) and the highest prevalence of vaccine immunity (26.9%). Children < 15 years old were highly susceptible to infection, as 53.1% did not have antibodies to HBV, while more than 80% of individuals over 45 years of age had been exposed to HBV. The markers for HDV were founded among 12.5% (4/32) of the HBsAg carriers. Anti-HCV was identified in all villages, with the highest prevalence in Alapusi (5.1%). Possible risk factors such as the use of piercings, tattoos, and contact with prospectors showed no statistical difference between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Viral hepatitis B and serological markers for HCV and HDV were found to be widely distributed among the Yanomami indigenous community, while the prevalence of vaccine immunity to HBV was low. This finding reinforces the importance of promoting systematized diagnostic and vaccination strategies in indigenous communities. Our data confirm that isolated and difficult-to-reach indigenous communities lack appropriate access to diagnosis, treatment, and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Pinheiro Alves Vasconcelos
- Centro de Medicina Tropical de Rondônia - CEMETRON, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juan Camilo Sánchez-Arcila
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Peres
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Júlio Castro-Alves
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Cássia Mendes-Correa
- Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marilza Maia-Herzog
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Simulídeos, Oncocercose e Mansonelose, Coleção de Simulídeos do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lia Laura Lewis-Ximenez
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lívia Melo Villar
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Joseli Oliveira-Ferreira
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Santos Alves FAGD, Nogueira Lima FDS, Ribeiro JR, Roca TP, Santos ADOD, Botelho Souza LF, Villalobos-Salcedo JM, Vieira DS. Genetic diversity of HBV in indigenous populations on the border between Brazil and Bolivia. Braz J Infect Dis 2022; 26:102700. [PMID: 36088957 PMCID: PMC9513627 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2022.102700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Castro-Arroyave DM, Martínez-Gallego JA, Montoya-Guzmán M, Silva G, Rojas Arbeláez CA. [Hepatitis B in indigenous people in Latin America: a literature reviewHepatite B em indígenas na América Latina: revisão da literatura]. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2022; 46:e22. [PMID: 35350451 PMCID: PMC8942283 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2022.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo. Identificar publicaciones realizadas entre los años 2000 y 2020 sobre hepatitis B en indígenas de América Latina, con el fin de conocer avances y vacíos en el tema durante los últimos 20 años. Métodos. Revisión exploratoria y síntesis rápida de la evidencia. El proceso de organización documental se realizó con los programas Excel® y Rayyan®. Resultados. Se seleccionaron 30 de 107 artículos encontrados, 17 corresponden a estudios epidemiológicos, 10 a revisiones documentales, dos estudios clínicos y una carta al editor. Brasil fue el país con más publicaciones (50%), la mayoría con enfoque epidemiológico. La temática más abordada fue la medición de prevalencia de la infección por hepatitis B con 22 publicaciones, le siguieron 11 estudios que informan resultados de estudios moleculares del virus, siete estudios sobre vacunación, cinco estudios sobre factores de riesgo y cuatro publicaciones con temas como la transmisión vertical y estudios sociales. Conclusión. En comparación con revisiones previas realizadas por otros autores, se observa una mayor diversidad en los temas y métodos de investigación utilizados; sin embargo, aún prevalecen los enfoques epidemiológicos convencionales centrados en la medición de la prevalencia de marcadores serológicos. Esto hace necesario encarar otro tipo de investigaciones centradas en los determinantes socioculturales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana María Castro-Arroyave
- Grupo de Estudio en Pedagogía, Infancia y Desarrollo Humano Facultad de Educación Universidad de Antioquia Colombia Grupo de Estudio en Pedagogía, Infancia y Desarrollo Humano, Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Jaime Alberto Martínez-Gallego
- Grupo Epidemiología Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública Universidad de Antioquia Colombia Grupo Epidemiología, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Melissa Montoya-Guzmán
- Grupo Gastrohepatología Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Antioquia Colombia Grupo Gastrohepatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Gustavo Silva
- Empresa Social del Estado Red de Servicios de Salud de Primer Nivel Guaviare Colombia Empresa Social del Estado Red de Servicios de Salud de Primer Nivel, Guaviare, Colombia
| | - Carlos Alberto Rojas Arbeláez
- Grupo Epidemiología Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública Universidad de Antioquia Colombia Grupo Epidemiología, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia
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Pujol F, Jaspe RC, Loureiro CL, Chemin I. Hepatitis B virus American genotypes: Pathogenic variants ? Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2020; 44:825-835. [PMID: 32553521 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2020.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronic infection is responsible for almost 900.000 deaths each year, due to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Ten HBV genotypes have been described (A-J). HBV genotype F and H circulate in America. HBV genotypes have been further classified in subgenotypes. There is a strong correlation between the genetic admixture of the American continent and the frequency of genotypes F or H: a high frequency of these genotypes is found in countries with a population with a higher ratio of Amerindian to African genetic admixture. The frequency of occult HBV infection in Amerindian communities from Latin America seems to be higher than the one found in other HBV-infected groups, but its association with American genotypes is unknown. There is growing evidence that some genotypes might be associated with a faster evolution to HCC. In particular, HBV genotype F has been implicated in a frequent and rapid progression to HCC. However, HBV genotype H has been associated to a less severe progression of disease. This study reviews the diversity and frequency of autochthonous HBV variants in the Americas and evaluates their association to severe progression of disease. Although no significant differences were found in the methylation pattern between different genotypes and subgenotypes of the American types, basal core promoter mutations might be more frequent in some subgenotypes, such as F1b and F2, than in other American subgenotypes or genotype H. F1b and probably F2 may be associated with a severe presentation of liver disease as opposed to a more benign course for subgenotype F4 and genotype H. Thus, preliminary evidence suggests that not all of the American variants are associated with a rapid progression to HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flor Pujol
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, CMBC, IVIC, Apdo 20632, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela.
| | - Rossana C Jaspe
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, CMBC, IVIC, Apdo 20632, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela
| | - Carmen L Loureiro
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, CMBC, IVIC, Apdo 20632, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela
| | - Isabelle Chemin
- INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, centre Léon Bérard, centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France
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Villar LM, Milagres FAP, Lampe E, Cruz HM, Scalioni LDP, Magalhães MDAFM, Romão AR, Gracie R, de Paula VS. Determination of hepatitis B, C and D prevalence among urban and Amerindian populations from the Eastern Brazilian Amazon: a cross sectional study. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:411. [PMID: 30126364 PMCID: PMC6102873 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3279-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HDV in urban populations and Amerindians living in the state of Tocantins (Eastern Amazon). Methods A total of 948 individuals were recruited in Tocantinopolis city (Tocantins state) of whom 603 were Amerindians (from 6 tribes) and 345 were non-Amerindians (6 urban areas of Tocantinópolis city). Anti-HCV, HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs, anti-HBc IgM, anti-HBe, HBeAg, and anti-delta antibodies were determined using enzyme immunoassay. Results HBV cleared infection (both anti-HBc/anti-HBs+), chronic inactive/immune controlled HBV infection (anti-HBc + only), previous HBV vaccination (anti-HBs + only), active HBV infection (HBsAg+), individuals susceptible to HBV, and anti-HCV reactivity were found in 12.9, 1.8, 27.2, 0.5, 57.7, 1.2% in Amerindians and 12.1, 2.0, 37.1, 0.3, 55.4, 0.3% in non-Amerindians respectively. Out of 139 anti-HBc reactive individuals, 70 were anti-HBe reactive and none presented HBeAg or anti-HBc IgM. Anti-HBc prevalence was associated to older age (p < 0.0001). Overall anti-Delta prevalence was 0.3% and regarding anti-HBc reactive individuals, anti-delta prevalence was 3.4 and 0% in Amerindians and non-Amerindians respectively. Conclusions Overall low prevalence of HBV and HCV infection was found in the populations studied, but high HBV and HCV prevalence was observed in Amerindians compared to non-Amerindians suggesting that these individuals have a higher likelihood of acquiring to these infections. Anti-delta antibodies were found among Amerindians from Eastern Amazon suggesting a risk for this population. Of note is that nearly half of Amerindians had no anti-HBs, indicating a need for HBV vaccination campaigns in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Melo Villar
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Helio and Peggy Pereira Pavillion - Ground Floor - Room B09, FIOCRUZ Av. Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos -, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 210360-040, Brazil.
| | | | - Elisabeth Lampe
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Helio and Peggy Pereira Pavillion - Ground Floor - Room B09, FIOCRUZ Av. Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos -, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 210360-040, Brazil
| | - Helena Medina Cruz
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Helio and Peggy Pereira Pavillion - Ground Floor - Room B09, FIOCRUZ Av. Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos -, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 210360-040, Brazil
| | - Leticia de Paula Scalioni
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Helio and Peggy Pereira Pavillion - Ground Floor - Room B09, FIOCRUZ Av. Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos -, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 210360-040, Brazil
| | | | - Anselmo Rocha Romão
- Laboratory of Information in Health, Institute of Communication and technological and scientific information in Health (ICICT), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata Gracie
- Laboratory of Information in Health, Institute of Communication and technological and scientific information in Health (ICICT), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Sousa DDD, Silva CRDS, Lima Junior WP, Barros JDA, Nascimento IADS, Souza VCD, Naveca FG, Granja F. Phylogenetic analysis and genotype distribution of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) in Roraima, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2018; 60:e35. [PMID: 30043939 PMCID: PMC6056886 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201860035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious global health problem. HBV has a
high viral genetic diversity, with 10 genotypes recognized. In Brazil, the
Roraima State is the third in the Northern region regarding the number of
hepatitis B cases. On the other hand, few data on HBV genotyping and
phylogenetic analysis are available. The purpose of this study is to
characterize the HBV genotypes circulating in Roraima State. Of the 113 chronic
hepatitis B patients enrolled in this study, 40 were HBV-DNA positive. A
fragment of 280 bp (S gene) was amplified by PCR and submitted to nucleotide
sequencing. A dataset containing the viral sequences obtained in this study,
plus 130 obtained from GenBank was used for genotyping by phylogenetic analysis.
The HBV subgenotype distribution found was A1 (62.5%), A2 (7.5%), D2, D3, D4
(2.5%), F2a (12.5%), and F3 (10%). We characterized the genotypes and
subgenotypes of HBV circulating among patients in the State of Roraima. In
addition, our study shows for the first time the HBV/F3 genotype circulating in
Brazil. In conclusion, our findings showed a high diversity of HBV genotypes in
Roraima, which is also found in other Brazilian geographical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Dinelly de Sousa
- Universidade Federal de Roraima, Centro de Estudos da Biodiversidade, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazil
| | - Claudiane Raquel de Sousa Silva
- Universidade Federal de Roraima, Centro de Estudos da Biodiversidade, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazil
| | - Wilson Pereira Lima Junior
- Universidade Federal de Roraima, Centro de Estudos da Biodiversidade, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline de Aguiar Barros
- Departamento de Vigilância Epidemiológica, Coordenação Geral de Vigilância em Saúde, SESAU/RR, Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazil
| | | | | | - Felipe Gomes Naveca
- Fiocruz-Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Granja
- Universidade Federal de Roraima, Centro de Estudos da Biodiversidade, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazil
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de Castro Sant' Anna C, de Almeida MKC, Ferreira P, de Oliveira RG, Ferreira Baraúna AR, Costa Gonçalvez E, Marinho da Silva A, de Souza Pereira C, Martins LC. Prevalence of occult hepatitis B in a population from the Brazilian Amazon region. J Med Virol 2018; 90:1063-1070. [PMID: 29446468 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated the prevalence of occult hepatitis B (OBI) in a population from the Brazilian Amazon region, identify circulating genotypes, and mutations in the S gene. One hundred eighty-one patients with negative serology for HBsAg and anti-HBs and positive serology for anti-HBc participated in the study. Detection of viral DNA, genotyping by sequencing, and analysis of nucleotide sequences to detect possible mutations were performed. HBV DNA was detected in 14.36% of the patients. Genotyping revealed genotype A in 88.46% of HBV DNA-positive subjects, with subgenotype A1 being the most prevalent (78.26%) followed by subgenotype A2 (21.74%). Genotype F was detected in 11.54% (all of them subgenotype F2). Amino acid substitutions were observed in the amplified S gene in individuals with OBI compared to HBsAg-positive individuals (evident infection). In conclusion, the results show a high prevalence of OBI in the population studied, with a pattern of genotypes A and F that circulate in the Brazilian Amazon region. Amino acid substitutions were detected in part of the S gene in patients with OBI. Further studies on the molecular epidemiology of HBV in this region are important to identify patients considered healthy but who are potential transmitters of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla de Castro Sant' Anna
- Laboratório de Patologia de Doenças Tropicais, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Marcella Kelly Costa de Almeida
- Laboratório de Patologia de Doenças Tropicais, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Ferreira
- Laboratório de Patologia de Doenças Tropicais, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Roseane Gomes de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Patologia de Doenças Tropicais, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Anna Rafaella Ferreira Baraúna
- Laboratório de Patologia de Doenças Tropicais, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea Marinho da Silva
- Laboratório de Patologia de Doenças Tropicais, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Carolina de Souza Pereira
- Laboratório de Patologia de Doenças Tropicais, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Luisa Caricio Martins
- Laboratório de Patologia de Doenças Tropicais, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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Lampe E, Mello FCA, do Espírito-Santo MP, Oliveira CMC, Bertolini DA, Gonçales NSL, Moreira RC, Fernandes CAS, Nascimento HCL, Grotto RMT, Pardini MIMC, On Behalf Of The Brazilian Hepatitis B Research Group. Nationwide overview of the distribution of hepatitis B virus genotypes in Brazil: a 1000-sample multicentre study. J Gen Virol 2017. [PMID: 28631602 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes in the natural history of the disease and its response to antiviral treatment have been addressed in many studies. In Brazil, studies on HBV genotype circulation have been restricted to specific population groups and states. Here, we have conducted a nationwide multicentre study with an unprecedented sample size representing all Brazilian regions in an effort to better understand the viral variants of HBV circulating among chronic carriers. Seven HBV genotypes were found circulating in Brazil. Overall, HBV/A was the most prevalent, identified in 589 (58.7 %) samples, followed by HBV/D (23.4 %) and HBV/F (11.3 %). Genotypes E, G, C and B were found in a minor proportion. The distribution of the genotypes differed markedly from the north to the south of the country. While HBV/A was the most prevalent in the North (71.6 %) and Northeast (65.0 %) regions, HBV/D was found in 78.9 % of the specimens analysed in the South region. HBV/F was the second most prevalent genotype in the Northeast region (23.5 %). It was detected in low proportions (7 to 10 %) in the North, Central-West and Southeast regions, and in only one sample in the South region. HBV/E was detected in all regions except in the South, while monoinfection with HBV/G was found countrywide, with the exception of Central-West states. Our sampling covered 24 of the 26 Brazilian states and the Federal District and is the first report of genotype distribution in seven states. This nationwide study provides the most complete overview of HBV genotype distribution in Brazil to date and reflects the origin and plurality of the Brazilian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Lampe
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Francisco C A Mello
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Cintia M C Oliveira
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Dennis A Bertolini
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Departamento de Análise Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Neiva S L Gonçales
- Laboratório do Grupo de Estudo das Hepatites, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Regina C Moreira
- Laboratório de Hepatites, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rejane M T Grotto
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (FCA), Campus de Botucatu, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.,Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Medicina (FMB), Divisão Hemocentro, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Campus de Botucatu, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Inês M C Pardini
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Medicina (FMB), Divisão Hemocentro, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Campus de Botucatu, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Godoy BA, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, Zagonel-Oliveira M, Alvarado-Mora MV, Salzano FM, Pinho JRR, Fagundes NJR. High prevalence of HBV/A1 subgenotype in native south Americans may be explained by recent economic developments in the Amazon. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 43:354-63. [PMID: 27267305 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Native American populations present the highest prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection in the Americas, which may be associated to severe disease outcomes. Ten HBV genotypes (A–J) have been described, displaying a remarkable geographic structure, which most likely reflects historic patterns of human migrations. In this study, we characterize the HBV strains circulating in a historical sample of Native South Americans to characterize the historical viral dynamics in this population. The sample consisted of 1070 individuals belonging to 38 populations collected between 1965 and 1997. Presence of HBV DNA was checked by quantitative real-time PCR, and determination of HBV genotypes and subgenotypes was performed through sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of a fragment including part of HBsAg and Pol coding regions (S/Pol). A Bayesian Skyline Plot analysis was performed to compare the viral population dynamics of HBV/A1 strains found in Native Americans and in the general Brazilian population. A total of 109 individuals were positive for HBV DNA (~ 10%), and 70 samples were successfully sequenced and genotyped. Subgenotype A1 (HBV/A1), related to African populations and the African slave trade, was the most prevalent (66–94%). The Skyline Plot analysis showed a marked population expansion of HBV/A1 in Native Americans occurring more recently (1945–1965) than in the general Brazilian population. Our results suggest that historic processes that contributed to formation of HBV/A1 circulating in Native American are related with more recent migratory waves towards the Amazon basin, which generated a different viral dynamics in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibiane A Godoy
- Genetics Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Michele S Gomes-Gouvêa
- Laboratory of Tropical Gastroenterology and Hepatology "João Alves de Queiroz and Castorina Bittencourt Alves", Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Zagonel-Oliveira
- Genetics Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; VIZLab - Advanced Visualization Laboratory, UNISINOS, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil
| | - Mónica V Alvarado-Mora
- Laboratory of Tropical Gastroenterology and Hepatology "João Alves de Queiroz and Castorina Bittencourt Alves", Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco M Salzano
- Genetics Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - João R R Pinho
- Laboratory of Tropical Gastroenterology and Hepatology "João Alves de Queiroz and Castorina Bittencourt Alves", Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nelson J R Fagundes
- Genetics Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Crispim MAE, Fraiji NA, Campello SC, Schriefer NA, Stefani MMA, Kiesslich D. Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B and hepatitis delta viruses circulating in the Western Amazon region, North Brazil. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14:94. [PMID: 24555665 PMCID: PMC3936897 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis D virus (HDV) represent important public health problems in the Western Amazon region with reported cases of fulminant hepatitis. This cross sectional study describes HBV and HDV genotypes circulating in the Brazilian Amazon region. Methods HBsAg positive individuals (n = 224) were recruited in Manaus/Amazonas State (130 blood donors from the Hematology and Hemotherapy Foundation from Amazonas/HEMOAM; 60 subjects from outpatient clinic) and in Eirunepe city (n = 34) from 2003–2009. Most participants (n = 153) lived in Manaus, 63 were from 20 remote isolated municipalities, 8 lived outside Amazonas State. Genotyping was based on PCR products: HBV genotype A-F specific primers, restricted length polymorphism for HDV. HDV isolates were directly sequenced (delta antigen 405 nucleotide fragment) and phylogenetic analysis performed (MEGA; neighbor-joining, Kimura’s two parameter). Results Most participants were young adult males and HBV mono-infection predominated (70.5%, 158/224). Among blood donors, outpatient subjects and individuals from Eirunepe, HBV/A prevailed followed by HBV/D and F (p > 0.05). HBV/A was more frequent in blood donors (p < 0.05). HBV-HDV coinfection rate was 8.5% in blood donors (11/130), 65.0% (39/60) in outpatient subjects and 47.0% (16/34) in individuals from Eirunepe. Compared to blood donors, coinfection was higher in outpatient subjects (65.0% versus 8.5%; RR = 5.0; CI 3.4-7.9; p < 0.0001) and in subjects from Eirunepe (47.0% versus 8.5%; RR = 5.5; CI 3.0-9.9; p < 0.0001). HBV-HDV coinfection rates were higher in patients from highly endemic remote cities. Only HDV genotype 3 was detected, HBV/F-HDV/3 predominated (20/38; 52.7%), followed by HBV/A-HDV/3 (31.6%; 12/38) and HBV/D-HDV/3 (15.8%; 6/38). Conclusions The description of HBV and HDV genotypes circulating in the western Amazon can contribute to a better understanding of their relevance on the regional epidemics. These infections are highly endemic in the Amazon where their control is challenged by its vast territorial dimension with small, hard-to-reach municipalities dispersed into the jungle and populated by diverse ethnic groups.
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Mello FCA, Araujo OC, Lago BV, Motta-Castro ARC, Moraes MTB, Gomes SA, Bello G, Araujo NM. Phylogeography and evolutionary history of hepatitis B virus genotype F in Brazil. Virol J 2013; 10:236. [PMID: 23855930 PMCID: PMC3751091 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype F (HBV/F) is considered to be indigenous to the Americas, but its emergence and spread in the continent remain unknown. Previously, only two HBV/F complete genome sequences from Brazil were available, limiting the contribution of Brazilian isolates to the phylogenetic studies of HBV/F. The present study was carried out to assess the proportion and geographic distributions of HBV/F subgenotypes in Brazil, to determine the full-length genomic sequences of HBV/F isolates from different Brazilian geographic regions, and to investigate the detailed evolutionary history and phylogeography of HBV/F in Brazil. Methods Complete HBV/F genomes isolated from 12 Brazilian patients, representing the HBV/F subgenotypes circulating in Brazil, were sequenced and analyzed together with sequences retrieved from GenBank, using the Bayesian coalescent and phylogeographic framework. Results Phylogenetic analysis using all Brazilian HBV/F S-gene sequences available in GenBank showed that HBV/F2a is found at higher frequencies countrywide and corresponds to all sequences isolated in the Brazilian Amazon Basin. In addition, the evolutionary analysis using complete genome sequences estimated an older median ancestral age for the Brazilian HBV/F2a compared to the Brazilian HBV/F1b and HBV/F4 subgenotypes, suggesting that HBV/F2a represents the original native HBV of Brazil. The phylogeographic patterns suggested a north-to-south flow of HBV/F2a from Venezuela to Brazil, whereas HBV/F1b and HBV/F4 strains appeared to have spread from Argentina to Brazil. Conclusions This study suggests a plausible route of introduction of HBV/F subgenotypes in Brazil and demonstrates the usefulness of recently developed computational tools for investigating the evolutionary history of HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco C A Mello
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Moura IF, Lopes EP, Alvarado-Mora MV, Pinho JR, Carrilho FJ. Phylogenetic analysis and subgenotypic distribution of the hepatitis B virus in Recife, Brazil. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2012; 14:195-9. [PMID: 23268113 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2012.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of the genomes of the hepatitis B virus in human hosts identifies phylogenetic variants called viral genotypes. Indeed, clinical and epidemiological observations suggest that differences in viral genotypes lead to distinct biological and clinical behaviors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the subgenotypic distribution and to conduct a phylogenetic analysis by Bayesian method of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) in patients from Recife, Brazil. From July 2009 to December 2010, 60 HBV infected patients were examined, 39 (65%) were males, whose mean age was 50years old. 33 (55%) were genotyped by obtaining and amplifying a 1306bp fragment comprising part of the DNA polymerase and the surface antigen of the HBV. The sequencing was performed on an ABI 3500 Automatic Sequencer and the consensus sequences were obtained by aligning both the sequenced strands (clockwise and anti-clockwise) using SEQUENCHER software. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation implemented by Bayesian evolutionary method by sampling trees. The following subgenotypic distribution was observed: A1 (79%), F2a (12%), A2 (6%) and F4 (3%) as was that those identified as subgenotype A1 were in the same cluster in the phylogenetic tree. In this study, the majority of patients presented the A1 subgenotype from the same viral strain. As per the distribution in the phylogenetic tree by Bayesian method, possibly this subgenotype was in the genetic make-up of Africans brought in centuries past to Brazil as slaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izolda Fernandes Moura
- Central Laboratory of the Hospital das Clínicas, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil
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Castilho MDC, Oliveira CMCD, Gimaque JBDL, Leão JDT, Braga WSM. Epidemiology and molecular characterization of hepatitis B virus infection in isolated villages in the Western Brazilian Amazon. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2012; 87:768-74. [PMID: 22908032 PMCID: PMC3516333 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.12-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals from three isolated, rural communities in the western Brazilian Amazon were evaluated for serological markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, HBV genotype, and the presence of risk factors for infection and transmission. Of the 225 individuals studied, 79.1% had serological evidence of HBV infection; 10.2% individuals were chronic carriers for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg-positive). Analysis of risk factors indicates that HBV is transmitted mainly horizontally within the family from a chronic "active" carrier for hepatitis B "e" antigen (HBeAg-positive), though a strong possibility of vertical transmission remains. The predominance of HBV genotype F, with a higher genomic similarity between the isolates, indicated a relatively recent introduction of HBV, from a common source, to the area. This study sheds light on the HBV epidemiology in the Brazilian Amazon region and highlights the need for greater emphasis on HBV control and immunization programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia da Costa Castilho
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Gerência de Virologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Tropicais e Infecciosas Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
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