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Campião KM, Rico JADL, de Souza Monteiro G, Ash LV, Teixeira CP, Gotelli NJ. High prevalence and concomitant infection of Ranavirus and Eustrongylides sp. in the invasive American Bullfrog in Brazil. Parasitol Int 2024; 100:102875. [PMID: 38417736 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2024.102875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
American Bullfrogs, Aquarana catesbeiana, are invasive anuran species distributed worldwide. One of the adverse impacts that this species causes in native communities is as a reservoir host for pathogens and parasites. Here, we report the coinfection of two pathogenic organisms in A. catesbeiana: Ranavirus and the nematode Eustrongylides. Bullfrogs were collected in the wild in a pond close to the urban area of São Paulo, Brazil. The prevalence of both pathogens was high: 77% were infected with ranavirus with a mean viral load of 1010.3 viral copies, and 100% of the bullfrogs were infected by Eustrongylides sp. with a mean intensity of infection of 13.4 specimens per host. Four host specimens (31%) presented pathological signs that seemed to be related to the Eustrongylides sp. infection, such as internal organs adhered to each other due to high intensity and large size of the nematodes, ulcers, and raw flesh wounds caused by the nematode. The pathogenic and concomitant infections have potential zoonotic implications and raise concerns about human infection risks for Eustrongylides infection. Moreover, such infections may represent an additional level of threat to native communities through the potential shifts in patterns of parasite and pathogen transmission. Future research involving the native anuran community is essential to ascertain whether invasive bullfrogs are attenuating or exacerbating diseases such as ranavirosis and eustrongylidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Magalhães Campião
- Biological interactions Lab, Department of Zoology Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Lauren V Ash
- University of Vermont, Department of Biology, 109 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT 05403, USA
| | - Cauê Pinheiro Teixeira
- Biological interactions Lab, Department of Zoology Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Nicholas J Gotelli
- University of Vermont, Department of Biology, 109 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT 05403, USA
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Di Maggio M, Coltraro M, Tinacci L, Guardone L, Ricci E, Corradini C, Susini F, Armani A. Mapping the occurrence of Eustrongylides spp. in fish species caught from six lakes in Central Italy (Tuscany and Latium regions): Implications for local fishery supply chains. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30733. [PMID: 38765103 PMCID: PMC11101832 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In the present study, in order to expand the knowledge on the distribution of parasites of the genus Eustrongylides in never investigated Italian lacustrine areas of Tuscany and Latium, fish specimens from four Tuscan lakes (Bilancino, Chiusi, Montedoglio and San Cipriano) and two Latium lakes (Bolsena and Bracciano) were collected and analyzed. The parasitological analysis, consisting of a visual inspection followed by a chloro-peptic digestion, was performed on 1650 specimens belonging to 17 species: European perch (Perca fluviatilis), Pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus), Pike-perch (Sander lucioperca), Largemouth black bass (Micropterus salmoides), Pike (Esox lucius), Big-scale sand smelt (Atherina boyeri), Tench (Tinca), European Whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus), Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), Chub (Squalius cephalus), Rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus), Common bleak (Alburnus alborella), South European roach (Sarmarutilus rubilio), South European nase (Protochondrostoma genei), Italian riffle dace (Telestes muticellus), Goldfish (Carassius auratus), and Freshwater bream (Abramis brama). Eustrongylides spp. larvae were only found in one specimen of European perch caught in Bracciano Lake and purchased from a local fishmonger (P = 3.3%; MI = 1; MA = 0.03). The only isolated Eustrongylides spp. larva was submitted to molecular analysis of the ITS gene region and identified as E. excisus. This finding adds Bracciano Lake to the list of the several Italian lakes in which nematodes belonging to this genus have been reported. Even if the observed prevalence is currently low, the presence of the parasite in this local freshwater fish supply chain requires FBOs to adopt risk management measures to prevent contaminated products from reaching final consumer. Moreover, future investigations will show if the parasite expands in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Di Maggio
- FishLab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale Delle Piagge 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Miriana Coltraro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Del Lazio e Della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, S.S. Dell’Abetone e Del Brennero 4, 56123, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lara Tinacci
- FishLab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale Delle Piagge 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lisa Guardone
- FishLab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale Delle Piagge 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D’Aosta, SS Genova-Portualità, Piazza Borgo Pila 39/24, 16129, Genoa, Italy
| | - Enrica Ricci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Del Lazio e Della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, S.S. Dell’Abetone e Del Brennero 4, 56123, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlo Corradini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Del Lazio e Della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, Via Appia Nuova, 1411 - 00178, Roma, RO, Italy
| | - Francesca Susini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Del Lazio e Della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, S.S. Dell’Abetone e Del Brennero 4, 56123, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Armani
- FishLab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale Delle Piagge 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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Menconi V, Lazzaro E, Bertola M, Guardone L, Mazzucato M, Prearo M, Bilska-Zajac E, Cortinovis L, Manfrin A, Arcangeli G, Angeloni G. The Occurrence of Freshwater Fish-Borne Zoonotic Helminths in Italy and Neighbouring Countries: A Systematic Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3793. [PMID: 38136832 PMCID: PMC10741178 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the consumption of fish products has surged in European countries, being an essential part of a healthy diet. Despite representing a small part of EU production, freshwater fisheries hold considerable significance for lake-dwelling populations and tourists seeking traditional dishes. This increased fish consumption has brought to light potential health risks associated with fish-borne zoonotic helminths (FBZHs), now acknowledged as global food-borne parasites. Fish-borne zoonotic helminths belong to various taxonomic groups, including nematodes (Anisakidae), trematodes (Opisthorchiidae and Heterophyidae), and cestodes (Diphyllobothriidae). More than 50 species of FBZH are known to cause human infections, derived from eating raw or undercooked aquatic foods containing viable parasites. Despite increased attention, FBZHs remain relatively neglected compared to other food-borne pathogens due to factors like chronic disease progression and under-diagnosis. This systematic review concentrates on the prevalence of six freshwater FBZHs (Clinostomum complanatum, Contracaecum rudolphii, Dibothriocephalus latus, Eustrongylides excisus, Opisthorchis felineus, and Pseudamphistomum truncatum) in Italy and neighbouring countries. The study explores the expansion of these parasites, analysing their biological and epidemiological aspects, and the factors that influence their proliferation, such as the increased cormorant population and the lake eutrophication phenomena. In summary, this research highlights the necessity for further research, the development of spatial databases, and the establishment of a unified European policy to effectively manage these multifaceted health concerns. It strongly advocates adopting a One-Health approach to address the growing incidence of parasitic zoonoses within the context of food safety in EU countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasco Menconi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università, 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (V.M.); (E.L.); (M.M.); (L.C.); (A.M.); (G.A.); (G.A.)
| | - Elena Lazzaro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università, 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (V.M.); (E.L.); (M.M.); (L.C.); (A.M.); (G.A.); (G.A.)
| | - Michela Bertola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università, 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (V.M.); (E.L.); (M.M.); (L.C.); (A.M.); (G.A.); (G.A.)
| | - Lisa Guardone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle D’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy (M.P.)
| | - Matteo Mazzucato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università, 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (V.M.); (E.L.); (M.M.); (L.C.); (A.M.); (G.A.); (G.A.)
| | - Marino Prearo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle D’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy (M.P.)
| | - Ewa Bilska-Zajac
- Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow Avenue 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland;
| | - Luana Cortinovis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università, 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (V.M.); (E.L.); (M.M.); (L.C.); (A.M.); (G.A.); (G.A.)
| | - Amedeo Manfrin
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università, 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (V.M.); (E.L.); (M.M.); (L.C.); (A.M.); (G.A.); (G.A.)
| | - Giuseppe Arcangeli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università, 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (V.M.); (E.L.); (M.M.); (L.C.); (A.M.); (G.A.); (G.A.)
| | - Giorgia Angeloni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università, 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (V.M.); (E.L.); (M.M.); (L.C.); (A.M.); (G.A.); (G.A.)
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Franceschini R, Valiani A, Ranucci D, Roila R, Palma G, Agnetti F, Di Giacinto G, Branciari R. Eustrongylides spp. parasite risk management in Atherina boyeri from Lake Trasimeno. Ital J Food Saf 2023; 12:11338. [PMID: 37753206 PMCID: PMC10518831 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2023.11338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherina boyeri is the primary source of fishing profit in Lake Trasimeno and a common host for Eustrongylides spp. larvae. The presence of Eustrongylides in fish is a public health concern, and effective risk management procedures are necessary to guarantee that infected products do not reach the market. Currently, in the European Union, there is no official sampling plan for fresh fish that defines sample size, inspection methods, and criteria for accepting or rejecting the product. An approach to Eustrongylides risk management is proposed in this study. A total of 270 batches of A. boyeri, each consisting of 29 specimens, were collected and examined visually in 3 years (2020-2023). The prevalence of the parasite was 20% in 2020, and in the first months of 2021, it grew up to ⁓40%, then dropped to 12.50% in December 2021 and settled at 16% in February 2022. In January and February 2023, the prevalence fell below 1%. The mean abundance was calculated and used to establish a threshold value to determine fish marketability. In 2020 and 2021, several batches were judged not marketable, and in some batches, a freezing treatment was implemented to ensure the inactivation of the parasite. In the last months of 2022 and in January and February of 2023, the presence of parasites in captured fish was negligible, and this allowed the marketability of fish as fresh. The proposed sampling plan was effective in preventing the commercialization of potentially hazardous products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Valiani
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Umbria and Marche Togo Rosati, Perugia
| | - David Ranucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia
| | - Rossana Roila
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia
| | | | - Francesco Agnetti
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Umbria and Marche Togo Rosati, Perugia
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Shamsi S, Francis N, Masiga J, Barton DP, Zhu X, Pearce L, McLellan M. Occurrence and characterisation of Eustrongylides species in Australian native birds and fish. Food Waterborne Parasitol 2023; 30:e00189. [PMID: 36874397 PMCID: PMC9975212 DOI: 10.1016/j.fawpar.2023.e00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In Australia, nematodes belonging to the genus Eustrongylides were believed to be endemic species until the late 20th century when they were all considered to be E. excisus, invalid or inquirendae. Although these nematodes have frequently been reported in Australian fish, reptiles, and birds and cause disease or mortality among them, there has been no attempt to date to characterise them genetically. Globally, also, no one has validated or defined suitable genetic markers to distinguish between species of Eustrongylides. In this study, adult Eustrongylides from little black cormorant (Phalacrocorax sulcirostris; n = 3) and larvae from mountain galaxias (Galaxias olidus, n = 2) and a Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii, n = 1), and a Murray cod-trout cod hybrids (Maccullochella peelii x Maccullochella macquariensis, n = 1) were available for morphological examination and molecular characterisation. The adult nematodes from cormorants were identified as E. excisus. Sequences of the 18S and ITS regions were then obtained for all nematodes, which were identical among all specimens (larvae and adults) and also identical to those of E. excisus available in the GenBank. However, only one base pair difference exists between the 18S sequences of E. excisus and E. ignotus, with limited sequences available in GenBank accompanied with proper morphological data for the nematodes. With that limitation in mind, identifying our specimens as E. excisus suggests spill-over - that it is an introduced parasite species that has successfully established its life cycle among Australian native species - may have occurred. Our study is the first report of E. excisus in the little black cormorant, P. sulcirostris. Our results do not exclude the possibility of the occurrence of other species of Eustrongylides, either native or exotic, in Australia. This parasite is zoonotic and with increasing demand for fish and changing dietary preferences, such as the consumption of raw or undercooked fish, its occurrence in the flesh of the fish is concerning. This parasite is also associated with anthropogenic habitat alteration affecting the reproductive success of the infected hosts. Therefore, awareness among the relevant authorities of the presence of the parasite in Australia and its adverse impact on native animals is crucial for the success of conservation plans such as fish recovery and relocation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokoofeh Shamsi
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Nidhish Francis
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia
| | - Juliet Masiga
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia
- Kenya Veterinary Vaccines Production Institute(KEVEVAPI), Road A off Enterprise Road, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Diane P. Barton
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia
| | - Xiaocheng Zhu
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Luke Pearce
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Fisheries, Habitat & Threatened Species Unit, Freshwater Environment Branch, Australia
| | - Matthew McLellan
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Fisheries and Aquaculture Management, Narrandera Fisheries Centre, Narrandera, NSW 2700, Australia
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Ondračková M, Tkachenko MY, Bartáková V, Bryjová A, Janáč M, Zięba G, Pyrzanowski K, Kvach Y. Population genetic structure, parasite infection and somatic condition of pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus (Actinopterygii: Centrarchidae) in the Oder river basin. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2023; 102:426-442. [PMID: 36403984 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In Poland, distribution of non-native pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus (Centrarchidae) is strictly limited to the Oder river basin, where it was introduced in the early 20th century. Recently, several populations have been found in waterbodies adjacent to the Oder, particularly in its lower reaches. In this study, we compare the genetic relatedness of populations in the Oder basin with other European populations using nuclear (microsatellite) and mitochondrial (partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I; cox1) markers. Microsatellite analysis indicated that four populations in the lower Oder form a separate cluster, while one in the middle Oder clustered with Danubian populations, from where probably having been introduced. Microsatellite data suggested that the lower Oder populations differ from other non-native European populations, making it impossible to estimate the source of introduction. Nevertheless, analysis of cox1 indicated that Oder pumpkinseeds belong to the same haplotype as the vast majority of European populations. Parasitological examination confirmed the presence of two North American species, the monogenean Onchocleidus dispar and trematode Posthodiplostomum centrarchi, in the lower Oder, both previously unknown in the region. Fifteen other parasite species were acquired, including glochidia of invasive Sinanodonta woodiana. In the middle Oder, parasite infection was more limited. Fish from the Gryfino Canal, considered one of the most invasive populations in Europe, showed the highest parasite abundance and diversity, and the highest somatic condition and growth rate due to warm water released from the Dolna Odra power plant. Our results highlight significant differences in somatic condition and parasite infection in long-established non-native pumpkinseed populations in the same river system, reflecting mainly environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markéta Ondračková
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Yu Tkachenko
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Bartáková
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Bryjová
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Janáč
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Grzegorz Zięba
- Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Kacper Pyrzanowski
- Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Yuriy Kvach
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Odessa, Ukraine
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Kundu I, Mandal DR. Identification of Larval Eustrongylides (Nematoda: Dioctophymatoidea) sp. from Channa punctata Bloch, 1793 by Morphological and Molecular Techniques. TURKIYE PARAZITOLOJII DERGISI 2022; 46:213-218. [PMID: 36094123 DOI: 10.4274/tpd.galenos.2022.41736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify the larval form of Eustrongylides sp. isolated from the visceral organs of Channa punctata (Bloch, 1793) using morphological and molecular methods. METHODS Fishes were collected from fish farms in Nadia and North 24 Paraganas for the collection of nematodes. The visceral organs were dissected and kept in 0.67% normal saline. Nematodes collected from the abdominal regions and visceral organs for light microscopy study were fixed in 70% ethanol. Morphological features were studied by placing the nematodes in lactophenol. The specimens were later preserved in 70% ethanol containing 5% glycerine. Specimens processed for scanning electron microscopy were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and postfixed in 1% osmium tetraoxide. Proper identification was done by using standard methology. Molecular studies were performed for the 18S rRNA, ITS1, 5.8S rRNA, ITS2 and 28S rRNA gene fragments using polymerase chain reaction amplification, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS The morphological characteristics of nematodes were described with the help of light and scanning electron microscopy. Additional features not described earlier like dimensions and shape of the cephalic papillae, absence of somatic papillae, presence of caudal papillae, were identified for the first time. Moreover, molecular studies with ITS regions further confirmed the identification of the nematode. CONCLUSION Thus the use of morphotaxonomy along with molecular techniques would help in proper identification of Eustrongylides sp infecting edible fish. Studies on the nematode would help toexplore the intermediate as well as paratenic hosts of the parasite. Data in this regard would contribute significantly to the fish database in regard to parasites infesting edible fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Kundu
- Barasat Government College, Department of Zoology, West Bengal, India
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Franceschini R, Guardone L, Armani A, Ranucci D, Roila R, Valiani A, Susini F, Branciari R. Five-years management of an emerging parasite risk (Eustrongylides sp., Nematoda) in a fishery supply chain located on Trasimeno Lake (Italy). Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.108858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Eustrongylides (Nematoda:Dioctophymatidae): Epizootology and Special Characteristics of The Development Biology. Helminthologia 2022; 59:127-142. [PMID: 36118372 PMCID: PMC9444202 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2022-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Eustrongylides spp. are the nematodes from the Dioctophymatidae family which are potentially dangerous for the mammal's heath. The first aim of the present research is to describe the biology, developmental characteristics and epizootology of the Eustrongylides spp. nematode. Eustrongylidosis is a parasitic disease commonly occurring in the countries with temperate continental, tropical and subtropical climate. The Eustrongylides spp. parasites are biohelmints with a complex life cycle. The development of the nematodes takes place in the aquatic environment and includes a vast range of intermediate, accidental and definitive hosts. It has also been reported in humans. The second aim of the research is to describe the clinical and pathomorphological changes in organs and tissues of the infected animals, and influence of biotic and abiotic factors on formation of the natural centers of spreading of eustrongylidosis; diagnostics of eustrongylidosis.
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Occurrence of Eustrongylides sp. (Nematoda: Dioctophymatidae) in Fish Species Collected in the Peruvian Amazonia and Its Implications for Public Health. Acta Parasitol 2022; 67:1432-1439. [PMID: 35639231 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-022-00574-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aims to report the occurrence of Eustrongylides sp. in some neotropical fish species commercialized in the Peruvian Amazonia. METHODS Samples of young farmed Arapaima gigas were collected from a fish farmer; young Brachyplatystoma tigrinum were acquired from a fish exporter and samples of adult specimens of Acestrorhynchus falcirostris, Pseudoplatystoma punctifer, Cichla monoculus, Hoplias malabaricus, Hydrolycus scomberoides, Raphiodon vulpinus, and Serrasalmus rhombeus were acquired from a fish market of Iquitos, Loreto-Peru. Samples were transported to the "Laboratorio de Parasiología y Sanidad Acuícola" from "Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana" located in Iquitos, Peru. RESULTS Larvae L4 of Eustrongylides sp. were found in the host body, in the muscle, and in the visceral cavity of studied fish species. Notorious damages were reported in young A. gigas (lumps in the muscle, inflammation and severe redness of the skin) and in young B. tigrinum (perforation of the abdominal cavity), while in adult specimens of the remaining species, no external damage was reported. CONCLUSION The presence of Eustrongylides sp. in various fish species collected in the city of Iquitos-Peru contributes to the distribution of this parasite in the Peruvian Amazon, reporting it, for the first time in this country. Its presence in the muscle of various fish species commercialized in fish markets, warm a possible public health concern and implications for their marketability in the city of Iquitos, Peru.
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Rusconi A, Prati P, Bragoni R, Castelli M, Postiglione U, Rigamonti S, Sassera D, Olivieri E. Occurrence of Eustrongylides excisus (Nematoda:Dioctophymatidae) in European Perch (Perca fluviatilis) and Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) in Lake Annone, Northern Italy. J Parasitol 2022; 108:209-216. [DOI: 10.1645/20-175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Rusconi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Prati
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Pavia Department, Strada Campeggi 59/61, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roldano Bragoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Pavia Department, Strada Campeggi 59/61, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Michele Castelli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Umberto Postiglione
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sara Rigamonti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Pavia Department, Strada Campeggi 59/61, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Davide Sassera
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Olivieri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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Genetic characterisation of Tanqua (von Linstow, 1879) (Nematoda: Gnathostomatidae) larval forms including new host and locality records. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2022; 17:127-132. [PMID: 35059288 PMCID: PMC8760434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In an unrelated study of spotted snakehead fish Channa punctata (Bloch) of family Channidae (N = 103) from Bangladesh, ten fish had taupe and clear coloured cysts attached to the intestinal mesentery. Investigation of the cysts revealed larval nematodes. The larvae were damaged and not suitable for detailed morphological study, however, key features such as tooth like projections of the pseudolabia and lateral pseudolabium were observed in specimens with undamaged cephalic regions. Molecular characterisation was undertaken and although the parasite genetic material was poor, five of the twelve nematode larvae through sequencing of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene, showed 98.17% match with sequences assigned for Tanqua tiara (accession number JF934728) deposited in GenBank. The prevalence of infection was 9.7% and the mean intensity 2.70. Tanqua has not previously been identified in fish, or from the definitive host, the Asian water monitor Varanus salvator (Laurenti, 1768) of family Varanidae (class Reptilia), in Bangladesh. Therefore, this study represents a new host and locality record for this nematode species. In many previous reports from this region, nematode larvae have been identified morphologically and assigned to a diverse range of nematode genera. Some confusion therefore exists regarding their accuracy and further investigations are required using molecular methodology to clarify the species of larval nematodes which infect edible fish in Bangladesh. Tanqua species identified from Channa punctata. New host and region record for Tanqua species in Bangladesh. Tanqua species identified using molecular methodology.
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Williams M, Hernandez-Jover M, Shamsi S. Parasites of zoonotic interest in selected edible freshwater fish imported to Australia. Food Waterborne Parasitol 2022; 26:e00138. [PMID: 34977391 PMCID: PMC8686024 DOI: 10.1016/j.fawpar.2021.e00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Australia imports a significant amount of edible freshwater fish. The safety of the imported product is therefore of great importance. Previous research has shown that certain types of edible freshwater fish imported into Australia are not compliant with Australian importation guidelines and additionally are contaminated with many species of parasites, some of which may cause illness in humans if consumed. The present study, to the best of authors knowledge, is the first to publish the occurrence of zoonotic parasites in edible fish imported into Australia. Eustrongylides sp. Jägerskiöld, 1909 (P. 15.5%), family Dioctophymidae; Euclinostomum sp. Travassos, 1928 (P. 4.8%), family Clinostomidae, were recovered from imported edible and consumer ready Channidae fish and Isoparorchis sp. Southwell, 1913 (P. 11%), family Isoparorchiidae, from imported edible Bagridae fish. Euclinostomum sp. and Isoparorchis sp. were identified using morphological method. Molecular identification of Eustrongylides sp. was achieved through sequencing of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequence. Eustrongylides sp. and Isoparorchis sp. have been identified as the causative agent in cases of human infection and are a recognised zoonosis. Euclinostomum sp. is considered to have zoonotic potential and for this reason this species has been included in the importation risk assessments for freshwater fish from certain countries. This study confirmed the presence of zoonotic parasite species in edible imported fish. Whilst this fish product was frozen and parasites therefore inactivated, both fish species according to importation commodity codes, at the time this manuscript was written, are permitted entry into Australia chilled. Further study using a greater sample size is required to understand the human health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Williams
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences & Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Marta Hernandez-Jover
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences & Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Shokoofeh Shamsi
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences & Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
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14
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Zhang S, Huang G, Li L, Liu X, Tang X, Suo X. Morphological and Phylogenetic Analysis of Eustrongylides sp. and Gnathostoma spinigerum Parasitizing the Asian Swamp Eel Monopterusalbus in China. Pathogens 2021; 10:711. [PMID: 34200165 PMCID: PMC8227449 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nematode infections transmitted to humans by the consumption of wild or cultured eels are increasingly being reported. In the present study, 120 Asian swamp eel, Monopterus albus (Zuiew), individuals collected from China were examined for parasite infections, and 78 larval nematodes were isolated. Morphological and molecular characteristics, including sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene regions, were employed to identify these nematodes at the lowest taxonomic level possible. Asian swamp eel was infected with two zoonotic parasite taxa: Gnathostoma spinigerum advanced third-stage larvae, with 6.67% prevalence and mean intensity = 1.25, and Eustrongylides sp. fourth-stage larvae, with 26.67% prevalence and mean intensity = 2.13. These findings evidence the need to enhance public hygiene and food safety awareness toward eel consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixin Zhang
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.Z.); (X.L.); (X.T.)
| | - Guangping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Liang Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, China;
| | - Xianyong Liu
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.Z.); (X.L.); (X.T.)
| | - Xiaoli Tang
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.Z.); (X.L.); (X.T.)
| | - Xun Suo
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.Z.); (X.L.); (X.T.)
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15
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Pekmezci GZ, Bolukbas CS. Morphological and molecular characterization of Eustrongylides excisus larvae (Nematoda: Dioctophymatidae) in Sander lucioperca (L.) from Northern Turkey. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:2269-2274. [PMID: 34002260 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07187-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The genus Eustrongylides Jägerskiöld, 1909 includes parasitic nematodes (Dioctophymatidae) affecting various fish species and piscivorous birds of freshwater ecosystems. Currently, there is little information on the molecular characterization of E. excisus based on nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA regions. However, before the present study, there had been no reports of characterizing the E. excisus using nuclear small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) genes sequences. In the present study, Eustrongylides spp. larvae were collected from pike-perch Sander lucioperca (L.) in Northern Turkey, and characterized by sequencing of ITS regions, SSU rRNA, and COI markers. Larvae herein morphologically identified as the fourth stage of Eustrongylides spp. were genetically identified as E. excisus based on the ITS sequence analysis. This study is the first record of SSU rRNA and COI sequences for E. excisus in GenBank. This is also a molecular characterization of E. excisus for the first time in Turkey. The ITS, SSU rRNA, and COI sequences of E. excisus can be used to establish the phylogenetic relationships of Eustrongylides species from Turkey and worldwide for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokmen Zafer Pekmezci
- Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139, Samsun, Turkey.
| | - Cenk Soner Bolukbas
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139, Samsun, Turkey
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Guardone L, Ricci E, Susini F, Polsinelli E, Guglielmone G, Armani A. First detection of Eustrongylides excisus (Nematoda: Dioctophymatidae) in big-scale sand smelt (Atherina boyeri) from the lake Massaciuccoli (Northwest Tuscany, Italy): implications for public health and seafood quality. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Menconi V, Riina MV, Pastorino P, Mugetti D, Canola S, Pizzul E, Bona MC, Dondo A, Acutis PL, Prearo M. First Occurrence of Eustrongylides spp. (Nematoda: Dioctophymatidae) in a Subalpine Lake in Northwest Italy: New Data on Distribution and Host Range. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E4171. [PMID: 32545332 PMCID: PMC7312604 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17114171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The genus Eustrongylides includes nematodes that infect fish species and fish-eating birds inhabiting freshwater ecosystems. Nematodes belonging to the genus Eustrongylides are potentially pathogenic for humans; infection occurs after the consumption of raw or undercooked fish. In the two-year period 2019-2020, a total of 292 fish belonging to eight species were examined for the occurrence of Eustrongylides spp. from Lake San Michele, a small subalpine lake in northwest Italy. The prevalence of infestation was 18.3% in Lepomis gibbosus, 16.7% in Micropterus salmoides, and 10% in Perca fluviatilis. The other five fish species (Ameiurus melas, Ictalurus punctatus, Squalius cephalus, Carassius carassius, and Scardinius erythrophthalmus) were all negative for parasite presence. There were no significant differences in prevalence between the three fish species (Fisher's exact test; p = 0.744). The mean intensity of infestation ranged from 1 (M. salmoides and P. fluviatilis) to 1.15 (L. gibbosus), and the mean abundance ranged from 0.1 (P. fluviatilis) to 0.28 (L. gibbosus). There were significant differences in the infestation site between the four muscle quadrants (anterior ventral, anterior dorsal, posterior ventral, and posterior dorsal) and the visceral cavity (Kruskal-Wallis test; p = 0.0008). The study findings advance our knowledge about the distribution and host range of this parasite in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasco Menconi
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (V.M.); (M.V.R.); (D.M.); (S.C.); (M.C.B.); (A.D.); (P.L.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Maria Vittoria Riina
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (V.M.); (M.V.R.); (D.M.); (S.C.); (M.C.B.); (A.D.); (P.L.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Paolo Pastorino
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (V.M.); (M.V.R.); (D.M.); (S.C.); (M.C.B.); (A.D.); (P.L.A.); (M.P.)
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Davide Mugetti
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (V.M.); (M.V.R.); (D.M.); (S.C.); (M.C.B.); (A.D.); (P.L.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Serena Canola
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (V.M.); (M.V.R.); (D.M.); (S.C.); (M.C.B.); (A.D.); (P.L.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Elisabetta Pizzul
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Maria Cristina Bona
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (V.M.); (M.V.R.); (D.M.); (S.C.); (M.C.B.); (A.D.); (P.L.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Alessandro Dondo
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (V.M.); (M.V.R.); (D.M.); (S.C.); (M.C.B.); (A.D.); (P.L.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Pier Luigi Acutis
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (V.M.); (M.V.R.); (D.M.); (S.C.); (M.C.B.); (A.D.); (P.L.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Marino Prearo
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (V.M.); (M.V.R.); (D.M.); (S.C.); (M.C.B.); (A.D.); (P.L.A.); (M.P.)
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