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Liu J, Zhu Q, Zhang D, Yu Q, Zheng X, Yao S, Wang X. Exploring the Expression Profiles of Serum Inflammatory Proteins and Potential Antiaging Targets in Chinese Long-Living People. Rejuvenation Res 2024. [PMID: 39003526 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2024.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation (inflammaging) is one of the important reasons for the development of age-related diseases and aging. Carrying out aging research and mining inflammatory markers can develop antiaging intervention targets, thus promoting healthy aging. By comparing the levels of inflammatory proteome in the serum of Chinese long-living people over 90 years and elderly aged 60∼79 which was detected by Olink platform, this study found that some pro-inflammatory or pro-aging proteins increased significantly in the long-living people, such as c-x-c motif chemokine ligand 9, accompanied by a significant increase in the levels of several anti-inflammatory or antiaging proteins, including fibroblast growth factor 19 and fibroblast growth factor 23, which confirmed that compared with elderly people, pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory (pro-aging and antiaging) tend to be balanced in long-living people, thus reducing the risk of age-related diseases and prolonging the lifespan of the elderly. These differently expressed proteins could serve as therapeutic targets and monitoring indicators for antiaging. At the same time, a few inflammatory protein markers, especially c-x-c motif chemokine ligand 9 and osteoprotegerin, could distinguish long-living and elderly correctly, which could be used to predict lifespan combined with other antiaging markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Medical School, Quzhou College of Technology, Quzhou, China
| | - Qifu Zhu
- Kaihua County Yinken Rural Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Kaihua County Yinken Rural Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Qihui Yu
- Medical School, Quzhou College of Technology, Quzhou, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Medical School, Quzhou College of Technology, Quzhou, China
| | - Shuihong Yao
- Medical School, Quzhou College of Technology, Quzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Wang
- Kaihua County Yinken Rural Hospital, Quzhou, China
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Lee SB, Abdal Dayem A, Kmiecik S, Lim KM, Seo DS, Kim HT, Kumar Biswas P, Do M, Kim DH, Cho SG. Efficient improvement of the proliferation, differentiation, and anti-arthritic capacity of mesenchymal stem cells by simply culturing on the immobilized FGF2 derived peptide, 44-ERGVVSIKGV-53. J Adv Res 2024; 62:119-141. [PMID: 37777063 PMCID: PMC11331723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The stem cell microenvironment has been evidenced to robustly affect its biological functions and clinical grade. Natural or synthetic growth factors, especially, are essential for modulating stem cell proliferation, metabolism, and differentiation via the interaction with specific extracellular receptors. Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) possesses pleiotropic functions in various tissues and organs. It interacts with the FGF receptor (FGFR) and activates FGFR signaling pathways, which involve numerous biological functions, such as angiogenesis, wound healing, cell proliferation, and differentiation. OBJECTIVES Here, we aim to explore the molecular functions, mode of action, and therapeutic activity of yet undetermined function, FGF-2-derived peptide, FP2 (44-ERGVVSIKGV-53) in promoting the proliferation, differentiation, and therapeutic application of human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ-MSCs) in comparison to other test peptides, canofin1 (FP1), hexafin2 (FP3), and canofin3 (FP4) with known functions. METHODS The immobilization of test peptides that are fused with mussel adhesive proteins (MAP) on the culture plate was carried out via EDC/NHS chemistry. Cell Proliferation assay, colony-forming unit, western blotting analysis, gene expression analysis, RNA-Seq. analysis, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation capacity were applied to test the activity of the test peptides. We additionally utilized three-dimensional (3D) structural analysis and artificial intelligence (AI)-based AlphaFold2 and CABS-dock programs for receptor interaction prediction of the peptide receptor. We also verified the in vivo therapeutic capacity of FP2-cultured hWJ-MSCs using an osteoarthritis mice model. RESULTS Culture of hWJ-MSC onto an FP2-immobilized culture plate showed a significant increase in cell proliferation (n = 3; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01) and the colony-forming unit (n = 3; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01) compared with the test peptides. FP2 showed a significantly upregulated phosphorylation of FRS2α and FGFR1 and activated the AKT and ERK signaling pathways (n = 3; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001). Interestingly, we detected efficient FP2 receptor binding that was predicted using AI-based tools. Treatment with an AKT inhibitor significantly abrogated the FP2-mediated enhancement of cell differentiation (n = 3; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001). Intra-articular injection of FP2-cultured MSCs significantly mitigated arthritis symptoms in an osteoarthritis mouse model, as shown through the functional tests (n = 10; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001), modulation of the expression level of the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes, and improved osteochondral regeneration as demonstrated by tissue sections. CONCLUSION Our study identified the FGF-2-derived peptide FP2 as a promising candidate peptide to improve the therapeutic potential of hWJ-MSCs, especially in bone and cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Bin Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed Abdal Dayem
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sebastian Kmiecik
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kyung Min Lim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; R&D Team, StemExOne Co., Ltd., 307 KU Technology Innovation Bldg, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Sik Seo
- Stem Cell Research Center of AMOLIFESCIENCE Co., Ltd, 91, Gimpo-daero 1950 Beon-gil, Tongjin-eup, Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do 10014, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Taek Kim
- Stem Cell Research Center of AMOLIFESCIENCE Co., Ltd, 91, Gimpo-daero 1950 Beon-gil, Tongjin-eup, Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do 10014, Republic of Korea
| | - Polash Kumar Biswas
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjae Do
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; R&D Team, StemExOne Co., Ltd., 307 KU Technology Innovation Bldg, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Kokkinis S, De Rubis G, Paudel KR, Patel VK, Yeung S, Jessamine V, MacLoughlin R, Hansbro PM, Oliver B, Dua K. Liposomal curcumin inhibits cigarette smoke induced senescence and inflammation in human bronchial epithelial cells. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 260:155423. [PMID: 38909404 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Curcumin, the principal curcuminoid of turmeric (Curcuma longa extract), is very well known for its multiple biological therapeutic activities, particularly its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential. However, due to its low water solubility, it exhibits poor bioavailability. In order to overcome this problem, in the current study, we have employed liposomal technology to encapsulate curcumin with the aim of enhancing its therapeutic efficacy. The curcumin-loaded liposomes (PlexoZome®) were tested on a cigarette smoke extract-induced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in vitro model using minimally immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells (BCiNS1.1). The anti-senescence and anti-inflammatory properties of PlexoZome® were explored. 5 µM PlexoZome® curcumin demonstrated anti-senescent activity by decrease in X-gal positive cells, and reduction in the expression of p16 and p21 in immunofluorescence staining. Moreover, PlexoZome® curcumin also demonstrated a reduction in proteins related to senescence (osteopontin, FGF basic and uPAR) and inflammation (GM-CSF, EGF and ST2). Overall, the results clearly demonstrate the therapeutic potential of curcumin encapsulated liposomes in managing CSE induced COPD, providing a new direction to respiratory clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Kokkinis
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Pharmako Biotechnologies, Frenchs Forest, NSW 2086, Australia
| | - Gabriele De Rubis
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre for Inflammation, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Vyoma K Patel
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Stewart Yeung
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Victoria Jessamine
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Ronan MacLoughlin
- Research and Development, Science and Emerging Technologies, Aerogen Ltd., Galway Business Park, Galway H91 HE94, Ireland; School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin D02YN77, Ireland; School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin D02PN40, Ireland
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Brian Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
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Easter M, Hirsch MJ, Harris E, Howze PH, Matthews EL, Jones LI, Bollenbecker S, Vang S, Tyrrell DJ, Sanders YY, Birket SE, Barnes JW, Krick S. FGF receptors mediate cellular senescence in the cystic fibrosis airway epithelium. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e174888. [PMID: 38916962 PMCID: PMC11383597 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.174888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The number of adults living with cystic fibrosis (CF) has already increased significantly because of drastic improvements in life expectancy attributable to advances in treatment, including the development of highly effective modulator therapy. Chronic airway inflammation in CF contributes to morbidity and mortality, and aging processes like inflammaging and cell senescence influence CF pathology. Our results show that single-cell RNA sequencing data, human primary bronchial epithelial cells from non-CF and CF donors, a CF bronchial epithelial cell line, and Cftr-knockout (Cftr-/-) rats all demonstrated increased cell senescence markers in the CF bronchial epithelium. This was associated with upregulation of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38. Inhibition of FGFRs, specifically FGFR4 and to some extent FGFR1, attenuated cell senescence and improved mucociliary clearance, which was associated with MAPK p38 signaling. Mucociliary dysfunction could also be improved using a combination of senolytics in a CF ex vivo model. In summary, FGFR/MAPK p38 signaling contributes to cell senescence in CF airways, which is associated with impaired mucociliary clearance. Therefore, attenuation of cell senescence in the CF airways might be a future therapeutic strategy improving mucociliary dysfunction and lung disease in an aging population with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Easter
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Meghan June Hirsch
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Elex Harris
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, and
| | - Patrick Henry Howze
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Emma Lea Matthews
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Luke I Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Seth Bollenbecker
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Shia Vang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Daniel J Tyrrell
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yan Y Sanders
- Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Susan E Birket
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, and
| | - Jarrod W Barnes
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Stefanie Krick
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, and
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Loda A, Semeraro F, Parolini S, Ronca R, Rezzola S. Cancer stem-like cells in uveal melanoma: novel insights and therapeutic implications. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189104. [PMID: 38701937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary ocular tumor in the adult population. Even though these primary tumors are successfully treated in 90% of cases, almost 50% of patients ultimately develop metastasis, mainly in the liver, via hematological dissemination, with a median survival spanning from 6 to 12 months after diagnosis. In this context, chemotherapy regimens and molecular targeted therapies have demonstrated poor response rates and failed to improve survival. Among the multiple reasons for therapy failure, the presence of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) represents the main cause of resistance to anticancer therapies. In the last few years, the existence of CSCs in UM has been demonstrated both in preclinical and clinical studies, and new molecular pathways and mechanisms have been described for this subpopulation of UM cells. Here, we will discuss the state of the art of CSC biology and their potential exploitation as therapeutic target in UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Loda
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Semeraro
- Eye Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Parolini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; National Center for Gene Therapy and Drugs based on RNA Technology - CN3, Padova, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie (CIB), Italy
| | - Roberto Ronca
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie (CIB), Italy
| | - Sara Rezzola
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
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Aktürk Esen S, Karabulut S, Buyukaksoy M, Kurt Cevik G, Ceylan F, Civelek B, Şendur MAN, Erdogan F, Uncu D. Is fibroblast growth factor 11 (FGF11) a predictive marker for breast cancer? Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37656. [PMID: 38552037 PMCID: PMC10977561 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The prognostic role of fibroblast growth factor 11 (FGF11) has only been reported in cancers such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma and prostate cancer. The role of FGF11 in breast cancer is not fully known. It was aimed to compare FGF11 expression levels in de novo metastatic hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal reseptor-2-negative breast tumor tissue and healthy breast tissue and investigate the effect of the FGF11 expression on survival in breast cancer patients. To determine the FGF11 expression rate, breast tumor tissue of breast cancer patients diagnosed by breast biopsy and healthy breast tissue of healthy individuals who underwent breast biopsy due to benign lesions were used. The study population included 38 breast cancer patients and 24 healthy controls. The number of patients with a FGF11 expression level score of 1 (15.8% vs 12.5%), score of 2 (18.4% vs 12.5%), and score of 3 (31.6% vs 0%) was significantly higher in the patient group compared to the healthy control group. The median overall survival and progression-free survival were numerically better in the group with a FGF11 expression score of 0 to 1 than the group with a FGF11 expression score of 2 and 3, but this difference was not statistically significant. FGF11 may be a predictive marker for breast cancer formation. Additionally, with new FGF11-targeted treatment agents to be developed, endocrine resistance may be reduced, and better survival results may be achieved in hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal reseptor-2-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selin Aktürk Esen
- Medical Oncology Clinic, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sefika Karabulut
- Medical Microbiology Department, Gulhane Health Sciences Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muge Buyukaksoy
- Internal Medicine Clinic, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Furkan Ceylan
- Medical Oncology Clinic, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burak Civelek
- Medical Oncology Clinic, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Fazli Erdogan
- Pathology Clinic, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Doğan Uncu
- Medical Oncology Clinic, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Parra AS, Johnston CA. Phase Separation as a Driver of Stem Cell Organization and Function during Development. J Dev Biol 2023; 11:45. [PMID: 38132713 PMCID: PMC10743522 DOI: 10.3390/jdb11040045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A properly organized subcellular composition is essential to cell function. The canonical organizing principle within eukaryotic cells involves membrane-bound organelles; yet, such structures do not fully explain cellular complexity. Furthermore, discrete non-membrane-bound structures have been known for over a century. Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) has emerged as a ubiquitous mode of cellular organization without the need for formal lipid membranes, with an ever-expanding and diverse list of cellular functions that appear to be regulated by this process. In comparison to traditional organelles, LLPS can occur across wider spatial and temporal scales and involves more distinct protein and RNA complexes. In this review, we discuss the impacts of LLPS on the organization of stem cells and their function during development. Specifically, the roles of LLPS in developmental signaling pathways, chromatin organization, and gene expression will be detailed, as well as its impacts on essential processes of asymmetric cell division. We will also discuss how the dynamic and regulated nature of LLPS may afford stem cells an adaptable mode of organization throughout the developmental time to control cell fate. Finally, we will discuss how aberrant LLPS in these processes may contribute to developmental defects and disease.
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Lee SS, Vũ TT, Weiss AS, Yeo GC. Stress-induced senescence in mesenchymal stem cells: Triggers, hallmarks, and current rejuvenation approaches. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151331. [PMID: 37311287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as promising cell-based therapies in the treatment of degenerative and inflammatory conditions. However, despite accumulating evidence of the breadth of MSC functional potency, their broad clinical translation is hampered by inconsistencies in therapeutic efficacy, which is at least partly due to the phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of MSC populations as they progress towards senescence in vitro. MSC senescence, a natural response to aging and stress, gives rise to altered cellular responses and functional decline. This review describes the key regenerative properties of MSCs; summarises the main triggers, mechanisms, and consequences of MSC senescence; and discusses current cellular and extracellular strategies to delay the onset or progression of senescence, or to rejuvenate biological functions lost to senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Shinchen Lee
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Thu Thuy Vũ
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Anthony S Weiss
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Giselle C Yeo
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Loda A, Calza S, Giacomini A, Ravelli C, Krishna Chandran AM, Tobia C, Tabellini G, Parolini S, Semeraro F, Ronca R, Rezzola S. FGF-trapping hampers cancer stem-like cells in uveal melanoma. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:89. [PMID: 37165394 PMCID: PMC10173517 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02903-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of tumor cells responsible for tumor initiation, metastasis, chemoresistance, and relapse. Recently, CSCs have been identified in Uveal Melanoma (UM), which represents the most common primary tumor of the eye. UM is highly resistant to systemic chemotherapy and effective therapies aimed at improving overall survival of patients are eagerly required. METHODS Herein, taking advantage from a pan Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF)-trap molecule, we singled out and analyzed a UM-CSC subset with marked stem-like properties. A hierarchical clustering of gene expression data publicly available on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was performed to identify patients' clusters. RESULTS By disrupting the FGF/FGF receptor (FGFR)-mediated signaling, we unmasked an FGF-sensitive UM population characterized by increased expression of numerous stemness-related transcription factors, enhanced aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, and tumor-sphere formation capacity. Moreover, FGF inhibition deeply affected UM-CSC survival in vivo in a chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) tumor graft assay, resulting in the reduction of tumor growth. At clinical level, hierarchical clustering of TCGA gene expression data revealed a strong correlation between FGFs/FGFRs and stemness-related genes, allowing the identification of three distinct clusters characterized by different clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the evidence that the FGF/FGFR axis represents a master regulator of cancer stemness in primary UM tumors and point to anti-FGF treatments as a novel therapeutic strategy to hit the CSC component in UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Loda
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefano Calza
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Arianna Giacomini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cosetta Ravelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Adwaid Manu Krishna Chandran
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Tobia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Tabellini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Parolini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Semeraro
- Eye Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Ronca
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Sara Rezzola
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
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Zhao B, Wu B, Feng N, Zhang X, Zhang X, Wei Y, Zhang W. Aging microenvironment and antitumor immunity for geriatric oncology: the landscape and future implications. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:28. [PMID: 36945046 PMCID: PMC10032017 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) has been extensively investigated; however, it is complex and remains unclear, especially in elderly patients. Senescence is a cellular response to a variety of stress signals, which is characterized by stable arrest of the cell cycle and major changes in cell morphology and physiology. To the best of our knowledge, senescence leads to consistent arrest of tumor cells and remodeling of the tumor-immune microenvironment (TIME) by activating a set of pleiotropic cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and proteinases, which constitute the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). On the one hand, the SASP promotes antitumor immunity, which enhances treatment efficacy; on the other hand, the SASP increases immunosuppressive cell infiltration, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), regulatory T cells (Tregs), M2 macrophages, and N2 neutrophils, contributing to TIME suppression. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the regulation of the SASP and components contributing to robust antitumor immunity in elderly individuals with different cancer types and the available therapies is necessary to control tumor cell senescence and provide greater clinical benefits to patients. In this review, we summarize the key biological functions mediated by cytokines and intercellular interactions and significant components of the TME landscape, which influence the immunotherapy response in geriatric oncology. Furthermore, we summarize recent advances in clinical practices targeting TME components and discuss potential senescent TME targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghao Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100032, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Nan Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yiping Wei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Wenxiong Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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11
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Liu B, Lyu L, Zhou W, Song J, Ye D, Mao Y, Chen GB, Sun X. Associations of the circulating levels of cytokines with risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a Mendelian randomization study. BMC Med 2023; 21:39. [PMID: 36737740 PMCID: PMC9898905 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02736-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is accompanied by muscle weakness and muscle atrophy, typically resulting in death within 3-5 years from the disease occurrence. Though the cause of ALS remains unclear, increasing evidence has suggested that inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of ALS. Thus, we performed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to estimate the associations of circulating levels of cytokines and growth factors with the risk of ALS. METHODS Genetic instrumental variables for circulating cytokines and growth factors were identified from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 8293 European participants. Summary statistics of ALS were obtained from a GWAS including 20,806 ALS cases and 59,804 controls of European ancestry. We used the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary analysis. To test the robustness of our results, we further performed the simple-median method, weighted-median method, MR-Egger regression, and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier test. Finally, a reverse MR analysis was performed to assess the possibility of reverse causation between ALS and the cytokines that we identified. RESULTS After Bonferroni correction, genetically predicted circulating level of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-basic) was suggestively associated with a lower risk of ALS [odds ratio (OR): 0.74, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.60-0.92, P = 0.007]. We also observed suggestive evidence that interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) was associated with a 10% higher risk of ALS (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.03-1.17, P = 0.005) in the primary study. The results of sensitivity analyses were consistent. CONCLUSIONS Our systematic MR analyses provided suggestive evidence to support causal associations of circulating FGF-basic and IP-10 with the risk of ALS. More studies are warranted to explore how these cytokines may affect the development of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Linshuoshuo Lyu
- Department of Epidemiology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Wenkai Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Ding Ye
- Department of Epidemiology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yingying Mao
- Department of Epidemiology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Guo-Bo Chen
- Center for General Practice Medicine, Department of General Practice Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaohui Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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12
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Duarte-Olivenza C, Hurle JM, Montero JA, Lorda-Diez CI. Modeling the Differentiation of Embryonic Limb Chondroprogenitors by Cell Death and Cell Senescence in High Density Micromass Cultures and Their Regulation by FGF Signaling. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010175. [PMID: 36611968 PMCID: PMC9818968 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering the importance of programmed cell death in the formation of the skeleton during embryonic development, the aim of the present study was to analyze whether regulated cell degeneration also accompanies the differentiation of embryonic limb skeletal progenitors in high-density tridimensional cultures (micromass cultures). Our results show that the formation of primary cartilage nodules in the micromass culture assay involves a patterned process of cell death and cell senescence, complementary to the pattern of chondrogenesis. As occurs in vivo, the degenerative events were preceded by DNA damage detectable by γH2AX immunolabeling and proceeded via apoptosis and cell senescence. Combined treatments of the cultures with growth factors active during limb skeletogenesis, including FGF, BMP, and WNT revealed that FGF signaling modulates the response of progenitors to signaling pathways implicated in cell death. Transcriptional changes induced by FGF treatments suggested that this function is mediated by the positive regulation of the genetic machinery responsible for apoptosis and cell senescence together with hypomethylation of the Sox9 gene promoter. We propose that FGF signaling exerts a primordial function in the embryonic limb conferring chondroprogenitors with their biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan A. Montero
- Correspondence: (J.A.M.); (C.I.L.-D.); Fax: +34-942201923 (J.A.M. and C.I.L.-D.)
| | - Carlos I. Lorda-Diez
- Correspondence: (J.A.M.); (C.I.L.-D.); Fax: +34-942201923 (J.A.M. and C.I.L.-D.)
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13
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Steens J, Klein D. HOX genes in stem cells: Maintaining cellular identity and regulation of differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1002909. [PMID: 36176275 PMCID: PMC9514042 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1002909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells display a unique cell type within the body that has the capacity to self-renew and differentiate into specialized cell types. Compared to pluripotent stem cells, adult stem cells (ASC) such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) exhibit restricted differentiation capabilities that are limited to cell types typically found in the tissue of origin, which implicates that there must be a certain code or priming determined by the tissue of origin. HOX genes, a subset of homeobox genes encoding transcription factors that are generally repressed in undifferentiated pluripotent stem cells, emerged here as master regulators of cell identity and cell fate during embryogenesis, and in maintaining this positional identity throughout life as well as specifying various regional properties of respective tissues. Concurrently, intricate molecular circuits regulated by diverse stem cell-typical signaling pathways, balance stem cell maintenance, proliferation and differentiation. However, it still needs to be unraveled how stem cell-related signaling pathways establish and regulate ASC-specific HOX expression pattern with different temporal-spatial topography, known as the HOX code. This comprehensive review therefore summarizes the current knowledge of specific ASC-related HOX expression patterns and how these were integrated into stem cell-related signaling pathways. Understanding the mechanism of HOX gene regulation in stem cells may provide new ways to manipulate stem cell fate and function leading to improved and new approaches in the field of regenerative medicine.
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14
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Stromal Co-Cultivation for Modeling Breast Cancer Dormancy in the Bone Marrow. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143344. [PMID: 35884405 PMCID: PMC9320268 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers metastasize to the bone marrow before primary tumors can be detected. Bone marrow micrometastases are resistant to therapy, and while they are able to remain dormant for decades, they recur steadily and result in incurable metastatic disease. The bone marrow microenvironment maintains the dormancy and chemoresistance of micrometastases through interactions with multiple cell types and through structural and soluble factors. Modeling dormancy in vitro can identify the mechanisms of these interactions. Modeling also identifies mechanisms able to disrupt these interactions or define novel interactions that promote the reawakening of dormant cells. The in vitro modeling of the interactions of cancer cells with various bone marrow elements can generate hypotheses on the mechanisms that control dormancy, treatment resistance and reawakening in vivo. These hypotheses can guide in vivo murine experiments that have high probabilities of succeeding in order to verify in vitro findings while minimizing the use of animals in experiments. This review outlines the existing data on predominant stromal cell types and their use in 2D co-cultures with cancer cells.
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15
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Ornitz DM, Itoh N. New developments in the biology of fibroblast growth factors. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1549. [PMID: 35142107 PMCID: PMC10115509 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family is composed of 18 secreted signaling proteins consisting of canonical FGFs and endocrine FGFs that activate four receptor tyrosine kinases (FGFRs 1-4) and four intracellular proteins (intracellular FGFs or iFGFs) that primarily function to regulate the activity of voltage-gated sodium channels and other molecules. The canonical FGFs, endocrine FGFs, and iFGFs have been reviewed extensively by us and others. In this review, we briefly summarize past reviews and then focus on new developments in the FGF field since our last review in 2015. Some of the highlights in the past 6 years include the use of optogenetic tools, viral vectors, and inducible transgenes to experimentally modulate FGF signaling, the clinical use of small molecule FGFR inhibitors, an expanded understanding of endocrine FGF signaling, functions for FGF signaling in stem cell pluripotency and differentiation, roles for FGF signaling in tissue homeostasis and regeneration, a continuing elaboration of mechanisms of FGF signaling in development, and an expanding appreciation of roles for FGF signaling in neuropsychiatric diseases. This article is categorized under: Cardiovascular Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Congenital Diseases > Stem Cells and Development Cancer > Stem Cells and Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nobuyuki Itoh
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
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16
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Nacarino-Palma A, Rico-Leo EM, Campisi J, Ramanathan A, González-Rico FJ, Rejano-Gordillo CM, Ordiales-Talavero A, Merino JM, Fernández-Salguero PM. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor blocks aging-induced senescence in the liver and fibroblast cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:4281-4304. [PMID: 35619220 PMCID: PMC9186759 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aging impairs organismal homeostasis leading to multiple pathologies. Yet, the mechanisms and molecular intermediates involved are largely unknown. Here, we report that aged aryl hydrocarbon receptor-null mice (AhR-/-) had exacerbated cellular senescence and more liver progenitor cells. Senescence-associated markers β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal), p16Ink4a and p21Cip1 and genes encoding senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors TNF and IL1 were overexpressed in aged AhR-/- livers. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that AhR binding to those gene promoters repressed their expression, thus adjusting physiological levels in AhR+/+ livers. MCP-2, MMP12 and FGF secreted by senescent cells were overproduced in aged AhR-null livers. Supporting the relationship between senescence and stemness, liver progenitor cells were overrepresented in AhR-/- mice, probably contributing to increased hepatocarcinoma burden. These AhR roles are not liver-specific since adult and embryonic AhR-null fibroblasts underwent senescence in culture, overexpressing SA-β-Gal, p16Ink4a and p21Cip1. Notably, depletion of senescent cells with the senolytic agent navitoclax restored expression of senescent markers in AhR-/- fibroblasts, whereas senescence induction by palbociclib induced an AhR-null-like phenotype in AhR+/+ fibroblasts. AhR levels were downregulated by senescence in mouse lungs but restored upon depletion of p16Ink4a-expressing senescent cells. Thus, AhR restricts age-induced senescence associated to a differentiated phenotype eventually inducing resistance to liver tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Nacarino-Palma
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz 06071, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), Badajoz 06071, Spain
| | - Eva M Rico-Leo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz 06071, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), Badajoz 06071, Spain
| | - Judith Campisi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA.,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Francisco J González-Rico
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz 06071, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), Badajoz 06071, Spain
| | - Claudia M Rejano-Gordillo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz 06071, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), Badajoz 06071, Spain
| | - Ana Ordiales-Talavero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz 06071, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), Badajoz 06071, Spain
| | - Jaime M Merino
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz 06071, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), Badajoz 06071, Spain
| | - Pedro M Fernández-Salguero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz 06071, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), Badajoz 06071, Spain
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17
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Zhang Y, Ling L, Ajay D/O Ajayakumar A, Eio YM, van Wijnen AJ, Nurcombe V, Cool SM. FGFR2 accommodates osteogenic cell fate determination in human mesenchymal stem cells. Gene 2022; 818:146199. [PMID: 35093449 PMCID: PMC9256080 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The multilineage differentiation potential of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) underpins their clinical utility for tissue regeneration. Control of such cell-fate decisions is tightly regulated by different growth factors/cytokines and their cognate receptors. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are among such factors critical for osteogenesis. However, how FGF receptors (FGFRs) help to orchestrate osteogenic progression remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we studied the protein levels of FGFRs during osteogenesis in human adult bone marrow-derived MSCs and discovered a positive correlation between FGFR2 expression and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, an early marker of osteogenesis. Through RNA interference studies, we confirmed the role of FGFR2 in promoting the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Knockdown of FGFR2 resulted in downregulation of pro-osteogenic genes and upregulation of pro-adipogenic genes and adipogenic commitment. Moreover, under osteogenic induction, FGFR2 knockdown resulted in upregulation of Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2), an epigenetic enzyme that regulates MSC lineage commitment and suppresses osteogenesis. Lastly, we show that serial-passaged hMSCs have reduced FGFR2 expression and impaired osteogenic potential. Our study suggests that FGFR2 is critical for mediating osteogenic fate by regulating the balance of osteo-adipogenic lineage commitment. Therefore, examining FGFR2 levels during serial-passaging of hMSCs may prove useful for monitoring their multipotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138673, Singapore
| | - Ling Ling
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138648, Singapore
| | - Arya Ajay D/O Ajayakumar
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138673, Singapore
| | - Yating Michelle Eio
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138673, Singapore
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Victor Nurcombe
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138648, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University-Imperial College London, 636921, Singapore
| | - Simon M Cool
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138673, Singapore; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119288, Singapore.
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18
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Sakellakis M, Flores L, Ramachandran S. Patterns of indolence in prostate cancer (Review). Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:351. [PMID: 35493432 PMCID: PMC9019743 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although prostate cancer is a major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, most patients will have a relatively indolent clinical course. Contrary to most other types of cancer, even the diagnosis of locally advanced or metastatic disease is not always lethal. The present review aimed to summarize what is known regarding the underlying mechanisms related to the indolent course of subsets of prostate cancer, at various stages. The data suggested that no specific gene alteration by itself was responsible for carcinogenesis or disease aggressiveness. However, pathway analysis identified genetic aberrations in multiple critical pathways that tend to accumulate over the course of the disease. The progression from indolence into aggressive disease is associated with a complex interplay in which genetic and epigenetic factors are involved. The effect of the immune tumor microenvironment is also very important. Emerging evidence has suggested that the upregulation of pathways related to cellular aging and senescence can identify patients with indolent disease. In addition, a number of tumors enter a long-lasting quiescent state. Further research will determine whether halting tumor evolution is a feasible option, and whether the life of patients can be markedly prolonged by inducing tumor senescence or long-term dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minas Sakellakis
- Fourth Oncology Department and Comprehensive Clinical Trials Center, Metropolitan Hospital, 18547 Athens, Greece
| | - Laura Flores
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77025, USA
| | - Sumankalai Ramachandran
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77025, USA
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19
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Stamenov N, Kotov G, Iliev A, Landzhov B, Kirkov V, Stanchev S. Mast cells and basic fibroblast growth factor in physiological aging of rat heart and kidney. Biotech Histochem 2022; 97:504-518. [DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2021.2024251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Stamenov
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Georgi Kotov
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Alexandar Iliev
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Boycho Landzhov
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vidin Kirkov
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stancho Stanchev
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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20
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Li L, Yang Y, Wang Z, Xu C, Huang J, Li G. Prognostic role of METTL1 in glioma. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:633. [PMID: 34838021 PMCID: PMC8627054 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02346-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Current treatment options for glioma are limited, and the prognosis of patients with glioma is poor as the available drugs show low therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms associated with glioma remain poorly understood. METTL1 mainly catalyzes the formation of N(7)-methylguanine at position 46 of the transfer RNA sequence, thereby regulating the translation process. However, the role of METTL1 in glioma has not been studied to date. The purpose of this study was to analyze the expression and prognosis of METTL1 in glioma, and to explore the potential analysis mechanism. Methods Data from five publicly available databases were used to analyze METTL1 expression across different tumor types and its differential expression between carcinoma and adjacent normal tissues. The expression of METTL1 in glioma was further validated using real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Meanwhile, siRNA was used to knockdown METTL1 in U87 glioma cells, and the resultant effect on glioma proliferation was verified using the Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK8) assay. Furthermore, a nomogram was constructed to predict the association between METTL1 expression and the survival rate of patients with glioma. Results METTL1 expression increased with increasing glioma grades and was significantly higher in glioma than in adjacent noncancerous tissues. In addition, high expression of METTL1 promoted cell proliferation. Moreover, METTL1 expression was associated with common clinical risk factors and was significantly associated with the prognosis and survival of patients with glioma. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that METTL1 expression may be used as an independent prognostic risk factor for glioma. Furthermore, results of functional enrichment and pathway analyses indicate that the mechanism of METTL1 in glioma is potentially related to the MAPK signaling pathway. Conclusions High METTL1 expression is significantly associated with poor prognosis of patients with glioma and may represent a valuable independent risk factor. In addition, high expression of METTL1 promotes glioma proliferation and may regulate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Thus, METTL1 may be a potential biomarker for glioma. Further investigations are warranted to explore its clinical use. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02346-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anshan Hospital of the First Hospital of China Medical University, Anshan, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenshuang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chengran Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinhai Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guangyu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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21
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Roberts JH, Halper J. Growth Factor Roles in Soft Tissue Physiology and Pathophysiology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1348:139-159. [PMID: 34807418 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-80614-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Repair and healing of injured and diseased tendons has been traditionally fraught with apprehension and difficulties, and often led to rather unsatisfactory results. The burgeoning research field of growth factors has opened new venues for treatment of tendon disorders and injuries, and possibly for treatment of disorders of the aorta and major arteries as well. Several chapters in this volume elucidate the role of transforming growth factor β (TGFß) in pathogenesis of several heritable disorders affecting soft tissues, such as aorta, cardiac valves, and tendons and ligaments. Several members of the bone morphogenetic group either have been approved by the FDA for treatment of non-healing fractures or have been undergoing intensive clinical and experimental testing for use of healing bone fractures and tendon injuries. Because fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are involved in embryonic development of tendons and muscles among other tissues and organs, the hope is that applied research on FGF biological effects will lead to the development of some new treatment strategies providing that we can control angiogenicity of these growth factors. The problem, or rather question, regarding practical use of imsulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in tendon repair is whether IGF-I acts independently or under the guidance of growth hormone. FGF2 or platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) alone or in combination with IGF-I stimulates regeneration of periodontal ligament: a matter of importance in Marfan patients with periodontitis. In contrast, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) appears to have rather deleterious effects on experimental tendon healing, perhaps because of its angiogenic activity and stimulation of matrix metalloproteinases-proteases whose increased expression has been documented in a variety of ruptured tendons. Other modalities, such as local administration of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and/or of mesenchymal stem cells have been explored extensively in tendon healing. Though treatment with PRP and mesenchymal stem cells has met with some success in horses (who experience a lot of tendon injuries and other tendon problems), the use of PRP and mesenchymal stem cells in people has been more problematic and requires more studies before PRP and mesenchymal stem cells can become reliable tools in management of soft tissue injuries and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Roberts
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jaroslava Halper
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Department of Basic Sciences, AU/UGA Medical Partnership, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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22
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Farooq M, Khan AW, Kim MS, Choi S. The Role of Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) Signaling in Tissue Repair and Regeneration. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113242. [PMID: 34831463 PMCID: PMC8622657 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a large family of secretory molecules that act through tyrosine kinase receptors known as FGF receptors. They play crucial roles in a wide variety of cellular functions, including cell proliferation, survival, metabolism, morphogenesis, and differentiation, as well as in tissue repair and regeneration. The signaling pathways regulated by FGFs include RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)–protein kinase B (AKT), phospholipase C gamma (PLCγ), and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT). To date, 22 FGFs have been discovered, involved in different functions in the body. Several FGFs directly or indirectly interfere with repair during tissue regeneration, in addition to their critical functions in the maintenance of pluripotency and dedifferentiation of stem cells. In this review, we summarize the roles of FGFs in diverse cellular processes and shed light on the importance of FGF signaling in mechanisms of tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Farooq
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (M.F.); (A.W.K.); (M.S.K.)
| | - Abdul Waheed Khan
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (M.F.); (A.W.K.); (M.S.K.)
| | - Moon Suk Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (M.F.); (A.W.K.); (M.S.K.)
| | - Sangdun Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (M.F.); (A.W.K.); (M.S.K.)
- S&K Therapeutics, Ajou University Campus Plaza 418, 199 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16502, Korea
- Correspondence:
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23
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Casari G, Resca E, Giorgini A, Candini O, Petrachi T, Piccinno MS, Foppiani EM, Pacchioni L, Starnoni M, Pinelli M, De Santis G, Selleri F, Catani F, Dominici M, Veronesi E. Microfragmented adipose tissue is associated with improved ex vivo performance linked to HOXB7 and b-FGF expression. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:481. [PMID: 34454577 PMCID: PMC8399787 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02540-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adipose tissue (AT) has become a source of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC) for regenerative medicine applications, in particular skeletal disorders. Several enzymatic or mechanical procedures have been proposed to process AT with the aim to isolate cells that can be locally implanted. How AT is processed may impact its properties. Thus, we compared AT processed by centrifugation (C-AT) to microfragmentation (MF-AT). Focusing on MF-AT, we subsequently assessed the impact of synovial fluid (SF) alone on both MF-AT and isolated AT-MSC to better understand their cartilage repair mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS MF-AT and C-AT from the same donors were compared by histology and qRT-PCR immediately after isolation or as ex vivo cultures using a micro-tissue pellet system. The in vitro impact of SF on MF-AT and AT-MSC was assessed by histological staining and molecular analysis. RESULTS The main AT histological features (i.e., increased extracellular matrix and cellularity) of the freshly isolated or ex vivo-cultured MF-AT persisted compared to C-AT, which rapidly deteriorated during culture. Based on our previous studies of HOX genes in MSC, we investigated the involvement of Homeobox Protein HOX-B7 (HOXB7) and its target basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF) in the molecular mechanism underlying the improved performance of MF-AT. Indeed, both these biomarkers were more prominent in freshly isolated MF-AT compared to C-AT. SF alone preserved the AT histological features of MF-AT, together with HOXB7 and bFGF expression. Increased cell performance was also observed in isolated AT-MSC after SF treatment concomitant with enhanced HOXB7 expression, although there was no apparent association with bFGF. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that MF has a positive effect on the maintenance of AT histology and may trigger the expression of trophic factors that improve tissue repair by processed AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Casari
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Rigenerand srl, Medolla, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisa Resca
- Technopole Mario Veronesi, Mirandola, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Giorgini
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Lucrezia Pacchioni
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marta Starnoni
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Pinelli
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giorgio De Santis
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Filippo Selleri
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Fabio Catani
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy. .,Rigenerand srl, Medolla, Modena, Italy. .,Technopole Mario Veronesi, Mirandola, Modena, Italy.
| | - Elena Veronesi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy. .,Technopole Mario Veronesi, Mirandola, Modena, Italy.
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24
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Ueda T, Iwayama T, Tomita K, Matsumoto S, Iwashita M, Bhongsatiern P, Sakashita H, Fujihara C, Takedachi M, Murakami S. Zbp1-positive cells are osteogenic progenitors in periodontal ligament. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7514. [PMID: 33824390 PMCID: PMC8024286 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal ligament (PDL) possesses a stem/progenitor population to maintain the homeostasis of periodontal tissue. However, transcription factors that regulate this population have not yet been identified. Thus, we aimed to identify a molecule related to the osteogenic differentiation of PDL progenitors using a single cell-based strategy in this study. We first devised a new protocol to isolate PDL cells from the surface of adult murine molars and established 35 new single cell-derived clones from the PDL explant. Among these clones, six clones with high (high clones, n = 3) and low (low clones, n = 3) osteogenic potential were selected. Despite a clear difference in the osteogenic potential of these clones, no significant differences in their cell morphology, progenitor cell marker expression, alkaline phosphatase activity, proliferation rate, and differentiation-related gene and protein expression were observed. RNA-seq analysis of these clones revealed that Z-DNA binding protein-1 (Zbp1) was significantly expressed in the high osteogenic clones, indicating that Zbp1 could be a possible marker and regulator of the osteogenic differentiation of PDL progenitor cells. Zbp1-positive cells were distributed sparsely throughout the PDL. In vitro Zbp1 expression in the PDL clones remained at a high level during osteogenic differentiation. The CRISPR/Cas9 mediated Zbp1 knockout in the high clones resulted in a delay in cell differentiation. On the other hand, Zbp1 overexpression in the low clones promoted cell differentiation. These findings suggested that Zbp1 marked the PDL progenitors with high osteogenic potential and promoted their osteogenic differentiation. Clarifying the mechanism of differentiation of PDL cells by Zbp1 and other factors in future studies will facilitate a better understanding of periodontal tissue homeostasis and repair, possibly leading to the development of novel therapeutic measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsugumi Ueda
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Iwayama
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Kiwako Tomita
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuji Matsumoto
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mizuho Iwashita
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Phan Bhongsatiern
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sakashita
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chiharu Fujihara
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahide Takedachi
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinya Murakami
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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25
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Mehta KJ. Role of iron and iron-related proteins in mesenchymal stem cells: Cellular and clinical aspects. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7266-7289. [PMID: 33821487 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are located in various tissues where these cells show niche-dependent multilineage differentiation and secrete immunomodulatory molecules to support numerous physiological processes. Due to their regenerative and reparative properties, MSCs are extremely valuable for cell-based therapy in tackling several pathological conditions including COVID-19. Iron is essential for MSC processes but iron-loading, which is common in several chronic conditions, hinders normal MSC functionality. This not only aggravates disease pathology but can also affect allogeneic and autologous MSC therapy. Thus, understanding MSCs from an iron perspective is of clinical significance. Accordingly, this review highlights the roles of iron and iron-related proteins in MSC physiology. It describes the contribution of iron and endogenous iron-related effectors like hepcidin, ferroportin, transferrin receptor, lactoferrin, lipocalin-2, bone morphogenetic proteins and hypoxia inducible factors in MSC biology. It summarises the excess-iron-induced alterations in MSC components, processes and discusses signalling pathways involving ROS, PI3K/AKT, MAPK, p53, AMPK/MFF/DRP1 and Wnt. Additionally, it evaluates the endogenous and exogenous saviours of MSCs against iron-toxicity. Lastly, it elaborates on the involvement of MSCs in the pathology of clinical conditions of iron-excess, namely, hereditary hemochromatosis, diabetes, β-thalassaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. This unique review integrates the distinct fields of iron regulation and MSC physiology. Through an iron-perspective, it describes both mechanistic and clinical aspects of MSCs and proposes an iron-linked MSC-contribution to physiology, pathology and therapeutics. It advances the understanding of MSC biology and may aid in identifying signalling pathways, molecular targets and compounds for formulating adjunctive iron-based therapies for excess-iron conditions, and thereby inform regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosha J Mehta
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Centre for Education, King's College London, London, UK
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26
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Huang J, Kong Y, Xie C, Zhou L. Stem/progenitor cell in kidney: characteristics, homing, coordination, and maintenance. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:197. [PMID: 33743826 PMCID: PMC7981824 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02266-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal failure has a high prevalence and is becoming a public health problem worldwide. However, the renal replacement therapies such as dialysis are not yet satisfactory for its multiple complications. While stem/progenitor cell-mediated tissue repair and regenerative medicine show there is light at the end of tunnel. Hence, a better understanding of the characteristics of stem/progenitor cells in kidney and their homing capacity would greatly promote the development of stem cell research and therapy in the kidney field and open a new route to explore new strategies of kidney protection. In this review, we generally summarize the main stem/progenitor cells derived from kidney in situ or originating from the circulation, especially bone marrow. We also elaborate on the kidney-specific microenvironment that allows stem/progenitor cell growth and chemotaxis, and comment on their interaction. Finally, we highlight potential strategies for improving the therapeutic effects of stem/progenitor cell-based therapy. Our review provides important clues to better understand and control the growth of stem cells in kidneys and develop new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yaozhong Kong
- Department of Nephrology, the First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Chao Xie
- Department of Nephrology, the First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Lili Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China.
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27
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Cai J, Qi H, Yao K, Yao Y, Jing D, Liao W, Zhao Z. Non-Coding RNAs Steering the Senescence-Related Progress, Properties, and Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:650431. [PMID: 33816501 PMCID: PMC8017203 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.650431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The thirst to postpone and even reverse aging progress has never been quenched after all these decades. Unequivocally, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), with extraordinary abilities such as self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation, deserve the limelight in this topic. Though having several affable clinical traits, MSCs going through senescence would, on one hand, contribute to age-related diseases and, on the other hand, lead to compromised or even counterproductive therapeutical outcomes. Notably, increasing evidence suggests that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) could invigorate various regulatory processes. With even a slight dip or an uptick of expression, ncRNAs would make a dent in or even overturn cellular fate. Thereby, a systematic illustration of ncRNAs identified so far to steer MSCs during senescence is axiomatically an urgent need. In this review, we introduce the general properties and mechanisms of senescence and its relationship with MSCs and illustrate the ncRNAs playing a role in the cellular senescence of MSCs. It is then followed by the elucidation of ncRNAs embodied in extracellular vesicles connecting senescent MSCs with other cells and diversified processes in and beyond the skeletal system. Last, we provide a glimpse into the clinical methodologies of ncRNA-based therapies in MSC-related fields. Hopefully, the intricate relationship between senescence and MSCs will be revealed one day and our work could be a crucial stepping-stone toward that future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hexu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dian Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Orthodontics, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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28
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Wang J, Zhao H, Zheng L, Zhou Y, Wu L, Xu Y, Zhang X, Yan G, Sheng H, Xin R, Jiang L, Lei J, Zhang J, Chen Y, Peng J, Chen Q, Yang S, Yu K, Li D, Xie Q, Li Y. FGF19/SOCE/NFATc2 signaling circuit facilitates the self-renewal of liver cancer stem cells. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:5045-5060. [PMID: 33754043 PMCID: PMC7978301 DOI: 10.7150/thno.56369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims: Liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) mediate therapeutic resistance and correlate with poor outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-19 is a crucial oncogenic driver gene in HCC and correlates with poor prognosis. However, whether FGF19 signaling regulates the self-renewal of LCSCs is unknown. Methods: LCSCs were enriched by serum-free suspension. Self-renewal of LCSCs were characterized by sphere formation assay, clonogenicity assay, sorafenib resistance assay and tumorigenic potential assays. Ca2+ image was employed to determine the intracellular concentration of Ca2+. Gain- and loss-of function studies were applied to explore the role of FGF19 signaling in the self-renewal of LCSCs. Results: FGF19 was up-regulated in LCSCs, and positively correlated with certain self-renewal related genes in HCC. Silencing FGF19 suppressed self-renewal of LCSCs, whereas overexpressing FGF19 facilitated CSCs-like properties via activation of FGF receptor (FGFR)-4 in none-LCSCs. Mechanistically, FGF19/FGFR4 signaling stimulated store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) through both the PLCγ and ERK1/2 pathways. Subsequently, SOCE-calcineurin signaling promoted the activation and translocation of nuclear factors of activated T cells (NFAT)-c2, which transcriptionally activated the expression of stemness-related genes (e.g., NANOG, OCT4 and SOX2), as well as FGF19. Furthermore, blockade of FGF19/FGFR4-NFATc2 signaling observably suppressed the self-renewal of LCSCs. Conclusions: FGF19/FGFR4 axis promotes the self-renewal of LCSCs via activating SOCE/NFATc2 pathway; in turn, NFATc2 transcriptionally activates FGF19 expression. Targeting this signaling circuit represents a potential strategy for improving the therapeutic efficacy of HCC.
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29
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Shu X, Cao KY, Liu HQ, Yu L, Sun LX, Yang ZH, Wu CA, Ran YL. Alpha-enolase (ENO1), identified as an antigen to monoclonal antibody 12C7, promotes the self-renewal and malignant phenotype of lung cancer stem cells by AMPK/mTOR pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:119. [PMID: 33579362 PMCID: PMC7881626 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02160-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) can be targeted in cancer therapy. We previously identified a monoclonal antibody (mAb) 12C7, which presented anti-tumor activity in lung cancer stem cells (LCSCs). Here, we aimed to identify the target antigen for 12C7 and confirm its role in LCSCs. METHODS Immunofluorescence was used for antigen localization. After targeted antigen purification by electrophoresis and immunoblot, the antigen was identified by LC-MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry, immunofluorescence, and immunoprecipitation. The overexpression or silence of ENO1 was induced by lentiviral transduction. Self-renewal, growth, and invasion of LCSCs were evaluated by sphere formation, colony formation, and invasion assay, respectively. High-throughput transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) and bioinformatics analysis were performed to analyze downstream targets and pathways of targeted antigen. RESULTS Targeted antigen showed a surface antigen expression pattern, and the 43-55 kDa protein band was identified as α-enolase (ENO1). Self-renewal, growth, and invasion abilities of LCSCs were remarkably inhibited by ENO1 downregulation, while enhanced by ENO1 upregulation. RNA-seq and bioinformatics analysis eventually screened 4 self-renewal-related and 6 invasion-related differentially expressed genes. GSEA analysis and qRT-PCR verified that ENO1 regulated self-renewal, invasion-related genes, and pathways. KEGG pathway analysis and immunoblot demonstrated that ENO1 inactivated AMPK pathway and activated mTOR pathway in LCSCs. CONCLUSIONS ENO1 is identified as a targeted antigen of mAb 12C7 and plays a pivotal role in facilitating self-renewal, growth, and invasion of LCSCs. These findings provide a potent therapeutic target for the stem cell therapy for lung cancer and have potential to improve the anti-tumor activity of 12C7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Shu
- Laboratory of Molecular Orthopaedics, Beijing Research Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing JiShuiTan Hospital, No. 31 Xinjiekou E Road, Xicheng, Beijing, 100035, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Yue Cao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Qi Liu
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Medical School of Qinghai University, Xining, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17 Panjiayuan Subdistrict, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Xin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17 Panjiayuan Subdistrict, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17 Panjiayuan Subdistrict, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Ai Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Orthopaedics, Beijing Research Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing JiShuiTan Hospital, No. 31 Xinjiekou E Road, Xicheng, Beijing, 100035, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Liang Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17 Panjiayuan Subdistrict, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Harada S, Mabuchi Y, Kohyama J, Shimojo D, Suzuki S, Kawamura Y, Araki D, Suyama T, Kajikawa M, Akazawa C, Okano H, Matsuzaki Y. FZD5 regulates cellular senescence in human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. Stem Cells 2020; 39:318-330. [PMID: 33338299 PMCID: PMC7986096 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hMSCs) have garnered enormous interest as a potential resource for cell‐based therapies. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating senescence in hMSCs remain unclear. To elucidate these mechanisms, we performed gene expression profiling to compare clonal immature MSCs exhibiting multipotency with less potent MSCs. We found that the transcription factor Frizzled 5 (FZD5) is expressed specifically in immature hMSCs. The FZD5 cell surface antigen was also highly expressed in the primary MSC fraction (LNGFR+THY‐1+) and cultured MSCs. Treatment of cells with the FZD5 ligand WNT5A promoted their proliferation. Upon FZD5 knockdown, hMSCs exhibited markedly attenuated proliferation and differentiation ability. The observed increase in the levels of senescence markers suggested that FZD5 knockdown promotes cellular senescence by regulating the noncanonical Wnt pathway. Conversely, FZD5 overexpression delayed cell cycle arrest during the continued culture of hMSCs. These results indicated that the intrinsic activation of FZD5 plays an essential role in negatively regulating senescence in hMSCs and suggested that controlling FZD5 signaling offers the potential to regulate hMSC quality and improve the efficacy of cell‐replacement therapies using hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiko Harada
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yo Mabuchi
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jun Kohyama
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shimojo
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sadafumi Suzuki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Kawamura
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Aging and Longevity Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Araki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Suyama
- Department of Life Science, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | | | - Chihiro Akazawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Intractable Disease Research Centre, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Matsuzaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Life Science, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
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31
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Parma L, Peters HAB, Sluiter TJ, Simons KH, Lazzari P, de Vries MR, Quax PHA. bFGF blockade reduces intraplaque angiogenesis and macrophage infiltration in atherosclerotic vein graft lesions in ApoE3*Leiden mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15968. [PMID: 32994514 PMCID: PMC7525538 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72992-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraplaque angiogenesis increases the chance of unstable atherosclerotic plaque rupture and thrombus formation leading to myocardial infarction. Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF) plays a key role in angiogenesis and inflammation and is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Therefore, we aim to test K5, a small molecule bFGF-inhibitor, on remodelling of accelerated atherosclerotic vein grafts lesions in ApoE3*Leiden mice. K5-mediated bFGF-signalling blockade strongly decreased intraplaque angiogenesis and intraplaque hemorrhage. Moreover, it reduced macrophage infiltration in the lesions by modulating CCL2 and VCAM1 expression. Therefore, K5 increases plaque stability. To study the isolated effect of K5 on angiogenesis and SMCs-mediated intimal hyperplasia formation, we used an in vivo Matrigel-plug mouse model that reveals the effects on in vivo angiogenesis and femoral artery cuff model to exclusively looks at SMCs. K5 drastically reduced in vivo angiogenesis in the matrigel plug model while no effect on SMCs migration nor proliferation could be seen in the femoral artery cuff model. Moreover, in vitro K5 impaired endothelial cells functions, decreasing migration, proliferation and tube formation. Our data show that K5-mediated bFGF signalling blockade in hypercholesterolemic ApoE3*Leiden mice reduces intraplaque angiogenesis, haemorrhage and inflammation. Therefore, K5 is a promising candidate to stabilize advanced atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Parma
- Department of Vascular Surgery, D6-33, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrika A B Peters
- Department of Vascular Surgery, D6-33, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs J Sluiter
- Department of Vascular Surgery, D6-33, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Karin H Simons
- Department of Vascular Surgery, D6-33, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo Lazzari
- KemoTech SrL, Build 3, Loc. Piscinamanna, 09010, Pula, Italy
| | - Margreet R de Vries
- Department of Vascular Surgery, D6-33, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paul H A Quax
- Department of Vascular Surgery, D6-33, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands. .,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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32
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Cakouros D, Gronthos S. The changing epigenetic landscape of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells during aging. Bone 2020; 137:115440. [PMID: 32445894 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is mounting evidence in the literature that mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) like populations derived from different tissues, undergo epigenetic changes during aging, leading to compromised connective tissue integrity and function. This body of work has linked the biological aging of MSC to changes in their epigenetic signatures affecting growth, lifespan, self-renewal and multi-potential, due to deregulation of processes such as cellular senescence, oxidative stress, DNA damage, telomere shortening and DNA damage. This review addresses recent findings examining DNA methylation, histone modifications and miRNA changes in aging MSC populations. Moreover, we explore how epigenetic factors alter cellular pathways and associated biological networks, contributing to the MSC aging phenotype. Finally we discuss the crucial areas requiring a greater understanding of these processes, in order to piece together a global picture of the changing epigenetic landscape in MSC during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Cakouros
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stan Gronthos
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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Giacomini A, Grillo E, Rezzola S, Ribatti D, Rusnati M, Ronca R, Presta M. The FGF/FGFR system in the physiopathology of the prostate gland. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:569-610. [PMID: 32730114 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00005.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a family of proteins possessing paracrine, autocrine, or endocrine functions in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, angiogenesis, tissue homeostasis, wound repair, and cancer. Canonical FGFs bind and activate tyrosine kinase FGF receptors (FGFRs), triggering intracellular signaling cascades that mediate their biological activity. Experimental evidence indicates that FGFs play a complex role in the physiopathology of the prostate gland that ranges from essential functions during embryonic development to modulation of neoplastic transformation. The use of ligand- and receptor-deleted mouse models has highlighted the requirement for FGF signaling in the normal development of the prostate gland. In adult prostate, the maintenance of a functional FGF/FGFR signaling axis is critical for organ homeostasis and function, as its disruption leads to prostate hyperplasia and may contribute to cancer progression and metastatic dissemination. Dissection of the molecular landscape modulated by the FGF family will facilitate ongoing translational efforts directed toward prostate cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Giacomini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Grillo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara Rezzola
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Rusnati
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Ronca
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Presta
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Deng Y, Zhou Z, Ji W, Lin S, Wang M. METTL1-mediated m 7G methylation maintains pluripotency in human stem cells and limits mesoderm differentiation and vascular development. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:306. [PMID: 32698871 PMCID: PMC7374972 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01814-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background 7-Methylguanosine (m7G) is one of the most conserved modifications in nucleosides within tRNAs and rRNAs. It plays essential roles in the regulation of mRNA export, splicing, and translation. Recent studies highlighted the importance of METTL1-mediated m7G tRNA methylome in the self-renewal of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) through its ability to regulate mRNA translation. However, the exact mechanisms by which METTL1 regulates pluripotency and differentiation in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) remain unknown. In this study, we evaluated the functions and underlying molecular mechanisms of METTL1 in regulating hiPSC self-renewal and differentiation in vivo and in vitro. Methods By establishing METTL1 knockdown (KD) hiPSCs, gene expression profiling was performed by RNA sequencing followed by pathway analyses. Anti-m7G northwestern assay was used to identify m7G modifications in tRNAs and mRNAs. Polysome profiling was used to assess the translation efficiency of the major pluripotent transcription factors. Moreover, the in vitro and in vivo differentiation capacities of METTL1-KD hiPSCs were assessed in embryoid body (EB) formation and teratoma formation assays. Results METTL1 silencing resulted in alterations in the global m7G profile in hiPSCs and reduced the translational efficiency of stem cell marker genes. METTL1-KD hiPSCs exhibited reduced pluripotency with slower cell cycling. Moreover, METTL1 silencing accelerates hiPSC differentiation into EBs and promotes the expression of mesoderm-related genes. Similarly, METTL1 knockdown enhances teratoma formation and mesoderm differentiation in vivo by promoting cell proliferation and angiogenesis in nude mice. Conclusion Our findings provided novel insight into the critical role of METTL1-mediated m7G modification in the regulation of hiPSC pluripotency and differentiation, as well as its potential roles in vascular development and the treatment of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Deng
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Zhongyang Zhou
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Weidong Ji
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shuibin Lin
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Min Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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35
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Wu J, Tian Y, Han L, Liu C, Sun T, Li L, Yu Y, Lamichhane B, D'Souza RN, Millar SE, Krumlauf R, Ornitz DM, Feng JQ, Klein O, Zhao H, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ, Wang X. FAM20B-catalyzed glycosaminoglycans control murine tooth number by restricting FGFR2b signaling. BMC Biol 2020; 18:87. [PMID: 32664967 PMCID: PMC7359594 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00813-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The formation of supernumerary teeth is an excellent model for studying the molecular mechanisms that control stem/progenitor cell homeostasis needed to generate a renewable source of replacement cells and tissues. Although multiple growth factors and transcriptional factors have been associated with supernumerary tooth formation, the regulatory inputs of extracellular matrix in this regenerative process remains poorly understood. RESULTS In this study, we present evidence that disrupting glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the dental epithelium of mice by inactivating FAM20B, a xylose kinase essential for GAG assembly, leads to supernumerary tooth formation in a pattern reminiscent of replacement teeth. The dental epithelial GAGs confine murine tooth number by restricting the homeostasis of Sox2(+) dental epithelial stem/progenitor cells in a non-autonomous manner. FAM20B-catalyzed GAGs regulate the cell fate of dental lamina by restricting FGFR2b signaling at the initial stage of tooth development to maintain a subtle balance between the renewal and differentiation of Sox2(+) cells. At the later cap stage, WNT signaling functions as a relay cue to facilitate the supernumerary tooth formation. CONCLUSIONS The novel mechanism we have characterized through which GAGs control the tooth number in mice may also be more broadly relevant for potentiating signaling interactions in other tissues during development and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Wu
- Southern Medical University Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA.,West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Han
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA.,West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA.,Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Tianyu Sun
- Southern Medical University Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Yanlei Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Bikash Lamichhane
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Rena N D'Souza
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
| | - Sarah E Millar
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Robb Krumlauf
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jian Q Feng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Ophir Klein
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Hu Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA.
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36
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Son J, Tae JY, Min SK, Ko Y, Park JB. Fibroblast growth factor-4 maintains cellular viability while enhancing osteogenic differentiation of stem cell spheroids in part by regulating RUNX2 and BGLAP expression. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:2013-2020. [PMID: 32782511 PMCID: PMC7401302 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are growth factors that were initially identified as proteins that stimulate fibroblast proliferation. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of FGF-4 on the morphology, cellular viability and osteogenic differentiation of stem cell spheroids. Stem cell spheroids were generated using concave microwells in the presence of FGF-4 at concentrations of 0, 50, 100 and 200 ng/ml. Cellular viability was qualitatively assessed by a fluorometric live/dead assay using a microscope and quantitatively determined by using Cell Counting Kit-8. Furthermore, alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition were determined to assess osteogenic differentiation. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was performed to evaluate the mRNA expression levels of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and bone γ-carboxyglutamate protein (BGLAP). Spheroidal shapes were achieved in the microwells on day 1 and a significant increase in the spheroid diameter was observed in the 200 ng/ml FGF-4 group compared with the control group on day 1 (P<0.05). The results regarding viability using Cell Counting Kit-8 in the presence of FGF-4 at 50, 100 and 200 ng/ml at day 1 were 98.0±2.5, 106.2±17.6 and 99.5±6.0%, respectively, when normalized to the control group (P>0.05). Furthermore, the alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly elevated in the 200 ng/ml group, when compared with the control group. The RT-qPCR results demonstrated that the mRNA expression levels of RUNX2 and BGLAP were significantly increased at 200 ng/ml. Therefore, the present results suggested that the application of FGF-4 maintained cellular viability while enhancing the osteogenic differentiation of stem cell spheroids, at least partially by regulating RUNX2 and BGLAP expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juwan Son
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Tae
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Kyung Min
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkyung Ko
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Beom Park
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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Cheng Y, Lin K, Young T, Cheng N. The influence of fibroblast growth factor 2 on the senescence of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells during long-term culture. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:518-530. [PMID: 31840944 PMCID: PMC7103622 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) exhibit great potential in regenerative medicine, and in vitro expansion is frequently necessary to obtain a sufficient number of ASCs for clinical use. Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is a common supplement in the ASC culture medium to enhance cell proliferation. To achieve clinical applicability of ASC-based products, prolonged culture of ASCs is sometimes required to obtain sufficient quantity of ASCs. However, the effect of FGF2 on ASCs during prolonged culture has not been previously determined. In this study, ASCs were subjected to prolonged in vitro culture with or without FGF2. FGF2 maintained the small cell morphology and expedited proliferation kinetics in early ASC passages. After prolonged in vitro expansion, FGF2-treated ASCs exhibited increased cell size, arrested cell proliferation, and increased cellular senescence relative to the control ASCs. We observed an upregulation of FGFR1c and enhanced expression of downstream STAT3 in the initial passages of FGF2-treated ASCs. The application of an FGFR1 or STAT3 inhibitor effectively blocked the enhanced proliferation of ASCs induced by FGF2 treatment. FGFR1c upregulation and enhanced STAT3 expression were lost in the later passages of FGF2-treated ASCs, suggesting that the continuous stimulation of FGF2 becomes ineffective because of the refractory downstream FGFR1 and the STAT3 signaling pathway. In addition, no evidence of tumorigenicity was noted in vitro and in vivo after prolonged expansion of FGF2-cultured ASCs. Our data indicate that ASCs have evolved a STAT3-dependent response to continuous FGF2 stimulation which promotes the initial expansion but limits their long-term proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Cheng
- Department of SurgeryNational Taiwan University Hospital and College of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Kai‐Hsuan Lin
- Department of SurgeryNational Taiwan University Hospital and College of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Tai‐Horng Young
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Nai‐Chen Cheng
- Department of SurgeryNational Taiwan University Hospital and College of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
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Dicks A, Wu CL, Steward N, Adkar SS, Gersbach CA, Guilak F. Prospective isolation of chondroprogenitors from human iPSCs based on cell surface markers identified using a CRISPR-Cas9-generated reporter. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:66. [PMID: 32070421 PMCID: PMC7026983 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01597-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Articular cartilage shows little or no capacity for intrinsic repair, generating a critical need of regenerative therapies for joint injuries and diseases such as osteoarthritis. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) offer a promising cell source for cartilage tissue engineering and in vitro human disease modeling; however, off-target differentiation remains a challenge during hiPSC chondrogenesis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify cell surface markers that define the true chondroprogenitor population and use these markers to purify iPSCs as a means of improving the homogeneity and efficiency of hiPSC chondrogenic differentiation. Methods We used a CRISPR-Cas9-edited COL2A1-GFP knock-in reporter hiPSC line, coupled with a surface marker screen, to identify a novel chondroprogenitor population. Single-cell RNA sequencing was then used to analyze the distinct clusters within the population. An unpaired t test with Welch’s correction or an unpaired Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was performed with significance reported at a 95% confidence interval. Results Chondroprogenitors expressing CD146, CD166, and PDGFRβ, but not CD45, made up an average of 16.8% of the total population. Under chondrogenic culture conditions, these triple-positive chondroprogenitor cells demonstrated decreased heterogeneity as measured by single-cell RNA sequencing with fewer clusters (9 clusters in unsorted vs. 6 in sorted populations) closer together. Additionally, there was more robust and homogenous matrix production (unsorted: 1.5 ng/ng vs. sorted: 19.9 ng/ng sGAG/DNA; p < 0.001) with significantly higher chondrogenic gene expression (i.e., SOX9, COL2A1, ACAN; p < 0.05). Conclusions Overall, this study has identified a unique hiPSC-derived subpopulation of chondroprogenitors that are CD146+/CD166+/PDGFRβ+/CD45− and exhibit high chondrogenic potential, providing a purified cell source for cartilage tissue engineering or disease modeling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Dicks
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Chia-Lung Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Nancy Steward
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Shaunak S Adkar
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Charles A Gersbach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA. .,Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA. .,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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Farzaneh M, Derakhshan Z, Hallajzadeh J, Sarani NH, Nejabatdoust A, Khoshnam SE. Suppression of TGF-β and ERK Signaling Pathways as a New Strategy to Provide Rodent and Non-Rodent Pluripotent Stem Cells. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 14:466-473. [PMID: 30868962 DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666190314110529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are unspecialized cells and excellent model in developmental biology and a promising approach to the treatment of disease and injury. In the last 30 years, pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells were established from murine and primate sources, and display indefinite replicative potential and the ability to differentiate to all three embryonic germ layers. Despite large efforts in many aspects of rodent and non-rodent pluripotent stem cell culture, a number of diverse challenges remain. Natural and synthetic small molecules (SMs) strategy has the potential to overcome these hurdles. Small molecules are typically fast and reversible that target specific signaling pathways, epigenetic processes and other cellular processes. Inhibition of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β/Smad) and fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4)/ERK signaling pathways by SB431542 and PD0325901 small molecules, respectively, known as R2i, enhances the efficiency of mouse, rat, and chicken pluripotent stem cells passaging from different genetic backgrounds. Therefore, the application of SM inhibitors of TGF-β and ERK1/2 with leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) allows the cultivation of pluripotent stem cells in a chemically defined condition. In this review, we discuss recently emerging evidence that dual inhibition of TGF-β and FGF signaling pathways plays an important role in regulating pluripotency in both rodent and non-rodent pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Farzaneh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Derakhshan
- Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jamal Hallajzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Maraghe University of Medical Science, Maraghe, Iran
| | | | - Armin Nejabatdoust
- Department of Biology, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Physiology Research Center, Department of Physiology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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40
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Ling L, Ren X, Cao X, Hassan ABM, Mah S, Sathiyanathan P, Smith RAA, Tan CLL, Eio M, Samsonraj RM, van Wijnen AJ, Raghunath M, Nurcombe V, Hui JH, Cool SM. Enhancing the Efficacy of Stem Cell Therapy with Glycosaminoglycans. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 14:105-121. [PMID: 31902704 PMCID: PMC6962655 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) therapy offers significant potential for osteochondral regeneration. Such applications require their ex vivo expansion in media frequently supplemented with fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2). Particular heparan sulfate (HS) fractions stabilize FGF2-FGF receptor complexes. We show that an FGF2-binding HS variant (HS8) accelerates the expansion of freshly isolated bone marrow hMSCs without compromising their naivety. Importantly, the repair of osteochondral defects in both rats and pigs is improved after treatment with HS8-supplemented hMSCs (MSCHS8), when assessed histologically, biomechanically, or by MRI. Thus, supplementing hMSC culture media with an HS variant that targets endogenously produced FGF2 allows the elimination of exogenous growth factors that may adversely affect their therapeutic potency. An FGF2-binding heparan sulfate (HS8) accelerates the ex vivo expansion of hMSCs hMSCs expanded with HS8 maintain stem cell characteristics and potency HS8-expanded hMSCs improve osteochondral regeneration in animal models HS8 is an effective bio-additive for the scale up of highly potent hMSCs
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ling
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Xiafei Ren
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074/119288, Singapore
| | - Xue Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074/119288, Singapore
| | - Afizah Binte Mohd Hassan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074/119288, Singapore
| | - Sophia Mah
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Padmapriya Sathiyanathan
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Raymond A A Smith
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Clarissa L L Tan
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Michelle Eio
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Rebekah M Samsonraj
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Michael Raghunath
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Victor Nurcombe
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - James H Hui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074/119288, Singapore.
| | - Simon M Cool
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074/119288, Singapore.
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Blocked O-GlcNAc cycling disrupts mouse hematopoeitic stem cell maintenance and early T cell development. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12569. [PMID: 31467334 PMCID: PMC6715813 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48991-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Small numbers of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) balance self-renewal and differentiation to produce the diversity and abundance of cell types that make up the blood system. How nutrients are recruited to support this massive differentiation and proliferation process remains largely unknown. The unique metabolism of adult HSCs, which rely on glycolysis and glutaminolysis, suggests a potential role for the post-translational modification O-GlcNAc as a critical nutrient signal in these cells. Glutamine, glucose, and other metabolites drive the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) ultimately leading to the O-GlcNAc modification of critical intracellular targets. Here, we used a conditional targeted genetic deletion of the enzyme that removes O-GlcNAc, O-GlcNAcase (OGA), to determine the consequences of blocked O-GlcNAc cycling on HSCs. Oga deletion in mouse HSCs resulted in greatly diminished progenitor pools, impaired stem cell self-renewal and nearly complete loss of competitive repopulation capacity. Further, early T cell specification was particularly sensitive to Oga deletion. Loss of Oga resulted in a doubling of apoptotic cells within the bone marrow and transcriptional deregulation of key genes involved in adult stem cell maintenance and lineage specification. These findings suggest that O-GlcNAc cycling plays a critical role in supporting HSC homeostasis and early thymocyte development.
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Mastrolia I, Foppiani EM, Murgia A, Candini O, Samarelli AV, Grisendi G, Veronesi E, Horwitz EM, Dominici M. Challenges in Clinical Development of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells: Concise Review. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:1135-1148. [PMID: 31313507 PMCID: PMC6811694 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Identified 50 years ago, mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) immediately generated a substantial interest among the scientific community because of their differentiation plasticity and hematopoietic supportive function. Early investigations provided evidence of a relatively low engraftment rate and a transient benefit for challenging congenital and acquired diseases. The reasons for these poor therapeutic benefits forced the entire field to reconsider MSC mechanisms of action together with their ex vivo manipulation procedures. This phase resulted in advances in MSCs processing and the hypothesis that MSC‐tissue supportive functions may be prevailing their differentiation plasticity, broadening the spectrum of MSCs therapeutic potential far beyond their lineage‐restricted commitments. Consequently, an increasing number of studies have been conducted for a variety of clinical indications, revealing additional challenges and suggesting that MSCs are still lagging behind for a solid clinical translation. For this reason, our aim was to dissect the current challenges in the development of still promising cell types that, after more than half a century, still need to reach their maturity. stem cells translational medicine2019;8:1135–1148
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Mastrolia
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Program of Cell Therapy and Immuno-Oncology, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Manuela Foppiani
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alba Murgia
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Program of Cell Therapy and Immuno-Oncology, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Anna Valeria Samarelli
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Program of Cell Therapy and Immuno-Oncology, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Grisendi
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Program of Cell Therapy and Immuno-Oncology, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Veronesi
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Program of Cell Therapy and Immuno-Oncology, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Technopole of Mirandola TPM, Mirandola, Modena, Italy
| | - Edwin M Horwitz
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Program of Cell Therapy and Immuno-Oncology, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Rigenerand srl, Medolla, Modena, Italy.,Technopole of Mirandola TPM, Mirandola, Modena, Italy
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43
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Comparative DNA methylomic analyses reveal potential origins of novel epigenetic biomarkers of insulin resistance in monocytes from virally suppressed HIV-infected adults. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:95. [PMID: 31253200 PMCID: PMC6599380 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0694-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared to healthy individuals, those with stably repressed HIV experience a higher risk of developing insulin resistance, a hallmark of pre-diabetes and a major determinant for cardiometabolic diseases. Although epigenetic processes, including in particular DNA methylation, appear to be dysregulated in individuals with insulin resistance, little is known about where these occur in the genomes of immune cells and the origins of these alterations in HIV-infected individuals. Here, we examined the genome-wide DNA methylation states of monocytes in HIV-infected individuals (n = 37) with varying levels of insulin sensitivity measured by the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS By profiling DNA methylation at single-nucleotide resolution using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip in monocytes from insulin-resistant (IR; HOMA-IR ≥ 2.0; n = 14) and insulin-sensitive (IS; HOMA-IR < 2.0; n = 23) individuals, we identified 123 CpGs with significantly different DNA methylation levels. These CpGs were enriched at genes involved in pathways relating to glucose metabolism, immune activation, and insulin-relevant signaling, with the majority (86.2%) being hypomethylated in IR relative to IS individuals. Using a stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis, we observed 4 CpGs (cg27655935, cg02000426, cg10184328, and cg23085143) whose methylation levels independently predicted the insulin-resistant state at a higher confidence than that of clinical risk factors typically associated with insulin resistance (i.e., fasting glucose, 120-min oral glucose tolerance test, Framingham Risk Score, and Total to HDL cholesterol ratio). Interestingly, 79 of the 123 CpGs (64%) exhibited remarkably similar levels of methylation as that of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in monocytes from IR individuals, implicating epigenetic defects in myeloid differentiation as a possible origin for the methylation landscape underlying the insulin resistance phenotype. In support of this, gene ontology analysis of these 79 CpGs revealed overrepresentation of these CpGs at genes relevant to HSC function, including involvement in stem cell pluripotency, differentiation, and Wnt signaling pathways. CONCLUSION Altogether, our data suggests a possible role for DNA methylation in regulating monocyte activity that may associate with the insulin-resistant phenotype. The methylomic landscape of insulin resistance in monocytes could originate from epigenetic dysregulation during HSC differentiation through the myeloid lineage. Understanding the factors involved with changes in the myeloid trajectory may provide further insight into the development of insulin resistance. Furthermore, regulation of specific genes that were implicated in our analysis reveal possible targets for modulating immune activity to ameliorate insulin resistance.
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Endo K, Fujita N, Nakagawa T, Nishimura R. Effect of Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 and Serum on Canine Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenesis. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 25:901-910. [PMID: 30319056 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Tissue engineering using the chondrogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a promising approach for cartilage regenerative therapy. Although dogs are widely used as an animal model for cartilage regeneration, chondrogenic differentiation of canine MSCs is still challenging. In this study, we aimed at establishing the optimal conditions for canine MSC chondrogenesis. Our results demonstrated that preconditioning with fibroblast growth factor-2 and serum-free induction medium enabled robust chondrogenesis of canine MSCs. These findings will allow effective generation of cartilage tissue from canine MSCs and advance research of cartilage regeneration in both dogs and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Endo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Fujita
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nishimura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Crippa S, Rossella V, Aprile A, Silvestri L, Rivis S, Scaramuzza S, Pirroni S, Avanzini MA, Basso-Ricci L, Hernandez RJ, Zecca M, Marktel S, Ciceri F, Aiuti A, Ferrari G, Bernardo ME. Bone marrow stromal cells from β-thalassemia patients have impaired hematopoietic supportive capacity. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1566-1580. [PMID: 30830876 PMCID: PMC6436882 DOI: 10.1172/jci123191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND. The human bone marrow (BM) niche contains a population of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) that provide physical support and regulate hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) homeostasis. β-Thalassemia (BT) is a hereditary disorder characterized by altered hemoglobin beta-chain synthesis amenable to allogeneic HSC transplantation and HSC gene therapy. Iron overload (IO) is a common complication in BT patients affecting several organs. However, data on the BM stromal compartment are scarce. METHODS. MSCs were isolated and characterized from BM aspirates of healthy donors (HDs) and BT patients. The state of IO was assessed and correlated with the presence of primitive MSCs in vitro and in vivo. Hematopoietic supportive capacity of MSCs was evaluated by transwell migration assay and 2D coculture of MSCs with human CD34+ HSCs. In vivo, the ability of MSCs to facilitate HSC engraftment was tested in a xenogenic transplant model, whereas the capacity to sustain human hematopoiesis was evaluated in humanized ossicle models. RESULTS. We report that, despite iron chelation, BT BM contains high levels of iron and ferritin, indicative of iron accumulation in the BM niche. We found a pauperization of the most primitive MSC pool caused by increased ROS production in vitro which impaired MSC stemness properties. We confirmed a reduced frequency of primitive MSCs in vivo in BT patients. We also discovered a weakened antioxidative response and diminished expression of BM niche–associated genes in BT-MSCs. This caused a functional impairment in MSC hematopoietic supportive capacity in vitro and in cotransplantation models. In addition, BT-MSCs failed to form a proper BM niche in humanized ossicle models. CONCLUSION. Our results suggest an impairment in the mesenchymal compartment of BT BM niche and highlight the need for novel strategies to target the niche to reduce IO and oxidative stress before transplantation. FUNDING. This work was supported by the SR-TIGET Core grant from Fondazione Telethon and by Ricerca Corrente.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Crippa
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), and
| | - Valeria Rossella
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), and
| | - Annamaria Aprile
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), and
| | - Laura Silvestri
- Regulation of Iron Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Rivis
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), and
| | | | - Stefania Pirroni
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), and
| | | | - Luca Basso-Ricci
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), and
| | | | - Marco Zecca
- Oncoematologia Pediatrica, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico "San Matteo", Pavia, Italy
| | - Sarah Marktel
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Ciceri
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Aiuti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), and.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuliana Ferrari
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), and.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Ester Bernardo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), and.,Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Abdallah BM, Alzahrani AM, Abdel-Moneim AM, Ditzel N, Kassem M. A simple and reliable protocol for long-term culture of murine bone marrow stromal (mesenchymal) stem cells that retained their in vitro and in vivo stemness in long-term culture. Biol Proced Online 2019; 21:3. [PMID: 30733647 PMCID: PMC6357407 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-019-0091-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone marrow derived stromal stem cells (BMSCs) are a clonogenic cell population that is characterized by self-renewal capacity and differentiation potential into osteoblasts, and other mesenchymal cell types. Mouse BMSCs (mBMSCs) are difficult to be cultured and propagated in vitro due to their replicative senescent phenotype, heterogeneity and high contamination with plastic adherent hematopoietic progenitors (HPCs). In this study, we described long-term culture of homogenous population of mBMSCs using simple and highly reproducible approach based on frequent subculturing (FS) at fixed split ratio in the presence of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). RESULTS Cultured mBMSCs using this protocol (mBMSCs-FS) showed long-term survival in culture > 70 population doubling (PD) and retained their characteristic surface markers and differentiation capacity into osteoblast and adipocyte lineages. When compared to the clonal bone marrow-derived cell line ST2, mBMSCs-FS displayed more enhanced osteoblast differentiation potential and responsiveness to osteogenic factors including BMPs, IGF-1, PDGF, TGFβ1,3, FGF, cAMP, Wnt3a and VEGF. In addition, unlike ST2 cells, mBMSCs-FS maintained capacity to form ectopic bone and bone marrow stroma upon in vivo transplantation in immune-compromising mice, even at high PD levels. Interestingly, by applying the same FS + bFGF protocol, we succeeded to obtain long-term cultures of primary neonatal calvarial osteoprogenitor cells (OBs) that were cultured for more than 70 PD and maintained in vitro and in vivo osteoblast differentiation capacities. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide a simple and reliable protocol for generating long-term cultures of mBMSCs and OBs with retained high in vitro and in vivo osteoblast differentiation capacities for use in pre-clinical and molecular mechanism studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basem M. Abdallah
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Al-Ahsa 31982 Saudi Arabia
- Endocrine Research (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Abdullah M. Alzahrani
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Al-Ahsa 31982 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf M. Abdel-Moneim
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Al-Ahsa 31982 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nicholas Ditzel
- Endocrine Research (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Endocrine Research (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, DanStem (Danish Stem Cell Center), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Whitworth DJ, Limnios IJ, Gauthier ME, Weeratunga P, Ovchinnikov DA, Baillie G, Grimmond SM, Graves JAM, Wolvetang EJ. Platypus Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: The Unique Pluripotency Signature of a Monotreme. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:151-164. [PMID: 30417748 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) is an egg-laying monotreme mammal whose ancestors diverged ∼166 million years ago from the evolutionary pathway that eventually gave rise to both marsupial and eutherian mammals. Consequently, its genome is an extraordinary amalgam of both ancestral reptilian and derived mammalian features. To gain insight into the evolution of mammalian pluripotency, we have generated induced pluripotent stem cells from the platypus (piPSCs). Deep sequencing of the piPSC transcriptome revealed that piPSCs robustly express the core eutherian pluripotency factors POU5F1/OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG. Given the more extensive role of SOX3 over SOX2 in avian pluripotency, our data indicate that between 315 and 166 million years ago, primitive mammals replaced the role of SOX3 in the vertebrate pluripotency network with SOX2. DAX1/NR0B1 is not expressed in piPSCs and an analysis of the platypus DAX1 promoter revealed the absence of a proximal SOX2-binding DNA motif known to be critical for DAX1 expression in eutherian pluripotent stem cells, suggesting that the acquisition of SOX2 responsiveness by DAX1 has facilitated its recruitment into the pluripotency network of eutherians. Using the RNAseq data, we were also able to demonstrate that in both fibroblasts and piPSCs, the expression ratio of X chromosomes to autosomes (X1-5 X1-5:AA) is approximately equal to 1, indicating that there is no upregulation of X-linked genes. Finally, the RNAseq data also allowed us to explore the process of X-linked gene inactivation in the platypus, where we determined that for any given gene, there is no preference for silencing of the maternal or paternal allele; that is, within a population of cells, the silencing of X-linked genes is not imprinted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanne J Whitworth
- 1 School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia.,2 Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Ioannis J Limnios
- 2 Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.,3 Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, Australia.,4 Clem Jones Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | - Dmitry A Ovchinnikov
- 2 Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Gregory Baillie
- 5 Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Sean M Grimmond
- 5 Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | | | - Ernst J Wolvetang
- 2 Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
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Park J, Lee JH, Yoon BS, Jun EK, Lee G, Kim IY, You S. Additive effect of bFGF and selenium on expansion and paracrine action of human amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:293. [PMID: 30409167 PMCID: PMC6225588 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1058-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cell-derived conditioned medium (MSC-CM) has emerged as a promising cell-free tool for restoring degenerative diseases and treating traumatic injuries. The present study describes the effect of selenium as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger and its additive effect with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on in vitro expansion of amniotic fluid (AF)-MSCs and the paracrine actions of AF-MSC-CM as well as the associated cellular and molecular mechanisms. Methods In this study, we obtained CM from human AF-MSCs cultured with selenium. The stemness of selenium-treated AF-MSCs was evaluated by cell growth and differentiation potential. Human fibroblasts were treated with AF-MSC-CM and analyzed for cell signaling changes. For in vivo wound healing assay, ICR mice with a full-thickness skin wound were used. Results Selenium played a critical role in in vitro expansion of AF-MSCs through activation of the AKT-ERK1/2, Smad2, and Stat3 signaling pathways along with inactivation of GSK3β. When administered together with bFGF, it showed remarkable effect in inhibiting ROS accumulation and preserving their multipotency. Proliferation and migration of human dermal fibroblasts and in vivo wound healing were improved in the CMs derived from AF-MSCs exposed to selenium and bFGF, which was caused by the Smad2, AKT-MEK1/2-ERK, and NFκB signaling triggered by the paracrine factors of AF-MSCs, such as TGF-β, VEGF, and IL-6. Our results suggest the following: (a) supplementation of selenium in AF-MSC culture contributes to in vitro expansion and preservation of multipotency, (b) ROS accumulation causes progressive losses in proliferative and differentiation potential, (c) the separate activities of bFGF and selenium in MSCs exert an additive effect when used together, and (d) the additive combination improves the therapeutic effects of AF-MSC-derived CMs on tissue repair and regeneration. Conclusion Antioxidants, such as selenium, should be considered as an essential supplement for eliciting the paracrine effects of MSC-CMs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-1058-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyun Park
- Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-go, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Han Lee
- Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-go, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Sun Yoon
- Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-go, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,StemLab, Venture Incubation Center Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Jun
- Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-go, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,StemLab, Venture Incubation Center Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Gilju Lee
- Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-go, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - In Yong Kim
- Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-go, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea. .,Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seungkwon You
- Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-go, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea. .,Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Republic of Korea.
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Ehrhart J, Sanberg PR, Garbuzova-Davis S. Plasma derived from human umbilical cord blood: Potential cell-additive or cell-substitute therapeutic for neurodegenerative diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:6157-6166. [PMID: 30334335 PMCID: PMC6237605 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited efficacy of current therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative disease has led to increased interest in alternative therapies. Cord blood plasma (CBP) derived from human umbilical cord blood (hUCB) may be a potential therapeutic. Benefits of CBP injection into rodent models of aging or ischaemic stroke have been demonstrated, though how benefits are elicited is still unclear. The present study evaluated various factors within the same samples of CBP and human adult blood plasma/sera (ABP/S). Also, autologous CBP effects vs. ABP/S or foetal bovine serum supplements on mononuclear cells from hUCB (MNC hUCB) in vitro were determined. Results showed significantly low concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) and elevated chemokine IL-8 in CBP. Significantly higher levels of VEGF, G-CSF, EGF and FGF-basic growth factors were determined in CBP vs. ABP/S. Autologous CBP media supplements significantly increased MNC hUCB viability and decreased apoptotic cell activity. We are first to demonstrate the unique CBP composition of cytokines and growth factors within the same CBP samples derived from hUCB. Also, our novel finding that autologous CBP promoted MNC hUCB viability and reduced apoptotic cell death in vitro supports CBP's potential as a sole therapeutic or cell-additive agent in developing therapies for various neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul R Sanberg
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.,Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.,Department of Psychiatry, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Svitlana Garbuzova-Davis
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.,Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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Mulyani SWM, Ernawati DS, Astuti ER, Rantam FA. Hypoxic preconditioning effect on stromal cells derived factor-1 and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 expression in Wistar rat's ( Rattus norvegicus) bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells ( in vitro study). Vet World 2018; 11:965-970. [PMID: 30147267 PMCID: PMC6097555 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.965-970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To examine the effect of hypoxic preconditions on the ability of bone marrow stem cells culture mediated expression C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) and stromal cells derived factor-1 (SDF-1) in vitro. Materials and Methods Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were derived from 12 femurs of 200 g Wistar male rats. The animals were euthanized before BMSCs isolation. BMSCs were divided into two groups, control group: Normoxic condition 21% O2 and treatment group: Hypoxic condition 1% O2. The characterization of BMSCs was analyzed using flow cytometry by cluster differentiation 34 and cluster differentiation 105. The expression of CXCR4 and SDF-1 measured using immunocytochemistry immunofluorescence label after 48-h incubation in a low-tension oxygen chamber with an internal atmosphere consisting of 95% N2, 5% CO2, and 1% O2. All data were subjected to a normality test and then analyzed using t-test statistic (p<0.05). Results The characterization of bone marrow stem cells showed positive cluster differentiation 34 and cluster differentiation 105. A hypoxic precondition (1% O2) in culture increases CXCR4 (p=0.000) and SDF-1 expression than normoxic conditions (p=0.000) (p<0.05). Conclusion Hypoxic preconditioning with 1% O2 increase CXCR4 and SDF1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Wigati Mardi Mulyani
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Diah Savitri Ernawati
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Eha Renwi Astuti
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Fedik Abdul Rantam
- Stem Cell Research Center and Development, Airlangga University Surabaya, Indonesia.,Lab of Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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