1
|
Dolar A, Petrišič T, Drobne D, Jemec Kokalj A. Response of the terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber to lipopolysaccharide challenge after microplastic and insecticide exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 925:171698. [PMID: 38499105 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The exposure of organisms to microplastics could compromise their ability to cope with other environmental stressors, such as infections. In this context, we investigated the effects of a 14-day exposure of the terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber to tire particles in soil (1.5 % w w-1 dry weight) on the organisms' response to a secondary exposure, i.e., injection of the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide. In addition, the insecticide chlorpyrifos (2 mg kg-1 dry weight) was tested as a positive control. The survival and immune response of P. scaber was assessed at the end of the 7- and 14-day primary exposure and two days after the secondary exposure, by analyzing selected haemolymph immune parameters (total haemocyte count, differential haemocyte count, and haemocyte viability). No change in survival was observed after primary exposure of P. scaber to tire particles or chlorpyrifos. However, primary exposure to chlorpyrifos triggered a strong activation of the immune response, which was not the case following exposure to the tire particles. Further injection of lipopolysaccharide into the body did not affect the survival of animals exposed to tire particles or chlorpyrifos, while a strong immunomodulatory change was observed, particularly with chlorpyrifos, and to some extent, tire particles. Based on these results, we conclude that exposure of P. scaber to tire particles or chlorpyrifos has no significant effect on the susceptibility of the organism to lipopolysaccharide in terms of their mortality, but primary exposure to an insecticide significantly modulates the immune response of the organisms to a second stressor. We discuss the "stress on stress" approach for testing low-toxic substances, such as microplastics, where an environmentally realistic exposure is followed by a secondary exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andraž Dolar
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Tina Petrišič
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjana Drobne
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anita Jemec Kokalj
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lencioni V, Rizzi C, Gobbi M, Mustoni A, Villa S. Glacier foreland insect uptake synthetic compounds: an emerging environmental concern. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:113859-113873. [PMID: 37855959 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30387-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides, synthetic fragrances and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated two glacier-fed streams (Amola, Mandrone) and one spring (Grostè) in the Italian Alps. Ten compounds (chlorpyrifos (CPY), chlorpyrifos-methyl (CPY-m), galaxolide (HHCB), tonalide (AHTN), fluorene (Flu), phenanthrene (Phen), anthracene (Ant), fluoranthene (Fl), pyrene (Pyr), benzo[a]anthracene (BaA)) accumulated in aquatic larvae of chironomids (Diamesa steinboecki, D. latitarsis, D. bertrami, D. tonsa, D. zernyi, Pseudokiefferiella parva, Orthocladiinae) and tipulids. Their tissue concentrations (detected by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry) ranged from 1.1 ± 0.1 ng/g d.w. (= dry weight) (CPY-m in D. tonsa from Amola) to 68.0 ± 9.1 ng/g d.w. (Pyr in D. steinboecki from Mandrone). HHCB, AHTN, and CPY, with one exception, were accumulated by all aquatic insects. Six compounds (CPY, CPY-m, HHCB, AHTN, Fl, Pyr) also contaminated carabids (Nebria germarii, N. castanea, N. jockischii) predating adults of merolimnic insects. Their tissue concentrations ranged from 1.1 ± 0.3 ng/g d.w. (CPY-m in N. germarii from Mandrone) to 84.6 ± 0.3 ng/g d.w. (HHCB in N. castanea from Grostè). HHCB and AHTN were accumulated by all Nebria species. Intersite and interspecies differences were observed, which might be attributed to different environmental contamination levels. There was a stronger similarity between species from the same site than among the same species from different sites, suggesting that uptake is not species specific. At all sites, the concentration of xenobiotics was higher in larvae than in water and comparable or higher in carabids than in larvae from the same site, suggesting trophic transfer by emerging aquatic insects to their riparian predators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Lencioni
- Climate and Ecology Unit, Research and Museum Collections Office, MUSE-Museo delle Scienze, Corso del Lavoro e della Scienza, 3, 38122, Trento, Italy.
| | - Cristiana Rizzi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences DISAT, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Gobbi
- Climate and Ecology Unit, Research and Museum Collections Office, MUSE-Museo delle Scienze, Corso del Lavoro e della Scienza, 3, 38122, Trento, Italy
| | - Andrea Mustoni
- Adamello Brenta Natural Park, Via Nazionale, 24, 38080, Strembo (Trento), Italy
| | - Sara Villa
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences DISAT, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang M, Hou J, Deng R. Co-exposure of environmental contaminants with unfavorable temperature or humidity/moisture: Joint hazards and underlying mechanisms. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 264:115432. [PMID: 37660530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
In the context of global climate change, organisms in their natural habitats usually suffer from unfavorable climatic conditions together with environmental pollution. Temperature and humidity (or moisture) are two central climatic factors, while their relationships with the toxicity of contaminants are not well understood. This review provides a synthesis of existing knowledge on important interactions between contaminant toxicity and climatic conditions of unfavorable temperature, soil moisture, and air humidity. Both high temperature and low moisture can extensively pose severe combined hazards with organic pollutants, heavy metal ions, nanoparticles, or microplastics. There is more information on the combined effects on animalia than on other kingdoms. Prevalent mechanisms underlying their joint effects include the increased bioavailability and bioaccumulation of contaminants, modified biotransformation of contaminants, enhanced induction of oxidative stress, accelerated energy consumption, interference with cell membranes, and depletion of bodily fluids. However, the interactions of contaminants with low temperature or high humidity/moisture, particularly on plants and microorganisms, are relatively vague and need to be further revealed. This work emphasizes that the co-exposure of chemical and physical stressors results in detrimental effects generally greater than those caused by either stressor. It is necessary to take this into consideration in the ecological risk assessment of both environmental contamination and climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingpu Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Jie Hou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rui Deng
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dai W, Slotsbo S, Xie L, Wang Y, Damgaard C, Holmstrup M. Increased daily temperature fluctuations exacerbate the toxicity of phenanthrene in Enchytraeus albidus (Enchytraeidae). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162403. [PMID: 36841403 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Temperature variability in soils is expected to increase due to the more frequent occurrence of heat waves, putting species under thermal stress. In addition, organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are released into the environment due to anthropogenic activities. Both stressors negatively impact terrestrial organisms and may interact with each other. Here, we subjected the soil living enchytraeid, Enchytraeus albidus, to combined exposure to phenanthrene (PHE; 0, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg kg-1 dry soil) and a range of temperature treatments (constant temperature (CT): 10, 15 and 20 °C; different mean temperature with the same daily temperature fluctuation (DTF-5): 10 ± 5, 15 ± 5 and 20 ± 5 °C; daily temperature fluctuation with the same mean, but different amplitudes (DTF-A): 20, 20 ± 2, 20 ± 5 and 20 ± 7 °C). We measured internal PHE concentration in adults and found that an increase in mean temperature significantly increased the internal PHE concentration. The production of juveniles was measured using a standardized test. We found a synergistic interaction between the temperature amplitude (DTF-A treatments) and PHE on the reproduction of E. albidus. The EC50 of reproduction decreased with increasing amplitude. These results show that the negative effects of PHE on E. albidus can be magnified if stressful temperatures are reached (although briefly) during diurnal fluctuations of soil temperature. Our results highlight the importance and inclusion of extreme thermal events in the risk assessment of pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wencai Dai
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Section of Terrestrial Ecology, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Alle 4, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Stine Slotsbo
- Section of Terrestrial Ecology, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Alle 4, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Liyan Xie
- Section of Terrestrial Ecology, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Alle 4, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Yang Wang
- Section of Terrestrial Ecology, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Alle 4, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Christian Damgaard
- Section of Terrestrial Ecology, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Alle 4, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Martin Holmstrup
- Section of Terrestrial Ecology, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Alle 4, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ricupero M, Abbes K, Haddi K, Kurtulus A, Desneux N, Russo A, Siscaro G, Biondi A, Zappalà L. Combined thermal and insecticidal stresses on the generalist predator Macrolophus pygmaeus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 729:138922. [PMID: 32498167 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ecotoxicological risk assessments of pesticides on non-target arthropods are often carried out under constant and optimal temperature regimes. However, living organisms rarely experience these conditions in real field situations. Understanding the impact of pesticides on non-target beneficial arthropods under temperature stresses is especially important in terms of global warming. We assessed the lethal and sublethal effects of four modern insecticides (chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, spinetoram, spinosad), on the generalist predator Macrolophus pygmaeus (Hemiptera: Miridae) under a range of temperatures (from 10 to 40°C) frequently experienced in a real field scenario. A reduction coefficient (Ex) was calculated by summarizing the mortality and predator reproductive capacity and, the chemicals were classified according to the International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC) toxicity classes. The insecticides showed a marked synergistic effect with temperature, as the predator mortality and reproductive outputs were significantly correlated with increasing temperatures. Spinosyns interacted significantly with temperature causing the highest mortality and lowest fertility rates. Anthranilic diamides showed a safer ecotoxicological profile compared to spinosyns, with cyantraniliprole being more harmful than chlorantraniliprole. These results suggest that temperature should be taken into account in pesticide ecotoxicology studies within the framework of integrated pest management and the recent climate changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Ricupero
- University of Catania, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Catania, Italy
| | - Khaled Abbes
- University of Catania, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Catania, Italy; University of Sousse, High Agronomic Institute of Chott-Mariem, 4042, Chott-Mariem, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Khalid Haddi
- University of Catania, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Catania, Italy; Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Department of Entomology, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alican Kurtulus
- University of Catania, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Catania, Italy; Cukurova University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Plant Protection, 01330 Adana, Turkey
| | - Nicolas Desneux
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, UMR ISA, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Agatino Russo
- University of Catania, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Catania, Italy
| | - Gaetano Siscaro
- University of Catania, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Biondi
- University of Catania, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Catania, Italy
| | - Lucia Zappalà
- University of Catania, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Catania, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kheirallah DAM, Samad LME. Histological and Ultrastructure Alterations in the Midgut of Blaps polycresta and Trachyderma hispida (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Induced by Heavy Metals Pollution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.3923/ajbs.2019.637.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
7
|
Sadeq SA, Beckerman AP. The Chronic Effects of Copper and Cadmium on Life History Traits Across Cladocera Species: A Meta-analysis. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 76:1-16. [PMID: 30178132 PMCID: PMC6326991 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-018-0555-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The effect of sublethal concentrations of heavy metals on cladoceran growth and reproduction is a cornerstone of modern ecotoxicology. However, the literature contains assays across numerous concentrations, on numerous species and genotypes, and conditions are far from consistent. We undertook a systematic review of the sublethal effects of copper and cadmium concentrations on Cladocera spp. life history (reproduction, maturation age, and somatic growth rate). Using meta-analysis, we tested the hypothesis that the effects of increasing Cu and Cd concentrations on traits may vary by species. We also evaluated where possible whether the effect of metal concentrations on traits vary by water hardness, exposure duration, or whether the metals were delivered in aqueous solution or via food. We surveyed > 200 papers, resulting in a set of 32 experimental studies representing 446 trials where the results were presented compared with Daphnia magna-the most commonly assayed species. We found qualitatively similar effects of Cu and Cd on life history traits that included reduction in reproduction and somatic growth rate and delay of maturation. Cladocera species showed marked variations in their susceptibility to metals, and D. magna was found to be the least sensitive species to sublethal changes in reproduction. The effects were largely consistent for aqueous vs. dietary food. Water hardness, where data were available, had no detectable effect. Available data indicate that exposure duration had no effect on the toxicity of Cu but did for D. magna reproductive response to Cd. Our study highlights the importance of including species identity when considering toxicological testing and regulation development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shlair A Sadeq
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Alfred Denny Building, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
| | - Andrew P Beckerman
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Alfred Denny Building, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kędzior R, Kosewska A, Skalski T. Co-occurrence pattern of ground beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) assemblages along pollution gradient in scotch pine forest. COMMUNITY ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1556/168.2018.19.2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Kędzior
- Department of Ecology Climatology and Air Protection, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
| | - A. Kosewska
- Department of Entomology, Phytopathology and Molecular Diagnostic, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawochenskiego 17, 10-687 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - T. Skalski
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Philippe C, Grégoir AF, Thoré ESJ, Brendonck L, De Boeck G, Pinceel T. Acute sensitivity of the killifish Nothobranchius furzeri to a combination of temperature and reference toxicants (cadmium, chlorpyrifos and 3,4-dichloroaniline). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:10029-10038. [PMID: 29380199 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1278-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic organisms of inland waters are often subjected to a combination of stressors. Yet, few experiments assess mixed stress effects beyond a select group of standard model organisms. We studied the joint toxicity of reference toxicants and increased temperature on the turquoise killifish, Nothobranchius furzeri, a promising model for ecotoxicological research due to the species' short life cycle and the production of drought-resistant eggs. The acute sensitivity of the larval stage (2dph) to three compounds (cadmium, 3,4-dichloroaniline and chlorpyrifos) was tested in combination with a temperature increase of 4 °C, mimicking global warming. Dose-response relationships were used to calculate 96h-LC50 of 0.28 mg/L (24 °C) and 0.39 mg/L (28 °C) for cadmium, 96h-LC50 of 9.75 mg/L (24 °C) and 6.61 mg/L (28 °C) for 3,4-dichloroaniline and 96h-LC50 of 15.4 μg/L (24 °C) and 14.2 μg/L (28 °C) for chlorpyrifos. After 24 h of exposure, the toxicity of all tested compounds was exacerbated under increased temperature. Furthermore, the interaction effect of cadmium and temperature could be predicted by the stress addition model (SAM). This suggests the applicability of the model for fish and at the same time indicates that the model could be suitable to predict effects of temperature-toxicant interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Philippe
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Arnout F Grégoir
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eli S J Thoré
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Brendonck
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gudrun De Boeck
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tom Pinceel
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Centre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Suszek-Łopatka B, Maliszewska-Kordybach B, Klimkowicz-Pawlas A, Smreczak B. Influence of temperature on phenanthrene toxicity towards nitrifying bacteria in three soils with different properties. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 216:911-918. [PMID: 27394082 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the combined effect of environmental conditions (temperature) and contamination (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs) on the activity of soil microorganisms (nitrifying bacteria). Phenanthrene (Phe) at five contamination levels (0, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 mg kg(-1) dry mass of soil) was employed as a model PAH compound in laboratory experiments that were conducted at three temperatures (i.e., 20 °C (recommended by ISO 15685 method), 15 and 30 °C). Three soils with different properties were used in these studies, and the activity of the nitrifying bacteria was assessed based on nitrification potential (NP) determinations. For the statistical evaluation of the results, the ANCOVA (analysis of covariance) method for three independent variables (i.e., temperature, phenanthrene concentration, soil matrix (as a qualitative variable)) and their interactions was employed. The results indicated on the significant interaction of all studied factors. Temperature influenced the toxicity of Phe towards NP, and this effect was related to the Phe concentration as well as was varied for the different soils. A low content of soil organic matter (controlling bioavailability of phenanthrene to soil microorganisms) enhanced the combined effect of temperature and Phe toxicity, and a high biological activity of the soil (high NP values) increased the effect of high temperature on the Phe stimulatory influence. The results indicate that the temperature should not be neglected in tests evaluating PAH ecotoxicity, especially for reliable ecological risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beata Suszek-Łopatka
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute (IUNG-PIB), Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
| | - Barbara Maliszewska-Kordybach
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute (IUNG-PIB), Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute (IUNG-PIB), Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
| | - Bożena Smreczak
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute (IUNG-PIB), Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Morgado RG, Gomes PAD, Ferreira NGC, Cardoso DN, Santos MJG, Soares AMVM, Loureiro S. Toxicity interaction between chlorpyrifos, mancozeb and soil moisture to the terrestrial isopod Porcellionides pruinosus. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:1845-1853. [PMID: 26539709 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A main source of uncertainty currently associated with environmental risk assessment of chemicals is the poor understanding of the influence of environmental factors on the toxicity of xenobiotics. Aiming to reduce this uncertainty, here we evaluate the joint-effects of two pesticides (chlorpyrifos and mancozeb) on the terrestrial isopod Porcellionides pruinosus under different soil moisture regimes. A full factorial design, including three treatments of each pesticide and an untreated control, were performed under different soil moisture regimes: 25%, 50%, and 75% WHC. Our results showed that soil moisture had no effects on isopods survival, at the levels assessed in this experiment, neither regarding single pesticides nor mixture treatments. Additivity was always the most parsimonious result when both pesticides were present. Oppositely, both feeding activity and biomass change showed a higher sensitivity to soil moisture, with isopods generally showing worse performance when exposed to pesticides and dry or moist conditions. Most of the significant differences between soil moisture regimes were found in single pesticide treatments, yet different responses to mixtures could still be distinguished depending on the soil moisture assessed. This study shows that while soil moisture has the potential to influence the effects of the pesticide mixture itself, such effects might become less important in a context of complex combinations of stressors, as the major contribution comes from its individual interaction with each pesticide. Finally, the implications of our results are discussed in light of the current state of environmental risk assessment procedures and some future perspectives are advanced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui G Morgado
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Pedro A D Gomes
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nuno G C Ferreira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diogo N Cardoso
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Miguel J G Santos
- Environmental Protection Authority, Level 10, 215 Lambton Quay, Private Bag 63002, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus de Gurupi. Rua Badejós, Zona Rural, Cx. Postal 66, CEP: 77402-970, Gurupi-TO, Brazil
| | - Susana Loureiro
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tüzün N, Debecker S, Op de Beeck L, Stoks R. Urbanisation shapes behavioural responses to a pesticide. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 163:81-88. [PMID: 25863029 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The degree of urbanisation is rapidly increasing worldwide. Due to anthropogenic impact, urban populations are exposed to higher levels of contaminants and higher temperatures. Despite this, urbanisation is a largely overlooked spatial component in ecotoxicology. We tested in a common garden rearing experiment whether replicated urban and rural populations of the damselfly Coenagrion puella differ in their vulnerability to sublethal levels of a widespread pesticide, chlorpyrifos, in terms of ecologically relevant behaviours (exploration behaviour, activity, boldness and food intake), and to what extent these patterns are affected by temperature (20 and 24°C). Except boldness, all behaviours were affected by previous pesticide exposure. While the pesticide did not affect exploration behaviour at 20°C, it was associated with increased exploration at 24°C, which may reflect an increased toxicity of chlorpyrifos at higher temperatures. Importantly, rural and urban larvae showed consistently different, sometimes even opposite behavioural responses to pesticide exposure. When exposed to the pesticide, rural larvae decreased activity and food intake at both temperatures; urban larvae instead increased activity at both temperatures and only reduced food intake at the high temperature. This suggests that urban larvae were less affected by the pesticide, which would be consistent with a scenario of local adaptation to higher contaminant levels. Our results highlight that urbanisation may be an important factor to arrive at a spatially explicit ecological risk assessment, and may be an ignored reason why studies on the same species may generate widely different vulnerabilities to pesticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nedim Tüzün
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Sara Debecker
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lin Op de Beeck
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dinh Van K, Janssens L, Debecker S, Stoks R. Warming increases chlorpyrifos effects on predator but not anti-predator behaviours. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 152:215-221. [PMID: 24792152 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent insights indicate that negative effects of pesticides on aquatic biota occur at concentrations that current legislation considers environmentally protective. We here address two, potentially interacting, mechanisms that may contribute to the underestimation of the impact of sublethal pesticide effects in single species tests at room temperature: the impairment of predator and antipredator behaviours and the stronger impact of organophosphate pesticides at higher temperatures. To address these issues we assessed the effects of chlorpyrifos on the predator and antipredator behaviours of larvae of the damselfly Ischnura elegans, important intermediate predators in aquatic food webs, in a common-garden warming experiment with replicated low- and high-latitude populations along the latitudinal gradient of this species in Europe. Chlorpyrifos reduced the levels of predator behavioural endpoints, and this reduction was stronger at the higher temperature for head orientations and feeding strikes. Chlorpyrifos also impaired two key antipredator behavioural endpoints, activity reductions in response to predator cues were smaller in the presence of chlorpyrifos, and chlorpyrifos caused a lower escape swimming speed; these effects were independent of temperature. This suggests chlorpyrifos may impact food web interactions by changing predator-prey interactions both with higher (predators) and lower trophic levels (food). Given that only the interaction with the lower trophic level was more impaired at higher temperatures, the overall pesticide-induced changes in food web dynamics may be strongly temperature-dependent. These findings were consistent in damselflies from low- and high-latitude populations, illustrating that thermal adaptation will not mitigate the increased toxicity of pesticides at higher temperatures. Our study not only underscores the relevance of including temperature and prey-predator interactions in ecological risk assessment but also their potential interplay and thereby highlights the complexity of contaminant effects on predator-prey interactions being differentially temperature-dependent pending on the trophic level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khuong Dinh Van
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraaat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Aquaculture, Nha Trang University, No 2 Nguyen Dinh Chieu, Nha Trang, Vietnam.
| | - Lizanne Janssens
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraaat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Sara Debecker
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraaat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Robby Stoks
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraaat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bednarska AJ, Jevtić DM, Laskowski R. More ecological ERA: incorporating natural environmental factors and animal behavior. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2013; 9:e39-46. [PMID: 23625590 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.1444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We discuss the importance of selected natural abiotic and biotic factors in ecological risk assessment based on simplistic laboratory bioassays. Although it is impossible to include all possible natural factors in standard lower-tier ecotoxicological testing, neglecting them is not an option. Therefore, we try to identify the most important factors and advocate redesigning standard testing procedures to include theoretically most potent interactions. We also point out a few potentially important factors that have not been studied enough so far. The available data allowed us to identify temperature and O2 depletion as the most critical factors that should be included in ecotoxicity testing as soon as possible. Temporal limitations and fluctuations in food availability also appear important, but at this point more fundamental research in this area is necessary before making decisions on their inclusion in risk assessment procedures. We propose using specific experimental designs, such as Box-Behnken or Central Composite, which allow for simultaneous testing of 3 or more factors for their individual and interactive effects with greater precision and without increasing the effort and costs of tests dramatically. Factorial design can lead to more powerful tests and help to extend the validity of conclusions. Finally, ecological risk assessment procedures should include information on animal behavior, especially feeding patterns. This requires more basic studies, but already at this point adequate mechanistic effect models can be developed for some species.
Collapse
|
15
|
Gagné SA, Fahrig L. Do birds and beetles show similar responses to urbanization? ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2011; 21:2297-2312. [PMID: 21939062 DOI: 10.1890/09-1905.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To date, the vast majority of studies in urban areas have been carried out on birds, yet it is not known whether the responses of birds to urbanization are congruent with those of other taxa. In this paper, we compared the responses of breeding birds and carabid beetles to urbanization, specifically asking whether the emerging generalizations of the effects of extreme levels of urbanization on birds (declines in total species richness and the richness of specialist species, increases in total abundance and the abundances of native generalist and introduced species, and community simplification, including increasing similarity) could also be applied to ground beetles. We also directly tested for congruence between birds and ground beetles using correlations between variables describing bird and beetle community structure and correlations between bird and beetle distance matrices describing community dissimilarity between pairs of sampling locations. Breeding bird and carabid beetle community data were collected in Ottawa, Ontario, and Gatineau, Quebec, Canada, in two groups of sites: developed sites representing the predictor variable within-site housing density, and forested sites adjacent to development representing the predictor variable neighboring housing density (each site was 0.25 km2). Breeding birds and carabid beetles do not respond similarly to increasing within-site housing density but do exhibit some similar responses to increasing neighboring housing density. Birds displayed strong declines in diversity, compositional changes, and community simplification in response to increasing within-site housing density. Forest and introduced species of birds and beetles responded similarly to increasing housing density within a site, but responses of overall diversity and open-habitat species richness and patterns of community simplification differed between birds and beetles. Increasing neighboring housing density resulted in increases in the abundances of introduced birds and introduced beetles and similar patterns of community simplification in both taxa. To better understand and mitigate the effects of urbanization on biodiversity, we suggest that, in addition to the responses of birds, future research should focus on the responses of other taxa in the urban matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Gagné
- Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bednarska AJ, Brzeska A, Laskowski R. Two-phase uptake of nickel in the ground beetle Pterostichus oblongopunctatus (Coleoptera: Carabidae): implications for invertebrate metal kinetics. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2011; 60:722-33. [PMID: 20686892 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-010-9581-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2009] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We studied nickel (Ni) kinetics in the ground beetle Pterostichus oblongopunctatus exposed to different, potentially stressful, temperatures. We found unexpected Ni kinetics in metal-exposed adult and larval beetles. Instead of the pattern observed commonly for other metals, i.e., an increase in metal concentration followed by stabilisation in the uptake phase and a decrease after transfer to uncontaminated food, the Ni-fed beetles apparently switched to decontamination soon after the start of Ni exposure while they were still being fed Ni-spiked food. In addition, internal body Ni concentrations showed high variance. The traditional first-order, one-compartment model with the switch to decontamination set to the last day of the uptake phase appeared inadequate and in most cases was nonsignificant. Instead, the model with a regression-estimated point of switching to decontamination fit the data better, explaining 57.2-91.5% of the temporal variability of mean Ni body concentrations (weighted regression) in adult beetles and 44.1-62.3% in larvae. Temperature did not affect Ni toxicokinetics in adults, but in larvae there were some temperature-dependent differences in kinetic parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka J Bednarska
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pavlaki MD, Pereira R, Loureiro S, Soares AMVM. Effects of binary mixtures on the life traits of Daphnia magna. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2011; 74:99-110. [PMID: 20843551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Revised: 05/31/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The environment is constantly exposed to a cocktail of contaminants mainly due to human activities. Because polluted ecosystems are characterized by an amalgam of chemical compounds, the objective of the present study was to assess the joint effect of chemical mixtures to the life--history traits of Daphnia magna Straus. For that a binary mixture of two neonicotinoid insecticides, imidacloprid and thiacloprid, and another one of imidacloprid with nickel chloride were tested. Theoretical models have been developed and applied in studies with chemical mixtures, predicting toxicity based on their modes of action: concentration addition (CA) and independent joint action (IA) models. Still there are cases where deviations are observed (e.g. synergistic or antagonistic behaviors, dose ratio or level dependency). In this study, the effects of the individual compounds and their mixtures were studied in a chronic test where reproduction, survival and body length were evaluated in D. magna. Regarding single compound effects, it was observed that the most toxic was nickel chloride followed by thiacloprid and imidacloprid. For the mixture exposure of imidacloprid and thiacloprid, a synergistic pattern was observed in the sublethal doses used for the number of neonates produced, while for the body length the best fit was shown with the CA model. In the mixture exposure of imidacloprid and nickel, no deviation from the IA was observed for the neonate production data; for the body length parameter, a synergistic pattern was observed in low doses of the chemicals while an antagonistic pattern was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria D Pavlaki
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Laskowski R, Bednarska AJ, Kramarz PE, Loureiro S, Scheil V, Kudłek J, Holmstrup M. Interactions between toxic chemicals and natural environmental factors--a meta-analysis and case studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2010; 408:3763-3774. [PMID: 20156639 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Revised: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The paper addresses problems arising from effects of natural environmental factors on toxicity of pollutants to organisms. Most studies on interactions between toxicants and natural factors, including those completed in the EU project NoMiracle (Novel Methods for Integrated Risk Assessment of Cumulative Stressors in Europe) described herein, showed that effects of toxic chemicals on organisms can differ vastly depending purely on external conditions. We compiled data from 61 studies on effects of temperature, moisture and dissolved oxygen on toxicity of a range of chemicals representing pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, plant protection products of bacterial origin and trace metals. In 62.3% cases significant interactions (p< or =0.05 or less) between natural factors and chemicals were found, reaching 100% for the effect of dissolved oxygen on toxicity of waterborne chemicals. The meta-analysis of the 61 studies showed that the null hypothesis assuming no interactions between toxic chemicals and natural environmental factors should be rejected at p=2.7 x 10(-82) (truncated product method probability). In a few cases of more complex experimental designs, also second-order interactions were found, indicating that natural factors can modify interactions among chemicals. Such data emphasize the necessity of including information on natural factors and their variation in time and across geographic regions in ecological risk assessment. This can be done only if appropriate ecotoxicological test designs are used, in which test organisms are exposed to toxicants at a range of environmental conditions. We advocate designing such tests for the second-tier ecological risk assessment procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Laskowski
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|