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Heß S, Hof D, Oetken M, Sundermann A. Effects of multiple stressors on benthic invertebrates using Water Framework Directive monitoring data. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 878:162952. [PMID: 36948311 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Multiple stressors affect freshwater systems and cause a deficient ecological status according to the European Water Framework Directive (WFD). To select effective mitigation measures and improve the ecological status, knowledge on the stressor hierarchy and individual and joined effects is necessary. However, compared to common stressors like nutrient enrichment and morphological degradation, the relative importance of micropollutants such as pesticides and pharmaceuticals is largely unaddressed. We used WFD monitoring data from Saxony (Germany) to investigate the importance of 85 environmental variables (including 34 micropollutants) for 18 benthic invertebrate metrics at 108 sites. The environmental variables were assigned to five groups (natural factors, nutrient enrichment, metals, micropollutants and morphological degradation) and were ranked according to their relative importance as group and individually within and across groups using Principal Component Analyses (PCAs) and Boosted Regression Trees (BRTs). Overall, natural factors contributed the most to the total explained deviance of the models. This variable group represented not only typological differences between sampling sites but also a gradient of human impact by strongly anthropogenically influenced variables such as electric conductivity and dissolved oxygen. These large-scale effects can mask the individual importance of the other variable groups, which may act more specifically at a subset of sites. Accordingly, micropollutants were not represented by a few dominant variables but rather a diverse palette of different chemicals with similar contribution. As a group, micropollutants contributed similarly as metals, nutrient enrichment and morphological degradation. However, the importance of micropollutants might be underestimated due to limitations of the current chemical monitoring practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Heß
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Department of River Ecology and Conservation, Clamecystr. 12, 63571 Gelnhausen, Germany; Goethe University Frankfurt, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Delia Hof
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Faculty of Biology, Department of Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Matthias Oetken
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Faculty of Biology, Department of Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andrea Sundermann
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Department of River Ecology and Conservation, Clamecystr. 12, 63571 Gelnhausen, Germany; Goethe University Frankfurt, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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2
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Munné A, Solà C, Ejarque E, Sanchís J, Serra P, Corbella I, Aceves M, Galofré B, Boleda MR, Paraira M, Molist J. Indirect potable water reuse to face drought events in Barcelona city. Setting a monitoring procedure to protect aquatic ecosystems and to ensure a safe drinking water supply. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 866:161339. [PMID: 36603611 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The climate change and increasing anthropogenic pressures are expected to limit the availability of water resources. Hence, active measures must be planned in vulnerable regions to ensure a sustainable water supply and minimize environmental impacts. A pilot test was carried out in the Llobregat River (NE Spain) aiming to provide a useful procedure to cope with severe droughts through indirect water reuse. Reclaimed water was used to restore the minimum flow of the lower Llobregat River, ensuring a suitable water supply downstream for Barcelona. A monitoring was performed to assess chemical and microbiological threats throughout the water treatment train, the river and the final drinking water, including 376 micropollutants and common microbiological indicators. The effects of water disinfection were studied by chlorinating reclaimed water prior to its discharge into the river. Data showed that 10 micropollutants (bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, chloroform, EDDP, diclofenac, iopamidol, ioprimid, lamotrigine, ofloxacin and valsartan) posed a potential risk to aquatic life, whereas one solvent (1,4-dioxane) could affect human health. The chlorination of reclaimed water mitigated the occurrence of pharmaceuticals but, conversely, the concentration of halogenated disinfection by-products increased. From a microbiological perspective, the microbial load decreased along wastewater treatments and, later, along drinking water treatment, ultimately reaching undetectable values in final potable water. Non-chlorinated reclaimed water showed a lower log reduction of E. coli and coliphages than chlorinated water. However, the effect of disinfection vanished once reclaimed water was discharged into the river, as the basal concentration of microorganisms in the Llobregat River was comparable to that of non-chlorinated reclaimed water. Overall, our study indicates that indirect water reuse can be a valid alternative source of drinking water in densely populated areas such as Barcelona (Catalonia - NE Spain). A suitable monitoring procedure is presented to assess the related risks to human health and the aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Munné
- Catalan Water Agency, c/ Provença 260, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Carolina Solà
- Catalan Water Agency, c/ Provença 260, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Josep Sanchís
- Catalan Water Agency, c/ Provença 260, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Serra
- Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Roc Boronat 81, 08182 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Corbella
- Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Roc Boronat 81, 08182 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Aceves
- Barcelona Metropolitan Area, C/62, 18, Zona Franca, 08040 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belen Galofré
- Aigües de Barcelona, General Batet 1-7, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Rosa Boleda
- Aigües de Barcelona, General Batet 1-7, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Paraira
- Aigües de Barcelona, General Batet 1-7, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Molist
- Catalan Water Agency, c/ Provença 260, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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Blonç M, Lima J, Balasch JC, Tort L, Gravato C, Teles M. Elucidating the Effects of the Lipids Regulators Fibrates and Statins on the Health Status of Finfish Species: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050792. [PMID: 36899648 PMCID: PMC10000190 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The most documented fibrates are gemfibrozil, clofibrate and bezafibrate, while for statins, the majority of the published literature focuses on atorvastatin and simvastatin. The present work reviews previously published research concerning the effects of these hypocholesterolaemic pharmaceuticals on fish, with a particular focus on commercially important species, commonly produced by the European aquaculture industry, specifically in recirculated aquaculture systems (RAS). Overall, results suggest that both acute and chronic exposures to lipid-lowering compounds may have adverse effects on fish, disrupting their capacity to excrete exogenous substances, as well as both lipid metabolism and homeostasis, causing severe ontogenetic and endocrinological abnormalities, leading to hampered reproductive success (e.g., gametogenesis, fecundity), and skeletal or muscular malformations, having serious repercussions on fish health and welfare. Nonetheless, the available literature focusing on the effects of statins or fibrates on commonly farmed fish is still limited, and further research is required to understand the implications of this matter on aquaculture production, global food security and, ultimately, human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Blonç
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jennifer Lima
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Bioscience, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Joan Carles Balasch
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluis Tort
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Gravato
- Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon—FCUL, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mariana Teles
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Matijević G, Babić S, Maršavelski A, Stipaničev D, Repec S, Čož-Rakovac R, Klobučar G. Estimating risk of cardiovascular pharmaceuticals in freshwaters using zebrafish embryotoxicity test - statins threat revealed. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137574. [PMID: 36528155 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular pharmaceuticals (CVPs) are globally present in inland waters and have also been found in the sediment and plasma of fish from the Sava River, Croatia. Based on the previous research, CVPs amiodarone (AMI), ramipril (RAM), simvastatin (SIM), and verapamil (VER) have been selected for this study. Their effect has been investigated, individually and in a mixture, on the development of the zebrafish embryo Danio rerio (Hamilton, 1822) within the first 96 h of development. Upon exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of tested CVPs (0.1, 1, and 10 μg/L) zebrafish survival and development as apparent from observed morphological abnormalities, heartbeat rates and changes in behavior, hatching success, larval length and oxidative stress level were monitored. The CVP causing the highest mortality and pathological changes was SIM (1 and 10 μg/L), which corresponds well with the observed effects during zebrafish exposure to CVPs' mixtures (4 and 40 μg/L). All pharmaceuticals affected cardiac function and decreased heart rate. SIM (1 μg/L), VER and RAM (10 μg/L) decreased larval length, while induced oxidative stress was recorded in the SIM- and VER-exposed specimens. Behavioral alterations of zebrafish were observed only in AMI-treated group (10 μg/L). Our amino acid sequence comparison and structural and docking analysis showed a highly conserved binding site between human and zebrafish HMG-CoA reductase for SIM and its main metabolite simvastatin acid. Using these ecotoxicological bioassays on a zebrafish model with particular emphasis on sublethal endpoints, the risk of CVPs, especially statins, for fish in inland waters has been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrijela Matijević
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Laboratory for Biotechnology in Aquaculture, Division of Materials Chemistry, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Babić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Laboratory for Biotechnology in Aquaculture, Division of Materials Chemistry, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia; Ruđer Bošković Institute, Center of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting (BioProCro), Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Aleksandra Maršavelski
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Horvatovac 102a, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Draženka Stipaničev
- Croatian Waters, Central Water Management Laboratory, Ulica Grada Vukovara 220, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Siniša Repec
- Croatian Waters, Central Water Management Laboratory, Ulica Grada Vukovara 220, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Rozelindra Čož-Rakovac
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Laboratory for Biotechnology in Aquaculture, Division of Materials Chemistry, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia; Ruđer Bošković Institute, Center of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting (BioProCro), Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Göran Klobučar
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Rooseveltov Trg 6, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Ping S, Lin W, Ming R, He Y, Yin Y, Ren Y. Toxic effects of four cardiovascular drugs on the development and epigenetics of zebrafish (Danio rerio). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 846:157360. [PMID: 35850353 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, therapeutic drugs such as atenolol (ATE), metoprolol (MET), atorvastatin (ATO), and bezafibrate (BZB) have been widely used and thus frequently detected in surface water at ng·L-1-μg·L-1 level. In this study, the developmental toxicity of these drugs (0.5 μg·L-1-500 μg·L-1) to zebrafish, an aquatic model organism, was investigated; and the epigenetic toxicity of BZB was also explored. For all four drugs, the results showed that the drugs exposure could cause sublethal toxic effects on zebrafish larvae, such as decreases in hatching rate, body length, and heart rate. ATO also induced the swelling of the eyes of larvae by 5 %-15 %. Yolk sac edema, pericardial edema, bent spine, and tail malformation were observed in larvae exposed to the drugs, and yolk sac edema was the most common malformation. In addition, the spontaneous movement and free-swimming activity could be inhibited by the drugs. Combined with RNA-seq results, the adverse development of larvae in exposure groups may be caused by the disruption of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and the development and function of eye and nervous system. After a 30-day uptake period, the accumulation of BZB and the decrease of global DNA methylation level were observed in the liver, kidneys, gut, gills, and brain of adult zebrafish (4-month-old) exposed to 0.5 μg·L-1 to 500 μg·L-1 BZB. The liver was the main organ for BZB accumulation and the occurrence of DNA hypomethylation. In the liver, overexpression (1.5-7.6 times) of genes related to lipid metabolism (PPARα), DNA methylation (Dnmt1), and apoptosis (p53) was also observed. The results of the current study suggest that long-term exposure to low-concentrations of cardiovascular drugs may pose significant threats to aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senwen Ping
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenting Lin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ruiliang Ming
- Guangzhou CAS Test Technical Services Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yuhe He
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yurong Yin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuan Ren
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, China; The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China; The Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Eco-Remediation of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Škufca D, Božič D, Hočevar M, Jeran M, Bedina Zavec A, Kisovec M, Podobnik M, Matos T, Tomazin R, Iglič A, Griessler Bulc T, Heath E, Kralj-Iglič V. Interaction between Microalgae P. tricornutum and Bacteria Thalassospira sp. for Removal of Bisphenols from Conditioned Media. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158447. [PMID: 35955586 PMCID: PMC9369128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the efficiency of three culture series of the microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum (P. tricornutum) and bacteria Thalassospira sp. (axenic microalgae, bacterial culture and co-culture of the two) in removing bisphenols (BPs) from their growth medium. Bacteria were identified by 16S ribosomal RNA polymerase chain reaction (16S rRNA PCR). The microorganism growth rate was determined by flow cytometry. Cultures and isolates of their small cellular particles (SCPs) were imaged by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-TEM). BPs were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Our results indicate that some organisms may have the ability to remove a specific pollutant with high efficiency. P. tricornutum in axenic culture and in mixed culture removed almost all (more than 99%) of BPC2. Notable differences in the removal of 8 out of 18 BPs between the axenic, mixed and bacterial cultures were found. The overall removals of BPs in axenic P. tricornutum, mixed and bacterial cultures were 11%, 18% and 10%, respectively. Finding the respective organisms and creating microbe societies seems to be key for the improvement of wastewater treatment. As a possible mediating factor, numerous small cellular particles from all three cultures were detected by electron microscopy. Further research on the mechanisms of interspecies communication is needed to advance the understanding of microbial communities at the nano-level.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Škufca
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biomedical Research Group, Zdravstvena 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.Š.); (D.B.); (M.J.); (T.G.B.)
| | - Darja Božič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biomedical Research Group, Zdravstvena 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.Š.); (D.B.); (M.J.); (T.G.B.)
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Laboratory of Physics, Tržaška 25, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Matej Hočevar
- Department of Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Institute of Metals and Technology, Lepi Pot 11, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Marko Jeran
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biomedical Research Group, Zdravstvena 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.Š.); (D.B.); (M.J.); (T.G.B.)
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Laboratory of Physics, Tržaška 25, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Apolonija Bedina Zavec
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.B.Z.); (M.K.); (M.P.)
| | - Matic Kisovec
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.B.Z.); (M.K.); (M.P.)
| | - Marjetka Podobnik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.B.Z.); (M.K.); (M.P.)
| | - Tadeja Matos
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Zaloška 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.M.); (R.T.)
| | - Rok Tomazin
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Zaloška 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.M.); (R.T.)
| | - Aleš Iglič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Laboratory of Physics, Tržaška 25, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Tjaša Griessler Bulc
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biomedical Research Group, Zdravstvena 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.Š.); (D.B.); (M.J.); (T.G.B.)
| | - Ester Heath
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Veronika Kralj-Iglič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biomedical Research Group, Zdravstvena 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.Š.); (D.B.); (M.J.); (T.G.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Trawiński J, Skibiński R. Comparative analysis of in vivo and in silico toxicity evaluation of the organoiodine compounds towards D.magna using multivariate chemometric approach: A study on the example of amiodarone phototransformation products. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 292:133420. [PMID: 34958789 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the present study the photochemical fate of organoiodine compound - amiodarone was performed. The drug turned out to be highly susceptible to UV-Vis irradiation, especially in the presence of humic substances and organic matrix. Qualitative LC-MS analysis revealed formation of twelve - mainly previously unreported - transformation products (TPs). Four major TPs were submitted to the toxicity analysis with the use of D. magna. All of the tested TPs presented higher toxic potential than the parent compound. The phenolic TPs were approximately 100 times more toxic than amiodarone. Toxic properties of the major TPs resulted in steadily increasing toxic potential of the photo-generated mixture over the time of irradiation. Moreover, the experimental toxicity data, concerning the TPs, were compared with results estimated by 6 in silico models with the use of a multivariate chemometric analysis. The results showed that the applied computational methods were able neither to correctly predict toxic properties of the studied compounds, nor the trends in change of their toxic parameters. Additional validation of in silico models ability to predict toxicity of iodinated organic compounds showed that the studied computational methods do not present sufficient prediction ability. Therefore their estimations concerning organoiodines should be verified using experimental tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Trawiński
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Robert Skibiński
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090, Lublin, Poland.
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Škufca D, Prosenc F, Griessler Bulc T, Heath E. Removal and fate of 18 bisphenols in lab-scale algal bioreactors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 804:149878. [PMID: 34508933 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The removal of 18 bisphenols at wastewater relevant concentrations (μg L-1 range) was investigated and compared between Chlorella vulgaris cultures with pH adjusted to 6.8 and pH non-adjusted cultures where pH raised to above 10. Bisphenols with a high partition coefficient (log P > 6) partitioned to biomass soon after spiking, whereas bisphenols with a low partition coefficient (log P < 4) remained largely in the aqueous phase. Hydrophobic bisphenols and BPF isomers were removed to a large degree in pH adjusted conditions, while BPS and BPAF were the most recalcitrant. The overall average removal after 13 days was similar in both experiments, with 72 ± 2% and 73 ± 5% removed in pH non-adjusted and pH adjusted series, respectively. The removal correlated with chlorophyll a concentration for most bisphenols meaning that algae played a crucial role in their removal, while culture pH also governed the removal of some compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Škufca
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Franja Prosenc
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tjaša Griessler Bulc
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Jamova cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ester Heath
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Soomro RA, Memon SA, Brohi ROZ, Brohi KM. Mn/Ni As Effective Catalyst for Photodegradation of Diclofenac in Aqueous Media. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024421110224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Ping S, Lin W, Liu A, Gao Z, Lin H, Ren Y. Ultraviolet photolysis of four typical cardiovascular drugs: mechanisms, influencing factors, degradation pathways, and toxicity trends. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:60663-60675. [PMID: 34164790 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15000-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The cardiovascular drugs (CDDs), such as metoprolol (MET), atenolol (ATE), bezafibrate (BZB), and atorvastatin (ATO), have been frequently detected in the water environment. They can cause potential threats to the ecological environment and human health due to their "pseudo-persistence" effect. In this study, the photolysis kinetics, degradation mechanisms, by-products, influencing factors, and acute toxicity of these four typical CDDs under polychromatic ultraviolet irradiation (200-400 nm) were investigated. The results showed that the photolysis of ATE, BZB, MET, and ATO all followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, and their average photon quantum yields of the wavelength studied were 0.14×10-2, 0.33×10-3, 0.78×10-4, and 0.24×10-4 mol einstein-1, respectively. Singlet oxygen (1O2), hydroxyl radical (·OH), and the triplet-excited state of the cardiovascular drug (3CDD*) were all involved in the photolysis while 1O2 was the dominator. The effects of NO3-, Cl-, HCO3-, and humic acid (HA) on the photolysis were the combination of light-shielding, quenching, and excitation of reactive species. Seven, four, four, and nine photolysis products of ATO, BZB, ATE, and MET were identified, respectively, and their possible degradation pathways were proposed. The acute toxicity of ATE was basically unchanged during photolysis; however, ATO, BZB, and MET toxicity all increased due to the generation of ketonization and hydroxylation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senwen Ping
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wenting Lin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Anchen Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhihan Gao
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Han Lin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuan Ren
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Eco-Remediation of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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11
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Shakeel M, Mahmood K. Study of volumetric, viscometric, and aggregation properties of losartan potassium and its interaction with amino acids and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide in aqueous solution. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shakeel
- Department of Chemistry Government Degree College Lahor Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mahmood
- Department of Chemistry Hazara University Mansehra Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
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12
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López-Doval JC, Serra-Compte A, Rodríguez-Mozaz S, Barceló D, Sabater S. Diet quality and NSAIDs promote changes in formation of prostaglandins by an aquatic invertebrate. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 257:126892. [PMID: 32480082 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We used the freshwater insect Hydropsyche sp. to investigate the impact of diets lacking arachidonic acid (ARA) and an environmentally relevant mixture of NSAIDs (Ibuprofen, Ketoprofen, Diclofenac and Naproxen at a nominal concentration of all compounds together 16.75 μg L-1) on their metabolism of ARA and prostaglandins (PGs). The organisms were exposed for 16 days to four different treatments: a reference (FF), a diet lacking ARA (O), to NSAIDs in water (FFN) and to the combination of the two factors (ON). Mortality, biomass and bioconcentration of pharmaceuticals were investigated. The ARA and PGs levels in the organisms were monitored by utilising a targeted metabolomics approach. NSAIDs or dietary constraints did not produce significant differences in biomass or mortality of Hydropsyche sp. among treatments. In organisms exposed to NSAIDs, all pharmaceuticals were detected, except for Ketoprofen. Metabolomic approach determined the presence of PGH2, PGE1 and PGD1. Levels of ARA diminished significantly in those organisms in treatment ON. The levels of PGs responded negatively to the absence of ARA in diet: PGH2 diminished significantly with respect to the reference in treatment O while PGE1 diminished significantly in treatment ON. Regarding the effects of NSAIDs on ARA metabolism, our results suggest that it was sensitive to NSAIDs, but effects were weak and did not imply a general decrease in the PGs. We confirmed that ARA was the main substrate for the synthesis of PGs in Hydropsyche sp, their absence or poor levels of ARA in diet, produced changes in the PG levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C López-Doval
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, H2O Building, C/Emili Grahit, 101, E17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain; Faculty of Sciences - University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Spain.
| | - A Serra-Compte
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, H2O Building, C/Emili Grahit, 101, E17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain; Faculty of Sciences - University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - S Rodríguez-Mozaz
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, H2O Building, C/Emili Grahit, 101, E17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain; Faculty of Sciences - University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - D Barceló
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, H2O Building, C/Emili Grahit, 101, E17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain; Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA- CSIC), C/Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - S Sabater
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, H2O Building, C/Emili Grahit, 101, E17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain; Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17071, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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13
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Castro GB, Pinheiro FR, Felipe MC, Bernegossi AC, Girolli D, Gorni GR, Corbi JJ. Update on the use of Pristina longiseta Ehrenberg, 1828 (Oligochaeta: Naididae) as a toxicity test organism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:38360-38369. [PMID: 32748353 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10295-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ecotoxicological bioassays have been widely applied to evaluate the toxicity of substances in standardized test organisms. Nevertheless, the main challenge for researchers is the use of native species to express the effects of pollutants on aquatic biota. Thirty years ago, Smith and collaborators evaluate the possible use of Pristina longiseta (as Pristina leidyi) in acute toxicity test, developing some experiments using cadmium and vanadium as toxicants. The present work aimed to update the use of P. longiseta, in acute bioassays, presenting the occurrence and general characteristics of the species; adaptation of cultivation to tropical conditions; sensitivity tests using potassium chloride (KCl) and copper sulfate (CuSO4) as reference substances standardized by OECD, USEPA, and ABNT; and acute exposure to zinc chloride (ZnCl2). The results showed a successful use of this species as tropical test organism, which presented easy laboratory rearing and responded to the classical ecotoxicological index. The present study can increase the utilization of P. longiseta in bioassays for tropical regions and improve the evaluation of environmental impacts using a native species in ecotoxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleyson B Castro
- Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda R Pinheiro
- Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Mayara C Felipe
- Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline C Bernegossi
- Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Douglas Girolli
- Environmental Studies Center, University of Araraquara, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme R Gorni
- Environmental Studies Center, University of Araraquara, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliano J Corbi
- Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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14
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Shakeel M, Mehmood K. Use of Masson's and
Jones–Dole
equations to study different types of interactions of three pharmacologically important drugs in ethanol. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202000128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shakeel
- Department of Chemistry Government Postgraduate College No. 1 Abbottabad Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- Department of Chemistry Hazara University Mansehra Pakistan
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15
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Zhang K, Zhao Y, Fent K. Cardiovascular drugs and lipid regulating agents in surface waters at global scale: Occurrence, ecotoxicity and risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 729:138770. [PMID: 32361434 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular drugs and lipid regulating agents have emerged as major groups of environmental contaminants over the past decades. However, knowledge about their occurrence in freshwaters and their ecotoxicity is still limited. Here, we critically summarize the presence of 82 cardiovascular drugs and lipid regulating agents at a global-scale and represent their effects on aquatic organisms. Only about 71% of these pharmaceuticals in use have been analyzed for their residues in aquatic ecosystems and only about 24% for their effects. When detected in surface waters, they occurred at concentrations of dozens to hundreds of ng/L. In wastewaters, they reached up to several μg/L. Effects of cardiovascular drugs and lipid regulating agents have been extensively studied in fish and a few in invertebrates, such as Daphnia magna and mussels. These pharmaceuticals affect cardiac physiology, lipid metabolism, growth and reproduction. Besides, effects on spermatogenesis and neurobehavior are observed. Environmental risks are associated with beta-blockers propranolol, metoprolol, and lipid lowering agents bezafibrate and atorvastatin, where adverse effects (biochemical and transcriptional) occurred partially at surface water concentrations. In some cases, reproductive effects occurred at environmentally relevant concentrations. This review summarizes the state of the art on the occurrence of cardiovascular drugs and lipid regulating agents at a global-scale and highlights their risks to fish. Further research is needed to include more subtle changes on heart function and to explore non-investigated drugs. Their occurrence in freshwaters and impact on a diverse array of aquatic organisms are particularly needed to fully assess their environmental hazards and risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanbin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Karl Fent
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Hofackerstrasse 30, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
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16
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Pascual-Benito M, Nadal-Sala D, Tobella M, Ballesté E, García-Aljaro C, Sabaté S, Sabater F, Martí E, Gracia CA, Blanch AR, Lucena F. Modelling the seasonal impacts of a wastewater treatment plant on water quality in a Mediterranean stream using microbial indicators. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 261:110220. [PMID: 32148290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Faecal pollution modelling is a valuable tool to evaluate and improve water management strategies, especially in a context of water scarcity. The reduction dynamics of five faecal indicator organisms (E. coli, spores of sulphite-reducing clostridia, somatic coliphages, GA17 bacteriophages and a human-specific Bifidobacterium molecular marker) were assessed in an intermittent Mediterranean stream affected by a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Using Bayesian inverse modelling, the decay rates of each indicator were correlated with two environmental drivers (temperature and streamflow downstream of the WWTP) and the generated model was used to evaluate the self-depuration distance (SDD) of the stream. A consistent increase of 1-2 log10 in the concentration of all indicators was detected after the discharge of the WWTP effluent. The decay rates showed seasonal variation, reaching a maximum in the dry season, when SDDs were also shorter and the stream had a higher capacity to self-depurate. High seasonality was observed for all faecal indicators except for the spores of sulphite-reducing clostridia. The maximum SDD ranged from 3 km for the spores of sulphite-reducing clostridia during the dry season and 15 km for the human-specific Bifidobacterium molecular marker during the wet season. The SDD provides a single standardized metric that integrates and compares different contamination indicators. It could be extended to other Mediterranean drainage basins and has the potential to integrate changes in land use and catchment water balance, a feature that will be especially useful in the transient climate conditions expected in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pascual-Benito
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; The Water Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Montalegre 6, 08001, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - D Nadal-Sala
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; IMK-IFU (Karlsruhe Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research-Atmospheric Environmental Research), Kreuzeckbahnstraße 19, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - M Tobella
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Ballesté
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; The Water Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Montalegre 6, 08001, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C García-Aljaro
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; The Water Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Montalegre 6, 08001, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Sabaté
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; CREAF (Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications), 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - F Sabater
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; CREAF (Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications), 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - E Martí
- Integrative Freshwater Ecology Group, Centre for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), 17300, Blanes, Spain
| | - C A Gracia
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; CREAF (Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications), 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - A R Blanch
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; The Water Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Montalegre 6, 08001, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Lucena
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; The Water Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Montalegre 6, 08001, Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Meng H, Liang J, Zheng X, Zhang K, Zhao Y. Using a high-throughput zebrafish embryo screening approach to support environmental hazard ranking for cardiovascular agents. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 702:134703. [PMID: 31733549 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular agents are among the most frequently prescribed pharmaceuticals worldwide. They are widely detected in aquatic ecosystems, while their ecotoxicological implications are rarely explored. Here, by the use of a new developed high-throughput zebrafish embryo screening approach, we systematically assessed the cardiovascular disruptive effects of 32 commonly used cardiovascular agents at environmental relevant concentrations and above (0.04, 0.2 and 1 µM). Multiple endpoints, including cardiac output, heart rate and blood flow, were quantified via customized video analysis approaches. Among the 32 agents, simvastatin and lovastatin exhibited the strongest toxicities to fish embryos, and the lethal doses were observed at 0.2 µM and 1 µM. Beta-blockers such as atenolol and metoprolol significantly decreased heart rates by up to 15% and 12% and increased blood flows by up to 14% and 14%, respectively, at concentrations as low as 0.04 µM. Several hypertension/hyperlipidemia medications such as pravastatin and enalapril led to significant inhibition of heart rates (up to 14% and 16% decreases, respectively) as well as slightly decreases of the cardiac outputs and blood flows. In addition, a tentative risk assessment clearly demonstrated that some compounds such as atenolol, metoprolol and bezafibrate pose considerable risks to aquatic organisms at environmental or slightly higher than surface water concentrations. Our results provided novel insights into understanding of the potential risks of cardiovascular agents and contributed to their environmental hazard ranking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Meng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiahui Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xuehan Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yanbin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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18
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Oguma AY, Klerks PL. Comparisons Between Laboratory Sediment Toxicity Test Results and Assessment of Benthic Community Changes for a Lake with Mild Metal Contamination. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 78:106-116. [PMID: 31754868 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-019-00692-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Effects of moderate-to-severe sediment contamination may be readily discernable in both sediment toxicity bioassays and benthic community assessments. However, the impact may be less obvious under conditions of relatively mild contamination and significant variation of natural environmental variables. This study evaluated sediment toxicity and benthic community impacts for a shallow eutrophic lake system with relatively low levels of sediment metal contamination. We evaluated selected sediment physical and chemical properties, as well as benthic community structure, for 50 sites along a sediment Pb contamination gradient in the lake. We tested the toxicity of sediment from 20 of the sites, using a standardized 42-days sediment bioassay with Hyalella azteca survival, reproduction, and growth endpoints. Using principal component and correlation analyses we found negative relationships for both Pb and Cu, between sediment metal concentrations and the diversity and abundance of benthic macroinvertebrates. Taxa known to be metal-sensitive (e.g., Hyalella sp. and Physa sp.) were less abundant at sites with relatively higher Pb and Cu concentrations. However, amphipod performance in the chronic toxicity test was not related to sediment Pb or Cu concentrations (but was influenced by sediment organic content). Our results demonstrate that an assessment of community-level effects may be warranted even when sediment metal concentrations are too low to elicit detectable toxic effects in standardized laboratory tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Y Oguma
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Box 43602, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA
- Department of Biology, Division of Math and Sciences, Massasoit Community College, 1 Massasoit Boulevard, Brockton, MA, 02302, USA
| | - Paul L Klerks
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Box 43602, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA.
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19
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Quintana J, de la Cal A, Boleda MR. Monitoring the complex occurrence of pesticides in the Llobregat basin, natural and drinking waters in Barcelona metropolitan area (Catalonia, NE Spain) by a validated multi-residue online analytical method. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 692:952-965. [PMID: 31539999 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The European Directive 98/83/CE legislates the presence of pesticides in drinking water, but apart from a few compounds, nothing is said about which pesticides should be monitored. Nevertheless, water companies need to go beyond the accomplishment of the legislation and find out pesticide contamination in all sources of water in order to manage the hazard assessment, and to guarantee safe drinking water to all the population. The aim of this work was to develop an analytical multi-residue method for circa 100 compounds. The method analyses previously monitored compounds in Barcelona city and its metropolitan area, as well as many emerging pesticides and some transformation products. An on-line sample extraction (0.75 mL) coupled to fast UHPLC-MS/MS method was developed. Good linearity (r2 > 0.995, with less residuals than 15%), accuracies and precisions under 25%, and acceptable expanded uncertainties were obtained for most of the monitored compounds, according to ISO/IEC 17025, obtaining limits of quantification between 5 and 25 ng/L for all compounds. A monitoring campaign on natural and treated waters in the Barcelona metropolitan area was carried out during 2016-2017. Results showed that pesticide contamination at the low stretch of Llobregat River and in its aquifer is severe. The maximum concentrations were in the range of few μg/L for carbendazim, DEET, diuron and propiconazole, and in the range 0.1-0.5 μg/L for bentazone, imidacloprid, isoproturon, simazine, metazachlor, methomyl, terbutryn and tebuconazole. However, the efficiency of advanced treatments in the DWTPs involved in drinking water production in the Barcelona metropolitan area allows the complete removal of pesticides and a safe water production for consumers. The method shows a good analytical performance for most compounds with a fast sample preparation and analysis. In addition, it has updated the knowledge about the occurrence of pesticides in the Barcelona city area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Quintana
- Aigües de Barcelona, Empresa Metropolitana de Gestió del Cicle Integral de l'Aigua, S.A. General Batet 1-7, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Agustina de la Cal
- Aigües de Barcelona, Empresa Metropolitana de Gestió del Cicle Integral de l'Aigua, S.A. General Batet 1-7, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Rosa Boleda
- Aigües de Barcelona, Empresa Metropolitana de Gestió del Cicle Integral de l'Aigua, S.A. General Batet 1-7, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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20
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Wang Z, Chen Q, Zhang J, Dong J, Yan H, Chen C, Feng R. Characterization and source identification of tetracycline antibiotics in the drinking water sources of the lower Yangtze River. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 244:13-22. [PMID: 31103730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and spatio-temporal patterns of five tetracyclines (TCs) and six of their degradation products were investigated in twenty-eight drinking water sources along the lower Yangtze River (LYR) over dry, normal and flood seasons. Tetracycline (TC), oxytetracycline (OTC) and doxytetracycline (DXC) were the dominant antibiotics detected with the highest occurrence. The maximum concentrations of TC, OTC and DXC were found in dry season as 11.16, 18.98, and 56.09 ng/L, respectively, because of the low dilution, low degradation, and high consumption in this season. Cluster analysis indicated distinct variations in the TCs' compositional profiles in both space and time. OTC and its metabolites contributed 18.5-59.6% of the TC load in dry season, possibly due to the seasonally increased release of pharmaceutical OTCs from sewage effluents, but they were seldom detected in other seasons. Pollution load index analysis showed that tributaries carrying large amounts of veterinary TCs derived from breeding wastewater and untreated rural sewage contributed larger proportions of the TC load for most drinking water sources than sewage outlets. The contribution ratio of the TC load from tributaries (74.5%) was approximately three times higher than that from sewage discharges (25.5%). The study demonstrated that the control of load from tributaries is the key to mitigating TC pollution of the drinking water sources in the LYR. An effective source tracking method for evaluating the contribution of antibiotic load from multiple diffuse pollution origins and identifying the high-risk contamination sources was established for antibiotic management and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources & Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210098, China; Center for Eco-Environment Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Qiuwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources & Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210098, China; Center for Eco-Environment Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources & Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210098, China; Center for Eco-Environment Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Jianwei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources & Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210098, China; Center for Eco-Environment Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Hanlu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources & Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210098, China; Center for Eco-Environment Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources & Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210098, China; Center for Eco-Environment Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Ranran Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources & Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210098, China; Center for Eco-Environment Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210098, China
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21
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Characterization of neurotransmitter profiles in Daphnia magna juveniles exposed to environmental concentrations of antidepressants and anxiolytic and antihypertensive drugs using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:5867-5876. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01968-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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Fraz S, Lee AH, Pollard S, Srinivasan K, Vermani A, Wilson JY. Parental gemfibrozil exposure impacts zebrafish F 1 offspring, but not subsequent generations. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 212:194-204. [PMID: 31132737 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Gemfibrozil (GEM) is a fibrate lipid regulator and one of the most commonly occurring fresh water pharmaceuticals. The negative effects of fibrates including GEM on fish reproduction have been frequently reported including effects of F0 GEM exposure on reproduction of the unexposed F1 offspring. We predicted that chronic, direct exposure of zebrafish with low concentrations of GEM would adversely affect parental male reproduction and unexposed offspring for multiple generations. Adult zebrafish were exposed to 10 μg/L GEM for 6 weeks and a range of reproductive indices were analyzed. The F1-F4 offspring were reared in clean water from 3 distinct lineages where only a single or both parents were exposed and compared to a control lineage where parents were unexposed. Reproductive indices were examined in unexposed F1-F4 offspring to test the hypothesis of multi- or trans- generational impacts. Exposure to GEM caused a decline in breeding success and mean embryo production in F0 parents and a reduction in whole body 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), altered male courtship, aggression and sperm morphology. Our results indicate that paternal exposure alone is sufficient to result in reproductive effects in unexposed male offspring but that effects are mostly limited to F1. We suggest that GEM may act as a reproductive endocrine disruptor in fish and that chronic exposure reduced male reproductive fitness but not over multiple generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamaila Fraz
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, L8S 4K1, ON, Canada.
| | - Abigail H Lee
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, L8S 4K1, ON, Canada.
| | - Simon Pollard
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, L8S 4K1, ON, Canada.
| | - Krishna Srinivasan
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, L8S 4K1, ON, Canada.
| | - Abhilasha Vermani
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, L8S 4K1, ON, Canada.
| | - Joanna Y Wilson
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, L8S 4K1, ON, Canada.
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23
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Simão FCP, Martínez-Jerónimo F, Blasco V, Moreno F, Porta JM, Pestana JLT, Soares AMVM, Raldúa D, Barata C. Using a new high-throughput video-tracking platform to assess behavioural changes in Daphnia magna exposed to neuro-active drugs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 662:160-167. [PMID: 30690351 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in imaging allow to monitor in real time the behaviour of individuals under a given stress. Light is a common stressor that alters the behaviour of fish larvae and many aquatic invertebrate species. The water flea Daphnia magna exhibits a vertical negative phototaxis, swimming against light trying to avoid fish predation. The aim of this study was to develop a high-throughput image analysis system to study changes in the vertical negative phototaxis of D. magna first reproductive adult females exposed to 0.1 and 1 μg/L of four neuro-active drugs: diazepam, fluoxetine, propranolol and carbamazepine. Experiments were conducted using a custom designed experimental chamber containing four independent arenas and infrared illumination. The apical-located visible light and the GigE camera located in front of the arenas were controlled by the Ethovision XT 11.5 sofware (Noldus Information Technology, Leesburg, VA). Total distance moved, time spent per zone (bottom vs upper zones) and distance among individuals were analyzed in dark and light conditions, and the effect of different intensities of the apical-located visible light was also investigated. Results indicated that light intensity increased the locomotor activity and low light intensities allowed to better discriminate individual responses to the studied drugs. The four tested drugs decreased the response of exposed organisms to light: individuals moved less, were closer to the bottom and at low light intensities were closer each other. At high light intensities, however, exposed individuals were less aggregated. Propranolol, carbamazepine and fluoxetine induced the most severe behavioural effects. The tested drugs at environmental relevant concentrations altered locomotor activity, geotaxis, phototaxis and aggregation in D. magna individuals in the lab. Therefore the new image analysis system presented here was proven to be sensitive and versatile enough to detect changes in diel vertical migration across light intensities and low concentration levels of neuro-active drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima C P Simão
- Centre for Environmental and Marine studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (IDAEA, CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Martínez-Jerónimo
- Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas,-Lab. de Hidrobiología Experimental, Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Victor Blasco
- Institut de Robòtica i Informàtica Industrial (CSIC-UPC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Moreno
- Institut de Robòtica i Informàtica Industrial (CSIC-UPC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M Porta
- Institut de Robòtica i Informàtica Industrial (CSIC-UPC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - João L T Pestana
- Centre for Environmental and Marine studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Centre for Environmental and Marine studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Demetrio Raldúa
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (IDAEA, CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Barata
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (IDAEA, CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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24
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Semreen MH, Shanableh A, Semerjian L, Alniss H, Mousa M, Bai X, Acharya K. Simultaneous Determination of Pharmaceuticals by Solid-phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry: A Case Study from Sharjah Sewage Treatment Plant. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030633. [PMID: 30754718 PMCID: PMC6385045 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work describes the optimization and validation of a highly selective and sensitive analytical method using solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (SPE LC-MS/MS) for the determination of some frequently prescribed pharmaceuticals in urban wastewater received and treated by Sharjah sewage treatment plant (STP). The extraction efficiency of different SPE cartridges was tested and the simultaneous extraction of pharmaceuticals was successfully accomplished using hydrophilic-lipophilic-balanced reversed phase Waters® Oasis HLB cartridge (200 mg/ 6 mL) at pH 3. The analytes were separated on an Aquity BEH C18 column (1.7 µm, 2.1 mm × 150 mm) using gradient elution and mass spectrometric analysis were performed in multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) selecting two precursor ions to produce ion transition for each pharmaceutical using positive electrospray ionization (+ESI) mode. The correlation coefficient values in the linear calibration plot for each target compound exceeded 0.99 and the recovery percentages of the investigated pharmaceuticals were more than 84%. Limit of detection (LOD) varied between 0.1–1.5 ng/L and limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.3–5 ng/L for all analytes. The precision of the method was calculated as the relative standard deviation (RSD%) of replicate measurements and was found to be in the ranges of 2.2% to 7.7% and 2.2% to 8.6% for inter and intra-day analysis, respectively. All of the obtained validation parameters satisfied the requirements and guidelines of analytical method validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Semreen
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Abdallah Shanableh
- Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Lucy Semerjian
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Hasan Alniss
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Mouath Mousa
- Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Xuelian Bai
- Desert Research Institute, 755 E Flamingo Rd, Las Vegas, NV 89119, United States.
| | - Kumud Acharya
- Desert Research Institute, 755 E Flamingo Rd, Las Vegas, NV 89119, United States.
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Garreta-Lara E, Checa A, Fuchs D, Tauler R, Lacorte S, Wheelock CE, Barata C. Effect of psychiatric drugs on Daphnia magna oxylipin profiles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 644:1101-1109. [PMID: 30743823 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Neuro-active pharmaceuticals have been reported to act as endocrine disruptors enhancing reproduction in the model crustacean Daphnia manga at environmental concentrations of ng/L. Oxylipins and more specifically eicosanoids, which are lipid mediators formed from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), are known to regulate reproduction together with other physiological processes in insects. In D. magna, the biosynthesis of eicosanoids and their putative role in the regulation of reproduction has been studied using transcriptomics, genomics and exposures to cyclooxygenase inhibitors. Quantification of eicosanoids and oxylipins derived from PUFAs upon exposure to pharmaceuticals is therefore crucial for a better understanding of the mode of action of neuro-active pharmaceuticals on aquatic invertebrates. The aim of this study was to investigate shifts in the oxylipin profile in D. magna adults upon exposure to environmental concentrations of the three psychiatric drugs, fluoxetine, diazepam and carbamazepine, with known effects of enhancing offspring production. Oxylipin profiles were determined in whole organism tissues using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Up to 28 different oxylipins belonging to arachidonic (AA), linoleic acid (LA), α-linoleic acid (α-LA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) pathways were detected and quantified in D. magna adults. Exposure to the selected psychiatric drugs showed that fluoxetine enhanced the accumulation of the cyclooxygenase (COX) product 12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid (12-HHTrE), whereas diazepam increased the concentration of eicosanoids belonging to the lipoxygenase (LOX) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) pathways (HETEs, EpOMEs, HODEs, HOTrEs and HEPEs) from the AA, LA, αLA and EPA pathways. Carbamazepine had little effect and only one LA-derived compound from the LOX pathway (13-HODE) increased significantly. This means that despite having different modes of action in humans, fluoxetine and diazepam up-regulated eicosanoid pathways in D. magna, closely related to known biologically active products that regulate reproduction in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elba Garreta-Lara
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Antonio Checa
- Division of Physiological Chemistry 2, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Fuchs
- Division of Physiological Chemistry 2, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Romà Tauler
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Silvia Lacorte
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Craig E Wheelock
- Division of Physiological Chemistry 2, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carlos Barata
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Catalonia, Spain.
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Maceda-Veiga A, Mac Nally R, de Sostoa A. Environmental correlates of food-chain length, mean trophic level and trophic level variance in invaded riverine fish assemblages. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 644:420-429. [PMID: 29981992 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Examining how the trophic structure of biotic assemblages is affected by human impacts, such as habitat degradation and the introduction of alien species, is important for understanding the consequences of such impacts on ecosystem functioning. We used general linear mixed models and hierarchical partitioning analyses of variance to examine for the first time the applicability of three hypotheses (ecosystem-size, productivity and disturbance) for explaining food-chain length (FCL) in invaded fish assemblages. We used Fishbase trophic level (TL) estimates for 16 native and 18 alien fish species in an extensive riverine system in north-eastern Spain (99,700 km2, 15 catchments, 530 sites). The FCL of assemblages ranged from 2.7 to 4.42. Ecosystem size-related variables (Strahler stream order, physical habitat diversity) and human-disturbance (conductivity) made the largest contribution to the explained variance in the FCL model after accounting for spatial confounding factors and collinearity among predictors. Within-assemblage TL also was positively associated with Strahler stream order, suggesting that large rivers have the highest trophic diversity. High conductivity was negatively associated with FCL, as did with the mean TL of fish assemblages. However, an inverse association was found between mean TL and Strahler stream order, possibly because the presence of fish species of high TL may be offset by larger numbers of alien species of lower TL in large rivers. Given that there may be trophic replacements among native and alien species, this inference needs to be addressed with detailed trophic studies. However, reducing water conductivity by improved wastewater treatment and better agricultural practices probably would help to conserve the fish species on the apices of aquatic food-webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Maceda-Veiga
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Institute of Research in Biodiversity, Universitat de Barcelona (IRBio-UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Integrative Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Ralph Mac Nally
- Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Bruce 2617, ACT, Australia
| | - Adolfo de Sostoa
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Institute of Research in Biodiversity, Universitat de Barcelona (IRBio-UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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27
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Maceda-Veiga A, Mac Nally R, de Sostoa A. Water-quality impacts in semi-arid regions: can natural 'green filters' mitigate adverse effects on fish assemblages? WATER RESEARCH 2018; 144:628-641. [PMID: 30096689 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The effective aridity in riparian areas is increasing from climate change and from human water consumption, which exacerbates the impacts of effluents from wastewater-treatment plants and from catchment run-off in rivers. The potential of natural riparian areas to act as 'green filters' has long been recognized, but the possible ecological benefits of natural riparian areas over large-scale environmental gradients on fish have not been explored in detail. Using an extensive data-set from northeastern Spain (99,700 km2, 15 catchments, 530 sites), ours is the first study to ask whether natural riparian vegetation can mitigate the effects of pollution on fish in rivers experiencing water scarcity. We used multimodel inference to explore the additive and interactive effects of riparian vegetation with nutrient pollution and water conductivity, which are among the world's worst river stressors, on multiple fish guilds, including widely distributed species and highly invasive alien fish species. Most models (54%) supported the additive effects of water-quality factors on fish, after having accounted for the influence of geography and hydrological alterations. Although many fewer models (7%) included riparian vegetation as an important predictor, riparian vegetation modulated the forms of the associations between fish and pollution. The relationship of nutrient pollution with native and alien fish richness changed from negative to positive with greater riparian structure or species richness. However, we found the opposite effect for the mean body size of sedentary fish, and only positive additive effects of riparian richness for the probability of occurrence of pelagic fish. Ammonium and nitrite concentrations adversely affected fish in these rivers up to 10 years after the enforcement of the implementation of the Water Framework Directive by the European Union. High conductivity also much affects fish, having negatives associations with migratory, pelagic, invertivorous and native fish, and positive associations with sedentary, benthic, omnivorous and alien fish. Therefore, the current status of natural riparian areas is unlikely to fully mitigate water-quality impacts on fish. The conservation of freshwater resources in semi-arid regions, such as north-eastern Spain, requires improved waste-water treatments and better agriculture practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Maceda-Veiga
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Institute of Research in Biodiversity, Universitat de Barcelona (IRBio-UB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Integrative Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), 41092, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Ralph Mac Nally
- Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Bruce, 2617, ACT, Australia; Sunrise Ecological Research Institute, Ocean Grove, 3226, Australia
| | - Adolfo de Sostoa
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Institute of Research in Biodiversity, Universitat de Barcelona (IRBio-UB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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28
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García-Córcoles MT, Rodríguez-Gómez R, de Alarcón-Gómez B, Çipa M, Martín-Pozo L, Kauffmann JM, Zafra-Gómez A. Chromatographic Methods for the Determination of Emerging Contaminants in Natural Water and Wastewater Samples: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2018; 49:160-186. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2018.1496010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. T. García-Córcoles
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - R. Rodríguez-Gómez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Laboratory of Instrumental Analysis and Bioelectrochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - B. de Alarcón-Gómez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M. Çipa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | | | - J.-M. Kauffmann
- Laboratory of Instrumental Analysis and Bioelectrochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A. Zafra-Gómez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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29
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Mazzitelli JY, Budzinski H, Cachot J, Geffard O, Marty P, Chiffre A, François A, Bonnafe E, Geret F. Evaluation of psychiatric hospital wastewater toxicity: what is its impact on aquatic organisms? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:26090-26102. [PMID: 29971740 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2501-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The primary source of pharmaceuticals to the aquatic environment is the discharge of wastewater effluents. Pharmaceuticals are a large and diverse group of compounds. Among them, psychotropic substances are particularly interesting to study due to their specific known mode of action. The present study was performed to investigate the effects of wastewater effluents from a psychiatric hospital wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) on several aquatic organisms. All the analyzed pharmaceuticals (10 compounds) were detected in WWTP effluents as well as in the receiving river. Although the environmental concentrations were generally at trace levels (ng L-1 to μg L-1), induce toxic effects were observed. This study showed the effects of the WWTP effluents on the oogenesis and/or embryogenesis of amphipod crustacean Gammarus fossarum, Japanese fish medaka Oryzias latipes, mollusk Radix peregra, and planarian Schmidtea polychroa. A decrease of the number of oocytes and produced embryos was observed for G. fossarum and S. polychroa. Similarly, the hatching rate of R. peregra was affected by effluents. In the receiving river, the macroinvertebrate community was affected by the wastewater effluents discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Yves Mazzitelli
- Laboratoire Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Bioactives (EA BTSB 7417), University of Toulouse, INU Champollion, Albi, France
| | | | - Jérôme Cachot
- EPOC UMR 5805, University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Olivier Geffard
- Irstea, UR MALY (Freshwater Systems, Ecology and Pollution), Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pierre Marty
- Laboratoire Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Bioactives (EA BTSB 7417), University of Toulouse, INU Champollion, Albi, France
| | | | - Adeline François
- Irstea, UR MALY (Freshwater Systems, Ecology and Pollution), Villeurbanne, France
| | - Elsa Bonnafe
- Laboratoire Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Bioactives (EA BTSB 7417), University of Toulouse, INU Champollion, Albi, France
| | - Florence Geret
- Laboratoire Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Bioactives (EA BTSB 7417), University of Toulouse, INU Champollion, Albi, France.
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30
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Pereira AS, Dâmaso-Rodrigues ML, Amorim A, Daam MA, Cerejeira MJ. Aquatic community structure in Mediterranean edge-of-field waterbodies as explained by environmental factors and the presence of pesticide mixtures. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2018; 27:661-674. [PMID: 29909542 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-018-1944-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Studies addressing the predicted effects of pesticides in combination with abiotic and biotic factors on aquatic biota in ditches associated with typical Mediterranean agroecosystems are scarce. The current study aimed to evaluate the predicted effects of pesticides along with environmental factors and biota interactions on macroinvertebrate, zooplankton and phytoplankton community compositions in ditches adjacent to Portuguese maize and tomato crop areas. Data was analysed with the variance partitioning procedure based on redundancy analysis (RDA). The total variance in biological community composition was divided into the variance explained by the multi-substance potentially affected fraction [(msPAF) arthropods and primary producers], environmental factors (water chemistry parameters), biotic interactions, shared variance, and unexplained variance. The total explained variance reached 39.4% and the largest proportion of this explained variance was attributed to msPAF (23.7%). When each group (phytoplankton, zooplankton and macroinvertebrates) was analysed separately, biota interactions and environmental factors explained the largest proportion of variance. Results of this study indicate that besides the presence of pesticide mixtures, environmental factors and biotic interactions also considerably influence field freshwater communities. Subsequently, to increase our understanding of the risk of pesticide mixtures on ecosystem communities in edge-of-field water bodies, variations in environmental and biological factors should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Santos Pereira
- LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | | | - Ana Amorim
- MARE, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Michiel A Daam
- CENSE, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, Quinta da Torre, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Maria José Cerejeira
- LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisbon, Portugal
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31
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Tornés E, Mor JR, Mandaric L, Sabater S. Diatom responses to sewage inputs and hydrological alteration in Mediterranean streams. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 238:369-378. [PMID: 29574361 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the conjoint effects of sewage inputs and hydrological alteration on the occurrence of teratological forms and on the assemblage composition of stream benthic diatoms. The study was performed in 11 Mediterranean streams which received treated or untreated urban sewage (Impact sites, I), whose composition and morphological anomalies were compared to upstream unaffected (Control, C) sites. The impact sites had high concentrations of ammonium, phosphorus, and pharmaceutical compounds (antibiotics, analgesics, and anti-inflammatories), particularly in those receiving untreated sewage. Impact sites had a higher proportion of teratological forms as well as a prevalence of diatom taxa tolerant to pollution. The differences in the diatom assemblage composition between the paired C and I sites were the largest in the impacted sites that received untreated sewage inputs as well as in the systems with lower dilution capacity. In these sites, the diatom assemblage was composed by a few pollution-tolerant species. Mediterranean river systems facing hydrological stress are highly sensitive to chemical contamination, leading to the homogenization of their diatom assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Tornés
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, GRECO, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, M. Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Spain; ICRA, Scientific and Technologic Park of the University of Girona, Carrer Emili Grahit 101, Girona, 17003, Spain
| | - Jordi-René Mor
- ICRA, Scientific and Technologic Park of the University of Girona, Carrer Emili Grahit 101, Girona, 17003, Spain; Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ladislav Mandaric
- ICRA, Scientific and Technologic Park of the University of Girona, Carrer Emili Grahit 101, Girona, 17003, Spain
| | - Sergi Sabater
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, GRECO, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, M. Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Spain; ICRA, Scientific and Technologic Park of the University of Girona, Carrer Emili Grahit 101, Girona, 17003, Spain.
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32
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Lesser LE, Mora A, Moreau C, Mahlknecht J, Hernández-Antonio A, Ramírez AI, Barrios-Piña H. Survey of 218 organic contaminants in groundwater derived from the world's largest untreated wastewater irrigation system: Mezquital Valley, Mexico. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 198:510-521. [PMID: 29427952 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The Mezquital Valley system is the world's oldest and largest example with regard to use of untreated wastewater for agricultural irrigation. Because of the artificial high recharge associated with the Mezquital Valley aquifers, groundwater is extracted for human consumption, and there are plans to use this groundwater as a water resource for Mexico City. Thus, this study analyzed 218 organic micro-contaminants in wastewater, springs, and groundwater from Mezquital Valley. Five volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nine semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) were detected in the wastewater used for irrigation. Only two SVOCs [bis-2-(ethylhexyl) phthalate and dibutyl phthalate] were detected in all the wastewater canals and groundwater sources, whereas no VOCs were detected in groundwater and springs. Of the 118 pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) and 7 reproductive hormones measured, 65 PhACs and 3 hormones were detected in the wastewater. Of these, metformin, caffeine, and acetaminophen account for almost sixty percent of the total PhACs in wastewater. Nevertheless, 23 PhACs were detected in groundwater sources, where the majority of these compounds have low detection frequencies. The PhACs sulfamethoxazole, N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide, carbamazepine, and benzoylecgonine (primary cocaine metabolite) were frequently detected in groundwater, suggesting that although the soils act as a filter adsorbing and degrading the majority of the organic pollutant content in wastewater, these PhACs still reach the aquifer. Therefore, the presence of these PhACs, together with the high levels of the endocrine disruptor bis-2-(ethylhexyl) phthalate, indicate that water sources derived from the recharge of the studied aquifers may pose a risk to consumer health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Lesser
- Lesser y Asociados, S.A. de C.V., Querétaro, Mexico; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Abrahan Mora
- Centro del Agua para América Latina y el Caribe, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico.
| | - Cristina Moreau
- Centro del Agua para América Latina y el Caribe, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Jürgen Mahlknecht
- Centro del Agua para América Latina y el Caribe, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico
| | | | - Aldo I Ramírez
- Centro del Agua para América Latina y el Caribe, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Héctor Barrios-Piña
- Centro del Agua para América Latina y el Caribe, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico
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Carmona E, Picó Y. The Use of Chromatographic Methods Coupled to Mass Spectrometry for the Study of Emerging Pollutants in the Environment. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2018; 48:305-316. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2018.1430555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Carmona
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre (CIDE, UV-CSIC-GV), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Picó
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre (CIDE, UV-CSIC-GV), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Dalu T, Wasserman RJ, Tonkin JD, Mwedzi T, Magoro ML, Weyl OLF. Water or sediment? Partitioning the role of water column and sediment chemistry as drivers of macroinvertebrate communities in an austral South African stream. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 607-608:317-325. [PMID: 28692901 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution is a critical management issue, with many rivers and streams draining urban areas being polluted by the disposal of untreated solid waste and wastewater discharge, storm water and agricultural runoff. This has implications for biodiversity, and many rivers in the developing world are now considered compromised. We investigated benthic macroinvertebrate community structure and composition in relation to physico-chemical conditions of the water column and sediments. The study was conducted in an Austral catchment subject to both urban and agricultural pollutants in two different seasons. We assessed whether sediment characteristics were more important drivers of macroinvertebrate community composition than water column characteristics. We expected clear differences in macroinvertebrate community composition and in the associated community metrics due to distinct flow conditions between the two seasons. A combination of multivariate analyses (canonical correspondence analysis (CCA)) and biological indicator analysis were used to examine these patterns. Chironomidae was the most abundant family (>60%) in the upper mainstem river and stream sites. Stream sites were positively associated with CCA axis 2, being characterised by high turbidity and lower pH, salinity, phosphate concentration, channel width and canopy cover. Canopy cover, channel width, substrate embeddedness, phosphate concentration, pH, salinity and turbidity all had a significant effect on macroinvertebrate community composition. Using CCA variation partitioning, water quality was, however, a better predictor of benthic macroinvertebrate composition than sediment chemical conditions. Furthermore, our results suggest that seasonality had little effect on structuring benthic macroinvertebrate communities in this south-eastern zone of South Africa, despite clear changes in sediment chemistry. This likely reflects the relative lack of major variability in water chemistry compared to sediment chemistry between seasons and the relatively muted variability in precipitation between seasons than the more classic Austral temperate climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatenda Dalu
- Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, P O Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
| | - Ryan J Wasserman
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, P Bag 1015, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Jonathan D Tonkin
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Tongayi Mwedzi
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, Chinhoyi University of Technology, P Bag 7724, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
| | - Mandla L Magoro
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, P Bag 1015, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; DST/NRF Shallow Water Ecosystems Laboratory, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa
| | - Olaf L F Weyl
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, P Bag 1015, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
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Münze R, Hannemann C, Orlinskiy P, Gunold R, Paschke A, Foit K, Becker J, Kaske O, Paulsson E, Peterson M, Jernstedt H, Kreuger J, Schüürmann G, Liess M. Pesticides from wastewater treatment plant effluents affect invertebrate communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 599-600:387-399. [PMID: 28478367 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We quantified pesticide contamination and its ecological impact up- and downstream of seven wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in rural and suburban areas of central Germany. During two sampling campaigns, time-weighted average pesticide concentrations (cTWA) were obtained using Chemcatcher® passive samplers; pesticide peak concentrations were quantified with event-driven samplers. At downstream sites, receiving waters were additionally grab sampled for five selected pharmaceuticals. Ecological effects on macroinvertebrate structure and ecosystem function were assessed using the biological indicator system SPEARpesticides (SPEcies At Risk) and leaf litter breakdown rates, respectively. WWTP effluents substantially increased insecticide and fungicide concentrations in receiving waters; in many cases, treated wastewater was the exclusive source for the neonicotinoid insecticides acetamiprid and imidacloprid in the investigated streams. During the ten weeks of the investigation, five out of the seven WWTPs increased in-stream pesticide toxicity by a factor of three. As a consequence, at downstream sites, SPEAR values and leaf litter degradation rates were reduced by 40% and 53%, respectively. The reduced leaf litter breakdown was related to changes in the macroinvertebrate communities described by SPEARpesticides and not to altered microbial activity. Neonicotinoids showed the highest ecological relevance for the composition of invertebrate communities, occasionally exceeding the Regulatory Acceptable Concentrations (RACs). In general, considerable ecological effects of insecticides were observed above and below regulatory thresholds. Fungicides, herbicides and pharmaceuticals contributed only marginally to acute toxicity. We conclude that pesticide retention of WWTPs needs to be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Münze
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Institute of Biosciences, Leipziger Straße 29, 09596 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Christin Hannemann
- Brandenburg State Office of the Environment, Department of Water Management - River Basin Management, Seeburger Chaussee 2, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Polina Orlinskiy
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; University of Koblenz-Landau, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Roman Gunold
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Ecological Chemistry, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipziger Straße 29, 09596 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Albrecht Paschke
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Ecological Chemistry, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kaarina Foit
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jeremias Becker
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Oliver Kaske
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elin Paulsson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Märit Peterson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Jernstedt
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jenny Kreuger
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gerrit Schüürmann
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Ecological Chemistry, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipziger Straße 29, 09596 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Liess
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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Matamoros V, Rodríguez Y. Influence of seasonality and vegetation on the attenuation of emerging contaminants in wastewater effluent-dominated streams. A preliminary study. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 186:269-277. [PMID: 28783548 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Treated wastewater from small communities is discharged into rivers or streams with a high biodiversity value. This is particularly important in Mediterranean countries, where most of the streams are dry almost all year round. This preliminary study assessed the occurrence and attenuation of 23 emerging contaminants (ECs) in 4 wastewater-dominated streams in which treated wastewater accounted for the entire stream flow. The concentration of ECs was monitored in the warm and cold seasons in the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent and at 6 downstream locations. The concentration of ECs in the WWTP effluents ranged from undetected to 12 μg L-1. The attenuation of ECs 1 km downstream ranged from no removal to up to 80% (48% on average). The half-lives of ECs in the 4 streams ranged from 0.4 to 20 h (3.9 ± 3.5 h on average). Compounds such as benzodiazepine drugs and flame retardants were the most recalcitrant (half-lives >5 h). The highest attenuation of ECs and ammonia was observed in the stream completely covered by vegetation. The cumulative hazardous quotient 1 km downstream was reduced on average by more than 60%. Therefore, the results suggest that both seasonality and vegetation play an important role in in-stream attenuation of ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Matamoros
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona, 18-26, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Yolanda Rodríguez
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona, 18-26, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
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Yadav MK, Short MD, Aryal R, Gerber C, van den Akker B, Saint CP. Occurrence of illicit drugs in water and wastewater and their removal during wastewater treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 124:713-727. [PMID: 28843086 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This review critically evaluates the types and concentrations of key illicit drugs (cocaine, amphetamines, cannabinoids, opioids and their metabolites) found in wastewater, surface water and drinking water sources worldwide and what is known on the effectiveness of wastewater treatment in removing such compounds. It is also important to amass information on the trends in specific drug use as well as the sources of such compounds that enter the environment and we review current international knowledge on this. There are regional differences in the types and quantities of illicit drug consumption and this is reflected in the quantities detected in water. Generally, the levels of illicit drugs in wastewater effluents are lower than in raw influent, indicating that the majority of compounds can be at least partially removed by conventional treatment processes such as activated sludge or trickling filters. However, the literature also indicates that it is too simplistic to assume non-detection equates to drug removal and/or mitigation of associated risks, as there is evidence that some compounds may avoid detection via inadequate sampling and/or analysis protocols, or through conversion to transformation products. Partitioning of drugs from the water to the solids fraction (sludge/biosolids) may also simply shift the potential risk burden to a different environmental compartment and the review found no information on drug stability and persistence in biosolids. Generally speaking, activated sludge-type processes appear to offer better removal efficacy across a range of substances, but the lack of detail in many studies makes it difficult to comment on the most effective process configurations and operations. There is also a paucity of information on the removal effectiveness of alternative treatment processes. Research is also required on natural removal processes in both water and sediments that may over time facilitate further removal of these compounds in receiving environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena K Yadav
- Natural and Built Environments Research Centre, School of Natural and Built Environments, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.
| | - Michael D Short
- Natural and Built Environments Research Centre, School of Natural and Built Environments, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.
| | - Rupak Aryal
- Natural and Built Environments Research Centre, School of Natural and Built Environments, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.
| | - Cobus Gerber
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, City East Campus, North Terrace, Playford Building, Level 4, Room 47, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Ben van den Akker
- Natural and Built Environments Research Centre, School of Natural and Built Environments, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; Australian Water Quality Centre, SA Water, 250 Victoria Square, Adelaide SA 5000; GPO Box 1751, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Christopher P Saint
- Natural and Built Environments Research Centre, School of Natural and Built Environments, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.
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38
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Kristofco LA, Brooks BW. Global scanning of antihistamines in the environment: Analysis of occurrence and hazards in aquatic systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 592:477-487. [PMID: 28325591 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Concentration of the global population is increasingly occurring in megacities and other developing regions, where access to medicines is increasing more rapidly than waste management systems are implemented. Because freshwater and coastal systems are influenced by wastewater effluent discharges of differential quality, exposures in aquatic systems must be considered. Here, we performed a global scanning assessment of antihistamines (AHs), a common class of medicines, in surface waters and effluents. Antihistamines were identified, literature occurrence and ecotoxicology data on AHs collated, therapeutic hazard values (THVs) calculated, and environmental exposure distributions (EEDs) of AHs compared to ecotoxicity thresholds and drug specific THVs to estimate hazards in surface waters and effluents. Literature searches of 62 different AHs in environmental matrices identified 111 unique occurrence publications of 24 specific AHs, largely from Asia-Pacific, Europe, and North America. However, the majority of surface water (63%) and effluent (85%) observations were from Europe and North America, which highlights relatively limited information from many regions, including developing countries and rapidly urbanizing areas in Africa, Latin America and Asia. Less than 10% of all observations were for estuarine or marine systems, though the majority of human populations reside close to coastal habitats. EED 5th and 95th centiles for all AHs were 2 and 212ng/L in surface water, 5 and 1308ng/L in effluent and 6 and 4287ng/L in influent, respectively. Unfortunately, global hazards and risks of AHs to non-target species remain poorly understood. However, loratadine observations in surface waters exceeded a THV without an uncertainty factor 40% of the time, indicating future research is needed to understand aquatic toxicology, hazards and risks associated with this AH. This unique global scanning study further illustrates the utility of global assessments of pharmaceuticals and other contaminants to identify chemicals requiring toxicology study and regions where environmental monitoring, assessment and management efforts appear limited and necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Kristofco
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
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Windsor FM, Ormerod SJ, Tyler CR. Endocrine disruption in aquatic systems: up-scaling research to address ecological consequences. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017; 93:626-641. [PMID: 28795474 PMCID: PMC6849538 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine‐disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can alter biological function in organisms at environmentally relevant concentrations and are a significant threat to aquatic biodiversity, but there is little understanding of exposure consequences for populations, communities and ecosystems. The pervasive nature of EDCs within aquatic environments and their multiple sub‐lethal effects make assessments of their impact especially important but also highly challenging. Herein, we review the data on EDC effects in aquatic systems focusing on studies assessing populations and ecosystems, and including how biotic and abiotic processes may affect, and be affected by, responses to EDCs. Recent research indicates a significant influence of behavioural responses (e.g. enhancing feeding rates), transgenerational effects and trophic cascades in the ecological consequences of EDC exposure. In addition, interactions between EDCs and other chemical, physical and biological factors generate uncertainty in our understanding of the ecological effects of EDCs within aquatic ecosystems. We illustrate how effect thresholds for EDCs generated from individual‐based experimental bioassays of the types commonly applied using chemical test guidelines [e.g. Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD)] may not necessarily reflect the hazards associated with endocrine disruption. We argue that improved risk assessment for EDCs in aquatic ecosystems urgently requires more ecologically oriented research as well as field‐based assessments at population‐, community‐ and food‐web levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredric M Windsor
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, U.K.,Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4PS, U.K
| | - Steve J Ormerod
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, U.K
| | - Charles R Tyler
- Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4PS, U.K
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40
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Hom-Diaz A, Norvill ZN, Blánquez P, Vicent T, Guieysse B. Ciprofloxacin removal during secondary domestic wastewater treatment in high rate algal ponds. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 180:33-41. [PMID: 28391150 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the removal of antibiotic ciprofloxacin during the treatment of real wastewater using high rate algal ponds (HRAP). When spiked at 2 mg/L into primary domestic wastewater, ciprofloxacin (CPX) was efficiently removed from laboratory scale photobioreactors continuously operated under various durations of artificial illumination and hydraulic residence times. Subsequent batch tests conducted with reactor microcosms showed CPX removal was mainly caused by photodegradation during daytime, and sorption to biomass during night time. These findings were confirmed during an experiment conducted in a 1000 L pilot HRAP operated outdoors, as well as during outdoor batch assays conducted using pilot HRAP microcosms. While these results highlight a potentially interesting treatment capacity in comparison to conventional biological treatment, further research must confirm these findings at relevant pollutant concentration (ng-μg/L) and determine the fate and potential toxicity of degradation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hom-Diaz
- Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering Department, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zane N Norvill
- School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Paqui Blánquez
- Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering Department, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Vicent
- Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering Department, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benoit Guieysse
- School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
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Calero-Cáceres W, Méndez J, Martín-Díaz J, Muniesa M. The occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes in a Mediterranean river and their persistence in the riverbed sediment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 223:384-394. [PMID: 28126386 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment is a serious concern. Bacterial ARGs can spread via different mobile genetic elements as phage particles, which thereby emerge as novel vectors for environmental dissemination. To assess how climate events, such as heavy rains or water scarcity, could affect the spread of ARGs, it is necessary to know their prevalence and abundance in aquatic environments as well as the potential reservoirs from which they could become mobile. This study evaluates the occurrence of ARGs in the water and sediment of a Mediterranean river. Six clinically relevant ARGs (blaTEM, blaCTX-M, qnrA, qnrS, mecA and sul1) were quantified by qPCR in the bacterial and phage fractions of 69 water and 70 sediment samples from the River Llobregat (NE Spain), collected during both dry and rainy periods. blaTEM and sul1 were the most prevalent and abundant ARGs; the others were more variable. Significant seasonal differences in ARG prevalences and abundances were observed. Since ARGs were detected in the sediment, the persistence of the most abundant ARGs naturally occurring in that sediment (blaTEM and sul1) was evaluated under three conditions. No ARG inactivation occurred in fresh sediment over 14 days; while the ARGs declined by less than 2 log10 units over 35 days in semi-dry and dry sediment. The occurrence of ARGs in water and sediment is influenced by seasonal conditions and they can be mobilized by bacteria and phage particles. In sediment, ARGs persist for long periods and hence sediment can be a natural reservoir of ARGs, from where they can spread and cause the emergence of new resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Calero-Cáceres
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, Annex, Floor 0, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Méndez
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, Annex, Floor 0, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia Martín-Díaz
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, Annex, Floor 0, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maite Muniesa
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, Annex, Floor 0, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Pompei CME, Ciric L, Canales M, Karu K, Vieira EM, Campos LC. Influence of PPCPs on the performance of intermittently operated slow sand filters for household water purification. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 581-582:174-185. [PMID: 28041695 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) from drinking water is usually enhanced by advanced oxidation which is not affordable in low income countries. Slow sand filtration has been found to be capable of removing anti-inflammatory compounds, and its low maintenance costs and easy operation make it an attractive technology for treating drinking water in many parts of the world. In addition, slow sand filters can be used at both large and household scales. The biofilm (i.e. schmutzdecke) developed on the top of the sand and within the upper layers of the sand is acknowledged to be responsible for the water purification. However, it is possible that the PPCPs may affect the schmutzdecke development and microbial community within the filters, and consequently the performance of the filter. This study investigated two household slow sand filters (for water purification) operated intermittently with and without contamination by six PPCPs. Eleven parameters were monitored in the affluent and effluent water, including bacterial species present and schmutzdecke biomass development. Results demonstrated that the household slow sand filter performance was not affected by the 2μgL-1 of PPCPs in the water. There was no significant difference between filters for total coliforms and E. coli removal, but there was considerable difference between sampling times. Biomass considerably increased with the number of filtrations in both filters and there was no significant difference between filter biomass. However, it was found that more bacterial species were present in the period with no contamination than during the contamination period. Bacillus anthracis and Exiguobacterium sp. showed to be resistant to the effects of the PPCPs. These suggest there are effects of PPCPs on bacterial species within the filter. However, the effect of the PPCPs on biomass was not conclusive in this study and needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M E Pompei
- Water Resources and Applied Ecology Center, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, Caixa Postal 292, São Carlos, SP CEP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Lena Ciric
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Melisa Canales
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Kersti Karu
- Department of Chemistry, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Eny M Vieira
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Physics, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São Carlense 400, Caixa Postal 780, São Carlos, SP CEP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Luiza C Campos
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
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Solé A, Matamoros V. Removal of endocrine disrupting compounds from wastewater by microalgae co-immobilized in alginate beads. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 164:516-523. [PMID: 27619062 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae systems have been found to be efficient for removing microcontaminants from wastewater effluents, but the effectiveness of immobilized microalgae for removing endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) has not yet been addressed. This paper assesses the effect of free and immobilized microalgae on removal efficiency for 6 EDCs by mixing them in 2.5 L reactors with treated wastewater. The experimental design also included control reactors without microalgae. After 10 days of incubation, 64 and 89% of the NH4-N and 90 and 96% of total phosphorous (TP) had been eliminated in the free microalgae and immobilized microalgae reactors, respectively, while the control reactors eliminated only 40% and 70% of the NH4-N and TP, respectively. Both the free and immobilized microalgae reactors were able to remove up to 80% of most of the studied EDCs within 10 days of incubation. Free microalgae were found to increase the kinetic removal rate for bisphenol A, 17-α-ethinylestradiol, and 4-octylphenol (25%, 159%, and 41%, respectively). Immobilizing the microalgae in alginate beads additionally enhanced the kinetic removal rate for bisphenol AF, bisphenol F, and 2,4-dichlorophenol. This study shows that the use of co-immobilized microalgae-based wastewater treatment systems increases the removal efficiency for nutrients and some EDCs from wastewater effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Solé
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona, 18-26, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Matamoros
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona, 18-26, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain.
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Rico A, Van den Brink PJ, Leitner P, Graf W, Focks A. Relative influence of chemical and non-chemical stressors on invertebrate communities: a case study in the Danube River. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 571:1370-82. [PMID: 27450262 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A key challenge for the ecological risk assessment of chemicals has been to evaluate the relative contribution of chemical pollution to the variability observed in biological communities, as well as to identify multiple stressor groups. In this study we evaluated the toxic pressure exerted by >200 contaminants to benthic macroinvertebrates in the Danube River using the Toxic Unit approach. Furthermore, we evaluated correlations between several stressors (chemical and non-chemical) and biological indices commonly used for the ecological status assessment of aquatic ecosystems. We also performed several variation partitioning analyses to evaluate the relative contribution of contaminants and other abiotic parameters (i.e. habitat characteristics, hydromorphological alterations, water quality parameters) to the structural and biological trait variation of the invertebrate community. The results of this study show that most biological indices significantly correlate to parameters related to habitat and physico-chemical conditions, but showed limited correlation with the calculated toxic pressure. The calculated toxic pressure, however, showed little variation between sampling sites, which complicates the identification of pollution-induced effects. The results of this study show that the variation in the structure and trait composition of the invertebrate community are mainly explained by habitat and water quality parameters, whereas hydromorphological alterations play a less important role. Among the water quality parameters, physico-chemical parameters such as suspended solids, nutrients or dissolved oxygen explained a larger part of the variation in the invertebrate community as compared to metals or organic contaminants. Significant correlations exist between some physico-chemical measurements (e.g. nutrients) and some chemical classes (i.e. pharmaceuticals, chemicals related to human presence) which constitute important multiple stressor groups. This study demonstrates that, in large rivers like the Danube, the variation in the invertebrate community seems to be more related to varying habitat and physico-chemical conditions than to chemical pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreu Rico
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Paul J Van den Brink
- Alterra, Wageningen University and Research centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University, Wageningen University and Research centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Leitner
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, BOKU, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfram Graf
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, BOKU, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Focks
- Alterra, Wageningen University and Research centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Aristi I, Casellas M, Elosegi A, Insa S, Petrovic M, Sabater S, Acuña V. Nutrients versus emerging contaminants-Or a dynamic match between subsidy and stress effects on stream biofilms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 212:208-215. [PMID: 26845368 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems are threatened by multiple anthropogenic stressors, which might be differentiated into two types: those that reduce biological activity at all concentrations (toxic contaminants), and those that subsidize biological activity at low concentrations and reduce it at high concentrations (assimilable contaminants). When occurring in mixtures, these contaminants can have either antagonistic, neutral or synergistic effects; but little is known on their joint effects. We assessed the interaction effects of a mixture of assimilable and toxic contaminants on stream biofilms in a manipulative experiment using artificial streams, and following a factorial design with three nutrient levels (low, medium or high) and either presence or absence of a mixture of emerging contaminants (ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, diclofenac, methylparaben, and sulfamethoxazole). We measured biofilm biomass, basal fluorescence, gross primary production and community respiration. Our initial hypotheses were that biofilm biomass and activity would: increase with medium nutrient concentrations (subsidy effect), but decrease with high nutrient concentrations (stress effect) (i); decrease with emerging contaminants, with the minimum decrease at medium nutrient concentrations (antagonistic interaction between nutrients subsidy and stress by emerging contaminants) and the maximum decrease at high nutrient concentrations (synergistic interaction between nutrients and emerging contaminants stress) (ii). All the measured variables responded linearly to the available nutrients, with no toxic effect at high nutrient concentrations. Emerging contaminants only caused weak toxic effects in some of the measured variables, and only after 3-4 weeks of exposure. Therefore, only antagonistic interactions were observed between nutrients and emerging contaminants, as medium and high nutrient concentrations partly compensated the harmful effects of emerging contaminants during the first weeks of the experiment. Our results show that contaminants with a subsidy effect can alleviate the effects of toxic contaminants, and that long-term experiments are required to detect stress effects of emerging contaminants at environmentally relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Aristi
- Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the Basque Country, PO Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - M Casellas
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - A Elosegi
- Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the Basque Country, PO Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - S Insa
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - M Petrovic
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Sabater
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain
| | - V Acuña
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain.
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Sabater S, Barceló D, De Castro-Català N, Ginebreda A, Kuzmanovic M, Petrovic M, Picó Y, Ponsatí L, Tornés E, Muñoz I. Shared effects of organic microcontaminants and environmental stressors on biofilms and invertebrates in impaired rivers. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 210:303-314. [PMID: 26803786 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Land use type, physical and chemical stressors, and organic microcontaminants were investigated for their effects on the biological communities (biofilms and invertebrates) in several Mediterranean rivers. The diversity of invertebrates, and the scores of the first principal component of a PCA performed with the diatom communities were the best descriptors of the distribution patterns of the biological communities against the river stressors. These two metrics decreased according to the progressive site impairment (associated to higher area of agricultural and urban-industrial, high water conductivity, higher dissolved organic carbon and dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations, and higher concentration of organic microcontaminants, particularly pharmaceutical and industrial compounds). The variance partition analyses (RDAs) attributed the major share (10%) of the biological communities' response to the environmental stressors (nutrients, altered discharge, dissolved organic matter), followed by the land use occupation (6%) and of the organic microcontaminants (2%). However, the variance shared by the three groups of descriptors was very high (41%), indicating that their simultaneous occurrence determined most of the variation in the biological communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sabater
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, GRECO, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain; ICRA, Carrer Emili Grahit 101, Girona 17003, Spain.
| | - D Barceló
- ICRA, Carrer Emili Grahit 101, Girona 17003, Spain; Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - N De Castro-Català
- Department of Ecology, University of Barcelona. Fac. Biology, Avda. Diagonal 645, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Ginebreda
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Kuzmanovic
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Petrovic
- ICRA, Carrer Emili Grahit 101, Girona 17003, Spain; ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Y Picó
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group, Department of Medicine Preventive and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Legal Medicine, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n., 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - L Ponsatí
- ICRA, Carrer Emili Grahit 101, Girona 17003, Spain
| | - E Tornés
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, GRECO, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain; ICRA, Carrer Emili Grahit 101, Girona 17003, Spain
| | - I Muñoz
- Department of Ecology, University of Barcelona. Fac. Biology, Avda. Diagonal 645, Barcelona, Spain
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47
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Matamoros V, Uggetti E, García J, Bayona JM. Assessment of the mechanisms involved in the removal of emerging contaminants by microalgae from wastewater: a laboratory scale study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 301:197-205. [PMID: 26364268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Aerated batch reactors (2.5L) fed either with urban or synthetic wastewater were inoculated with microalgae (dominated by Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp.) to remove caffeine, ibuprofen, galaxolide, tributyl phosphate, 4-octylphenol, tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate and carbamazepine for 10 incubation days. Non-aerated and darkness reactors were used as controls. Microalgae grew at a rate of 0.25 d(-1) with the complete removal of N-NH4 during the course of the experiment. After 10 incubation days, up to 99% of the microcontaminants with a Henry's law constant higher than 3 10(-1) Pa m(3) mol(-1) (i.e., 4-octylphenol, galaxolide, and tributyl phosphate) were removed by volatilization due to the effect of air stripping. Whereas biodegradation was effective for removing ibuprofen and caffeine, carbamazepine and tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate behaved as recalcitrant compounds. The use of microalgae was proved to be relevant for increasing the biodegradation removal efficiency of ibuprofen by 40% and reducing the lag phase of caffeine by 3 days. Moreover, the enantioselective biodegradation of S-ibuprofen suggested a biotic prevalent removal process, which was supported by the identification of carboxy-ibuprofen and hydroxy-ibuprofen. The results from microalgae reactors fed with synthetic wastewater showed no clear evidences of microalgae uptake of any of the studied microcontaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Matamoros
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona, 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Enrica Uggetti
- GEMMA-Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Hydraulic, Maritime and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya BarcelonaTech, c/Jordi Girona, 1-3, Building D1, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan García
- GEMMA-Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Hydraulic, Maritime and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya BarcelonaTech, c/Jordi Girona, 1-3, Building D1, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M Bayona
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona, 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
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48
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Ruhí A, Acuña V, Barceló D, Huerta B, Mor JR, Rodríguez-Mozaz S, Sabater S. Bioaccumulation and trophic magnification of pharmaceuticals and endocrine disruptors in a Mediterranean river food web. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 540:250-9. [PMID: 26170111 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence exists that emerging pollutants such as pharmaceuticals (PhACs) and endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) can be bioaccumulated by aquatic organisms. However, the relative role of trophic transfers in the acquisition of emerging pollutants by aquatic organisms remains largely unexplored. In freshwater ecosystems, wastewater treatment plants are a major source of PhACs and EDCs. Here we studied the entrance of emerging pollutants and their flow through riverine food webs in an effluent-influenced river. To this end we assembled a data set on the composition and concentrations of a broad spectrum of PhACs (25 compounds) and EDCs (12 compounds) in water, biofilm, and three aquatic macroinvertebrate taxa with different trophic positions and feeding strategies (Ancylus fluviatilis, Hydropsyche sp., Phagocata vitta). We tested for similarities in pollutant levels among these compartments, and we compared observed bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) to those predicted by a previously-developed empirical model based on octanol-water distribution coefficients (Dow). Despite a high variation in composition and levels of emerging pollutants across food web compartments, observed BAFs in Hydropsyche and Phagocata matched, on average, those already predicted. Three compounds (the anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac, the lipid regulator gemfibrozil, and the flame retardant TBEP) were detected in water, biofilm and (at least) one macroinvertebrate taxa. TBEP was the only compound present in all taxa and showed magnification across trophic levels. This suggests that prey consumption may be, in some cases, a significant exposure route. This study advances the notion that both waterborne exposure and trophic interactions need to be taken into account when assessing the potential ecological risks of emerging pollutants in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Ruhí
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain; Julie Ann Wrigley Global Institute of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.
| | - Vicenç Acuña
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Damià Barceló
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain; Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA CSIC, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Belinda Huerta
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi-Rene Mor
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Sergi Sabater
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain; Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, 17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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49
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Kuzmanović M, López-Doval JC, De Castro-Català N, Guasch H, Petrović M, Muñoz I, Ginebreda A, Barceló D. Ecotoxicological risk assessment of chemical pollution in four Iberian river basins and its relationship with the aquatic macroinvertebrate community status. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 540:324-33. [PMID: 26170110 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ecotoxicological risk assessment of chemical pollution in four Iberian river basins (Llobregat, Ebro, Júcar and Guadalquivir) was performed. The data set included more than 200 emerging and priority compounds measured at 77 sampling sites along four river basins studied. The toxic units (TU) approach was used to assess the risk of individual compounds and the concentration addition model (CA) to assess the site specific risk. Link between chemical pollution and aquatic macroinvertebrate communities in situ was examined by using four biological indexes; SPEAR ("Species at Risk Index") as the indicator of decline of sensitive species in relation to general organic (SPEARorganic) and pesticides (SPEARpesticides) pollution; and Shannon and Margalef biodiversity indexes. The results of the study suggested that organic chemicals posed the risk of acute effects at 42% of the sampling sites and the risk of chronic effects at all the sites. Metals posed the acute risk at 44% of the sites. The main drivers of the risk were mainly pesticides and metals. However, several emerging contaminants (e.g. the antidepressant drug sertraline and the disinfectant triclosan) were contributing to the chronic effects risk. When risk associated with metals and organic chemicals was compared, the latter dominated in 2010, mainly due to the presence of highly toxic pesticides, while metals did in 2011. Compounds that are not regulated on the European level were posing the risk of chronic effects at 23% of the sites. The decline of sensitive macroinvertebrate taxa expressed in terms of SPEAR index was correlated with the increase of toxic stress related to organic compounds Biodiversity indexes were negatively correlated with the metals and the urban land use type in the catchment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Kuzmanović
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Dep. of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio C López-Doval
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Ecology, University of São Paulo, R. do Matão, Travessa 14, 321 Butantã 05508-090 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Núria De Castro-Català
- Department of Ecology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helena Guasch
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology and Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Mira Petrović
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; ICREA, Passeig Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Muñoz
- Department of Ecology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Ginebreda
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Dep. of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Damià Barceló
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Dep. of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
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50
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Lorenzo M, Campo J, Farré M, Pérez F, Picó Y, Barceló D. Perfluoroalkyl substances in the Ebro and Guadalquivir river basins (Spain). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 540:191-199. [PMID: 26250865 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Mediterranean rivers are characteristically irregular with changes in flow and located in high population density areas. This affects the concentration of pollutants in the aquatic environments. In this study, the occurrence and sources of 21 perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were determined in water, sediment and biota of the Ebro and Guadalquivir river basins (Spain). In water samples, of 21 analytes screened, 11 were found in Ebro and 9 in Guadalquivir. In both basins, the most frequents were PFBA, PFPeA and PFOA. Maximum concentration was detected for PFBA, up to 251.3 ng L(-1) in Ebro and 742.9 ng L(-1) in Guadalquivir. Regarding the sediments, 8 PFASs were detected in the samples from Ebro and 9 in those from Guadalquivir. The PFASs most frequently detected were PFBA, PFPeA, PFOA and PFOS. Maximum concentration in Ebro samples was, in dry weight, for PFOA (32.3 ng g(-1)) and in Guadalquivir samples for PFBA (63.8 ng g(-1)). For biota, 12 PFASs were detected in fish from the Ebro River and only one (PFOS) in that from Guadalquivir. In the Ebro basin, the most frequents were PFBA, PFHxA, PFOA, PFBS, PFOS and PFOSA. Maximum concentration in Ebro samples was, in wet weight, for PFHxA with 1280.2 ng g(-1), and in Guadalquivir samples for PFOS with 79.8 ng g(-1). These compounds were detected in the whole course of the rivers including the upper parts. In some points contamination was due to point sources mostly related to human activities (e.g. ski resorts, military camps, urban areas.). However, there are also some areas clearly affected by diffuse sources as atmospheric deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Lorenzo
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre (CIDE-UV, GV, CSIC), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Julián Campo
- Environmental Forensic and Landscape Chemistry Research Group, Desertification Research Centre - CIDE (Spanish Council for Scientific Research, University of Valencia, Generalitat Valenciana), Spain; Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), Earth Surface Sciences Research Group, Universiteit van Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marinella Farré
- Department of Environmental Chemistry (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisca Pérez
- Department of Environmental Chemistry (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yolanda Picó
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre (CIDE-UV, GV, CSIC), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Damià Barceló
- Department of Environmental Chemistry (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit, 101, Edifici H2O, Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, E-17003 Girona, Spain
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