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Miryan M, Rashid SA, Navashenaq JG, Soleimani D, Nematy M, Moludi J. Dietary inflammatory index in relation to the progression of hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis: evaluation by elastography/Fibroscan. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:128. [PMID: 38589782 PMCID: PMC11000290 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03209-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the proposed mechanisms by which nutrition influences the progression of hepatic steatosis to fibrosis is inflammation. The study investigated how the inflammatory potential of the diet affects the risk of liver damage in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a condition where fat accumulates in the liver. This cross-sectional study included 170 outpatients with newly diagnosed NAFLD. This study used a device called Fibroscan® to measure the degree of liver fibrosis, which is the scarring of the liver tissue due to chronic inflammation. The study also used a tool called the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) to measure the inflammatory potential of the diet based on the intake of different foods and nutrients. In the findings of the study, patients with more severe fat accumulation in the liver (hepatic steatosis) had higher DII scores, meaning they had more inflammatory diets. The study also found that higher DII scores were associated with higher weight and body mass index (BMI). One standard deviation (SD) increase in DII scores was associated with a 0.29 kilopascal (95% CI: 0.10-0.44; P-value 0.001) increase in the mean liver stiffness, an indicator of liver fibrosis. The study concluded that patients with higher DII scores had a higher risk of developing liver fibrosis than those with lower DII scores, even after adjusting for confounding factors (odds ratio: 5.89; P-value: 0.001). The study suggested that eating less inflammatory foods may help prevent or slow down the progression of hepatic steatosis and liver in patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Miryan
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | | | - Davood Soleimani
- Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Research Center of Oils and Fats, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nematy
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jalal Moludi
- Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
- Research Center of Oils and Fats, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Alvares-da-Silva MR, Ivancovsky-Wajcman D, Oliveira CP, Rabie S, Longo L, Uribe-Cruz C, Yoshimura SM, Joveleviths D, Ben-Yehoyada M, Grinshpan LS, Shibolet O, Kariv R, Zelber-Sagi S. High red meat consumption among PNPLA3 polymorphism carriers is associated with NAFLD in a multi-center cross-sectional study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2024:10.1038/s41430-024-01416-w. [PMID: 38403728 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-024-01416-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 gene (PNPLA3) polymorphism has been implicated in susceptibility to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), with evidence for potential interaction with nutrition. However, the combination of meat consumption with genetic polymorphism has not been tested. Therefore, this study aims to test the association between the joint presence of PNPLA3 rs738409 G-allele with high meat consumption and NAFLD in populations with diverse meat consumption. METHODS A cross-sectional study among Israeli screening and Brazilian primary healthcare populations. Food consumption was assessed by a food-frequency questionnaire. PNPLA3 polymorphism was defined as homozygous (GG) or heterozygous (GC). Inconclusive/probable NAFLD was defined as a fatty liver index (FLI) ≥ 30 and probable NAFLD as FLI ≥ 60. RESULTS The sample included 511 subjects from the screening and primary healthcare populations (n = 213 and n = 298, respectively). Genetic polymorphism (homozygous GG or heterozygous GC) combined with high consumption of total meat, red and/or processed meat, unprocessed red meat, and processed meat was associated with the highest odds for inconclusive/probable NAFLD (OR = 2.75, 95%CI 1.27-5.97, p = 0.011; OR = 3.24, 1.43-7.34, p = 0.005; OR = 2.92, 1.32-6.47, p = 0.008; OR = 3.16, 1.46-6.83, p = 0.003, respectively), adjusting for age, gender, BMI, alcohol consumption, carbohydrate, and saturated fat intake. In addition, genetic polymorphism combined with high processed meat consumption was associated with the highest odds for probable NAFLD (OR = 2.40, 95%CI 1.04-5.56, p = 0.040). CONCLUSIONS High red meat intake may confer a greater risk for NAFLD among PNPLA3 polymorphism carriers. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and consider minimizing red and processed meat consumption among PNPLA3 polymorphism carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Reis Alvares-da-Silva
- GI/Liver Unit, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, 90035-903, Brazil
- CNPq researcher, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Claudia P Oliveira
- CNPq researcher, Brasília, Brazil
- Division of Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (LIM-07), Hospital das Clinicas, Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 3115, Cerqueira Cesar, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Soheyla Rabie
- GI/Liver Unit, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Larisse Longo
- GI/Liver Unit, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Carolina Uribe-Cruz
- GI/Liver Unit, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Silvia Massami Yoshimura
- Division of Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (LIM-07), Hospital das Clinicas, Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 3115, Cerqueira Cesar, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dvora Joveleviths
- GI/Liver Unit, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Merav Ben-Yehoyada
- Department of Gastroenterology Tel-Aviv Medical Center, 6 Weizman St., Tel-Aviv, 6423906, Israel
| | - Laura Sol Grinshpan
- School of Public Health, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Oren Shibolet
- Department of Gastroenterology Tel-Aviv Medical Center, 6 Weizman St., Tel-Aviv, 6423906, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, 30 Haim Lebanon St., Tel-Aviv, 6139601, Israel
| | - Revital Kariv
- Department of Gastroenterology Tel-Aviv Medical Center, 6 Weizman St., Tel-Aviv, 6423906, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, 30 Haim Lebanon St., Tel-Aviv, 6139601, Israel
| | - Shira Zelber-Sagi
- School of Public Health, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Haifa, 3498838, Israel.
- Department of Gastroenterology Tel-Aviv Medical Center, 6 Weizman St., Tel-Aviv, 6423906, Israel.
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Elguezabal Rodelo RG, Porchia LM, Torres‐Rasgado E, López-Bayghen E, Gonzalez-Mejia ME. Visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease while augmenting Metabolic Syndrome's effect on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A cross-sectional study of NHANES 2017-2018. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298662. [PMID: 38394065 PMCID: PMC10889905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim was to evaluate the effect different types of abdominal fat have on NAFLD development and the effects of abdominal fat has on the association between Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and NALFD. METHODS Data was collected from the cross-sectional NHANES dataset (2017-2018 cycle). Using the controlled attenuation parameter (USG CAP, dB/m), which measures the level of steatosis, the cohort was stratified into two groups: NAFLD(+) (≥274 dB/m) and NAFLD(-). Using complex samples analyses, associations between liver steatosis or NAFLD and types of abdominal fat area [Total abdominal (TAFA), subcutaneous (SAT), and visceral (VAT)] were determined. Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) was calculated to evaluate the associations between adipose tissues and NAFLD. Logistic regression was used to determine the risk [odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI)]. Participants were also classified by MetS, using the Harmonizing Definition criteria. RESULTS Using 1,980 participants (96,282,896 weighted), there was a significant (p<0.001) correlation between USG CAP and TAFA (r = 0.569), VAT (r = 0.645), and SAT (r = 0.479). Additionally, the risk of developing NAFLD was observed for total abdominal obesity (OR = 19.9, 95%CI: 5.1-77.8, p<0.001), visceral obesity (OR = 9.1, 95%CI: 6.2-13.5, p<0.001) and subcutaneous obesity (OR = 4.8, 95%CI: 3.2-6.9, p<0.001). Using 866 participants (44,399,696 weighted), for visceral obesity, participants with MetS and visceral obesity (OR = 18.1, 95%CI: 8.0-41.3, p<0.001) were shown to have a greater risk than participants with MetS only (OR = 6.3, 95%CI: 2.6-15.2, p<0.001). For subcutaneous obesity, again, participants with MetS and subcutaneous obesity (OR = 18.3, 95%CI: 8.0-41.9, p<0.001) were shown to have a greater risk than the MetS-only group (OR = 10.3, 95%CI: 4.8-22.4, p<0.001). CONCLUSION TAFA, VAT, and SAT were positively associated with USG CAP values and increased the risk of developing NAFLD. Also, the type of abdominal fat depots did affect the association between MetS and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonardo M. Porchia
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Puebla, México
| | | | - Esther López-Bayghen
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
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Cernea S. NAFLD Fibrosis Progression and Type 2 Diabetes: The Hepatic-Metabolic Interplay. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:272. [PMID: 38398781 PMCID: PMC10890557 DOI: 10.3390/life14020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The bidirectional relationship between type 2 diabetes and (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) NAFLD is indicated by the higher prevalence and worse disease course of one condition in the presence of the other, but also by apparent beneficial effects observed in one, when the other is improved. This is partly explained by their belonging to a multisystemic disease that includes components of the metabolic syndrome and shared pathogenetic mechanisms. Throughout the progression of NAFLD to more advanced stages, complex systemic and local metabolic derangements are involved. During fibrogenesis, a significant metabolic reprogramming occurs in the hepatic stellate cells, hepatocytes, and immune cells, engaging carbohydrate and lipid pathways to support the high-energy-requiring processes. The natural history of NAFLD evolves in a variable and dynamic manner, probably due to the interaction of a variable number of modifiable (diet, physical exercise, microbiota composition, etc.) and non-modifiable (genetics, age, ethnicity, etc.) risk factors that may intervene concomitantly, or subsequently/intermittently in time. This may influence the risk (and rate) of fibrosis progression/regression. The recognition and control of the factors that determine a rapid progression of fibrosis (or its regression) are critical, as the fibrosis stages are associated with the risk of liver-related and all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Cernea
- Department M3, Internal Medicine I, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureş, 540142 Târgu Mureş, Romania; or
- Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Outpatient Unit, Emergency County Clinical Hospital, 540136 Târgu Mureş, Romania
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Hu J, Li S, Zhong X, Wei Y, Sun Q, Zhong L. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells attenuate diet-induced obesity and NASH-related fibrosis in mice. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25460. [PMID: 38356602 PMCID: PMC10864966 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma but has no available treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become increasingly prominent in cell therapy. Human umbilical cord MSCs (hUC-MSCs) are considered superior to other MSCs due to their strong immunomodulatory ability, ease of collection, low immune rejection, and no tumorigenicity. Though hUC-MSCs have received increasing attention in research, they have been rarely applied in any investigations or treatments of NASH and associated fibrosis. Therefore, this study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of hUC-MSCs in C57BL/6 mice with diet-induced NASH. At week 32, mice were randomized into two groups: phosphate-buffered saline and MSCs, which were injected into the tail vein. At week 40, glucose metabolism was evaluated using glucose and insulin tolerance tests. NASH-related indicators were examined using various biological methods. hUC-MSC administration alleviated obesity, glucose metabolism, hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Liver RNA-seq showed that the expression of the acyl-CoA thioesterase (ACOT) family members Acot1, Acot2, and Acot3 involved in fatty acid metabolism were altered. The cytochrome P450 (CYP) members Cyp4a10 and Cyp4a14, which are involved in the peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway, were significantly downregulated after hUC-MSC treatment. In conclusion, hUC-MSCs effectively reduced Western diet-induced obesity, NASH, and fibrosis in mice, partly by regulating lipid metabolism and the PPAR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yushuang Wei
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Qinjuan Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200120, China
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Naghizadeh MM, Osati S, Homayounfar R, Masoudi-Nejad A. Food co-consumption network as a new approach to dietary pattern in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20703. [PMID: 38001137 PMCID: PMC10673913 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47752-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary patterns strongly correlate with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is a leading cause of chronic liver disease in developed societies. In this study, we introduce a new definition, the co-consumption network (CCN), which depicts the common consumption patterns of food groups through network analysis. We then examine the relationship between dietary patterns and NAFLD by analyzing this network. We selected 1500 individuals living in Tehran, Iran, cross-sectionally. They completed a food frequency questionnaire and underwent scanning via the FibroScan for liver stiffness, using the CAP score. The food items were categorized into 40 food groups. We reconstructed the CCN using the Spearman correlation-based connection. We then created healthy and unhealthy clusters using the label propagation algorithm. Participants were assigned to two clusters using the hypergeometric distribution. Finally, we classified participants into two healthy NAFLD networks, and reconstructed the gender and disease differential CCNs. We found that the sweet food group was the hub of the proposed CCN, with the largest cliques of size 5 associated with the unhealthy cluster. The unhealthy module members had a significantly higher CAP score (253.7 ± 47.8) compared to the healthy module members (218.0 ± 46.4) (P < 0.001). The disease differential CCN showed that in the case of NAFLD, processed meat had been co-consumed with mayonnaise and soft drinks, in contrast to the healthy participants, who had co-consumed fruits with green leafy and yellow vegetables. The CCN is a powerful method for presenting food groups, their consumption quantity, and their interactions efficiently. Moreover, it facilitates the examination of the relationship between dietary patterns and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Naghizadeh
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Science, Fasa, Iran
| | - Saeed Osati
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Homayounfar
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Masoudi-Nejad
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Li R, Li M, Bidulescu A, Fly AD, Luo J. Diets with Higher Anti-inflammatory Potential Associated with Lower Risk of Development of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Early-Stage of Fibrosis Among US Adults. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:4009-4021. [PMID: 37535123 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-08059-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited evidence of how dietary inflammatory potential influences nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression. AIMS Our study aims to evaluate the association of dietary inflammatory index (DII) with liver fibrosis, a hallmark feature of NAFLD, among US adults. METHODS Cross-sectional data consisting of 5,506 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2011 to 2018 were used. Energy adjusted-DII (E-DII) scores were calculated using 2 days of 24-h dietary recall data. We used a partial proportional odds model to determine risk at each stage of fibrosis according to the E-DII score. RESULTS The weighted prevalence of NAFLD (assessed by US fatty liver index) was 34.5%, with 23.2% (assessed by NAFLD Fibrosis Score) having mild fibrosis, 10.4% intermediate fibrosis, and 0.9% advanced fibrosis. When comparing the most pro-inflammatory diets to the most anti-inflammatory diets (AIDs) in the multivariable model, the marginal probability effect (MPE) of NAFLD, mild fibrosis and intermediate fibrosis increased by 11.7% (95% CI 6.6%, 16.9%), 7.0% (95% CI 3.5%, 10.4%) and 4.0% (95% CI 0.3%, 7.5%), respectively. The MPE of advanced fibrosis was not significant (MPE = 0.7%; 95% CI - 1.1%, 2.8%). Similar associations were observed when applying Fibrosis-4 and transient elastography as fibrosis diagnostic measurements. CONCLUSIONS An AID was associated with lower risk of development of NAFLD and early-stage of fibrosis among US adults. But the associations became attenuated and dissipated as the fibrogenesis became severe. Further studies are needed to re-confirm our observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, 1025 E. 7th St., Bloomington, IN, USA.
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, 1025 E. 7th St., Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Aurelian Bidulescu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, 1025 E. 7th St., Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Alyce D Fly
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, College of Health, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
| | - Juhua Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, 1025 E. 7th St., Bloomington, IN, USA
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Taghdir M, Salehi A, Parastouei K, Abbaszadeh S. Relationship between diet quality and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease predictor indices in Iranian patients with metabolic syndrome: A cross-sectional study. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:6133-6139. [PMID: 37823171 PMCID: PMC10563747 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the association between diet quality and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) predictor indices in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). This cross-sectional study was carried out among 344 adult patients with MetS. The diet quality of patients was calculated by Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015). NAFLD predictor indices (Hepatic Steatosis Index [HSI], Triglyceride-Glucose Index [TyG], and Fatty Liver Index [FLI]) were calculated and compared according to the HEI-2015 quartiles. The relationship between the HEI-2015 score and HSI, FLI, and TyG Index was estimated using multiple linear regression analysis. The findings of the present study revealed that patients with the highest HEI score had the lowest FLI score (p = .003) and HSI score (p = .05). There was an inverse relationship between the HEI-2015 score and FLI (β = -0.49; p < .001), HSI (β = -0.05; p = .25), and TyG Index (β = -0.002; p = .34). According to our result, after adjusting for possible confounding factors, there was a statistically significant inverse association between HEI-2015 and FLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Taghdir
- Health Research Centre, Life Style InstituteBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of HealthBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Akram Salehi
- Student Research CommitteeBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Karim Parastouei
- Health Research Centre, Life Style InstituteBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Sepideh Abbaszadeh
- Health Research Centre, Life Style InstituteBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Kamari N, Fateh HL, Darbandi M, Najafi F, Moradi M, Pasdar Y. Fatty liver index relationship with biomarkers and lifestyle: result from RaNCD cohort study. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:172. [PMID: 37217853 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02785-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifestyle intervention can effectively treat patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The present study aimed to investigate the association between lifestyle factors with fatty liver index (FLI) in Iranian adults. METHODS This study enrolled 7114 subjects from the Ravansar Non-Communicable Diseases (RaNCD) cohort study in western Iran. To compute the FLI score, anthropometric measures, and a few non-invasive liver status indicators were used. Binary logistic regression models examined the association between FLI score and lifestyle. RESULTS Participants with FLI < 60 had a lower daily energy intake compared to those with FLI ≥ 60 (2740.29 vs. 2840.33 kcal/day, P = < 0.001). The risk of NAFLD in males with high socioeconomic status (SES) was 72% higher than in those with low SES (OR: 1.72; 95% CIs 1.42-2.08). An adjusted logistic regression model showed a significantly negative association between high physical activity and fatty liver index in both men and women. (OR: 0.44, p-value < 0.001 and OR: 0.54, p-value < 0.001, respectively). The odds of NAFLD in female participants with depression were 71% higher than in non-depressed participants (OR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.06-2.64). Dyslipidemia and high visceral fat area (VFA) were also associated with a significant increase in the risk of NAFLD (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In our study, we found that good SES, high VFA, and dyslipidemia were associated with an increased risk of NAFLD. Conversely, high physical activity reduces the risk of NAFLD. Therefore, lifestyle modification may help improve liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Kamari
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hawal Lateef Fateh
- Nursing Department, Kalar Technical College, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Mitra Darbandi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farid Najafi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Moradi
- Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Yahya Pasdar
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Xu J, Wei Y, Huang Y, Wei X. Regulatory Effects and Molecular Mechanisms of Tea and Its Active Compounds on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3103-3124. [PMID: 36773311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common chronic liver disease, is a multifactorial disease resulting from the interaction between environment, genetic background, and metabolic stress. Most treatments for NAFLD include dietary intervention and exercise show limited efficacy due to the complex mechanisms involved in NAFLD. Meanwhile, drug therapy is accompanied by serious side effects. The development of high-efficiency natural supplements is a sustainable strategy for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. As the second most consumed beverage, tea has health benefits that have been widely recognized. Nevertheless, the intervention of tea active compounds in NAFLD has received limited attention. Tea contains abundant bioactive compounds with potential effects on NAFLD, such as catechins, flavonoids, theanine, tea pigments, and tea polysaccharides. We reviewed the intrinsic and environmental factors and pathogenic mechanisms that affect the occurrence and development of NAFLD, and summarized the influences of exercise, drugs, diet, and tea drinking on NAFLD. On this basis, we further analyzed the potential effects and molecular regulatory mechanisms of tea active compounds on NAFLD and proposed future development directions. This review hopes to provide novel insights into the development and application of tea active compounds in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Yang Wei
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Yi Huang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Xinlin Wei
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
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11
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Miryan M, Darbandi M, Moradi M, Najafi F, Soleimani D, Pasdar Y. Relationship between the Mediterranean diet and risk of hepatic fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A cross-sectional analysis of the RaNCD cohort. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1062008. [PMID: 36908910 PMCID: PMC9992532 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1062008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite evidence supporting the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on hepatic steatosis in subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the relationship of the MedDiet with hepatic fibrosis is as yet unclear. The aim of the present study was to explore this association in Iranian adults with NAFLD. Methods This cross-sectional study included 3,325 subjects with NAFLD from the Ravansar Noncommunicable Disease (RaNCD) cohort. Dietary intake data were collected by a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The MedDiet score was computed based on a nine-point scale constructed by Trichopoulou et al. Fatty liver index (FLI) and fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index were used to predict hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in the population. Multivariate regression models were applied to determine associations. Results Subjects in the highest tertile of MedDiet score had a higher platelet and a lower weight, total cholesterol (TC), LDL-c, and FLI than those in the lowest tertile (p-value < 0.05). Adherence to the MedDiet was associated with a 7.48 (95%CI: 5.376 to 9.603; p-value: 0.001) × 103/μl; -0.417 (95%CI: -0.819 to -0.014; p-value: 0.042) kg, -2.505 (95%CI: -3.835 to -1.175; p-value: 0.001) mg/dl; and -1.93 (95%CI: -2.803 to -1.061; p-value: 0.001) mg/dl change in platelet, weight, TC, and LDL-c for each SD increase in the score, respectively. A significant linear trend was observed in odds of hepatic fibrosis across the tertiles of the MedDiet score (P-trend: 0.008). This linear trend was attenuated but remained significant after the adjustment of the relevant confounders (P-trend: 0.032). Adherence to the MedDiet was independently associated with about 16% lower odds of having hepatic fibrosis in patients with NAFLD for each SD increase in the score. Conclusion Adherence to the MedDiet characterized by a high intake of whole grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, and fish was associated with a lower risk of having hepatic fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. Further studies are required to elucidate the causal relationship of observed association in individuals of all ages, ethnicities, and etiologies of hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Miryan
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mitra Darbandi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Moradi
- Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farid Najafi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Davood Soleimani
- Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Research Center of Oils and Fats, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Yahya Pasdar
- Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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12
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Yoshimura SM, Duarte SMB, Stefano JT, Mazo DFDC, Pinho JRR, Oliveira CP. PNPLA3 GENE POLYMORPHISM AND RED MEAT CONSUMPTION INCREASED FIBROSIS RISK IN NASH BIOPSY-PROVEN PATIENTS UNDER MEDICAL FOLLOW-UP IN A TERTIARY CENTER IN SOUTHWEST BRAZIL. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2023; 60:98-105. [PMID: 37194786 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.202301000-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies show an increase in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in populations with higher consumption of red meat, processed and cooked at high temperatures. On the other hand, the single nucleotide polymorphism rs738409 in the Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3) gene has been implicated in susceptibility to NAFLD and liver fibrosis. However, the synergistic effect between red meat consumption and the PNPLA3 gene polymorphism in NAFLD has not yet been evaluated. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between the presence of the polymorphism in the PNPLA3 gene and the consumption of macronutrients, including meat consumption and its cooking method among NAFLD patients. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study with 91 patients diagnosed with NAFLD by liver biopsy with genotyping for the polymorphism in the PNPLA3 gene were included. The consumption of calories and macronutrients was verified using the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and the specific questionnaire on meat consumption. PNPLA3 gene polymorphism was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and anthropometric evaluation was realized. RESULTS The mean BMI was 32.38±4.58 kg/m² and the waist circumference was 107±10 cm. On liver biopsy, 42% of patients had significant fibrosis (F≥2). The odds ratio of F≥2 was 2.12 for the GG group and 1.54 for the CG group, compared to the CC group. The mean caloric intake was 1170±463.20 kcal/d. The odds ratio in the CC group concerning high red meat consumption in comparison to low consumption was 1.33. For white meat, the odds ratio was 0.8 when comparing high and low intake, also in the CC group. CONCLUSION High red meat intake and PNPLA3 gene polymorphism seem to synergistically affect NAFLD and liver fibrosis, requiring confirmation in a larger number of patients and in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Massami Yoshimura
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Laboratório de Gastroenterologia Clínica e Experimental (LIM-07), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Sebastião Mauro Bezerra Duarte
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Laboratório de Gastroenterologia Clínica e Experimental (LIM-07), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - José Tadeu Stefano
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Laboratório de Gastroenterologia Clínica e Experimental (LIM-07), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Daniel Ferraz de Campos Mazo
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Divisão de Gastroenterologia Clínica e Hepatologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - João Renato Rebello Pinho
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical (LIM-07), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Claudia P Oliveira
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Laboratório de Gastroenterologia Clínica e Experimental (LIM-07), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Divisão de Gastroenterologia Clínica e Hepatologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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13
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Wekesa C, Ocama P, Parkes-Ratanshi R, Kirk GD. Burden and correlates of significant liver fibrosis among HIV-infected and uninfected adults in urban Uganda. DIALOGUES IN HEALTH 2022; 1:100027. [PMID: 38515903 PMCID: PMC10953957 DOI: 10.1016/j.dialog.2022.100027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Following chronic inflammation and other disease specific factors, the risk of liver disease is believed to be higher among HIV-infected patients than in the general population despite shared risk factors. Understanding this differentiated burden and its drivers will inform policy and priority populations for intervention. Methods This was a cross sectional study among 516 adults attending care clinics in Kampala Uganda. Significant liver fibrosis (SLF) was defined as liver stiffness measurement ≥7.2 KPa identified by Fibroscan®. Data analyses were stratified by HIV status and we performed logistic regression performed to identify correlates. Results The prevalence of SLF was higher among HIV un-infected patients ((24% Vs 14%; p0.004). Overall HIV-uninfected patients were more likely to be overweight and or obese, with elevated serum cholesterol levels. Elevated measurement of fatty change in the liver (CAP scores >248 dB/m) was associated with SLF among HIV un-infected patients (OR 2.3 CI (1.0-5.2); p = 0.046). Low nadir CD4 counts (200cell/mm3) was predictive of SLF among HIV-infected patients (OR 3.3 CI (1.0-10.7); p = 0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of SLF was unexpectedly higher among HIV un-infected than HIV affected patients attending care clinics in urban Uganda. This observed burden is most likely driven by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) resulting from metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Wekesa
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ponsiano Ocama
- Makerere University, College of Health Sciences Kampala, Uganda
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Mansour-Ghanaei F, Mahdavi-Roshan M, Darabi Z, Seyyedin B, Joukar F, Rezazadeh A. Major Dietary Patterns in Association with the Grades of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Newly Diagnosed Patients Living in North of Iran. Int J Prev Med 2022; 13:121. [PMID: 36276888 PMCID: PMC9580550 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_660_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that dietary pattern is related to incidence and grades of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between major dietary patterns and hepatic histologic features of newly diagnosed patients with NAFLD. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 260 newly diagnosed NAFLD patients. Hepatic fibrosis and steatosis were diagnosed using Fibroscan. Dietary information was obtained using a validated 168-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. The association between dietary patterns and odds ratio of the grade of fibrosis and steatosis was examined by multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS The mean ± SD age participant was 46.53 ± 11.71 years. Fifty-seven percent of the participants were women. Two major dietary patterns were recognized: "Western dietary pattern" and "Mediterranean dietary pattern." After adjustment for various confounders, adherence to the two extracted dietary patterns was not associated with odds of fibrosis and steatosis (P > 0.05). However, P was not significant. Patients in the second quartile of the Mediterranean dietary pattern had a higher risk for being in the F1 grade compared to those in the reference group in the crude and adjusted model. CONCLUSIONS The major dietary patterns of NAFLD patients living in Gilan were not related to the severity of their disease. More precise study design such as cohort or interventional studies is suggested to reveal the strength of this study findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Marjan Mahdavi-Roshan
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran,Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Zahra Darabi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Bahareh Seyyedin
- Department of Community Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Behehshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Joukar
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Arezoo Rezazadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Behehshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Arezoo Rezazadeh, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Industry, Shahid Beheshti Medical University, Tehran - 19395-4741, Iran. E-mail:
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15
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High Meat Consumption Is Prospectively Associated with the Risk of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Presumed Significant Fibrosis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173533. [PMID: 36079791 PMCID: PMC9459934 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been associated with meat consumption in cross-sectional studies. However, only a few prospective studies have been conducted, and they did not test for liver fibrosis. We aimed to assess the association between meat consumption changes and the incidence and remission of NAFLD and significant liver fibrosis. We used a prospective cohort study design, including 316 subjects aged 40–70 years, participating in baseline and follow-up evaluations at Tel-Aviv Medical Center. NAFLD was determined by liver ultrasound or controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), and liver fibrosis was determined by FibroScan. Meat consumption (g/day) was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). In multivariable-adjusted analyses, high consumption of red and/or processed meat (≥gender-specific median) was associated with a higher risk of NAFLD with elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (OR = 3.75, 1.21–11.62, p = 0.022). Consistently high (in both baseline and follow-up evaluations) total meat consumption was associated with 2.55-fold (95% CI 1.27–5.12, p = 0.009) greater odds for new onset and/or persistence of NAFLD compared to consistently low meat consumption. A similar association was shown for consistently high consumption of red and/or processed meat (OR = 2.12, 95% CI 1.11–4.05, p = 0.022). Consistently high red and/or processed meat consumption was associated with 4.77-fold (95% CI 1.36–16.69, p = 0.014) greater odds for significant fibrosis compared to consistently low consumption. Minimizing the consumption of red and/or processed meat may help prevent NAFLD and significant fibrosis.
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16
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Vijay A, Al-Awadi A, Chalmers J, Balakumaran L, Grove JI, Valdes AM, Taylor MA, Shenoy KT, Aithal GP. Development of Food Group Tree-Based Analysis and Its Association with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Co-Morbidities in a South Indian Population: A Large Case-Control Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142808. [PMID: 35889764 PMCID: PMC9322963 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global problem growing in parallel to the epidemics of obesity and diabetes, with South Asians being particularly susceptible. Nutrition and behaviour are important modifiers of the disease; however, studies to date have only described dietary patterns and nutrients associated with susceptibility to NAFLD. METHODS This cross-sectional case-control study included 993 NAFLD patients and 973 healthy controls from Trivandrum (India). Dietary data was collected using a locally validated food frequency questionnaire. A tree-based classification categorised 2165 ingredients into three levels (food groups, sub-types, and cooking methods) and intakes were associated with clinical outcomes. RESULTS NAFLD patients had significantly higher consumption of refined rice, animal fat, red meat, refined sugar, and fried foods, and had lower consumption of vegetables, pulses, nuts, seeds, and milk compared to controls. The consumption of red meat, animal fat, nuts, and refined rice was positively associated with NAFLD diagnosis and the presence of fibrosis, whereas consumption of leafy vegetables, fruits, and dried pulses was negatively associated. Fried food consumption was positively associated with NAFLD, whilst boiled food consumption had a negative association. Increased consumption of animal fats was associated with diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular outcomes among those with NAFLD, whereas consumption of wholegrain rice was negatively associated with these clinical-related outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The tree-based approach provides the first comprehensive method of classifying food intakes to enable the identification of specific dietary factors associated with NAFLD and related clinical outcomes. This could inform culturally sensitive dietary guidelines to reduce risk of NAFLD development and/or its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Vijay
- Inflammation, Injury and Recovery Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (A.V.); (A.M.V.)
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (A.A.-A.); (J.C.); (J.I.G.)
| | - Amina Al-Awadi
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (A.A.-A.); (J.C.); (J.I.G.)
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Jane Chalmers
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (A.A.-A.); (J.C.); (J.I.G.)
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Leena Balakumaran
- Population Health Research Institute (PHRI), Trivandrum, Kerala 695011, India; (L.B.); (K.T.S.)
| | - Jane I. Grove
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (A.A.-A.); (J.C.); (J.I.G.)
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Ana M. Valdes
- Inflammation, Injury and Recovery Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (A.V.); (A.M.V.)
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (A.A.-A.); (J.C.); (J.I.G.)
| | - Moira A. Taylor
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK;
| | - Kotacherry T. Shenoy
- Population Health Research Institute (PHRI), Trivandrum, Kerala 695011, India; (L.B.); (K.T.S.)
| | - Guruprasad P. Aithal
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (A.A.-A.); (J.C.); (J.I.G.)
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-01158231149
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Dietary phytochemical consumption is inversely associated with liver alkaline phosphatase in Middle Eastern adults. World J Hepatol 2022. [DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i5.1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Darabi Z, Webb RJ, Mozaffari-Khosravi H, Mirzaei M, Davies IG, Khayyatzadeh SS, Mazidi M. Dietary phytochemical consumption is inversely associated with liver alkaline phosphatase in Middle Eastern adults. World J Hepatol 2022; 14:1006-1015. [PMID: 35721289 PMCID: PMC9157700 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i5.1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hepatoprotective effects of phytochemicals are controversial. A dietary phytochemical index (DPI) has been suggested as an alternative method for quantifying the phytochemical content of foods.
AIM To assess the DPI in relation to liver function tests among a representative sample of Iranian adults.
METHODS A total of 5111 participants aged 35-70 years old were included in this cross-sectional study by a multistage cluster random sampling method. Dietary intakes were collected by a validated and reliable food frequency questionnaire with 121 items. DPI was calculated by the percent of daily energy intake taken from phytochemical-rich foods. Fasting serum concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) were determined. Linear regression was used to investigate the association between DPI and levels of liver enzymes using crude and adjusted models.
RESULTS There was an inverse association between DPI score and serum ALP in the crude model (β = -0.05; P < 0.001). This association remained significant after adjustment for body mass index, age, smoking, energy intake, history of diabetes, and education (β = -0.03; P = 0.01). No significant associations were found between DPI score and serum levels of AST, ALT, and GGT. The individuals with the highest DPI scores consumed significantly higher amounts of fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, and cereals, yet were shown to have significantly higher serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, as well as several other metabolic abnormalities.
CONCLUSION Higher adherence to phytochemical-rich foods was associated with lower levels of ALP, but no change in other liver enzymes. Those with higher DPI scores also consumed food items associated with a healthier overall dietary pattern; however, they also presented several unexpected metabolic derangements. Additional randomised trials are needed to better determine the effects of phytochemical-rich foods on liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Darabi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Richard James Webb
- School of Health Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool L16 9JD, United Kingdom
| | - Hassan Mozaffari-Khosravi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoghi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Masoud Mirzaei
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Centre, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ian Glynn Davies
- School of Sports and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, IM Marsh Campus, Barkhill Road, Liverpool L17 6AF, United Kingdom
| | - Sayyed Saeid Khayyatzadeh
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mazidi
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King’s college London, South Wing St Thomas', London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
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Shah ND, Barritt AS. Nutrition as Therapy in Liver Disease. Clin Ther 2022; 44:682-696. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2022.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Luu NM, Nguyen TKT, Vu TT, Dinh TS, Luu NH, Do TTT, Nguyen VS, Ha TBV, Nguyen DC, Tran TH, Phung TTH, Duong XP, Khuong QL, Nguyen TTT, Saw YM, Hoang TNA, Nguyen TN. Progression of liver fibrosis and associated factors among chronic hepatitis B patients at a general hospital in Northern Vietnam. NAGOYA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2022; 84:19-28. [PMID: 35392005 PMCID: PMC8971045 DOI: 10.18999/nagjms.84.1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of liver fibrosis is necessary to make the therapeutic decision and assess the prognosis of CHB patients. The current study aimed to describe the progression and identify some influencing factors in patients with chronic hepatitis B at a General Hospital in Northern Vietnam. The longitudinal study included 55 eligible subjects diagnosed Hepatitis-B-virus. Dependent variable was the aspartate aminotransferase/platelet ratio index and we collected some demographic variables and disease related and behaviour variables. Bayesian Model Averaging was used to select variables into model. Mixed-effect linear models were used to evaluate the change of the aspartate aminotransferase/platelet ratio index over time and identify related factors. the aspartate aminotransferase/platelet ratio index differences between examinations, age of participants, working status were statistically significant. This pattern indicated that the average the aspartate aminotransferase/platelet ratio index of the population decreased by 0.005 (95% CI=-0.009; -0.001) after each patient's visit, and increased by 0.013 if the patient's age increased by 1 year (95% CI=0.005; 0.0219). For non-working patients, the aspartate aminotransferase/platelet ratio index was lower, coefficient was -0.054 (95% CI=-0.108; 0.001). Other variables such as gender, education level, time for disease detection, drinking tea, alcohol consumption, forgetting to take medicine and the aspartate aminotransferase/platelet ratio index were not significantly different. The study showed that the majority of study subjects had average the aspartate aminotransferase/platelet ratio index, and were relatively well controlled and treated during the study. Age and working status are factors that influence the the aspartate aminotransferase/platelet ratio index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Minh Luu
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Thu Trang Vu
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thai Son Dinh
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc Hoat Luu
- Medical Faculty, Phenikaa University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Thanh Toan Do
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Quynh Long Khuong
- Center for Population Health Sciences, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Thu Trang Nguyen
- Division of Public Health and Nutrition, General Department of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Yu Mon Saw
- Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Thi Ngoc Anh Hoang
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Nhan Nguyen
- Foreign Language Department, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Barré T, Fontaine H, Ramier C, Di Beo V, Pol S, Carrieri P, Marcellin F, Cagnot C, Dorival C, Zucman-Rossi J, Zoulim F, Carrat F, Protopopescu C. Elevated coffee consumption is associated with a lower risk of elevated liver fibrosis biomarkers in patients treated for chronic hepatitis B (ANRS CO22 Hepather cohort). Clin Nutr 2022; 41:610-619. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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22
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Macro- and micronutrients in metabolic (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease: association between advanced fibrosis and high dietary intake of cholesterol/saturated fatty acids. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 33:e390-e394. [PMID: 33731597 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM There is still no approved pharmacotherapy for metabolic (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Although dietary and lifestyle modifications for weight loss remain the mainstay for disease management, the association between macro- and micronutrients and fibrosis stage in patients with MAFLD remains unclear. This study was undertaken to address this issue. METHODS This is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from patients in whom MAFLD was diagnosed with vibration controlled transient elastography. Steatosis was defined by a controlled attenuation parameter ≥238 dB/m, whereas a liver stiffness measurement ≥11 kPa was considered to indicate advanced fibrosis. RESULTS The study sample consisted of 106 patients with MAFLD (mean age 49 ± 10 years, 52 men and 54 women). Among the different micro- and macronutrients tested, only the dietary intake of cholesterol and saturated fatty acid (SFA) was independently associated with the presence of advanced fibrosis. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that cholesterol/SFA-restricted dietary regimens - as exemplified by the traditional Mediterranean diet - may reduce the risk of advanced fibrosis in patients with MAFLD.
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Pal P, Palui R, Ray S. Heterogeneity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Implications for clinical practice and research activity. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:1584-1610. [PMID: 34904031 PMCID: PMC8637673 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i11.1584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a heterogeneous condition with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations and natural history and disease severity. There is also substantial inter-individual variation and variable response to a different therapy. This heterogeneity of NAFLD is in turn influenced by various factors primarily demographic/dietary factors, metabolic status, gut microbiome, genetic predisposition together with epigenetic factors. The differential impact of these factors over a variable period of time influences the clinical phenotype and natural history. Failure to address heterogeneity partly explains the sub-optimal response to current and emerging therapies for fatty liver disease. Consequently, leading experts across the globe have recently suggested a change in nomenclature of NAFLD to metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) which can better reflect current knowledge of heterogeneity and does not exclude concomitant factors for fatty liver disease (e.g. alcohol, viral hepatitis, etc.). Precise identification of disease phenotypes is likely to facilitate clinical trial recruitment and expedite translational research for the development of novel and effective therapies for NAFLD/MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Pal
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad 500082, India
| | - Rajan Palui
- Department of Endocrinology, The Mission Hospital, Durgapur 713212, West Bengal, India
| | - Sayantan Ray
- Department of Endocrinology, Jagannath Gupta Institute of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Kolkata 700137, West Bengal, India
- Diabetes and Endocrinology, Apollo Clinic, Ballygunge, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India
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Yki-Järvinen H, Luukkonen PK, Hodson L, Moore JB. Dietary carbohydrates and fats in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18:770-786. [PMID: 34257427 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-021-00472-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The global prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has dramatically increased in parallel with the epidemic of obesity. Controversy has emerged around dietary guidelines recommending low-fat-high-carbohydrate diets and the roles of dietary macronutrients in the pathogenesis of metabolic disease. In this Review, the topical questions of whether and how dietary fats and carbohydrates, including free sugars, differentially influence the accumulation of liver fat (specifically, intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) content) are addressed. Focusing on evidence from humans, we examine data from stable isotope studies elucidating how macronutrients regulate IHTG synthesis and disposal, alter pools of bioactive lipids and influence insulin sensitivity. In addition, we review cross-sectional studies on dietary habits of patients with NAFLD and randomized controlled trials on the effects of altering dietary macronutrients on IHTG. Perhaps surprisingly, evidence to date shows no differential effects between free sugars, with both glucose and fructose increasing IHTG in the context of excess energy. Moreover, saturated fat raises IHTG more than polyunsaturated or monounsaturated fats, with adverse effects on insulin sensitivity, which are probably mediated in part by increased ceramide synthesis. Taken together, the data support the use of diets that have a reduced content of free sugars, refined carbohydrates and saturated fat in the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannele Yki-Järvinen
- Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Panu K Luukkonen
- Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Leanne Hodson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
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Hayat U, Siddiqui AA, Okut H, Afroz S, Tasleem S, Haris A. The effect of coffee consumption on the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis: A meta-analysis of 11 epidemiological studies. Ann Hepatol 2021; 20:100254. [PMID: 32920163 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2020.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a widespread chronic liver disease. It is considered a multifactorial disorder that can progress to liver fibrosis and cause a worldwide public health concern. Coffee consumption may have a protective impact on NAFLD and liver fibrosis. However, the evidence from the previous studies is inconsistent. This meta-analysis summarizes available literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study comprises two meta-analyses. The first meta-analysis summarizes the effect of coffee consumption on NAFLD in those who did or did not drink coffee. The second analysis compares the risk of liver fibrosis development between NAFLD patients who did or did not drink coffee. Pooled risk ratios (RR) and confidence intervals (CI) of observational studies were estimated. RESULTS Of the total collected 321 articles, 11 met our eligibility criteria to be included in the analysis. The risk of NAFLD among those who drank coffee compared to those who did not was significantly lower with a pooled RR value of 0.77 (95% CI 0.60-0.98). Moreover, we also found a significantly reduced risk of liver fibrosis in those who drink coffee than those who did not drink in the NAFLD patients with the relative risk (RR) of 0.68 (95% CI 0.68-0.79). CONCLUSIONS Regular coffee consumption is significantly associated with a reduced risk of NAFLD. It is also significantly associated with decreased risk of liver fibrosis development in already diagnosed NAFLD patients. Although coffee consumption may be considered an essential preventive measure for NAFLD, this subject needs further epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Hayat
- Department of Population Health, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita, KA, USA.
| | - Ali A Siddiqui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Loma Linda University Hospital, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Hayrettin Okut
- Department of Population Health, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita, KA, USA
| | - Saba Afroz
- Hospital Medicine, Wesley Medical Center, Wichita, KA, USA
| | - Syed Tasleem
- Department of Gastroenterology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Ahmed Haris
- Hospital Medicine, Wesley Medical Center, Wichita, KA, USA
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On the Relationship Between Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with Body Composition and Bone Mineral Density in Overweight/Obese Adolescents. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.112184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a health problem growing in line with the rising prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents, which may be correlated with different metabolic abnormalities such as osteoporosis. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the possible relationship between NAFLD with body composition and bone mineral density (BMD) in obese and overweight adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional study encompassed 70 adolescents aged 11 - 18 years and was conducted during March 2016 and September 2016 in Mashhad, Iran. Anthropometric parameters and blood biomarkers were measured. Fat mass, fat-free mass, and BMD were determined using dual-energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans, and NAFLD was also assessed using Fibroscan. All statistical data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21. Multivariate linear regression assessed the relationship between liver fat content with bone-related indicators, and multivariate logistic regression detected the relationship between body composition and NAFLD. Results: Total and trunk fat mass were significantly correlated with higher NAFLD even after controlling for intervening factors (total fat mass, OR = 1.27; 95% CI, 1.016 to 1.59, P = 0.036; trunk fat mass, OR = 1.35; 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.88, P = 0.045). Moreover, liver fat content was significantly correlated with lower BMD Z-score after adjusting for gender, BMI Z-score, ALT, fat mass index, total lean mass, and physical activity (β = -0.285, P = 0.048). Conclusions: The findings of the present study suggest that excess adipose tissue is correlated with higher NAFLD. Moreover, liver steatosis may be correlated with decreased BMD Z-score in overweight/obese adolescents.
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Han MAT, Yu Q, Tafesh Z, Pyrsopoulos N. Diversity in NAFLD: A Review of Manifestations of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Different Ethnicities Globally. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2021; 9:71-80. [PMID: 33604257 PMCID: PMC7868692 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2020.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, the rise in prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome as a whole has been linked to increased access to processed foods, such as refined sugars and saturated fats. Consequently, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is on the rise in both developed and developing nations. However, much is still unknown on the NAFLD phenotype with regards to the effect of ethnic diversity. Despite similarities in dietary habits, it appears that certain ethnicities are more protected against NAFLD than others. However, manifestations of the same genetic polymorphisms in different groups of people increase those individuals' predisposition to NAFLD. Diets from different regions have been associated with a lower prevalence of NAFLD and have even been linked to regression of hepatic steatosis. Socioeconomic variations amongst different regions of the world also contribute to NAFLD prevalence and associated complications. Thus, a thorough understanding of ethnic variability in NAFLD is essential to tailoring treatment recommendations to patients of different backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nikolaos Pyrsopoulos
- Correspondence to: Nikolaos Pyrsopoulos, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, H-536, Newark, NJ 07103, USA. Tel: +1-973-972-5252, E-mail:
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Kositamongkol C, Kanchanasurakit S, Auttamalang C, Inchai N, Kabkaew T, Kitpark S, Chaiyakunapruk N, Duangjai A, Saokaew S, Phisalprapa P. Coffee Consumption and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: An Umbrella Review and a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:786596. [PMID: 34966282 PMCID: PMC8710778 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.786596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The effects of coffee consumption on hepatic outcomes are controversial. This study investigated the associations between coffee consumption and the incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the general population and the reduction of liver fibrosis among patients with NAFLD. Methods: The study consisted of two parts: an umbrella review and a systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA). The searches for each part were performed separately using PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Scopus, and CINAHL databases. All articles published up to September 2021 were reviewed. To be eligible, studies for the umbrella review were required to report outcomes that compared the risks of NAFLD in the general population and/or liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD who did and did not drink coffee. Our SRMA included primary studies reporting the effects of coffee consumption on NAFLD-related outcomes. The outcomes were pooled using a random-effects model and reported in both qualitative and quantitative terms (pooled risk ratio, odds ratio, and weighted mean difference). Results: We identified four published SRMAs during the umbrella review. Most studies showed that individuals in the general population who regularly drank coffee were significantly associated with a lower NAFLD incidence than those who did not. Our SRMA included nine studies on the effects of coffee consumption on NAFLD incidence. Pooled data from 147,875 subjects showed that coffee consumption was not associated with a lower NAFLD incidence in the general population. The between-study heterogeneity was high (I 2, 72-85%). Interestingly, among patients with NAFLD (5 studies; n = 3,752), coffee consumption was significantly associated with a reduction in liver fibrosis (odds ratio, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.80; I 2, 3%). There were no differences in the coffee consumption of the general population and of those with NAFLD (4 studies; n = 19,482) or by patients with no/mild liver fibrosis and those with significant fibrosis (4 studies; n = 3,331). Conclusions: There are contrasting results on the effects of coffee on NAFLD prevention in the general population. Benefits of coffee consumption on liver fibrosis were seen among patients with NAFLD. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021226607, identifier CRD42021226607.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayanis Kositamongkol
- Division of Ambulatory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sukrit Kanchanasurakit
- Division of Pharmaceutical Care, Department of Pharmacy, Phrae Hospital, Phrae, Thailand
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Care, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
- Unit of Excellence on Clinical Outcomes Research and IntegratioN (UNICORN), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
- Unit of Excellence on Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Chiraphong Auttamalang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Care, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Nutkamon Inchai
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Care, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Thanatchaporn Kabkaew
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Care, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Sarunporn Kitpark
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Care, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Acharaporn Duangjai
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Surasak Saokaew
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Care, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
- Unit of Excellence on Clinical Outcomes Research and IntegratioN (UNICORN), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
- Unit of Excellence on Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, Biomedicine Research Advancement Centre, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Surasak Saokaew, ; Pochamana Phisalprapa,
| | - Pochamana Phisalprapa
- Division of Ambulatory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Surasak Saokaew, ; Pochamana Phisalprapa,
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Mosalmanzadeh N, Jandari S, Soleimani D, Shadmand Foumani Moghadam MR, Khorramrouz F, Araste A, Molavi SF, fakhlaie R, Jokar M, Rezvani R. Major dietary patterns and food groups in relation to rheumatoid arthritis in newly diagnosed patients. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:6477-6486. [PMID: 33312533 PMCID: PMC7723202 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that dietary patterns might act as environmental triggers in the development of chronic disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, data regarding the relationship between food patterns and RA are still limited and conflicting. In the current study, the authors aim to evaluate a link between major dietary patterns and RA in new case patients. METHODS This study was conducted in a case-control manner on 50 patients with newly diagnosed RA and 100 healthy individuals living in Mashhad, Iran. The individuals' dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The major dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis based on data from FFQ. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were used to measure the associations between patterns and RA. RESULTS Three major dietary patterns were identified. High-level adherence to Western pattern had a positive association with RA (multivariable-adjusted OR tertile 3 vs. 1:1.95; 95% CI: 1.09-3.92; p-trend: .046), while the healthy pattern was inversely related to RA (multivariable-adjusted OR tertile 3 vs. 1:0.12; 95% CI: 0.03-0.44; p-trend: .001). No significant association was observed between the traditional pattern and RA. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed that people with dietary behaviors close to the Western dietary pattern are more likely to develop the disease. However, adhering to healthy and well-balanced dietary patterns rich in whole grains, low-fat dairies, white meats, eggs, fruits, vegetables, tea, and vegetable oils was found to be inversely correlated with the risk of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Mosalmanzadeh
- Department of Nutrition SciencesVarastegan Institute for Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Sajedeh Jandari
- Department of NutritionFaculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Davood Soleimani
- Department of Nutritional SciencesSchool of Nutrition Sciences and Food TechnologyKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | | | - Fatemeh Khorramrouz
- Department of NutritionFaculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Asie Araste
- Department of Nutrition SciencesVarastegan Institute for Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Seyed Fatemeh Molavi
- Department of Nutrition SciencesVarastegan Institute for Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Reihane fakhlaie
- Department of Nutrition SciencesVarastegan Institute for Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Mohammadhassan Jokar
- Rheumatic Diseases Research CenterSchool of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Reza Rezvani
- Department of NutritionFaculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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Soleimani D, Rezaie M, Rajabzadeh F, Gholizadeh Navashenaq J, Abbaspour M, Miryan M, Razmpour F, Ranjbar G, Rezvani R, Jarahi L, Hashemy SI, Goshayeshi L, Nematy M. Protective effects of propolis on hepatic steatosis and fibrosis among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) evaluated by real-time two-dimensional shear wave elastography: A randomized clinical trial. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1669-1679. [PMID: 33166032 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease, while no drugs have been approved for its treatment. The pieces of evidence indicate that propolis as a novel anti-inflammatory agent might be a promising candidate to treat NAFLD. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of propolis on hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 54 patients with NAFLD. Patients were randomly assigned to receive propolis tablets at a dose of 250 mg twice daily for 4 months or placebo. The improvement in hepatic steatosis and fibrosis was evaluated using two-dimensional shear wave elastography. Improvement in the hepatic steatosis was significantly higher in the propolis group than the placebo group, even after adjustment for baseline value and changes in weight, energy intake, and physical activity (odds ratio [OR]: 5.67; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.41-22.8; p = .014). A significant reduction was observed on the liver stiffness in the propolis group (-0.65 ± 0.56 kPa; p = .001), whereas it increased in the placebo group (0.27 ± 0.59 kPa; p = .037). Also, the intake of propolis significantly decreased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels compared with the placebo group (-0.371; 95%CI: -0.582 to -0.16 mg/L; p = .01). Changes in serum levels of fasting blood sugar, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, cholesterol, and triglyceride did not differ significantly between the two groups (p > .05). There was no significant improvement in insulin resistance in both groups (p > .05). Propolis seems to have protective effects on hepatic steatosis and fibrosis and to reduce the serum levels of hs-CRP in patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Soleimani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mitra Rezaie
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farnood Rajabzadeh
- Department of Radiology, Mashhad Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Mohammadreza Abbaspour
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahsa Miryan
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Golnaz Ranjbar
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Rezvani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Lida Jarahi
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ladan Goshayeshi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nematy
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Hanif H, Khan MM, Ali MJ, Shah PA, Satiya J, Lau DT, Aslam A. A New Endemic of Concomitant Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Chronic Hepatitis B. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8101526. [PMID: 33020450 PMCID: PMC7601829 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a global public problem despite the availability of an effective vaccine. In the past decades, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has surpassed HBV as the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. The prevalence of concomitant chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and NAFLD thus reaches endemic proportions in geographic regions where both conditions are common. Patients with CHB and NAFLD are at increased risk of liver disease progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Due to the complexity of the pathogenesis, accurate diagnosis of NAFLD in CHB patients can be challenging. Liver biopsy is considered the gold standard for diagnosing and determining disease severity, but it is an invasive procedure with potential complications. There is a growing body of literature on the application of novel noninvasive serum biomarkers and advanced radiological modalities to diagnose and evaluate NAFLD, but most have not been adequately validated, especially for patients with CHB. Currently, there is no approved therapy for NAFLD, although many new agents are in different phases of development. This review provides a summary of the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of the NAFLD and highlights the unmet needs in the areas of CHB and NAFLD coexistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Hanif
- Liver Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (H.H.); (M.M.K.); (M.J.A.); (P.A.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Muzammil M. Khan
- Liver Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (H.H.); (M.M.K.); (M.J.A.); (P.A.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Mukarram J. Ali
- Liver Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (H.H.); (M.M.K.); (M.J.A.); (P.A.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Pir A. Shah
- Liver Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (H.H.); (M.M.K.); (M.J.A.); (P.A.S.); (J.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jinendra Satiya
- Liver Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (H.H.); (M.M.K.); (M.J.A.); (P.A.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Daryl T.Y. Lau
- Liver Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (H.H.); (M.M.K.); (M.J.A.); (P.A.S.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: (D.T.Y.L.); (A.A.)
| | - Aysha Aslam
- Department of Medicine, Louis A Weiss Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL 60640, USA
- Correspondence: (D.T.Y.L.); (A.A.)
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Abstract
To investigate the effects of probiotics on liver function, glucose and lipids metabolism, and hepatic fatty deposition in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Totally 140 NAFLD cases diagnosed in our hospital from March 2017 to March 2019 were randomly divided into the observation group and control group, 70 cases in each. The control group received the diet and exercise therapy, while the observation group received oral probiotics based on the control group, and the intervention in 2 groups lasted for 3 months. The indexes of liver function, glucose and lipids metabolism, NAFLD activity score (NAS), and conditions of fecal flora in 2 groups were compared before and after the treatment.Before the treatment, there were no significant differences on alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glutamine transferase (GGT), total bilirubin (TBIL), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), NAFLD activity score (NAS), and conditions of fecal flora in 2 groups (P > .05). After the treatment, ALT, AST, GGT, TC, TG, HOMA-IR, NAS, and conditions of fecal flora in the observation group were better than those in the control group, and the observation group was better after treatment than before. All these above differences were statistically significant (P < .05).Probiotics can improve some liver functions, glucose and lipids metabolism, hepatic fatty deposition in patients with NAFLD, which will enhance the therapeutic effects of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui Su
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Park SY, Noureddin M, Boushey C, Wilkens LR, Setiawan VW. Diet Quality Association with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Cirrhosis Status: The Multiethnic Cohort. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa024. [PMID: 32190810 PMCID: PMC7066377 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological data on the role of overall dietary patterns in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are limited, especially from population-based prospective studies. OBJECTIVES We investigated the associations between dietary patterns assessed by predefined diet quality indexes (DQIs) and NAFLD risk by cirrhosis status in African Americans, Japanese Americans, Latinos, Native Hawaiians, and whites from the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC). METHODS A nested case-control analysis was conducted within the MEC. NAFLD cases were identified by linkage to 1999-2016 Medicare claims. Four DQIs-Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015, Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010, alternate Mediterranean diet score, and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score-were calculated from a validated FFQ administered at baseline. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the ORs and 95% CIs with adjustment for multiple covariates. RESULTS Analyses included 2959 NAFLD cases (509 with cirrhosis; 2450 without cirrhosis) and 29,292 matched controls. Higher scores for HEI-2015 (i.e., highest compared with lowest quintile OR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.73, 0.94; P for trend = 0.002) and DASH (OR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.89; P for trend < 0.001), reflecting favorable adherence to a healthful diet, were inversely associated with NAFLD risk. Whereas there were no differences by sex or race/ethnicity, the inverse association was stronger for NAFLD with cirrhosis than for NAFLD without cirrhosis (P for heterogeneity = 0.03 for HEI-2015 and 0.05 for DASH). CONCLUSIONS Higher HEI-2015 and DASH scores were inversely associated with NAFLD risk in this ethnically diverse population. The findings suggest that having better diet quality may reduce NAFLD risk with more benefit to NAFLD with cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yi Park
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Mazen Noureddin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, and Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carol Boushey
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Veronica W Setiawan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Sociodemographic and Regional Determinants of Dietary Patterns in Russia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17010328. [PMID: 31947733 PMCID: PMC6981481 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An empirical assessment of diets using a posteriori analysis allows us to define actual dietary patterns (DPs) in the food consumption structure of a population. This study represents an a posteriori assessment of DPs for the Russian population in general as well as their dependence on socio-demographic and regional parameters. The data were obtained from 21,923 individuals aged 25-64 years old from a Russian multicenter study of "Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases in the Regions of the Russian Federation" conducted in 2013-2014. Cross-sectional study subjects were interviewed face-to-face in order to obtain data on their diet. DPs were defined using principal component analysis. Four DPs were specified as "Rational", "Salt", "Meat", and "Mixed"; all these variants together accounted for 55.9% of variance. Diets in gender and age groups corresponded to those for an all-Russian population; in several regions, the defined diets differed from the all-Russian ones. More favorable diet trends were observed among women, people with no family, people not working, and urban dwellers, and diet trends were more favorable with an increase in age, level of education, and material wealth. Thus, a posteriori DPs were defined for the Russian population, which were stable in sex/age groups and were mediated by the socio-demographic characteristics of the population.
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Moludi J, Moradinazar M, Hamzeh B, Najafi F, Soleimani D, Pasdar Y. Depression Relationship with Dietary Patterns and Dietary Inflammatory Index in Women: Result from Ravansar Cohort Study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:1595-1603. [PMID: 32636629 PMCID: PMC7334035 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s255912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chronic inflammation is thought to have a major role in the pathophysiology of depression. Diet has been shown to modulate the inflammatory state, thus emphasizing its potential as a therapeutic role in depression. But, little is known about the relationship between dietary intake and depression. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between major dietary patterns, a dietary inflammatory index (DII) score, and depression among women. METHODS AND MATERIALS This cross-sectional study included 4630 women aged 35-65 years using baseline data from the Ravansar Non-Communicable Diseases (RaNCD) cohort study in Western Iran. Diet was evaluated using a validated 125-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to determine DII scores and dietary patterns. Traditional, healthy, and unhealthy dietary patterns were extracted using factor analyses. RESULTS A significant upward trend in the odds of depression was observed across the tertiles s of DII scores (P-trend: 0.019). After the adjustment for possible risk factors, a high adherence to an unhealthy dietary pattern was associated with a higher risk of depression than a low adherence (OR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.1-2.4). A high adherence to a healthy dietary pattern was associated with the lower odds (OR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.04-0.92). Among the main food groups, a high intake of eggs and refined grains was associated with a higher risk of depression. CONCLUSION In women, a refined grain dietary pattern is a risk factor for depression, whereas a healthy dietary pattern is protective. We have also shown that adherence to a pro-inflammatory diet was significantly associated with depression. Adherence to a dietary pattern with high intakes of dairy products, seafood, red meats, nuts, vegetables, fruits, flavor, and vegetable oils and diets with low inflammatory properties were associated with a lower risk of depression in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Moludi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mehdi Moradinazar
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Behrooz Hamzeh
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farid Najafi
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Davood Soleimani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Yahya Pasdar
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Soleimani D, Paknahad Z, Rouhani MH. Therapeutic Effects of Garlic on Hepatic Steatosis in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:2389-2397. [PMID: 32753923 PMCID: PMC7354004 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s254555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Emerging evidence suggests that garlic (Allium sativum L.) and its bioactive components can mitigate hepatic steatosis by the modulation of hepatic lipid metabolism. We aimed to assess the efficacy of the garlic administration on hepatic steatosis in patients with NAFLD. PATIENTS AND METHODS This clinical trial was conducted on adult patients with ultrasound-diagnosed NAFLD. Eligible participants were randomly assigned, with the use of the stratified blocked procedure, to receive 800 mg garlic or placebo for 15 weeks. The primary outcome was the improvement in the hepatic steatosis diagnosed by ultrasound technique after 15 weeks of intervention. RESULTS A total of 110 patients underwent randomization, and 98 patients completed the trial. Twenty-four (51.1%) patients in the garlic group achieved improvement in the hepatic steatosis compared to eight (15.7%) patients in the placebo group with the relative risk of 5.6 (95% CI: 2.17 to 14.5; P=0.001), which remained significant after adjusting for baseline value of hepatic steatosis. There were significant reductions in weight and serum ALT, AST, FBS, Hb A1C, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and TG concentration with the garlic intake compared to placebo (P<0.05). The results were also significant after adjusting for weight change, energy intake, and physical activity. No serious adverse effects were observed with the garlic intake. CONCLUSION The intake of garlic powder was accompanied by a significant improvement in the hepatic steatosis and comorbidity related to this condition among subjects with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Soleimani
- Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zamzam Paknahad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Correspondence: Zamzam Paknahad Tel +98 3137923166Fax +98 3136681378 Email
| | - Mohammad Hossein Rouhani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Recaredo G, Marin-Alejandre BA, Cantero I, Monreal JI, Herrero JI, Benito-Boillos A, Elorz M, Tur JA, Martínez JA, Zulet MA, Abete I. Association between Different Animal Protein Sources and Liver Status in Obese Subjects with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Fatty Liver in Obesity (FLiO) Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102359. [PMID: 31623368 PMCID: PMC6836147 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Obesity and unhealthy dietary habits are described as risk factors for NAFLD. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the consumption of different animal protein sources and hepatic status in NAFLD adults. A total of 112 overweight/obese participants with NAFLD from Fatty Liver in Obesity (FLiO) study were evaluated at baseline. Diet, body composition, and biochemical variables were evaluated. Hepatic status was also assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging, ultrasonography, and elastography. Red meat consumption showed a positive relationship with liver iron content (r = 0.224; p = 0.021) and ferritin concentration (r = 0.196; p = 0.037). Processed meat consumption exhibited a positive association with liver iron content (r = 0.308; p = 0.001), which was also found in the quantile regression (β = 0.079; p = 0.028). Fish consumption was related with lower concentration of ferritin (r = -0.200; p = 0.034). This association was further evidenced in the regression model (β = -0.720; p = 0.033). These findings suggest that the consumption of different animal protein sources differentially impact on liver status in obese subjects with NAFLD, showing fish consumption as a healthier alternative for towards NAFLD features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Recaredo
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology and Centre for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Bertha Araceli Marin-Alejandre
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology and Centre for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Irene Cantero
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology and Centre for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - J Ignacio Monreal
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Clinical Chemistry Department, University Clinic of Navarra, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - José Ignacio Herrero
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Liver Unit, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alberto Benito-Boillos
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Radiology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Mariana Elorz
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Radiology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Josep A Tur
- Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain.
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology and Centre for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Angeles Zulet
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology and Centre for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Itziar Abete
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology and Centre for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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