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Panchbhai AS, Khatib MN, Borle RM, Deolia SS, Babar VM, Vasistha AH, Parida RP. Efficacy and Safety of Probiotics for Dental Caries in Preschool Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Contemp Clin Dent 2024; 15:10-16. [PMID: 38707673 PMCID: PMC11068249 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_40_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Early childhood caries is one of the most serious and high-priced oral health conditions among young children. With advancing dental sciences, the focus of dental caries treatment is shifted from restorative procedures to preventive measures, and a modality grabbing attention is probiotics. Probiotics exert their effects in many ways as chemical inhibition of pathogenic bacteria and stimulation of the immune response through the production of immunoglobulin A and many more. Objective This systematic review aims to explore the efficacy and safety of probiotics in dental caries in preschool children. Methodology The study was registered in the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (registration number: CRD42020159058). The search was done for randomized control trials in electronic databases such as Cochrane, PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, Medline, and Embase. It has further included manual searches of journals, conference abstracts, and books. Three reviewers done the selection of the study as per the criteria and also did the risk of bias assessment independently and wherever required, a fourth reviewer resolved the discrepancy in case of disagreement. Results The nine randomized control trials were included in the study, and the pooled analysis revealed probiotics as an effective intervention in preschool children with dental caries. Conclusion The results about the efficacy of probiotics in the prevention of dental caries are very encouraging, though the level of evidence is still inadequate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarati S. Panchbhai
- Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, DMIHER (DU), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib
- Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, DMIHER (DU), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajiv M. Borle
- Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, DMIHER (DU), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shravani S. Deolia
- Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, DMIHER (DU), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vijay M. Babar
- Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, DMIHER (DU), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anjali H. Vasistha
- Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, DMIHER (DU), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ritika P. Parida
- Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, DMIHER (DU), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
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Can probiotic gargles reduce post-tonsillectomy morbidity in adult patients? A pilot, triple-blind, randomised, controlled trial and feasibility study. J Laryngol Otol 2023; 137:323-341. [PMID: 35317870 PMCID: PMC9975764 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215122000743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the efficacy of probiotic gargles compared with placebo gargles on reducing post-tonsillectomy morbidity in adults. METHOD This was a triple-blind, randomised, controlled trial and feasibility study. Thirty adults underwent elective tonsillectomy and were randomly assigned to receive either probiotic or placebo gargles for 14 days after surgery. Daily pain scores and requirement of analgesia were measured for 14 days post-operatively. Secondary outcomes assessed probiotic safety and tolerability and the feasibility of the trial. RESULTS The probiotic group experienced less pain at rest on day 2. However, the amount of oxycodone (5 mg) tablets used was greater in the probiotic group compared with placebo. There were no statistically significant differences in the frequency of adverse effects between both groups. This trial was feasible. CONCLUSION This pilot study suggested that probiotic gargles do not reduce post-tonsillectomy pain or bleeding, highlighting the importance of pilot and feasibility studies in clinical research.
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La Torre F, Sota J, Insalaco A, Conti G, Del Giudice E, Lubrano R, Breda L, Maggio MC, Civino A, Mastrorilli V, Loconte R, Natale MF, Celani C, Romeo M, Patroniti S, Gentile C, Vitale A, Caggiano V, Gaggiano C, Diomeda F, Cattalini M, Lopalco G, Emmi G, Parronchi P, Gentileschi S, Cardinale F, Aragona E, Shahram F, Marino A, Barone P, Moscheo C, Ozkiziltas B, Carubbi F, Alahmed O, Iezzi L, Ogunjimi B, Mauro A, Tarsia M, Mahmoud AAMA, Giardini HAM, Sfikakis PP, Laskari K, Więsik-Szewczyk E, Hernández-Rodríguez J, Frediani B, Gómez-Caverzaschi V, Tufan A, Almaghlouth IA, Balistreri A, Ragab G, Fabiani C, Cantarini L, Rigante D. Preliminary data revealing efficacy of Streptococcus salivarius K12 (SSK12) in Periodic Fever, Aphthous stomatitis, Pharyngitis, and cervical Adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome: A multicenter study from the AIDA Network PFAPA syndrome registry. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1105605. [PMID: 36873863 PMCID: PMC9977796 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1105605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the potential role of Streptococcus salivarius K12 (SSK12) in controlling febrile flares in patients with Periodic Fever, Aphthous stomatitis, Pharyngitis, and cervical Adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome. Further aims were to assess the impact of SSK12 on (i) flare duration, (ii) variation in the degree of the highest body temperature during flares, (iii) steroid-sparing effect, and (iv) change of PFAPA accompanying symptoms before and after SSK12 introduction. Patients and methods The medical charts from 85 pediatric patients with PFAPA syndrome (49 males and 36 females) enrolled in the AIDA registry and treated with SSK12 for a median period of 6.00 ± 7.00 months in the period between September 2017 and May 2022 were examined. Children recruited had a median time of disease duration of 19.00 ± 28.00 months. Results The number of febrile flares significantly decreased comparing the 12 months before [median (IQR), 13.00 (6.00)] and after SSK12 initiation [median (IQR), 5.50 (8.00), p < 0.001]. The duration of fever was significantly reduced from 4.00 (2.00) days to 2.00 (2.00) days [p < 0.001]. Similarly, the highest temperature in°C was found significantly lower in the last follow-up assessment [median (IQR), 39.00 (1.00)] compared to the period prior to SSK12 start [median (IQR), 40.00 (1.00), p < 0.001]. Steroid load (mg/year) of betamethasone (or any equivalent steroid) significantly decreased between 12 months before treatment with SSK12 [median (IQR), 5.00 (8.00) mg/year] and the last follow-up visit [median (IQR), 2.00 (4.00) mg/year, p < 0.001]. The number of patients experiencing symptoms including pharyngitis/tonsillitis (p < 0.001), oral aphthae (p < 0.001) and cervical lymphadenopathy (p < 0.001) significantly decreased following SSK12. Conclusion SSK12 prophylaxis given for at least 6.00 months was found to reduce febrile flares of PFAPA syndrome: in particular, it halved the total number per year of fever flares, shortened the duration of the single febrile episode, lowered body temperature by 1°C in the febrile flare, provided a steroid-sparing effect, and significantly reduced the accompanying symptoms related to the syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco La Torre
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology Center, Giovanni XXIII Pediatric Hospital, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Jurgen Sota
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's Disease Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Antonella Insalaco
- Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS (European Reference Network for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases Center), Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Conti
- Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria G. Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Del Giudice
- Pediatric and Neonatology Unit, Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy
| | - Riccardo Lubrano
- Pediatric and Neonatology Unit, Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy
| | - Luciana Breda
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, S.S. Annunziata Hospital, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Maggio
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE) "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Adele Civino
- Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology Unit, Vito Fazzi Hospital, Lecce, Italy
| | - Violetta Mastrorilli
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology Center, Giovanni XXIII Pediatric Hospital, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Loconte
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology Center, Giovanni XXIII Pediatric Hospital, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Francesco Natale
- Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS (European Reference Network for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases Center), Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Celani
- Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS (European Reference Network for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases Center), Rome, Italy
| | - Mery Romeo
- Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria G. Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - Serena Patroniti
- Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria G. Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - Cristina Gentile
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, S.S. Annunziata Hospital, Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonio Vitale
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's Disease Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Valeria Caggiano
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's Disease Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Carla Gaggiano
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's Disease Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Federico Diomeda
- Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology Unit, Vito Fazzi Hospital, Lecce, Italy
| | - Marco Cattalini
- Pediatric Clinic, University of Brescia and Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lopalco
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giacomo Emmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Paola Parronchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Gentileschi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's Disease Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Fabio Cardinale
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology Center, Giovanni XXIII Pediatric Hospital, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Emma Aragona
- Division of Gastroenterology, Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Vincenzo Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Farhad Shahram
- Behcet's Disease Unit, Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Achille Marino
- Unit of Pediatric Rheumatology, ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Barone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Carla Moscheo
- Pediatric Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico "Rodolico-San Marco", Catania, Italy
| | - Burcugul Ozkiziltas
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Francesco Carubbi
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences and Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of L'Aquila and ASL Avezzano-Sulmona-L'Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Ohoud Alahmed
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ludovica Iezzi
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Benson Ogunjimi
- Department of Pediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.,Center for Health Economics Research and Modelling Infectious Diseases (CHERMID), Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Angela Mauro
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Department of Childhood and Developmental Medicine, Fatebenefratelli-Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Tarsia
- Clinical Pediatrics, Department of Molecular Medicine and Development, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ayman Abdel-Monem Ahmed Mahmoud
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Petros P Sfikakis
- Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina Laskari
- Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ewa Więsik-Szewczyk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of National Defence, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - José Hernández-Rodríguez
- Vasculitis Research Unit, Autoinflammatory Diseases Clinical Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bruno Frediani
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's Disease Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Verónica Gómez-Caverzaschi
- Vasculitis Research Unit, Autoinflammatory Diseases Clinical Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Abdurrahman Tufan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim A Almaghlouth
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alberto Balistreri
- Bioengineering and Biomedical Data Science Lab, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Gaafar Ragab
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.,Faculty of Medicine, Newgiza University, 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Claudia Fabiani
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Luca Cantarini
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's Disease Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Donato Rigante
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Rare Diseases and Periodic Fevers Research Centre, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Bertuccioli A, Gervasi M, Annibalini G, Binato B, Perroni F, Rocchi MBL, Sisti D, Amatori S. Use of Streptococcus salivarius K12 in supporting the mucosal immune function of active young subjects: A randomised double-blind study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1129060. [PMID: 36936914 PMCID: PMC10019894 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1129060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) are the most common illnesses affecting athletes, causing absences from training and competition. Salivary immunoglobulin A (sIgA) is the main immune factor in saliva, and a consistent association between low concentrations of sIgA and an increased incidence of URTIs has been reported. The oral probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12 has been suggested to have the potential to improve oral diseases and mucosal barrier function. However, the effects of this probiotic on active young subjects performing a high-intensity training (HIT) program have not been investigated. Methods Active young students were randomised into a treated group (S. salivarius K12) and a control (placebo) group and asked to take the product daily for 30 days. After this period, participants performed a graded exercise test and five HIT sessions, all within 3 days. They were also asked to complete the Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey daily to monitor URTI's presence. Before and after the 30 days, and at 0h, 24h and 72h after the last training session, saliva samples were collected to quantify sIgA level, secretion rate, and flow. The effect of S. salivarius K12 intake on these parameters was tested using an ANOVA for repeated measures. Results Twenty (M = 14, F = 6) young subjects (23.5 ± 2.3 years old) participated in the study. The total accumulated training load (sRPE) in the supplementation period was similar in the two groups (treated: 4345 ± 3441 AU; control: 4969 ± 4165 AU; p > 0.05). Considering both sIgA level and secretion rate, significant time (F(4,15) = 3.38; p = 0.037; F(4,15) = 6.00; p = 0.004) and time×group interactions (F(4,15) = 2.49; p = 0.049; F(4,15) = 5.01; p = 0.009) were reported, with the treated group showing higher sIgA levels at 72h post-exercise and increased secretion rate both at 0h and 72h. The number of URTI episodes was similar in the treated and control groups (χ² = 1.83; p > 0.05). Conclusion This study demonstrates that relatively short-term S. salivarius K12 supplementation increased sIgA level and secretion in healthy subjects performing a demanding exercise-training programme composed of HIT sessions.
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Suryaletha K, Savithri AV, Nayar SA, Asokan S, Rajeswary D, Thomas S. Demystifying Bacteriocins of Human Microbiota by Genome Guided Prospects: An Impetus to Rekindle the Antimicrobial Research. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2022; 23:811-822. [PMID: 36278460 DOI: 10.2174/1389203724666221019111515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The human microbiome is a reservoir of potential bacteriocins that can counteract multidrug resistant bacterial pathogens. Unlike antibiotics, bacteriocins selectively inhibit a spectrum of competent bacteria and are said to safeguard gut commensals, reducing the chance of dysbiosis. Bacteriocinogenic probiotics or bacteriocins of human origin will be more pertinent in human physiological conditions for therapeutic applications to act against invading pathogens. Recent advancement in the omics approach enables the mining of diverse and novel bacteriocins by identifying biosynthetic gene clusters from the human microbial genome, pangenome or shotgun metagenome, which is a breakthrough in the discovery line of novel bacteriocins. This review summarizes the most recent trends and therapeutic potential of bacteriocins of human microbial origin, the advancement in the in silico algorithms and databases in the discovery of novel bacteriocin, and how to bridge the gap between the discovery of bacteriocin genes from big datasets and their in vitro production. Besides, the later part of the review discussed the various impediments in their clinical applications and possible solution to bring them into the frontline therapeutics to control infections, thereby meeting the challenges of global antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthika Suryaletha
- Cholera & Biofilm Research Laboratory, Pathogen Biology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Akhila Velappan Savithri
- Cholera & Biofilm Research Laboratory, Pathogen Biology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Seema A Nayar
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Sijo Asokan
- Cholera & Biofilm Research Laboratory, Pathogen Biology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Divya Rajeswary
- Cholera & Biofilm Research Laboratory, Pathogen Biology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Sabu Thomas
- Cholera & Biofilm Research Laboratory, Pathogen Biology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Zangrilli A, Diluvio L, Di Stadio A, Di Girolamo S. Improvement of Psoriasis Using Oral Probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K-12: a Case-Control 24-Month Longitudinal Study. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022; 14:573-578. [PMID: 35419648 PMCID: PMC9076720 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09937-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common chronic skin disease, associated with an important physical and physiological involvement for any age. There is a strong link between psoriasis and streptococcal infection, particularly that of the tonsils. There are many therapies to treat psoriasis including topical, systemic, and biologic agents but these treatments are not free from side effects. Streptococcus salivarius K-12 is an oral probiotic product useful for the prophylaxis and treatment of tonsillar infections in children and adults, now tested here for the first time for control of psoriasis. Our retrospective analysis was conducted on 198 patients affected by mild to moderate psoriasis: 100 patients were first treated for 90 days with Streptococcus salivarius K-12, while 98 did not receive any probiotics and were the control group. The patients treated with S. salivarius K-12 exhibited a significant improvement of their psoriasis from the baseline condition: 83.7% patients treated achieved a 100% improvement of the PASI score at 24 weeks and efficacy continued to improve with longer treatment, maintaining same result also during follow-up observation. In all patients, the treatment was well tolerated, and no adverse events have been observed. Our data show that oral preparations containing Streptococcus salivarius may provide a beneficial option for the prevention and cure of pediatric and adult psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Zangrilli
- Dermatology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford, 8100133, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Diluvio
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford, 8100133, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Di Girolamo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford, 8100133, Rome, Italy
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Hale JDF, Jain R, Wescombe PA, Burton JP, Simon RR, Tagg JR. Safety assessment of Streptococcus salivarius M18 a probiotic for oral health. Benef Microbes 2022; 13:47-60. [PMID: 35098909 DOI: 10.3920/bm2021.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of probiotics targeting non-intestinal body sites continues to generate interest amongst researchers, biotech companies and consumers alike. A key consideration for any bacterial strain to be developed into a probiotic is a robust assessment of its safety profile. Streptococcus salivarius strain M18 was originally isolated from a healthy adult and evaluated for its probiotic capabilities targeted to dental and oral health applications. This publication presents the safety characterisation of strain M18. Application of a diverse range of techniques showed that strain M18 can be specifically distinguished from other S. salivarius using a variety of molecular and phenotypic methodologies and that it lacks any relevant antibiotic resistance or virulence determinants. Direct comparison of the strain M18 safety profile with that of the prototype S. salivarius probiotic, S. salivarius strain K12, supports the proposition that strain M18 is indeed safe for probiotic application in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D F Hale
- Blis Technologies Ltd, 81 Glasgow Street, South Dunedin, Dunedin 9012, New Zealand
| | - R Jain
- Blis Technologies Ltd, 81 Glasgow Street, South Dunedin, Dunedin 9012, New Zealand
| | - P A Wescombe
- Yili Innovation Center Oceania, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J P Burton
- Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor St, London, ON, Canada
| | - R R Simon
- Intertek Health Sciences Inc, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - J R Tagg
- Blis Technologies Ltd, 81 Glasgow Street, South Dunedin, Dunedin 9012, New Zealand
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Savlevich EL, Doroshchenko NE, Zharkikh MA, Markus PV, Gerasimov AN. [Correction of halitosis in chronic inflammatory diseases of the oropharynx in adults]. Vestn Otorinolaringol 2021; 86:41-46. [PMID: 34964328 DOI: 10.17116/otorino20218606141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 25% of the world population suffer from halitosis, making it a significant medico-social issue. It is one of the clinical signs of chronic inflammatory diseases of the oropharynx and is commonly caused by the persistence some bacteria in the oral cavity and in the oropharynx. These in turn facilitate formation of volatile sulphur compounds. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the probiotic strain Streptococcus salivarius K12 in the Bactoblis product in exacerbation of chronic inflammatory diseases of the oropharynx. MATERIAL AND METHODS 45 patients diagnosed with a diagnosis of exacerbation of chronic pharyngitis were studied, gastroesophageal reflux disease was found in 33 patients. After a microbiological testing, all patients were prescribed probiotic strain Streptococcus salivarius K12 in the amount of 1×109 colony-forming units (CFU) in the form of tablets for resorption as monotherapy for 14 days. The assessment of the therapy was based on physical examination data and on the subjective estimation of the clinical symptoms using a 10-point visual analog scale (VAS) before the start of the treatment and on the 5th and on the 7th day of the therapy. RESULTS According to the microbiological analysis was revealed the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus viridans which was seen within 103-105 CFU. A significant clinical progress was achieved for all three analyzed signs of diseases (the severity of pain when swallowing, a feeling of perspiration (foreign body) in the pharynx, halitosis), within the statistical significance between the 1st and the 7th day and the 7th and the 14th day of the surveillance. The pain severity was decreased from 5.69±0.39 points to 2.69±0.34 points on the 7th day and to 0.08±0.05 point on the 14th day from the start of the therapy, itchy throat (foreign body sensation) was relived from 6.88±0.23 points to 3.54±0.29 points on the 7th day and to 0.69±0.12 point on the 14th day of the therapy. In addition, there was a decline in the severity of halitosis from 6.16±0.31 points to 2.47±0.44 points on the 7th day and to 0.68±0.29 point on the 14th day of the therapy. CONCLUSION Topical application of a drug containing a probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12, in case of chronic inflammatory diseases of the oropharynx of various etiologies, showed satisfactory effectiveness in the regression of the main symptoms of the exacerbation of the inflammatory process, expressed through pain in the throat when swallowing, halitosis and the foreign body sensation in the oropharynx.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Savlevich
- Central State Medical Academy of Department for Presidential Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - N E Doroshchenko
- United Hospital and Polyclinic of Department for Presidential Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - M A Zharkikh
- Ninth Diagnostic and Treatment Centre of Ministry of Defence of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - P V Markus
- Polyclinic No. 3 of Department for Presidential Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - A N Gerasimov
- First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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How YH, Yeo SK. Oral probiotic and its delivery carriers to improve oral health: A review. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2021; 167. [PMID: 34351255 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, oral probiotics have been researched on their effectiveness in reducing and preventing oral diseases. Oral probiotics could be introduced into the oral cavity to keep the equilibrium of the microbiome. Hence, the delivery carrier for oral probiotics plays an important factor to ensure a high number of oral probiotics were delivered and released into the oral cavity. This review presents a brief overview of oral microbiota and the role of oral probiotics in reducing oral diseases. Moreover, important aspects of the oral probiotic product such as viability, adherence ability, health effects, safety, and delivery site were discussed. Besides that, the importance of utilizing indigenous oral probiotics was also emphasized. Oral probiotics are commonly found in the market in the form of chewing tablets, lozenges, and capsules. Hence, the oral probiotic carriers currently used in the market and research were reviewed. Furthermore, this review introduces new potential oral probiotic delivery carriers such as oral strip, bucco-adhesive gel, and mouthwash. Their effectiveness in delivering oral probiotics for oral health was also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan How
- UCSI University, Department of Food Science with Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, 1, UCSI Heights, Jalan Puncak Menara Gading, Taman Connaught, 56000 Cheras, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siok-Koon Yeo
- Taylor's University, School of Biosciences, 1, Jalan Taylor's, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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10
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Flynn J, Ryan A, Hudson SP. Pre-formulation and delivery strategies for the development of bacteriocins as next generation antibiotics. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 165:149-163. [PMID: 34020021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriocins, a class of antimicrobial peptide produced by bacteria, may offer a potential alternative to traditional antibiotics, an important step towards mitigating the ever-increasing antimicrobial resistance crisis. They are active against a range of clinically relevant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Bacteriocins have been discussed in the literature for over a century. Although they are used as preservatives in food, no medicine based on their antimicrobial activity exists on the market today. In order to formulate them into clinical antibiotics, pre-formulation studies on their biophysical and physicochemical properties that will influence their activity in vivo and their stability during manufacture must be elucidated. Thermal, pH and enzymatic stability of bacteriocins are commonly studied and regularly reported in the literature. Solubility, permeability and aggregation properties on the other hand are less frequently reported for many bacteriocins, which may contribute to their poor clinical progression. Promising cytotoxicity studies report that bacteriocins exhibit few cytotoxic effects on a variety of mammalian cell lines, at active concentrations. This review highlights the lack of quantitative data and in many cases even qualitative data, on bacteriocins' solubility, stability, aggregation, permeability and cytotoxicity. The formulation strategies that have been explored to date, proposed routes of administration, trends in in vitro/in vivo behaviour and efforts in clinical development are discussed. The future promise of bacteriocins as a new generation of antibiotics may require tailored local delivery strategies to fulfil their potential as a force to combat antimicrobial-resistant bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Flynn
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC, the SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Aoibhín Ryan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC, the SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Sarah P Hudson
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC, the SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland.
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11
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MacDonald KW, Chanyi RM, Macklaim JM, Cadieux PA, Reid G, Burton JP. Streptococcus salivarius inhibits immune activation by periodontal disease pathogens. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:245. [PMID: 33962608 PMCID: PMC8103598 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01606-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal disease represents a major health concern. The administration of beneficial microbes has been increasing in popularity over efforts to manipulate the microbes using antimicrobial agents. This study determined the ability of Streptococcus salivarius to inhibit IL-6 and IL-8 production by gingival fibroblasts when activated by periodontal pathogens and their effect on the salivary microbiome. METHODS Primary human gingival fibroblasts were challenged with Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Fusobacterium nucleatum and a combination of all three. IL-6 and IL-8 cytokine release were measured. Using this same model, S. salivarius K12, M18 and different supernatant and whole-cell lysate fractions of S. salivarius K12 were administered to pathogen-induced fibroblasts. A patient study of healthy participants was also conducted to determine the effect S. salivarius K12 had on the native microbiome using 16S next generation sequence analysis. RESULTS All pathogens tested induced a significant IL-6 and IL-8 response. S. salivarius K12 or M18, did not exhibit an increase in inflammatory cytokines. When either of the probiotic strains were co-administered with a pathogen, there were significant reductions in both IL-6 and IL-8 release. This effect was also observed when gingival fibroblasts were pre-treated with either S. salivarius K12 or M18 and then stimulated with the oral pathogens. Chewing gum containing S. salivarius K12 did not alter the salivary microbiome and did not increase inflammatory markers in the oral cavity. CONCLUSION S. salivarius K12 and M18 prevented immune activation induced by periodontal disease pathogens. S. salivarius K12 did not alter the salivary microbiome or induce immune activation when administered as a chewing gum. These results warrant further study to determine if it may be an effective treatment in a model of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle W MacDonald
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan M Chanyi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jean M Macklaim
- Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Peter A Cadieux
- Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.,School of Health Sciences, Fanshawe College, London, ON, Canada
| | - Gregor Reid
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jeremy P Burton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada. .,Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
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12
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Case-Control Microbiome Study of Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion in Children Points at Streptococcus salivarius as a Pathobiont-Inhibiting Species. mSystems 2021; 6:6/2/e00056-21. [PMID: 33879499 PMCID: PMC8546964 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00056-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) has been associated with a shift in microbiome composition and microbial interaction in the upper respiratory tract (URT). While most studies have focused on potential pathogens, this study aimed to find bacteria that could be protective against OME through a case-control microbiome study and characterization of isolates from healthy subjects. The URT and ear microbiome profiles of 70 chronic OME patients and 53 controls were compared by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Haemophilus influenzae was the most frequent classic middle ear pathobiont. However, other taxa, especially Alloiococcus otitis, were also frequently detected in the ear canal of OME patients. Streptococci of the salivarius group and Acinetobacter lwoffii were more abundant in the nasopharynx of healthy controls than in OME patients. In addition to the microbiome analysis, 142 taxa were isolated from healthy individuals, and 79 isolates of 13 different Streptococcus species were tested for their pathobiont-inhibiting potential. Of these, Streptococcus salivarius isolates showed a superior capacity to inhibit the growth of H. influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, A. otitis, and Corynebacterium otitidis. S. salivarius strains thus show potential as a probiotic for prevention or treatment of OME based on their overrepresentation in the healthy nasopharynx and their ability to inhibit the growth of respiratory pathobionts. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT03109496.) IMPORTANCE The majority of probiotics marketed today target gastrointestinal health. This study searched for bacteria native to the human upper respiratory tract, with a beneficial potential for respiratory and middle ear health. Comparison of the microbiomes of children with chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) and of healthy controls identified Streptococcus salivarius as a health-associated and prevalent inhabitant of the human nasopharynx. However, beneficial potential should be assessed at strain level. Here, we also isolated specific S. salivarius strains from the healthy individuals in our study. These isolates showed a beneficial safety profile and efficacy potential to inhibit OME pathogens in vitro. These properties will now have to be evaluated and confirmed in human clinical studies.
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Chandrasekhar SN, Mallikarjun SB, Salim HP. Comparative Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Probiotics SK12 and SM18: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021; 13:611-616. [PMID: 33976484 PMCID: PMC8060948 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To assess the antimicrobial activity of probiotics SK12 and SM18 on Streptococcus mutans and also to compare the antimicrobial activity of SK12 and SM18. Materials and methods Synthetic strains of Streptococcus mutans were used to study the antimicrobial activity of probiotics SK12 and SM18 using various tests such as disk diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). In disk diffusion, the zone of inhibition was measured to assess the antimicrobial activity. Chlorhexidine was used as a control for this test. The MIC and MBC were assessed at different dilutions of the probiotic sample (100 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL, 25 mg/mL, 12.5 mg/mL, 6.25 mg/mL, 3.12 mg/mL, 1.6 mg/mL, 0.8 mg/mL, 0.4 mg/mL, and 0.2 mg/mL). Result SM18 demonstrated 20 mm of zone of inhibition, whereas SK12 demonstrated 15 mm showing a less antibacterial activity in comparison to SM18. SM18 was found to be bactericidal and effective at a minimum concentration of 0.8 mg/mL, whereas SK12 was bactericidal and effective at a minimum concentration of 1.6 mg/mL. Conclusion Probiotics demonstrate antibacterial activity against cariogenic microflora. SM is 18 having a better antibacterial activity at lower concentrations than SK12 in reducing cariogenic microorganisms. Clinical significance: BLIS K12 and M18 both demonstrated an antibacterial effect on Streptococcus mutans, wherein the use of probiotic in caries prevention is found to be limited. Hence, it is suggestive to reap the bacterial effects of BLIS K12 and M18 in caries prevention. How to cite this article Chandrasekhar SN, Mallikarjun SB, Salim HP. Comparative Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Probiotics SK12 and SM18: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(6):611–616.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srihari Nirguna Chandrasekhar
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences, Virajpet, Karnataka, India
- Srihari Nirguna Chandrasekhar, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences, Virajpet, Karnataka, India, Phone: +919480174728, e-mail:
| | - Shanthala B Mallikarjun
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences, Virajpet, Karnataka, India
| | - Henna P Salim
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences, Virajpet, Karnataka, India
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Chen TY, Hendrickx A, Stevenson DS, Bird P, Walls T. No evidence from a systematic review for the use of probiotics to prevent otitis media. Acta Paediatr 2020; 109:2515-2524. [PMID: 32421888 DOI: 10.1111/apa.15368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM This systematic review evaluates the current evidence for the use of probiotics in the prevention of acute otitis media (AOM) in children. METHODS This study is registered with PROSPERO prior to commencement. PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane database were searched using relating keywords. All literature was screened to determine relatability to the topic. Review articles were also screened for additional literature. RESULTS Thirteen studies were found on probiotics and their role in preventing AOM in children. They ranged in quality from poor to moderate. Half (2/4) of the studies that used nasal probiotic formulations showed a significant difference in reducing otitis media, while only a third (3/9) of the studies using oral formulations suggest benefit in reducing AOM. None of the studies demonstrated significant adverse effects from probiotics. CONCLUSION The evidence for any effect of probiotics on the prevention of AOM is limited, and the overall low quality of studies makes it difficult to draw definitive conclusions. No serious adverse events were noted, and there is some evidence to suggest possible benefit with nasal probiotic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu Yu Chen
- Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Christchurch Hospital Christchurch New Zealand
| | | | - Duncan Scott Stevenson
- Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Christchurch Hospital Christchurch New Zealand
- Department of Surgery University of Otago Christchurch Campus Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Philip Bird
- Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Christchurch Hospital Christchurch New Zealand
- Department of Surgery University of Otago Christchurch Campus Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Tony Walls
- Department of Paediatrics University of Otago Christchurch Campus Christchurch New Zealand
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15
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Li X, Yang B, Sun Y, Li S, Liu D, Zou Y, Xiao C. Screening of antagonistic strains of respiratory origin and analysis of their bacteriostatic effects on pathogens. Microbiologyopen 2019; 8:e940. [PMID: 31588663 PMCID: PMC6925161 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To find antagonistic strains in the respiratory tract having bacteriostatic properties against common pathogens. Methods The oropharyngeal microbiota of five healthy children aged 4–6 years were collected and α‐hemolytic bacteria screened on 15% sheep blood agar. Bacteriostatic effects of the isolated α‐hemolytic bacteria on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus pyogenes were evaluated by the Oxford cup method. Antagonistic strains were identified by mass spectrometry, and the16S rDNAs were sequenced, and their best bacteriostatic concentrations and antagonistic spectra for Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Enterobacter cloacae, Acinetobacter Baumanii, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus pyogenes were evaluated. Results Of 300 isolated α‐hemolytic bacterial clones, four exhibited bacteriostatic activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus pyogenes. Mass spectrometric analyses revealed that two of them were Streptococcus mitis and two others were Streptococcus parasanguinis strains. Further tests showed that all 4 antagonistic strains also had bacteriostatic effects on Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Enterobacter cloacae, and Acinetobacter Baumanii, and the mode of action was not mediated by lactic acid production. Conclusion Four antagonistic Streptococcus strains derived from oropharyngeal microbiotas showed bacteriostatic effects on pathogens and may be involved in pharyngeal microbiome homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Li
- Key Lab of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Biao Yang
- Key Lab of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Ye Sun
- Key Lab of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuyin Li
- Key Lab of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Defeng Liu
- Key Lab of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Zou
- Key Lab of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunling Xiao
- Key Lab of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
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16
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Hu L, Mao Q, Zhou P, Lv X, Hua H, Yan Z. Effects of Streptococcus salivarius K12 with nystatin on oral candidiasis-RCT. Oral Dis 2019; 25:1573-1580. [PMID: 31177581 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Streptococcus salivarius K12 as an adjuvant in treating oral candidiasis. METHODS A total of 56 patients were participated in the randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The S. salivarius K12 or placebo lozenges plus nystatin tablets were given for up to 4 weeks at 1-week interval and then followed up for 1 week thereafter. We collected and analyzed the mycological and clinical data, treatment course, and safety data. RESULTS At the end of the treatment, significant differences were found in the mycological cure rates between K12 group and control group (90.48% and 55.56%, respectively, p = 0.008). Survival analysis demonstrated no statistical difference in overall cure rates comprehensively considering mycological cure, clinical improvement, and recurrence (p = 0.078), while statistical difference was found in mycological cure (p = 0.013) between the two groups. The median treatment courses of K12 group and control group were 3 weeks and 4 weeks, respectively. No severe events were reported during the study. CONCLUSION Streptococcus salivarius K12 exhibited potential efficacy and safety as an adjuvant in treating oral candidiasis by enhancing mycological cure and shortening the treatment course of conventional antifungal therapy in this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Further large-scale clinical studies are desired to accumulate more evidence for its clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Hu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua Mao
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Peiru Zhou
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Lv
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Hua
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimin Yan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Principi N, Esposito S. Experimental and investigational drugs for the treatment of acute otitis media. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2019; 28:687-694. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2019.1638364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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18
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Scott AM, Clark J, Julien B, Islam F, Roos K, Grimwood K, Little P, Del Mar CB. Probiotics for preventing acute otitis media in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 6:CD012941. [PMID: 31210358 PMCID: PMC6580359 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012941.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute otitis media (AOM), or acute middle ear infection, is one of the most frequently occurring childhood diseases, and the most common reason given for prescribing antibiotics in this age group. Guidelines often recommend antibiotics as first-line treatment for severe AOM. However, antibiotics also lead to antibiotic resistance, so preventing episodes of AOM is an urgent priority. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of probiotics to prevent the occurrence and reduce the severity of acute otitis media in children. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, PubMed, Embase, and three other databases (October 2018), two trial registers (October 2018), and conducted a backwards and forwards citation analysis (August 2018). We did not apply any language, publication date, or publication status restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of children (aged up to 18 years), comparing probiotics with placebo, usual care, or no probiotic. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed the eligibility of trials for inclusion and risk of bias of the included trials, and extracted data using pre-piloted data extraction forms. We analysed dichotomous data as either risk ratio (RR) or odds ratios (OR) and continuous data as mean differences (MD). MAIN RESULTS We included 17 RCTs involving 3488 children, of which 16 RCTs were included in the meta-analyses. Of the 16 RCTs that reported the mean age of children, mean age overall was 2.4 years; in 4 RCTs the mean age of children participating in the trial was less than 1 year old; in 2 RCTs the mean age was between 1 and 2 years old; and in 10 RCTs the mean age was older than 2 years. Probiotic strains evaluated by the trials varied, with 11 of the included RCTs evaluating Lactobacillus-containing probiotics, and six RCTs evaluating Streptococcus-containing probiotics.The proportion of children (i.e. the number of children in each group) experiencing one or more episodes of AOM during the treatment was lower for those taking probiotics (RR 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.63 to 0.93; 16 trials; 2961 participants; number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome (NNTB) = 10; moderate-certainty evidence).Post hoc subgroup analysis found that among children not prone to otitis media, a lower proportion of children receiving probiotics experienced AOM (RR 0.64, 95% CI 0.49 to 0.84; 11 trials; 2227 participants; NNTB = 9; moderate-certainty evidence). However, among children who were otitis prone, there was no difference between probiotic and comparator groups (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.11; 5 trials; 734 participants; high-certainty evidence). The test for subgroup differences was significant (P = 0.007).None of the included trials reported on the severity of AOM.The proportion of children experiencing adverse events did not differ between the probiotic and comparator groups (OR 1.54, 95% CI 0.60 to 3.94; 4 trials; 395 participants; low-certainty evidence).Probiotics decreased the proportion of children taking antibiotics for any infection (RR 0.66, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.86; 8 trials; 1768 participants; NNTB = 8; moderate-certainty evidence). Test for subgroup differences (use of antibiotic specifically for AOM, use of antibiotic for infections other than AOM) was not significant.There was no difference in the mean number of school days lost (MD -0.95, 95% CI -2.47 to 0.57; 5 trials; 1280 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). There was no difference between groups in the level of compliance in taking the intervention (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.05; 5 trials; 990 participants).Probiotics decreased the proportion of children having other infections (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.87; 11 trials; 3610 participants; NNTB = 12; moderate-certainty evidence). Test for subgroup differences (acute respiratory infections, gastrointestinal infections) was not significant.Probiotic strains trialled and their dose, frequency, and duration of administration varied considerably across studies, which likely contributed to the substantial levels of heterogeneity. Sensitivity testing of funnel plots did not reveal publication bias. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Probiotics may prevent AOM in children not prone to AOM, but the inconsistency of the subgroup analyses suggests caution in interpreting these results. Probiotics decreased the proportion of children taking antibiotics for any infection. The proportion of children experiencing adverse events did not differ between the probiotic and comparator groups. The optimal strain, duration, frequency, and timing of probiotic administration still needs to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Scott
- Bond UniversityCentre for Research in Evidence‐Based Practice (CREBP)14 University DriveGold CoastQueenslandAustralia4229
| | - Justin Clark
- Bond UniversityCentre for Research in Evidence‐Based Practice (CREBP)14 University DriveGold CoastQueenslandAustralia4229
| | - Blair Julien
- Bond University14 University DriveRobinaQueenslandAustralia4229
| | - Farhana Islam
- Bond University14 University DriveRobinaQueenslandAustralia4229
| | - Kristian Roos
- Lundby HospitalENT DepartmentWieselgrensplatesen 2AGoteborgSweden41717
| | - Keith Grimwood
- Griffith University and Departments of Infectious Diseases and Paediatrics, Gold Coast HealthSchool of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute QueenslandGold CoastQueenslandAustralia
| | - Paul Little
- Aldermoor Health Centre, University of SouthamptonPrimary Care and Population Sciences, Faculty of MedicineAldermoor CloseSouthamptonUKS016 5ST
| | - Chris B Del Mar
- Bond UniversityCentre for Research in Evidence‐Based Practice (CREBP)14 University DriveGold CoastQueenslandAustralia4229
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Marini G, Sitzia E, Panatta ML, De Vincentiis GC. Pilot study to explore the prophylactic efficacy of oral probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12 in preventing recurrent pharyngo-tonsillar episodes in pediatric patients. Int J Gen Med 2019; 12:213-217. [PMID: 31239754 PMCID: PMC6556466 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s168209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In the pediatric population, acute pharyngo-tonsillitis represents one of the most frequent causes of access to outpatient treatment and use of antibiotics. In frequent tonsillitis, the pharmacological approach is no longer effective, and, therefore, surgery becomes the treatment of choice. Methods: This study compares the prophylactic efficacy of Streptococcus salivarius K12 (Bactoblis®) in children with recurrent pharyngo-tonsillitis treated vs untreated, with a 12 -month follow-up. The primary objectives are: The incidence of recurrence of pharyngo-tonsillar episodes and the concomitant use of other drugs. Secondary objectives are: tolerability of the treatment, the effectiveness in terms of clinical improvement, days of absence from school, reduction of the use of standard therapies, and cancellation from the surgical planning list. Results: Patients belonging to group A (treated with K12 for 90 days) were 24 males and 26 females, mean age 6.6 years (SD=1.57), those belonging to group B (untreated) were 23 males and 27 females, average age 6.8 years (SD=1.72). In the follow-up, group A reported 26 inflammatory pharyngo-tonsillary episodes in the first trimester, unlike group B, who reported 72 in the second trimester. This has shown a lower incidence (3.38%) of the disease compared to group B (6.66%), for a total of 169 inflammatory pharyngo-tonsillary episodes in group A against 333 in group B. A reduction in days of school absence of 429 days in group A and 927 days in the control group (P<0.01) was also noted. Finally, 14 children of group A (28%) underwent adenotonsillectomy, against the whole group B. No adverse events were reported. Conclusion: The efficacy of K12 on the prevention of pharyngo-tonsillar infections, the decrease in the use of antibiotics and the improvement of the overall quality-of-life was confirmed, with a decreased number of absences from school and fewer patients undergoing surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Marini
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Sitzia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Panatta
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, Rome, Italy
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20
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Jia G, Zhi A, Lai PFH, Wang G, Xia Y, Xiong Z, Zhang H, Che N, Ai L. The oral microbiota - a mechanistic role for systemic diseases. Br Dent J 2019; 224:447-455. [PMID: 29569607 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2018.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human oral microbiota is the ecological community of commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms found in the oral cavity. Oral microbiota generally exists in the form of a biofilm and plays a crucial role in maintaining oral homeostasis, protecting the oral cavity and preventing disease development. Human oral microbiota has recently become a new focus research for promoting the progress of disease diagnosis, assisting disease treatment, and developing personalised medicines. In this review, the scientific evidence supporting the association that endogenous and exogenous factors (diet, smoking, drinking, socioeconomic status, antibiotics use and pregnancy) modulate oral microbiota. It provides insights into the mechanistic role in which oral microbiota may influence systemic diseases, and summarises the challenges of clinical diagnosis and treatment based on the microbial community information. It provides information for noninvasive diagnosis and helps develop a new paradigm of personalised medicine. All these benefit human health in the post-metagenomics era.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Jia
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - A Zhi
- Chemical Technology and Food Science College, Zhengzhou Institute of Engineering and Technology, Zhengzhou 450044, People's Republic of China
| | - P F H Lai
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - G Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Xia
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Xiong
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - H Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - N Che
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, PR China
| | - L Ai
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
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21
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Hols P, Ledesma-García L, Gabant P, Mignolet J. Mobilization of Microbiota Commensals and Their Bacteriocins for Therapeutics. Trends Microbiol 2019; 27:690-702. [PMID: 30987817 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
With the specter of resurgence of pathogens due to the propagation of antibiotic-resistance genes, innovative antimicrobial strategies are needed. In this review, we summarize the beneficial aspects of bacteriocins, a set of miscellaneous peptide-based bacterium killers, compared with classical antibiotics, and emphasize their use in cocktails to curb the emergence of new resistance. We highlight that their prey spectrum, their molecular malleability, and their multiple modes of production might lead to specific and personalized treatments to prevent systemic disorders. Complementarily, we discuss how we might exploit prevailing bacterial commensals, such as Streptococcus salivarius, and deliberately mobilize their bacteriocin arsenal 'on site' to cure multiresistant infections or finely reshape the endogenous microbiota for prophylaxis purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Hols
- Biochemistry and Genetics of Microorganisms (BGM), Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Laura Ledesma-García
- Biochemistry and Genetics of Microorganisms (BGM), Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Philippe Gabant
- Syngulon, rue du Bois Saint-Jean 15/1, 4102, Seraing, Belgium
| | - Johann Mignolet
- Biochemistry and Genetics of Microorganisms (BGM), Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Syngulon, rue du Bois Saint-Jean 15/1, 4102, Seraing, Belgium.
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22
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Wilcox CR, Stuart B, Leaver H, Lown M, Willcox M, Moore M, Little P. Effectiveness of the probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12 for the treatment and/or prevention of sore throat: a systematic review. Clin Microbiol Infect 2019; 25:673-680. [PMID: 30616011 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sore throat resulting from pharyngotonsillitis is one of the commonest reasons for primary care consultation and inappropriate antibiotic prescription and finding effective alternative treatments is important. OBJECTIVES To review the evidence for using the probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12 (SsK12) for the prevention or treatment of pharyngotonsillitis. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane Library. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Randomized controlled trials (RCTs). PARTICIPANTS Adults or children. INTERVENTIONS SsK12 as active treatment or prophylaxis, against pharyngotonsillitis. METHODS Literature search. RESULTS Four articles were identified (1846 participants). All were deemed to be of poor quality using the Cochrane risk-of-bias assessment. Two trials studied SsK12 prophylaxis for streptococcal pharyngitis (children without history of recurrence). One compared daily administration of SsK12 to no treatment over 6 months (n = 222, age 33-45 months), reporting significantly lower incidence in the SsK12 group (16.2% vs. 48.6%, p < 0.01), whereas another placebo-controlled RCT over four school terms (n = 1314, 5-14 years) found no significant difference (7.8% vs. 8.8%, p 0.34) with SsK12 (administered on school days). Another trial found daily SsK12 to significantly protect children (n = 250, 6-7 years) against chronic adenoiditis exacerbation over 3 months compared to no treatment (71.7% vs. 100%, p < 0.0001). The one placebo-controlled RCT in adults that studied the use of SsK12 for acute pharyngotonsillitis (concurrently with penicillin) showed no significant benefit. In all trials, SsK12 was safe and well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS SsK12 appears safe and well tolerated. However, further RCTs are required to establish its role as a prophylactic therapy, particularly among patients experiencing frequent exacerbations of pharyngitis. In the acute setting, SsK12 is unlikely to be effective if given concurrently with antibiotics; however, further RCTs should establish its role as an alternative to antibiotics in nonsevere cases or when prescribed after antibiotic therapy for the prevention of disease recurrence and/or secondary infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Wilcox
- NIHR Clinical Research Facility, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Aldermoor Health Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - B Stuart
- Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Aldermoor Health Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - H Leaver
- Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Aldermoor Health Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - M Lown
- Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Aldermoor Health Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - M Willcox
- Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Aldermoor Health Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - M Moore
- Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Aldermoor Health Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - P Little
- Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Aldermoor Health Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Diagnosis and Treatment of Otitis Media With Effusion: CODEPEH Recommendations. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otoeng.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Poorni S, Srinivasan MR, Nivedhitha MS. Probiotic Streptococcus strains in caries prevention: A systematic review. J Conserv Dent 2019; 22:123-128. [PMID: 31142979 PMCID: PMC6519182 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_505_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this article is to review the published literature with the purpose of knowing the importance of using various probiotic Streptococcus strains as a preventive and therapeutic method for dental caries management. Materials and Methods: Research question was formulated based on the PICO strategy. A comprehensive electronic literature search was conducted across PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and EBSCOhost databases independently by two reviewers. All papers published from 1989 to December 2017 that focused on the use of probiotic Streptococcus strains for caries prevention were included in this review. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to the selected articles, and a customized data extraction sheet was formulated. The selected articles were subjected to quality assessment, and the risk of bias in selected studies was evaluated. Results: A total of five articles were included. The overall risk of bias of the selected clinical trials was found to be high risk, and the overall level of evidence of the selected in vitro studies was moderate. Conclusion: The two included clinical studies on the use of probiotic Streptococcus strains for caries prevention had high risk of bias. Although in-vitro studies showed promising results, clinical studies have not demonstrated clear clinical outcomes. Thus, there is a vast scope for future research in this field. Clinical Relevance: Application of oral probiotics will help reinstate a balanced microbiota and thereby improving oral health. This systematic review focused on evaluating the role played by probiotic Streptococcus strains in the carious lesion incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Poorni
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manali Ramakrishnan Srinivasan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Malli Sureshbabu Nivedhitha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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25
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Probiotics for Modification of the Incidence or Severity of Respiratory Tract Infections. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2018; 37:722-724. [PMID: 29570585 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000002000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Zupancic K, Kriksic V, Kovacevic I, Kovacevic D. Influence of Oral Probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12 on Ear and Oral Cavity Health in Humans: Systematic Review. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2018; 9:102-110. [PMID: 28236205 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9261-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, probiotics are linked to the good health of the intestine and most clinical studies focus on that field. Evidence of oral probiotic use for ear and oral cavity disease prevention with impact on human health is limited. This work reviews existing studies and literature on Streptococcus salivarius K12 as an oral probiotic and effects of S. salivarius K12 on human ear and oral cavity human health. The studies were accessed via database searches: MEDLINE, PubMed, and Elsevier. The search included/focused on/encompassed publications from 2003 to 2016 with keywords related to K12 Streptococcus salivarius, bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS) K12, probiotic K12 salivarius, and K12 probiotic health effects. Only a small amount of studies was identified: the total of 68 studies was identified, 35 of which were relevant after screening, and 9 were included in the final analysis. Very little literature is available about the association/correlation between/connection/interrelation of S. salivarius K12 with/and human ear and oral cavity health. S. salivarius K12 may have a role in reducing the occurrence and/or severity of secretory otitis media (SOM) and also in prevention of streptococcal and viral pharyngotonsillitis in children. Research highlights that S. salivarius K12 has shown promising results in treatment of halitosis, but data are still deficient. Further studies need to be initiated to improve understanding of the association of oral probiotic S. salivarius K12 with human ear and oral cavity health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dujo Kovacevic
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Centre "Sisters of Mercy", Zagreb, Croatia
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27
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Assessment of Efficacy of BLIS-Producing Probiotic K12 for the Prevention of Group A Streptococcus Pharyngitis: a Short Communication. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2018; 11:332-334. [PMID: 29464500 PMCID: PMC6449295 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-018-9398-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The neutral outcome of the recently reported school-based trial of probiotic K12 (The effect of the oral probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12 on group A streptococcus pharyngitis: a pragmatic trial in schools) can be attributed at least partially to several readily identifiable confounding factors. Mainly, the execution and outcome were negatively impacted by (a) the suboptimal efficacy and frequency of K12 administration, (b) the failure both clinically and microbiologically to adequately diagnose and distinguish active group A streptococci (GAS) pharyngitis from harmless GAS carriage, and (c) the exceptionally low occurrence of GAS in this population at the time of the probiotic intervention due to recent high-intensity antibiotic exposure.
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28
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Lappan R, Imbrogno K, Sikazwe C, Anderson D, Mok D, Coates H, Vijayasekaran S, Bumbak P, Blyth CC, Jamieson SE, Peacock CS. A microbiome case-control study of recurrent acute otitis media identified potentially protective bacterial genera. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:13. [PMID: 29458340 PMCID: PMC5819196 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1154-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recurrent acute otitis media (rAOM, recurrent ear infection) is a common childhood disease caused by bacteria termed otopathogens, for which current treatments have limited effectiveness. Generic probiotic therapies have shown promise, but seem to lack specificity. We hypothesised that healthy children with no history of AOM carry protective commensal bacteria that could be translated into a specific probiotic therapy to break the cycle of re-infection. We characterised the nasopharyngeal microbiome of these children (controls) in comparison to children with rAOM (cases) to identify potentially protective bacteria. As some children with rAOM do not appear to carry any of the known otopathogens, we also hypothesised that characterisation of the middle ear microbiome could identify novel otopathogens, which may also guide the development of more effective therapies. Results Middle ear fluids, middle ear rinses and ear canal swabs from the cases and nasopharyngeal swabs from both groups underwent 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The nasopharyngeal microbiomes of cases and controls were distinct. We observed a significantly higher abundance of Corynebacterium and Dolosigranulum in the nasopharynx of controls. Alloiococcus, Staphylococcus and Turicella were abundant in the middle ear and ear canal of cases, but were uncommon in the nasopharynx of both groups. Gemella and Neisseria were characteristic of the case nasopharynx, but were not prevalent in the middle ear. Conclusions Corynebacterium and Dolosigranulum are characteristic of a healthy nasopharyngeal microbiome. Alloiococcus, Staphylococcus and Turicella are possible novel otopathogens, though their rarity in the nasopharynx and prevalence in the ear canal means that their role as normal aural flora cannot be ruled out. Gemella and Neisseria are unlikely to be novel otopathogens as they do not appear to colonise the middle ear in children with rAOM. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-018-1154-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Lappan
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia. .,Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Kara Imbrogno
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Chisha Sikazwe
- Department of Microbiology, PathWest, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Denise Anderson
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Danny Mok
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Harvey Coates
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Shyan Vijayasekaran
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Paul Bumbak
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Christopher C Blyth
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Microbiology, PathWest, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sarra E Jamieson
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Christopher S Peacock
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia. .,Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
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29
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Abstract
There is increasing interest in probiotics for therapy and prevention of infectious diseases. There are no published trials of probiotics as therapy for respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in children or adults. There is low quality, inconsistent evidence for the efficacy of probiotics for prevention of RTIs or ventilator-associated pneumonia or for modification of the severity of RTIs.
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30
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Diagnosis and treatment of otitis media with effusion: CODEPEH recommendations. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2017; 70:36-46. [PMID: 29033123 DOI: 10.1016/j.otorri.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and the prevalence rates of otitis media with effusion (OME) are high. However, there is evidence that only a minority of professionals follow the recommendations provided in clinical practice guidelines. For the purpose of improving diagnosis and treatment of OME in children to prevent and/or reduce its impact on children's development, the Commission for the Early Detection of Deafness (CODEPEH) has deeply reviewed the scientific literature on this field and has drafted a document of recommendations for a correct clinical reaction to of OME, including diagnosis and medical and surgical treatment methodology. Among others, medication, in particular antibiotics and corticoids, should not be prescribed and 3 months of watchful waiting should be the first adopted measure. If OME persists, an ENT doctor should assess the possibility of sugical treatment. The impact of OME in cases of children with a comorbidity is higher, so it requires immediate reaction, without watchful waiting.
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31
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Amaral MA, Guedes GHBF, Epifanio M, Wagner MB, Jones MH, Mattiello R. Network meta-analysis of probiotics to prevent respiratory infections in children and adolescents. Pediatr Pulmonol 2017; 52:833-843. [PMID: 28052594 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics have emerged as a promising intervention for the prevention of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in children. Assess the effect of probiotics on prevention of RTIs in children and adolescents. MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, SCIELO, CINAHL, SCOPUS, and Web of Science. Key words: "respiratory tract infections" AND probiotics. Randomized controlled trials RCT assessing the effect of probiotics on RTIs in children and adolescents were included. Two reviewers, working independently, to identify studies that met the eligibility criteria. Main and secondary outcomes were RTIs and adverse effects, respectively. Twenty-one trials with 6.603 participants were included. Pairwise meta-analysis suggested that Lactobacillus casei rhamnosus (LCA) was the only effective probiotic to the rate of RTIs compared to placebo (RR0.38; Crl 0.19-0.45). Network analysis showed that the LCA exhibited 54.7% probability of being classified in first, while the probability of Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 (LFC) being last in the ranking was 15.3%. LCA showed no better effect compared to other probiotic strains by indirect analysis. This systematic review found a lack of evidence to support the effect of probiotic on the incidence rate of respiratory infections in children and adolescents. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:833-843. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Azambuja Amaral
- Centro Universitário Ritter dos Reis-UniRitter, Rua Orfanotrófio 555, Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Helena Barbosa Ferreira Guedes
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Infant Center, Biomedical Researcho Institute PUCRS, 6681 Ipiranga Av, Partenon, 90619-9000 Porto Alegre City/RS, Brazil
| | - Matias Epifanio
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Infant Center, Biomedical Researcho Institute PUCRS, 6681 Ipiranga Av, Partenon, 90619-9000 Porto Alegre City/RS, Brazil
| | - Mario Bernardes Wagner
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Infant Center, Biomedical Researcho Institute PUCRS, 6681 Ipiranga Av, Partenon, 90619-9000 Porto Alegre City/RS, Brazil
| | - Marcus Herbert Jones
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Infant Center, Biomedical Researcho Institute PUCRS, 6681 Ipiranga Av, Partenon, 90619-9000 Porto Alegre City/RS, Brazil
| | - Rita Mattiello
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Infant Center, Biomedical Researcho Institute PUCRS, 6681 Ipiranga Av, Partenon, 90619-9000 Porto Alegre City/RS, Brazil
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32
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Mashburn-Warren L, Downey JS, Goodman SD. Novel method for the depletion of cariogenic bacteria using dextranomer microspheres. Mol Oral Microbiol 2017; 32:475-489. [PMID: 28502123 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans is recognized as one of the key contributors to the dysbiotic state that results in dental caries. Existing treatment strategies reduce the incidence of tooth decay, but they also eliminate both the cariogenic and beneficial microbes. Here we introduce a novel treatment alternative using Sephadex, cross-linked dextranomer microspheres (DMs), typically used for gel filtration chromatography. In addition DM beads can be used for affinity purification of glucosyltransferases (GTFs) from S. mutans. In this study we take advantage of the native pathogenic mechanisms used by S. mutans to adhere, form a biofilm and induce dental caries through the expression of surface-associated GTFs. We demonstrate that planktonic and biofilm-grown (adhered to hydroxyapatite-coated pegs to mimic the tooth surface) S. mutans, specifically and competitively attach to DMs. Further investigation demonstrated that DMs are a specific affinity resin for S. mutans and other cariogenic/pathogenic oral streptococci, whereas other commensal and probiotic strains failed to readily adhere to DMs. Using antimicrobial cargo loaded into the DM lumen, we demonstrate that when in co-culture with non-binding to even modestly binding commensal species, S. mutans was selectively killed. This proof of concept study introduces a novel means to safely and effectively reduce the pool of S. mutans and other pathogenic streptococci in the oral cavity with limited disturbance of the necessary commensal (healthy) microbiota when compared with current oral healthcare products.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mashburn-Warren
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - J S Downey
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S D Goodman
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Division of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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33
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Kamneva OK. Genome composition and phylogeny of microbes predict their co-occurrence in the environment. PLoS Comput Biol 2017; 13:e1005366. [PMID: 28152007 PMCID: PMC5313232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The genomic information of microbes is a major determinant of their phenotypic properties, yet it is largely unknown to what extent ecological associations between different species can be explained by their genome composition. To bridge this gap, this study introduces two new genome-wide pairwise measures of microbe-microbe interaction. The first (genome content similarity index) quantifies similarity in genome composition between two microbes, while the second (microbe-microbe functional association index) summarizes the topology of a protein functional association network built for a given pair of microbes and quantifies the fraction of network edges crossing organismal boundaries. These new indices are then used to predict co-occurrence between reference genomes from two 16S-based ecological datasets, accounting for phylogenetic relatedness of the taxa. Phylogenetic relatedness was found to be a strong predictor of ecological associations between microbes which explains about 10% of variance in co-occurrence data, but genome composition was found to be a strong predictor as well, it explains up to 4% the variance in co-occurrence when all genomic-based indices are used in combination, even after accounting for evolutionary relationships between the species. On their own, the metrics proposed here explain a larger proportion of variance than previously reported more complex methods that rely on metabolic network comparisons. In summary, results of this study indicate that microbial genomes do indeed contain detectable signal of organismal ecology, and the methods described in the paper can be used to improve mechanistic understanding of microbe-microbe interactions. It is still unknown to what extent ecological associations between microbes, as measured by co-occurrence of different taxa in 16S rRNA surveys, can be explained, or predicted, using composition and structure of microbial genomes alone. Here I introduce two new genome-wide, pairwise indices for quantifying the propensity of microbial species to interact with each other. The first measure quantifies similarity in genome composition between two microbes. The second measure summarizes the topology of a protein functional association network built for a given pair of microbes and quantifies the fraction of network edges crossing organismal boundaries. I then study the ability of two newly proposed and two previously reported indices to explain variation in microbial co-occurrence. All four measures are significantly correlated with co-occurrence of microbes even when accounting for evolutionary relationships between the species. One of the newly developed indices outperforms previously proposed ones and explains up to 3.5% of the variance in co-occurrence. In summary, the indices described here are able to detect ecological associations between species using only their genomic information; however, additional methods are needed to provide more reliable genomic tools for microbial ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga K. Kamneva
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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34
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Di Pierro F, Colombo M, Zanvit A, Rottoli AS. Positive clinical outcomes derived from using Streptococcus salivarius K12 to prevent streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis in children: a pilot investigation. DRUG HEALTHCARE AND PATIENT SAFETY 2016; 8:77-81. [PMID: 27920580 PMCID: PMC5123729 DOI: 10.2147/dhps.s117214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Streptococcus salivarius K12 (BLIS K12®) is a probiotic strain producing the bacteriocins salivaricin A2 and salivaricin B, both of which strongly antagonize the growth of Streptococcus pyogenes, the most important bacterial cause of pharyngeal infections in humans. It successfully colonizes and exhibits persistence in the oral cavity and is endowed with an excellent safety profile. Previous observations of a small group of children indicated that the use of BLIS K12 could also reduce the occurrence of viral pharyngitis. The present study focused on a further evaluation of the role of BLIS K12 in the control of pediatric streptococcal disease and moreover whether its use could also help provide protection against various nonstreptococcal infections. Methods In total, 48 children with a recent history of recurrent pharyngeal streptococcal disease were enrolled in the treated group. The control group comprised 76 children known to have had a very low recent occurrence of oral streptococcal disease. The treated children were given BLIS K12 daily for 90 days. The number of episodes of streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis, tracheitis, viral pharyngitis, rhinitis, flu, laryngitis, acute otitis media, enteritis, and stomatitis was recorded during probiotic treatment and for a follow-up period of 9 months, and this was compared with the episodes of the control group over the corresponding period. Results Compared with the pretreatment time period, 2013, a 90% reduction of streptococcal pharyngeal disease was observed in 2014; compared with untreated children, a statistically significant reduction of all of the other disease conditions assessed, other than stomatitis, was detected in the probiotic-treated children. Conclusion In agreement with previous findings, in the present study, it was found that the daily use of BLIS K12 has been associated with a concurrent and persisting reduction in the occurrence of pharyngeal, recurrent, streptococcal disease. Moreover, the benefits to children may also extend to a reduction of nonstreptococcal diseases, including tracheitis, viral pharyngitis, rhinitis, flu, laryngitis, acute otitis media, and enteritis.
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Manning J, Dunne EM, Wescombe PA, Hale JDF, Mulholland EK, Tagg JR, Robins-Browne RM, Satzke C. Investigation of Streptococcus salivarius-mediated inhibition of pneumococcal adherence to pharyngeal epithelial cells. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:225. [PMID: 27681377 PMCID: PMC5041332 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0843-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pneumococcal adherence to the nasopharyngeal epithelium is a critical step in colonisation and disease. The probiotic bacterium, Streptococcus salivarius, can inhibit pneumococcal adherence to epithelial cells in vitro. We investigated the mechanism(s) of inhibition using a human pharyngeal epithelial cell line (Detroit 562) following pre-administration of two different strains of S. salivarius. Results Whilst the bacteriocin-encoding megaplasmids of S. salivarius strains K12 and M18 were essential to prevent pneumococcal growth on solid media, they were not required to inhibit pneumococcal adherence. Experiments testing S. salivarius K12 and two pneumococcal isolates (serotypes 19F and 6A) showed that inhibition of 19F may involve S. salivarius-mediated blocking of pneumococcal binding sites: a negative correlation was observed between adherence of K12 and 19F, and no inhibition occurred when K12 was prevented from contacting epithelial cells. K12-mediated inhibition of adherence by 6A may involve additional mechanisms, since no correlation was observed between adherence of K12 and 6A, and K12 could inhibit 6A adherence in the absence of cell contact. Conclusions These results suggest that S. salivarius employs several mechanisms, including blocking pneumococcal binding sites, to reduce pneumococcal adherence to pharyngeal epithelial cells. These findings extend our understanding of how probiotics may inhibit pneumococcal adherence and could assist with the development of novel strategies to prevent pneumococcal colonisation in the future. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-016-0843-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayne Manning
- Pneumococcal Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Eileen M Dunne
- Pneumococcal Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | - E Kim Mulholland
- Pneumococcal Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - John R Tagg
- Blis Technologies Ltd, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Roy M Robins-Browne
- Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Catherine Satzke
- Pneumococcal Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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Karpova EP, Karpycheva IE, Tulupov DA. [Prophylaxis of chronic adenoiditis in the children]. Vestn Otorinolaringol 2016; 80:43-45. [PMID: 26978751 DOI: 10.17116/otorino201580643-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken with the purpose of improving the effectiveness of the preventive treatment of chronic adenoiditis in the children. The open randomized comparative study included 219 children aged from 6 to 7 years presenting with clinical and anamnestic signs of chronic adenoiditis. The study group was comprised of 113 patients given the Streptococcus salivarius K12-based probiotic complex during 30 days in combination with the nasal-douche. The control group consisted of 106 patients treated with the nasal douche alone. The analysis of the results of the study has demonstrated that episodes of exacerbation of adenoiditis on day 30 after the onset of the treatment occurred in 56 (49.6%) children of the study group compared with 95 (88.7%) patients of the control group. Three months later, acute sinusitis was diagnosed in 4 (3.5%) children of the study group compared with 14 (13.2%) ones in the control group. Acute otitis media was documented in 2 (1.8%) and 5 (4.7%) children of the study and control groups respectively. It is concluded that the treatment with the use of the Streptococcus salivarius K12-based probiotic complex permits to decrease the frequency of exacerbations of chronic adenoiditis and its complications in the children and reduces the requirement for medication therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Karpova
- Russian Medical Academy of Post-Graduate Education, Moscow, Russia, 125993
| | - I E Karpycheva
- Russian Medical Academy of Post-Graduate Education, Moscow, Russia, 125993
| | - D A Tulupov
- Russian Medical Academy of Post-Graduate Education, Moscow, Russia, 125993
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Marom T, Marchisio P, Tamir SO, Torretta S, Gavriel H, Esposito S. Complementary and Alternative Medicine Treatment Options for Otitis Media: A Systematic Review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2695. [PMID: 26871802 PMCID: PMC4753897 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Otitis media (OM) has numerous presentations in children. Together with conventional medical therapies aimed to prevent and/or treat OM, a rising number of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatment options can be offered. Since OM is common in children, parents may ask healthcare professionals about possible CAM therapies. Many physicians feel that their knowledge is limited regarding these therapies, and that they desire some information. Therefore, we conducted a literature review of CAM therapies for OM, taking into account that many of these treatments, their validity and efficacy and have not been scientifically demonstrated.We performed a search in MEDLINE (accessed via PubMed) using the following terms: "CAM" in conjunction with "OM" and "children. Retrieved publications regarding treatment of OM in children which included these terms included randomized controlled trials, prospective/retrospective studies, and case studies.The following CAM options for OM treatment in children were considered: acupuncture, homeopathy, herbal medicine/phytotherapy, osteopathy, chiropractic, xylitol, ear candling, vitamin D supplement, and systemic and topical probiotics. We reviewed each treatment and described the level of scientific evidence of the relevant publications.The therapeutic approaches commonly associated with CAM are usually conservative, and do not include drugs or surgery. Currently, CAM is not considered by physicians a potential treatment of OM, as there is limited supporting evidence. Further studies are warranted in order to evaluate the potential value of CAM therapies for OM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Marom
- From the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Zerifin, Israel (TM, HG); Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (PM, SE); Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Holon, Israel (SOT); and Otolaryngology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (ST)
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Banas JA, Popp ET. Recovery of Viable Bacteria from Probiotic Products that Target Oral Health. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2016; 5:227-31. [PMID: 24015157 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-013-9142-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Probiotic therapy has predominantly been directed toward promoting and maintaining intestinal health. In recent years, however, probiotic regimens that target oral health have appeared on the market. These regimens are often delivered in the form of lozenges. Despite the oral health claims made by the manufacturers of these products, there is little independent evidence in the literature to support such claims. In theory, probiotic organisms can be beneficial by several different means including direct inhibition of pathogens and boosting of the host immune response, with the underlying assumption that these mechanisms require a critical number of viable organisms. In this study, five brands of probiotics marketed for oral health were tested for the recovery of viable bacteria. For only one brand could viable bacteria be recovered within one log of the manufacturer's stated starting amount of bacteria. Nearly a billion viable bacteria could be recovered from a lozenge of this brand. The other brands claimed similar starting amounts of bacteria at the time of manufacture but at least a three-log drop off was observed in the amount of viable bacteria recovered from those products. Refrigeration of the probiotics significantly improved the recovery for one brand, but recoveries for all but one brand remained below the recommended daily dosage for probiotic regimens. It is concluded that probiotic brands differ significantly in the quantities of bacteria that remain viable with most failing to meet recommended dosage targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Banas
- University of Iowa, College of Dentistry, Dows Institute for Research, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
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Gregori G, Righi O, Risso P, Boiardi G, Demuru G, Ferzetti A, Galli A, Ghisoni M, Lenzini S, Marenghi C, Mura C, Sacchetti R, Suzzani L. Reduction of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus pharyngo-tonsillar infections associated with use of the oral probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12: a retrospective observational study. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2016; 12:87-92. [PMID: 26855579 PMCID: PMC4725641 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s96134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent pharyngo-tonsillar infections caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS) occur frequently in young children, and the treatment of these infections contributes substantially to the total current requirement for antibiotic prescribing. Our study goal was to assess through a retrospective observational analysis whether the administration of the oral probiotic, Streptococcus salivarius K12 (SsK12), could reduce the occurrence of GABHS pharyngo-tonsillar infections in children who had a recent history of recurrent episodes of these infections. Twelve primary care pediatricians identified, through their databases, a total of 130 children who had experienced recurrent GABHS pharyngo-tonsillar infections over a period of at least 6–12 months prior to their inclusion in the study. Of these children, 76 then undertook a 90-day program requiring once-a-day dosing with a commercially available (Bactoblis) lozenge containing SsK12. No probiotic supplement was given to the remaining 54 (control) children. Each subject was monitored for the occurrence of GABHS pharyngo-tonsillitis and also for acute otitis media, bronchitis, sinusitis, and bronchopneumonia for at least 12 months following their entry to the study. Even 9 months after the use of SsK12 had been stopped, the probability of new GABHS infections was significantly lower (P>0.001) when compared to the period before dosing commenced. When compared to the untreated children, those taking SsK12 appear to have had significantly fewer GABHS infections both during the 90-day period of prophylaxis and during the following 9 months (P<0.001). These observations are supportive of the use of probiotic SsK12 for the control of recurrent GABHS pharyngo-tonsillar infections in children, and as an associated benefit, the use of this probiotic could lead to reduced antibiotic consumption. Follow-up controlled prospective studies should now be initiated in order to further establish the efficacy of this newly emerging prophylactic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Gregori
- Primary Care Department, Local Health Unit (ASL), Piacenza, Italy
| | - Ornella Righi
- Primary Care Department, Local Health Unit (ASL), Piacenza, Italy
| | - Paolo Risso
- Department of Health Science (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Goffreda Boiardi
- Primary Care Department, Local Health Unit (ASL), Piacenza, Italy
| | - Giovanni Demuru
- Primary Care Department, Local Health Unit (ASL), Piacenza, Italy
| | - Anna Ferzetti
- Primary Care Department, Local Health Unit (ASL), Piacenza, Italy
| | - Antonio Galli
- Primary Care Department, Local Health Unit (ASL), Piacenza, Italy
| | - Marco Ghisoni
- Primary Care Department, Local Health Unit (ASL), Piacenza, Italy
| | - Sonia Lenzini
- Primary Care Department, Local Health Unit (ASL), Piacenza, Italy
| | - Claudio Marenghi
- Primary Care Department, Local Health Unit (ASL), Piacenza, Italy
| | - Caterina Mura
- Primary Care Department, Local Health Unit (ASL), Piacenza, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Suzzani
- Primary Care Department, Local Health Unit (ASL), Piacenza, Italy
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Di Pierro F, Zanvit A, Nobili P, Risso P, Fornaini C. Cariogram outcome after 90 days of oral treatment with Streptococcus salivarius M18 in children at high risk for dental caries: results of a randomized, controlled study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2015; 7:107-13. [PMID: 26491371 PMCID: PMC4598214 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s93066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is the most common chronic disease of childhood. Cariogram is a well-recognized algorithm-based software program based on different caries-related risk factors and intended to aid clinicians in performing more objective and consistent dental caries risk assessments. This type of approach precedes the diagnosis of caries and allows the dentist to identify at-risk patients and then take appropriate preventive measures before caries develop further. One of the etiological factors favoring the development of dental caries is the mutans streptococci. These acidogenic dental plaque inhabitants can be effectively antagonized by the activity of bacteriocins released by the probiotic Streptococcus salivarius M18 (salivarius M18). Moreover, salivarius M18 after colonizing the human oral mucosa produces the enzymes dextranase and urease that are able to counteract plaque formation and saliva acidity, respectively. Seventy-six subjects at high risk of dental caries were randomized and then either treated or not treated for 90 days with an oral formulation containing the oral probiotic salivarius M18 (Carioblis(®)). The results indicate that the use of salivarius M18 increases the chances of avoiding new dental caries development in children, and its application could be proposed as a new tool in the dentist's armory to be adopted in subjects considered at high risk on the basis of their Cariogram outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paolo Risso
- Department of Health Science, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Carlo Fornaini
- Teleo Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Nice, Nice, France
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Di Pierro F, Di Pasquale D, Di Cicco M. Oral use of Streptococcus salivarius K12 in children with secretory otitis media: preliminary results of a pilot, uncontrolled study. Int J Gen Med 2015; 8:303-8. [PMID: 26396541 PMCID: PMC4576902 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s92488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretory otitis media (SOM) remains a common disease among children. Although its cause is not yet perfectly established, the pathology, often a sequel of acute otitis media (AOM), is mainly characterized by persistent fluid in the middle ear cavity. Twenty-two children with a diagnosis of SOM were treated daily for 90 days with an oral formulation containing the oral probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12 (Bactoblis®). After treatment, the children were evaluated for AOM episodes and subjected to tone audiometry, tympanometry, endonasal endoscopy, otoscopy, and tonsillar examination. Subject compliance and probiotic tolerability and side effects have also been evaluated. Our results indicate a good safety profile, a substantial reduction of AOM episodes, and a positive outcome from the treatment for all of the clinical outcomes tested. We conclude that strain K12 may have a role in reducing the occurrence and/or severity of SOM in children. From our perspective, this study constitutes a starting point toward the organization of a more extensive placebo-controlled study aimed at critically appraising our preliminary observations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniele Di Pasquale
- ORL Department, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Ca' Grande IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Di Cicco
- ORL Department, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Ca' Grande IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Comment on: "Probiotics in addition to antibiotics for the treatment of acute tonsillitis: a randomized, placebo-controlled study". Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 34:1485-6. [PMID: 25896859 PMCID: PMC4475237 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-015-2377-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Gilbey P, Livshits L, Sharabi-Nov A, Avraham Y, Miron D. Probiotics in addition to antibiotics for the treatment of acute tonsillitis: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 34:1011-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-015-2315-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Arthur TD, Cavera VL, Chikindas ML. On bacteriocin delivery systems and potential applications. Future Microbiol 2014; 9:235-48. [PMID: 24571075 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.13.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides produced by a variety of bacteria. These peptides can act as antibiotic synergists or alternatives to enhance the therapeutic effects of current infection treatments and decrease the prevalence of resistant strains. Two bacteriocins, namely nisin and pediocin PA-1, are currently being used by the food industry; however, the introduction of these and others into the biomedical industry, and further development of food applications, have been challenged by the slow development of reliable delivery systems. For bacteriocins, these systems rely on novel and pre-existing technologies. Many essential variables need to be accounted for to formulate successful delivery methods. In this review, documented and potential bacteriocin delivery systems are examined, with special attention paid to how those systems are being implemented in the food and medical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Arthur
- Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Delorme C, Abraham AL, Renault P, Guédon E. Genomics of Streptococcus salivarius, a major human commensal. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 33:381-92. [PMID: 25311532 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The salivarius group of streptococci is of particular importance for humans. This group consists of three genetically similar species, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus vestibularis and Streptococcus thermophilus. S. salivarius and S. vestibularis are commensal organisms that may occasionally cause opportunistic infections in humans, whereas S. thermophilus is a food bacterium widely used in dairy production. We developed Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and comparative genomic analysis to confirm the clear separation of these three species. These analyses also identified a subgroup of four strains, with a core genome diverging by about 10%, in terms of its nucleotide sequence, from that of S. salivarius sensu stricto. S. thermophilus species displays a low level of nucleotide variability, due to its recent emergence with the development of agriculture. By contrast, nucleotide variability is high in the other two species of the salivarius group, reflecting their long-standing association with humans. The species of the salivarius group have genome sizes ranging from the smallest (∼ 1.7 Mb for S. thermophilus) to the largest (∼ 2.3 Mb for S. salivarius) among streptococci, reflecting genome reduction linked to a narrow, nutritionally rich environment for S. thermophilus, and natural, more competitive niches for the other two species. Analyses of genomic content have indicated that the core genes of S. salivarius account for about two thirds of the genome, indicating considerable variability of gene content and differences in potential adaptive features. Furthermore, we showed that the genome of this species is exceptionally rich in genes encoding surface factors, glycosyltransferases and response regulators. Evidence of widespread genetic exchanges was obtained, probably involving a natural competence system and the presence of diverse mobile elements. However, although the S. salivarius strains studied were isolated from several human body-related sites (all levels of the digestive tract, skin, breast milk, and body fluids) and included clinical strains, no genetic or genomic niche-specific features could be identified to discriminate specific group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Delorme
- INRA, UMR 1319 Micalis, Domaine de Vilvert, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France; AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Anne-Laure Abraham
- INRA, UMR 1319 Micalis, Domaine de Vilvert, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France; AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Pierre Renault
- INRA, UMR 1319 Micalis, Domaine de Vilvert, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France; AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Eric Guédon
- INRA, UMR 1319 Micalis, Domaine de Vilvert, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France; AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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Marchisio P, Nazzari E, Torretta S, Esposito S, Principi N. Medical prevention of recurrent acute otitis media: an updated overview. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 12:611-20. [PMID: 24678887 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2014.899902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Acute otitis media (AOM) is one of the most common pediatric diseases; almost all children experience at least one episode, and a third have two or more episodes in the first three years of life. The disease burden of AOM has important medical, social and economic effects. AOM requires considerable financial assistance due to needing at least one doctor visit and a prescription for antipyretics and/or antibiotics. AOM is also associated with high indirect costs, which are mostly related to lost days of work for one parent. Moreover, due to its acute symptoms and frequent recurrences, AOM considerably impacts both the child and family's quality of life. AOM prevention, particularly recurrent AOM (rAOM), is a primary goal of pediatric practice. In this paper, we review current evidence regarding the efficacy of medical treatments and vaccines for preventing rAOM and suggest the best approaches for AOM-prone children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Marchisio
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Di Pierro F, Colombo M, Zanvit A, Risso P, Rottoli AS. Use of Streptococcus salivarius K12 in the prevention of streptococcal and viral pharyngotonsillitis in children. DRUG HEALTHCARE AND PATIENT SAFETY 2014; 6:15-20. [PMID: 24600248 PMCID: PMC3928062 DOI: 10.2147/dhps.s59665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Streptococcus salivarius K12 is an oral probiotic strain releasing two lantibiotics (salivaricin A2 and salivaricin B) that antagonize the growth of S. pyogenes, the most important bacterial cause of pharyngeal infections in humans also affected by episodes of acute otitis media. S. salivarius K12 successfully colonizes the oral cavity, and is endowed with an excellent safety profile. We tested its preventive role in reducing the incidence of both streptococcal and viral pharyngitis and/or tonsillitis in children. Materials and methods We enrolled 61 children with a diagnosis of recurrent oral streptococcal disorders. Thirty-one of them were enrolled to be treated daily for 90 days with a slow-release tablet for oral use, containing no less than 1 billion colony-forming units/tablet of S. salivarius K12 (Bactoblis®), and the remaining 30 served as the untreated control group. During treatment, they were all examined for streptococcal infection. Twenty children (ten per group) were also assessed in terms of viral infection. Secondary end points in both groups were the number of days under antibiotic and antipyretic therapy and the number of days off school (children) and off work (parents). Results The 30 children who completed the 90-day trial with Bactoblis® showed a significant reduction in their episodes of streptococcal pharyngeal infection (>90%), as calculated by comparing the infection rates of the previous year. No difference was observed in the control group. The treated group showed a significant decrease in the incidence (80%) of oral viral infections. Again, there was no difference in the control group. With regard to secondary end points, the number of days under antibiotic treatment of the treated and control groups were 30 and 900 respectively, days under antipyretic treatment 16 and 228, days of absence from school 16 and 228, and days of absence from work 16 and 228. The product was well tolerated by the subjects, with no side effects, and only one individual reported bad product palatability and dropped out. Conclusion Prophylactic administration of S. salivarius K12 to children with a history of recurrent oral streptococcal disease resulted in a considerable reduction of episodes of both streptococcal and viral infections and reduced the number of days under antibiotic and/or antipyretic therapy and days of absence from school or work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Colombo
- Pediatric Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Risso
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Social Psychiatry, Mario Negri Institute, Milan, Italy
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Ettinger G, MacDonald K, Reid G, Burton JP. The influence of the human microbiome and probiotics on cardiovascular health. Gut Microbes 2014; 5:719-28. [PMID: 25529048 PMCID: PMC4615746 DOI: 10.4161/19490976.2014.983775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of death worldwide. Of the many etiological factors, microorganisms constitute one. From the local impact of the gut microbiota on energy metabolism and obesity, to the distal association of periodontal disease with coronary heart disease, microbes have a significant impact on cardiovascular health. In terms of the ability to modulate or influence the microbes, probiotic applications have been considered. These are live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a benefit on the host. While a number of reports have established the beneficial abilities of certain probiotic bacterial strains to reduce cholesterol and hypertension, recent research suggests that their use could be more widely applied. This review presents an up-to-date summary of the known associations of the microbiome with CVD, and potential applications of probiotic therapy.
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Key Words
- ACE, Angiotensin converting enzyme
- ASD, Autism Spectrum Disorder
- BSH, Bile salt hydrolase
- CLA, Conjugate linoleic acid
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- CVD, Cardiovascular disease
- HSP, Heat shock protein
- I/R, Ischemia/reperfusion
- LDL-C Low density lipoprotein cholesterol
- PD, Periodontal disease
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- TMA, Trimethylamine
- TMAO, Trimethylamine-N-oxide
- cardioprotection
- cardiovascular disease
- dysbiosis
- microbiome
- periodontal disease
- probiotics
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Ettinger
- Canadian Center for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research; Lawson Health Research Institute; London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Western University; London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyle MacDonald
- Canadian Center for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research; Lawson Health Research Institute; London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Western University; London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregor Reid
- Canadian Center for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research; Lawson Health Research Institute; London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Western University; London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery; Western University; London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeremy P Burton
- Canadian Center for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research; Lawson Health Research Institute; London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Western University; London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery; Western University; London, Ontario, Canada
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Vandenplas Y, De Greef E, Devreker T, Veereman-Wauters G, Hauser B. Probiotics and Prebiotics in Infants and Children. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2013; 15:251-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s11908-013-0334-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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