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Kang J, Rhee J, Wang C, Yang Y, Li G, Li H. Unlocking the dark matter: noncoding RNAs and RNA modifications in cardiac aging. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H832-H844. [PMID: 38305752 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00532.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac aging is a multifaceted process that encompasses structural and functional alterations culminating in heart failure. As the elderly population continues to expand, there is a growing urgent need for interventions to combat age-related cardiac functional decline. Noncoding RNAs have emerged as critical regulators of cellular and biochemical processes underlying cardiac disease. This review summarizes our current understanding of how noncoding RNAs function in the heart during aging, with particular emphasis on mechanisms of RNA modification that control their activity. Targeting noncoding RNAs as potential novel therapeutics in cardiac aging is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Kang
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - James Rhee
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Yolander Yang
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Guoping Li
- Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Haobo Li
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Shim GY, Kim M, Won CW. Cross-sectional and longitudinal association between atrial fibrillation and sarcopenia: Findings from the Korean frailty and aging cohort study. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024; 15:434-441. [PMID: 38057913 PMCID: PMC10834337 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is commonly observed in patients with cardiovascular diseases. However, studies on the association between sarcopenia and atrial fibrillation and their causal relationships are limited. We performed cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses to investigate the association between sarcopenia and atrial fibrillation among community-dwelling older adults. METHODS A total of 2225 participants from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS) from 2016 to 2017 were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Sarcopenia was defined according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 consensus. Atrial fibrillation was diagnosed on the basis of electrocardiographic findings. We investigated whether atrial fibrillation increased the risk of incident sarcopenia 2 years later and whether sarcopenia, in turn, increased the 2-year risk of developing atrial fibrillation using KFACS data from 2018 to 2019. RESULTS Of the 2225 participants (54.2% women; mean age 76.0 ± 3.9 years), 509 (22.9%) had sarcopenia at baseline. In the cross-sectional analysis, sarcopenia was associated with atrial fibrillation after multivariate adjustment [odd ratio (OR), 2.127; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.240-3.648; P = 0.006]. Among the sarcopenia components, low physical performance was associated with atrial fibrillation (OR, 1.872; 95% CI, 1.123-3.120; P = 0.016). During the 2-year follow-up period, atrial fibrillation was not associated with new-onset of sarcopenia (OR, 1.483; 95% CI, 0.597-3.685; P = 0.396), and sarcopenia also did not significantly increase the risk of incident atrial fibrillation (OR, 1.120; 95% CI, 0.384-3.264; P = 0.836). CONCLUSIONS Although we found a significant association between sarcopenia and atrial fibrillation in a cross-sectional analysis, we could not establish a causal relationship between the two based on 2 years of follow-up. Further research with long-term follow-up is required to identify causal relationship between atrial fibrillation and sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga Yang Shim
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation MedicineKyung Hee University College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University HospitalSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Miji Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, College of Medicine, East‐West Medical Research InstituteKyung Hee UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Chang Won Won
- Department of Family Medicine, Kyung Hee University college of MedicineKyung Hee University HospitalSeoulRepublic of Korea
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Bavaresco Gambassi B, Nobre I, Prazeres J, de Melo MH, Bianco R, Novais TM, Oliveira PDL, Souza TA, Ribeiro MJ, Schwingel PA. Impact of dynamic explosive resistance exercise with elastic bands on pulse pressure in hypertensive older adults: a randomized crossover study. Blood Press Monit 2023; 28:208-214. [PMID: 37195348 DOI: 10.1097/mbp.0000000000000650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the acute responses of pulse pressure (PP), SBP, and DBP to dynamic explosive resistance exercise (DERE) with elastic resistance bands in hypertensive older adults. METHODS Eighteen hypertensive older adults were randomly assigned to participate in DERE and control sessions. PP, SBP, and DBP were measured before (baseline) and after each session (immediately, 10, and 20 min after the session). The DERE protocol has five sets of two consecutive exercises. RESULTS There was an important clinical decrease in PP (Δ = -7.8 mmHg; dz = 0.7) and in DBP (Δ = -6.3 mmHg; dz = 0.6) favoring the exercise session post-20 min in the intersession comparison. DERE also promoted lowering levels in SBP (140.3 ± 16.0 vs. 126.2 ± 14.3 mmHg; Δ = -14.1 mmHg; P = 0.04) with a large effect size ( dz = 0.9) post-20 min when compared to the control session. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that DERE with elastic resistance bands improved SBP in hypertensive older adults. In addition, our results support the hypothesis that DERE can an important clinical decrease in PP and DBP. According to this, professionals may have additional exercise training possibilities with elastic resistance bands when prescribing resistance exercises for systemic arterial hypertension treatment in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bavaresco Gambassi
- Universidade Ceuma
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gestão de Programas e Serviços de Saúde (PPGGPSS), Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, MA
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Desempenho Humano (LAPEDH), Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), Petrolina, PE
| | | | - Jozimar Prazeres
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gestão de Programas e Serviços de Saúde (PPGGPSS), Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, MA
| | | | | | | | | | - Thiago Antonio Souza
- Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Maranhão (HU-UFMA), Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares (EBSERH)
| | - Maria Jacqueline Ribeiro
- Clínica Laservasc - Cardiologia, Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular (LASERVASC), São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Paulo Adriano Schwingel
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Desempenho Humano (LAPEDH), Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), Petrolina, PE
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Holm H, Magnusson M, Jujić A, Pugliese NR, Bozec E, Lamiral Z, Huttin O, Zannad F, Rossignol P, Girerd N. Ventricular-arterial coupling (VAC) in a population-based cohort of middle-aged individuals: The STANISLAS cohort. Atherosclerosis 2023; 374:11-20. [PMID: 37159989 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Data exploring normal values of different ventricular-arterial coupling (VAC) parameters and their association with anthropometric and cardiovascular (CV) factors are scarce. We aim to report values of two different methods of VAC assessment according to age and sex and explore their association with CV factors within a large population-based cohort of middle-aged individuals. METHODS For 1333 (mean age 48 ± 14) individuals participating in the 4th visit of the STANISLAS cohort, VAC was assessed by two methods [1]: arterial elastance (Ea)/end-systolic elastance (Ees) and [2] Pulse wave velocity (PWV)/Global longitudinal strain (GLS). RESULTS The mean values of Ea/Ees and PWV/GLS were 1.06 ± 0.20 and 0.42 ± 0.12, respectively. The two methods of VAC assessment were poorly correlated (Pearson's correlation coefficient r = 0.14 (0.08; 0.19)). Increased PWV/GLS was associated with older age and a higher degree of cardiovascular risk factors (i.e., BMI, blood pressure, LDL, diabetes, hypertension) in the whole population as well as in the parent generation. In contrast, higher Ea/Ees were associated with decreasing age, and lower prevalence of risk factors in the whole cohort but neutrally associated with risk factors in the parent generation. CONCLUSIONS Higher PWV/GLS is significantly associated with CV factors regardless of age. In contrast, worse Ea/Ees is associated with a better CV risk profile when considering individuals aged 30 to 70 but neutrally associated with CV factors when considering only older patients. These results may suggest that PWV/GLS should preferably be used to explore VAC. In addition, age-individualized threshold of Ea/Ees should be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Holm
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - M Magnusson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - A Jujić
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - E Bozec
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-1433, and Inserm, CHRU Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy, France
| | - Z Lamiral
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-1433, and Inserm, CHRU Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy, France
| | - O Huttin
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-1433, and Inserm, CHRU Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy, France
| | - F Zannad
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-1433, and Inserm, CHRU Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy, France
| | - P Rossignol
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-1433, and Inserm, CHRU Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy, France
| | - N Girerd
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-1433, and Inserm, CHRU Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy, France
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Varghese LN, Schwenke DO, Katare R. Role of noncoding RNAs in cardiac ageing. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1142575. [PMID: 37034355 PMCID: PMC10073704 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1142575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The global population is estimated to reach 9.8 billion by 2050, of which 2.1 billion will comprise individuals above 60 years of age. As the number of elderly is estimated to double from 2017, it is a victory of the modern healthcare system but also worrisome as ageing, and the onset of chronic disease are correlated. Among other chronic conditions, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in the aged population. While the underlying cause of the age-associated development of CVDs is not fully understood, studies indicate the role of non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lnc-RNAs) in the development of age-associated CVDs. miRNAs and lnc-RNAs are non-coding RNAs which control gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. The expression of specific miRNAs and lnc-RNAs are reportedly dysregulated with age, leading to cardiovascular system changes and ultimately causing CVDs. Since miRNAs and lnc-RNAs play several vital roles in maintaining the normal functioning of the cardiovascular system, they are also being explored for their therapeutic potential as a treatment for CVDs. This review will first explore the pathophysiological changes associated with ageing. Next, we will review the known mechanisms underlying the development of CVD in ageing with a specific focus on miRNA and lnc-RNAs. Finally, we will discuss the therapeutic options and future challenges towards healthy cardiac ageing. With the global ageing population on the rise, this review will provide a fundamental understanding of some of the underlying molecular mechanisms of cardiac ageing.
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Gårdinger Y, Malmgren A, Hlebowicz J, Dencker M. Effect of food intake on echocardiographic measurements in healthy elderly. Echocardiography 2022; 39:811-818. [PMID: 35606943 DOI: 10.1111/echo.15368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluates whether food intake affects systolic and diastolic echocardiographic measurements in healthy seniors. METHODS Thirty healthy subjects 65-70 years of age were investigated with echocardiography, at fasting and then 30, 90, and 180 min after a meal. RESULTS After 30 min the biggest changes were seen in left ventricular wall stress and myocardial performance index with a decrease of 45% and 33%, respectively, compared to fasting values. Significant (p < .05) increases also were seen in left ventricular stroke volume, left ventricular cardiac output, left ventricular cardiac index, left ventricular outflow velocity-time integral, peak of early diastolic (E) and late diastolic (A) mitral flow velocities, the E/A ratio, pulsed tissue Doppler peak systolic (s') and early (e') and late (a') diastolic velocities, pulmonary vein peak velocities in systole (S) and diastole (D), mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), and global longitudinal strain (GLS) (increases ranging 6%-19%). After 90 min there remained a decrease in wall stress and myocardial performance index of 31% and 17%, respectively, and smaller, but still significant, changes could be seen in left ventricular stroke volume, left ventricular outflow velocity-time integral, MAPSE (lateral), TAPSE, GLS, and a few pulsed tissue Doppler peak systolic velocities and late diastolic velocities. An increase also could be seen in deceleration time of E-wave (DT). After 180 min, all variables except DT were back at baseline or below. No significant changes were seen in S/D ratio, lateral early diastolic velocity (e' lateral) and E/e'ratio. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that food intake affects commonly used echocardiographic parameters, both systolic and diastolic, in healthy seniors. With a few exceptions, the changes seen in the older population were less pronounced than previous studies in younger subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylva Gårdinger
- Department of Translational Medicine, Unit of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Translational Medicine, Unit of Radiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Andreas Malmgren
- Department of Translational Medicine, Unit of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Joanna Hlebowicz
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Dencker
- Department of Translational Medicine, Unit of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Webber M, Falconer D, AlFarih M, Joy G, Chan F, Davie C, Hamill Howes L, Wong A, Rapala A, Bhuva A, Davies RH, Morton C, Aguado-Sierra J, Vazquez M, Tao X, Krausz G, Tanackovic S, Guger C, Xue H, Kellman P, Pierce I, Schott J, Hardy R, Chaturvedi N, Rudy Y, Moon JC, Lambiase PD, Orini M, Hughes AD, Captur G. Study protocol: MyoFit46-the cardiac sub-study of the MRC National Survey of Health and Development. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:140. [PMID: 35365075 PMCID: PMC8972905 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02582-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The life course accumulation of overt and subclinical myocardial dysfunction contributes to older age mortality, frailty, disability and loss of independence. The Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD) is the world's longest running continued surveillance birth cohort providing a unique opportunity to understand life course determinants of myocardial dysfunction as part of MyoFit46-the cardiac sub-study of the NSHD. METHODS We aim to recruit 550 NSHD participants of approximately 75 years+ to undertake high-density surface electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI) and stress perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). Through comprehensive myocardial tissue characterization and 4-dimensional flow we hope to better understand the burden of clinical and subclinical cardiovascular disease. Supercomputers will be used to combine the multi-scale ECGI and CMR datasets per participant. Rarely available, prospectively collected whole-of-life data on exposures, traditional risk factors and multimorbidity will be studied to identify risk trajectories, critical change periods, mediators and cumulative impacts on the myocardium. DISCUSSION By combining well curated, prospectively acquired longitudinal data of the NSHD with novel CMR-ECGI data and sharing these results and associated pipelines with the CMR community, MyoFit46 seeks to transform our understanding of how early, mid and later-life risk factor trajectories interact to determine the state of cardiovascular health in older age. TRIAL REGISTRATION Prospectively registered on ClinicalTrials.gov with trial ID: 19/LO/1774 Multimorbidity Life-Course Approach to Myocardial Health- A Cardiac Sub-Study of the MCRC National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Webber
- Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, West Smithfield, London, ECIA 7BE, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
- Centre for Inherited Heart Muscle Conditions, Department of Cardiology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Pond Street, London, NW3 2QG, UK
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Debbie Falconer
- Centre for Inherited Heart Muscle Conditions, Department of Cardiology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Pond Street, London, NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Mashael AlFarih
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - George Joy
- Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, West Smithfield, London, ECIA 7BE, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Fiona Chan
- Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, West Smithfield, London, ECIA 7BE, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Clare Davie
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Lee Hamill Howes
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Andrew Wong
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Alicja Rapala
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Anish Bhuva
- Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, West Smithfield, London, ECIA 7BE, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
- Institute of Health Informatics, UCL, Euston Road, London, UK
| | - Rhodri H Davies
- Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, West Smithfield, London, ECIA 7BE, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | | | - Jazmin Aguado-Sierra
- ELEM Biotech, S.L, Bristol, BS1 6QH, UK
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariano Vazquez
- ELEM Biotech, S.L, Bristol, BS1 6QH, UK
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xuyuan Tao
- École Nationale Supérieure Des Arts Et Industries Textiles, 2 allée Louise et Victor Champier, 59056, Roubaix Cedex 1, France
| | - Gunther Krausz
- g.Tec Medical Engineering GmbH, Siernigtrabe 14, 4521, Schiedlberg, Austria
| | | | - Christoph Guger
- g.Tec Medical Engineering GmbH, Siernigtrabe 14, 4521, Schiedlberg, Austria
| | - Hui Xue
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Peter Kellman
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Iain Pierce
- Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, West Smithfield, London, ECIA 7BE, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Jonathan Schott
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Nishi Chaturvedi
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Yoram Rudy
- Cardiac Bioelectricity and Arrhythmia Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - James C Moon
- Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, West Smithfield, London, ECIA 7BE, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Pier D Lambiase
- Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, West Smithfield, London, ECIA 7BE, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Michele Orini
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Alun D Hughes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Gabriella Captur
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
- Centre for Inherited Heart Muscle Conditions, Department of Cardiology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Pond Street, London, NW3 2QG, UK.
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK.
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Pérez-Gómez J, Redondo PC, Navarrete-Villanueva D, Lozano-Berges G, Ara I, González-Gross M, Casajus JA, Vicente-Rodríguez G. New Evidence on Regucalcin, Body Composition, and Walking Ability Adaptations to Multicomponent Exercise Training in Functionally Limited and Frail Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:363. [PMID: 35010623 PMCID: PMC8744755 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regucalcin, or senescence marker protein-30 (SMP30), is a Ca2+-binding protein with multiple functions reported in the literature. Physical exercise has been shown to improve aging markers; nevertheless, SMP30 in humans has not been extensively researched. Older adults experience a decline in functional capacity and body composition. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a multicomponent training (MCT) program on SMP30 and its regulation of walking ability and body composition in functionally limited, frail, and pre-frail older adults. METHODS A total of 34 older adults (aged 80.3 ± 6.1 years) were divided into an intervention group (IG = 20) and control group (CG = 14). The IG performed a supervised MCT (strength, endurance, balance, coordination, and flexibility) program for 6 months, 3 days per week, whereas the CG continued their normal lives without any specific physical training. SMP30 was analyzed in plasma after 3 and 6 months of MCT, while some physical fitness variables (Timed Up and Go (TUG) and 6-min walk test (6MWT)) and body composition (fat mass and lean mass) were measured at baseline, as well as after 3 months and 6 months of MCT. RESULTS No significant changes were observed in SPM30 between the IG (877.5 a.u. to 940.5 a.u., respectively) and CG (790.4 a.u. to 763.8 a.u., respectively). Moreover, no SMP30 differences were found between groups after 3 and 6 months of MCT. The IG improved significantly in the 6MWT after 3 months (472.2 ± 84.2 m) compared to baseline (411.2 ± 75.2 m). The IG also significantly enhanced their TUG performance after 3 months (7.6 ± 1.6 s) and 6 months (7.3 ± 1.8 s) of training compared to baseline (9.3 ± 3.2 s) (all, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in body composition between the IG and CG through the 6 months of MCT. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that MCT did not change SMP30 levels from 3 to 6 months, where there were changes in neither walking ability nor body composition; however, MCT was effective in improving 6MWT and TUG performance from baseline to 3 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Pérez-Gómez
- HEME Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Pedro C. Redondo
- Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain;
| | - David Navarrete-Villanueva
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2- (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 22001 Huesca, Spain; (D.N.-V.); (G.L.-B.); (J.A.C.); (G.V.-R.)
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Gabriel Lozano-Berges
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2- (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 22001 Huesca, Spain; (D.N.-V.); (G.L.-B.); (J.A.C.); (G.V.-R.)
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ara
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain;
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- ImFine Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José A. Casajus
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2- (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 22001 Huesca, Spain; (D.N.-V.); (G.L.-B.); (J.A.C.); (G.V.-R.)
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Germán Vicente-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2- (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 22001 Huesca, Spain; (D.N.-V.); (G.L.-B.); (J.A.C.); (G.V.-R.)
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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9
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Koutouroushis C, Sarkar O. Role of Autophagy in Cardiovascular Disease and Aging. Cureus 2021; 13:e20042. [PMID: 34873555 PMCID: PMC8631374 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide and is expected to further increase as people continue to live even longer. Although the life span of the general population is increasing, the con of such a prolonged life span is that aging has certain detrimental effects on the molecular, structural, and functional elements of the cardiovascular system. This review will discuss various molecular pathways linked to longevity, most notably autophagy and its associated mechanisms, and how these pathways can be targeted to promote cardiovascular health through the process of aging. It is to be noted that the process of autophagy decreases with aging; hence, this review concludes that the promotion of autophagy, through implementation of caloric restriction, intermittent fasting, and pharmacologic agents, has proven to be an efficacious means of stimulating cardiovascular health. Therefore, autophagy is an important target for prevention and procrastination of cardiovascular pathologies in the geriatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oiendrila Sarkar
- General Internal Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, Isle of Wight NHS Trust, Newport, GBR
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10
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Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis to Identify Alternative Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer's Disease: Insights from a Synaptic Machinery Perspective. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 72:273-286. [PMID: 34414562 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01893-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common type of dementia, is a serious neurodegenerative disease that has no cure yet, but whose symptoms can be alleviated with available medications. Therefore, early and accurate diagnosis of the disease and elucidation of the molecular mechanisms involved in the progression of pathogenesis are critically important. This study aimed to identify dysregulated miRNAs and their target mRNAs through the integrated analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression profiling in AD patients versus unaffected controls. Expression profiles in postmortem brain samples from AD patients and healthy individuals were extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and were analyzed using bioinformatics approaches to identify gene ontologies, pathways, and networks. Finally, the module analysis of the PPI network and hub gene selection was carried out. A total of five differentially expressed miRNAs were extracted from the miRNA dataset, and 4312 differentially expressed mRNAs were obtained from the mRNA dataset. By comparing the DEGs and the putative targets of the altered miRNAs, 116 (3 upregulated and 113 downregulated) coordinated genes were determined. Also, six hub genes (SNAP25, GRIN2A, GRIN2B, DLG2, ATP2B2, and SCN2A) were identified by constructing a PPI network. The results of the present study provide insight into mechanisms such as synaptic machinery and neuronal communication underlying AD pathogenesis, specifically concerning miRNAs.
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11
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Sellami M, Bragazzi NL, Aboghaba B, Elrayess MA. The Impact of Acute and Chronic Exercise on Immunoglobulins and Cytokines in Elderly: Insights From a Critical Review of the Literature. Front Immunol 2021; 12:631873. [PMID: 33936044 PMCID: PMC8079972 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.631873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The level of immunoglobulins and cytokines changes with an ageing immune system. This review summarizes findings from studies that have examined the impact of acute and chronic exercise on immunoglobulins and cytokines in the elderly. Our literature analysis revealed that acute endurance exercise resulted in increased secretory salivary immunoglobulin A (SIgA), while acute bouts of muscle strengthening exercise (i.e., isokinetic, eccentric, knee extensor exercise) increased plasma/muscle interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels. Chronic exercise in the form of short-term endurance training (i.e., 12-16 weeks) and long-term combined endurance and resistance training (i.e., 6-12 months) induced increases in salivary SIgA concentration. We additionally identified that short-term endurance training at moderate intensities and the combination of endurance, strength, balance, and flexibility training increase plasma IL-10 and reduce plasma IL-6 and TNF-α in healthy elderly adults and male patients with chronic heart failure. Strength training for 6-12 weeks did not alter plasma IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α concentration in healthy elderly adults and patients with chronic-degenerative diseases, while 12 weeks of resistance training decreased muscle TNF-α mRNA in frail elderly individuals. Short-term (i.e., 10-24 weeks) moderate- to high-intensity strength training reduced LPS–IL-6, LPS, IL-1β, LPS–TNF-α and circulating concentrations of TNF-α and increased IL-10 in healthy elderly women and older people with cognitive impairment, respectively. In conclusion, it appears that acute bouts of endurance exercise and short-term chronic exercise training exercise are appropriate methods to enhance mucosal immune function, reduce systemic markers of inflammation, and promote anti-inflammatory processes in elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Sellami
- Physical Education Department (PE), College of Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Baha Aboghaba
- Program of Exercise Science, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
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12
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Li FR, He Y, Yang HL, Liu HM, Zhou R, Chen GC, Wu XX, Zou MC, Wang JY, Wu XB. Isolated systolic and diastolic hypertension by the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines and risk of cardiovascular disease: a large prospective cohort study. J Hypertens 2021; 39:1594-1601. [PMID: 33560057 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association blood pressure (BP) guidelines lowered the hypertension threshold from a SBP/DBP level of at least 140/90 mmHg to at least 130/80 mmHg. The cardiovascular impact of isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) and isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH) under the new definition remains unclear. METHODS We used data from the UK Biobank study, which is a prospective population-based cohort study. Participants were categorized into five groups: normal BP, normal high BP, ISH, IDH and systolic and diastolic hypertension. The primary endpoint for this study was the composite of nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), nonfatal ischaemic stroke, nonfatal haemorrhagic stroke and cardiovascular disease (CVD) death. We also explored the results for the above-mentioned CVD outcomes separately. Baseline BP measurements were obtained twice after the participant had been at rest for at least 5 min in a seated position. RESULTS We included 385 955 participants who were not taking antihypertensive medications, were free of CVD at baseline and had available data on BP measurements. During a median follow-up of 8.1 years, 8959 CVD events were recorded, including 4729 nonfatal MIs, 2287 nonfatal ischaemic strokes, 813 nonfatal haemorrhagic strokes, and 1826 CVD deaths. According to the hypertension threshold of at least 130/80 mmHg by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines, both ISH (hazard ratio 1.39; 95% confidence interval 1.27, 1.15) and IDH (hazard ratio 1.28; 95% confidence interval 1.15, 1.43) were significantly associated with a higher overall CVD risk than normal BP. ISH was associated with most CVD risk, except for ischaemic stroke, while the excess CVD risk associated with IDH appeared to be driven mainly by MI and CVD death. We found heterogeneity by sex and age regarding the effects of IDH on overall CVD risk, with significant associations in younger adults (age <60 years) and women and null associations in men and older adults (age ≥60 years). CONCLUSION ISH was associated with the risk of most CVD events, while the association between IDH and CVD risk was mainly driven by MI incidence and CVD death. Further research is needed to identify participants with IDH who have a particular risk for developing CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Rong Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University
| | - Yong He
- Baiyun Jinkang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Lian Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University
| | - Hua-Min Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University
| | - Guo-Chong Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Xiao-Xiang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, 157th Hospital, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command
| | - Meng-Chen Zou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Ya Wang
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Xian-Bo Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University
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13
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Linares AM, Goncin N, Stuckey M, Burgomaster KA, Dogra S. Acute Cardiopulmonary Response to Interval and Continuous Exercise in Older Adults: A Randomized Crossover Study. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 36:2920-2926. [PMID: 33337698 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Linares, AM, Goncin, N, Stuckey, M, Burgomaster, KA, and Dogra, S. Acute cardiopulmonary response to interval and continuous exercise in older adults: a randomized crossover study. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-The purpose of this study was to compare the cardiopulmonary response with different exercise protocols in healthy older adults. Subjects (n = 30; 15 women, age: 69.6 ± 6.2 years) completed an exercise test (MAX) on a cycle ergometer to determine maximal oxygen consumption (V[Combining Dot Above]O2max) and peak power output (PPO). Exercise sessions were randomized: high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE, 1 minute 90% PPO followed by 1 minute 10% PPO, ×10), moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MOD, 20 minutes at 50% PPO), and sprint-interval exercise (SPRT, 20 seconds "all-out" sprints followed by 2 minutes at 50 W, ×3). V[Combining Dot Above]O2max was highest during MAX in men (MAX: 28.2 ± 6.3; MOD: 22.6 ± 4.5; HIIE: 26.7 ± 5.7; SPRT: 26.0 ± 4.3; F(2.1) = 28.6, p = 0.0001, = 0.67), whereas similar peaks were observed between HIIE, SPRT, and MAX in women (MAX: 21.9 ± 6.1; MOD: 18.9 ± 4.5; HIIE: 21.6 ± 5.3; SPRT: 21.7 ± 3.9; F(2.2) = 10.2, p = 0.0001, = 0.42). The peak heart rate (b·min-1) was similar across all exercise sessions in both men (MAX: 148.1 ± 17.1; MOD: 132.6 ± 21.8; HIIE: 144.9 ± 16.6; SPRT: 148.6 ± 14.2; F(1.9) = 9.1, p = 0.001, = 0.41) and women (MAX: 148.1 ± 13.1; MOD: 136.3 ± 18.2; HIIE: 147.0 ± 16.4; SPRT: 148.5 ± 18.0; F(2.0) = 5.3, p = 0.011, = 0.27). The %V[Combining Dot Above]O2 at which sessions were performed varied significantly across individual subjects. In conclusion, older women work at near maximal V[Combining Dot Above]O2 when performing HIIE and SPRT; this has implications for exercise testing and prescription protocols in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Linares
- Health and Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences (Kinesiology), Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada; National Circus School, Quebec, Canada; and Lakeridge Health, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Kirillova V, Garganeeva A, Sokolova L. Diastolic function of the left and right ventricles of the heart in outpatients with arterial hypertension. Echocardiography 2020; 37:1014-1020. [PMID: 32594607 DOI: 10.1111/echo.14781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study is to investigate the impairment of diastolic function of the left ventricle (LV) and the right ventricle (RV) in arterial hypertension outpatients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Arterial hypertension patients (n = 299) and practically healthy people (n = 62) were examined on an outpatient basis. Echocardiographically, diastolic dysfunctions of both ventricles were evaluated. RESULTS All the arterial hypertension patients had a pattern of diastolic dysfunction (DD) of the RV of different grades (grade I RVDD and grade II RVDD), regardless of the presence or absence of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Patterns of grade I LVDD and grade I RVDD were detected in 84 patients. Patterns of grade I LVDD and grade II RVDD were detected in 77 patients. Patterns of grade II LVDD and grade II RVDD were detected in 41 patients. A pattern of grade II RVDD with normal left ventricular diastolic function was detected in 97 patients with a short duration of disease (3.92 ± 0.48 years) vs the other groups with more than 15 years of hypertension. One hundred and seventy-five arterial hypertension patients had grade I or II LVDD only in 18.3% of cases according to the recommendations of the American and European societies of echocardiographers (2016). CONCLUSION The patients with a short period of hypertensive disease have only the pseudonormal pattern of RVDD, which can be an early diagnostic marker of heart failure. Echocardiographic diagnosis of diastolic function made according to various criteria can both increase the number of chronic heart failure patients and significantly decrease it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venera Kirillova
- Department of Biochemistry, Ural State Medical University, Ekaterinburg, Russia.,Laboratory of Anti-Aging Technologies, Institute of Medical Cell Technologies, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Alla Garganeeva
- Research Institute of Cardiology of the Tomsk NIMC, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Ludmila Sokolova
- Department of Biochemistry, Ural State Medical University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
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15
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Intzandt B, Sabra D, Foster C, Desjardins-Crépeau L, Hoge RD, Steele CJ, Bherer L, Gauthier CJ. Higher cardiovascular fitness level is associated with lower cerebrovascular reactivity and perfusion in healthy older adults. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:1468-1481. [PMID: 31342831 PMCID: PMC7308519 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19862873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by vascular and structural changes in the brain, which include decreased grey matter volume (GMV), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR). Enhanced fitness in aging has been related to preservation of GMV and CBF, and in some cases CVR, although there are contradictory relationships reported between CVR and fitness. To gain a better understanding of the complex interplay between fitness and GMV, CBF and CVR, the present study assessed these factors concurrently. Data from 50 participants, aged 55 to 72, were used to derive GMV, CBF, CVR and VO2peak. Results revealed that lower CVR was associated with higher VO2peak throughout large areas of the cerebral cortex. Within these regions lower fitness was associated with higher CBF and a faster hemodynamic response to hypercapnia. Overall, our results indicate that the relationships between age, fitness, cerebral health and cerebral hemodynamics are complex, likely involving changes in chemosensitivity and autoregulation in addition to changes in arterial stiffness. Future studies should collect other physiological outcomes in parallel with quantitative imaging, such as measures of chemosensitivity and autoregulation, to further understand the intricate effects of fitness on the aging brain, and how this may bias quantitative measures of cerebral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Intzandt
- INDI Department, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.,PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Dalia Sabra
- Départment de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Catherine Foster
- PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.,Physics Department, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Laurence Desjardins-Crépeau
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Richard D Hoge
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Canada
| | - Christopher J Steele
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Louis Bherer
- PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Départment de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Claudine J Gauthier
- PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.,Physics Department, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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16
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Hilt ZT, Ture SK, Mohan A, Arne A, Morrell CN. Platelet-derived β2m regulates age related monocyte/macrophage functions. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:11955-11974. [PMID: 31852838 PMCID: PMC6949047 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Platelets have central roles in both immune responses and development. Stimulated platelets express leukocyte adhesion molecules and release numerous immune modulatory factors that recruit and activate leukocytes, both at the sites of activation and distantly. Monocytes are innate immune cells with dynamic immune modulatory functions that change during the aging process, a phenomenon termed “inflammaging”. We have previously shown that platelets are a major source of plasma beta-2 microglobulin (β2M) and that β2M induced a monocyte pro-inflammatory phenotype. Plasma β2M increases with age and is a pro-aging factor. We hypothesized that platelet derived β2M regulates monocyte phenotypes in the context of aging. Using wild-type (WT) and platelet specific β2M knockout mice (Plt-β2M-/-) mice, we found that plasma β2M increased with age and correlated with increased circulating Ly6CHi monocytes. However, aged Plt-β2M-/- mice had significantly fewer Ly6CHi monocytes compared to WT mice. Quantitative real-time PCR of circulating monocytes showed that WT mouse monocytes were more “pro-inflammatory” with age, while Plt-β2M-/- derived monocytes adopted a “pro-reparative” phenotype. Older Plt-β2M-/- mice had a significant decline in heart function compared to age matched WT mice, as well as increased cardiac fibrosis and pro-fibrotic markers. These data suggest that platelet-derived β2M regulates age associated monocyte polarization, and a loss of platelet derived β2M shifted monocytes and macrophages to a pro-reparative phenotype and increased pro-fibrotic cardiac responses. Platelet regulation of monocyte phenotypes via β2M may maintain a balance between inflammatory and reparative signals that affects age related physiologic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary T Hilt
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Box CVRI, Rochester, NY 14652, USA
| | - Sara K Ture
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Box CVRI, Rochester, NY 14652, USA
| | - Amy Mohan
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Box CVRI, Rochester, NY 14652, USA
| | - Allison Arne
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Box CVRI, Rochester, NY 14652, USA
| | - Craig N Morrell
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Box CVRI, Rochester, NY 14652, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY 14652, USA
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17
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Barón-Castañeda A. Geriatric cardiology: A challenge for the twenty-first century. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE CARDIOLOGÍA 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rccar.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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18
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Cardiogeriatría: un reto para el siglo xxi. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE CARDIOLOGÍA 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rccar.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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19
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Urrunaga-Pastor D, Runzer-Colmenares FM, Arones TM, Meza-Cordero R, Taipe-Guizado S, Guralnik JM, Parodi JF. Factors associated with poor physical performance in older adults of 11 Peruvian high Andean communities. F1000Res 2019; 8:59. [PMID: 30906536 PMCID: PMC6415321 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.17513.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Physical performance in the older adult has been extensively studied. However, only a few studies have evaluated physical performance among older adults of high Andean populations and none have studied the factors associated with it. The objective of this study was to evaluate factors associated with poor physical performance by using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) in older adults living in 11 Peruvian high Andean communities. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out in inhabitants aged 60 or over from 11 high-altitude Andean communities of Peru during 2013-2017. Participants were categorized in two groups according to their SPPB score: poor physical performance (0-6 points) and medium/good physical performance (7-12 points). Additionally, we collected socio-demographic, medical, functional and cognitive assessment information. Poisson regression models were constructed to identify factors associated with poor physical performance. Prevalence ratio (PR) with 95% confidence intervals (95 CI%) are presented. Results: A total of 407 older adults were studied. The average age was 73.0 ± 6.9 years (range: 60-94 years) and 181 (44.5%) participants had poor physical performance (0-6 points). In the adjusted Poisson regression analysis, the factors associated with poor physical performance were: female gender (PR=1.29; 95%CI: 1.03-1.61), lack of social support (PR=2.10; 95%CI: 1.17-3.76), number of drugs used (PR=1.09; 95%CI: 1.01-1.17), urinary incontinence (PR=1.45; 95%CI: 1.16-1.82), exhaustion (PR=1.35; 95%CI: 1.03-1.75) and cognitive impairment (PR=1.89; 95%CI: 1.40-2.55). Conclusions: Almost half of the population evaluated had poor physical performance based on the SPPB. Factors that would increase the possibility of suffering from poor physical performance were: female gender, lack of social support, number of drugs used, urinary incontinence, exhaustion and cognitive impairment. Future studies with a larger sample and longitudinal follow-up are needed to design beneficial interventions for the high Andean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Urrunaga-Pastor
- Unidad de Investigación para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, 15024, Peru
| | - Fernando M Runzer-Colmenares
- Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Centro de Investigación del Envejecimiento (CIEN), Lima, Peru.,Bamboo Seniors Health Services, Lima, 15038, Peru.,Universidad Científica del Sur, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Carrera de Medicina Humana, Lima, 15067, Peru
| | - Tania M Arones
- Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, 15024, Peru
| | - Rosario Meza-Cordero
- Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, 15024, Peru
| | - Silvana Taipe-Guizado
- Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, 15024, Peru
| | - Jack M Guralnik
- University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21211, USA
| | - Jose F Parodi
- Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Centro de Investigación del Envejecimiento (CIEN), Lima, Peru.,Bamboo Seniors Health Services, Lima, 15038, Peru
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20
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Jacka MJ, Guyatt G, Mizera R, Van Vlymen J, Ponce de Leon D, Schricker T, Bahari MY, Lv B, Afzal L, Plou García MP, Wu X, Nigro Maia L, Arrieta M, Rao-Melacini P, Devereaux PJ. Age Does Not Affect Metoprolol's Effect on Perioperative Outcomes (From the POISE Database). Anesth Analg 2019; 126:1150-1157. [PMID: 29369093 PMCID: PMC5882297 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000002804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Perioperative β-blockade reduces the incidence of myocardial infarction but increases that of death, stroke, and hypotension. The elderly may experience few benefits but more harms associated with β-blockade due to a normal effect of aging, that of a reduced resting heart rate. The tested hypothesis was that the effect of perioperative β-blockade is more significant with increasing age. METHODS: To determine whether the effect of perioperative β-blockade on the primary composite event, clinically significant hypotension, myocardial infarction, stroke, and death varies with age, we interrogated data from the perioperative ischemia evaluation (POISE) study. The POISE study randomly assigned 8351 patients, aged ≥45 years, in 23 countries, undergoing major noncardiac surgery to either 200 mg metoprolol CR daily or placebo for 30 days. Odds ratios or hazard ratios for time to events, when available, for each of the adverse effects were measured according to decile of age, and interaction term between age and treatment was calculated. No adjustment was made for multiple outcomes. RESULTS: Age was associated with higher incidences of the major outcomes of clinically significant hypotension, myocardial infarction, and death. Age was associated with a minimal reduction in resting heart rate from 84.2 (standard error, 0.63; ages 45–54 years) to 80.9 (standard error, 0.70; ages >85 years; P < .0001). We found no evidence of any interaction between age and study group regarding any of the major outcomes, although the limited sample size does not exclude any but large interactions. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of perioperative β-blockade on the major outcomes studied did not vary with age. Resting heart rate decreases slightly with age. Our data do not support a recommendation for the use of perioperative β-blockade in any age subgroup to achieve benefits but avoid harms. Therefore, current recommendations against the use of β-blockers in high-risk patients undergoing noncardiac surgery apply across all age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Jacka
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gordon Guyatt
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Mizera
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janet Van Vlymen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Thomas Schricker
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mohd Yani Bahari
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bonan Lv
- Department of Surgery, Heibei People's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lalitha Afzal
- Department of Medicine, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, India
| | | | - Xinmin Wu
- Department of Surgery, First Hospital, Beijing University, Beijing, China
| | - Lília Nigro Maia
- Hospital de Base Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Maribel Arrieta
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Militar Central, Bogota, Columbia
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Campillo S, Rancan L, Paredes SD, Higuera M, Izquierdo A, García C, Forman K, Tresguerres JA, Vara E. Effect of treatment with xanthohumol on cardiological alterations secondary to ageing. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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22
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Izzo C, Carrizzo A, Alfano A, Virtuoso N, Capunzo M, Calabrese M, De Simone E, Sciarretta S, Frati G, Oliveti M, Damato A, Ambrosio M, De Caro F, Remondelli P, Vecchione C. The Impact of Aging on Cardio and Cerebrovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E481. [PMID: 29415476 PMCID: PMC5855703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing number of evidences report that aging represents the major risk factor for the development of cardio and cerebrovascular diseases. Understanding Aging from a genetic, biochemical and physiological point of view could be helpful to design a better medical approach and to elaborate the best therapeutic strategy to adopt, without neglecting all the risk factors associated with advanced age. Of course, the better way should always be understanding risk-to-benefit ratio, maintenance of independence and reduction of symptoms. Although improvements in treatment of cardiovascular diseases in the elderly population have increased the survival rate, several studies are needed to understand the best management option to improve therapeutic outcomes. The aim of this review is to give a 360° panorama on what goes on in the fragile ecosystem of elderly, why it happens and what we can do, right now, with the tools at our disposal to slow down aging, until new discoveries on aging, cardio and cerebrovascular diseases are at hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Izzo
- Departement of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.I.); (M.C.); (M.O.); (F.D.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Albino Carrizzo
- Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.C.); (S.S.); (G.F.); (A.D.); (M.A.)
| | - Antonia Alfano
- Heart Department, A.O.U. “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy; (A.A.); (E.D.S.)
| | - Nicola Virtuoso
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, A.O.U. Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Mario Capunzo
- Departement of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.I.); (M.C.); (M.O.); (F.D.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Mariaconsiglia Calabrese
- Rehabilitation Department, A.O.U. “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Eros De Simone
- Heart Department, A.O.U. “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy; (A.A.); (E.D.S.)
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.C.); (S.S.); (G.F.); (A.D.); (M.A.)
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.C.); (S.S.); (G.F.); (A.D.); (M.A.)
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Marco Oliveti
- Departement of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.I.); (M.C.); (M.O.); (F.D.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Antonio Damato
- Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.C.); (S.S.); (G.F.); (A.D.); (M.A.)
| | - Mariateresa Ambrosio
- Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.C.); (S.S.); (G.F.); (A.D.); (M.A.)
| | - Francesco De Caro
- Departement of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.I.); (M.C.); (M.O.); (F.D.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Paolo Remondelli
- Departement of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.I.); (M.C.); (M.O.); (F.D.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Carmine Vecchione
- Departement of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.I.); (M.C.); (M.O.); (F.D.C.); (P.R.)
- Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.C.); (S.S.); (G.F.); (A.D.); (M.A.)
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23
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Ivabradine - well tolerated in elderly patients with systolic heart failure. Int J Cardiol 2017; 249:330-331. [PMID: 29121737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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24
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Abou R, Leung M, Khidir MJH, Wolterbeek R, Schalij MJ, Ajmone Marsan N, Bax JJ, Delgado V. Influence of Aging on Level and Layer-Specific Left Ventricular Longitudinal Strain in Subjects Without Structural Heart Disease. Am J Cardiol 2017; 120:2065-2072. [PMID: 28951022 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2017.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Values for level- (apical, mid, and basal) and layer-based (endocardial, mid-myocardial, and epicardial) left ventricular (LV) longitudinal strain across age are scarce. The present study evaluates the effect of aging on level- and layer-specific LV longitudinal strain in subjects without structural heart disease. A total of 408 subjects (mean age 58 years [range 16 to 91]; 49% men) were evaluated retrospectively. Subjects were divided into equal groups based on age and gender. Subjects with evidence of structural heart disease or arrhythmias were excluded. Mean LV ejection fraction was 62 ± 6.2%. A gradual increase in magnitude of level LV longitudinal strain was observed from basal to mid and apical levels (-16.7 ± 2.1%, -18.8 ± 2.0%, -22.6 ± 3.8%; p <0.001, respectively). Across age groups, there was a borderline significant decrease in magnitude of basal longitudinal strain in older subjects, whereas the magnitude in the apical level significantly increased. On layer-based analysis, the magnitude of longitudinal strain increased from epicardium to endocardium across all age groups. On multivariable analysis, only diabetes mellitus was associated with more impaired longitudinal strain in the endocardium, and male gender was associated with more impaired longitudinal strain at the epicardium layer. In conclusion, with increasing age, the magnitude of LV longitudinal strain at the basal level declines while the apical LV longitudinal strain increases. In contrast, layer-specific LV longitudinal strain remains unchanged with aging. The presence of diabetes mellitus modulated the effect of age on the LV endocardial layer, and male gender was associated with more impaired longitudinal strain at the epicardial layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Abou
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2300RC, The Netherlands
| | - Melissa Leung
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2300RC, The Netherlands
| | - Mand J H Khidir
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2300RC, The Netherlands
| | - Ron Wolterbeek
- Department of Medical Statistics and Bio-informatics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martin J Schalij
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2300RC, The Netherlands
| | - Nina Ajmone Marsan
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2300RC, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J Bax
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2300RC, The Netherlands
| | - Victoria Delgado
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2300RC, The Netherlands.
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25
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Milman A, Keren G, Topilsky Y. Decline in effort capacity with age: Echocardiographic stress analysis in the elderly. Echocardiography 2017; 34:1909-1916. [DOI: 10.1111/echo.13709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anat Milman
- Department of Cardiology; Tel Aviv Medical Center and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Gad Keren
- Department of Cardiology; Tel Aviv Medical Center and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Yan Topilsky
- Department of Cardiology; Tel Aviv Medical Center and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
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26
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Karuppagounder V, Arumugam S, Babu SS, Palaniyandi SS, Watanabe K, Cooke JP, Thandavarayan RA. The senescence accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8): A novel murine model for cardiac aging. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 35:291-296. [PMID: 27825897 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Because cardiovascular disease remains the major cause of mortality and morbidity world-wide, there remains a compelling need for new insights and novel therapeutic avenues. In this regard, the senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) line is a particularly good model for studying the effects of aging on cardiovascular health. Accumulating evidence suggests that this model may shed light on age-associated cardiac and vascular dysfunction and disease. These animals manifest evidence of inflammation, oxidative stress and adverse cardiac remodeling that may recapitulate processes involved in human disease. Early alterations in oxidative damage promote endoplasmic reticulum stress to trigger apoptosis and cytokine production in this genetically susceptible mouse strain. Conversely, pharmacological treatments that reduce inflammation and oxidative stress improve cardiac function in these animals. Therefore, the SAMP8 mouse model provides an exciting opportunity to expand our knowledge of aging in cardiovascular disease and the potential identification of novel targets of treatment. Herein, we review the previous studies performed in SAMP8 mice that provide insight into age-related cardiovascular alterations.
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27
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Martinod K, Witsch T, Erpenbeck L, Savchenko A, Hayashi H, Cherpokova D, Gallant M, Mauler M, Cifuni SM, Wagner DD. Peptidylarginine deiminase 4 promotes age-related organ fibrosis. J Exp Med 2016; 214:439-458. [PMID: 28031479 PMCID: PMC5294849 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) citrullinates proteins. In neutrophils, it causes chromatin decondensation and release of NETs, which are injurious. Martinod et al. show in this study that NETs promote fibrosis in a cardiac model and that PAD4-deficient mice have reduced age-related organ fibrosis. Aging promotes inflammation, a process contributing to fibrosis and decline in organ function. The release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs [NETosis]), orchestrated by peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), damages organs in acute inflammatory models. We determined that NETosis is more prevalent in aged mice and investigated the role of PAD4/NETs in age-related organ fibrosis. Reduction in fibrosis was seen in the hearts and lungs of aged PAD4−/− mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice. An increase in left ventricular interstitial collagen deposition and a decline in systolic and diastolic function were present only in WT mice, and not in PAD4−/− mice. In an experimental model of cardiac fibrosis, cardiac pressure overload induced NETosis and significant platelet recruitment in WT but not PAD4−/− myocardium. DNase 1 was given to assess the effects of extracellular chromatin. PAD4 deficiency or DNase 1 similarly protected hearts from fibrosis. We propose a role for NETs in cardiac fibrosis and conclude that PAD4 regulates age-related organ fibrosis and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Martinod
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Thilo Witsch
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Luise Erpenbeck
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Alexander Savchenko
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Hideki Hayashi
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Deya Cherpokova
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Maureen Gallant
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Maximilian Mauler
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stephen M Cifuni
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Denisa D Wagner
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 .,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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28
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Sreedhar R, Giridharan VV, Arumugam S, Karuppagounder V, Palaniyandi SS, Krishnamurthy P, Quevedo J, Watanabe K, Konishi T, Thandavarayan RA. Role of MAPK-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling in the heart during aging in senescence-accelerated prone mice. Biofactors 2016; 42:368-75. [PMID: 27087487 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is typically related to aging as there is a definite relationship between age-related changes in the heart and the pathogenesis of heart failure. We have previously reported the involvement of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase protein in cardiac function using animal models of heart failure. To further understand its relationship with aging-induced heart failure, we have compared its expression in the hearts of senescence accelerated-prone (SAMP8) mice and their control (SAMR1) with normal aging behavior. We have identified its activation along with reduced expression of 14-3-3η protein in SAMP8 mice hearts than in SAMR1 mice. To reveal the downstream signaling, we have measured the endoplasmic reticulum stress marker proteins along with some inflammatory and apoptosis markers and identified a significant increase in SAMP8 mice hearts than that of SAMR1. In addition, we have performed comet assay and revealed a significant DNA damage in the cardiomyocytes of SAMP8 mice when compared with SAMR1 mice. All these results demonstrate the role of 14-3-3η protein and the downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis and DNA damage in aging-induced cardiac malfunction in SAMP8 mice. Thus targeting this signaling might be effective in treating age-related cardiac dysfunction. © 2016 BioFactors, 42(4):368-375, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remya Sreedhar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City, Japan
| | - Vijayasree V Giridharan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Somasundaram Arumugam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City, Japan
| | - Vengadeshprabhu Karuppagounder
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City, Japan
| | - Suresh S Palaniyandi
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
| | - Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX
| | - Joao Quevedo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Kenichi Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Konishi
- NUPALS Liaison R/D Center, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
- International Collaborative Research Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jingyue Economic Development District, Changchun, China
| | - Rajarajan A Thandavarayan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX
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29
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Acute effect of resistance training without recovery intervals on the blood pressure of comorbidity-free elderly women: a pilot study. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-016-0290-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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30
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Saraf AA, Bell SP. Risk Stratification for Older Adults with Myocardial Infarction. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-016-0493-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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31
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Rabuñal-Rey R, Piñeiro-Fernández J, Monte-Secades R, Testa-Fernández A, Ventura-Valcárcel P. Study of cardiac structure and function assessed by echocardiography in patients older than 100 years. Eur Geriatr Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurger.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Lee HC, Lin HT, Ke LY, Wei C, Hsiao YL, Chu CS, Lai WT, Shin SJ, Chen CH, Sheu SH, Wu BN. VLDL from Metabolic Syndrome Individuals Enhanced Lipid Accumulation in Atria with Association of Susceptibility to Atrial Fibrillation. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17010134. [PMID: 26805814 PMCID: PMC4730373 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a cluster of metabolic derangements. Dyslipidemia is an important factor in MetS and is related to atrial fibrillation (AF). We hypothesized that very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) in MetS (MetS-VLDL) may induce atrial dilatation and vulnerability to AF. VLDL was therefore separated from normal (normal-VLDL) and MetS individuals. Wild type C57BL/6 male mice were divided into control, normal-VLDL (nVLDL), and MetS-VLDL (msVLDL) groups. VLDL (15 µg/g) and equivalent volumes of saline were injected via tail vein three times a week for six consecutive weeks. Cardiac chamber size and function were measured by echocardiography. MetS-VLDL significantly caused left atrial dilation (control, n = 10, 1.64 ± 0.23 mm; nVLDL, n = 7, 1.84 ± 0.13 mm; msVLDL, n = 10, 2.18 ± 0.24 mm; p < 0.0001) at week 6, associated with decreased ejection fraction (control, n = 10, 62.5% ± 7.7%, vs. msVLDL, n = 10, 52.9% ± 9.6%; p < 0.05). Isoproterenol-challenge experiment resulted in AF in young msVLDL mice. Unprovoked AF occurred only in elderly msVLDL mice. Immunohistochemistry showed excess lipid accumulation and apoptosis in msVLDL mice atria. These findings suggest a pivotal role of VLDL in AF pathogenesis for MetS individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Chun Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Ting Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Liang-Yin Ke
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chi Wei
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Lin Hsiao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Sheng Chu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Ter Lai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Shyi-Jang Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chu-Huang Chen
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Vascular and Medicinal Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- New York Heart Research Foundation, Mineola, NY 11501, USA.
- Lipid and Glycoimmune Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Hsiung Sheu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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33
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Forman K, Vara E, García C, Kireev R, Cuesta S, Acuña-Castroviejo D, Tresguerres JAF. Influence of aging and growth hormone on different members of the NFkB family and IkB expression in the heart from a murine model of senescence-accelerated aging. Exp Gerontol 2016; 73:114-20. [PMID: 26581911 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is related to several pathological processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the protein expression of the different subunits of the nuclear factor Kappa b (NFkBp65, p50, p105, p52, p100) and the protein expressions of IkB beta and alpha in the hearts from a murine model of accelerated aging (SAM model) by Western blot. In addition, the translocation of some isoforms of NFkB from cytosol to nuclei (NFkBp65, p50, p52) and ATP level content was studied. In addition we investigated the effect of the chronic administration of growth hormone (GH) on these age-related parameters. SAMP8 and SAMR1 mice of 2 and 10 months of age were used (n = 30). Animals were divided into five experimental groups: 2 old untreated (SAMP8/SAMR1), 2 young control (SAMP8/SAMR1) and one GH treated-old groups (SAMP8). Age-related changes were found in the studied parameters. We were able to see decreases of ATP level contents and the translocation of the nuclear factor kappa B p50, p52 and p65 from cytosol to nuclei in old SAMP8 mice together with a decrease of IKB proteins. However p100 and p105 did not show differences with aging. No significant changes were recorded in SAMR1 animals. GH treatment showed beneficial effects in old SAMP8 mice inducing an increase in ATP levels and inhibiting the translocation of some NFkB subunits such as p52. Our results supported the relation of NFkB activation with enhanced apoptosis and pro-inflammatory status in old SAMP8 mice and suggested a selective beneficial effect of the GH treatment, which was able to partially reduce the incidence of some deleterious changes in the heart of those mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Forman
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Chile; Department of Physiology, Medical School, University Complutense of Madrid, Spain
| | - E Vara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, University Complutense of Madrid, Spain
| | - C García
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, University Complutense of Madrid, Spain
| | - R Kireev
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University Complutense of Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Vigo (IBIV), Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Vigo, SERGAS, Spain
| | - S Cuesta
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University Complutense of Madrid, Spain
| | - D Acuña-Castroviejo
- Institute of Biotechnology, Center of Biomedical Investigation, Health Sciences Technology Park, University of Granada, Spain
| | - J A F Tresguerres
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University Complutense of Madrid, Spain
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Song YG, Byun JH, Hwang SY, Kim CW, Shim SG. Use of vertebral body units to locate the cavoatrial junction for optimum central venous catheter tip positioning. Br J Anaesth 2015; 115:252-7. [PMID: 26170349 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aev218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central venous catheter (CVC) placement plays an important role in clinical practice; however, optimal positioning of the CVC tip remains a controversial issue. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of vertebral body unit (VBUs), to locate the cavoatrial junction (CAJ), for optimal CVC tip placement based on chest radiography (CXR) using the carina as a landmark. METHODS 524 patients who underwent coronary computed tomographic angiography (CTA) and CXR were included. The position of the CAJ was identified using VBUs, and the efficacy of VBUs for locating the CAJ with the carina as a landmark was analysed using multiple regression analysis. A VBU was defined as the distance between two adjacent vertebral bodies, including the inter-vertebral disk space. RESULTS The mean (sd) distance from the carina to the superior CAJ was 54.3 (9.7) mm on CTA; the mean distance in VBUs at the level of the carina was 21.4 (1.7) mm on CTA and 22.6 (2.1) mm on CXR. The mean CAJ position was 2.5 VBUs below the carina on CTA and 2.4 VBUs below on CXR with 95% limits of agreement between -0.6 and +0.3. CONCLUSIONS The position of the CVC tip in relation to the carina can be described using the thoracic spine as an internal ruler, and the position of the CAJ in adults was reliably estimated to be 2.4 VBUs below the carina. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION KCT0001319.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y G Song
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Changwon, South Korea
| | - J H Byun
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Changwon, South Korea
| | - S Y Hwang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Changwon, South Korea
| | - C W Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Changwon, South Korea
| | - S G Shim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Changwon, South Korea
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Abstract
A growing body of literature suggests that regular exercise among older individuals regardless of the degree of frailty, with or without underlying chronic disease, may attenuate the consequences of age-related changes on exercise capacity. The purpose of this article is to review the effects of age-related changes on exercise capacity and the benefits of prescribing exercise to older persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P. Akerman
- Memorial University of Newfoundland-Labrador, Newfoundland, Canada (JPA)
- Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (GAH, RSM)
- Research Institute for Aging, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada (GAH)
| | - George A. Heckman
- Memorial University of Newfoundland-Labrador, Newfoundland, Canada (JPA)
- Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (GAH, RSM)
- Research Institute for Aging, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada (GAH)
| | - Robert S. McKelvie
- Memorial University of Newfoundland-Labrador, Newfoundland, Canada (JPA)
- Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (GAH, RSM)
- Research Institute for Aging, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada (GAH)
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Abstract
The microRNAs and microRNA clusters have been implicated in normal cardiac development and also disease, including cardiac hypertrophy, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and arrhythmias. Since a microRNA cluster has from two to dozens of microRNAs, the expression of a microRNA cluster could have a substantial impact on its target genes. In the present study, the configuration and distribution of microRNA clusters in the mouse genome were examined at various inter-microRNA distances. Three important microRNA clusters that are significantly impacted during adult cardiac aging, the miR-17-92, miR-106a-363, and miR-106b-25, were also examined in terms of their genomic location, RNA transcript character, sequence homology, and their relationship with the corresponding microRNA families. Multiple microRNAs derived from the three clusters potentially target various protein components of the cdc42-SRF signaling pathway, which regulates cytoskeleton dynamics associated with cardiac structure and function. The data indicate that aging impacted the expression of both guide and passenger strands of the microRNA clusters; nutrient stress also affected the expression of the three microRNA clusters. The miR-17-92, miR-106a-363, and miR-106b-25 clusters are likely to impact the Cdc42-SRF signaling pathway and thereby affect cardiac morphology and function during pathological conditions and the aging process.
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Paredes SD, Forman KA, García C, Vara E, Escames G, Tresguerres JAF. Protective actions of melatonin and growth hormone on the aged cardiovascular system. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2015; 18:79-88. [PMID: 25390004 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2014-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies indicate that certain aspects of lifestyle and genetics act as risk factors for a variety of cardiovascular disorders, including coronary disease, hypertension, heart failure and stroke. Aging, however, appears to be the major contributor for morbidity and mortality of the impaired cardiovascular system. Growth hormone (GH) and melatonin seem to prevent cardiac aging, as they contribute to the recovery of several physiological parameters affected by age. These hormones exhibit antioxidant properties and decrease oxidative stress and apoptosis. This paper summarizes a set of studies related to the potential role that therapy with GH and melatonin may play in the protection of the altered cardiac function due to aging, with a focus on experiments performed in our laboratory using the senescence-accelerated mouse as an aging model. In general, we observed significantly increased inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis markers in hearts from senescence-accelerated prone 10-month-old animals compared to 2-month-old controls, while anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic markers as well as endothelial nitric oxide synthase were decreased. Senescence-accelerated resistant animals showed no significant changes with age. GH or melatonin treatment prevented the age-dependent cardiac alterations observed in the senescence-accelerated prone group. Combined administration of GH plus melatonin reduced the age-related changes in senescence-accelerated prone hearts in an additive fashion that was different to that displayed when administered alone. GH and melatonin may be potential agents for counteracting oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation in the aging heart.
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Novier A, Diaz-Granados JL, Matthews DB. Alcohol use across the lifespan: An analysis of adolescent and aged rodents and humans. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 133:65-82. [PMID: 25842258 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence and old age are unique periods of the lifespan characterized by differential sensitivity to the effects of alcohol. Adolescents and the elderly appear to be more vulnerable to many of alcohol's physiological and behavioral effects compared to adults. The current review explores the differential effects of acute alcohol, predominantly in terms of motor function and cognition, in adolescent and aged humans and rodents. Adolescents are less sensitive to the sedative-hypnotic, anxiolytic, and motor-impairing effects of acute alcohol, but research results are less consistent as it relates to alcohol's effects on cognition. Specifically, previous research has shown adolescents to be more, less, and similarly sensitive to alcohol-induced cognitive deficits compared to adults. These equivocal findings suggest that learning acquisition may be differentially affected by ethanol compared to memory, or that ethanol-induced cognitive deficits are task-dependent. Older rodents appear to be particularly vulnerable to the motor- and cognitive-impairing effects of acute alcohol relative to younger adults. Given that alcohol consumption and abuse is prevalent throughout the lifespan, it is important to recognize age-related differences in response to acute and long-term alcohol. Unfortunately, diagnostic measures and treatment options for alcohol dependence are rarely dedicated to adolescent and aging populations. As discussed, although much scientific advancement has been made regarding the differential effects of alcohol between adolescents and adults, research with the aged is underrepresented. Future researchers should be aware that adolescents and the aged are uniquely affected by alcohol and should continue to investigate alcohol's effects at different stages of maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelle Novier
- Baylor University, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, One Bear Place #97334, Waco, TX 76798, United States
| | - Jaime L Diaz-Granados
- Baylor University, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, One Bear Place #97334, Waco, TX 76798, United States
| | - Douglas B Matthews
- Baylor University, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, One Bear Place #97334, Waco, TX 76798, United States; University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire, Department of Psychology, HHH 273, Eau Claire, WI 54702, United States.
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The changes in cardiac physiology with aging and the implications for the treating oncologist. J Geriatr Oncol 2015; 6:178-84. [PMID: 25758027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The link between cancer, cardiovascular disease, and aging is well documented. In this review, we highlight the physiologic and pathologic changes associated with the cardiovascular aging process, the role they play when interfaced with various cancer therapies and the implications for the treating oncologist.
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Franzini M, Lorenzoni V, Masotti S, Prontera C, Chiappino D, Latta DD, Daves M, Deluggi I, Zuin M, Ferrigno L, Mele A, Marcucci F, Caserta CA, Surace P, Messineo A, Turchetti G, Passino C, Emdin M, Clerico A. The calculation of the cardiac troponin T 99th percentile of the reference population is affected by age, gender, and population selection: a multicenter study in Italy. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 438:376-81. [PMID: 25239669 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to determine the 99th upper-reference limit (URL) for cardiac troponin T (cTnT) in Italian apparently healthy subjects. METHODS The reference population was selected from 5 cities: Bolzano (n=290), Milano (CAMELIA-Study, n=287), Montignoso (MEHLP-Study, n=306), Pisa (n=182), and Reggio Calabria (MAREA-Study, n=535). Subjects having cardiac/systemic acute/chronic diseases were excluded. Participants to MEHLP project underwent cardiac imaging investigation. High-sensitive cTnT was measured with Cobas-e411 (Roche Diagnostics). RESULTS We enrolled 1600 healthy subjects [54.6% males; age range 10-90years; mean (SD): 36.4 (21.2) years], including 34.6% aged <20years, 54.5% between 20 and 64years, and 10.9% over 65years. In the youngest the 99th URL was 10.9ng/L in males and 6.8ng/L in females; in adults 23.2ng/L and 10.2ng/L; and in elderly 36.8ng/L and 28.6ng/L. After the exclusion of outliers the 99th URL values were significantly decreased (P<0.05) in particular those of the oldest (13.8ng/L and 14ng/L). MEHLP participants were divided in healthy and asymptomatic, according to known cardiovascular risk factors (HDL, LDL, glucose, C-reactive protein): the 99th URL of cTnT values of these subgroups was significantly different (19.5 vs. 22.7, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS 99th URL of cTnT values was strongly affected by age, gender, selection of subjects and the statistical evaluation of outliers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Franzini
- Scuola Superiora Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy; Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Massimo Daves
- Clinical Biochemical Laboratory, San Maurizio Regional Hospital, Bolzano, ltaly
| | - Irene Deluggi
- Clinical Biochemical Laboratory, San Maurizio Regional Hospital, Bolzano, ltaly
| | - Massimo Zuin
- Department of lnternal Medicine and Liver Unit, School of Medicine San Paolo, University of Milan, Milan, ltaly
| | - Luigina Ferrigno
- Centro Nazionale di Epidemiologia, Sorveglianza e Promozione della Salute, Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Roma, Italy
| | - Alfonso Mele
- Centro Nazionale di Epidemiologia, Sorveglianza e Promozione della Salute, Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Roma, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aldo Clerico
- Scuola Superiora Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy; Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
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Ye Y, Li D, Ouyang D, Deng L, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Li Y. MicroRNA expression in the aging mouse thymus. Gene 2014; 547:218-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Loffredo FS, Nikolova AP, Pancoast JR, Lee RT. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: molecular pathways of the aging myocardium. Circ Res 2014; 115:97-107. [PMID: 24951760 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.302929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Age-related diastolic dysfunction is a major factor in the epidemic of heart failure. In patients hospitalized with heart failure, HFpEF is now as common as heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. We now have many successful treatments for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, while specific treatment options for HFpEF patients remain elusive. The lack of treatments for HFpEF reflects our very incomplete understanding of this constellation of diseases. There are many pathophysiological factors in HFpEF, but aging appears to play an important role. Here, we propose that aging of the myocardium is itself a specific pathophysiological process. New insights into the aging heart, including hormonal controls and specific molecular pathways, such as microRNAs, are pointing to myocardial aging as a potentially reversible process. While the overall process of aging remains mysterious, understanding the molecular pathways of myocardial aging has never been more important. Unraveling these pathways could lead to new therapies for the enormous and growing problem of HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco S Loffredo
- From the Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Brigham Regenerative Medicine Center, Cambridge, MA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA; and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Andriana P Nikolova
- From the Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Brigham Regenerative Medicine Center, Cambridge, MA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA; and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - James R Pancoast
- From the Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Brigham Regenerative Medicine Center, Cambridge, MA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA; and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Richard T Lee
- From the Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Brigham Regenerative Medicine Center, Cambridge, MA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA; and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA.
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Choudhury K, Clark J, Griffiths HR. An almond-enriched diet increases plasma α-tocopherol and improves vascular function but does not affect oxidative stress markers or lipid levels. Free Radic Res 2014; 48:599-606. [PMID: 24555818 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.896458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vascular dysfunction is one of the major causes of cardiovascular (CV) mortality and increases with age. Epidemiological studies suggest that Mediterranean diets and high nut consumption reduce CV disease risk and mortality while increasing plasma α-tocopherol. Therefore, we have investigated whether almond supplementation can improve oxidative stress markers and CV risk factors over 4 weeks in young and middle-aged men. Healthy middle-aged men (56 ± 5.8 years), healthy young men (22.1 ± 2.9 years) and young men with two or more CV risk factors (27.3 ± 5 years) consumed 50 g almond/day for 4 weeks. A control group maintained habitual diets over the same period. Plasma α-tocopherol/cholesterol ratios were not different between groups at baseline and were significantly elevated by almond intervention with 50 g almond/day for 4 weeks (p < 0.05). Plasma protein oxidation and nitrite levels were not different between groups whereas, total-, HDL- and LDL-cholesterols and triglycerides were significantly higher in healthy middle-aged and young men with CV risk factors but were not affected by intake. In the almond-consuming groups, flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) improved and systolic blood pressure reduced significantly after 50 g almonds/day for 4 weeks, but diastolic blood pressure reduced only in healthy men. In conclusion, a short-term almond-enriched diet can increase plasma α-tocopherol and improve vascular function in asymptomatic healthy men aged between 20 and 70 years without any effect on plasma lipids or markers of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Choudhury
- Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing Life, and Health Sciences, Aston University , Birmingham , UK
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Codreanu I, Pegg TJ, Selvanayagam JB, Robson MD, Rider OJ, Dasanu CA, Jung BA, Taggart DP, Golding SJ, Clarke K, Holloway CJ. Normal values of regional and global myocardial wall motion in young and elderly individuals using navigator gated tissue phase mapping. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:231-241. [PMID: 23604860 PMCID: PMC3889897 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-013-9535-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate normal values for regional and global myocardial wall motion parameters in young and elderly individuals, as detected by navigator gated high temporal resolution tissue phase mapping. Radial, longitudinal and circumferential ventricular wall motion, as well as ventricular torsion and longitudinal strain rates, were assessed in two age groups of volunteers, 23 ± 3 (n = 14) and 66 ± 7 years old (n = 9), respectively. All subjects were healthy, non-smokers without known cardiac disease. An increased global left ventricular (LV) torsion rate (peak systolic torsion rate 20.6 ± 2.0 versus 14.5 ± 1.0°/s/cm, peak diastolic torsion rate -25.2 ± 1.8 versus -14.1 ± 1.3°/s/cm) and a decrease in longitudinal LV motion (peak systolic values at mid-ventricle 5.9 ± 0.5 versus 8.5 ± 0.8 cm/s, peak diastolic values -10.7 ± 0.7 versus -15.2 ± 0.9 cm/s) in the older age group were the most prominent findings. Lower peak diastolic radial velocities with a longer time-to-peak values, most pronounced at the apex, are consistent with reduced diastolic function with ageing. Lower peak clockwise and counter-clockwise velocities at all LV levels revealed limitations in resting LV rotational motions in the older group. Significant changes in the undulating pattern of the rotational motions of the left ventricle were also observed. The results demonstrate distinct changes in regional and global myocardial wall motion in elderly individuals. Increased LV torsion rate and reduced LV longitudinal motion were particularly prominent in the older group. These parameters may have a role in the assessment of global LV contractility and help differentiate age-related changes from cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion Codreanu
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK,
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Zhao X, Bian Y, Sun Y, Li L, Wang L, Zhao C, Shen Y, Song Q, Qu Y, Niu S, Wu W, Gao F. Effects of moderate exercise over different phases on age-related physiological dysfunction in testes of SAMP8 mice. Exp Gerontol 2013; 48:869-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Garzillo CL, Hueb W, Gersh BJ, Lima EG, Rezende PC, Hueb AC, Vieira RD, Favarato D, Pereira AC, Soares PR, Serrano CV, Ramires JAF, Kalil Filho R. Long-term analysis of left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with stable multivessel coronary disease undergoing medicine, angioplasty or surgery: 10-year follow-up of the MASS II trial. Eur Heart J 2013; 34:3370-7. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Heffner KL, Devereux PG, Ng HM, Borchardt AR, Quigley KS. Older adults' hemodynamic responses to an acute emotional stressor: short report. Exp Aging Res 2013; 39:162-78. [PMID: 23421637 DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2013.761547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND/STUDY CONTEXT: Vascular and myocardial activation can each increase blood pressure responses to stressors, but vascular responses are uniquely associated with negative affect, pernicious coping processes, and cardiovascular risk. These hemodynamic correlates of coping in response to acute stressors have not been well characterized in older adults. METHODS Adults 65 to 97 years of age (N = 74) either engaged in written disclosure about a distressing event (acute stressor) or wrote objectively about a neutral topic (control). Blood pressure, impedance cardiography, and affect measures were assessed at baseline and in response to writing. Moderating effects of age on affect, blood pressure, and vascular and myocardial responses to the acute stressor were tested using multiple linear regression models. RESULTS Follow-up tests of Age × Writing Group interactions indicated that the expected effects of written disclosure on systolic and diastolic blood pressure responses were diminished with increasing age. Regardless of age, compared with neutral writing, written disclosure increased negative affect and vascular responses, but not myocardial responses. CONCLUSION Blood pressure responses to an acute, emotionally evocative stressor were indistinguishable from blood pressure responses to a control condition among the eldest older adults in our sample. In contrast, characterizing the hemodynamic mechanisms of blood pressure responses revealed notable vascular effects of the acute, emotional stressor across a wide age range. Such characterization may be particularly useful for clarifying the psychophysiological pathways to older adults' cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathi L Heffner
- The Rochester Center for Mind-Body Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
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Locks RR, Ribas DIR, Wachholz PA, Gomes ARS. Efeitos do treinamento aeróbio e resistido nas respostas cardiovasculares de idosos ativos. FISIOTERAPIA EM MOVIMENTO 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0103-51502012000300010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Verificar os efeitos da associação do treinamento aeróbio e resistido nas respostas cardiovasculares de idosos. MÉTODOS: Onze sujeitos (ambos os gêneros, 70 ± 5 anos) realizaram, duas vezes por semana, caminhada e exercícios resistidos para membros inferiores por 12 semanas. As avaliações foram realizadas antes, a cada quatro semanas de treinamento e após quatro semanas de destreinamento, por meio do teste de seis minutos de caminhada e aferição de pressão arterial (PA) e frequência cardíaca (FC) antes, imediatamente após e no quinto e décimo minutos subsequentes ao teste. Os resultados foram comparados pelo teste Wilcoxon (p ≤ 0,05). RESULTADOS: Quatro semanas de treinamento promoveram redução da PA sistólica e diastólica em repouso (120 ± 16 mmHg vs. 138 ± 20 mmHg, p = 0,01; 70 ± 9 mmHg vs. 84 ± 10 mmHg, p = 0,007, respectivamente) e redução da PA diastólica imediatamente após o teste (78 ± 12 mmHg vs. 86 ± 9 mmHg, p = 0,01), que persistiu após dez minutos do esforço submáximo, quando comparadas ao pré-treino. Após 12 semanas, houve aumento da distância percorrida (555 ± 65m vs. 514 ± 100 m, p = 0,04) quando comparado ao pré-treino e recuperação dos valores de repouso da FC dez minutos após o esforço. CONCLUSÃO: A associação do treinamento aeróbio e resistido, em apenas quatro semanas, promoveu adaptações cardiovasculares eficientes na redução da PA sistólica e diastólica. Após 12 semanas, houve aumento da resistência à caminhada submáxima e recuperação dos valores em repouso da FC. Mesmo com o destreinamento, todos os resultados, exceto a FC, foram mantidos.
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Kawel N, Nacif M, Zavodni A, Jones J, Liu S, Sibley CT, Bluemke DA. T1 mapping of the myocardium: intra-individual assessment of the effect of field strength, cardiac cycle and variation by myocardial region. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2012; 14:27. [PMID: 22548832 PMCID: PMC3424109 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-14-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial T1 relaxation time (T1 time) and extracellular volume fraction (ECV) are altered in the presence of myocardial fibrosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate acquisition factors that may result in variation of measured T1 time and ECV including magnetic field strength, cardiac phase and myocardial region. METHODS 31 study subjects were enrolled and underwent one cardiovascular MR exam at 1.5 T and two exams at 3 T, each on separate days. A Modified Look-Locker Inversion Recovery (MOLLI) sequence was acquired before and 5, 10, 12, 20, 25 and 30 min after administration of 0.15 mmol/kg gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA; Magnevist) at 1.5 T (exam 1). For exam 2, MOLLI sequences were acquired at 3 T both during diastole and systole, before and after administration of Gd-DTPA (0.15 mmol/kg Magnevist).Exam 3 was identical to exam 2 except gadobenate dimeglumine was administered (Gd-BOPTA; 0.1 mmol/kg Multihance). T1 times were measured in myocardium and blood. ECV was calculated by (ΔR1myocardium/ΔR1blood)*(1-hematocrit). RESULTS Before gadolinium, T1 times of myocardium and blood were significantly greater at 3 T versus 1.5 T (28% and 31% greater, respectively, p < 0.001); after gadolinium, 3 T values remained greater than those at 1.5 T (14% and 12% greater for myocardium and blood at 3 T with Gd-DTPA, respectively, p < 0.0001 and 18% and 15% greater at 3 T with Gd-BOPTA, respectively, p < 0.0001). However, ECV did not vary significantly with field strength when using the same contrast agent at equimolar dose (p = 0.2). Myocardial T1 time was 1% shorter at systole compared to diastole pre-contrast and 2% shorter at diastole compared to systole post-contrast (p < 0.01). ECV values were greater during diastole compared to systole on average by 0.01 (p < 0.01 to p < 0.0001). ECV was significantly higher for the septum compared to the non-septal myocardium for all three exams (p < 0.0001-0.01) with mean absolute differences of 0.01, 0.004, and 0.07, respectively, for exams 1, 2 and 3. CONCLUSION ECV is similar at field strengths of 1.5 T and 3 T. Due to minor variations in T1 time and ECV during the cardiac cycle and in different myocardial regions, T1 measurements should be obtained at the same cardiac phase and myocardial region in order to obtain consistent results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Kawel
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences and Molecular Biomedical Imaging Laboratory, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marcelo Nacif
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences and Molecular Biomedical Imaging Laboratory, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anna Zavodni
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences and Molecular Biomedical Imaging Laboratory, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jacquin Jones
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences and Molecular Biomedical Imaging Laboratory, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Songtao Liu
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences and Molecular Biomedical Imaging Laboratory, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Bethesda, MD, USA
- National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1074, USA
| | - Christopher T Sibley
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences and Molecular Biomedical Imaging Laboratory, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David A Bluemke
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences and Molecular Biomedical Imaging Laboratory, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Bethesda, MD, USA
- National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1074, USA
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Zhang X, Azhar G, Wei JY. The expression of microRNA and microRNA clusters in the aging heart. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34688. [PMID: 22529925 PMCID: PMC3329493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microRNAs have been implicated in the process of cardiac development, cardiac hypertrophy, and heart failure. However, the impact of adult aging on cardiac expression of miRNA clusters, as well as both miRNA guide (miR) and passenger (miR*) strands has not been well established. METHODS/RESULTS We explored the expression profile of both miR and miR* in the hearts of young adult versus old mice. We found that 65 miRNAs were differentially expressed in the old versus young adult hearts; approximately half of them were clustered miRNAs that were distributed in 11 miRNA clusters. Each miRNA cluster contained from 2 to as many as 71 miRNA genes. The majority of the clusters displayed similar expression, with most cluster members within a cluster being either increased or decreased together, suggesting that most clusters are likely to be regulated by a common signaling mechanism and that the combined expression of multiple miRNA genes in a cluster could pose an impact on a broad range of targets during aging. We also found age-related changes in the expression of miR*s. The expression of both miR and miR* correlated with that of pri-miRNA transcript over the time course from development and maturation through adult aging. Age-related changes in the expression of Ago1 and Ago2 proteins in the heart were also observed. Transfection assay revealed that both Ago1 and Ago2 synergistically induced miR-21 and miR-21* when the mir-21 plasmid was co-transfected with either. CONCLUSION The data revealed age-related changes in the expression of pri-miRNA transcript, Argonaut proteins and both miR and miR* strands. The major changes occurred later in life, from middle to old age. It is likely that the expression of miR and miR* is regulated by both pri-miRNA transcription as well as Ago1 and Ago2 proteins during adult aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeanne Y. Wei
- Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatrics, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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