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Liu K, Liang C, Lv H, Yao X, Li X, Ding J, Chen N, Wang S, Liu W, Hu X, Wang J, Yin H. Photocatalytic degradation of butyl benzyl phthalate by S-scheme Bi/Bi 2O 2CO 3/Bi 2S 3 under simulated sunlight irradiation. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:141046. [PMID: 38154674 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.141046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
As a kind of plasticizer, butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) presents a serious hazard to the ecosystem. Therefore, there is a strong need for an effective technique to eliminate the risk of BBP. In this work, a new photocatalyst of Bi/Bi2O2CO3/Bi2S3 with an S-scheme heterojunction was synthesized using Bi(NO3)3 as the Bi source, Na2S as the S source, and DMF as the carbon source and reductant. Numerous techniques have been used to characterize Bi/Bi2O2CO3/Bi2S3, such as scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The improved photoactivity of Bi/Bi2O2CO3/Bi2S3 was evaluated by photoelectrochemical response, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, photoluminescence, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and electrochemical Mott Schottky spectroscopy. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of this composite for BBP degradation under simulated sunlight irradiation could be attributed to the surface plasmon resonance effect of Bi metal and the heterojunction structure of Bi2O2CO3 and Bi2S3. The degradation rate of Bi/Bi2O2CO3/Bi2S3 was 85%, which was 4.52 and 1.52 times that of Bi2O2CO3 and Bi2S3, respectively. The prepared photocatalyst possessed good stability and reproducibility in eliminating BBP. The improved photocatalytic activity of Bi/Bi2O2CO3/Bi2S3 was demonstrated with the formation of an S-scheme heterojunction, and the degradation mechanism was discussed with a liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexue Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, PR China
| | - Chunliu Liang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Huijuan Lv
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Xiangfeng Yao
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Xianxu Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Jia Ding
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Na Chen
- Ningyang Environmental Monitoring Centre, 271400, Ningyang, Tai'an, Shandong, PR China
| | - Suo Wang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, PR China
| | - Wenrong Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Xue Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China.
| | - Huanshun Yin
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, PR China.
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Becky Miriyam I, Anbalagan K, Magesh Kumar M. Phthalates removal from wastewater by different methods - a review. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 85:2581-2600. [PMID: 35576254 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate esters are commonly used as plasticizers to improve the durability and workability of polymeric materials, locating and identifying them in various contexts has become a major challenge. Because of their ubiquitous use in plastic packaging and personal care items, as well as their tendency to leach out of these materials, phthalates have been detected in a variety of aquatic situations, including surface water, groundwater, drinking water, and wastewater. Phthalate esters have been shown to affect reproductive health and physical growth by disrupting the endocrine system. As a result, developing energy-efficient and effective technologies to eliminate these harmful substances from the atmosphere has become more important and urgent. This paper examines the existing techniques for treating phthalates and degradation mechanisms, as well as knowledge gaps and future research directions. These technologies include adsorption, electrochemical, photocatalysis, membrane filtration and microbial degradation. Adsorption and photo catalysis are the most widely used techniques for phthalate removal, according to the literature survey papers.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Becky Miriyam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India E-mail:
| | - K Anbalagan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India E-mail:
| | - M Magesh Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India E-mail:
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Zhang Y, Yu H, Li S, Wang L, Huang F, Guan R, Li J, Jiao Y, Sun J. Rapidly degradation of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate by Z-scheme Bi 2O 3/TiO 2@reduced graphene oxide driven by simulated solar radiation. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 272:129631. [PMID: 33485039 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a priority environmental pollutant with carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic toxicity. Because it is widely used and ubiquitous in water, it is urgent to use a non-toxic, fast, and non-temperature dependent photocatalyst for degradation. Herein, a Z-scheme heterojunction composite catalyst consisting of Bi2O3 and TiO2 with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as a two-dimensional template was designed and characterized. Under simulated solar radiation, the catalyst doped with 4% rGO presented the best photocatalytic DEHP (10 mg L-1) degradation at pH = 6, reaching 89% conversion in 90 min, and the degradation rate was 2.05 times higher than unmodified materials. The successful preparation of the Z-scheme junction enhanced the utilization of visible light region, thereby improving the DEHP's photocatalytic degradation performance. Subsequently, density functional theory (DFT) combined with GC-MS metabolite detection to propose a complete DEHP photocatalytic degradation mechanism. ·O2- and ·OH were detected as the primary reactive oxygen radicals involved in DEHP degradation, which easily attacked the O11 site with a high Fukui index (f0) through de-esterification, β-oxidation, and hydroxylation. While satisfying the rapid degradation, the highly repeatable catalyst cleaved the aromatic ring so that DEHP achieved mineralization during the degradation process. Therefore, its ability to completely degrade was very promising for environmental remediation, especially in water treatment. Besides, there were only a few studies on the degradation mechanism and reaction pathway of DEHP under visible light, which provided a theoretical basis for the aromatic compounds' photocatalysis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Shenzhen Key Lab of Industrial Water Conservation & Municipal Sewage Resources Technology, School of Construction & Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
| | - Hui Yu
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Shaofeng Li
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Industrial Water Conservation & Municipal Sewage Resources Technology, School of Construction & Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Fuxin Huang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Rui Guan
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Jin Li
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yaqi Jiao
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Jian Sun
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Industrial Water Conservation & Municipal Sewage Resources Technology, School of Construction & Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
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Zolfaghari M, Drogui P, Brar SK, Buelna G, Dubé R. Insight into the adsorption mechanisms of trace organic carbon on biological treatment process. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2017; 38:2324-2334. [PMID: 27825287 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1259355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The presence of recalcitrant dissolved organic matter (DOM) could have a significant effect on the adsorption mechanism and capacity of the sludge for many trace organic carbons (TrOCs). In this study, adsorption of three TrOCs on the sludge and HA was investigated. The results revealed that neutral hydrophilic compounds had an insignificant interaction with both sludge and HA. Positively charged compounds, such as fluoranthene, had more affinity toward HA than sludge with solid/liquid partitioning of 57 and 3.2 L/g, respectively. The adsorption intensity (Kf) of di-2-ethyl hexyl phthalate was 0.5 and 1.13 for the HA and the sludge, respectively. By introducing the sludge to the solution of HA and TrOCs that already reached equilibrium, the sludge adsorption capacity in the presence of HA was investigated. The finding showed that at the lower concentration, adsorption of HA on the sludge was considered as the main removal pathway for the adsorbed emerging contaminants, as 70 mg of HA was adsorbed by a gram of sludge. For the higher concentration, desorption of TrOCs from DOM into the sludge comprised 15-30% of total removal efficiency. ABBREVIATIONS CBZ: carbamazepine; DEHP: di-2-ethyl hexyl phthalate; DOM: dissolved organic matter; FLAN: fluoranthene; foc: fraction of organic carbon; HA: humic acid; Log Kow: octanol-water partition coefficient; PAH: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon TS: total solid; TrOCs: trace organic carbons VS: volatile solid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Zolfaghari
- a Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Eau, Terre et Environnement (INRS-ETS), Université du Québec , Québec , QC , Canada
| | - Patrick Drogui
- a Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Eau, Terre et Environnement (INRS-ETS), Université du Québec , Québec , QC , Canada
| | - Satinder Kaur Brar
- a Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Eau, Terre et Environnement (INRS-ETS), Université du Québec , Québec , QC , Canada
| | - Gerardo Buelna
- b Centre de Recherche Industrielle du Québec (CRIQ) , Québec , QC , Canada
| | - Rino Dubé
- b Centre de Recherche Industrielle du Québec (CRIQ) , Québec , QC , Canada
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Zolfaghari M, Drogui P, Seyhi B, Brar SK, Buelna G, Dubé R. Occurrence, fate and effects of Di (2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate in wastewater treatment plants: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 194:281-293. [PMID: 25091800 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates, such as Di (2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP) are compounds extensively used as plasticizer for long time around the world. Due to the extensive usage, DEHP is found in many surface waters (0.013-18.5 μg/L), wastewaters (0.716-122 μg/L), landfill leachate (88-460 μg/L), sludge (12-1250 mg/kg), soil (2-10 mg/kg). DEHP is persistent in the environment and the toxicity of the byproducts resulting from the degradation of DEHP sometime exacerbates the parent compound toxicity. Water/Wastewater treatment processes might play a key role in delivering safe, reliable supplies of water to households, industry and in safeguarding the quality of water in rivers, lakes and aquifers. This review addresses state of knowledge concerning the worldwide production, occurrence, fate and effects of DEHP in the environment. Moreover, the fate and behavior of DEHP in various treatment processes, including biological, physicochemical and advanced processes are reviewed and comparison (qualitative and quantitative) has been done between the processes. The trends and perspectives for treatment of wastewaters contaminated by DEHP are also analyzed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zolfaghari
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS-Eau, Terre et Environnement), Université du Québec, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - P Drogui
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS-Eau, Terre et Environnement), Université du Québec, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - B Seyhi
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS-Eau, Terre et Environnement), Université du Québec, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - S K Brar
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS-Eau, Terre et Environnement), Université du Québec, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - G Buelna
- Industrial Research Center of Quebec, 333 rue Franquet, Québec, QC G1P 4C7, Canada
| | - R Dubé
- Industrial Research Center of Quebec, 333 rue Franquet, Québec, QC G1P 4C7, Canada
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Magdouli S, Daghrir R, Brar SK, Drogui P, Tyagi RD. Di 2-ethylhexylphtalate in the aquatic and terrestrial environment: a critical review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2013; 127:36-49. [PMID: 23681404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are being increasingly used as softeners-plasticizers to improve the plasticity and the flexibility of materials. Amongst the different plasticizers used, more attention is paid to di (2-ethylhexylphtalate) (DEHP), one of the most representative compounds as it exhibits predominant effects on environment and human health. Meanwhile, several questions related to its sources; toxicity, distribution and fate still remain unanswered. Most of the evidence until date suggests that DEHP is an omnipresent compound found in different ecological compartments and its higher hydrophobicity and low volatility have resulted in significant adsorption to solids matrix. In fact, there are important issues to be addressed with regard to the toxicity of this compound in both animals and humans, its behavior in different ecological systems, and the transformation products generated during different biological or advanced chemical treatments. This article presents detailed review of existing treatment schemes, research gaps and future trends related to DEHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Magdouli
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS-Eau Terre et Environnement), Université du Québec, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec City, Québec, Canada G1K 9A9.
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