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Bai X, Wang S, Shu L, Cao Q, Hu H, Zhu Y, Chen C. Hawthorn leaf flavonoids alleviate the deterioration of atherosclerosis by inhibiting SCAP-SREBP2-LDLR pathway through sPLA2-ⅡA signaling in macrophages in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 327:118006. [PMID: 38442806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hawthorn leaves are a combination of the dried leaves of the Rosaceae plants, i.e., Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. or Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. var. major N. E. Br., is primarily cultivated in East Asia, North America, and Europe. hawthorn leaf flavonoids (HLF) are the main part of extraction. The HLF have demonstrated potential in preventing hypertension, inflammation, hyperlipidemia, and atherosclerosis. However, the potential pharmacological mechanism behind its anti-atherosclerotic effect has yet to be explored. AIM OF THE STUDY The in vivo and in vitro effects of HLF on lipid-mediated foam cell formation were investigated, with a specific focus on the levels of secreted phospholipase A2 type IIA (sPLA2-II A) in macrophage cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The primary constituents of HLF were analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In vivo, HLF, at concentrations of 5 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, and 40 mg/kg, were administered to apolipoprotein E knockout mice (ApoE-/-) fed by high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. Aorta and serum samples were collected to identify lesion areas and lipids through mass spectrometry analysis to dissect the pathological process. RAW264.7 cells were incubated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) alone, or ox-LDL combined with different doses of HLF (100, 50, and 25 μg/ml), or ox-LDL plus 24-h sPLA2-IIA inhibitors, for cell biology analysis. Lipids and inflammatory cytokines were detected using biochemical analyzers and ELISA, while plaque size and collagen content of plaque were assessed by HE and the Masson staining of the aorta. The lipid deposition in macrophages was observed by Oil Red O staining. The expression of sPLA2-IIA and SCAP-SREBP2-LDLR was determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis. RESULTS The chemical profile of HLF was studied using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS, allowing the tentative identification of 20 compounds, comprising 1 phenolic acid, 9 flavonols and 10 flavones, including isovitexin, vitexin-4″-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-robibioside, rutin, vitexin-2″-O-rhamnoside, quercetin, etc. HLF decreased total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) levels in ApoE-/- mice (P < 0.05), reduced ox-LDL uptake, inhibited level of inflammatory factors, such as IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-1ꞵ (P < 0.001), and alleviated aortic plaques with a thicker fibrous cap. HLF effectively attenuated foam cell formation in ox-LDL-treated RAW264.7 macrophages, and reduced levels of intracellular TC, free cholesterol (FC), cholesteryl ester (CE), IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β (P < 0.001). In both in vivo and in vitro experiments, HLF significantly downregulated the expression of sPLA2-IIA, SCAP, SREBP2, LDLR, HMGCR, and LOX-1 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, sPLA2-IIA inhibitor effectively mitigated inflammatory release in RAW264.7 macrophages and regulated SCAP-SREBP2-LDLR signaling pathway by inhibiting sPLA2-IIA secretion (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION HLF exerted a protective effect against atherosclerosis through inhibiting sPLA2-IIA to diminish SCAP-SREBP2-LDLR signaling pathway, to reduce LDL uptake caused foam cell formation, and to slow down the progression of atherosclerosis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Bai
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Shuwen Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Limei Shu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Qingyu Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330052, China
| | - Huiming Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330052, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Quality Evaluation on Anti-Inflammatory Chinese Herbs, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi, 330052, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
| | - Yanchen Zhu
- College of Computer Science, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China.
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
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Wang L, Wang H, Niu J, Chen H, Wang M, Yang Z, Wang S, Sun X, Shi Y. Cholesterol-lowering effects of rhubarb free anthraquinones and their mechanism of action. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 966:176348. [PMID: 38286356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Rhubarb free anthraquinones (RhA) have significant lipid-regulating activity. However, whether RhA monomers have a role in lipid-regulating and their mechanism of action remains unclear. Based on the cholesterol accumulated HepG2 cell model, the cholesterol-regulating effect of RhA monomers and their combinations was investigated. The expression of sterol-regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP2), 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) and squalene monooxygenase (SQLE) of the model cells was analyzed to preliminarily explore the mechanism of action. After that, the liposomes of each active RhA monomer were separately prepared with the same lipid materials and the same preparation method so that each monomer has similar or equal bioavailability after oral administration to rats. Finally, the hypercholesterolemic rat model was established, and the effect of active RhA monomers loaded liposomes as well as their combinations on cholesterol-regulating was investigated and their mechanism of action was analyzed. The results showed that aloe-emodin, rhein and emodin were the main cholesterol-regulating components of RhA, and the combination of rhein and emodin showed significant cholesterol-lowering effect, which may be related to the expression of SREBP2, HMGCR and SQLE in the rat liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Wang
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 730000, China
| | - Haijiao Wang
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 730000, China
| | - Jingjing Niu
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 730000, China
| | - Honggang Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 730000, China
| | - Zhigang Yang
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 730000, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou University, 730000, China
| | - Shaohua Wang
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 730000, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou University, 730000, China
| | - Xiuxia Sun
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 730000, China
| | - Yanbin Shi
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 730000, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou University, 730000, China.
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Sangande F, Agustini K, Budipramana K. Antihyperlipidemic mechanisms of a formula containing Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Sechium edule, and Syzigium polyanthum: In silico and in vitro studies. Comput Biol Chem 2023; 105:107907. [PMID: 37392529 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2023.107907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Herbal medicines are multi-component and can exhibit synergistic effects in the treatment of diseases. Sechium edule, Syzigium polyanthum, and Curcuma xanthorrhiza have been used in traditional medicine to reduce serum lipid levels. However, the molecular mechanism was not described clearly, especially as a mixture. Thus, we performed a network pharmacology study combined with molecular docking to find a rational explanation regarding the molecular mechanisms of this antihyperlipidemic formula. According to the network pharmacology study, we predicted that this extract mixture would act as an antihyperlipidemic agent by modulating several pathways including insulin resistance, endocrine resistance, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. Based on the topology parameters, we identified 6 significant targets that play an important role in reducing lipid serum levels: HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARA), RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT1), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF). Meanwhile, 8 compounds: β-sitosterol, bisdesmethoxycurcumin, cucurbitacin D, cucurbitacin E, myricetin, phloretin, quercitrin, and rutin were the compounds with a high degree, indicating that these compounds have a multitarget effect. Our consensus docking study revealed that HMGCR was the only protein targeted by all potential compounds, and rutin was the compound with the best consensus docking score for almost all targets. The in vitro study revealed that the extract combination could inhibit HMGCR with an IC50 value of 74.26 µg/mL, indicating that HMGCR inhibition is one of its antihyperlipidemic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frangky Sangande
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science Center, Bogor 16915, Indonesia.
| | - Kurnia Agustini
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science Center, Bogor 16915, Indonesia
| | - Krisyanti Budipramana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surabaya, Surabaya 60293, Indonesia
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Augustynowicz D, Podolak M, Latté KP, Tomczyk M. New Perspectives for the Use of Potentilla alba Rhizomes to Treat Thyroid Gland Impairments. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:19-29. [PMID: 34715695 DOI: 10.1055/a-1663-6461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Potentilla alba is a valuable medicinal plant that has been highly praised even before its first appearance in herbal books; however, it has now been forgotten in Western Europe. Currently, this species is used in Eastern Europe as a remedy to treat dysentery and various thyroid gland dysfunctions. The present review summarizes the advances in the phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological research related to this plant species. Clinical trials that have been conducted to date support its traditional use for treating thyroid disorders, although its exact mechanism of action, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetics data are missing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Augustynowicz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Podolak
- Student's Scientific Association, Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | | | - Michał Tomczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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Trandafir LM, Dodi G, Frasinariu O, Luca AC, Butnariu LI, Tarca E, Moisa SM. Tackling Dyslipidemia in Obesity from a Nanotechnology Perspective. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183774. [PMID: 36145147 PMCID: PMC9504099 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and dyslipidemia are the main features of metabolic syndrome, expressed mainly by adipose tissue dysfunction and connected by similar pathways and pharmacotherapy. Conventional drugs used in these two associated disorders are limited due to poor drug efficiency, non-specificity, and toxic side effects. Therefore, novel solutions for tackling obesity-associated diseases and providing insights into the development of innovative or improved therapies are necessary. Targeted nanotherapy is a revolutionary technology, offering a promising solution for combatting the disadvantages of currently available therapies for treating obesity and dyslipidemia due to its superior features, which include specific cell targeting, the protection of drugs against physiological degradation, and sustained drug release. This review presents a brief assessment of obesity and dyslipidemia, their impacts on human health, current treatment, and limitations, and the role and potential use of nanotechnology coupled with targeted drug delivery and nutraceuticals as emerging therapies. To the best of our knowledge, this paper presents, for the first time in the literature, a comparison between obesity and dyslipidemia nano-formulations based on drugs and/or natural extracts applied in experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Trandafir
- Pediatrics Department, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gianina Dodi
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 700454 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (G.D.); (E.T.)
| | - Otilia Frasinariu
- Pediatrics Department, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alina C. Luca
- Pediatrics Department, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Lacramioara I. Butnariu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena Tarca
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (G.D.); (E.T.)
| | - Stefana M. Moisa
- Pediatrics Department, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Chemical Profiles and Antiobesity Effect of a Mixture of Astragalus membranaceus and Lithospermum erythrorhizon Extract in High Fat Diet Fed Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9642427. [PMID: 35990844 PMCID: PMC9391103 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9642427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the antiobesity potential and synergistic effects of ALM16, a mixture of Astragalus membranaceus (AM) and Lithospermum erythrorhizon (LE) extracts, in HFD-induced obese mice. C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), HFD + AM, HFD + LE or HFD + ALM16 (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) daily for 5 weeks. Compared to the ND group, HFD-fed mice showed significant increases in body weight, food efficiency ratio, weights of white adipose tissues, adipocytes size, liver weight, and hepatic steatosis grade. However, ALM16 significantly reduced those increases induced by HFD. Moreover, as compared to the HFD group, the ALM16 group significantly ameliorated serum levels of lipid profiles (TG, TC, HDL, and LDL), adipokines (leptin and adiponectin), and liver damage markers (AST and ALT levels). Notably, ALM16 was more effective than AM or LE alone and had a similar or more potent effect than Garcinia cambogia extracts, as a positive control, at the same dose. These results demonstrate that ALM16 synergistically exerts anti-obesity effects based on complementary interactions between each component. Also, metabolic profiling between each extract and the ALM16 was confirmed by UPLC-QTOF/MS, and the difference was confirmed by relative quantification.
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Rauf A, Akram M, Anwar H, Daniyal M, Munir N, Bawazeer S, Bawazeer S, Rebezov M, Bouyahya A, Shariati MA, Thiruvengadam M, Sarsembenova O, Mabkhot YN, Islam MN, Emran TB, Hodak S, Zengin G, Khan H. Therapeutic potential of herbal medicine for the management of hyperlipidemia: latest updates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:40281-40301. [PMID: 35320475 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19733-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia, the most common form of dyslipidemia, is the main source of cardiovascular disorders, characterized by elevated level of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in peripheral blood. It is caused by a defect in lipid metabolism in the surface of Apoprotein C-II or a defect in lipoprotein lipase activity as well as reported in genetic, dietary and environmental factors. Several electronic databases were investigated as information sources, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Semantic Scholar, MEDLINE and CNKI Scholar. The current review focused on the risk factors of dyslipidemia, synthetic medication with their side effects and different types of medicinal plants having significant potential for the management of hyperlipidemia. The management of hyperlipidemia mostly involves a constant decrease in lipid level using different remedial drugs like statin, fibrate, bile acid sequestrates and niacin. However, this extensive review suggested that the consequences of these drugs are arguable, due to their numerous adverse effects. The selected parts of herb plants are used intact or their extracts containing active phytoconstituents to regulate the lipids in blood level. It was also noted that the Chinese herbal medicine and combination therapy is promising for the lowering of hyperlipidemia. This review intends to provide a scientific base for future endeavors, such as in-depth biological and chemical investigations into previously researched topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar, 23430, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hina Anwar
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Daniyal
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation and Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Naveed Munir
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sami Bawazeer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 42, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Bawazeer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 42, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
- K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathology Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Genomic Center of Human Pathology, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | | | - Yahia N Mabkhot
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Nazmul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Sergey Hodak
- K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
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Zolfaghari N, Monajemi R, ShahaniPour K, Ahadi AM. Regulatory effects and anti‐inflammatory activity of
Trachyspermum ammi
(L.) Sprague seeds extract on alleviation of kidney injury in diabetic rats. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Najimeh Zolfaghari
- Department of Biochemistry Falavarjan Branch Islamic Azad University Isfahan Iran
| | - Ramesh Monajemi
- Department of Biology Falavarjan Branch Islamic Azad University Isfahan Iran
| | - Kahin ShahaniPour
- Department of Biochemistry Falavarjan Branch Islamic Azad University Isfahan Iran
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Natural and Synthetic Agents Targeting Reactive Carbonyl Species against Metabolic Syndrome. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27051583. [PMID: 35268685 PMCID: PMC8911959 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Reactive carbonyl species (RCS) may originate from the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids and sugar in conditions of pathology. They are known to have high reactivity towards DNA as well as nucleophilic sites of proteins, resulting in cellular dysfunction. It has been considered that various pathological conditions are associated with an increased level of RCS and their reaction products. Thus, regulating the levels of RCS may be associated with the mitigation of various metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders. In order to perform a comprehensive review, various literature databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, along with Google Scholar, were utilized to obtain relevant articles. The voluminous review concluded that various synthetic and natural agents are available or in pipeline research that hold tremendous potential to be used as a drug of choice in the therapeutic management of metabolic syndrome, including obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and diabetes-associated complications of atherosclerosis, neuropathy, and nephropathy. From the available data, it may be emphasized that various synthetic agents, such as carnosine and simvastatin, and natural agents, such as polyphenols and terpenoids, can become a drug of choice in the therapeutic management for combating metabolic syndromes that involve RCS in their pathophysiology. Since the RCS are known to regulate the biological processes, future research warrants detailed investigations to decipher the precise mechanism.
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Wu Y, Wang Z, Du Q, Zhu Z, Chen T, Xue Y, Wang Y, Zeng Q, Shen C, Jiang C, Liu L, Zhu H, Liu Q. Pharmacological Effects and Underlying Mechanisms of Licorice-Derived Flavonoids. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:9523071. [PMID: 35082907 PMCID: PMC8786487 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9523071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma is the most frequently prescribed natural medicine in China and has been used for more than 2,000 years. The flavonoids of licorice have garnered considerable attention in recent decades due to their structural diversity and myriad pharmacological effects, especially as novel therapeutic agents against inflammation and cancer. Although many articles have been published to summarize different pharmacological activities of licorice in recent years, the systematic summary for flavonoid components is not comprehensive. Therefore, in this review, we summarized the pharmacological and mechanistic data from recent researches on licorice flavonoids and their bioactive components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhuxian Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qunqun Du
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhaoming Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yaqi Xue
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Quanfu Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chunyan Shen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Cuiping Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hongxia Zhu
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510315, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Rahmouni F, Saoudi M, Rebai T. Therapeutics studies and biological properties of Teucrium polium (Lamiaceae). Biofactors 2021; 47:952-963. [PMID: 34850466 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Teucrium polium has been used in traditional medicine as antifungal, antipyretic, antispasmodic, and antibacterial. It is consumed by many jordanians for the treatment of many diseases. The effects of this plant have been investigated in kidney, liver, and brain. Its antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer effects have been introduced. Polyphenolic compound, flavonoids, monoterpenes, alkanoides, and essential oils were identified. Several studies revealed that this plant has a hypoglycemic effect and can help to control blood sugar. It was reported that plants containing flavonoids and phenolics compounds exhibit a large array of biological activities like genotoxicity (chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchange) and oxidative stress damage. These phytochemicals are found in herbal and vegetables plants, as well as being reliably protective against oxidative stress damage and lipid peroxidation. In addition, T. polium has secondary effects on different organs, namely liver, kidney and at high doses this plant becomes toxic. In conclusion, this review investigates many pharmacologicals properties and side effects of T. polium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Rahmouni
- Laboratory of Histophysiology of Induced and Developmental Diseases, Medicine Faculty of Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mongi Saoudi
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Sciences Faculty of Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Tarek Rebai
- Laboratory of Histophysiology of Induced and Developmental Diseases, Medicine Faculty of Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
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Ghafouri A, Estêvão MD, Alibakhshi P, Pizarro AB, Kashani AF, Persad E, Heydari H, Hasani M, Heshmati J, Morvaridzadeh M. Sumac fruit supplementation improve glycemic parameters in patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 90:153661. [PMID: 34334274 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is the one of the main causes of mortality worldwide. Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have revealed the beneficial effects of sumac (Rhus coriaria) on cardiometabolic risk factors. However, the entirety of the evidence has yet to be summarized in a systematic review. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of sumac on several cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with MetS and related disorders. METHODS We reviewed Medline, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane CENTRAL for RCTs published from inception to December 2020 evaluating the impact of sumac in adults with MetS or related disorders. Outcome measures included anthropometric measures, glycemic indices, blood lipids, blood pressure and liver enzymes. Pooled effect sizes were reported as standard mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Trials were pooled using a random effects model. RESULTS Nine studies enrolling 526 participants met the inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis. Our results indicate that sumac intake significantly decrease fasting blood sugar (FBS) (SMD: -0.28; 95% CI: -0.54, -0.02; I2 = 00.0%), insulin (SMD: -0.67; 95% CI: -0.99, -0.36; I2 = 03.7%), and insulin resistance (measured through the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR)) (SMD: -0.79; 95% CI: -1.24, -0.34; I2 = 50.1%). Sumac intake did not have a significant impact on weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist to hip ratio (WHR), HbA1c, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT). CONCLUSION Sumac, as an adjuvant therapy, may decrease serum levels of FBS, insulin and HOMA-IR. However, due to high heterogeneity in the included studies, these findings must be interpreted with great caution. Larger, well-designed placebo-controlled clinical trials are still needed to further evaluate the capacity of sumac as a complementary treatment to control MetS risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atie Ghafouri
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Dulce Estêvão
- Universidade do Algarve, Escola Superior de Saúde, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Pooya Alibakhshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Emma Persad
- Department for Evidence-based Medicine and Evaluation, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Hafez Heydari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Motahareh Hasani
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Heshmati
- Songhor Healthcare Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mojgan Morvaridzadeh
- Songhor Healthcare Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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13
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Upadhyay HC. Coumarin-1,2,3-triazole Hybrid Molecules: An Emerging Scaffold for Combating Drug Resistance. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 21:737-752. [PMID: 33655863 DOI: 10.2174/1568026621666210303145759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Undoubtedly, antibiotics have saved billions of lives, but lack of novel antibiotics, development of resistance mechanisms in almost all clinical isolates of bacteria, and recurrent infections caused by persistent bacteria hamper the successful treatment of the infections. Due to the widespread emergence of resistance, even the new families of anti-microbial agents have a short life expectancy. Drugs acting on a single target often lead to drug resistance and are associated with various side effects. For overcoming this problem, either multidrug therapy, or a single drug acting on multiple targets may be used. The latter is called 'hybrid molecules,' which are formed by clubbing two biologically active pharmacophores together, with or without an appropriate linker. In this rapidly evolving era, the development of natural product-based hybrid molecules may be a super-alternative to multidrug therapy, for combating drug resistance caused by various bacterial and fungal strains. Coumarins (benzopyran-2-one) are one of the earliest reported plant secondary metabolites having a clinically proven diverse range of pharmacological properties. On the other hand, 1,2,3-triazole is a common pharmacophore in many drugs responsible for polar interactions, improving the solubility and binding affinity to biomolecular targets. In this review, we discuss recent advances in Coumarin-1,2,3-triazole hybrids as potential anti-bacterial agents, aiming to provide a useful platform for the exploration of new leads with a broader spectrum, more effectiveness and less toxicity with multiple modes of action for the development of cost-effective and safer drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish C Upadhyay
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Applied Sciences, Rajkiya Engineering College (Affiliated to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow), Churk, Sonbhadra-231206, India
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14
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Yousefsani BS, Boozari M, Shirani K, Jamshidi A, Dadmehr M. A review on phytochemical and therapeutic potential of Iris germanica. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:611-625. [DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Iris germanica L. is a medicinal plant, which has a long history of uses, mainly in medieval Persia and many places worldwide for the management of a wide variety of diseases. In this study, we aimed to review ethnopharmacological applications in addition to phytochemical and pharmacological properties of I. germanica.
Key findings
Ethnomedical uses of I. germanica have been reported from many countries such as China, Pakistan, India, Iran and Turkey. The medicinal part of I. germanica is the rhizome and the roots. Based on phytochemical investigations, different bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, triterpenes, sterols, phenolics, ceramides and benzoquinones, have been identified in its medicinal parts. Current pharmacological studies represent that the plant possesses several biological and therapeutic effects, including neuroprotective, hypoglycaemic, hypolipidaemic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, antiplasmodial, antifungal, immunomodulatory, cytotoxic and antimutagenic effects.
Summary
Although the majority of preclinical studies reported various pharmacological activities of this plant, however, sufficient clinical trials are not currently available. Therefore, to draw a definitive conclusion about the efficacy and therapeutic activities of I. germanica and its bioactive compounds, further clinical and experimental studies are required. Moreover, it is necessary to focus on the pharmacokinetic and safety studies on the extracts of I. germanica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Sadat Yousefsani
- Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Motahareh Boozari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kobra Shirani
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Jamshidi
- Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Dadmehr
- Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Roghani-Shahraki H, Karimian M, Valipour S, Behjati M, Arefnezhad R, Mousavi A. Herbal therapy as a promising approach for regulation on lipid profiles: A review of molecular aspects. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:5533-5546. [PMID: 33469926 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Impaired lipid profile is defined as abnormal plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and total cholesterol. This disease state is associated with the development and progression of various disorders, such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and acute myocardial infarction. Globally, all of these disorders are related to a significant rate of death. Therefore, finding a suitable approach for the prevention and treatment of lipid profile-related disorders is in the spotlight. Recently, herbal therapy has been considered a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of hyperlipidemia or its related disorders due to its safety and efficacy. Hereby, we address the potential benefits of some of these herbal compounds on different aspects of lipid profile and its abnormalities with a special focus on their underlying mechanisms. Using herbal products, such as teas and mushrooms, or their derivatives, Rosmarinus officinalis Linn, Curcuma longa, Green tea, Lippia triphylla, Lippia citriodora, Plantago asiatica L, Vine tea, and Grifola frondosa have been proved to exert several therapeutic impacts on lipid profile and its related disorders, and we would provide a brief review on them in this literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Karimian
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Saboora Valipour
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Behjati
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Arefnezhad
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Mousavi
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Iran
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16
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Hassanien MA. Ameliorating Effects of Ginger on Isoproterenol-Induced Acute Myocardial Infarction in Rats and its Impact on Cardiac Nitric Oxide. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2020; 8:96-103. [PMID: 33282684 PMCID: PMC7703011 DOI: 10.4103/jmau.jmau_70_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Myocardial infarction is a major heart disease and is considered a significant reason for mortality and morbidity around the world. The model of Isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction provides a supported method for investigating the impacts of numerous possible cardioprotective bioactive substances. Nitric Oxide (NO) could react with reactive oxygen intermediates and free radicals to create harmful species. For several years, researchers have investigated the use of herbs and natural products as antioxidants to protect the body's organs against toxins and drug metabolites. However, studies on the antioxidant effects of ginger against cardiotoxicity induced by drugs and toxic agents remain insufficient, especially its effects on NO. Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the possible antioxidant and protective role of ginger in ISO-induced acute myocardial infarction in experimental rats. Special emphasis was given to the impact of ginger on NO levels. Materials and Methods: Forty adult male albino rats were used in this study. The animals were randomly divided into four equal groups. Group I served as control and received a normal mouse diet. Group II received ginger extract orally, Group III received normal diet for eight weeks, followed by ISO administration subcutaneously to induce myocardial infarction, Group IV received ginger extracts, followed by ISO. Results and Conclusions: The results of this study illustrated ginger's protective role against ISO-induced acute myocardial infarction. This role is mainly due to ginger's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. We assume that sufficient intake of ginger by individuals who are regularly exposed to ISO would be beneficial in overcoming the cardiotoxicity of ISO. The effects of ginger may take place through inhibition of NOS enzymes, which needs further immunohistochemical and biochemical studies to reveal the underlying different mechanisms of the effects of ginger at the molecular and structural levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ahmed Hassanien
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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17
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Singh MK, Dwivedi S, Yadav SS, Yadav RS, Khattri S. Anti-diabetic Effect of Emblica- officinalis (Amla) Against Arsenic Induced Metabolic Disorder in Mice. Indian J Clin Biochem 2020; 35:179-187. [PMID: 32226249 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-019-00820-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to arsenic through drinking water and occupational exposure has been found to be associated with the diabetic symptoms. Earlier, we reported that arsenic induced enhanced oxidative stress, inflammation, dislipidemia and hepatotoxicity in mice have been protected by treatment with Emblica officinalis (amla). The present study has therefore been focused to investigate the efficacy of amla in mitigation of arsenic induced hyperglycemia in mice. Arsenic exposure (3 mg/kg b.w./day for 30 days) in mice altered glucose homeostasis and significantly decreases hepatic glucose regulatory enzyme, glucokinase (43%), glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (38%), malic enzyme (60%) and significantly increases the level of glucose-6 phosphates (65%), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (43%), lactate, (59%) Na+ (6.8%) Cl- (10.4%), anion gap (13.9%) and pancreatic (IL-1β, TNF-α) inflammation markers (52%, 53%) as compared to controls. Arsenic exposure also significantly decreased serum insulin (44%) and c-peptide protein (38%) in mice as compared to controls. Co-administration of arsenic and amla (500 mg/kg b.w./day for 30 days) balanced blood sugar level, hepatic glucose regulatory enzyme (glucokinase, glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme (68%, 37%, 45%) and significantly decreases glucose-6 phosphatase (25%), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (22%), blood ion concentration and also lactate, Na+, Cl- and anion gap (20%, 4.6%, 6.7%, 5.2%), pancreatic (IL-1β, TNF-α) inflammation marker (21%, 24%) and significantly increased the serum insulin (57%) and c-peptide protein (31%) as compared to those treated with arsenic alone. Results of the present study suggests that the hypoglycemic and antioxidant property of amla could be responsible for its protective efficacy in arsenic induced hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College Badaun, Badaun, UP 243601 India
| | - Shailendra Dwivedi
- 2Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, 342005 India
| | - Suraj Singh Yadav
- 3Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, 226003 India
| | - Rajesh Singh Yadav
- 4Department of Criminology and Forensic Science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, MP 470003 India
| | - Sanjay Khattri
- 3Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, 226003 India
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18
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Aygün A, Gülbağça F, Nas MS, Alma MH, Çalımlı MH, Ustaoglu B, Altunoglu YC, Baloğlu MC, Cellat K, Şen F. Biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Rheum ribes and evaluation of their anticarcinogenic and antimicrobial potential: A novel approach in phytonanotechnology. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 179:113012. [PMID: 31791838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.113012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the anticarcinogenic and antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) obtained by green synthesis using the extract of Rheum ribes (R. ribes), a medicinal plant. For the synthesis of Ag NPs, the ethanolic extracts of R. ribes were used as a reducing as well as the stabilizing agent. For the characterization of Ag NPs, advanced analytical methods such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV-vis spectrophotometry were performed. The synthesized Ag NPs obtained from R. ribes were evaluated as a cytotoxic agent against MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cell line. The IC50 values of the nanoparticles were ranged from 165 to 99 μg/mL against MDA-MB 231 cell line for 24 h and 48 h, respectively. The results show that the use of Ag NPs at low concentrations show the toxic effect in the cancer cells. In addition, the results of experiments on gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli (E. coli)) bacteria showed that the Ag NPs had high antimicrobial activity. The results suggest that Ag NPs can be developed as potential anticancer and antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşenur Aygün
- Sen Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Dumlupınar, 43000 Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Fulya Gülbağça
- Sen Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Dumlupınar, 43000 Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Salih Nas
- Department of Environmental, Faculty of Engineering, University of Igdir, 76000 Igdir, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Hakkı Alma
- Department of Environmental, Faculty of Engineering, University of Igdir, 76000 Igdir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Harbi Çalımlı
- Medical Services and Technical Department of Tuzluca Vocational School, Igdir University, Igdir, Turkey.
| | - Buket Ustaoglu
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, University of Kastamonu, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Celik Altunoglu
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, University of Kastamonu, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Cengiz Baloğlu
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, University of Kastamonu, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Kemal Cellat
- Sen Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Dumlupınar, 43000 Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Fatih Şen
- Sen Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Dumlupınar, 43000 Kütahya, Turkey.
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Sundaram MS, Neog MK, Rasool M, Kumar GS, Hemshekhar M, Kemparaju K, Girish KS. Guggulipid ameliorates adjuvant-induced arthritis and liver oxidative damage by suppressing inflammatory and oxidative stress mediators. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 64:152924. [PMID: 31465983 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arthritis is a common degenerative joint disease characterized by deterioration of articular cartilage, subchondral bone, and associated with immobility, pain and inflammation. The incessant action of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during progressive arthritis causes severe oxidative damage to vital organs and circulatory system. PURPOSE In this study we investigated the ability of guggulipid (GL), a lipid rich extract from the gum resin of the plant Commiphora whighitii to suppress the progressive arthritis and associated liver oxidative stress both in vivo and in vitro. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS The anti-arthritic ability of GL was demonstrated in vitro using IL-1β stimulated bovine nasal cartilage model and in vivo Freund's complete adjuvant-induced arthritic rat model. Collagen/proteoglycan degradation and pro-inflammatory mediators were monitored in the harvested culture medium of nasal cartilage by estimating the levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), hydroxy proline, glycosaminoglycans and inflammatory mediators. Further, anti-arthritic ability of GL was evaluated in vivo by measuring enzymatic and non-enzymatic mediators of cartilage degradation, inflammation and oxidative stress markers. RESULTS GL significantly inhibited the IL-1β stimulated cartilage degradation in vitro by mitigating the MMPs activity, collagen degradation and secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators. Further, GL significantly reduced the adjuvant-induced paw swelling and body weight loss in vivo. GL remarkably reduced the MMPs and hyaluronidases activities in serum and bone homogenate along with altered hematological parameters. GL also mitigated the elevated bone resorbing enzymes cathepsins, exoglycosidases and phosphatases. Additionally, GL effectively mitigated ROS and oxidative stress-mediators recuperating the altered serum/liver oxidative stress and liver damage incurred during arthritic progression. CONCLUSION In summary, the study clearly demonstrates the protective efficacy of GL against arthritis and its associated oxidative stress, particularly, liver oxidative damage. Hence, GL could be a potential alternative and complementary medicine to treat inflammatory joint diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahalingam S Sundaram
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 006, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Neog
- Immunopathology Lab, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632 014, India
| | - Mahaboobkhan Rasool
- Immunopathology Lab, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632 014, India
| | - G Suresh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 020, India
| | - Mahadevappa Hemshekhar
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 006, India; Department of Internal Medicine, Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E3P4, Canada.
| | - Kempaiah Kemparaju
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 006, India.
| | - Kesturu S Girish
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 006, India; Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Tumkur University, Tumakuru, Karnataka 572 103, India.
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20
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De Sousa JA, De Sousa JT, Boaretto FBM, Salvi JDO, Fachini J, Da Silva JB, Unfer JP, Allgayer MC, Lemes MLB, Marroni NP, Ferraz ADBF, Picada JN. Anti-hyperlipidemic effects of Campomanesia xanthocarpa aqueous extract and its modulation on oxidative stress and genomic instability in Wistar rats. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:1009-1018. [PMID: 31658881 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1683925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of natural products from herbs may be a therapeutic option in dyslipidemia treatment. Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Mart.) O. Berg (Myrtaceae) leaves have been used to decrease cholesterol levels. However, studies to determine activities of this plant on triglycerides metabolism have received little attention. The aim of this study was to examine anti-hyperlipidemic effects of a C. xanthocarpa aqueous leaf extract (CxAE) and assess protective actions against oxidative stress and DNA damage. The tyloxapol-induced hyperlipidemia model was used in Wistar rats. Rats were treated orally with CxAE either 250 or 500 mg/kg/day for 7 days prior to tyloxapol administration. Biochemical parameters, oxidative stress levels, and genomic instability were assessed in several tissues. CxAE decreased cholesterol and triglyceride levels in serum and hepatic and renal DNA damage in tyloxapol-treated rats. There was no marked effect on the micronucleus frequency in bone marrow. The extract increased catalase activity and decreased glutathione S-transferase activity in kidney tissue. CxAE showed anti-hyperlipidemic effects, improved oxidative parameters, and protected DNA against damage induced by tyloxapol-induced hyperlipidemia, suggesting C. xanthocarpa leaves may be useful in preventing dyslipidemias.Abbreviations: ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; ALT: Aspartate aminotransferase; ANOVA: Analysis of variance; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; Ator: Atorvastatin; CAT: Catalase; Chol: Cholesterol; CxAE: Campomanesia xanthocarpa aqueous extract; GST: Glutathione S-transferase; HDL: High density cholesterol; i.p.: Intraperitoneal; NCE: Normochromatic erythrocyte; PBS: Phosphate buffer solution; PCE: Polychromatic erythrocyte; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; SD: Standard deviation; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; T: Tyloxapol; TBARS: Thiobarbituric acid reacting substances; TG: Triglyceride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joubert Aires De Sousa
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
| | - Jayne Torres De Sousa
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Brião Menezes Boaretto
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
| | - Jeferson De Oliveira Salvi
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
| | - Jean Fachini
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
| | | | - Julia Pereira Unfer
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
| | - Mariangela C Allgayer
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Veterinary Hospital, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
| | - Maria Luísa Brodt Lemes
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
| | - Norma Possa Marroni
- Center of Experimental Research, Clinic Hospital of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences: Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexandre De Barros Falcão Ferraz
- Post Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Nascimento Picada
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
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21
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Ghorbani A, Zarvandi M, Rakhshandeh H. A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Herbal Compound for Improving Metabolic Parameters in Diabetic Patients with Uncontrolled Dyslipidemia. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2019; 19:1075-1082. [DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666190206213420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective:
The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to investigate the effects of a
polyherbal compound consisting of Aloe vera, black seed, fenugreek, garlic, milk thistle, and psyllium
on diabetic patients with uncontrolled dyslipidemia.
Methods:
Fifty patients with type 2 diabetes who had dyslipidemia in spite of statin therapy were randomly
allocated to two groups: control group (n = 25) receiving a conventional therapy with hypolipidemic
and hypoglycemic drugs and intervention group (n = 25) receiving both the conventional therapy
and the herbal compound (one sachet twice daily) for 12 weeks. Each sachet contained 300 mg of
Aloe vera leaf gel, 1.8 g of black seed, 300 mg of garlic, 2.5 g of fenugreek seed, 1 g of psyllium seed,
and 500 mg of milk thistle seed.
Results:
The levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and HbA1c
showed a significant in-group improvement in the intervention group. However, the effects of the
herbal compound on fasting blood glucose remained insignificant. The compound had no unwanted
effect on the kidney function parameters (urea, creatinine) and serum liver enzymes (alanine
aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase).
Conclusion:
The tested herbal compound, as an add-on to statin therapy, was effective in lowering the
serum lipids in diabetic patients with uncontrolled dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ghorbani
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Zarvandi
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hassan Rakhshandeh
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Bian Y, Li X, Li X, Ju J, Liang H, Hu X, Dong L, Wang N, Li J, Zhang Y, Yang B. Daming capsule, a hypolipidaemic drug, lowers blood lipids by activating the AMPK signalling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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23
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Moeinian M, Abdolghaffari AH, Nikfar S, Momtaz S, Abdollahi M. Effects of alpha lipoic acid and its derivative "andrographolid-lipoic acid-1" on ulcerative colitis: A systematic review with meta-analysis of animal studies. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:4766-4782. [PMID: 30362597 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to review and meta-analyze the inflammatory and oxidative factors following alpha lipoic acid (ALA) and its derivative "andrographolid-lipoic acid-1" (AL-1) in ulcerative colitis (UC). ALA plays an important role in scavenging intracellular radicals and inflammatory elements. AL-1 is found in herbal medicines with potent anti-inflammatory properties. Data were collected from the Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Evidence-based medicine/clinical trials, and Cochrane library database until 2017, which finally resulted in 22 animal studies (70 rats and 162 mice). The beneficial effects of ALA or AL-1 on the most important parameters of UC were reviewed; also, studies were considered separately in mice and rats. Administration of ALA and AL-1 significantly reduced the tumor necrosis factor-α level compared with the controls, while data were not noteworthy in the meta-analysis (mean differences = -18.57 [95% CI = -42.65 to 5.51], P = 0.13). In spite of insignificant decrease in meta-analysis outcomes (differences = 6.92 [95% CI = -39.33 to 53.16], P = 0.77), a significant reduction in myeloperoxidase activity was shown following ALA or AL-1 treatment compared with the controls. Despite significant differences in each study, we had to exclude some studies to homogenize data for meta-analyzing as they showed insignificant results. Interleukin 6, cyclooxygenase-2, glutathione, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, histopathological score, macroscopic and microscopic scores, disease activity index, body weight change, and colon length were also reviewed. Most studies have emphasized on significant positive effects of ALA and AL-1. Comprehensive clinical trials are obligatory to determine the precious position of ALA or AL-1 in the management of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Moeinian
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.,Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shekoufeh Nikfar
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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24
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Treatment of atherosclerosis by traditional Chinese medicine: Questions and quandaries. Atherosclerosis 2018; 277:136-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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25
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Lee AY, Park W, Kang TW, Cha MH, Chun JM. Network pharmacology-based prediction of active compounds and molecular targets in Yijin-Tang acting on hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 221:151-159. [PMID: 29698773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Yijin-Tang (YJT) is a traditional prescription for the treatment of hyperlipidaemia, atherosclerosis and other ailments related to dampness phlegm, a typical pathological symptom of abnormal body fluid metabolism in Traditional Korean Medicine. However, a holistic network pharmacology approach to understanding the therapeutic mechanisms underlying hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerosis has not been pursued. AIM OF THE STUDY To examine the network pharmacological potential effects of YJT on hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerosis, we analysed components, performed target prediction and network analysis, and investigated interacting pathways using a network pharmacology approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information on compounds in herbal medicines was obtained from public databases, and oral bioavailability and drug-likeness was screened using absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) criteria. Correlations between compounds and genes were linked using the STITCH database, and genes related to hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerosis were gathered using the GeneCards database. Human genes were identified and subjected to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. RESULTS Network analysis identified 447 compounds in five herbal medicines that were subjected to ADME screening, and 21 compounds and 57 genes formed the main pathways linked to hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerosis. Among them, 10 compounds (naringenin, nobiletin, hesperidin, galangin, glycyrrhizin, homogentisic acid, stigmasterol, 6-gingerol, quercetin and glabridin) were linked to more than four genes, and are bioactive compounds and key chemicals. Core genes in this network were CASP3, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, MMP2 and MMP9. The compound-target gene network revealed close interactions between multiple components and multiple targets, and facilitates a better understanding of the potential therapeutic effects of YJT. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacological network analysis can help to explain the potential effects of YJT for treating dampness phlegm-related diseases such as hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yeong Lee
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Park
- Bioinformatics Group, R&D Center, Insilicogen Corporation, 35, Techno 9-ro, 34027, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Wook Kang
- Bioinformatics Group, R&D Center, Insilicogen Corporation, 35, Techno 9-ro, 34027, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ho Cha
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Mi Chun
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Cheongpa-ro 47-gil 100, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea.
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Akbari-Fakhrabadi M, Heshmati J, Sepidarkish M, Shidfar F. Effect of sumac (Rhus Coriaria) on blood lipids: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Med 2018; 40:8-12. [PMID: 30219474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the prominent cause of mortality worldwide. Hypercholesterolemia is a chief risk factor for the progress of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) such as herbal interventions has received much attention in literature. Rhus Coriaria (RC) with the general name Sumac is a medicinal spice, especially in Middle Eastern countries which is well known as an anti-lipid spice. This study aimed to summarize the existing findings regarding the effect of RC on the lipid profile. In this review randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of RC on blood lipids were included. Electronic searches using the MeSH terms were conducted in the following databases: Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and The Cochrane Library. The effect of RC on serum lipid concentration were measured as standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) by the random-effects model. The initial search extracted 119 potentially relevant articles. After studying these publications, 4 were potentially eligible and retrieved in full text (four RCTs). Based on the results of the systematic review, RC has positive effects on different indices of the lipid profile including increasing Apo A-I and HDL; decreasing Apo B, Apo B/ Apo A1 ratio, total cholesterol, LDL and triglyceride. However the meta-analysis conducted on three studies on total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and triglyceride individually did not show any significant difference between intervention and control groups. No definite conclusion could be made on the effect of RC on serum blood lipids due to lack of sufficient clinical trials and variable inconsistency. Future trials with desirable designs that would eliminate the limitations in the current evidence are needed before conclusive claims can be made about the effect of RC on the lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Akbari-Fakhrabadi
- Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Javad Heshmati
- Songhor Healthcare Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Sepidarkish
- Department of Epidemiology and Reproductive Health, Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farzad Shidfar
- Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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27
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Hamidnia L, Nematy M, Salari R, Taghipour A, Motavasselian M. Comparing the efficacy of therapeutic packages in Persian Medicine with Classical Medicine in overweight patients: a randomized clinical trial. Electron Physician 2018; 10:6892-6903. [PMID: 30034656 PMCID: PMC6049971 DOI: 10.19082/6982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a major risk factor for many diseases. In Persian Medicine, much emphasis has been put on the balanced weight that maintains health. Therefore, the treatment of obesity is a top priority for health care in Persian and Classical Medicine. OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of therapeutic packages in Persian Medicine with Classical Medicine in overweight treatment. METHODS This randomized clinical trial was conducted at Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad, Iran, from August 22, 2016 to December 20, 2016. Sixty-nine overweight women with body mass index (BMI) of 27-29.9 and waist circumference more than 88 cm based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, were included in the study. To control bias in sampling, with considering that the age variable is an interventional factor in the process of effective treatment, in addition to using the random allocation method, the population were studied in three groups of 18-30 years old, 31-50 years old and >50 years old, who were classified by blocking method, and three types of treatment interventions were performed in each age group: Group A (Classical diet and orlistat), Group B (Persian diet and MDB) and Group C (classical diet and MDB). Calorie consumption was equivalent in the three groups. Blinding was done only for patients. The treatment period was three months in all three groups. Subsequently, we analyzed the effectiveness of the therapeutic packages on anthropometric index, body composition and laboratory parameters in the three groups. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16. We used descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, ANOVA, paired-samples t-test, non-parametric Wilcoxon test and regression methods for the analyses of primary and secondary outcomes. RESULTS Although anthropometric index and fat mass decreased highly significantly in all three intervention groups (p<0.001), the B group led to a further decrease in BMI (Mean ± SD: 1.61±1.03), weight (Mean ± SD: 4.79±2.26), waist circumference (Mean ± SD: 4.25±0.59) and Fat mass (Mean ± SD: 3.24±2.70), compared with the other two groups. Lipid profile and FBS in groups B and C had significant decrease before and after the intervention, but Group A had no significant effect before or after the intervention. Other laboratory parameters did not change significantly before or after the treatment in the three groups. CONCLUSION In this study, Classical Medicine and Persian Medicine had the same levels of effectiveness but Persian Medicine brought a greater reduction in body weight, fat mass%, lipid profile and fasting blood glucose than Classical Medicine during the study period. So Persian Medicine can be effective in weight loss as an alternative therapy, but more studies are needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (http://www.irct.ir) with the Irct ID: (IRCT 2016041927477N1). FUNDING This paper is supported by a grant from the Research Council, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liely Hamidnia
- Ph.D. Student of Persian Medicine, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nematy
- Ph.D. of Clinical Nutrition, Associate Professor, Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Ph.D. of Clinical Nutrition, Associate Professor, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Roshanak Salari
- Ph.D. of Drug control, Assistant Professor, Department of Clinical Persian Pharmacy, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Taghipour
- Ph.D. of Epidemiology, Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Ph.D. of Epidemiology, Associate Professor, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Malihe Motavasselian
- Ph.D. of Persian Medicine, Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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28
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Quality of reporting of randomized controlled trials of herbal medicines conducted in metabolic disorders in Middle East countries: A systematic review. Complement Ther Med 2018; 38:61-66. [PMID: 29857881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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29
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Momtaz S, Hassani S, Khan F, Ziaee M, Abdollahi M. Cinnamon, a promising prospect towards Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Res 2017; 130:241-258. [PMID: 29258915 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decades, an exponential increase of efforts concerning the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been practiced. Phytochemicals preparations have a millenary background to combat various pathological conditions. Various cinnamon species and their biologically active ingredients have renewed the interest towards the treatment of patients with mild-to-moderate AD through the inhibition of tau protein aggregation and prevention of the formation and accumulation of amyloid-β peptides into the neurotoxic oligomeric inclusions, both of which are considered to be the AD trademarks. In this review, we presented comprehensive data on the interactions of a number of cinnamon polyphenols (PPs) with oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory signaling pathways in the brain. In addition, we discussed the potential association between AD and diabetes mellitus (DM), vis-à-vis the effluence of cinnamon PPs. Further, an upcoming prospect of AD epigenetic pathophysiological conditions and cinnamon has been sighted. Data was retrieved from the scientific databases such as PubMed database of the National Library of Medicine, Scopus and Google Scholar without any time limitation. The extract of cinnamon efficiently inhibits tau accumulations, Aβ aggregation and toxicity in vivo and in vitro models. Indeed, cinnamon possesses neuroprotective effects interfering multiple oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory pathways. Besides, cinnamon modulates endothelial functions and attenuates the vascular cell adhesion molecules. Cinnamon PPs may induce AD epigenetic modifications. Cinnamon and in particular, cinnamaldehyde seem to be effective and safe approaches for treatment and prevention of AD onset and/or progression. However, further molecular and translational research studies as well as prolonged clinical trials are required to establish the therapeutic safety and efficacy in different cinnamon spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran; Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokoufeh Hassani
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazlullah Khan
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran Iran
| | - Mojtaba Ziaee
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran; Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran Iran.
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30
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Rhus coriaria L. increases serum apolipoprotein-A1 and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2017; 16:45-50. [PMID: 29397092 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid-lowering effect of Rhus coriaria L. (Rhus) has been investigated in multiple animal studies with promising results. Nonetheless, its clinical efficacy has not been adequately examined. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the lipid-lowering effects of Rhus among patients with hyperlipidemia. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS The study was designed as a two-arm, double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, using a parallel design. Eighty patients with primary hyperlipidemia were randomly assigned to receive Rhus capsules or placebo for 6 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The serum lipid levels, apolipoprotein-A1 (Apo-A1) and apolipoprotein-B (Apo-B) were measured. RESULTS Mean serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and Apo-A1 levels were significantly increased in the Rhus group, compared with the placebo group, after 6 weeks of intervention (P = 0.001). The analysis of covariance test including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and smoking as co-variables revealed that the increase in HDL-C and Apo-A1 levels remained significant, and increases in HDL-C were dependent on the increase in Apo-A1 levels. No significant difference was observed between Rhus and placebo groups in terms of mean reductions in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels; however, more significant improvement was observed among obese patients (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). CONCLUSION The study showed significant increases in HDL-C and Apo-A1 levels in response to Rhus supplementation in patients with hyperlipidemia. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02295293.
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Filho ACVA, Rodrigues PAS, Benjamin SR, Paim RTT, Holanda MO, Silva JYG, Milo TS, Vieira IGP, Queiroz MGR, Guedes MIF. Hypolipidemic activity of P-methoxycinnamic diester (PCO-C) isolated from Copernicia prunífera against Triton WR-1339 and hyperlipidemic diet in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 56:198-203. [PMID: 28961514 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Carnauba wax is extracted from the leaves of the Copernicia prunífera and contains approximately 80% of esters in its composition. The purpose of the present study was evaluate the hypolipidemic effect of p-methoxycinnamic diesters (PCO-C) extracted from Copernicia prunífera in a model of acute and chronic dyslipidemia in mice. The levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly reduced plasma levels in PCO-C at the dose of 100mg/kg in a model of acute and chronic dyslipidemia. Histological studies showed that PCO-C has no hepatotoxic effect and reduces hepatic steatosis in animals that consumed hyperlipidemic ration. Thus, it was concluded that PCO-C isolated from Copernicia Prunifera was effective in reducing total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in both dyslipidemia induction models. The finding indicates that PCO-C might be beneficial in treatment of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C V A Filho
- Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - P A S Rodrigues
- Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - S R Benjamin
- Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - R T T Paim
- Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - M O Holanda
- Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - J Y G Silva
- Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - T S Milo
- Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - I G P Vieira
- Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - M G R Queiroz
- Department of Odontology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - M I F Guedes
- Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Saleem U, Riaz S, Ahmad B, Saleem M. Pharmacological Screening of Trachyspermum ammi for Antihyperlipidemic Activity in Triton X-100 Induced Hyperlipidemia Rat Model. Pharmacognosy Res 2017; 9:S34-S40. [PMID: 29333040 PMCID: PMC5757323 DOI: 10.4103/pr.pr_37_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mortality rate is increasing due to cardiovascular problems throughout the world. These cardiac problems are directly associated with dyslipidemia. AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic effect of aqueous extract and methanol extract of Trachyspermum ammi at 1 g/kg, 3 g/kg, and 5 g/kg dose levels in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS For this purpose, 45 male albino rats were used and randomly divided into nine equal groups (n = 5). The lipid levels were increased after 24 h of single intraperitoneal injection of Triton X-100 (100 mg/kg) in rats. Aqueous and methanol extracts equivalent to 1 g/kg, 3 g/kg, and 5 g/kg were administered orally to the rats for 21 days. Atorvastatin (10 mg/kg) was used as standard drug. Blood samples were collected at 0, 2nd, 9th, 16th, and 23rd day by a direct cardiac puncture in Vacuette® heparin tubes. Serum was separated and then analyzed for lipid profile, liver function test (LFT), and renal function test (RFT) using standard diagnostic kits. RESULTS Results showed that extracts at 3 g/kg and 5 g/kg decreased the levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein and increased high-density lipoprotein concentration in serum. T. ammi also decreased LFT and RFT parameters at the end of the study. CONCLUSION T. ammi possessed antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic activities along with hepato- and nephro-protective effects. SUMMARY Aqueous and methanol extracts of T. ammi were administered orally at 1-, 3-, and 5 g/kg doses to hyperlipidemic rats (Triton X-100 induced hyperlipidemia) and atorvastatin (10 mg/kg, orally) was used as standard drug. Methanol extract at 5 g/kg showed antihyperlipidemic effect that is identical to that of standard drug.Abbreviations Used: LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; TC: Total cholesterol; VLDL: Very low-density lipoprotein; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; T. ammi: Trachyspermum ammi; WHO: World Health Organization; CAD: Coronary artery disease; BHT: Butylated hydroxytoluene; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; AST: Aspartate transaminase; ALT: Alanine transaminase; IP: Intraperitoneal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Saleem
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saba Riaz
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Saleem
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Kean JD, Downey LA, Stough C. Systematic Overview of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. Dominant Poly-Herbal Formulas in Children and Adolescents. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 4:medicines4040086. [PMID: 29165401 PMCID: PMC5750610 DOI: 10.3390/medicines4040086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: The Ayurvedic medicinal system employs a holistic approach to health, utilising the synergistic properties of organic resources. Research into the Ayurvedic herb Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. (B.monnieri) has reported improvements in cognitive outcomes in child and adult populations. The aim of current review is to systematically assess and critically summarize clinical trials investigating B.monnieri-dominant poly-herbal formulas and their effects on the cognition, memory, learning, and behaviour in children and adolescents. Methods: Key word searches were performed using PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, DHARA, and CINAHL for publications meeting inclusion criteria up to November 2017. There were no restrictions in study design. Effect sizes were calculated for all significant findings to allow for direct comparisons, and each study was evaluated on design quality. Cognitive and behavioural outcomes were grouped into validated constructs for cross-study comparison. Results: Nine trials met inclusion criteria. Five studies reported sufficient data for effect size analysis with most improvements reported in behavioural outcomes. True cognitive abilities and behavioural constructs were reviewed in six studies, with visual perception, impulsivity, and attention demonstrating the greatest improvements. The veracity of the evidence for the formulations reviewed is weakened by inconsistent statistical design and under-reporting of safety and tolerability data (44%). Conclusions: The current review extends research supporting B.monnieri as a cognitive enhancer and provides modest evidence for the use of B.monnieri in poly-herbal preparations for improving cognitive and behavioural outcomes in child and adolescent populations. Greater emphasis on statistical vigour and the reporting of tolerability data are essential for future trials to adequately document poly-herbal treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Kean
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne 3122, Australia.
| | - Luke A Downey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne 3122, Australia.
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Hospital, Melbourne 3084, Australia.
| | - Con Stough
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne 3122, Australia.
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Showande SJ, Adegbolagun OM, Igbinoba SI, Fakeye TO. In vivo pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions ofHibiscus sabdariffacalyces extracts with simvastatin. J Clin Pharm Ther 2017; 42:695-703. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. J. Showande
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Ibadan; Ibadan Nigeria
| | - O. M. Adegbolagun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Ibadan; Ibadan Nigeria
| | - S. I. Igbinoba
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration; Faculty of Pharmacy; Obafemi Awolowo University; Ile-Ife Nigeria
| | - T. O. Fakeye
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Ibadan; Ibadan Nigeria
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Leiva A, Contreras-Duarte S, Amigo L, Sepúlveda E, Boric M, Quiñones V, Busso D, Rigotti A. Gugulipid causes hypercholesterolemia leading to endothelial dysfunction, increased atherosclerosis, and premature death by ischemic heart disease in male mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184280. [PMID: 28910310 PMCID: PMC5598962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
For proper cholesterol metabolism, normal expression and function of scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor, is required. Among the factors that regulate overall cholesterol homeostasis and HDL metabolism, the nuclear farnesoid X receptor plays an important role. Guggulsterone, a bioactive compound present in the natural product gugulipid, is an antagonist of this receptor. This natural product is widely used globally as a natural lipid-lowering agent, although its anti-atherogenic cardiovascular benefit in animal models or humans is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of gugulipid on cholesterol homeostasis and development of mild and severe atherosclerosis in male mice. For this purpose, we evaluated the impact of gugulipid treatment on liver histology, plasma lipoprotein cholesterol, endothelial function, and development of atherosclerosis and/or ischemic heart disease in wild-type mice; apolipoprotein E knockout mice, a model of atherosclerosis without ischemic complications; and SR-B1 knockout and atherogenic–diet-fed apolipoprotein E hypomorphic (SR-BI KO/ApoER61h/h) mice, a model of lethal ischemic heart disease due to severe atherosclerosis. Gugulipid administration was associated with histological abnormalities in liver, increased alanine aminotransferase levels, lower hepatic SR-BI content, hypercholesterolemia due to increased HDL cholesterol levels, endothelial dysfunction, enhanced atherosclerosis, and accelerated death in animals with severe ischemic heart disease. In conclusion, our data show important adverse effects of gugulipid intake on HDL metabolism and atherosclerosis in male mice, suggesting potential and unknown deleterious effects on cardiovascular health in humans. In addition, these findings reemphasize the need for rigorous preclinical and clinical studies to provide guidance on the consumption of natural products and regulation of their use in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Leiva
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail: (AL); (AR)
| | - Susana Contreras-Duarte
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ludwig Amigo
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Esteban Sepúlveda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Boric
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Verónica Quiñones
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dolores Busso
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Attilio Rigotti
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center of Molecular Nutrition and Chronic Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail: (AL); (AR)
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Cheng H, Xu N, Zhao W, Su J, Liang M, Xie Z, Wu X, Li Q. (-)-Epicatechin regulates blood lipids and attenuates hepatic steatosis in rats fed high-fat diet. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28734036 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE (-)-Epicatechin (EC) is a natural flavanol monomer found in cocoa, green tea, and a variety of other plant foods. In this study, effects of EC on blood lipids and hepatic steatosis, and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS A hyperlipidemic rat model was induced by high-fat, high-cholesterol diet. EC was then administrated to the animals by gavage at doses of 10, 20, 40 mg/kg body weight (BW) for 12 weeks. Simvastatin was included as a positive control. The results showed that EC significantly reduced total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride, alleviated liver fat accumulation, while increased HDL cholesterol, in hyperlipidemic rats. EC also reduced lipid peroxidation, inhibited the pro-inflammatory cytokines, and lowered serum AST and ALT. The potential molecular mechanisms of EC underlying these effects were proposed to be associated to regulating Insig-1-SREBP-SCAP pathway, and other lipid metabolic related genes including LXR-α, FAS, and SIRT1. CONCLUSION EC effectively improved blood lipid profile and protected liver from accumulating excessive fat in hyperlipidemic rats. The results shed a light on the potential role of EC as a promising natural product in preventing hyperlipidemia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Na Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wenxia Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jingjing Su
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mengru Liang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhongwen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xianli Wu
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, USDA ARS Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Qinglin Li
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Eldalo AS, Alotaibi MN, Alenazi TO, Albogami HA, Mohamed KM. Use of Herbal Medicines in the Treatment of Obesity in Taif, Saudi Arabia. SAUDI JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017; 5:149-154. [PMID: 30787774 PMCID: PMC6298359 DOI: 10.4103/1658-631x.204862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide. Herbal medicines are one of the most common alternative therapies for weight loss. The aim of this study was to determine the usage rate of herbal medicines in the city of Taif, Saudi Arabia, and which plants were most commonly used to treat obesity. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted using a pretested questionnaire that was randomly distributed to overweight and obese people in Taif, Saudi Arabia. Results: A total of 422 cases completed the questionnaire with a response rate of 60.3%. The majority of patients (98.1%) used herbal medicines to lose weight, with green tea (88.4%) and ginger (29.5%) being the most commonly used herbs. More than one-third of respondents declared that they suffered from side effects; however, most (72%) of the respondents admitted that they would use herbal medications again. Conclusion: The current study shows a high usage rate of herbal medicines for the treatment of obesity in Saudi Arabia. However, further studies are needed on the risks and benefits of the use of herbal medicines to treat obesity. Pharmacists and health professionals should conduct a community-based awareness program to spread awareness of both the benefits and risks of medicinal herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Eldalo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Al-Haweyya, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mosem N Alotaibi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Al-Haweyya, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer O Alenazi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Al-Haweyya, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamdi A Albogami
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Al-Haweyya, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled M Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Al-Haweyya, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
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Posadzki P, AlBedah AM, Khalil MM, AlQaed MS. Complementary and alternative medicine for lowering blood lipid levels: A systematic review of systematic reviews. Complement Ther Med 2016; 29:141-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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The anti-hyperglycemic efficacy of a lipid-lowering drug Daming capsule and the underlying signaling mechanisms in a rat model of diabetes mellitus. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34284. [PMID: 27721485 PMCID: PMC5056381 DOI: 10.1038/srep34284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder manifested by hyperglycemia. Daming Capsule (DMC), a combination of traditional Chinese herbs, is used clinically as a lipid-lowering drug. This study was designed to evaluate if DMC possesses an anti-hyperglycemic effect and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Compared to diabetic rats, the rats received DMC (200 mg/kg/d) had significantly lower blood lipid and glucose levels. DMC markedly restored the decreased secretion of GLP-1 and GIP as well as the coding gene GCG and GIP in ileum. Moreover, DMC normalized depressed GCG and GIP transcription by significantly enhancing the GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway and expression of TCF7L2, a transactivator of GCG and GIP in diabetic rats. DMC possesses an anti-hyperglycemic property characterized by preservation/stimulation of GLP-1 and GIP secretion in DM rats. Here, we proposed DMC → GSK-3β/β-catenin↑ → TCF7L2↑ → GLP-1, GIP secretion↑ → blood glucose↓ as a regulatory pathway of blood glucose homeostasis. Our findings suggest DMC as a promising therapeutic drug in the clinical treatment of diabetes.
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Barboza LN, Lívero FADR, Prando TBL, Ribeiro RDCL, Lourenço ELB, Budel JM, de Souza LM, Acco A, Dalsenter PR, Gasparotto A. Atheroprotective effects of Cuphea carthagenensis (Jacq.) J. F. Macbr. in New Zealand rabbits fed with cholesterol-rich diet. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 187:134-145. [PMID: 27125593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Although Cuphea carthagenensis (Jacq.) J. F. Macbr. is used in Brazilian folk medicine in the treatment of atherosclerosis and circulatory disorders, no study evaluating these effects has been conducted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible hypolipemiant and antiatherogenic activity of the ethanol soluble fraction obtained from C. carthagenensis (ES-CC) in an experimental atherosclerosis model using New Zealand (NZ) rabbits undergoing cholesterol-rich diet (CRD). MATERIAL AND METHODS Dyslipidemia and atherogenesis were induced by administration of standard commercial diet increased of 1% cholesterol (CRD) for 8 weeks. ES-CC was orally administered at doses of 10, 30 and 100mg/kg, once daily for four weeks, starting from the 4th week of CRD diet. Body weight measurements were weekly carried out from the beginning of experiments for 8 weeks. Serum levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and their fractions (LDL-C, VLDL-C and HDL-C) were measured at the beginning of experiments and at weeks four and eight. After euthanasia of rabbits, aorta segments (aortic arc, thoracic, abdominal and iliac segments) were macroscopically and microscopically evaluated and the intima and media layers of the arteries were measured. Additionally, the antioxidant activity of ES-CC and its influence on the functioning of hepatic antioxidant enzymes were also determined. RESULTS CRD induced dyslipidemia and major structural changes in the aortic wall. In addition, an increase in lipid peroxidation and a reduction of hepatic glutathione and serum nitrite levels were observed. Treatment with ES-CC was able to prevent the increase in TC, LDL-C, VLDL-C levels and triglycerides and promoted an increase in HDL-C levels in NZ rabbits. These effects were accompanied by a significant reduction in oxidative stress and modulation of the catalase and superoxide dismutase function. Moreover, the intima and media layers of the arterial segments were significantly reduced by ES-CC treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that ES-CC reduces serum lipids and hepatic oxidative stress when orally administered to NZ rabbits. In addition, it was able to prevent the development of CRD-induced atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Neris Barboza
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Bruno Lima Prando
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Toxicologia de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Paranaense, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jane Manfron Budel
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Lauro Mera de Souza
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Acco
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Arquimedes Gasparotto
- Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia e Farmacologia Cardiovascular, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, P.O. Box 533, 79804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil.
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Ong YC, Aziz Z. Systematic review of red yeast rice compared with simvastatin in dyslipidaemia. J Clin Pharm Ther 2016; 41:170-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chin Ong
- Department of Pharmacy; Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Zoriah Aziz
- Department of Pharmacy; Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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Cicero AFG, Morbini M, Parini A, Urso R, Rosticci M, Grandi E, Borghi C. Effect of red yeast rice combined with antioxidants on lipid pattern, hs-CRP level, and endothelial function in moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2016; 12:281-6. [PMID: 26966368 PMCID: PMC4770063 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s91817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to test, through a crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, if a short-term treatment with 10 mg monacolins combined with antioxidants could improve lipid pattern, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and endothelial function in a small cohort of moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects. Thus, 25 healthy, moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects were consecutively enrolled and, after 4 weeks of stabilization diet, were randomized to the sequence placebo followed by a washout, monacolins or monacolins followed by a washout, placebo, with each period being 4 weeks long. At each study step, a complete lipid pattern, safety parameters, hs-CRP, and endothelial function have been measured. When compared to the placebo phase, during monacolin treatment, patients experienced a more favorable percentage change in total cholesterol (TC) (TC after monacolin treatment, −18.35%; TC after placebo treatment, −5.39%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (LDL after monacolin treatment, −22.36%; LDL after placebo treatment, −1.38%), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (non-HDL after monacolin treatment, −22.83%; non-HDL after placebo treatment: −7.15%), hs-CRP (hs-CRP after monacolin treatment: −2.33%; hs-CRP after placebo treatment, 2.11%), and endothelial function (pulse volume displacement after monacolin treatment, 18.59%; pulse volume displacement after placebo treatment, −6.69%). No significant difference was observed with regard to triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, and safety parameters. On the basis of our data, we could demonstrate that a 10 mg monacolin nutraceutical treatment appears to safely reduce cholesterolemia, hs-CRP, and markers of vascular remodeling in moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects. These results need to be confirmed in larger patient samples and in studies with longer duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arrigo F G Cicero
- Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martino Morbini
- Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angelo Parini
- Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Urso
- Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Rosticci
- Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Grandi
- Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Borghi
- Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Cicero AFG, Baggioni A. Berberine and Its Role in Chronic Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 928:27-45. [PMID: 27671811 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41334-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Berberine is a quaternary ammonium salt from the protoberberine group of isoquinoline alkaloids. It is found in such plants as Berberis [e.g. Berberis aquifolium (Oregon grape), Berberis vulgaris (barberry), Berberis aristata (tree turmeric)], Hydrastis canadensis (goldenseal), Xanthorhiza simplicissima (yellowroot), Phellodendron amurense [2] (Amur corktree), Coptis chinensis (Chinese goldthread), Tinospora cordifolia, Argemone mexicana (prickly poppy) and Eschscholzia californica (Californian poppy). In vitro it exerts significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. In animal models berberine has neuroprotective and cardiovascular protective effects. In humans, its lipid-lowering and insulin-resistance improving actions have clearly been demonstrated in numerous randomized clinical trials. Moreover, preliminary clinical evidence suggest the ability of berberine to reduce endothelial inflammation improving vascular health, even in patients already affected by cardiovascular diseases. Altogether the available evidences suggest a possible application of berberine use in the management of chronic cardiometabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arrigo F G Cicero
- Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Research Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Via Albertoni 15, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Baggioni
- Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Research Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Via Albertoni 15, 40138, Bologna, Italy
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Sarup P, Bala S, Kamboj S. Pharmacology and Phytochemistry of Oleo-Gum Resin of Commiphora wightii (Guggulu). SCIENTIFICA 2015; 2015:138039. [PMID: 26587309 PMCID: PMC4637499 DOI: 10.1155/2015/138039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Guggulu is an oleo-gum resin which exudes out as a result of injury from the bark of Commiphora wightii (Arnott) Bhandari [syn. Commiphora mukul (Hook. Ex Stocks) Engl; Balsamodendron mukul (Hook. Ex Stocks); Family, Burseraceae]. It has been used in the Ayurveda since time immemorial for the treatment of variety of disorders such as inflammation, gout, rheumatism, obesity, and disorders of lipids metabolism. It is a mixture of phytoconstituents like volatile oil which contains terpenoidal constituents such as monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids, and triterpenoids; steroids; flavonoids; guggultetrols; lignans; sugars; and amino acids. This review is an effort to compile all the information available on all of its chemical constituents which are responsible for its therapeutic potential. The wild occurrence of this species is restricted mainly to the dry regions of Rajasthan and Gujarat States of India, and the bordering regions of Pakistan. Oleo-gum resin, guggulu, tapped from the stems of this species, is consumed in high volumes by the Indian herbal industries. There has been a decline in its wild population over the last several decades, as a result of habitat loss and degradation, coupled with unregulated harvesting and tapping of oleo-gum resin. This species is consequently assessed as Critically Endangered and enlisted in the IUCN red list of threatened species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Sarup
- MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 132 037, India
| | - Suman Bala
- MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 132 037, India
| | - Sunil Kamboj
- MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 132 037, India
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Hosseinzadeh H, Nassiri-Asl M. Pharmacological Effects of Glycyrrhiza spp. and Its Bioactive Constituents: Update and Review. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1868-86. [PMID: 26462981 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The roots and rhizomes of various species of the perennial herb licorice (Glycyrrhiza) are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of several diseases. In experimental and clinical studies, licorice has been shown to have several pharmacological properties including antiinflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidative, antidiabetic, antiasthma, and anticancer activities as well as immunomodulatory, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective effects. In recent years, several of the biochemical, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of licorice and its active components have also been demonstrated in experimental studies. In this review, we summarized the new phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological data from recent experimental and clinical studies of licorice and its bioactive constituents after our previous published review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marjan Nassiri-Asl
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 341197-5981, Qazvin, Iran
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Gamboa-Gómez CI, Rocha-Guzmán NE, Gallegos-Infante JA, Moreno-Jiménez MR, Vázquez-Cabral BD, González-Laredo RF. Plants with potential use on obesity and its complications. EXCLI JOURNAL 2015; 14:809-31. [PMID: 26869866 PMCID: PMC4746997 DOI: 10.17179/excli2015-186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is the most prevalent nutritional disease and a growing public health problem worldwide. This disease is a causal component of the metabolic syndrome related with abnormalities, including hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, inflammation, among others. There are anti-obesity drugs, affecting the fundamental processes of the weight regulation; however they have shown serious side effects, which outweigh their beneficial effects. Most recent studies on the treatment of obesity and its complications have focused on the potential role of different plants preparation that can exert a positive effect on the mechanisms involved in this pathology. For instance, anti-obesity effects of green tea and its isolated active principles have been reported in both in vitro (cell cultures) and in vivo (animal models) that possess healthy effects, decreasing adipose tissue through reduction of adipocytes differentiation and proliferation. A positive effect in lipid profile, and lipid and carbohydrates metabolisms were demonstrated as well. In addition, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities were studied. However, the consumption of green tea and its products is not that common in Western countries, where other plants with similar bioactivity predominate; nevertheless, the effect extension has not been analyzed in depth, despite of their potential as alternative treatment for obesity. In this review the anti-obesity potential and reported mechanisms of action of diverse plants such as: Camellia sinensis, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Hypericum perforatum, Persea americana, Phaseolus vulgaris, Capsicum annuum, Rosmarinus officinalis, Ilex paraguariensis, Citrus paradisi, Citrus limon, Punica granatum, Aloe vera, Taraxacum officinale and Arachis hypogaea is summarized. We consider the potential of these plants as natural alternative treatments of some metabolic alterations associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nuria E. Rocha-Guzmán
- Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., 34080 Durango, Dgo., México
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Tabatabaei-Malazy O, Larijani B, Abdollahi M. Targeting metabolic disorders by natural products. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2015; 14:57. [PMID: 26157708 PMCID: PMC4495701 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-015-0184-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The most prevalent metabolic disorders are diabetes mellitus, obesity, dyslipidemia, osteoporosis and metabolic syndrome, which are developed when normal metabolic processes are disturbed. The most common pathophysiologies of the above disorders are oxidative stress, Nrf2 pathways, epigenetic, and change in miRNA expression. There is a challenge in the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders due to severe adverse effects of some synthetic drugs, their high cost, lack of safety and poverty in some conditions, and insufficient accessibility for the general population in the world. With increasing interest in shifting from synthetic drugs to phytotherapy as an alternative treatment, there is still a gap in scientific evidences of plant-derived therapeutic benefits. One reason may be slow rate of translation of animal studies' findings into human clinical trials. Since metabolic disorders are multifactorial, it seems that poly-herbal medications, or drug-herbal combination are needed for their treatment. However, further researches to determine the most effective plant-derived metabolites, and their cellular mechanism in order to set priorities for well-designed animal and clinical trials, and also more studies with strong scientific evidences such as systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozra Tabatabaei-Malazy
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Lee YH, Go NG, Min DL. Retrospective Study about the Effectiveness of Korean Medicine Treatment on 254 Patients Visited Obesity Clinic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.15429/jkomor.2015.15.1.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Tavakkoli M, Miri R, Jassbi AR, Erfani N, Asadollahi M, Ghasemi M, Saso L, Firuzi O. Carthamus, Salvia and Stachys species protect neuronal cells against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2014; 52:1550-1557. [PMID: 25243877 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.908394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Finding effective therapies for neurodegenerative diseases is of utmost importance for the aging population. Plants growing in Iran are rich sources of antioxidants and active phytochemicals. OBJECTIVE The protective capacity of plants, with a special focus on those with reported antioxidant or neuroprotective potential or nervous system-related applications in folk medicine, was tested against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aerial parts of 20 plants including Carthamus, Salvia, and Stachys species were extracted with 80% methanol and dichloromethane and preincubated with neuronal PC12 cells for 3 h. Oxidative stress and apoptosis were induced by hydrogen peroxide (75 µM, 1 h exposure). Cell viability and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by MTT and 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein-diacetate (DCFH-DA) assays, respectively, while apoptosis was determined by annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining by a flow cytometer. RESULTS Eighty percent methanol extracts of Carthamus oxyacantha Bieb. (Asteraceae), Salvia santolinifolia Boiss. (Lamiaceae), and Salvia sclarea L. (Lamiaceae) at the concentration of 100 μg/ml showed significant neuroprotection in the MTT assay by 38.7, 34.7, and 39.5%, respectively, and inhibited intracellular ROS by 48.6, 61.9, and 61.4%, respectively. The first two extracts also significantly inhibited apoptosis. Dichloromethane extracts of C. oxyacantha and Stachys pilifera Benth. (Lamiaceae) at the concentration of 25 μg/ml showed neuroprotection by 27.5 and 26.5%, respectively, and inhibited ROS by 44.5 and 39.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION The above-mentioned plants seem to have important biological activities and their further study may lead to the discovery of new natural therapeutics useful against disorders such as Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Tavakkoli
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
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