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Lu M, Gan H, Zhou Q, Han F, Wang X, Zhang F, Tong J, Huang K, Gao H, Yan S, Jin Z, Wang Q, Tao F. Trimester-specific effect of maternal co-exposure to organophosphate esters and phthalates on preschooler cognitive development: The moderating role of gestational vitamin D status. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 251:118536. [PMID: 38442813 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) and phthalate acid esters (PAEs) are prevalent endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Humans are often exposed to OPEs and PAEs simultaneously through multiple routes. Given that fetal stage is a critical period for neurodevelopment, it is necessary to know whether gestational co-exposure to OPEs and PAEs affects fetal neurodevelopment. However, accessible epidemiological studies are limited. The present study included 2, 120 pregnant women from the Ma'anshan Birth Cohort (MABC) study. The concentrations of tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), 6 OPE metabolites and 7 PAE metabolites were measured in the first, second and third trimester using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Cognitive development of preschooler was assessed based on the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Fourth Edition (WPPSI-IV) of the Chinese version. Generalized estimating equations (GEEs), restricted cubic spline (RCS) and generalized additive models (GAMs) were employed to explore the associations between individual OPE exposure and preschooler cognitive development. The quantile-based g-computation (QGC) method was used to estimate the joint effect of PAEs and OPEs exposure on cognitive development. GEEs revealed significant adverse associations between diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) (β: -0.58, 95% CI: -1.14, -0.01), bis (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate(BBOEP) (β: -0.44, 95% CI: -0.85, -0.02), bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPP) (β: -0.81, 95%CI: -1.43, -0.20) and full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) in the first trimester; additionally, TCEP and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (BEHP) in the second trimester, as well as DPHP in the third trimester, were negatively associated with cognitive development. Through the QGC analyses, mixture exposure in the first trimester was negatively associated with FSIQ scores (β: -1.70, 95% CI: -3.06, -0.34), mono-butyl phthalate (MBP), BCIPP, and DPHP might be the dominant contributors after controlling for other OPEs and PAEs congeners. Additionally, the effect of OPEs and PAEs mixture on cognitive development might be driven by vitamin D deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjuan Lu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Hong Gan
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Feifei Han
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaorui Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Fu Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Juan Tong
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shuangqin Yan
- Ma'anshan Maternal and Child Healthcare (MCH) Center, Ma'anshan, 243011, China
| | - Zhongxiu Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Qunan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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2
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Xia X, Chen K, Chen Y. Change in function and homeostasis of HPA axis: The role of vitamin family. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 391:110899. [PMID: 38325521 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
With the improvement of living quality, people pay more and more attention to vitamin supplements. The vitamins in the daily diet can meet the needs of the body. Whether additional vitamin supplementation is necessary still needs to be further explored. Many studies have reported that vitamin deficiency and excessive vitamin supplementation could lead to abnormal development in the body or increase the risk of diseases. Here, we summarize the abnormal levels of vitamins can cause the homeostasis imbalance of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis by affecting its development and function. It can lead to abnormal synthesis and secretion of glucocorticoid in the body, which mediates the occurrence and development of metabolic diseases and psychoneurotic diseases. In addition, vitamin has a strong antioxidant effect, which can eliminate oxygen free radicals. Thereby, vitamins can alter HPA axis function and homeostasis maintenance by combating oxidative stress. This review provides a theoretical basis for clarifying the role of abnormal levels of vitamin in the occurrence and development of multiple diseases and its intervention strategy, and also provides reference value and guiding significance for rational use of vitamins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Kaiqi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yawen Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Tahir H, Munir N, Iqbal SS, Bacha U, Amir S, Umar H, Riaz M, Tahir IM, Ali Shah SM, Shafiq A, Akram M. Maternal vitamin D status and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), an under diagnosed risk factor; A review. EUR J INFLAMM 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x231161013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is important to mediate several brain processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, and neurotransmission in early stages of life. Vitamin D deficiency during critical periods of development can lead to persistent brain alterations. Vitamin D homeostasis during pregnancy is affected by two factors which includes an increase in mother’s calcitriol levels and an increase in mother’s Vitamin D Binding protein concentrations. Attention deficient hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an outcome of a complicated interaction between genetic, environmental, and developmental traits, and genetic factors cover about 80% of the cases. The efficiency of the immune system can be altered by a deficiency of Vitamin D in maternal body and maternal stress during gestation such as perinatal depression. Studies have proved that during gestation if there is a deficiency of vitamin D in maternal body, it can influence the brain development of the fetus and can also alter the synthesis of the brain-derived neurotropic factor. The current manuscript has been compiled to elaborate different factors which are associated with ADHD particularly focusing on the relationship of vitamin D deficiency in mothers. References material was selected from NCBI (PUBMED), Science direct, Google scholar, Publons etc. Using the terms ADHD, Vitamin D and Maternal nutritional status. Although, controversial relationship was found between the deficiency of Vitamin D level in pregnant women and development of ADHD in children but more controlled trials are required for future direction as well as to rule out other associated causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafsa Tahir
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Munir
- Department of Biomedical Lab Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Saira Iqbal
- Knowledge Research and Support Services, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Umar Bacha
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saira Amir
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hassaan Umar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Sargodha Medical College, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Mahmood Tahir
- College of Allied Health Professional, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Government College University‐Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Muhammad Ali Shah
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Almina Shafiq
- Department of Biomedical Lab Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Fišar Z. Biological hypotheses, risk factors, and biomarkers of schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 120:110626. [PMID: 36055561 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Both the discovery of biomarkers of schizophrenia and the verification of biological hypotheses of schizophrenia are an essential part of the process of understanding the etiology of this mental disorder. Schizophrenia has long been considered a neurodevelopmental disease whose symptoms are caused by impaired synaptic signal transduction and brain neuroplasticity. Both the onset and chronic course of schizophrenia are associated with risk factors-induced disruption of brain function and the establishment of a new homeostatic setpoint characterized by biomarkers. Different risk factors and biomarkers can converge to the same symptoms of schizophrenia, suggesting that the primary cause of the disease can be highly individual. Schizophrenia-related biomarkers include measurable biochemical changes induced by stress (elevated allostatic load), mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, oxidative and nitrosative stress, and circadian rhythm disturbances. Here is a summary of selected valid biological hypotheses of schizophrenia formulated based on risk factors and biomarkers, neurodevelopment, neuroplasticity, brain chemistry, and antipsychotic medication. The integrative neurodevelopmental-vulnerability-neurochemical model is based on current knowledge of the neurobiology of the onset and progression of the disease and the effects of antipsychotics and psychotomimetics and reflects the complex and multifactorial nature of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Fišar
- Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Czech Republic.
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Arshad R, Sameen A, Murtaza MA, Sharif HR, Iahtisham‐Ul‐Haq, Dawood S, Ahmed Z, Nemat A, Manzoor MF. Impact of vitamin D on maternal and fetal health: A review. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:3230-3240. [PMID: 36249984 PMCID: PMC9548347 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of vitamin D in improving maternal health and reducing the risk of developmental disorders in fetus has been an important domain of research since the past few years. Vitamin D, owing to its immunomodulatory, anti‐inflammatory, developmental roles, and regulating calcium homeostasis, is predicted to have a significant influence on maternal and fetal health status. Several observational studies and clinical trials, determining the impact of vitamin D on gestational diabetes, C‐section, postpartum depression, pre‐eclampsia, miscarriages, and preterm delivery, have been elaborated in this review. In addition, fetal birth defects including neurological development, reduced birth weight, respiratory infections, bone development, and altered anthropometrics have also been summarized with available evidences. Other important mechanisms related to the roles of vitamin D in the body are also explained. Furthermore, recent studies determining the effect of vitamin D at genetic level will also help in understanding and future design of research in the area of maternal and fetal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Arshad
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences The University of Lahore Gujrat Campus Gujrat Pakistan
| | - Aysha Sameen
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology University of Agriculture Faisalabad Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Mian Anjum Murtaza
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Rizwan Sharif
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences The University of Lahore Gujrat Campus Gujrat Pakistan
| | - Iahtisham‐Ul‐Haq
- Kausar Abdullah Malik School of Life Sciences Forman Christian College University Lahore Pakistan
| | - Sahifa Dawood
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences The University of Lahore Gujrat Campus Gujrat Pakistan
| | - Zahoor Ahmed
- Human Nutrition and Dietetics School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management and Technology Lahore Pakistan
| | - Arash Nemat
- Department of Microbiology Kabul University of Medical Sciences Afghanistan
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Cusick SE, Barks A, Georgieff MK. Nutrition and Brain Development. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2022; 53:131-165. [PMID: 34622395 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2021_244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
All nutrients are essential for brain development, but pre-clinical and clinical studies have revealed sensitive periods of brain development during which key nutrients are critical. An understanding of these nutrient-specific sensitive periods and the accompanying brain regions or processes that are developing can guide effective nutrition interventions as well as the choice of meaningful circuit-specific neurobehavioral tests to best determine outcome. For several nutrients including protein, iron, iodine, and choline, pre-clinical and clinical studies align to identify the same sensitive periods, while for other nutrients, such as long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, zinc, and vitamin D, pre-clinical models demonstrate benefit which is not consistently shown in clinical studies. This discordance of pre-clinical and clinical results is potentially due to key differences in the timing, dose, and/or duration of the nutritional intervention as well as the pre-existing nutritional status of the target population. In general, however, the optimal window of success for nutritional intervention to best support brain development is in late fetal and early postnatal life. Lack of essential nutrients during these times can lead to long-lasting dysfunction and significant loss of developmental potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Cusick
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Amanda Barks
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Chen B, Chen Y, Xu Y. Vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women: Influenced by multiple risk factors and increase the risks of spontaneous abortion and small-for-gestational age. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27505. [PMID: 34731133 PMCID: PMC8519205 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the level of vitamin D and its influencing factors in pregnant women, and to explore the influence of vitamin D deficiency on common adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women, providing evidence for prevention and intervention of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women. METHODS The basic data and blood samples of pregnant women in our hospital from January 2019 to June 2020 were collected, and the 25-(OH) D levels of the serum samples were detected. Then the vitamin D levels and its influencing factors were analyzed, and the relationships between vitamin D levels and common adverse pregnancy outcomes in the pregnant women as well as the incidence of small-for-gestational-age newborns were analyzed. RESULTS The vitamin D deficiency rate, insufficiency rate and sufficiency rate of pregnant women were 83.28%, 15.36%, and 1.36% respectively, with vast majority of the pregnant women in a state of vitamin D deficiency. Analysis of the influencing factors on the vitamin D level of pregnant women showed "28 weeks ≤ gestational age ≤32 weeks, summer and autumn, high school education and above, weekly time outdoors ≥10 hours, supplement of vitamin D and trace elements during pregnancy" were protective factors for vitamin D sufficiency in pregnant women. Linear correlation analysis showed the vitamin D level of pregnant women was highly positively correlated with temperature, the higher the temperature, the higher the vitamin D level (r = 0.907, t = 6.818, P < .001). The level of vitamin D in pregnant women was related to the occurrence of spontaneous abortion and small-for-gestational age (SGA), with the incidence of spontaneous abortion and SGA in the "vitamin D deficiency group" higher than those of other groups (P = .018, P = .016). CONCLUSIONS The vitamin D level of pregnant women in this area is relatively low, which is affected by multiple factors such as gestational age, season, education level of pregnant women, weekly time outdoors, vitamin D and trace element supplement during pregnancy. Low vitamin D levels can increase the risk of spontaneous abortion and SGA in pregnant women, so relevant measures should be adopted to improve the vitamin D status of pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chaohu Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yongquan Chen
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Biomarker Translational Medicine, Medical Laboratory of Xiamen Humanity Hospital Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yuanhong Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Wang Z, Ding R, Wang J. The Association between Vitamin D Status and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2020; 13:E86. [PMID: 33383952 PMCID: PMC7824115 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between vitamin D status and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is well-investigated but remains to be elucidated. We quantitatively combined relevant studies to estimate whether vitamin D status was related to ASD in this work. PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched to include eligible studies. A random-effects model was applied to pool overall estimates of vitamin D concentration or odds ratio (OR) for ASD. In total, 34 publications involving 20,580 participants were identified in this present study. Meta-analysis of 24 case-control studies demonstrated that children and adolescents with ASD had significantly lower vitamin D concentration than that of the control group (mean difference (MD): -7.46 ng/mL, 95% confidence interval (CI): -10.26; -4.66 ng/mL, p < 0.0001, I2 = 98%). Quantitative integration of 10 case-control studies reporting OR revealed that lower vitamin D was associated with higher risk of ASD (OR: 5.23, 95% CI: 3.13; 8.73, p < 0.0001, I2 = 78.2%). Analysis of 15 case-control studies barring data from previous meta-analysis reached a similar result with that of the meta-analysis of 24 case-control studies (MD: -6.2, 95% CI: -9.62; -2.78, p = 0.0004, I2 = 96.8%), which confirmed the association. Furthermore, meta-analysis of maternal and neonatal vitamin D showed a trend of decreased early-life vitamin D concentration in the ASD group (MD: -3.15, 95% CI: -6.57; 0.26, p = 0.07, I2 = 99%). Meta-analysis of prospective studies suggested that children with reduced maternal or neonatal vitamin D had 54% higher likelihood of developing ASD (OR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.12; 2.10, p = 0.0071, I2 = 81.2%). These analyses indicated that vitamin D status was related to the risk of ASD. The detection and appropriate intervention of vitamin D deficiency in ASD patients and pregnant and lactating women have clinical and public significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuqun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Z.W.); (R.D.)
- Autism Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Z.W.); (R.D.)
- Autism Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Z.W.); (R.D.)
- Autism Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
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Kassem Z, Sitarik A, Levin AM, Lynch SV, Havstad S, Fujimura K, Kozyrskyj A, Ownby DR, Johnson CC, Yong GJM, Wegienka G, Cassidy-Bushrow AE. Maternal and cord blood vitamin D level and the infant gut microbiota in a birth cohort study. Matern Health Neonatol Perinatol 2020; 6:5. [PMID: 33101701 PMCID: PMC7576815 DOI: 10.1186/s40748-020-00119-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mounting evidence suggests both vitamin D and the early life gut microbiome influence childhood health outcomes. However, little is known about how these two important exposures are related. We aimed to examine associations between plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels during pregnancy or at delivery (cord blood) and infant gut microbiota. METHODS Maternal and cord blood 25[OH]D levels were assessed in a sample of pregnant women. Compositional analyses adjusted for race were run on the gut microbiota of their offspring at 1 and 6 months of age. RESULTS Mean prenatal 25(OH)D level was 25.04 ± 11.62 ng/mL and mean cord blood 25(OH)D level was 10.88 ± 6.77 ng/mL. Increasing prenatal 25(OH)D level was significantly associated with decreased richness (p = 0.028) and diversity (p = 0.012) of the gut microbiota at 1 month of age. Both prenatal and cord 25(OH)D were significantly associated with 1 month microbiota composition. A total of 6 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were significantly associated with prenatal 25(OH)D level (four positively and two negatively) while 11 OTUs were significantly associated with cord 25(OH)D (10 positively and one negatively). Of these, OTU 93 (Acinetobacter) and OTU 210 (Corynebacterium), were consistently positively associated with maternal and cord 25(OH)D; OTU 64 (Ruminococcus gnavus) was positively associated with prenatal 25(OH)D but negatively associated with cord 25(OH)D. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal maternal and cord blood 25(OH)D levels are associated with the early life gut microbiota. Future studies are needed to understand how vitamin D and the microbiome may interact to influence child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Kassem
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, 1 Ford Place, 5C, Detroit, MI 48202 USA
| | - Alexandra Sitarik
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, 1 Ford Place, 5C, Detroit, MI 48202 USA
| | - Albert M. Levin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, 1 Ford Place, 5C, Detroit, MI 48202 USA
| | - Susan V. Lynch
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Suzanne Havstad
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, 1 Ford Place, 5C, Detroit, MI 48202 USA
| | - Kei Fujimura
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Anita Kozyrskyj
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dennis R. Ownby
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Christine Cole Johnson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, 1 Ford Place, 5C, Detroit, MI 48202 USA
- Center for Urban Responses to Environmental Stressors, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI USA
| | | | - Ganesa Wegienka
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, 1 Ford Place, 5C, Detroit, MI 48202 USA
- Center for Urban Responses to Environmental Stressors, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI USA
| | - Andrea E. Cassidy-Bushrow
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, 1 Ford Place, 5C, Detroit, MI 48202 USA
- Center for Urban Responses to Environmental Stressors, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI USA
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