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Tsunoda Y, Yamadano-Adachi N, Koga Y, Omasa T. Sar1A overexpression in Chinese hamster ovary cells and its effects on antibody productivity and secretion. J Biosci Bioeng 2024:S1389-1723(24)00132-4. [PMID: 38806389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the most widely used for therapeutic antibody production. In cell line development, engineering secretion processes such as folding-related protein upregulation is an effective way of constructing cell lines with high recombinant protein productivity. However, there have been few studies on the transport of recombinant proteins between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus. In this study, Sar1A, a protein involved in COPII vesicle formation, was focused on to improve antibody productivity by enhancing COPII vesicle-mediated antibody transport from the ER to the Golgi apparatus, and to clarify its effect on the secretion process. The constructed Sar1A-overexpressing CHO cell lines were batch-cultured, in which they showed an increased specific antibody production rate. The intracellular antibody accumulation and the specific localization of the intracellular antibodies were investigated by chase assay using a translation inhibitor and observed by immunofluorescence-based imaging analysis. The results showed that Sar1A overexpression reduced intracellular antibody accumulation, especially in the ER. The effects of the engineered antibody transport on the antibody's glycosylation profile and the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and UPR-related gene expression evaluation, respectively. Sar1A overexpression lowered glycan galactosylation and induced a stronger UPR at the end of the batch culture. Sar1A overexpression enhanced the antibody productivity of CHO cells by modifying their secretion process. This approach could also contribute to the production of not only monoclonal antibodies but also other therapeutic proteins that require transport by COPII vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tsunoda
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Noriko Yamadano-Adachi
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Manufacturing Technology Association of Biologics, 7-1-49 Minatojima-minami, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan; Industrial Biotechnology Initiative Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuichi Koga
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Industrial Biotechnology Initiative Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takeshi Omasa
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Manufacturing Technology Association of Biologics, 7-1-49 Minatojima-minami, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan; Industrial Biotechnology Initiative Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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2
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Zhang X, Wang Y, Yi D, Zhang C, Ning B, Fu Y, Jia Y, Wang T, Wang X. Synergistic promotion of transient transgene expression in CHO cells by PDI/XBP-1s co-transfection and mild hypothermia. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024; 47:557-565. [PMID: 38416261 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-02987-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Transient gene expression system is an important tool for rapid production of recombinant proteins in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. However, their low productivity is the main hurdle to overcome. An effective approach through which to obtain high protein yield involves targeting transcriptional, post-transcriptional events (PTEs), and culture conditions. Here, we investigated the effects of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and spliced X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1s) co-overexpression combined with mild hypothermia on the transient yields of recombinant proteins in CHO cells. The results showed that the gene of interest (GOI) and the PDI/XBP-1s helper vector at a co-transfection ratio of 10:1 could obviously increase transient expression level of recombinant protein in CHO cells. However, PDI/XBP-1s overexpression had no significance effect on the mRNA levels of the recombinant protein, suggesting that it targeted PTEs. Moreover, the increased production was due to the enhancing of cell specific productivity, not related to cell growth, viability, and cell cycle. In addition, combined PDI/XBP-1s co-overexpression and mild hypothermia could further improve Adalimumab expression, compared to the control/37 °C and PDI/XBP-1s/37 °C, the Adalimumab volume yield of PDI/XBP-1s/33 °C increased by 203% and 142%, respectively. Mild hypothermia resulted in 3.52- and 2.33-fold increase in the relative mRNA levels of PDI and XBP-1s, respectively. In conclusion, the combination of PDI/XBP-1s overexpression and culture temperature optimization can achieve higher transient expression of recombinant protein, which provides a synergetic strategy to improve transient production of recombinant protein in CHO cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yaokun Wang
- The School of Medical Humanities, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Dandan Yi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Binhuan Ning
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yushun Fu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yanlong Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Tianyun Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Xiaoyin Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
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3
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Cui ZM, Feng YY, Gao YP, Wang HT, Lu JT, Guo JL, Xu HY, Qiu LL, Wang TY, Jia YL. Overexpression of YTHDF3 increases the specific productivity of the recombinant protein in CHO cells by promoting the translation process. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2400078. [PMID: 38651251 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202400078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Due to their high-quality characteristics, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells have become the most widely used and reliable host cells for the production of recombinant therapeutic proteins in the biomedical field. Previous studies have shown that the m6A reader YTHDF3, which contains the YTH domain, can affect a variety of biological processes by regulating the translation and stability of target mRNAs. This study investigates the effect of YTHDF3 on transgenic CHO cells. The results indicate that stable overexpression of YTHDF3 significantly enhances recombinant protein expression without affecting host cell growth. Transcriptome sequencing indicated that several genes, including translation initiation factor, translation extension factor, and ribosome assembly factor, were upregulated in CHO cells overexpressing YTHDF3. In addition, cycloheximide experiments confirmed that YTHDF3 enhanced transgene expression by promoting translation in CHO cells. In conclusion, the findings in this study provide a novel approach for mammalian cell engineering to increase protein productivity by regulating m6A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Ming Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Ying-Ying Feng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yan-Ping Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Hai-Tong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Jiang-Tao Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia-Liang Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Hong-Yan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Le-le Qiu
- School of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Tian-Yun Wang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yan-Long Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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Maltais JS, Lord-Dufour S, Morasse A, Stuible M, Loignon M, Durocher Y. Repressing expression of difficult-to-express recombinant proteins during the selection process increases productivity of CHO stable pools. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:2840-2852. [PMID: 37232536 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
More than half of licensed therapeutic recombinant proteins (r-proteins) are manufactured using constitutively-expressing, stably-transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) clones. While constitutive CHO expression systems have proven their efficacy for the manufacturing of monoclonal antibodies, many next-generation therapeutics such as cytokines and bispecific antibodies as well as biological targets such as ectodomains of transmembrane receptors remain intrinsically challenging to produce. Herein, we exploited a cumate-inducible CHO platform allowing reduced expression of various classes of r-proteins during selection of stable pools. Following stable pool generation, fed-batch productions showed that pools generated without cumate (OFF-pools) were significantly more productive than pools selected in the presence of cumate (ON-pools) for 8 out of the 10 r-proteins tested, including cytokines, G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), the HVEM membrane receptor ectodomain, the multifunctional protein High Mobility Group protein B1 (HMGB1), as well as monoclonal and bispecific T-cell engager antibodies. We showed that OFF-pools contain a significantly larger proportion of cells producing high levels of r-proteins and that these cells tend to proliferate faster when expression is turned off, suggesting that r-protein overexpression imposes a metabolic burden on the cells. Cell viability was lower and pool recovery was delayed during selection of ON-pools (mimicking constitutive expression), suggesting that high producers were likely lost or overgrown by faster-growing, low-producing cells. We also observed a correlation between the expression levels of the GPCRs with Binding immunoglobulin Protein, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress marker. Taken together, these data suggest that using an inducible system to minimize r-protein expression during stable CHO pool selection reduces cellular stresses, including ER stress and metabolic burden, leading to pools with greater frequency of high-expressing cells, resulting in improved volumetric productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Sébastien Maltais
- Mammalian Cell Expression, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Simon Lord-Dufour
- Mammalian Cell Expression, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Audrey Morasse
- Mammalian Cell Expression, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Matthew Stuible
- Mammalian Cell Expression, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Martin Loignon
- Mammalian Cell Expression, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yves Durocher
- Mammalian Cell Expression, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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5
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Chen Z, Yao J, Zhang P, Wang P, Ni S, Liu T, Zhao Y, Tang K, Sun Y, Qian Q, Wang X. Minimized antibiotic-free plasmid vector for gene therapy utilizing a new toxin-antitoxin system. Metab Eng 2023; 79:86-96. [PMID: 37451534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Approaches to improve plasmid-mediated transgene expression are needed for gene therapy and genetic immunization applications. The backbone sequences needed for the production of plasmids in bacterial hosts and the use of antibiotic resistance genes as selection markers represent biological safety risks. Here, we report the development of an antibiotic-free expression plasmid vector with a minimized backbone utilizing a new toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. The Rs_0636/Rs_0637 TA pair was derived from the coral-associated bacterium Roseivirga sp. The toxin gene is integrated into the chromosome of Escherichia coli host cells, and a recombinant mammalian expression plasmid is constructed by replacing the antibiotic resistance gene with the antitoxin gene Rs_0637 (here named Tiniplasmid). The Tiniplasmid system affords high selection efficiency (∼80%) for target gene insertion into the plasmid and has high plasmid stability in E. coli (at least 9 days) in antibiotic-free conditions. Furthermore, with the aim of reducing the size of the backbone sequence, we found that the antitoxin gene can be reduced to 153 bp without a significant reduction in selection efficiency. To develop its applications in gene therapy and DNA vaccines, the biosafety and efficiency of the Tiniplasmid-based eukaryotic gene delivery and expression were further evaluated in CHO-K1 cells. The results showed that Rs_0636/Rs_0637 has no cell toxicity and that the Tiniplasmid vector has a higher gene expression efficiency than the commercial vectors pCpGfree and pSTD in the eukaryotic cells. Altogether, the results demonstrate the potential of the Rs_0636/Rs_0637-based antibiotic-free plasmid vector for the development and production of safe and efficacious DNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1119, Haibin Road, Nansha District, Guangzhou, 511458, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jianyun Yao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1119, Haibin Road, Nansha District, Guangzhou, 511458, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), No. 1119, Haibin Road, Nansha District, Guangzhou, 511458, China.
| | - Pingjing Zhang
- Maxirna (Shanghai) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., China; Shanghai Cell Therapy Group Co., Ltd, China
| | - Pengxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1119, Haibin Road, Nansha District, Guangzhou, 511458, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), No. 1119, Haibin Road, Nansha District, Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Songwei Ni
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1119, Haibin Road, Nansha District, Guangzhou, 511458, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Maxirna (Shanghai) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., China; Shanghai Cell Therapy Group Co., Ltd, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1119, Haibin Road, Nansha District, Guangzhou, 511458, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kaihao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1119, Haibin Road, Nansha District, Guangzhou, 511458, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), No. 1119, Haibin Road, Nansha District, Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Shanghai University Mengchao Cancer Hospital, China
| | - Qijun Qian
- Maxirna (Shanghai) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., China; Shanghai Cell Therapy Group Co., Ltd, China; Shanghai University Mengchao Cancer Hospital, China
| | - Xiaoxue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1119, Haibin Road, Nansha District, Guangzhou, 511458, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), No. 1119, Haibin Road, Nansha District, Guangzhou, 511458, China.
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6
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Sou SN, Harris CL, Williams R, Kozub D, Zurlo F, Patel YD, Kallamvalli Illam Sankaran P, Daramola O, Brown A, James DC, Hatton D, Dunn S, Gibson SJ. CHO synthetic promoters improve expression and product quality of biotherapeutic proteins. Biotechnol Prog 2023; 39:e3348. [PMID: 37114854 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
When expressing complex biotherapeutic proteins, traditional expression plasmids and methods may not always yield sufficient levels of high-quality product. High-strength viral promoters commonly used for recombinant protein (rProtein) production in mammalian cells allow for maximal expression, but provide limited scope to alter their transcription dynamics. However, synthetic promoters designed to provide tunable transcriptional activity offer a plasmid engineering approach to more precisely regulate product quality, yield or to reduce product related contaminants. We substituted the viral promoter CMV with synthetic promoters that offer different transcriptional activities to express our gene of interest in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Stable pools were established and the benefits of regulating transgene transcription on the quality of biotherapeutics were examined in stable pool fed-batch overgrow experiments. Specific control of gene expression of the heavy chain (HC):light chain (LC) of a Fab, and the ratio between the two HCs in a Duet mAb reduced levels of aberrant protein contaminants; and the controlled expression of the helper gene XBP-1s improved expression of a difficult-to-express mAb. This synthetic promoter technology benefits applications that require custom activity. Our work highlights the advantages of employing synthetic promoters for production of more complex rProteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Nga Sou
- BioPharmaceutical Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claire L Harris
- BioPharmaceutical Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Dorota Kozub
- BioPharmaceutical Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fabio Zurlo
- BioPharmaceutical Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yash D Patel
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | | | - Adam Brown
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - David C James
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Diane Hatton
- BioPharmaceutical Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah Dunn
- BioPharmaceutical Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
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Ding L, Zhang X, Yu P, Peng F, Sun Y, Wu Y, Luo Z, Li H, Zeng Y, Wu M, Liu X. Genetically engineered nanovesicles mobilize synergistic antitumor immunity by ADAR1 silence and PDL1 blockade. Mol Ther 2023; 31:2489-2506. [PMID: 37087570 PMCID: PMC10422002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence has proved that RNA editing enzyme ADAR1, responsible for detecting endogenous RNA species, was significantly associated with poor response or resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Here, a genetically engineered nanovesicle (siAdar1-LNP@mPD1) was developed as an RNA interference nano-tool to overcome tumor resistance to ICB therapies. Small interfering RNA against ADAR1 (siAdar1) was packaged into a lipid nanoparticle (LNP), which was further coated with plasma membrane extracted from the genetically engineered cells overexpressing PD1. siAdar1-LNP@mPD1 could block the PD1/PDL1 immune inhibitory axis by presenting the PD1 protein on the coating membranes. Furthermore, siAdar1 could be effectively delivered into cancer cells by the designed nanovesicle to silence ADAR1 expression, resulting in an increased type I/II interferon (IFN-β/γ) production and making the cancer cells more sensitive to secreted effector cytokines such as IFN-γ with significant cell growth arrest. These integrated functions confer siAdar1-LNP@mPD1 with robust and comprehensive antitumor immunity, as evidenced by significant tumor growth regression, abscopal tumor prevention, and effective suppression of lung metastasis, through a global remodeling of the tumor immune microenvironment. Overall, we provided a promising translatable strategy to simultaneously silence ADAR1 and block PDL1 immune checkpoint to boost robust antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China; Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China; School of Rare Earths, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China; The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
| | - Peiwen Yu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China; The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
| | - Fang Peng
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China; The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
| | - Yupeng Sun
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China; The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
| | - Yanni Wu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China; The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
| | - Zijin Luo
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China; The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
| | - Hongsheng Li
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China; The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
| | - Yongyi Zeng
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China; The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
| | - Ming Wu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China; The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China; The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China; Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China; School of Rare Earths, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China.
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8
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Novel CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of LIG4 increases efficiency of site-specific integration in Chinese hamster ovary cell line. Biotechnol Lett 2022; 44:1063-1072. [PMID: 35918621 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03282-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the impact of deficiency of LIG4 gene on site-specific integration in CHO cells. RESULTS CHO cells are considered the most valuable mammalian cells in the manufacture of biological medicines, and genetic engineering of CHO cells can improve product yield and stability. The traditional method of inserting foreign genes by random integration (RI) requires multiple rounds of screening and selection, which may lead to location effects and gene silencing, making it difficult to obtain stable, high-yielding cell lines. Although site-specific integration (SSI) techniques may overcome the challenges with RI, its feasibility is limited by the very low efficiency of the technique. Recently, SSI efficiency has been enhanced in other mammalian cell types by inhibiting DNA ligase IV (Lig4) activity, which is indispensable in DNA double-strand break repair by NHEJ. However, this approach has not been evaluated in CHO cells. In this study, the LIG4 gene was knocked out of CHO cells using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing. Efficiency of gene targeting in LIG4-/--CHO cell lines was estimated by a green fluorescence protein promoterless reporter system. Notably, the RI efficiency, most likely mediated by NHEJ in CHO, was inhibited by LIG4 knockout, whereas SSI efficiency strongly increased 9.2-fold under the precise control of the promoter in the ROSA26 site in LIG4-/--CHO cells. Moreover, deletion of LIG4 had no obvious side effects on CHO cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Deficiency of LIG4 represents a feasible strategy to improve SSI efficiency and suggests it can be applied to develop and engineer CHO cell lines in the future.
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9
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Li ZM, Fan ZL, Wang XY, Wang TY. Factors Affecting the Expression of Recombinant Protein and Improvement Strategies in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:880155. [PMID: 35860329 PMCID: PMC9289362 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.880155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant therapeutic proteins (RTPs) are important parts of biopharmaceuticals. Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) have become the main cell hosts for the production of most RTPs approved for marketing because of their high-density suspension growth characteristics, and similar human post-translational modification patterns et al. In recent years, many studies have been performed on CHO cell expression systems, and the yields and quality of recombinant protein expression have been greatly improved. However, the expression levels of some proteins are still low or even difficult-to express in CHO cells. It is urgent further to increase the yields and to express successfully the “difficult-to express” protein in CHO cells. The process of recombinant protein expression of is a complex, involving multiple steps such as transcription, translation, folding processing and secretion. In addition, the inherent characteristics of molecular will also affect the production of protein. Here, we reviewed the factors affecting the expression of recombinant protein and improvement strategies in CHO cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Mei Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhen-Lin Fan
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang, China
- Institutes of Health Central Plain, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiao-Yin Wang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Tian-Yun Wang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Tian-Yun Wang,
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10
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Tyrosine O-sulfation proteoforms affect HIV-1 monoclonal antibody potency. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8433. [PMID: 35589938 PMCID: PMC9120178 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12423-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
CAP256V2LS, a broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody (bNAb), is being pursued as a promising drug for HIV-1 prevention. The total level of tyrosine-O-sulfation, a post-translational modification, was known to play a key role for antibody biological activity. More importantly, here wedescribe for the first time the significance of the tyrosine-O-sulfation proteoforms. We developed a hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) method to separate and quantify different sulfation proteoforms, which led to the direct functionality assessment of tyrosine-sulfated species. The fully sulfated (4-SO3) proteoform demonstrated the highest in vitro relative antigen binding potency and neutralization efficiency against a panel of HIV-1 viruses. Interestingly, highly variable levels of 4-SO3 were produced by different clonal CHO cell lines, which helped the bNAb process development towards production of a highly potent CAP256V2LS clinical product with high 4-SO3 proteoform. This study presents powerful insight for any biotherapeutic protein development where sulfation may play an important role in product efficacy.
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11
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Recent developments in miRNA based recombinant protein expression in CHO. Biotechnol Lett 2022; 44:671-681. [PMID: 35507207 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03250-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that the growing demand for recombinant therapeutic proteins has led to the expansion of the biopharmaceutical industry and the development of strategies to increase recombinant protein production in mammalian cell lines such as SP2/0 HEK and particularly Chinese hamster ovary cells. For a long time now, most investigations have been focused on increasing host cell productivity using genetic manipulating of cellular processes like cell cycle, apoptosis, cell growth, protein secretory and other pathways. In recent decades MicroRNAs beside different genetic engineering tools (e.g., TALEN, ZFN, and Crisper/Cas) have attracted further attention as a tool in the genetic engineering of host cells to increase protein expression levels. Their ability to simultaneously target multiple mRNAs involved in one or more cellular processes made them a favorable tool in this field. Accordingly, this study aimed to review the methods of selecting target miRNA for cell line engineering, miRNA gain- or loss-of-function strategies, examples of laboratory and pilot studies in this field and discussed advantages and disadvantages of this technology.
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12
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Huhn S, Chang M, Kumar A, Liu R, Jiang B, Betenbaugh M, Lin H, Nyberg G, Du Z. Chromosomal instability drives convergent and divergent evolution toward advantageous inherited traits in mammalian CHO bioproduction lineages. iScience 2022; 25:104074. [PMID: 35355517 PMCID: PMC8958363 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic instability of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells is implicated in production inconsistency through poorly defined mechanisms. Using a multi-omics approach, we analyzed the variations of CHO lineages derived from CHO-K1 cells. We identify an equilibrium between random genetic variation of the CHO genome and heritable traits driven by culture conditions, selection criteria, and genetic linkage. These inherited changes are associated with the selection pressures related to serum removal, suspension culture transition, protein expression, and secretion. We observed that a haploid reduction of a Chromosome 2 region after serum-free, suspension adaptation, was consistently inherited, suggesting common adaptation mechanisms. Genetic variations also included ∼200 insertions/deletions, ∼1000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and ∼300-2000 copy number variations, which were exacerbated after gene editing. In addition, heterochromatic chromosomes were preferentially lost as cells continuously evolved. Together, these observations demonstrate a highly plastic signature for adapted CHO cells and paves the way towards future host cell engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Huhn
- Process Cell Sciences, Biologics Process R&D, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Meiping Chang
- Process Cell Sciences, Biologics Process R&D, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Amit Kumar
- Process Cell Sciences, Biologics Process R&D, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Ren Liu
- Process Cell Sciences, Biologics Process R&D, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Bo Jiang
- Process Cell Sciences, Biologics Process R&D, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Michael Betenbaugh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Henry Lin
- Process Cell Sciences, Biologics Process R&D, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Gregg Nyberg
- Process Cell Sciences, Biologics Process R&D, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Zhimei Du
- Process Cell Sciences, Biologics Process R&D, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
- Corresponding author
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13
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Lai Z, Choudhury FK, Tang D, Liang X, Dean B, Misaghi S, Sangaraju D. LC-HRMS based Targeted Metabolomics for High-throughput and Quantitative Analysis of 21 Growth Inhibition Related Metabolites in CHO Cell Fed-Batch Cultures. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5348. [PMID: 35083760 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells have been widely used in the biopharmaceutical industry for production of therapeutic proteins. CHO cells in fed-batch cultures produce various amino acid-derived intermediate metabolites. These small molecule metabolic byproducts have proven to be critical to cell growth, culture performance, and more interestingly antibody drug productivity. Herein, we developed a liquid chromatography - high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) based targeted metabolomics approach for comprehensive quantification of total 21 growth inhibition related metabolites generated from 14 different amino acids in CHO cell fed-batch cultures. High throughput derivatization procedures, matrix-matched calibration curves, stable isotope-labeled internal standards, and accurate mass Full MS scan were utilized in order to achieve our goal for wide scope of metabolite screening as well as validity and reliability of metabolite quantification. We further present a novel analytical strategy for extending the assay's dynamic range by utilizing naturally occurring isotope M+1 ion as a quantification analogue in the circumstances where the principal M ion is beyond its calibration range. The integrated method was qualified for selectivity, sensitivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, isotope analysis and other analytical aspects to demonstrate assay robustness. We then applied this metabolomics approach to characterize metabolites of interest in a CHO cell based monoclonal antibody (mAb) production process with fed-batch bioreactor culture mode. Absolute quantification combined with multivariate statistical analysis illustrated that our target analytes derived from amino acids, especially from branched-chain amino acids, closely correlated with cell viability and significantly differentiated cellular stages in production process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijuan Lai
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Feroza K Choudhury
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Danming Tang
- Cell Culture and Bioprocess Operations Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiaorong Liang
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brian Dean
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shahram Misaghi
- Cell Culture and Bioprocess Operations Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dewakar Sangaraju
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
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14
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Fischer S, Mathias S, Stadermann A, Yang S, Schmieder V, Zeh N, Schmidt N, Richter P, Wright S, Zimmermann E, Ley Y, van der Meer J, Hartsch T, Bernloehr C, Otte K, Bradl H, Gamer M, Schulz P. Loss of a Newly Discovered microRNA in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells Leads to Upregulation of NGNA Sialylation on Monoclonal Antibodies. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 119:832-844. [PMID: 34935124 PMCID: PMC9306616 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are known not to express appreciable levels of the sialic acid residue N‐glycolylneuraminic acid (NGNA) on monoclonal antibodies. However, we actually have identified a recombinant CHO cell line expressing an IgG with unusually high levels of NGNA sialylation (>30%). Comprehensive multi‐OMICs based experimental analyses unraveled the root cause of this atypical sialylation: (1) expression of the cytidine monophosphate‐N‐acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) gene was spontaneously switched on, (2) CMAH mRNA showed an anti‐correlated expression to the newly discovered Cricetulus griseus (cgr) specific microRNA cgr‐miR‐111 and exhibits two putative miR‐111 binding sites, (3) miR‐111 expression depends on the transcription of its host gene SDK1, and (4) a single point mutation within the promoter region of the sidekick cell adhesion molecule 1 (SDK1) gene generated a binding site for the transcriptional repressor histone H4 transcription factor HINF‐P. The resulting transcriptional repression of SDK1 led to a downregulation of its co‐expressed miR‐111 and hence to a spontaneous upregulation of CMAH expression finally increasing NGNA protein sialylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Fischer
- Cell Line Development, Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397, Biberach, Germany
| | - Sven Mathias
- Early Stage Bioprocess Development, Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397, Biberach, Germany.,Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Hubertus-Liebrecht Strasse 35, 88400, Biberach, Germany
| | - Anna Stadermann
- Cell Line Development, Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397, Biberach, Germany
| | - Shumin Yang
- Process Science, Boehringer Ingelheim Fremont Inc., Fremont, CA, USA
| | - Valerie Schmieder
- Cell Line Development, Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397, Biberach, Germany
| | - Nikolas Zeh
- Cell Line Development, Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397, Biberach, Germany
| | - Nicoletta Schmidt
- Cell Line Development, Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397, Biberach, Germany
| | - Patrick Richter
- Cell Line Development, Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397, Biberach, Germany
| | - Sara Wright
- Analytical Science, Boehringer Ingelheim Fremont Inc., Fremont, CA, USA
| | - Eike Zimmermann
- Analytical Science, Boehringer Ingelheim Fremont Inc., Fremont, CA, USA
| | - Yan Ley
- Analytical Science, Boehringer Ingelheim Fremont Inc., Fremont, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Christian Bernloehr
- Early Stage Bioprocess Development, Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397, Biberach, Germany
| | - Kerstin Otte
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Hubertus-Liebrecht Strasse 35, 88400, Biberach, Germany
| | - Harald Bradl
- Protein Science, Bioprocess & Analytical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397, Biberach, Germany
| | - Martin Gamer
- Cell Line Development, Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397, Biberach, Germany
| | - Patrick Schulz
- Cell Line Development, Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397, Biberach, Germany
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15
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Kronenberg J, Schrödter K, Noll GA, Twyman RM, Prüfer D, Känel P. The tobacco phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein NtFT4 simultaneously improves vitality, growth, and protein yield in human cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:3770-3786. [PMID: 34110007 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The production of biopharmaceutical proteins in mammalian cells by transient expression or stable transformation requires robust and viable cells. Cell line engineering must therefore balance improved cell growth and viability with high productivity. We tested the ability of nonmammalian phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins to enhance cell proliferation in monolayers and suspension cultures. The tobacco protein NtFT4 improved the proliferation of multiple human cell lines. Viable cell density is usually impaired by efficient transfection, but we found that the number of HEK-293TNtFT4 cells at the peak of protein expression was twice that of standard HEK-293T cells, and the antibody yield increased by approximately one-third. Improved growth and viability were observed in different cell lines, in different culture media, and also after transient transfection, suggesting the beneficial trait is consistent and transferable. Additional modifications could boost the productivity of high-density HEK-293TNtFT4 cells even further as we showed for a fluorescent marker protein and recombinant antibody expressed in monolayer cultures. The HEK-293TNtFT4 cell line provides a new human model platform that increases cell proliferation, also achieving a fundamental improvement in recombinant protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kronenberg
- Department of Functional and Applied Genomics, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Münster, Germany
| | - Katrin Schrödter
- Department of Functional and Applied Genomics, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Münster, Germany
| | - Gundula A Noll
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Dirk Prüfer
- Department of Functional and Applied Genomics, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Philip Känel
- Department of Functional and Applied Genomics, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Münster, Germany
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16
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Cellular and Molecular Engineering of Glycan Sialylation in Heterologous Systems. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195950. [PMID: 34641494 PMCID: PMC8512710 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycans have been shown to play a key role in many biological processes, such as signal transduction, immunogenicity, and disease progression. Among the various glycosylation modifications found on cell surfaces and in biomolecules, sialylation is especially important, because sialic acids are typically found at the terminus of glycans and have unique negatively charged moieties associated with cellular and molecular interactions. Sialic acids are also crucial for glycosylated biopharmaceutics, where they promote stability and activity. In this regard, heterogenous sialylation may produce variability in efficacy and limit therapeutic applications. Homogenous sialylation may be achieved through cellular and molecular engineering, both of which have gained traction in recent years. In this paper, we describe the engineering of intracellular glycosylation pathways through targeted disruption and the introduction of carbohydrate active enzyme genes. The focus of this review is on sialic acid-related genes and efforts to achieve homogenous, humanlike sialylation in model hosts. We also discuss the molecular engineering of sialyltransferases and their application in chemoenzymatic sialylation and sialic acid visualization on cell surfaces. The integration of these complementary engineering strategies will be useful for glycoscience to explore the biological significance of sialic acids on cell surfaces as well as the future development of advanced biopharmaceuticals.
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17
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Xiao S, Ahmed W, Mohsin A, Guo M. Continuous Feeding Reduces the Generation of Metabolic Byproducts and Increases Antibodies Expression in Chinese Hamster Ovary-K1 Cells. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11090945. [PMID: 34575094 PMCID: PMC8469772 DOI: 10.3390/life11090945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the most important host system used for monoclonal antibody (mAb) expression. Moreover, the fed-batch culture mode is the most widely used method to increase mAb expression in CHO cells by increasing the amount of feed. However, a high amount of culture feed results in the production of metabolic byproducts. In this work, we used a continuous feeding strategy to reduce metabolic byproducts and improve mouse–human chimeric anti-epidermal growth factor receptor vIII (EGFRvIII) antibody C12 expression in Chinese hamster ovary-K1 cells. Moreover, the effects of the feeding strategy on the cell culture and monoclonal antibody production were evaluated in chemically defined suspension cultures of recombinant CHO-K1 cells. Compared with bolus feeding methods, the continuous feeding method did not have any advantages when the feeding amount was low, but with a high feeding amount, the continuous feeding method significantly reduced the concentrations of lactate and NH4+ in the later culture stage. At the end of the culture stage, compared with bolus feeding methods, the lactate and NH4+ concentrations under the continuous feeding mode were reduced by approximately 45% and 80%, respectively. In addition, the antibody C12 expression level was also increased by almost 10%. Compared to the bolus feeding method, the antibody C12 produced by the continuous feeding method had a lower content of high-mannose glycoforms. Further analysis found that the osmolality of the continuous feeding method was lower than that of the typical fed-batch bolus feeding method. Conclusively, these results indicate that the continuous feeding method is very useful for reducing metabolic byproducts and achieving higher levels of mAb production.
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18
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Liao C, An J, Yi S, Tan Z, Wang H, Li H, Guan X, Liu J, Wang Q. FUT8 and Protein Core Fucosylation in Tumours: From Diagnosis to Treatment. J Cancer 2021; 12:4109-4120. [PMID: 34093814 PMCID: PMC8176256 DOI: 10.7150/jca.58268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation changes are key molecular events in tumorigenesis, progression and glycosyltransferases play a vital role in the this process. FUT8 belongs to the fucosyltransferase family and is the key enzyme involved in N-glycan core fucosylation. FUT8 and/or core fucosylated proteins are frequently upregulated in liver, lung, colorectal, pancreas, prostate,breast, oral cavity, oesophagus, and thyroid tumours, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, ependymoma, medulloblastoma and glioblastoma multiforme and downregulated in gastric cancer. They can be used as markers of cancer diagnosis, occurrence, progression and prognosis. Core fucosylated EGFR, TGFBR, E-cadherin, PD1/PD-L1 and α3β1 integrin are potential targets for tumour therapy. In addition, IGg1 antibody defucosylation can improve antibody affinity, which is another aspect of FUT8 that could be applied to tumour therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Liao
- Special Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research, Higher Education Institution in Guizhou Province, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Jiaxing An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Suqin Yi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Zhangxue Tan
- Special Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research, Higher Education Institution in Guizhou Province, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Hao Li
- Special Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research, Higher Education Institution in Guizhou Province, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Xiaoyan Guan
- Department of Orthodontics II, Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Special Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research, Higher Education Institution in Guizhou Province, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Special Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research, Higher Education Institution in Guizhou Province, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China.,Microbial Resources and Drug Development Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, Life Sciences Institute, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
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19
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Tan CH, Nomanbhay S, Shamsuddin AH, Show PL. Recent Progress in Harvest and Recovery Techniques of Mammalian and Algae Cells for Industries. Indian J Microbiol 2021; 61:279-282. [PMID: 34294993 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-021-00930-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In our modern world, biotechnology products play important roles not only in our health and culture, but also various industries such as food, agriculture, sewage treatment, biofuels, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals. Rapid technological advances in biotechnology over the last few decades have allowed industrial integration of mammalian cells (like the Chinese hamster ovary cells) and algae cells in pharmaceutical and biofuel industries to produce commercial products and valuable biomolecules. However, the cost of cell harvest and recovery can become expensive depending on the harvesting technique, degree of purification, and intended use of the end-products. This has led to numerous research in exploring and developing efficient harvesting techniques. Therefore, in this review, the popular harvesting techniques and their recent applications will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Hong Tan
- Institute of Sustainable Energy (ISE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Saifuddin Nomanbhay
- Institute of Sustainable Energy (ISE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Abd Halim Shamsuddin
- Institute of Sustainable Energy (ISE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
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20
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Dryden WA, Larsen LM, Britt DW, Smith MT. Technical and economic considerations of cell culture harvest and clarification technologies. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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21
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Ogata N, Nishimura A, Matsuda T, Kubota M, Omasa T. Single-cell transcriptome analyses reveal heterogeneity in suspension cultures and clonal markers of CHO-K1 cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 118:944-951. [PMID: 33179258 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cell-to-cell variability in cell populations arises from a combination of intrinsic factors and extrinsic factors related to the milieu. However, the heterogeneity of high cell density suspension cultures for therapeutic protein production remains unknown. Here, we illustrate the increasing heterogeneity in the cellular transcriptome of serum-free adapted CHO K1 cells during high cell density suspension culture over time without concomitant changes in the genomic sequence. Cell cycle-dependent subpopulations and cell clusters, which typically appear in other single-cell transcriptome analyses, were not found in these suspension cultures. Our results indicate that cell division changes the intracellular microenvironment and leads to cell cycle-dependent heterogeneity. Whole mitochondrial single-cell genome sequencing showed cell-to-cell mitochondrial genome variation and heteroplasmy within cells. The mitochondrial genome sequencing method developed here is potentially useful for the validation of cell clonality. The culture time-dependent increase in cellular heterogeneity observed in this study did not show any attenuation in this increasing heterogeneity. Future advances in bioengineering such as culture upscaling, prolonged culturing, and complex culture systems will be confronted with the need to assess and control cellular heterogeneity, and the method described here may prove useful for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norichika Ogata
- Nihon BioData Corporation, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.,Medicale Meccanica, Inc., Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.,Manufacturing Technology Association of Biologics, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Akio Nishimura
- Nihon BioData Corporation, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoko Matsuda
- Nihon BioData Corporation, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Michi Kubota
- Chitose Laboratory Corporation, Nogawa, Miyamae, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Omasa
- Manufacturing Technology Association of Biologics, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.,Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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22
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Establishment of fast-growing serum-free immortalised cells from Chinese hamster lung tissues for biopharmaceutical production. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17612. [PMID: 33077772 PMCID: PMC7572389 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74735-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) ovary-derived Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the most commonly used mammalian hosts for the industrial production of recombinant therapeutics because of their ability to fold, assemble, and perform post-translational modifications, such as glycosylation, on proteins. They are also valuable for their ability to grow in serum-free suspension cultures. In this study, we established a cell line derived from lung tissue of Chinese hamsters, named Chinese hamster lung (CHL)-YN cells. The biosafety of CHL-YN cells was confirmed by in vitro sterility testing, mycoplasma detection, and reverse transcriptase assays. One of the key characteristics of CHL-YN cells was their doubling time of 8.1 h in chemically defined culture medium; thus, they proliferate much faster than conventional CHO cells and general mammalian cells. Transgenes could be introduced into CHL-YN cells with high efficiency. Finally, between 50% to > 100% of the amount of glycosylated immunoglobulin G (IgG)1 produced by CHO-K1 cells was produced by CHL-YN cells over a shorter period of time. In summary, fast-growing CHL-YN cells are a unique cell line for producing recombinant proteins.
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Mobasheri A, Choi H, Martín-Vasallo P. Over-Production of Therapeutic Growth Factors for Articular Cartilage Regeneration by Protein Production Platforms and Protein Packaging Cell Lines. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9100330. [PMID: 33050357 PMCID: PMC7599991 DOI: 10.3390/biology9100330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis across the world. Most of the existing drugs for OA treat the symptoms of pain and inflammation. There are no drugs that can dure the disease. There are a number of new treatments for OA including cell therapy and gene therapy. This articles outlines the concept behind TissueGene-C, a new biological drug for OA. This new treatment includes cartilage cells mixed with a genetically modified cell line called GP2-293, which is effectively a “drug factory”, over-producing the growth factors that are important for cartilage regeneration and changing the environment inside joints. The mixture is injected into the affected knee joint. These cells are designed to be short-lived and cannot reproduce. Therefore, after they have done their job, they die and are cleared by immune cells. This is a new and modern approach to treating OA and TissueGene-C is the prototype cell therapy for OA. In the future, it is entirely possible to combine different clones of genetically engineered cells like GP2-293 that have been designed to over-produce a growth factor or biological drug with cells from the cartilage endplate of the intervertebral disc to treat degeneration in the spine. Abstract This review article focuses on the current state-of-the-art cellular and molecular biotechnology for the over-production of clinically relevant therapeutic and anabolic growth factors. We discuss how the currently available tools and emerging technologies can be used for the regenerative treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). Transfected protein packaging cell lines such as GP-293 cells may be used as “cellular factories” for large-scale production of therapeutic proteins and pro-anabolic growth factors, particularly in the context of cartilage regeneration. However, when irradiated with gamma or x-rays, these cells lose their capacity for replication, which makes them safe for use as a live cell component of intra-articular injections. This innovation is already here, in the form of TissueGene-C, a new biological drug that consists of normal allogeneic primary chondrocytes combined with transduced GP2-293 cells that overexpress the growth factor transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). TissueGene-C has revolutionized the concept of cell therapy, allowing drug companies to develop live cells as biological drug delivery systems for direct intra-articular injection of growth factors whose half-lives are in the order of minutes. Therefore, in this paper, we discuss the potential for new innovations in regenerative medicine for degenerative diseases of synovial joints using mammalian protein production platforms, specifically protein packaging cell lines, for over-producing growth factors for cartilage tissue regeneration and give recent examples. Mammalian protein production platforms that incorporate protein packaging eukaryotic cell lines are superior to prokaryotic bacterial expression systems and are likely to have a significant impact on the development of new humanized biological growth factor therapies for treating focal cartilage defects and more generally for the treatment of degenerative joint diseases such as OA, especially when injected directly into the joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mobasheri
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Departments of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Versus Arthritis Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
- Correspondence: or
| | - Heonsik Choi
- Kolon TissueGene, Inc., Rockville, MD 20850, USA;
- Healthcare Research Institute, Kolon Advanced Research Center, Kolon Industries, Inc., Magok-dong, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07793, Korea
| | - Pablo Martín-Vasallo
- UD of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Spain;
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Mobasheri A, Richardson SM. Cell and Gene Therapy for Spine Regeneration: Mammalian Protein Production Platforms for Overproduction of Therapeutic Proteins and Growth Factors. Neurosurg Clin N Am 2020; 31:131-139. [PMID: 31739923 PMCID: PMC6899505 DOI: 10.1016/j.nec.2019.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mobasheri
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariskiu 5, Vilnius 08661, Lithuania; Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, Oulu FI-90014, Finland; Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK; King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Stephen M Richardson
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
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25
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Fontana IC, Zimmer AR, Rocha AS, Gosmann G, Souza DO, Lourenco MV, Ferreira ST, Zimmer ER. Amyloid-β oligomers in cellular models of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2020; 155:348-369. [PMID: 32320074 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) dysmetabolism is tightly associated with pathological processes in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Currently, it is thought that, in addition to Aβ fibrils that give rise to plaque formation, Aβ aggregates into non-fibrillar soluble oligomers (AβOs). Soluble AβOs have been extensively studied for their synaptotoxic and neurotoxic properties. In this review, we discuss physicochemical properties of AβOs and their impact on different brain cell types in AD. Additionally, we summarize three decades of studies with AβOs, providing a compelling bulk of evidence regarding cell-specific mechanisms of toxicity. Cellular models may lead us to a deeper understanding of the detrimental effects of AβOs in neurons and glial cells, putatively shedding light on the development of innovative therapies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor C Fontana
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Aline R Zimmer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andreia S Rocha
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Grace Gosmann
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Diogo O Souza
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mychael V Lourenco
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sergio T Ferreira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Zimmer
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics,, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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26
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Schirmer C, Müller J, Steffen N, Werner S, Eibl R, Eibl D. How to Produce mAbs in a Cube-Shaped Stirred Single-Use Bioreactor at 200 L Scale. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2095:169-186. [PMID: 31858468 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0191-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Single-use bioreactors have increasingly been used in recent years, for both research and development as well as industrial production, especially in mammalian cell-based processes. Among the numerous single-use bioreactors available today, wave-mixed bags and stirred systems dominate. Wave-mixed single-use bioreactors are the system of choice for inoculum production, while stirred single-use bioreactors are most often preferred for antibody expression. For this reason, the present chapter describes protocols instructing the reader to use the wave-mixed BIOSTAT® RM 50 for cell expansion and to produce a monoclonal antibody (mAb) in Pall's Allegro™ STR 200 at pilot scale for the first time. All methods described are based on a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) suspension cell line expressing a recombinant immunoglobulin G (IgG).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Schirmer
- School of Life Sciences and Facility Management, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland.
| | - Jan Müller
- School of Life Sciences and Facility Management, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Nina Steffen
- School of Life Sciences and Facility Management, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Sören Werner
- School of Life Sciences and Facility Management, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Regine Eibl
- School of Life Sciences and Facility Management, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Dieter Eibl
- School of Life Sciences and Facility Management, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland
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27
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Schenke-Layland K, Liebscher S, Layland SL. Use of Extracellular Matrix Proteins and Natural Materials in Bioengineering. Biomater Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816137-1.00028-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Establishment of DHFR-deficient HEK293 cells for high yield of therapeutic glycoproteins. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 128:487-494. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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29
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Krebs LE, Bowden DM, Bray CM, Shaw MM, Frye CC. Effective and efficient characterization of Chinese hamster ovary production cell lines using automated intracellular staining and statistical modeling. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 34:570-583. [PMID: 29882242 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian cell line development is critical to bioproduct manufacturing. Success requires selecting a line with desirable performance characteristics, including consistent expression throughout the proposed manufacturing window. Given the genetic and phenotypic flux inherent to immortalized lines such as Chinese hamster ovary cells, clonally-derived cell line characterization is vital. We describe here the development and implementation of a novel addition to our characterization approach to ensure production cell line suitability: automated intracellular staining with statistical modeling. Case studies are presented which highlight this method's sensitivity to epigenetic expression effects, closing a gap left by our historically-leveraged genetic suitability characterization. Additionally, we demonstrate how an orthogonal, complimentary assay can help identify opportunities for improvement in even a well-established methodology such as our genetic suitability assessment. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:570-583, 2018.
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30
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Schneider A, Gorr IH, Larraillet V, Frensing T, Popp O. Reduction of IL-2 fragmentation during manufacturing of a novel immunocytokine by DoE process optimization. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:2503-2513. [PMID: 31180133 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a potent molecule in cancer therapy. Clinical application, however, is limited due to its strong side effects during the treatment. We developed an IL-2 variant (IL-2v) immunocytokine to circumvent the drawbacks of the current IL-2 therapy. During the production of the IL-2v immunocytokine in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, molecules with fragmented IL-2v and therefore reduced cytokine activity can be observed. To control product fragmentation different production process conditions were investigated. By shifting temperature or pH after the cell growth phase to lower values, fragmented species can be reduced from 10% to 12% to about 4%. However, with the adopted process conditions, the effective titer is decreased concomitantly. Moreover, fermentation length and inoculation cell density are parameters to adjust fragmentation and effective titer. A suitable method for efficient process optimization is the design of experiment approach. With this procedure, novel optimal values for temperature, pH value, harvest day, and inoculation cell densities were proposed and tested subsequently. In comparison to the former process, the improved process reduces fragmentation by 66% while keeping the effective titer comparable. In summary, these findings will help to control fragmentation in CHO production processes of different IL-2v or IL-2 containing therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Schneider
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Cell Culture Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo H Gorr
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Cell Culture Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Munich, Germany.,Early Stage Bioprocess Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Vincent Larraillet
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Biochemical and Analytical Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - Timo Frensing
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Cell Culture Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Popp
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Cell Culture Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Munich, Germany
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31
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Talebi S, Saeedinia A, Zeinoddini M, Ahmadpour F, Sadeghizadeh M. Evaluation of a single amino acid substitution at position 79 of human IFN-α2b in interferon-receptor assembly and activity. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 49:735-743. [PMID: 31135267 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2019.1566143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) are homologous cytokines that bind to a cell surface receptor and establish signaling pathways that motivate immune responses. The purpose of the current study is to assess the activity of a novel-engineered IFN-α2b. The crystallographic structure of IFN-α2b and its receptors was acquired from Protein Data Bank. Various amino acid substitutions were designed based on structural properties and other biological characteristics of residues to find the most effective amino acid on IFN affinity to advanced activities. The IFN-α2b mutants and receptors have been modeled and the interactions between two proteins have been studied as in silico by protein-protein docking for both mutants and native forms. The proper nucleic acid sequence IFN-α2 (T79Q) has been prepared based on the selected mutant. The modified IFN gene was cloned in pcDNA 3.1(-) and introduced to Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell line. Antiviral and antiproliferative assays of native and IFN-α2 (T79Q) proteins were performed in vitro. The results showed two-fold increasing in IFN-α2 (T79Q) activity (antiviral and antiproliferative activity) in comparison to native IFN-α2b. This engineered IFN-α2b may have significant novel therapeutic applications and in silico studies can be an influential method for practical research function and structure of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Talebi
- a Malek Ashtar University of Technology , Tehran , Iran.,b Trauma Research Centre, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | | | | | - Fathollah Ahmadpour
- b Trauma Research Centre, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Majid Sadeghizadeh
- c Department of Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran , Iran
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Mobasheri A. Future Cell and Gene Therapy for Osteoarthritis (OA): Potential for Using Mammalian Protein Production Platforms, Irradiated and Transfected Protein Packaging Cell Lines for Over-Production of Therapeutic Proteins and Growth Factors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1247:17-31. [PMID: 31884529 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In this paper I provide a personal perspective on future prospects for cell and gene therapy for osteoarthritis (OA) and how mammalian protein production platforms, virally transfected and irradiated protein packaging cell lines may be used as "cellular factories" for over-production of therapeutic proteins and growth factors, particularly in the context of intra-articular regenerative therapies. I will also speculate on future opportunities and challenges in this area of research and how new innovations in biotechnology will impact on the field of cell and gene therapy for OA, related osteoarticular disorders and the broader discipline of regenerative medicine for musculoskeletal disorders. Mammalian protein production platforms are likely to have a significant impact on synovial joint diseases that are amenable to cell and gene therapy using therapeutic proteins and growth factors. Future cell and gene therapy for OA will need to re-consider the current strategies that employ primary, aged and senescent cells with feeble regenerative properties and seriously consider the use of mammalian protein production platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mobasheri
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania. .,Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK. .,Sheik Salem Bin Mahfouz Scientific Chair for Treatment of Osteoarthritis with Stem Cells, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Naddafi F, Shirazi FH, Talebkhan Y, Tabarzad M, Barkhordari F, Aliabadi Farahani Z, Bayat E, Moazzami R, Mahboudi F, Davami F. A comparative study of the bispecific monoclonal antibody, blinatumomab expression in CHO cells and E. coli. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 48:961-967. [PMID: 30461361 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2018.1525562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The "bispecifics" market improved over the past decade due to the development of many technological platforms including bispecific T cell engagers (BiTEs). The approval of blinatumomab, the most advanced bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) in clinical trials, can be a significant milestone in the development of bispecific antibodies. Both Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and E. coli strain are considered as the most widely used hosts for the large-scale production of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. Since both of the economic and qualitative aspects of protein production are important in industry, selection of a suitable protein expression system is very critical. The BsAb gene was cloned into the expression vectors FC550A-1, pcDNA3.1 (+), and PET22b and 6 × His-tagged BsAb then purified on a Ni-NTA chromatography column. Both SDS-PAGE and Western blotting analysis of the purified protein demonstrated that blinatumomab was successfully expressed as a 55 kDa in both expression systems. The antigen-binding properties of blinatumomab were compared in the mammalian system versus Escherichia coli. The results showed that the purified antibody from a mammalian expression system has better binding activity than the one from E. coli host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Naddafi
- a Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Farshad H Shirazi
- a Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Yeganeh Talebkhan
- b Biotechnology Research Center , Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Maryam Tabarzad
- c Protein Technology Research Center , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | | | - Zahra Aliabadi Farahani
- b Biotechnology Research Center , Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran.,d Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch , Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Elham Bayat
- b Biotechnology Research Center , Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran.,e Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch , Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Reza Moazzami
- b Biotechnology Research Center , Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Fereidoun Mahboudi
- b Biotechnology Research Center , Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Fatemeh Davami
- b Biotechnology Research Center , Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
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Effects of lithium on the secretory production of recombinant antibody from insect cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2018; 55:1-6. [PMID: 30382493 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-018-0303-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies and antibody fragments are widely used in therapeutics and diagnoses. While mammalian cells serve as the host cells for antibody production, insect cells can produce large quantities of secretory antibodies in serum-free suspension cultures. The effects of lithium on the processes of autophagy and apoptosis in mammalian cells are well chronicled. In the present study, stably transformed insect cells, which produce an engineered antibody molecule, were cultured with lithium chloride in a serum-free medium. Treatment with lithium chloride induced autophagy and apoptosis in recombinant insect cells and led to increases in the yields of secreted antibodies.
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Kaushik P, Henry M, Clynes M, Meleady P. The Expression Pattern of the Phosphoproteome Is Significantly Changed During the Growth Phases of Recombinant CHO Cell Culture. Biotechnol J 2018; 13:e1700221. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kaushik
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology; Dublin City University; Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - Michael Henry
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology; Dublin City University; Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - Martin Clynes
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology; Dublin City University; Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - Paula Meleady
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology; Dublin City University; Dublin 9 Ireland
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Genome sequence comparison between Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) DG44 cells and mouse using end sequences of CHO BAC clones based on BAC-FISH results. Cytotechnology 2018; 70:1399-1407. [PMID: 29987698 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0233-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells have frequently been used in biotechnology as a mammalian host cell platform for expressing genes of interest. Previously, we constructed a detailed physical chromosomal map of the CHO DG44 cell line by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) imaging using 303 bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones as hybridization probes (BAC-FISH). BAC-FISH results revealed that the two longest chromosomes were completely paired. However, other chromosomes featured partial deletions or rearrangements. In this study, we determined the end sequences of 303 BAC clones (BAC end sequences), which were used for BAC-FISH probes. Among 606 BAC-end sequences (BESs) (forward and reverse ends), 558 could be determined. We performed a comparison between all determined BESs and mouse genome sequences using NCBI BLAST. Among these 558 BESs, 465 showed high homology to mouse chromosomal sequences. We analyzed the locations of these BACs in chromosomes of the CHO DG44 cell line using a physical chromosomal map. From the obtained results, we investigated the regional similarities among CHO chromosomes (A-T) and mouse chromosomes (1-19 and sex) about 217 BESs (46.7% of 465 high homologous BESs). Twenty-three specific narrow regions in 13 chromosomes of the CHO DG44 cell line showed high homology to mouse chromosomes, but most of other regions did not show significant correlations with the mouse genome. These results contribute to accurate alignments of chromosomes of Chinese hamster and its genome sequence, analysis of chromosomal instability in CHO cells, and the development of target locations for gene and/or genome editing techniques.
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Yanaka S, Yagi H, Yogo R, Yagi-Utsumi M, Kato K. Stable isotope labeling approaches for NMR characterization of glycoproteins using eukaryotic expression systems. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2018; 71:193-202. [PMID: 29492730 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-018-0169-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Glycoproteins are characterized by the heterogeneous and dynamic nature of their glycan moieties, which hamper crystallographic analysis. NMR spectroscopy provides potential advantages in dealing with such complicated systems, given that the target molecules can be isotopically labeled. Methods of metabolic isotope labeling in recombinant glycoproteins have been developed recently using a variety of eukaryotic production vehicles, including mammalian, yeast, insect, and plant cells, each of which has a distinct N-glycan diversification pathway. Yeast genetic engineering has enabled the overexpression of homogeneous high-mannose-type oligosaccharides with 13C labeling for NMR characterization of their conformational dynamics. The utility of stable isotope-assisted NMR spectroscopy has also been demonstrated using the Fc fragment of immunoglobulin G (IgG) as a model glycoprotein, providing useful information regarding intramolecular carbohydrate-protein interactions. Transverse relaxation optimization of intact IgG with a molecular mass of 150 kDa has been achieved by tailored deuteration of selected amino acid residues using a mammalian expression system. This offers a useful probe for the characterization of molecular interaction networks in multimolecular crowded systems typified by serum. Perspectives regarding the development of techniques for tailoring glycoform designs and isotope labeling of recombinant glycoproteins are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeko Yanaka
- Institute for Molecular Science and Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Yagi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Rina Yogo
- Institute for Molecular Science and Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Maho Yagi-Utsumi
- Institute for Molecular Science and Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Institute for Molecular Science and Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan.
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
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Methods for Using Small Non-Coding RNAs to Improve Recombinant Protein Expression in Mammalian Cells. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9010025. [PMID: 29315258 PMCID: PMC5793178 DOI: 10.3390/genes9010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to produce recombinant proteins by utilizing different “cell factories” revolutionized the biotherapeutic and pharmaceutical industry. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the dominant industrial producer, especially for antibodies. Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK), while not being as widely used as CHO cells, are used where CHO cells are unable to meet the needs for expression, such as growth factors. Therefore, improving recombinant protein expression from mammalian cells is a priority, and continuing effort is being devoted to this topic. Non-coding RNAs are RNA segments that are not translated into a protein and often have a regulatory role. Since their discovery, major progress has been made towards understanding their functions. Non-coding RNA has been investigated extensively in relation to disease, especially cancer, and recently they have also been used as a method for engineering cells to improve their protein expression capability. In this review, we provide information about methods used to identify non-coding RNAs with the potential of improving recombinant protein expression in mammalian cell lines.
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Romanova N, Noll T. Engineered and Natural Promoters and Chromatin-Modifying Elements for Recombinant Protein Expression in CHO Cells. Biotechnol J 2017; 13:e1700232. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadiya Romanova
- Cell Culture Technology; Faculty of Technology; Bielefeld University; Germany
| | - Thomas Noll
- Cell Culture Technology; Faculty of Technology; Bielefeld University; Germany
- Bielefeld University; Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec); Germany
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40
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Onitsuka M, Kinoshita Y, Nishizawa A, Tsutsui T, Omasa T. Enhanced IgG1 production by overexpression of nuclear factor kappa B inhibitor zeta (NFKBIZ) in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Cytotechnology 2017; 70:675-685. [PMID: 29188404 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-017-0170-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Several engineering strategies have been employed to improve the production of therapeutic recombinant proteins in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines. We have focused on unfolded protein response-based engineering and reported that ATF4 overexpression increases protein production. In this study, transcriptome analysis of ATF4-overexpressed CHO cells was performed using high-coverage expression profiling, to search for another key factor contributing to recombinant protein production. We observed the upregulated expression of transcription factor, nuclear factor (NF)-kappa-B inhibitor zeta (NFKBIZ or Iκbζ), in ATF4-overexpressed cells. A total of 1917 bp of CHO NFKBIZ cDNA was cloned, and two stable cell lines overexpressing NFKBIZ were constructed. We investigated the effects of NFKBIZ on IgG1 production in CHO cells. Although the two stable cell lines, NFKBIZ-A and -B, had the opposite phenotypes in cell growth, the specific IgG1 production rate of both cell lines was enhanced by 1.2-1.4-fold. In the NFKBIZ-A cell line, the synergistic effect between enhanced viable cell density and improved specific IgG1 production rate brought about a large increase in the final IgG1 titer. Luciferase-based NF-κB signaling assay results suggest that altered p50/p50 signaling seems to be due to the opposite phenotypes in cell growth. No difference was observed in the translational levels and intracellular assembly states of IgG1 between mock and two NFKBIZ cell lines, indicating that the secretion machinery of correctly folded IgG1 was enhanced in NFKBIZ-overexpressing cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Onitsuka
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Minamijosanjima-cho 2-1, Tokushima, 770-8513, Japan.
| | - Yukie Kinoshita
- Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University, 2-1, Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima, 770-8513, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Nishizawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomomi Tsutsui
- Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University, 2-1, Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima, 770-8513, Japan
| | - Takeshi Omasa
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Minamijosanjima-cho 2-1, Tokushima, 770-8513, Japan.,Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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41
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Stolfa G, Smonskey MT, Boniface R, Hachmann AB, Gulde P, Joshi AD, Pierce AP, Jacobia SJ, Campbell A. CHO-Omics Review: The Impact of Current and Emerging Technologies on Chinese Hamster Ovary Based Bioproduction. Biotechnol J 2017; 13:e1700227. [PMID: 29072373 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
CHO cells are the most prevalent platform for modern bio-therapeutic production. Currently, there are several CHO cell lines used in bioproduction with distinct characteristics and unique genotypes and phenotypes. These differences limit advances in productivity and quality that can be achieved by the most common approaches to bioprocess optimization and cell line engineering. Incorporating omics-based approaches into current bioproduction processes will complement traditional methodologies to maximize gains from CHO engineering and bioprocess improvements. In order to highlight the utility of omics technologies in CHO bioproduction, the authors discuss current applications as well as limitations of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, fluxomics, glycomics, and multi-omics approaches and the potential they hold for the future of bioproduction. Multiple omics approaches are currently being used to improve CHO bioprocesses; however, the application of these technologies is still limited. As more CHO-omic datasets become available and integrated into systems models, the authors expect significant gains in product yield and quality. While individual omics technologies provide incremental improvements in bioproduction, the authors will likely see the most significant gains by applying multi-omics and systems biology approaches to individual CHO cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gino Stolfa
- Bioproduction R&D, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Grand Island, USA
| | | | - Ryan Boniface
- Bioproduction R&D, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Grand Island, USA
| | | | - Paul Gulde
- Bioproduction R&D, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Grand Island, USA
| | - Atul D Joshi
- Bioproduction R&D, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Grand Island, USA
| | - Anson P Pierce
- Bioproduction R&D, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Grand Island, USA
| | - Scott J Jacobia
- Bioproduction R&D, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Grand Island, USA
| | - Andrew Campbell
- Bioproduction R&D, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Grand Island, USA
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42
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Modifications of a signal sequence for antibody secretion from insect cells. Cytotechnology 2017; 70:891-898. [PMID: 28584932 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-017-0109-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies and antibody fragments have recently been developed for use in diverse diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Insect cells can efficiently secrete recombinant proteins such as antibody molecules through post-translational processing and modifications that are similar to those performed in mammalian cells. In eukaryotic cells, the signal sequence in a nascent polypeptide is recognized by the signal recognition particle, and the polypeptide is then folded and modified in the endoplasmic reticulum. The signal sequence consists of three regions, a positively charged N-terminus, a hydrophobic core, and a polar C-terminus. In the present study, we examined the substitutions of the characteristic amino acids of a Drosophila immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein signal sequence, and investigated the effect on the secretory production of an antibody Fab fragment from lepidopteran insect cells in transient expression. A modification of the signal sequence for the heavy chain resulted in a twofold increase in the secreted Fab fragment, while the modification for the light chain led to a more than 3.6-fold increase.
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43
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Ji S, Jiang M, Yan B, Shen F, He Y, Wan A, Xia L, Ruan C, Zhao Y. The chimeric monoclonal antibody MHCSZ-123 against human von Willebrand factor A3 domain inhibits high-shear arterial thrombosis in a Rhesus monkey model. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:111. [PMID: 28526067 PMCID: PMC5438484 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0475-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background SZ-123, a murine monoclonal antibody that targets the human von Willebrand factor (VWF) A3 domain and blocks the binding of collagen, is a powerful antithrombotic. In a Rhesus monkey model of thrombosis, SZ-123 had no side effects, such as bleeding or thrombocytopenia. Methods The mouse/human chimeric version of SZ-123, MHCSZ-123, was developed and maintained inhibitory capacities in vitro and ex vivo after injection into monkeys. CHO-S cells were selected for stable expression of MHCSZ-123. Cell clones with high levels of MHCSZ-123 expression were screened with G418 then adapted to serum-free suspension culture. The antithrombotic effect of MHCSZ-123 on acute platelet-mediated thrombosis was studied in monkeys where thrombus formation was induced by injury and stenosis of the femoral artery, which allowed for cyclic flow reductions (CFRs). CFRs were measured in the femoral artery of anesthetized Rhesus monkeys before and after intravenous administration of MHCSZ-123. Ex vivo VWF binding to collagen, platelet aggregation, platelet counts, and template bleeding time were used as measurements of antithrombotic activity. In addition, plasma VWF and VWF occupancy were measured by ELISA. Results Injection of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.6 mg/kg MHCSZ-123 significantly reduced CFRs by 29.4%, 57.9%, and 73.1%, respectively. When 0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg MHCSZ-123 were administered, 46.6%–65.8% inhibition of ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation was observed between 15 and 30 min after injection. We observed minimal effects on bleeding time, minimal blood loss, and no spontaneous bleeding or thrombocytopenia. Conclusions The VWF-A3 inhibitor MHCSZ-123 significantly reduced thrombosis in Rhesus monkeys and appeared to be safe and well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shundong Ji
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Miao Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Bin Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Fei Shen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Yang He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Aini Wan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology of Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Lijun Xia
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China.,Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Changgeng Ruan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Yiming Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China.
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44
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Zong H, Han L, Ding K, Wang J, Sun T, Zhang X, Cagliero C, Jiang H, Xie Y, Xu J, Zhang B, Zhu J. Producing defucosylated antibodies with enhanced in vitro antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity via FUT8 knockout CHO-S cells. Eng Life Sci 2017; 17:801-808. [PMID: 32624826 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201600255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To engineer a host cell line that produces defucosylated mAbs with superior antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, we disrupted α-1, 6 fucosyltransferase (FUT8) gene in CHO-S (CHO is Chinese hamster ovary) cells by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR associated nuclease 9. The gene knockout cell line was evaluated for growth, stability, and product quality. The growth profile of FUT8 gene knockout CHO-S (FUT8 -/-) cells was comparable with wild type CHO-S cells. FUT8 catalyzes the transfer of a fucose residue from GDP-fucose to N-glycans residue. Defucosylated IgG1 antibodies produced by FUT8 -/- cells showed increased binding affinities to human FcγRIIIa and higher activities in mediating antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, comparing with conventional fucosylated IgG1. Our results demonstrated the potential of using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR associated nuclease 9 technology in cell line engineering for biopharmaceutical industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Zong
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Han
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Ding
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxian Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | - Jianrong Xu
- School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
- Jecho Laboratories Frederick MD USA
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45
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Gowtham YK, Saski CA, Harcum SW. Low glucose concentrations within typical industrial operating conditions have minimal effect on the transcriptome of recombinant CHO cells. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:771-785. [PMID: 28371311 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Typically, mammalian cell culture medium contains high glucose concentrations that are analogous to diabetic levels in humans, suggesting that mammalian cells are cultivated in excessive glucose. Using RNA-Seq, this study characterized the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell transcriptome under two glucose concentrations to assess the genetic effects associated with metabolic pathways, in addition to other global responses. The initial extracellular glucose concentrations used represented high (30 mM) and low (10 mM) glucose conditions, where at the time the transcriptomes were compared, the glucose concentrations were approximately 24 and 4.4 mM for the mid-exponential cultures, where 4.4 mM represents a common target concentration in the biopharmaceutical industry for controlled fed-batch cultures. A recombinant CHO cell line producing a monoclonal antibody was used, such that the impact on glycosylation genes could be evaluated. Relatively few genes were identified as being significantly different (FDR ≤ 0.01) between the high and low glucose conditions, for example, only 575 genes, and only 40 of these genes had 2-fold or greater differences. Gene expression differences for glycolysis, TCA cycle, and glycosylation-related reactions were minimal and unlikely to have biological significance. This transcriptome study indicates that low glucose concentrations in the culture medium are unlikely to cause any biologically significant or detrimental changes to CHO cells at the transcriptome level. Furthermore, it is well-known that maintaining low glucose concentrations in fed-batch cultures can reduce lactate production, which in turn improves process outcomes. Taken together, the transcriptome data supports the continued development of low glucose-based processes to control lactate. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:771-785, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher A Saski
- Inst. of Translational Genomics, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634.,Dept. of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634
| | - Sarah W Harcum
- Dept. of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634
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46
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Biomedical applications of cell- and tissue-specific metabolic network models. J Biomed Inform 2017; 68:35-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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47
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Takagi Y, Kikuchi T, Wada R, Omasa T. The enhancement of antibody concentration and achievement of high cell density CHO cell cultivation by adding nucleoside. Cytotechnology 2017; 69:511-521. [PMID: 28251404 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-017-0066-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, with the dramatic increase in demand for therapeutic antibodies, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell culture systems have made significant progress in recombinant antibody production. Over the past two decades, recombinant antibody productivity has been improved by more than 100-fold. Medium optimization has been identified as an important key approach for increasing product concentrations. In this study, we evaluated the effects of deoxyuridine addition to fed-batch cultures of antibody-expressing CHO cell lines. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of combined addition of deoxyuridine, thymidine, and deoxycytidine. Our results suggest that addition of these pyrimidine nucleosides can increase CHO cell growth, with no significant change in the specific production rate. As a result of the increased cell growth, the antibody concentration was elevated and we were able to achieve more than 9 g/L during 16 days of culture. Similar effects of nucleoside addition were observed in fed-batch cultures of a Fab fragment-expressing CHO cell line, and the final Fab fragment concentration was more than 4 g/L. This nucleoside addition strategy could be a powerful platform for efficient antibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Takagi
- Institute of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan
- Biotechnology Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc., 5-2-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 300-2698, Japan
| | - Takuya Kikuchi
- Biotechnology Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc., 5-2-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 300-2698, Japan
| | - Ryuta Wada
- Biotechnology Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc., 5-2-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 300-2698, Japan
| | - Takeshi Omasa
- Institute of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan.
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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48
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Palchetti S, Pozzi D, Marchini C, Amici A, Andreani C, Bartolacci C, Digiacomo L, Gambini V, Cardarelli F, Di Rienzo C, Peruzzi G, Amenitsch H, Palermo R, Screpanti I, Caracciolo G. Manipulation of lipoplex concentration at the cell surface boosts transfection efficiency in hard-to-transfect cells. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:681-691. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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49
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Investigation of the interactions of critical scale-up parameters (pH, pO 2 and pCO 2) on CHO batch performance and critical quality attributes. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2016; 40:251-263. [PMID: 27752770 PMCID: PMC5274649 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-016-1693-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Understanding process parameter interactions and their effects on mammalian cell cultivations is an essential requirement for robust process scale-up. Furthermore, knowledge of the relationship between the process parameters and the product critical quality attributes (CQAs) is necessary to satisfy quality by design guidelines. So far, mainly the effect of single parameters on CQAs was investigated. Here, we present a comprehensive study to investigate the interactions of scale-up relevant parameters as pH, pO2 and pCO2 on CHO cell physiology, process performance and CQAs, which was based on design of experiments and extended product quality analytics. The study used a novel control strategy in which process parameters were decoupled from each other, and thus allowed their individual control at defined set points. Besides having identified the impact of single parameters on process performance and product quality, further significant interaction effects of process parameters on specific cell growth, specific productivity and amino acid metabolism could be derived using this method. Concerning single parameter effects, several monoclonal antibody (mAb) charge variants were affected by process pCO2 and pH. N-glycosylation analysis showed positive correlations between mAb sialylation and high pH values as well as a relationship between high mannose variants and process pH. This study additionally revealed several interaction effects as process pH and pCO2 interactions on mAb charge variants and N-glycosylation pattern. Hence, through our process control strategy and multivariate investigation, novel significant process parameter interactions and single effects were identified which have to be taken into account especially for process scale-up.
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50
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Zhang L, Ren J, Zhang H, Cheng G, Xu Y, Yang S, Dong C, Fang D, Zhang J, Yang A. HER2-targeted recombinant protein immuno-caspase-6 effectively induces apoptosis in HER2-overexpressing GBM cells in vitro and in vivo. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:2689-2696. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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