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Ju IG, Lee S, Kim SH, Im H, Eo H, Oh MS. Trichosanthis Semen Exerts Neuroprotective Effects in Alzheimer's Disease Models by Inhibiting Amyloid-β Accumulation and Regulating the Akt and ERK Signaling Pathways. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:119-131. [PMID: 38363611 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is characterized by memory loss and the abnormal accumulation of senile plaques composed of amyloid-β (Aβ) protein. Trichosanthis Semen (TS) is a traditional herbal medicine used to treat phlegm-related conditions. While TS is recognized for various bioactivities, including anti-neuroinflammatory effects, its ability to attenuate AD remains unknown. Objective To evaluate the effects of TS extract (TSE) on neuronal damage, Aβ accumulation, and neuroinflammation in AD models. Methods Thioflavin T and western blot assays were used to assess effects on Aβ aggregation in vitro. TS was treated to PC12 cells with Aβ to assess the neuroprotective effects. Memory functions and histological brain features were investigated in TSE-treated 5×FAD transgenic mice and mice with intracerebroventricularly injected Aβ. Results TSE disrupted Aβ aggregation and increased the viability of cells and phosphorylation of both protein kinase B (Akt) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in vitro. TSE treatment also suppressed the accumulation of Aβ plaques in the brain of 5×FAD mice, protected neuronal cells in both the subiculum and medial septum, and upregulated Akt/ERK phosphorylation in the hippocampus. Moreover, TSE ameliorated the memory decline and glial overactivation observed in 5×FAD mice. As assessing whether TS affect Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in the Aβ-injected mice, the effects of TS on memory improvement and neuroinflammatory inhibition were confirmed. Conclusions TSE disrupted Aβ aggregation, protected neurons against Aβ-induced toxicity, and suppressed neuroinflammation, suggesting that it can suppress the development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Gyoung Ju
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Lee
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hye Kim
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeri Im
- Department of Integrated Drug Development and Natural Products, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyoon Eo
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Sook Oh
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Drug Development and Natural Products, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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2
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Zhang M, Ganz AB, Rohde S, Rozemuller AJM, Bank NB, Reinders MJT, Scheltens P, Hulsman M, Hoozemans JJM, Holstege H. Resilience and resistance to the accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in centenarians: An age-continuous perspective. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [PMID: 36583547 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With increasing age, neuropathological substrates associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) accumulate in brains of cognitively healthy individuals-are they resilient, or resistant to AD-associated neuropathologies? METHODS In 85 centenarian brains, we correlated NIA (amyloid) stages, Braak (neurofibrillary tangle) stages, and CERAD (neuritic plaque) scores with cognitive performance close to death as determined by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores. We assessed centenarian brains against 2131 brains from AD patients, non-AD demented, and non-demented individuals in an age continuum ranging from 16 to 100+ years. RESULTS With age, brains from non-demented individuals reached the NIA and Braak stages observed in AD patients, while CERAD scores remained lower. In centenarians, NIA stages varied (22.4% were the highest stage 3), Braak stages rarely exceeded stage IV (5.9% were V), and CERAD scores rarely exceeded 2 (4.7% were 3); within these distributions, we observed no correlation with the MMSE (NIA: P = 0.60; Braak: P = 0.08; CERAD: P = 0.16). DISCUSSION Cognitive health can be maintained despite the accumulation of high levels of AD-related neuropathological substrates. HIGHLIGHTS Cognitively healthy elderly have AD neuropathology levels similar to AD patients. AD neuropathology loads do not correlate with cognitive performance in centenarians. Some centenarians are resilient to the highest levels of AD neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging, Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft Technical University, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea B Ganz
- Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging, Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Rohde
- Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging, Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke J M Rozemuller
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marcel J T Reinders
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft Technical University, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Hulsman
- Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging, Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft Technical University, Delft, The Netherlands.,Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J M Hoozemans
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henne Holstege
- Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging, Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft Technical University, Delft, The Netherlands.,Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Katsuki F, Gerashchenko D, Brown RE. Alterations of sleep oscillations in Alzheimer's disease: A potential role for GABAergic neurons in the cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus. Brain Res Bull 2022; 187:181-198. [PMID: 35850189 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sleep abnormalities are widely reported in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and are linked to cognitive impairments. Sleep abnormalities could be potential biomarkers to detect AD since they are often observed at the preclinical stage. Moreover, sleep could be a target for early intervention to prevent or slow AD progression. Thus, here we review changes in brain oscillations observed during sleep, their connection to AD pathophysiology and the role of specific brain circuits. Slow oscillations (0.1-1 Hz), sleep spindles (8-15 Hz) and their coupling during non-REM sleep are consistently reduced in studies of patients and in AD mouse models although the timing and magnitude of these alterations depends on the pathophysiological changes and the animal model studied. Changes in delta (1-4 Hz) activity are more variable. Animal studies suggest that hippocampal sharp-wave ripples (100-250 Hz) are also affected. Reductions in REM sleep amount and slower oscillations during REM are seen in patients but less consistently in animal models. Thus, changes in a variety of sleep oscillations could impact sleep-dependent memory consolidation or restorative functions of sleep. Recent mechanistic studies suggest that alterations in the activity of GABAergic neurons in the cortex, hippocampus and thalamic reticular nucleus mediate sleep oscillatory changes in AD and represent a potential target for intervention. Longitudinal studies of the timing of AD-related sleep abnormalities with respect to pathology and dysfunction of specific neural networks are needed to identify translationally relevant biomarkers and guide early intervention strategies to prevent or delay AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumi Katsuki
- VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, Dept. of Psychiatry, West Roxbury, MA 02132, USA.
| | - Dmitry Gerashchenko
- VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, Dept. of Psychiatry, West Roxbury, MA 02132, USA
| | - Ritchie E Brown
- VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, Dept. of Psychiatry, West Roxbury, MA 02132, USA
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4
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Extracellular Vesicles Released from Neprilysin Gene-Modified Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Enhance Therapeutic Effects in an Alzheimer's Disease Animal Model. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:5548630. [PMID: 34899919 PMCID: PMC8664527 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5548630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) animal studies have reported that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have therapeutic effects; however, clinical trial results are controversial. Neprilysin (NEP) is the main cleavage enzyme of β-amyloid (Aβ), which plays a major role in the pathology and etiology of AD. We evaluated whether transplantation of MSCs with NEP gene modification enhances the therapeutic effects in an AD animal model and then investigated these pathomechanisms. We manufactured NEP gene-enhanced human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) and intravenously transplanted them in Aβ1-42-injected AD animal models. We compared the differences in behavioral tests and immunohistochemical assays between four groups: normal, Aβ1-42 injection, naïve hUC-MSCs, and NEP-enhanced hUC-MSCs. Both naïve and NEP-enhanced hUC-MSC groups showed significant improvements in memory compared to the Aβ1-42 injection group. There was no significant difference between naïve and NEP-enhanced hUC-MSC groups. There was a significant decrease in Congo red, BACE-1, GFAP, and Iba-1 and a significant increase in BDNF, NeuN, and NEP in both hUC-MSC groups compared to the Aβ1-42 injection group. Among them, BDNF, NeuN, GFAP, Iba-1, and NEP showed more significant changes in the NEP-enhanced hUC-MSC group than in the naïve group. After stem cell injection, stem cells were not found. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) were equally observed in the hippocampus in the naïve and NEP-enhanced hUC-MSC groups. However, the EVs of NEP-enhanced hUC-MSCs contained higher amounts of NEP as compared to the EVs of naïve hUC-MSCs. Thus, hUC-MSCs affect AD animal models through stem cell-released EVs. Although there was no significant difference in cognitive function between the hUC-MSC groups, NEP-enhanced hUC-MSCs had superior neurogenesis and anti-inflammation properties compared to naïve hUC-MSCs due to increased NEP in the hippocampus by enriched NEP-possessing EVs. NEP gene-modified MSCs that release an increased amount of NEP within EVs may be a promising therapeutic option in AD treatment.
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5
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Jiang X, Wu Q, Zhang C, Wang M. Homoharringtonine inhibits Alzheimer's disease progression by reducing neuroinflammation via STAT3 signaling in APP/PS1 mice. NEURODEGENER DIS 2021; 21:93-102. [PMID: 34808617 DOI: 10.1159/000519974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Jiyang People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Qingdong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Jiyang People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Cuicui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Jiyang People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Maobo Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinan, China
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6
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Xu C, Wu J, Wu Y, Ren Z, Yao Y, Chen G, Fang EF, Noh JH, Liu YU, Wei L, Chen X, Sima J. TNF-α-dependent neuronal necroptosis regulated in Alzheimer's disease by coordination of RIPK1-p62 complex with autophagic UVRAG. Theranostics 2021; 11:9452-9469. [PMID: 34646380 PMCID: PMC8490500 DOI: 10.7150/thno.62376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neuronal death is a major hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Necroptosis, as a programmed necrotic process, is activated in AD. However, what signals and factors initiate necroptosis in AD is largely unknown. Methods: We examined the expression levels of critical molecules in necroptotic signaling pathway by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and immunoblotting using brain tissues from AD patients and AD mouse models of APP/PS1 and 5×FAD. We performed brain stereotaxic injection with recombinant TNF-α, anti-TNFR1 neutralizing antibody or AAV-mediated gene expression and knockdown in APP/PS1 mice. For in vitro studies, we used TNF-α combined with zVAD-fmk and Smac mimetic to establish neuronal necroptosis models and utilized pharmacological or molecular biological approaches to study the signaling pathways. Results: We find that activated neuronal necroptosis is dependent on upstream TNF-α/TNFR1 signaling in both neuronal cell cultures and AD mouse models. Upon TNF-α stimulation, accumulated p62 recruits RIPK1 and induces its self-oligomerization, and activates downstream RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL cascade, leading to neuronal necroptosis. Ectopic accumulation of p62 is caused by impaired autophagy flux, which is mediated by UVRAG downregulation during the TNF-α-promoted necroptosis. Notably, UVRAG overexpression inhibits neuronal necroptosis in cell and mouse models of AD. Conclusions: We identify a finely controlled regulation of neuronal necroptosis in AD by coordinated TNF-α signaling, RIPK1/3 activity and autophagy machinery. Strategies that could fine-tune necroptosis and autophagy may bring in promising therapeutics for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Xu
- Laboratory of Aging Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jialin Wu
- Laboratory of Aging Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yiqun Wu
- Laboratory of Aging Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhichu Ren
- Laboratory of Aging Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuyuan Yao
- Laboratory of Aging Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Guobing Chen
- Institute of Geriatric Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Evandro F. Fang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
- The Norwegian Centre on Healthy Ageing (NO-Age), Oslo, Norway
| | - Ji Heon Noh
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daehak-ro 99, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon
| | - Yong U. Liu
- Laboratory for Neuroscience in Health and Disease, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Libin Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xijing Chen
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jian Sima
- Laboratory of Aging Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
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7
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Blood-Based Biomarkers of Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease: A Central Role for Periphery? Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11091525. [PMID: 34573867 PMCID: PMC8464786 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11091525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation represents a central feature in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The resident innate immune cells of the brain are the principal players in neuroinflammation, and their activation leads to a defensive response aimed at promoting β-amyloid (Aβ) clearance. However, it is now widely accepted that the peripheral immune system—by virtue of a dysfunctional blood–brain barrier (BBB)—is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of AD; microglial and astrocytic activation leads to the release of chemokines able to recruit peripheral immune cells into the central nervous system (CNS); at the same time, cytokines released by peripheral cells are able to cross the BBB and act upon glial cells, modifying their phenotype. To successfully fight this neurodegenerative disorder, accurate and sensitive biomarkers are required to be used for implementing an early diagnosis, monitoring the disease progression and treatment effectiveness. Interestingly, as a result of the bidirectional communication between the brain and the periphery, the blood compartment ends up reflecting several pathological changes occurring in the AD brain and can represent an accessible source for such biomarkers. In this review, we provide an overview on some of the most promising peripheral biomarkers of neuroinflammation, discussing their pathogenic role in AD.
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8
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Sun CP, Zhang XY, Zhou JJ, Huo XK, Yu ZL, Morisseau C, Hammock BD, Ma XC. Inhibition of sEH via stabilizing the level of EETs alleviated Alzheimer's disease through GSK3β signaling pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 156:112516. [PMID: 34411643 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dementia. Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) regulates inflammation involving in central nervous system (CNS) diseases. However, the exactly mechanism of sEH in AD is still unclear. In this study, we evaluated the vital role of sEH in amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced AD mice, and revealed a possible molecular mechanism for inhibition of sEH in the treatment of AD. The results showed that the sEH expression and activity were remarkably increased in the hippocampus of Aβ-induced AD mice. Chemical inhibition of sEH by TPPU, a selective sEH inhibitor, alleviated spatial learning and memory deficits, and elevated levels of neurotransmitters in Aβ-induced AD mice. Furthermore, inhibition of sEH could ameliorate neuroinflammation, neuronal death, and oxidative stress via stabilizing the in vivo level of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), especially 8,9-EET and 14,15-EET, further resulting in the anti-AD effect through the regulation of GSK3β-mediated NF-κB, p53, and Nrf2 signaling pathways. These findings revealed the underlying mechanism of sEH as a potential therapeutic target in treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Peng Sun
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xin-Yue Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jun-Jun Zhou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiao-Kui Huo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhen-Long Yu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, United States.
| | - Xiao-Chi Ma
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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9
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Kim MJ, Kim JH, Kim JH, Lee S, Cho EJ. Amelioration effects of Cirsium japonicum var. maackii extract/fractions on amyloid beta 25-35-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells and identification of the main bioactive compound. Food Funct 2021; 11:9651-9661. [PMID: 33211040 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01041c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Aβ) is a neurotoxic peptide, and the accumulation of Aβ in the brain is the major characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, the beneficial effects of Cirsium japonicum var. maackii (CJM) on brain health has attracted much attention. In the present study, we investigated the ability and protective mechanisms of CJM to attenuate neuronal toxicity caused by Aβ using SH-SY5Y cells. Aβ25-35 treatment decreased cell viability, whereas CJM extract/fractions increased cell viability in Aβ25-35-treated cells. We found that CJM treatment prevented the accumulation of reactive oxygen species observed in Aβ25-35-treated control cells. Furthermore, Aβ25-35-mediated production of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β was significantly suppressed by CJM. In addition, apoptotic factors were modulated in CJM-treated cells by downregulating B-cell lymphoma-2-associated X protein and upregulating B-cell lymphoma-2 protein expression. The assays showed that the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction of CJM has greater neuroprotective bioactivities compared with the other extract/fractions. The main neuroprotective active compound from the EtOAc fraction of CJM was identified as pectolinarin using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry. Collectively, this study not only describes the neuroprotective effect of CJM against Aβ25-35via the regulation of oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic signaling pathways, but also provides useful information for future studies on the mechanism of novel medicinal sources based on pectolinarin isolated from CJM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Siddappaji KK, Gopal S. Molecular mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease and the impact of physical exercise with advancements in therapeutic approaches. AIMS Neurosci 2021; 8:357-389. [PMID: 34183987 PMCID: PMC8222772 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2021020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common, severe neurodegenerative brain disorder characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques, neurofibrillary tangles in the brain causing neural disintegration, synaptic dysfunction, and neuronal death leading to dementia. Although many US-FDA-approved drugs like Donepezil, Rivastigmine, Galantamine are available in the market, their consumption reduces only the symptoms of the disease but fails in potency to cure the disease. This disease affects many individuals with aging. Combating the disease tends to be very expensive. This review focuses on biochemical mechanisms in the neuron both at normal and AD state with relevance to the tau hypothesis, amyloid hypothesis, the risk factors influencing dementia, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation altogether integrated with neurodegeneration. A brief survey is carried out on available biomarkers in the diagnosis of the disease, drugs used for the treatment, and the challenges in approaching therapeutic targets in inhibiting the disease pathologies. This review conjointly assesses the demerits with the inefficiency of drugs to reach targets, their side effects, and toxicity. Optimistically, this review directs on the advantageous strategies in using nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems to cross the blood-brain barrier for improving the efficacy of drugs combined with a novel neuronal stem cell therapy approach. Determinately, this review aims at the natural, non-therapeutic healing impact of physical exercise on different model organisms and the effect of safe neuromodulation treatments using repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS), transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES) in humans to control the disease pathologies prominent in enhancing the synaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shubha Gopal
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Mysuru, 570006, Karnataka, India
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11
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Wang YY, Huang ZT, Yuan MH, Jing F, Cai RL, Zou Q, Pu YS, Wang SY, Chen F, Yi WM, Zhang HJ, Cai ZY. Role of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:949-961. [PMID: 33612545 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides and hyperphosphorylated tau protein are the most important pathological markers of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are also involved in the development and pathological mechanism of AD. Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a transcriptional factor responsible for cellular and tissue adaption to low oxygen tension. Emerging evidence has revealed HIF-1α as a potential medicinal target for neurodegenerative diseases. On the one hand, HIF-1α increases AβPP processing and Aβ generation by promoting β/γ-secretases and suppressing α-secretases, inactivates microglia and reduces their activity, contributes to microglia death and neuroinflammation, which promotes AD pathogenesis. On the other hand, HIF-1α could resist the toxic effect of Aβ, inhibits tau hyperphosphorylation and promotes microglial activation. In summary, this review focuses on the potential complex roles and the future perspectives of HIF-1α in AD, in order to provide references for seeking new drug targets and treatment methods for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China.,Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen-Ting Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China.,Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Ming-Hao Yuan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China.,Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Jing
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China.,Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruo-Lan Cai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China.,Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qian Zou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China.,Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Yin-Shuang Pu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China.,Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Sheng-Yuan Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China.,Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China.,Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen-Min Yi
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China.,Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui-Ji Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China.,Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi-You Cai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China.,Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
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12
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Fragoso-Morales LG, Correa-Basurto J, Rosales-Hernández MC. Implication of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH) Oxidase and Its Inhibitors in Alzheimer's Disease Murine Models. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020218. [PMID: 33540840 PMCID: PMC7912941 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the main human dementias around the world which is constantly increasing every year due to several factors (age, genetics, environment, etc.) and there are no prevention or treatment options to cure it. AD is characterized by memory loss associated with oxidative stress (OS) in brain cells (neurons, astrocytes, microglia, etc.). OS can be produced by amyloid beta (Aβ) protein aggregation and its interaction with metals, mitochondrial damage and alterations between antioxidants and oxidant enzymes such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. NADPH oxidase produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and it is overexpressed in AD, producing large amounts of superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide which damage brain cells and the vasculature. In addition, it has been reported that NADPH oxidase causes an imbalance of pH which could also influence in the amyloid beta (Aβ) production. Therefore, NADPH oxidase had been proposed as a therapeutic target in AD. However, there are no drugs for AD treatment such as an NADPH oxidase inhibitor despite great efforts made to stabilize the ROS production using antioxidant molecules. So, in this work, we will focus our attention on NADPH oxidase (NOX2 and NOX4) in AD as well as in AD models and later discuss the use of NADPH oxidase inhibitor compounds in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Guadalupe Fragoso-Morales
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Mexico City 11340, Mexico;
| | - José Correa-Basurto
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Mexico City 11340, Mexico;
| | - Martha Cecilia Rosales-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Mexico City 11340, Mexico;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +(55)-572-960-00 (ext. 62767 & 62809)
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13
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Yang H, Mu W, Wei D, Zhang Y, Duan Y, Gao J, Gong X, Wang H, Wu X, Tao H, Chang J. A Novel Targeted and High-Efficiency Nanosystem for Combinational Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1902906. [PMID: 33042734 PMCID: PMC7539195 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease, and no effective treatment is available yet. Metal-ion-triggered aggregates of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide and acetylcholine imbalance are reported to be possible factors in AD pathogenesis. Thus, a combination therapy that can not only inhibit and reduce Aβ aggregation but also simultaneously regulate acetylcholine imbalance that can serve as a potential treatment for AD is needed. Here, clioquinol (metal-ion chelating agent) and donepezil (acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor) co-encapsulated human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles (dcHGT NPs) are designed, which are modified with transcriptional activator protein (TAT) and monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM1). The GM1 lipid and TAT peptide endow this drug delivery nanosystem with high brain entry efficiency and long-term retention capabilities through intranasal administration. It is found that dcHGT NPs can significantly inhibit and eliminate Aβ aggregation, relieve acetylcholine-related inflammation in microglial cells, and protect primary neurons from Aβ oligomer-induced neurotoxicity in vitro. The alleviation of Aβ-related inflammation and AChE-inhibited effect further synergistically adjust acetylcholine imbalance. It is further demonstrated that dcHGT NPs reduce Aβ deposition, ameliorate neuron morphological changes, rescue memory deficits, and greatly improve acetylcholine regulation ability in vivo. This multifunctional synergetic nanosystem can be a new candidate to achieve highly efficient combination therapy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yang
- School of Life SciencesTianjin University92 Weijin Road, Nankai DistrictTianjin300072P. R. China
| | - Weihang Mu
- Department of RehabilitationTianjin Children's Hospital238 Longyan Road, Beichen DistrictTianjin300072P. R. China
| | - Daohe Wei
- School of Life SciencesTianjin University92 Weijin Road, Nankai DistrictTianjin300072P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Life SciencesTianjin University92 Weijin Road, Nankai DistrictTianjin300072P. R. China
| | - Yue Duan
- School of Life SciencesTianjin University92 Weijin Road, Nankai DistrictTianjin300072P. R. China
| | - Jun‐xiao Gao
- School of Life SciencesTianjin University92 Weijin Road, Nankai DistrictTianjin300072P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐qun Gong
- School of Life SciencesTianjin University92 Weijin Road, Nankai DistrictTianjin300072P. R. China
| | - Han‐jie Wang
- School of Life SciencesTianjin University92 Weijin Road, Nankai DistrictTianjin300072P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐li Wu
- School of Life SciencesTianjin University92 Weijin Road, Nankai DistrictTianjin300072P. R. China
| | - Huaying Tao
- Department of NeurologyTianjin Medical University General Hospital154 Anshan Road, Heping DistrictTianjin300072P. R. China
| | - Jin Chang
- School of Life SciencesTianjin University92 Weijin Road, Nankai DistrictTianjin300072P. R. China
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14
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Kim SH, Lee EH, Lee SC, Kim AR, Park HH, Son JW, Koh SH, Yoon MY. Development of peptide aptamers as alternatives for antibody in the detection of amyloid-beta 42 aggregates. Anal Biochem 2020; 609:113921. [PMID: 32828793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) causes cognitive impairment and serious social isolation. However, there are no effective treatments and even no established confirmatory diagnostic tools for the disease. Amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation in the brain is the best-known pathognomonic mechanism of AD, so various methods for Aβ detection have been developed for the diagnosis of this disease. We synthesized two novel, ultra-sensitive peptide probes specialized in detecting Aβ aggregates, and examined their potential for future diagnostic application. The peptides are produced through phage high-throughput screening (HTS) and amplified through a serial process called biopanning, which is a repeating method of elution and amplification of probes. We picked phages specific for amyloid from two kinds of phage display. The synthesized peptides were confirmed to have excellent binding affinity to Aβ aggregates, by immunohistochemical staining and western blotting using the brains of 3X transgenic (Tg) AD mice at different stages (5-7, 12-17 months old) of AD severity. In the present study, it was confirmed that newly developed amyloid-binding peptides could be used as novel probes for the detection of Aβ aggregates, which can be used for clinical diagnosis of AD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Heon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 11923, Gyeongchun-ro, Guri-Si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Choon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - A-Ru Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Hee Park
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 11923, Gyeongchun-ro, Guri-Si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Son
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 11923, Gyeongchun-ro, Guri-Si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Koh
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 11923, Gyeongchun-ro, Guri-Si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Translational Medicine, Hanyang University Graduate School of Biomedical Science & Engineering, 11923, Gyeongchun-ro, Guri-Si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Moon-Young Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Hajjri SN, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Mehrpour M, Moradi F, Shanehbandi D, Mehdizadeh M. Beta-Amyloid-Dependent miRNAs as Circulating Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease: a Preliminary Report. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:871-877. [PMID: 32306293 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01511-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are considered among the most reliable biomarkers to diagnose and predict Alzheimer's disease (AD), due to their regulatory nature. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the expression of miR4422 and miR3714, as the main regulators of GSAP and BACE1 expression, in AD patients compared with healthy subjects. Twenty patients with a mild to moderate AD (58-71 years old) and 15 healthy subjects (58-73 years old) participated in this study. The expression levels of miR4422 and miR3714 as the target genes and 5S rRNA and miRlet7a-5p as the reference genes were measured in the two groups. To compare the expression between the case and the control groups, the t test or the Wilcoxon test was used, based on the data distribution patterns. The efficiencies of amplification of the miR4422, miR3714, 5S rRNA, and miRlet7a-5p genes all were in the acceptable range. The mean miR4422-5S rRNA dCt value was significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.018). The relative fold change of the expression was 0.43. The mean miR4422-miRlet7a-5p dCt value (p = 0.41), the mean miR3714-5S rRNA dCt value (p = 0.10), and the mean miR3714-miRlet7a-5p dCt value (p = 0.063) were not significantly different between the two groups. We indicated that miR4422 could be a reliable biomarker for Alzheimer's diagnosis. It seems that the reduced expression of miR4422 that targets GSAP and BACE1 expression can lead to an increase in the formation of Aβ plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Nazanin Hajjri
- Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoud Mehrpour
- Department of Neurology, Firoozgar Hospital, Firoozgar Clinical Research Development Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moradi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dariush Shanehbandi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mehdizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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Cosacak MI, Bhattarai P, Kizil C. Alzheimer's disease, neural stem cells and neurogenesis: cellular phase at single-cell level. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:824-827. [PMID: 31719242 PMCID: PMC6990771 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.268896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease cannot be cured as of yet. Our current understanding on the causes of Alzheimer’s disease is limited. To develop treatments, experimental models that represent a particular cellular phase of the disease and more rigorous scrutiny of the cellular pathological mechanisms are crucial. In recent years, Alzheimer’s disease research underwent a paradigm shift. According to this tendency, Alzheimer’s disease is increasingly being conceived of a disease where not only neurons but also multiple cell types synchronously partake to manifest the pathology. Knowledge on every cell type adds an alternative approach and hope for the efforts towards the treatment. Neural stem cells and their neurogenic ability are making an appearance as a new aspect of the disease manifestation based on the recent findings that neurogenesis reduces dramatically in Alzheimer’s disease patients compared to healthy individuals. Therefore, understanding how neural stem cells can form new neurons in Alzheimer’s disease brains holds an immense potential for clinics. However, this provocative idea requires further evidence and tools for investigation. Recently, single cell sequencing appeared as a revolutionary tool to understand cellular programs in unprecedented resolution and it will undoubtedly facilitate comprehensive investigation of different cell types in Alzheimer’s disease. In this mini-review, we will touch upon recent studies that use single cell sequencing for investigating cellular response in Alzheimer’s disease and some consideration pertaining to the utilization of neural regeneration for Alzheimer’s disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Ilyas Cosacak
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Helmholtz Association, Dresden, Germany
| | - Prabesh Bhattarai
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Helmholtz Association, Dresden, Germany
| | - Caghan Kizil
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Helmholtz Association; Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), CRTD, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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17
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MiR-107 overexpression attenuates neurotoxicity induced by 6-hydroxydopamine both in vitro and in vivo. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 315:108908. [PMID: 31778666 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by neuronal atrophy in various brain regions. The expression of miR-107 is down-regulated in AD patients and target genes of miR-107 have been shown to directly involved in AD. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential neuroprotective effects of miR-107. We first assessed brain activity in health controls and patients with AD. Then we examined miR-107 expression in SH-SY5Y and PC12 cells treated with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), and investigated its function in cytotoxicity induced by 6-OHDA. We predicted a potential miR-107 target and assessed its role in miR-107 mediated effects and explored the intracellular signaling pathways downstream of miR-107. Finally, we assessed the function of miR-107 in the mouse model insulted by 6-OHDA. We found that 6-OHDA suppressed miR-107 expression and miR-107 played neuroprotective effects against 6-OHDA mediated cytotoxicity. We showed that miR-107 targeted programmed cell death 10 (PDCD10). MiR-107 suppressed PDCD10 expression and exogenous expression of PDCD10 inhibited miR-107 mediated neuroprotection. Additionally, we found that Notch signal pathway was downstream of miR-107/PDCD10. Finally, we found that 6-OHDA treatment suppressed miR-107 in mice and restoration of miR-107 alleviated motor disorder in the mouse model. Our study shows that miR-107 plays important neuroprotective roles against neurotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting PDCD10. Our findings confirm that miR-107 may be involved in AD pathogenesis and may be a therapeutic target for the treatment of AD-related impairments.
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18
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Lin X, Chen Y, Zhang P, Chen G, Zhou Y, Yu X. The potential mechanism of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in older people. Exp Gerontol 2019; 130:110791. [PMID: 31765741 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common disorder following surgery, which seriously threatens the quality of patients' life, especially the older people. Accumulating attention has been paid to POCD worldwide in pace with the popularization of anesthesia/surgery. The development of medical humanities and rehabilitation medicine sets higher demands on accurate diagnosis and safe treatment system of POCD. Although the research on POCD is in full swing, underlying pathogenesis is still inconclusive due to these conflicting results and controversial evidence. Generally, POCD is closely related to neuropsychiatric diseases such as dementia, depression and Alzheimer's disease in molecular pathways. Researchers have come up with various hypotheses to reveal the mechanisms of POCD, including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, autophagy disorder, impaired synaptic function, lacking neurotrophic support, etc. Recent work focused on molecular mechanism of POCD in older people has been thoroughly reviewed and summed up here, concerning the changes of peripheral circulation, pathological pathways of central nervous system (CNS), the microbiota-gut-brain axis and the related brain regions. Accordingly, this article provides a better perspective to understand the development situation of POCD in older people, which is conductive to uncover the pathological mechanism and exploit reasonable treatment strategy of POCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyi Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
| | - Yeru Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
| | - Piao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China.
| | - Youfa Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
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19
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Lv G, Shen Y, Zheng W, Yang J, Li C, Lin J. Fluorescence Detection and Dissociation of Amyloid‐β Species for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanglei Lv
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis MaterialsZhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Yang Shen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis MaterialsZhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Wubin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis MaterialsZhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Jiajia Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis MaterialsZhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis MaterialsZhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Jun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource UtilizationChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
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20
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Adalimumab improves cognitive impairment, exerts neuroprotective effects and attenuates neuroinflammation in an Aβ1-40-injected mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Cytotherapy 2019; 21:671-682. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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21
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Kizil C, Bhattarai P. Is Alzheimer's Also a Stem Cell Disease? - The Zebrafish Perspective. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:159. [PMID: 30533414 PMCID: PMC6265475 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease and is the leading form of dementia. AD entails chronic inflammation, impaired synaptic integrity and reduced neurogenesis. The clinical and molecular onsets of the disease do not temporally overlap and the initiation phase of the cellular changes might start with a complex causativeness between chronic inflammation, reduced neural stem cell plasticity and neurogenesis. Although the immune and neuronal aspects in AD are well studied, the neural stem cell-related features are far less investigated. An intriguing question is, therefore, whether a stem cell can ever be made proliferative and neurogenic during the prevalent AD in the brain. Recent findings affirm this hypothesis and thus a plausible way to circumvent the AD phenotypes could be to mobilize the endogenous stem cells by enhancing their proliferative and neurogenic capacity as well as to provide the newborn neurons the potential to survive and integrate into the existing circuitry. To address these questions, zebrafish offers unprecedented information and tools, which can be effectively translated into mammalian experimental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caghan Kizil
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Helmholtz Association, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Cluster of Excellence, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Prabesh Bhattarai
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Helmholtz Association, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Cluster of Excellence, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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22
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Zebrafish: an emerging real-time model system to study Alzheimer's disease and neurospecific drug discovery. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:45. [PMID: 30302279 PMCID: PMC6170431 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0109-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is emerging as an increasingly successful model for translational research on human neurological disorders. In this review, we appraise the high degree of neurological and behavioural resemblance of zebrafish with humans. It is highly validated as a powerful vertebrate model for investigating human neurodegenerative diseases. The neuroanatomic and neurochemical pathways of zebrafish brain exhibit a profound resemblance with the human brain. Physiological, emotional and social behavioural pattern similarities between them have also been well established. Interestingly, zebrafish models have been used successfully to simulate the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) as well as Tauopathy. Their relatively simple nervous system and the optical transparency of the embryos permit real-time neurological imaging. Here, we further elaborate on the use of recent real-time imaging techniques to obtain vital insights into the neurodegeneration that occurs in AD. Zebrafish is adeptly suitable for Ca2+ imaging, which provides a better understanding of neuronal activity and axonal dystrophy in a non-invasive manner. Three-dimensional imaging in zebrafish is a rapidly evolving technique, which allows the visualisation of the whole organism for an elaborate in vivo functional and neurophysiological analysis in disease condition. Suitability to high-throughput screening and similarity with humans makes zebrafish an excellent model for screening neurospecific compounds. Thus, the zebrafish model can be pivotal in bridging the gap from the bench to the bedside. This fish is becoming an increasingly successful model to understand AD with further scope for investigation in neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration, which promises exciting research opportunities in the future.
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23
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Biliverdin reductase-A impairment links brain insulin resistance with increased Aβ production in an animal model of aging: Implications for Alzheimer disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3181-3194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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24
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Yang EJ, Mahmood U, Kim H, Choi M, Choi Y, Lee JP, Cho JY, Hyun JW, Kim YS, Chang MJ, Kim HS. Phloroglucinol ameliorates cognitive impairments by reducing the amyloid β peptide burden and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus of 5XFAD mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 126:221-234. [PMID: 30118828 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Among the various causative factors involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), oxidative stress has emerged as an important factor. Phloroglucinol is a polyphenol component of phlorotannin, which is found at sufficient levels in Ecklonia cava (E. cava). Phloroglucinol has been reported to exert antioxidant activities in various tissues. Previously, we reported that the stereotaxic injection of phloroglucinol regulated synaptic plasticity in an AD mouse model. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of oral administration of phloroglucinol in AD. The oral administration of phloroglucinol for 2 months attenuated the impairments in cognitive function observed in 6-month-old 5X familial AD (5XFAD) mice, as assessed with the T-maze and Y-maze tests. The administration of phloroglucinol for 2 months in 5XFAD mice caused a reduction in the number of amyloid plaques and in the protein level of BACE1, a major amyloid precursor protein cleavage enzyme, together with γ-secretase. Phloroglucinol also restored the reduction in dendritic spine density and the number of mature spines in the hippocampi of 5XFAD mice. In addition, phloroglucinol-administered 5XFAD mice displayed lower protein levels of GFAP and Iba-1 and mRNA levels of TNF-α and IL-6 compared with vehicle-administered 5XFAD mice. These results demonstrated that phloroglucinol alleviated the neuropathological features and behavioral phenotypes in the 5XFAD mouse model. Taken together, our results suggest that phloroglucinol has therapeutic potential for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jeong Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 103 Daehakro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 103 Daehakro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Usman Mahmood
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 103 Daehakro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunju Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 103 Daehakro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 103 Daehakro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonseok Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 103 Daehakro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 103 Daehakro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjung Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 103 Daehakro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 103 Daehakro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jean-Pyo Lee
- Department of Physiology, Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Joo-Youn Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Seoul National University and Hospital, 103 Daehakro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sik Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 103 Daehakro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Jeong Chang
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye-Sun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 103 Daehakro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 103 Daehakro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Sungnam, Bundang-Gu 13620, Republic of Korea; Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 103 Daehakro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Kumar K, Kumar A, Keegan RM, Deshmukh R. Recent advances in the neurobiology and neuropharmacology of Alzheimer’s disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 98:297-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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Nelson PT, Abner EL, Patel E, Anderson S, Wilcock DM, Kryscio RJ, Van Eldik LJ, Jicha GA, Gal Z, Nelson RS, Nelson BG, Gal J, Azam MT, Fardo DW, Cykowski MD. The Amygdala as a Locus of Pathologic Misfolding in Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2018; 77:2-20. [PMID: 29186501 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlx099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the course of most common neurodegenerative diseases the amygdala accumulates pathologically misfolded proteins. Misfolding of 1 protein in aged brains often is accompanied by the misfolding of other proteins, suggesting synergistic mechanisms. The multiplicity of pathogenic processes in human amygdalae has potentially important implications for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease, Lewy body diseases, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, primary age-related tauopathy, and hippocampal sclerosis, and for the biomarkers used to diagnose those diseases. Converging data indicate that the amygdala may represent a preferential locus for a pivotal transition from a relatively benign clinical condition to a more aggressive disease wherein multiple protein species are misfolded. Thus, understanding of amygdalar pathobiology may yield insights relevant to diagnoses and therapies; it is, however, a complex and imperfectly defined brain region. Here, we review aspects of amygdalar anatomy, connectivity, vasculature, and pathologic involvement in neurodegenerative diseases with supporting data from the University of Kentucky Alzheimer's Disease Center autopsy cohort. Immunohistochemical staining of amygdalae for Aβ, Tau, α-synuclein, and TDP-43 highlight the often-coexisting pathologies. We suggest that the amygdala may represent an "incubator" for misfolded proteins and that it is possible that misfolded amygdalar protein species are yet to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T Nelson
- Division of Neuropathology; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging; Department of Pathology; Department of Epidemiology; Department of Physiology; Department of Statistics; Department of Neurology; Department of Neuroscience; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry; Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; and Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Erin L Abner
- Division of Neuropathology; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging; Department of Pathology; Department of Epidemiology; Department of Physiology; Department of Statistics; Department of Neurology; Department of Neuroscience; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry; Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; and Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Ela Patel
- Division of Neuropathology; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging; Department of Pathology; Department of Epidemiology; Department of Physiology; Department of Statistics; Department of Neurology; Department of Neuroscience; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry; Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; and Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Sonya Anderson
- Division of Neuropathology; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging; Department of Pathology; Department of Epidemiology; Department of Physiology; Department of Statistics; Department of Neurology; Department of Neuroscience; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry; Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; and Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Donna M Wilcock
- Division of Neuropathology; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging; Department of Pathology; Department of Epidemiology; Department of Physiology; Department of Statistics; Department of Neurology; Department of Neuroscience; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry; Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; and Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Richard J Kryscio
- Division of Neuropathology; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging; Department of Pathology; Department of Epidemiology; Department of Physiology; Department of Statistics; Department of Neurology; Department of Neuroscience; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry; Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; and Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Linda J Van Eldik
- Division of Neuropathology; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging; Department of Pathology; Department of Epidemiology; Department of Physiology; Department of Statistics; Department of Neurology; Department of Neuroscience; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry; Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; and Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Gregory A Jicha
- Division of Neuropathology; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging; Department of Pathology; Department of Epidemiology; Department of Physiology; Department of Statistics; Department of Neurology; Department of Neuroscience; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry; Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; and Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Zsombor Gal
- Division of Neuropathology; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging; Department of Pathology; Department of Epidemiology; Department of Physiology; Department of Statistics; Department of Neurology; Department of Neuroscience; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry; Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; and Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Ruth S Nelson
- Division of Neuropathology; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging; Department of Pathology; Department of Epidemiology; Department of Physiology; Department of Statistics; Department of Neurology; Department of Neuroscience; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry; Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; and Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Bela G Nelson
- Division of Neuropathology; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging; Department of Pathology; Department of Epidemiology; Department of Physiology; Department of Statistics; Department of Neurology; Department of Neuroscience; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry; Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; and Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Jozsef Gal
- Division of Neuropathology; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging; Department of Pathology; Department of Epidemiology; Department of Physiology; Department of Statistics; Department of Neurology; Department of Neuroscience; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry; Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; and Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Md Tofial Azam
- Division of Neuropathology; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging; Department of Pathology; Department of Epidemiology; Department of Physiology; Department of Statistics; Department of Neurology; Department of Neuroscience; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry; Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; and Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - David W Fardo
- Division of Neuropathology; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging; Department of Pathology; Department of Epidemiology; Department of Physiology; Department of Statistics; Department of Neurology; Department of Neuroscience; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry; Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; and Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Matthew D Cykowski
- Division of Neuropathology; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging; Department of Pathology; Department of Epidemiology; Department of Physiology; Department of Statistics; Department of Neurology; Department of Neuroscience; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry; Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; and Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
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Dhillon RS, Parker J, Syed YA, Edgley S, Young A, Fawcett JW, Jeffery ND, Franklin RJM, Kotter MRN. Axonal plasticity underpins the functional recovery following surgical decompression in a rat model of cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2016; 4:89. [PMID: 27552807 PMCID: PMC4994254 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-016-0359-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is the most common spinal cord disorder and a major cause of disability in adults. Improvements following surgical decompression are limited and patients often remain severely disabled. Post mortem studies indicate that CSM is associated with profound axonal loss. However, our understanding of the pathophysiology of CSM remains limited.To investigate the hypothesis that axonal plasticity plays a role in the recovery following surgical decompression, we adopted a novel preclinical model of mild to moderate CSM. Spinal cord compression resulted in significant locomotor deterioration, increased expression of the axonal injury marker APP, and loss of serotonergic fibres. Surgical decompression partially reversed the deficits and attenuated APP expression. Decompression was also associated with axonal sprouting, reflected in the restoration of serotonergic fibres and an increase of GAP43 expression. The re-expression of synaptophysin indicated the restoration of functional synapses following decompression. Promoting axonal plasticity may therefore be a therapeutic strategy for promoting neurological recovery in CSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana S. Dhillon
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Academic Neurosurgery Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, West Forvie Building, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ UK
| | - John Parker
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Clifford Allbutt Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AH UK
| | - Yasir A. Syed
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Academic Neurosurgery Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, West Forvie Building, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ UK
| | - Steve Edgley
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DY UK
| | - Adam Young
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Academic Neurosurgery Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, West Forvie Building, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ UK
| | - James W. Fawcett
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, E.D. Adrian Building, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0PY UK
| | - Nick D. Jeffery
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, IA 50011-1134 USA
| | - Robin J. M. Franklin
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Clifford Allbutt Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AH UK
| | - Mark R. N. Kotter
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Academic Neurosurgery Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, West Forvie Building, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ UK
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Li F, Han G, Wu K. Tanshinone IIA Alleviates the AD Phenotypes in APP and PS1 Transgenic Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:7631801. [PMID: 27274990 PMCID: PMC4870344 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7631801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still deficient. To find active compounds from herbal medicine is of interest in the alleviation of AD symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Tanshinone IIA (TIIA) on memory performance and synaptic plasticity in a transgenic AD model at the early phase. 25-100 mg/kg TIIA (intraperitoneal injection, i.p.) was administered to the six-month-old APP and PS1 transgenic mice for 30 consecutive days. After treatment, spatial memory, synaptic plasticity, and related mechanisms were investigated. Our result showed that memory impairment in AD mice was mitigated by 50 and 100 mg/kg TIIA treatments. Hippocampal long-term potentiation was impaired in AD model but rescued by 100 mg/kg TIIA treatment. Mechanically, TIIA treatment reduced the accumulations of beta-amyloid 1-42, C-terminal fragments (CTFs), and p-Tau in the AD model. TIIA did not affect basal BDNF but promoted depolarization-induced BDNF synthesis in the AD mice. Taken together, TIIA repairs hippocampal LTP and memory, likely, through facilitating the clearance of AD-related proteins and activating synaptic BDNF synthesis. TIIA might be a candidate drug for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengling Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, China
| | - Guosheng Han
- The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, China
| | - Kexiang Wu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, China
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29
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Li F, Wu X, Li J, Niu Q. Ginsenoside Rg1 ameliorates hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory in an Alzheimer's disease model. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:4904-10. [PMID: 27082952 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has limited progression in the identification of effective therapeutic agents. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin‑1 (PS1) are always overexpressed in AD, and are considered to be the initiators of the formation of β‑amyloid plaques and the symptoms of AD. In the present study, a transgenic AD model, constructed via the overexpression of APP and PS1, was used to verify the protective effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on memory performance and synaptic plasticity. AD mice (6‑month‑old) were treated via intraperitoneal injection of 0.1‑10 mg/kg ginsenoside Rg1. Long‑term memory, synaptic plasticity, and the levels of AD‑associated and synaptic plasticity‑associated proteins were measured following treatment. Memory was measured using a fear conditioning task and protein expression levels were investigated using western blotting. All the data was analyzed by one-way analysis of variance or t‑test. Following 30 days of consecutive treatment, memory in the AD mouse model was ameliorated in the 10 mg/kg ginsenoside Rg1 treatment group. As demonstrated by biochemical experiments, ginsenoside Rg1 treatment reduced the accumulations of β‑amyloid 1‑42 and phosphorylated (p)‑Tau in the AD model. Additionally, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and p‑TrkB synaptic plasticity‑associated proteins were upregulated following ginsenoside Rg1 application. Correspondingly, long‑term potentiation (LTP) was restored following ginsenoside Rg1 application in the AD mice model. Taken together, ginsenoside Rg1 repaired hippocampal LTP and memory, likely through facilitating the clearance of AD‑associated proteins and through activation of the BDNF‑TrkB pathway. Therefore, ginsenoside Rg1 may be a candidate drug for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengling Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Xiqing Wu
- Medical Imaging Center, Weifang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Orthopaedics Rehabilitation, Weifang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Qingliang Niu
- Medical Imaging Center, Weifang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
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Soodi M, Saeidnia S, Sharifzadeh M, Hajimehdipoor H, Dashti A, Sepand MR, Moradi S. Satureja bachtiarica ameliorate beta-amyloid induced memory impairment, oxidative stress and cholinergic deficit in animal model of Alzheimer's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2016; 31:395-404. [PMID: 26638718 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-015-9773-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular deposition of Beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ) is the main finding in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which damages cholinergic neurons through oxidative stress and reduces the cholinergic neurotransmission. Satureja bachtiarica is a medicinal plant from the Lamiaceae family which was widely used in Iranian traditional medicine. The aim of the present study was to investigate possible protective effects of S. bachtiarica methanolic extract on Aβ induced spatial memory impairment in Morris Water Maze (MWM), oxidative stress and cholinergic neuron degeneration. Pre- aggregated Aβ was injected into the hippocampus of each rat bilaterally (10 μg/rat) and MWM task was performed 14 days later to evaluate learning and memory function. Methanolic extract of S.bachtiarica (10, 50 and 100 mg/Kg) was injected intraperitoneally for 19 consecutive days, after Aβ injection. After the probe test the brain tissue were collected and lipid peroxidation, Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and Cholin Acetyl Transferees (ChAT) immunorectivity were measured in the hippocampus. Intrahipocampal injection of Aβ impaired learning and memory in MWM in training days and probe trail. Methanolic extract of S. bachtiarica (50 and 100 mg/Kg) could attenuate Aβ-induced memory deficit. ChAT immunostaining revealed that cholinergic neurons were loss in Aβ- injected group and S. bachtiarica (100 mg/Kg) could ameliorate Aβ- induced ChAT reduction in the hippocampus. Also S. bachtiarica could ameliorate Aβ-induced lipid peroxidation and AChE activity increase in the hippocampus. In conclusion our study represent that S.bachtiarica methanolic extract can improve Aβ-induced memory impairment and cholinergic loss then we recommended this extract as a candidate for further investigation in treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliheh Soodi
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal-Al Ahmad street, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Soodabeh Saeidnia
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sharifzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Hajimehdipoor
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Dashti
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal-Al Ahmad street, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Sepand
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahla Moradi
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal-Al Ahmad street, Tehran, Iran
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Gao Y, Broussard J, Haque A, Revzin A, Lin T. Functional imaging of neuron-astrocyte interactions in a compartmentalized microfluidic device. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2016; 2:15045. [PMID: 31057811 PMCID: PMC6444726 DOI: 10.1038/micronano.2015.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Traditional approaches in cultivating neural cells in a dish without orienting their interactions have had only limited success in revealing neural network properties. To enhance the experimental capabilities of studying neural circuitry in vitro, we designed an experimental system combining concepts of micropatterned surfaces, microfluidic devices and genetically encoded biosensors. Micropatterning was used to position neurons and astrocytes in defined locations and guide interactions between the two cell types. Microfluidic chambers were placed atop micropatterned surfaces to allow delivery of different pharmacological agents or viral vectors to the desired cell types. In this device, astrocytes and neurons communicated through grooves molded into the floor of the microfluidic device. By combining microfluidics with genetically encoded calcium indicators as functional readouts, we further demonstrated the utility of this device for analyzing neuron-neuron and neuron-astrocyte interactions in vitro under both healthy and pathophysiological conditions. We found that both spontaneous and evoked calcium dynamics in astrocytes can be modulated by interactions with neurons. In the future, we foresee employing the microdevices described here for studying mechanisms of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandong Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Joey Broussard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Amranul Haque
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Alexander Revzin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- ()
| | - Tian Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- ()
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Singh SK, Srivastav S, Yadav AK, Srikrishna S, Perry G. Overview of Alzheimer's Disease and Some Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Aβ by Using Several Synthetic and Herbal Compounds. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:7361613. [PMID: 27034741 PMCID: PMC4807045 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7361613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex age-related neurodegenerative disease. In this review, we carefully detail amyloid-β metabolism and its role in AD. We also consider the various genetic animal models used to evaluate therapeutics. Finally, we consider the role of synthetic and plant-based compounds in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastav
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Amarish Kumar Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Saripella Srikrishna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - George Perry
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
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33
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Jiang B, Song L, Huang C, Zhang W. P7C3 Attenuates the Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairments in C57BL/6J Mice. Neurochem Res 2015; 41:1010-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1783-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Jadhav S, Cubinkova V, Zimova I, Brezovakova V, Madari A, Cigankova V, Zilka N. Tau-mediated synaptic damage in Alzheimer's disease. Transl Neurosci 2015; 6:214-226. [PMID: 28123806 PMCID: PMC4936631 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2015-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapses are the principal sites for chemical communication between neurons and are essential for performing the dynamic functions of the brain. In Alzheimer’s disease and related tauopathies, synapses are exposed to disease modified protein tau, which may cause the loss of synaptic contacts that culminate in dementia. In recent decades, structural, transcriptomic and proteomic studies suggest that Alzheimer’s disease represents a synaptic disorder. Tau neurofibrillary pathology and synaptic loss correlate well with cognitive impairment in these disorders. Moreover, regional distribution and the load of neurofibrillary lesions parallel the distribution of the synaptic loss. Several transgenic models of tauopathy expressing various forms of tau protein exhibit structural synaptic deficits. The pathological tau proteins cause the dysregulation of synaptic proteome and lead to the functional abnormalities of synaptic transmission. A large body of evidence suggests that tau protein plays a key role in the synaptic impairment of human tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Jadhav
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Dubravska 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Veronika Cubinkova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Dubravska 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Axon Neuroscience SE, Grosslingova 45, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ivana Zimova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Dubravska 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Axon Neuroscience SE, Grosslingova 45, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Veronika Brezovakova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Dubravska 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Aladar Madari
- Small animal clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Viera Cigankova
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Norbert Zilka
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Dubravska 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Axon Neuroscience SE, Grosslingova 45, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish K. Tiwari
- DTU Chemistry Technical University of Denmark Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Kasper P. Kepp
- DTU Chemistry Technical University of Denmark Kongens Lyngby Denmark
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36
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The therapeutic potential of berberine against the altered intrinsic properties of the CA1 neurons induced by Aβ neurotoxicity. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 758:82-8. [PMID: 25861937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
It was demonstrated that treatment with beta amyloid (Aβ) led to extreme alterations in the intrinsic electrophysiological properties of CA1 pyramidal neurons. Also, malfunction of the cholinergic system is correlated to the memory and cognitive impairments. Several new studies have suggested that Berberis vulgaris can act as a cholinesterase inhibitor. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of berberine (BER) on the Aβ-induced impairments in learning and memory. The male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups of Sham, BER, Aβ and Aβ+BER. The administration of BER or its vehicle started immediately after the injection of Aβ and followed by 13 days. Then, the animals were tested for learning and memory performance using the Morris water maze (MWM) and passive avoidance tests. Then, they were sacrificed for the whole cell patch clamp recording. The results of the MWM and passive avoidance tasks indicated that administration of the BER in the Aβ+BER group prevented the memory impairment induced by Aβ. The results of the whole cell patch clamp also showed that administration of the BER restored the Aβ-induced impairments in the firing frequency, half-width and rebound action potential. These results suggested that administration of the BER could ameliorate neurotoxicity induced by Aβ. However, this neuroprotection impact could be resulted from the balance effect of the Ca(2+) entry. The optimal level of Ca(2+) entry by BER could be a major factor that modified the function of the Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels and decreased the half-width in the Aβ treated rats.
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Aloor R, Zhang C, Bandyopadhyay M, Dasgupta S. Impact of nuclear factor-κB on restoration of neuron growth and differentiation in hippocampus of degenerative brain. J Neurosci Res 2015; 93:1471-5. [PMID: 25586448 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The mode of action of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) has been extensively observed in different aspects of cell growth and proliferation. The transcription factor regulates various genes controlling inflammation and anti-inflammatory responses in different tissues. Thus, NF-κB signal gains a therapeutic prospect. The activation of NF-κB requires nuclear localization of its p65 subunit. Research also indicates an impact of phosphorylated p65 on the transcription of genes during cell growth and the immune response. Following the trends in investigations over decades, different observations suggest that NF-κB activation and phosphorylation of p65 regulate neuronal plasticity. Also, inhibition of NF-κB activation is a well-demonstrated way to attenuate inflammation. In addition to anti-inflammatory drugs, recent researches unwind a way to regulate regeneration and repair tissue damage. Thus, keeping a critical view on NF-κB signals, we propose the importance of natural or synthetic NF-κB activators for neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Aloor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Saint James School of Medicine, Anguilla, British West Indies
| | - Christine Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Saint James School of Medicine, Anguilla, British West Indies
| | | | - Subhajit Dasgupta
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Saint James School of Medicine, Anguilla, British West Indies.,Department of Biochemistry, Saint James School of Medicine, Anguilla, British West Indies
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Sipieter F, Ladik M, Vandenabeele P, Riquet F. Shining light on cell death processes - a novel biosensor for necroptosis, a newly described cell death program. Biotechnol J 2014; 9:224-40. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201300200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Hashimoto T, Kiyoshi T, Kohayakawa H, Iwamura Y, Yoshida N. Pharmacological properties of AC-3933, a novel benzodiazepine receptor partial inverse agonist. Neuroscience 2014; 256:352-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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40
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Ravi LB, Mohanty JG, Chrest FJ, Jayakumar R, Nagababu E, Usatyuk PV, Natarajan V, Rifkind JM. Influence of beta-amyloid fibrils on the interactions between red blood cells and endothelial cells. Neurol Res 2013; 26:579-85. [PMID: 15265278 DOI: 10.1179/016164104225016227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is associated with vascular amyloidosis. As blood flows through the microcirculation, red blood cells (RBCs) come in contact with the vasculature. RBCs as well as endothelial cells (ECs) are known to bind beta amyloid fibrils. This suggests that a potential effect of amyloidosis may involve the interactions of RBCs with ECs lining the wall of the blood vessels mediated by amyloid fibrils. We have studied the effect of beta-amyloid peptide[1-40] (Abeta1-40) fibrils on the interactions of murine RBCs with ECs derived from bovine lung microvascular endothelium (BLMVEC) as well as bovine pulmonary arterial endothelium (BPAEC) in culture. We show that the initial incorporation of Abeta fibrils onto either RBCs or ECs cause RBCs to adhere to the ECs with greater affinity for the microvascular cells than the arterial cells. In addition, there is a transfer of Abeta fibrils between the RBCs and the ECs. Both the transfer and adhesion occurs when the amyloid fibrils are on the ECs or on the RBCs. However, with the amyloid fibrils on the RBCs, the adhesion and the transfer are greater than with the fibrils on the ECs. These results suggest that amyloidosis may affect the flow of RBCs through the microcirculation and that RBCs may play a role in propagating amyloidosis through the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke B Ravi
- Molecular Dynamics Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper P Kepp
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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42
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Haghani M, Janahmadi M, Shabani M. Protective effect of cannabinoid CB1 receptor activation against altered intrinsic repetitive firing properties induced by Aβ neurotoxicity. Neurosci Lett 2012; 507:33-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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43
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Hypoxia induces beta-amyloid in association with death of RGC-5 cells in culture. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 410:40-4. [PMID: 21640074 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Beta-amyloid (Aβ) derived from amyloid precursor protein (APP) has been associated with retinal degeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and glaucoma. This study examined whether hypoxia exposure induces Aβ accumulation in RGC-5 cells. While levels of APP mRNA and protein significantly increased in the cells, elevated abundance of Aβ was also observed in cells and culture medium between 12 or 24 and 48h after 5% O(2) hypoxia treatment. Additionally, there is a close relationship between induction of APP and Aβ and intracellular accumulation of ROS along with loss of mitochondrial membrane potential followed by the death of RGC-5 cells in culture under hypoxia. These results suggest a possible involvement of APP and Aβ in the death of RGCs challenged by hypoxia.
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Ramirez JJ, Poulton WE, Knelson E, Barton C, King MA, Klein RL. Focal expression of mutated tau in entorhinal cortex neurons of rats impairs spatial working memory. Behav Brain Res 2011; 216:332-40. [PMID: 20727915 PMCID: PMC2975819 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2010] [Revised: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Entorhinal cortex neuropathology begins very early in Alzheimer's disease (AD), a disorder characterized by severe memory disruption. Indeed, loss of entorhinal volume is predictive of AD and two of the hallmark neuroanatomical markers of AD, amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), are particularly prevalent in the entorhinal area of AD-afflicted brains. Gene transfer techniques were used to create a model neurofibrillary tauopathy by injecting a recombinant adeno-associated viral vector with a mutated human tau gene (P301L) into the entorhinal cortex of adult rats. The objective of the present investigation was to determine whether adult onset, spatially restricted tauopathy could be sufficient to reproduce progressive deficits in mnemonic function. Spatial memory on a Y-maze was tested for approximately 3 months post-surgery. Upon completion of behavioral testing the brains were assessed for expression of human tau and evidence of tauopathy. Rats injected with the tau vector became persistently impaired on the task after about 6 weeks of postoperative testing, whereas the control rats injected with a green fluorescent protein vector performed at criterion levels during that period. Histological analysis confirmed the presence of hyperphosphorylated tau and NFTs in the entorhinal cortex and neighboring retrohippocampal areas as well as limited synaptic degeneration of the perforant path. Thus, highly restricted vector-induced tauopathy in retrohippocampal areas is sufficient for producing progressive impairment in mnemonic ability in rats, successfully mimicking a key aspect of tauopathies such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio J Ramirez
- Department of Psychology, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035, USA.
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Selvi BR, Cassel JC, Kundu TK, Boutillier AL. Tuning acetylation levels with HAT activators: Therapeutic strategy in neurodegenerative diseases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2010; 1799:840-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2010.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Revised: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Li W, Wu Y, Min F, Li Z, Huang J, Huang R. A nonhuman primate model of Alzheimer's disease generated by intracranial injection of amyloid-β42 and thiorphan. Metab Brain Dis 2010; 25:277-84. [PMID: 20838863 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-010-9207-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and neuropathological changes, including the deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide. Aged monkeys have proven to be invaluable in the study of AD, as their brains naturally develop amyloid plaques similar to those in AD brains. However, spontaneous development of AD-like pathologies in aged monkeys is time-consuming, often taking several years. Here, we created an experimentally induced AD model in middle-aged (16-17 years) rhesus monkeys by intracranial injection of Aβ42 and thiorphan, an inhibitor of neprilysin that is responsible for Aβ clearance. The working memory capacity of the monkeys in a delayed-response task was little affected following the delivery of Aβ42 and thiorphan. However, the administration of Aβ42 and thiorphan resulted in a significant intracellular accumulation of Aβ in the neurons of the basal ganglia, the cortex, and the hippocampus, accompanied by neuronal atrophy and loss. Moreover, immunohistochemistry revealed a degeneration of choline acetyltransferase-positive cholinergic neurons and an increase of glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive astrocytes. In conclusion, our data demonstrate a primate model of AD generated by combined infusion of Aβ42 and thiorphan, which duplicates a subset of neuropathological changes in AD brains, thereby having implications in the elucidation of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wende Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Drug Research and Development of Guangdong, Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
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Yin Y, Wen S, Li G, Wang D. Hypoxia enhances stimulating effect of amyloid beta peptide (25-35) for interleukin 17 and T helper lymphocyte subtype 17 upregulation in cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Microbiol Immunol 2009; 53:281-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2009.00120.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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48
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Bica L, Crouch PJ, Cappai R, White AR. Metallo-complex activation of neuroprotective signalling pathways as a therapeutic treatment for Alzheimer’s disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 5:134-42. [DOI: 10.1039/b816577g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Tan L, Schedl P, Song HJ, Garza D, Konsolaki M. The Toll-->NFkappaB signaling pathway mediates the neuropathological effects of the human Alzheimer's Abeta42 polypeptide in Drosophila. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3966. [PMID: 19088848 PMCID: PMC2597734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Accepted: 11/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that afflicts a significant fraction of older individuals. Although a proteolytic product of the Amyloid precursor protein, the Alphabeta42 polypeptide, has been directly implicated in the disease, the genes and biological pathways that are deployed during the process of Alphabeta42 induced neurodegeneration are not well understood and remain controversial. To identify genes and pathways that mediated Alphabeta42 induced neurodegeneration we took advantage of a Drosophila model for AD disease in which ectopically expressed human Alphabeta42 polypeptide induces cell death and tissue degeneration in the compound eye. One of the genes identified in our genetic screen is Toll (Tl). It encodes the receptor for the highly conserved Tl-->NFkB innate immunity/inflammatory pathway and is a fly homolog of the mammalian Interleukin-1 (Ilk-1) receptor. We found that Tl loss-of-function mutations dominantly suppress the neuropathological effects of the Alphabeta42 polypeptide while gain-of-function mutations that increase receptor activity dominantly enhance them. Furthermore, we present evidence demonstrating that Tl and key downstream components of the innate immunity/inflammatory pathway play a central role in mediating the neuropathological activities of Alphabeta42. We show that the deleterious effects of Alphabeta42 can be suppressed by genetic manipulations of the Tl-->NFkB pathway that downregulate signal transduction. Conversely, manipulations that upregulate signal transduction exacerbate the deleterious effects of Abeta42. Since postmortem studies have shown that the Ilk-1-->NFkB innate immunity pathway is substantially upregulated in the brains of AD patients, the demonstration that the Tl-->NFkB signaling actively promotes the process of Alphabeta42 induced cell death and tissue degeneration in flies points to possible therapeutic targets and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Tan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Paul Schedl
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Ho-Juhn Song
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dan Garza
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mary Konsolaki
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
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50
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Takei Y, Laskey R. Interpreting crosstalk between TNF-alpha and NGF: potential implications for disease. Trends Mol Med 2008; 14:381-8. [PMID: 18693138 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2008.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2008] [Revised: 07/04/2008] [Accepted: 07/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a proinflammatory cytokine, whereas nerve growth factor (NGF) is a neurotrophin that can promote neural cell survival, differentiation and maturation. However, recent papers indicate that TNF-alpha has a pivotal role in fate decisions of neural cells in normal noninflammatory conditions, whereas NGF contributes to maintenance of inflammation. Although these observations suggest a close relationship between NGF and TNF-alpha signalling, crosstalk between these factors is not fully understood. In this Opinion article, we review recent reports regarding possible crosstalk between NGF and TNF-alpha and we propose a positive-feedback loop of their expression. We discuss the possible mechanisms by which disturbance of the crosstalk could contribute to diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Takei
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Cancer Cell Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Hills Road Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK.
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