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Wei Y, Liu H, Hu D, He Q, Yao C, Li H, Hu K, Wang J. Recent Advances in Enterovirus A71 Infection and Antiviral Agents. J Transl Med 2024; 104:100298. [PMID: 38008182 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is one of the major causative agents of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) that majorly affects children. Most of the time, HFMD is a mild disease but can progress to severe complications, such as meningitis, brain stem encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis, and even death. HFMD caused by EV-A71 has emerged as an acutely infectious disease of highly pathogenic potential in the Asia-Pacific region. In this review, we introduced the properties and life cycle of EV-A71, and the pathogenesis and the pathophysiology of EV-A71 infection, including tissue tropism and host range of virus infection, the diseases caused by the virus, as well as the genes and host cell immune mechanisms of major diseases caused by enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) infection, such as encephalitis and neurologic pulmonary edema. At the same time, clinicopathologic characteristics of EV-A71 infection were introduced. There is currently no specific medication for EV-A71 infection, highlighting the urgency and significance of developing suitable anti-EV-A71 agents. This overview also summarizes the targets of existing anti-EV-A71 agents, including virus entry, translation, polyprotein processing, replication, assembly and release; interferons; interleukins; the mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and protein kinase B signaling pathways; the oxidative stress pathway; the ubiquitin-proteasome system; and so on. Furthermore, it overviews the effects of natural products, monoclonal antibodies, and RNA interference against EV-A71. It also discusses issues limiting the research of antiviral drugs. This review is a systematic and comprehensive summary of the mechanism and pathological characteristics of EV-A71 infection, the latest progress of existing anti-EV-A71 agents. It would provide better understanding and guidance for the research and application of EV-A71 infection and antiviral inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Wei
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Sino-German Biomedical Center, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Sino-German Biomedical Center, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Da Hu
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Sino-German Biomedical Center, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qun He
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Sino-German Biomedical Center, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenguang Yao
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Sino-German Biomedical Center, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanluo Li
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Sino-German Biomedical Center, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kanghong Hu
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Sino-German Biomedical Center, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Takatani R, Kubota T, Minagawa M, Inoue D, Fukumoto S, Ozono K, Nakamura Y. Prevalence of Pseudohypoparathyroidism and Nonsurgical Hypoparathyroidism in Japan in 2017: A Nationwide Survey. J Epidemiol 2023; 33:569-573. [PMID: 36123043 PMCID: PMC10518380 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20220152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) and nonsurgical hypoparathyroidism (NS-HypoPT) are rare diseases with hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and high and low parathyroid hormone levels, respectively. In Japan, over 20 years have passed since the last survey on these diseases. We carried out a nationwide cross-sectional survey to estimate the prevalence of these diseases in 2018. METHODS We conducted a nationwide mail-based survey targeting hospitals in 2018. From a total of 13,156 departments throughout Japan, including internal medicine, pediatrics, neurology, and psychiatry, 3,501 (27%) departments were selected using a stratified random sampling method. We asked each included department to report the number of patients with PHP and NS-HypoPT in 2017. RESULTS The overall survey response rate was 52.0% (1,807 departments). The estimated number of patients with PHP and NS-HypoPT was 1,484 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1,143-1,825) and 2,304 (95% CI, 1,189-3,419), respectively; the prevalence per 100,000 population was 1.2 and 1.8, respectively. CONCLUSION In this study, we generated estimates of the national prevalence of PHP and NS-HypoPT in Japan during 2017, which were found to be higher than those previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Takatani
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takuo Kubota
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Daisuke Inoue
- Third Department of Medicine, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Seiji Fukumoto
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ozono
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yosikazu Nakamura
- Division of Public Health, Center for Community Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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Wang L, Xu C, Wang J, Qiao J, Wu N, Li L. Spatiotemporal associations between hand, foot and mouth disease and meteorological factors over multiple climate zones. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2023; 67:1493-1504. [PMID: 37458818 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02519-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Prior studies of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) have often observed inconsistent results regarding meteorological factors. We propose the hypothesis that these meteorological associations vary in regions because of the heterogeneity of their geographical characteristics. We have tested this hypothesis by applying a geographical detector and Bayesian space-time hierarchy model to measure stratified spatiotemporal heterogeneity and local associations between meteorological factors and HFMD risk in five climate zones in China from January 2016 to December 2017. We found a significant spatial stratified heterogeneity in HFMD risk and climate zone explained 15% of the spatial stratified heterogeneity. Meanwhile, there was a significant temporal stratified heterogeneity of 14% as determined by meteorological factors. Average temperatures and relative humidity had a significant positive effect on HFMD in all climate zones, they were the most obvious in the southern temperate zone. In northern temperate, southern temperate, northern subtropics, middle subtropics and southern subtropics climate zone, a 1 °C rise in temperature was related to an increase of 3.99%, 13.76%, 4.38%, 3.99%, and 7.74% in HFMD, and a 1% increment in relative humidity was associated with a 1.51%, 5.40%, 2.21%, 3.44%, and 4.78% increase, respectively. These findings provide strong support for our hypotheses that HFMD incidence has a significant spatiotemporal stratified heterogeneity and different climate zones have distinct influences on the disease. These findings provide strong support for our hypotheses: HFMD incidence had significant spatiotemporal stratified heterogeneity and different climate zones had distinct influences on it. The study suggested that HFMD prevention and policy should be made according to meteorological variation in each climate zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, China
| | - Chengdong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jiajun Qiao
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, China.
| | - Nalin Wu
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wei Y, Hu D, Li D, Hu K, Zhang Q, Liu H, He Q, Yao C, Li H, Wang J. Antiviral effects and mechanisms against EV71 of the novel 2-Benzoxyl-Phenylpyridine Derivatives. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 186:106445. [PMID: 37044201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
A series of 2-Benzoxyl-Phenylpyridine derivatives were evaluated for their potential antiviral activities against EV71. The preliminary assays indicated that some of these compounds exhibited excellent antiviral effects on EV71, they could effectively inhibit virus-induced cytopathic effects (CPEs), reduce progeny viral yields, and present similar or better antiviral activities compared to the positive control drug ribavirin. Among these derivatives, compounds WY7, WY13 and WY14 showed the most potency against EV71. Investigation of the underlying mechanism of action revealed that these compounds target EV71 replication in cells post infection, they could profoundly inhibit viral RNA replication and protein synthesis, and inhibit virus-induced cell apoptosis. Further experiments demonstrated that compound WY7 potently inhibited the activity of the EV71 3C protease (3Cpro), and to some extent, it affected the activity of 3D polymerase (3Dpol), thus blocking viral replication, but not the activity of the 2A proteinase (2Apro). Modeling of the molecular binding of the 3Cpro-WY7 complex revealed that compound WY7 was predicted to insert into the substrate-binding pocket of EV71 3Cpro, blocking substrate recognition and thereby inhibiting EV71 3Cpro activity. These results indicate that these compounds might be feasible therapeutic agents against EV71 infection and that these compounds may provide promising lead scaffolds for the further design and synthesis of potential antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Wei
- Sino-German Biomedical Center, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Da Hu
- Sino-German Biomedical Center, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Dong Li
- Sino-German Biomedical Center, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Kanghong Hu
- Sino-German Biomedical Center, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- Sino-German Biomedical Center, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Huihui Liu
- Sino-German Biomedical Center, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Qun He
- Sino-German Biomedical Center, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Chenguang Yao
- Sino-German Biomedical Center, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Hanluo Li
- Sino-German Biomedical Center, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Inhibition of enterovirus 71 infection by polysaccharides extracted from Picochlorum sp. 122 via the AKT and ATM/ATR signaling pathways. Arch Virol 2021; 166:3269-3274. [PMID: 34536128 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05229-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) poses a major threat to public health globally due to severe and even fatal hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). However, no effective antiviral agents are available to treat HFMD caused by this virus. Polysaccharides have been shown to exhibit antiviral activity, and polysaccharides extracted from Picochlorum sp. 122 (PPE) could potentially be used to treat HFMD, but reports on their antiviral activity are limited. In this study, the antiviral activity of PPE against EV71 was verified in Vero cells. PPE was shown to limit EV71 infection, as demonstrated using an MTT assay and by observing the cellular cytopathic effect. In addition, a decrease in VP1 RNA and protein levels indicated that PPE effectively inhibits proliferation of EV71 in Vero cells. An annexin V affinity assay also indicated that PPE protects host cells from apoptosis through the AKT and ATM/ATR signalling pathways. These results demonstrate that PPE has potential as an antiviral drug to treat HFMD caused by EV71.
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Ye YZ, Dou YL, Hao JH, Zhou L, Lin AW, Wang SN, Deng JK, Lei M, Luo RP, Liao YN, Chen Y, Long YY, Chen BQ, Yang Z, Gan L, Nong GM, Yan WL, Yu H. Efficacy and safety of interferon α-2b spray for herpangina in children: A randomized, controlled trial. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 107:62-68. [PMID: 33878461 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The treatment of acute herpangina is inconsistent. We aim to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of interferon α-2b spray versus Ribavirin for this disease. METHODS A randomized, controlled trial was conducted in eight hospitals in China between 2016 and 2018. 668 patients (1-7 years old) were randomized into an experimental group (treated with Interferon α-2b spray) or control group (received Ribavirin Aerosol). Body temperature returning to normal within 72 h and remaining so for 24 h was the primary outcome; release of oral herpes and adverse events were the secondary outcomes. RESULTS (1) The average age of onset was 2.5 years old. (2) After 72 h treatment, body temperature of 98.5% patients in experimental group and 94.3% in control group returned to normal and remained so for 24 h (P = 0.004). The differences were greater at 48 h treatment (95.2% vs. 85.9%, P < 0.001) and at 24 h (77.5% vs. 66.5%, P = 0.001). (3) The rate of improved oral herpes in the experimental group was higher than that in control group (46.7% vs.37.1%, P = 0.011). No adverse reaction occurred. CONCLUSIONS Local application of recombinant interferon α-2b spray showed better efficacy for acute herpangina in children. It was safe for use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Zi Ye
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Lan Dou
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Hua Hao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Children's Hospital of Kaifeng City, Kaifeng, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Children's Hospital of Kaifeng City, Kaifeng, China
| | - Ai-Wei Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shao-Ning Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ji-Kui Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Min Lei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ru-Ping Luo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Yi-Nan Liao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pediatrics Internal Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Long
- Department of Pediatrics Internal Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Bi-Quan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Anhui Provincial Children'S Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Anhui Provincial Children'S Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Lu Gan
- Department of Pediatrics, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Min Nong
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Wei-Li Yan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Hu P, Liu J, Gan L, Chen Y, Su K, Chen Y, Zhang D. Lack of effective home quarantine: The cause of the continuing prevalence of hand, foot, and mouth disease in China? J Infect Public Health 2020; 13:963-969. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Wang Y, Zhao H, Ou R, Zhu H, Gan L, Zeng Z, Yuan R, Yu H, Ye M. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of severe hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) among children: a 6-year population-based study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:801. [PMID: 32460823 PMCID: PMC7254654 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08961-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) is considered to be self-limited, however, severe HFMD is a deadly threat for children worldwide, therefore, it is essential to define the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of children with severe HFMD and identify the risk factors of death. Methods Between 2013 and 2018, children who diagnosed with severe HFMD from Chongqing, China were enrolled in this population-based study. A total of 459 severe HFMD children cases were identified during the study period, including 415 survivors and 44 fatal cases. Demographic, geographical, epidemiological and clinical data of the cases were acquired and analyzed. Results Risk factors of the death because of severe HFMD children included female, aged 1 ~ 3 years, enterovirus 71 infection, falling ill in winter, more than one children in home, being taken care of by grandparents, the caregivers’ education not more than 9 years, having fever more than 3 days, consciousness disorders, general weakness, vomiting, general weakness, abnormal pupillary light reflex, repeated cough, tachypnea, moist rales, white frothy sputum, pink frothy sputum, and cyanosis on lips or the whole body, tachycardia, arrhythmia, cold limbs, pale complexion, weakened pulse. (all p < 0.05). Spatial-temporal analysis detected high-value clusters, the most likely cluster located at rural countries in the northern parts of Chongqing, from January, 2015 to July, 2017. (p < 0.01). Besides, some urban districts were also found high incidence of severe HFMD cases according to the incidence maps. Conclusions The detection of clinical risk factors and the temporal, spatial and socio-demographic distribution epidemiological characteristics of severe HFMD contribute to the timely diagnosis and intervention, the results of this study can be the reference of further clinical and public health practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, No. 8, Changjiang 2nd Road, Chongqing, 400042, Yuzhong District, China
| | - Rong Ou
- Library, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lidan Gan
- Pediatric College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Zihuan Zeng
- College of Nursing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ruizhu Yuan
- College of Nursing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Huan Yu
- College of Nursing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Mengliang Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Yu H, Li XW, Liu QB, Deng HL, Liu G, Jiang RM, Deng JK, Ye YZ, Hao JH, Chen YH, Nong GM, Shen ZB, Liu CS, Zou YX, Wu JZ, Wu XD, Chen BQ, Luo RP, Lin AW, Chen Y, Liu XD. Diagnosis and treatment of herpangina: Chinese expert consensus. World J Pediatr 2020; 16:129-134. [PMID: 31347021 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-019-00277-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herpangina is a common infectious disease in childhood caused by an enterovirus. This consensus is aiming to standardize and improve herpangina prevention and clinical diagnosis. METHODS The Subspecialty Group of Infectious Diseases, the Society of Pediatric, Chinese Medical Association and Nation Medical Quality Control Center for Infectious Diseases gathered 20 experts to develop the consensus, who are specialized in diagnosis and treatment of herpangina. RESULTS The main pathogenic serotypes of herpangina include Coxsackievirus-A, Enterovirus-A and Echovirus. Its diagnosis can be rendered on the basis of history of epidemiology, typical symptoms, characteristic pharyngeal damage and virological tests. The treatment is mainly symptomatic, and incorporates topical oral spray with antiviral drugs. The course of herpangina generally lasts 4-6 days with a good prognosis. CONCLUSION The consensus could provide advices and references for the diagnosis, treatment and management of herpangina in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xing-Wang Li
- Infectious Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Quan-Bo Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui-Ling Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Children's Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rong-Meng Jiang
- Infectious Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Kui Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying-Zi Ye
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Hua Hao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Children's Hospital of Kaifeng City, Kaifeng, China
| | - Ying-Hu Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Children's Hospital-Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Min Nong
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhao-Bo Shen
- Pneumology Department, Henan Children's Hospital, Henan, China
| | - Chang-Shan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying-Xue Zou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin-Zhun Wu
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xing-Dong Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiamen Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Bi-Quan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Ru-Ping Luo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hunan Children's Hospital, Hunan, China
| | - Ai-Wei Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pediatrics Internal Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Liu
- Infectious Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Associations between ambient air pollution and daily incidence of pediatric hand, foot and mouth disease in Ningbo, 2014-2016: a distributed lag nonlinear model. Epidemiol Infect 2020; 148:e46. [PMID: 32127063 PMCID: PMC7058833 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820000321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) has high prevalence around the world, with serious consequences for children. Due to the long survival period of HFMD virus in ambient air, air pollutants may play a critical role in HFMD epidemics. We collected data on daily cases of HFMD among children aged 0–14 years in Ningbo City between 2014 and 2016. Distributed lag nonlinear models were used to assess the effects of particulate matter (PM2.5), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) on the daily incidence of HFMD among children, with analyses stratified by gender and age. Compared with moderate levels of air pollution, high SO2 levels had a relative risk (RR) of 2.32 (95% CI 1.42–3.79) and high NO2 levels had a RR of 2.01 (95% CI 1.22–3.31). The RR of O3 was 2.12 (95% CI 1.47–3.05) and that of PM2.5 was 0.77 (95% CI 0.64–0.92) at moderate levels of air pollution. Specifically, high levels of SO2 and NO2 had RRs of 2.39 (95% CI 1.44–3.96) and 2.02 (95% CI 1.21–3.39), respectively, among 0–4-year-old children, while high O3 had an RR of 2.31 (95% CI 1.09–4.89) among 5–14-year-old children. Our findings suggest significant associations of high SO2 and NO2 levels and moderate O3 levels in HFMD epidemics, and also indicate that air pollution causes lagged effects on HFMD epidemics. Our study provides practical and useful data for targeted prevention and control of HMFD based on environmental evidence.
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Di Cristanziano V, Weimer K, Böttcher S, Sarfo FS, Dompreh A, Cesar LG, Knops E, Heger E, Wirtz M, Kaiser R, Norman B, Phillips RO, Feldt T, Eberhardt KA. Molecular Characterization and Clinical Description of Non-Polio Enteroviruses Detected in Stool Samples from HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Adults in Ghana. Viruses 2020; 12:v12020221. [PMID: 32079128 PMCID: PMC7077198 DOI: 10.3390/v12020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the post-polio eradication era, increasing attention is given to non-polio enteroviruses. Most of the data about enteroviruses in sub-Saharan Africa are related to acute flaccid paralysis surveillance and target the pediatric population. This study aimed to investigate the presence of enterovirus in PLHIV (people living with HIV) and HIV-negative individuals in Ghana. Stool samples from HIV-positive individuals (n = 250) and healthy blood donors (n = 102) attending the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, Ghana, were screened by real-time PCR for enterovirus. Molecular typing of the VP1 region was performed. Enterovirus-positive samples were tested for norovirus, adenovirus, rotavirus, sapovirus, and cosaviruses. Twenty-six out of 250 HIV-positive subjects (10.4%) and 14 out of 102 HIV-negative individuals (13.7%) were detected enterovirus-positive, not showing a significant different infection rate between the two groups. HIV-negative individuals were infected with Enterovirus C strains only. HIV-positive participants were detected positive for species Enterovirus A, Enterovirus B, and Enterovirus C. Co-infections with other viral enteric pathogens were almost exclusively detected among HIV-positive participants. Overall, the present study provides the first data about enteroviruses within HIV-positive and HIV-negative adults living in Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Di Cristanziano
- Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany; (V.D.C.); (K.W.); (E.K.); (E.H.); (M.W.); (R.K.)
| | - Kristina Weimer
- Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany; (V.D.C.); (K.W.); (E.K.); (E.H.); (M.W.); (R.K.)
| | - Sindy Böttcher
- National Reference Centre for Poliomyelitis and Enteroviruses, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Fred Stephen Sarfo
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 00233, Ghana; (F.S.S.); (B.N.); (R.O.P.)
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi 00233, Ghana;
| | | | | | - Elena Knops
- Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany; (V.D.C.); (K.W.); (E.K.); (E.H.); (M.W.); (R.K.)
| | - Eva Heger
- Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany; (V.D.C.); (K.W.); (E.K.); (E.H.); (M.W.); (R.K.)
| | - Maike Wirtz
- Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany; (V.D.C.); (K.W.); (E.K.); (E.H.); (M.W.); (R.K.)
| | - Rolf Kaiser
- Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany; (V.D.C.); (K.W.); (E.K.); (E.H.); (M.W.); (R.K.)
| | - Betty Norman
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 00233, Ghana; (F.S.S.); (B.N.); (R.O.P.)
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi 00233, Ghana;
| | - Richard Odame Phillips
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 00233, Ghana; (F.S.S.); (B.N.); (R.O.P.)
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi 00233, Ghana;
- Kumasi Center for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi 00233, Ghana
| | - Torsten Feldt
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Kirsten Alexandra Eberhardt
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine and I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-40-428-180
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Genetic characterization of VP1 of coxsackieviruses A2, A4, and A10 associated with hand, foot, and mouth disease in Vietnam in 2012-2017: endemic circulation and emergence of new HFMD-causing lineages. Arch Virol 2020; 165:823-834. [PMID: 32008121 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04536-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
While conducting sentinel surveillance of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in Vietnam, we found a sudden increase in the prevalence of coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10) in 2016 and CV-A2 and CV-A4 in 2017, the emergence of which has been reported recently to be associated with various clinical manifestations in other countries. However, there have been only a limited number of molecular studies on those serotypes, with none being conducted in Vietnam. Therefore, we sequenced the entire VP1 genes of CV-A10, CV-A4, and CV-A2 strains associated with HFMD in Vietnam between 2012 and 2017. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a trend of endemic circulation of Vietnamese CV-A10, CV-A4, and CV-A2 strains and the emergence of thus-far undescribed HFMD-causing lineages of CV-A4 and CV-A2. The Vietnamese CV-A10 strains belonged to a genotype comprising isolates from patients with HFMD from several other countries; however, most of the Vietnamese strains were grouped into a local lineage. Recently, emerging CV-A4 strains in Vietnam were grouped into a unique lineage within a genotype comprising strains isolated from patients with acute flaccid paralysis from various countries. New substitutions were detected in the putative BC and HI loops in the Vietnamese CV-A4 strains. Except for one strain, Vietnamese CV-A2 isolates were grouped into a unique lineage of a genotype that includes strains from various countries that are associated with other clinical manifestations. Enhanced surveillance is required to monitor their spread and to specify their roles as etiological agents of HFMD or "HFMD-like" diseases, especially for CV-A4 and CV-A2. Further studies including whole-genome sequencing should be conducted to fully understand the evolutionary changes occurring in these newly emerging strains.
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