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Lowik A, Mniszak C, Pang M, Ziafat K, Karamouzian M, Knight R. A sex- and gender-based analysis of alcohol treatment intervention research involving youth: A methodological systematic review. PLoS Med 2024; 21:e1004413. [PMID: 38829916 PMCID: PMC11182506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While there is widespread consensus that sex- and gender-related factors are important for how interventions are designed, implemented, and evaluated, it is not currently known how alcohol treatment research accounts for sex characteristics and/or gender identities and modalities. This methodological systematic review documents and assesses how sex characteristics, gender identities, and gender modalities are operationalized in alcohol treatment intervention research involving youth. METHODS AND FINDINGS We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials, PsycINFO, CINAHL, LGBT Life, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and grey literature from 2008 to 2023. We included articles that reported genders and/or sexes of participants 30 years of age and under and screened participants using AUDIT, AUDIT-C, or a structured interview using DSM-IV criteria. We limited the inclusion to studies that enrolled participants in alcohol treatment interventions and used a quantitative study design. We provide a narrative overview of the findings. Of 8,019 studies screened for inclusion, 86 articles were included in the review. None of the studies defined, measured, and reported both sex and gender variables accurately. Only 2 studies reported including trans participants. Most of the studies used gender or sex measures as a covariate to control for the effects of sex or gender on the intervention but did not discuss the rationale for or implications of this procedure. CONCLUSIONS Our findings identify that the majority of alcohol treatment intervention research with youth conflate sex and gender factors, including terminologically, conceptually, and methodologically. Based on these findings, we recommend future research in this area define and account for a spectrum of gender modalities, identities, and/or sex characteristics throughout the research life cycle, including during study design, data collection, data analysis, and reporting. It is also imperative that sex and gender variables are used expansively to ensure that intersex and trans youth are meaningfully integrated. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registration: PROSPERO, registration number: CRD42019119408.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.J. Lowik
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, Canada
- Institute for Gender, Race, Sexuality and Social Justice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Caroline Mniszak
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Michelle Pang
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kimia Ziafat
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Rod Knight
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, Canada
- Université de Montréal, École de santé publique, Montréal, Canada
- Centre de recherche en santé publique (CReSP), Montréal, Canada
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Willms A, Liu S. Exploring the Feasibility of Using ChatGPT to Create Just-in-Time Adaptive Physical Activity mHealth Intervention Content: Case Study. JMIR MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 10:e51426. [PMID: 38421689 PMCID: PMC10940976 DOI: 10.2196/51426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Achieving physical activity (PA) guidelines' recommendation of 150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA per week has been shown to reduce the risk of many chronic conditions. Despite the overwhelming evidence in this field, PA levels remain low globally. By creating engaging mobile health (mHealth) interventions through strategies such as just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) that are tailored to an individual's dynamic state, there is potential to increase PA levels. However, generating personalized content can take a long time due to various versions of content required for the personalization algorithms. ChatGPT presents an incredible opportunity to rapidly produce tailored content; however, there is a lack of studies exploring its feasibility. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to (1) explore the feasibility of using ChatGPT to create content for a PA JITAI mobile app and (2) describe lessons learned and future recommendations for using ChatGPT in the development of mHealth JITAI content. METHODS During phase 1, we used Pathverse, a no-code app builder, and ChatGPT to develop a JITAI app to help parents support their child's PA levels. The intervention was developed based on the Multi-Process Action Control (M-PAC) framework, and the necessary behavior change techniques targeting the M-PAC constructs were implemented in the app design to help parents support their child's PA. The acceptability of using ChatGPT for this purpose was discussed to determine its feasibility. In phase 2, we summarized the lessons we learned during the JITAI content development process using ChatGPT and generated recommendations to inform future similar use cases. RESULTS In phase 1, by using specific prompts, we efficiently generated content for 13 lessons relating to increasing parental support for their child's PA following the M-PAC framework. It was determined that using ChatGPT for this case study to develop PA content for a JITAI was acceptable. In phase 2, we summarized our recommendations into the following six steps when using ChatGPT to create content for mHealth behavior interventions: (1) determine target behavior, (2) ground the intervention in behavior change theory, (3) design the intervention structure, (4) input intervention structure and behavior change constructs into ChatGPT, (5) revise the ChatGPT response, and (6) customize the response to be used in the intervention. CONCLUSIONS ChatGPT offers a remarkable opportunity for rapid content creation in the context of an mHealth JITAI. Although our case study demonstrated that ChatGPT was acceptable, it is essential to approach its use, along with other language models, with caution. Before delivering content to population groups, expert review is crucial to ensure accuracy and relevancy. Future research and application of these guidelines are imperative as we deepen our understanding of ChatGPT and its interactions with human input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Willms
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Sam Liu
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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Wüllner S, Hermenau K, Krutkova M, Petras IK, Hecker T, Siniatchkin M. Mobile applications in adolescent psychotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1345808. [PMID: 38420028 PMCID: PMC10899334 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1345808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background To bridge the gap in adolescent psychotherapy created by the increasing need for mental health interventions and the limited possibilities of in-person treatment during the pandemic, many health care providers opted to offer online mental health care programs. As a result, the number of mental health apps available in app stores experienced a sharp increase during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective The aim of the current review is to provide an overview of feasibility and effectiveness studies testing mobile applications in adolescent psychotherapy during the peak phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We conducted a literature search in Pubmed, PsychInfo, Google Scholar, OpenSIGLE and OpenGREY for papers published from June 2020 to June 2023. Studies were included if they evaluated app-based interventions intended for psychotherapeutic treatment and targeted adolescents between 12 and 27 years of age with symptoms of psychological disorders. The quality of each study was assessed using the Systematic Assessment of Quality in Observational Research (SAQOR). Effectiveness outcomes were analyzed by vote counting and calculating a binomial probability test. Results The search yielded 31 relevant studies that examined 27 different apps with a total of 1,578 adolescent participants. Nine articles were primary effectiveness studies and 22 focused on feasibility measures as primary outcome. There was evidence that mental health apps influenced adolescents' psychotherapy, with 83% of the studies with effectiveness outcomes favoring the intervention (p = 0.002). Sixty-one percent of the included studies were rated at low or very low quality. Conclusions The pandemic has given apps a firm and important role in healthcare that will probably continue to expand in the future. To ensure that mental health apps are truly effective and beneficial for adolescents' psychotherapy, we need a standardized measurement of quality features of mental health apps and higher quality app evaluation studies. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=406455, PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews [CRD42023406455].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Wüllner
- University Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Protestant Hospital Bethel, Bielefeld University, Medical School East Westphalia, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Katharin Hermenau
- University Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Protestant Hospital Bethel, Bielefeld University, Medical School East Westphalia, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Mariya Krutkova
- University Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Protestant Hospital Bethel, Bielefeld University, Medical School East Westphalia, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Ira-Katharina Petras
- University Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Protestant Hospital Bethel, Bielefeld University, Medical School East Westphalia, Bielefeld, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics of Children and Adolescents, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tobias Hecker
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Conflict and Violence Research, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Michael Siniatchkin
- University Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Protestant Hospital Bethel, Bielefeld University, Medical School East Westphalia, Bielefeld, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics of Children and Adolescents, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Pitrat B, Turpin A, Peyret E, Hamonniere T, Drain A, Maatoug R, Le Roux E. Mobile app measuring sleep and behaviors: A trial in adolescents with addiction. L'ENCEPHALE 2024:S0013-7006(23)00214-2. [PMID: 38311486 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The smartphones generalisation allows the development of attractive "real-life" monitoring tools for care and research enabling the measurement of addictive behaviours and comorbidities such as sleep disorders. The study objective was to assess the interest of a mobile app collecting such information among adolescents with addictive behaviours in order to enhance the availability of behavioural data in consultation. METHODS An open label randomised pilot study was held along two parallel arms. The patients randomised to the intervention group (n=18) used a mobile app to provide daily data for 15 days relating to their sleep and their behaviour (addictive behaviours with or without substances). The patients in the control group (n=18) used a paper diary allowing the collection of the same data, only the medium differed. RESULTS The patients' median age was 16 years [15.0-16.5]. A median of 67% and 10% of the expected information was completed respectively in the intervention and control groups during the 15 days of follow-up and could be used in consultation (P=0.08). The patient's knowledge, attitudes, intentions to change, behaviour change and seeking help related to the use of the diaries appeared higher in the intervention group (20.5/30) than in the control group (11/20). CONCLUSION This study described the high patient compliance with the data collection by means of the app. The diary app seems to have been more impactful for patients than the paper diary. This app could represent an important tool to improve the therapeutic alliance and care due to a better knowledge of the behaviours on the part of the clinician but also a better awareness of the patients themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Pitrat
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert-Debré Hospital, AP-HP Nord-université de Paris, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Agathe Turpin
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Robert-Debré Hospital, AP-HP Nord-université de Paris, Inserm, CIC 1426, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Peyret
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert-Debré Hospital, AP-HP Nord-université de Paris, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Tristan Hamonniere
- LPPS, université de Paris, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; Clinique médicale et pédagogique Dupré, Fondation santé des étudiants de France, Sceaux, France
| | | | - Redwan Maatoug
- Service de psychiatrie adulte de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, institut du cerveau (ICM), AP-HP, Sorbonne université, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Enora Le Roux
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Robert-Debré Hospital, AP-HP Nord-université de Paris, Inserm, CIC 1426, Paris, France; ECEVE UMR 1123, Inserm, université de Paris, Paris, France.
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Wu T, Sherman G, Giorgi S, Thanneeru P, Ungar LH, Kamath PS, Simonetto DA, Curtis BL, Shah VH. Smartphone sensor data estimate alcohol craving in a cohort of patients with alcohol-associated liver disease and alcohol use disorder. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0329. [PMID: 38055637 PMCID: PMC10984664 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensors within smartphones, such as accelerometer and location, can describe longitudinal markers of behavior as represented through devices in a method called digital phenotyping. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of digital phenotyping for patients with alcohol-associated liver disease and alcohol use disorder, determine correlations between smartphone data and alcohol craving, and establish power assessment for future studies to prognosticate clinical outcomes. METHODS A total of 24 individuals with alcohol-associated liver disease and alcohol use disorder were instructed to download the AWARE application to collect continuous sensor data and complete daily ecological momentary assessments on alcohol craving and mood for up to 30 days. Data from sensor streams were processed into features like accelerometer magnitude, number of calls, and location entropy, which were used for statistical analysis. We used repeated measures correlation for longitudinal data to evaluate associations between sensors and ecological momentary assessments and standard Pearson correlation to evaluate within-individual relationships between sensors and craving. RESULTS Alcohol craving significantly correlated with mood obtained from ecological momentary assessments. Across all sensors, features associated with craving were also significantly correlated with all moods (eg, loneliness and stress) except boredom. Individual-level analysis revealed significant relationships between craving and features of location entropy and average accelerometer magnitude. CONCLUSIONS Smartphone sensors may serve as markers for alcohol craving and mood in alcohol-associated liver disease and alcohol use disorder. Findings suggest that location-based and accelerometer-based features may be associated with alcohol craving. However, data missingness and low participant retention remain challenges. Future studies are needed for further digital phenotyping of relapse risk and progression of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Garrick Sherman
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Health Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Salvatore Giorgi
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Health Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Priya Thanneeru
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Lyle H. Ungar
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Patrick S. Kamath
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Douglas A. Simonetto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Brenda L. Curtis
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Health Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vijay H. Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Bonar EE, Goldstick JE, Tan CY, Bourque C, Carter PM, Duval ER, McAfee J, Walton MA. A remote brief intervention plus social media messaging for cannabis use among emerging adults: A pilot randomized controlled trial in emergency department patients. Addict Behav 2023; 147:107829. [PMID: 37598642 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interventions addressing cannabis use among emerging adults (ages 18-25) are currently needed to prevent negative outcomes. Emergency Department (ED) visits provide an opportunity to initiate interventions. In this pilot study, we created a brief intervention (BI), extended with private social media messaging for emerging adult ED patients who use cannabis regularly. Study aims were to examine intervention feasibility, acceptability, and descriptive outcomes. METHODS We recruited and randomized N = 58 emerging adults (M age 21.5 years, 65.5% female) who used cannabis from an ED in-person and remotely after their ED visit (given COVID-19 restrictions). Participants randomized to the intervention (N = 30) received a Motivational Interviewing-based BI and 4 weeks of health coaching via private social media; control participants received a resource brochure and entertaining social media messaging. Follow-ups occurred at 1-month and 3-months. RESULTS Most intervention participants liked the BI (95.8%), found it helpful to discuss cannabis use in the BI (91.7%), and liked interacting with coaches on social media (86.3%). Social media content (e.g., video clips, images/still pictures/memes) were highly rated. Descriptively, the intervention group showed theory-consistent changes in importance of and intentions to change cannabis (increases vs. decrease/stability in control group), whereas findings for cannabis consumption/consequences were mixed. CONCLUSIONS This BI paired with social media messaging was acceptable in a sample of emerging adults from an ED who used cannabis regularly. Despite feasibility challenges due to COVID-19, this intervention warrants future investigation with a larger sample and longer follow-up period, with attention to the changing cannabis landscape when measuring outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Bonar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Injury Prevention Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 10, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Jason E Goldstick
- Injury Prevention Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 10, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 10, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Chiu Yi Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Carrie Bourque
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Patrick M Carter
- Injury Prevention Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 10, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 10, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Emergency Medicine, Hurley Medical Center, 1 Hurley Plaza, Flint, MI 48503, USA.
| | - Elizabeth R Duval
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Jenna McAfee
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Burlington Building, 325 E. Eisenhower Parkway, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA.
| | - Maureen A Walton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Injury Prevention Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Building 10, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Park LS, Kornfield R, Yezihalem M, Quanbeck A, Mellinger J, German M. Testing a Digital Health App for Patients With Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease: Mixed Methods Usability Study. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e47404. [PMID: 37966869 PMCID: PMC10687677 DOI: 10.2196/47404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is increasingly common and associated with serious and costly health consequences. Cessation of drinking can improve ALD morbidity and mortality; however, support for cessation is not routinely offered to those diagnosed with ALD, and continued drinking or resumption of drinking after diagnosis is common. Mobile health (mHealth) has the potential to offer convenient and scalable support for alcohol cessation to those diagnosed with ALD, but mHealth interventions for alcohol cessation have not been designed for or evaluated in a population with ALD. OBJECTIVE This study aims to understand how individuals with ALD would perceive and use an mHealth tool for alcohol cessation and to gather their perspectives on potential refinements to the tool that would allow it to better meet their needs. METHODS We interviewed 11 individuals who attended clinic visits related to their ALD to elicit their needs related to support for alcohol cessation and views on how mHealth could be applied. After completing initial interviews (pre), participants were provided with access to an mHealth app designed for alcohol cessation, which they used for 1 month. Afterward, they were interviewed again (post) to give feedback on their experiences, including aspects of the app that met their needs and potential refinements. We applied a mixed methods approach, including a qualitative analysis to identify major themes from the interview transcripts and descriptive analyses of use of the app over 1 month. RESULTS First, we found that a diagnosis of ALD is perceived as a motivator to quit drinking but that patients had difficulty processing the overwhelming amount of information about ALD they received and finding resources for cessation of alcohol use. Second, we found that the app was perceived as usable and useful for supporting drinking recovery, with patients responding favorably to the self-tracking and motivational components of the app. Finally, patients identified areas in which the app could be adapted to meet the needs of patients with ALD, such as providing information on the medical implications of an ALD diagnosis and how to care for their liver as well as connecting individuals with ALD to one another via a peer-to-peer support forum. Rates of app use were high and sustained across the entire study, with participants using the app a little more than half the days during the study on average and with 100% (11/11) of participants logging in each week. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the need for convenient access to resources for alcohol cessation after ALD diagnosis and support the potential of an mHealth approach to integrate recovery support into care for ALD. Our findings also highlight the ways the alcohol cessation app should be modified to address ALD-specific concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda S Park
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Rachel Kornfield
- Preventive Medicine (Behavioral Medicine), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | | | - Andrew Quanbeck
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jessica Mellinger
- Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Margarita German
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Dallas JC, Jullamate P, Vatanasin D, Moungkum S, Nadarajan S, Krungkraipetch N. Resilience and Influencing Factors Among Youths Undergoing Substance Abuse Treatment in Thailand: A Cross-Sectional Study. SAGE Open Nurs 2023; 9:23779608231157986. [PMID: 36824319 PMCID: PMC9941599 DOI: 10.1177/23779608231157986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Resilience aids rapid recovery from substance abuse, prevents the likelihood of relapse, and improves the quality of life of the youths with substance abuse. Objective This study aimed to assess the resilience level and related factors predicting resilience among youths undergoing substance abuse treatment in Thailand. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional design with a simple random sampling technique was used. A total of 430 young substance abusers undergoing treatment were recruited from ten treatment centers in Eastern Thailand from April to June 2021. Data were collected using nine questionnaires: demographic form, resilience questionnaire, Rosenberg self-esteem questionnaire, psychological flexibility for substance abuser questionnaire, cognitive fusion questionnaire, substance abuse self-stigma scale, family connectedness scale, friendship intimacy questionnaire, and personal resource questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and stepwise multiple regression were used to analyze data. Results The results showed a high level of resilience (89.30%) among the youths undergoing substance abuse treatment. The stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the significant factors associated with resilience include self-esteem (β = 0.260, p < .001), psychological flexibility (β = 0.222, p < .001), social support (β = 0.209, p < .000), and family connectedness (β = -0.194, p < .001). All the variables collectively explained 26.9% of the variance for resilience among the youths with substance abuse (R 2 = .269, p < .001). Conclusion Determining resilience and its related factors among the youths undergoing substance abuse treatment is significant as it guides the formulation of the substance abuse treatment programs, improves mental health and quality of life, and prevents relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjutha Chaisena Dallas
- Faculty of Nursing, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand,Jinjutha Chaisena Dallas, Faculty of Nursing, Burapha University, No. 169 Long Hard Bangsaen Road, Tambon Saensook, Amphur Muang, Chonburi 20131, Thailand.
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Monarque M, Sabetti J, Ferrari M. Digital interventions for substance use disorders in young people: rapid review. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2023; 18:13. [PMID: 36805783 PMCID: PMC9937742 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-023-00518-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young people are disproportionately more likely than other age groups to use substances. The rise in substance use and related harms, including overdose, during the Covid-19 pandemic has created a critical need for more innovative and accessible substance use interventions. Digital interventions have shown effectiveness and can provide more engaging, less stigmatizing, and accessible interventions that meet the needs of young people. This review provides an overview of recent literature on the nature of recently published digital interventions for young people in terms of technologies used, substances targeted, intended outcomes and theoretical or therapeutic models employed. METHODS Rapid review methodology was used to identify and assess the literature on digital interventions for young people. An initial keyword search was conducted using MEDLINE the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE), Health Technology Assessment Database (HTA) and PROSPERO for the years 2015-2020, and later updated to December 2021. Following a title/abstract and full-text screening of articles, and consensus decision on study inclusion, the data extraction process proceeded using an extraction grid developed for the study. Data synthesis relied on an adapted conceptual framework by Stockings, et al. that involved a three-level treatment spectrum for youth substance use (prevention, early intervention, and treatment) for any type of substance. RESULTS In total, the review identified 43 articles describing 39 different digital interventions. Most were early interventions (n = 28), followed by prevention interventions (n = 6) and treatment interventions (n = 5). The identified digital technologies included web-based (n = 14), game-based (n = 10), mobile-based (n = 7), and computer-based (n = 5) technologies, and virtual reality (n = 3). Most interventions targeted alcohol use (n = 20) followed by tobacco/nicotine (n = 5), cannabis (n = 2), opioids (n = 2), ketamine (1) and multiple, or any substances (n = 9). Most interventions used a personalized or normative feedback approach and aimed to effect behaviour change as the intended outcome. Interestingly, a harm reduction approach guided only one of the 39 interventions. CONCLUSIONS While web-based interventions represented the most common type of technology, more recently developed immersive and interactive technologies such as virtual reality and game-based interventions call for further exploration. Digital interventions focused mainly on alcohol use, reflecting less concern for tobacco, cannabis, co-occurring substance use, and illicit drug use. Specifically, the recent exacerbation in the opioid crisis throughout North American underlines the urgent need for more prevention-oriented digital interventions for opioid use. The uptake of digital interventions among youth also depends on the incorporation of harm reduction approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Monarque
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Judith Sabetti
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Manuela Ferrari
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Douglas Hospital Research Centre, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Perry C3 E-3102, QC H4H 1R3, Montreal, Canada.
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Xu Z, Smit E. Using a complexity science approach to evaluate the effectiveness of just-in-time adaptive interventions: A meta-analysis. Digit Health 2023; 9:20552076231183543. [PMID: 37521518 PMCID: PMC10373115 DOI: 10.1177/20552076231183543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs), which allow individuals to receive the right amount of tailored support at the right time and place, hold enormous potential for promoting behavior change. However, research on JITAIs' implementation and evaluation is still in its early stages, and more empirical evidence is needed. This meta-analysis took a complexity science approach to evaluate the effectiveness of JITAIs that promote healthy behaviors and assess whether key design principles can increase JITAIs' impacts. Methods We searched five databases for English-language papers. Study eligibility required that interventions objectively measured health outcomes, had a control condition or pre-post-test design, and were conducted in the real-world setting. We included randomized and non-randomized trials. Data extraction encompassed interventions' features, methodologies, theoretical foundations, and delivery modes. RoB 2 and ROBINS-I were used to assess risk of bias. Results The final analysis included 21 effect sizes with 592 participants. All included studies used pre- and post-test design. A three-level random meta-analytic model revealed a medium effect of JITAIs on objective behavior change (g = 0.77 (95% confidence interval (CI); 0.32 to 1.22), p < 0.001). The summary effect was robust to bias. Moderator analysis indicated that design principles, such as theoretical foundations, targeted behaviors, and passive or active assessments, did not moderate JITAIs' effects. Passive assessments were more likely than a combination of passive and active assessments to relate to higher intervention retention rates. Conclusions This review demonstrated some evidence for the efficacy of JITAIs. However, high-quality randomized trials and data on non-adherence are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Xu
- School of Communication, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Eline Smit
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Anderson MA, Budney AJ, Jacobson NC, Nahum-Shani I, Stanger C. End User Participation in the Development of an Ecological Momentary Intervention to Improve Coping With Cannabis Cravings: Formative Study. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e40139. [PMID: 36520509 PMCID: PMC9801264 DOI: 10.2196/40139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis misuse in young adults is a major public health concern. An important predictor of continued use is cannabis craving. Due to the time-varying nature of cravings, brief momentary interventions delivered while cravings are elevated may improve the use of strategies to cope with cravings and reduce cannabis use. OBJECTIVE The goal of this manuscript is to describe a formative study to develop coping strategy messages for use in a subsequent intervention. METHODS Young adults (aged 19-25 years; n=20) who reported using cannabis >10 of the past 30 days recruited via social media participated in this formative study. Participants rated an initial set of 15 mindfulness and 15 distraction coping strategies on a scale from 1 to 4 (very low degree to very high degree) for clarity, usefulness, and tone. They also provided comments about the content. RESULTS Participants found the initial distraction messages slightly clearer than mindfulness (mean 3.5, SD 0.4 and mean 3.4, SD 0.4, respectively), both were comparable in tone (mean 3.2, SD 0.5 and mean 3.2, SD 0.4, respectively), and mindfulness messages were more useful than distraction (mean 3.0, SD 0.5 and mean 2.8, SD 0.6, respectively). Of the 30 messages, 29 received a rating of very low or low (<2) on any domain by >3 participants or received a comment suggesting a change. We revised all these messages based on this feedback, and the participants rated the revised messages approximately 2 weeks later. Participants earned US $10 for completing the first and US $20 for the second survey. The ratings improved on usefulness (especially the distraction items) with very little change in clarity and tone. The top 10 messages of each coping type (mindfulness and distraction) were identified by overall average rating (collapsed across all 3 dimensions: all rated >3.0). The final items were comparable in clarity (distraction mean 3.6, SD 0.4; mindfulness mean 3.6, SD 0.4), tone (distraction mean 3.4, SD 0.4; mindfulness mean 3.4, SD 0.4), and usefulness (distraction mean 3.1, SD 0.5; mindfulness mean 3.2, SD 0.5). CONCLUSIONS The inclusion of end users in the formative process of developing these messages was valuable and resulted in improvements to the content of the messages. The majority of the messages were changed in some way including the removal of potentially triggering language. These messages were subsequently used in an ecological momentary intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly A Anderson
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Alan J Budney
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Nicholas C Jacobson
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Inbal Nahum-Shani
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Catherine Stanger
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States
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12
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Paat YF, Markham C, Mangadu T. Risky Sexual Behavior Among Mexican-Origin Emerging Adults in Los Angeles. SOCIAL WORK IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 37:781-795. [PMID: 35786317 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2022.2089798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the empirical link between substance use, and family, school, and contextual factors relevant to emerging adulthood and Mexican-origin emerging adults' sexual risk-taking behavior using a longitudinal design that followed the respondents from adolescence to emerging adulthood (n = 520). Overall, we found that engaging in one high-risk sexual behavior was associated with higher odds of engaging in another. While alcohol and substance use was associated with higher odds of engaging in risky sexual behavior, living with parents, having at least one parent who was a college graduate, sharing a higher level of parental closeness, being more bicultural, starting college, a new school, or classes, and feeling like an adult were associated with lower odds of engaging in sexual risk-taking behavior. Contrary to the study hypothesis, a higher level of family cohesion was associated with higher odds of such behavior. Lastly, male respondents tended to have more than 3 sexual partners but were less likely to not use condoms compared with their female counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yok-Fong Paat
- Department of Social Work, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Christine Markham
- School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Thenral Mangadu
- Department of Public Health, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
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13
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Nahum-Shani I, Dziak JJ, Walton MA, Dempsey W. Hybrid Experimental Designs for Intervention Development: What, Why, and How. ADVANCES IN METHODS AND PRACTICES IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2022; 5:10.1177/25152459221114279. [PMID: 36935844 PMCID: PMC10024531 DOI: 10.1177/25152459221114279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Advances in mobile and wireless technologies offer tremendous opportunities for extending the reach and impact of psychological interventions and for adapting interventions to the unique and changing needs of individuals. However, insufficient engagement remains a critical barrier to the effectiveness of digital interventions. Human delivery of interventions (e.g., by clinical staff) can be more engaging but potentially more expensive and burdensome. Hence, the integration of digital and human-delivered components is critical to building effective and scalable psychological interventions. Existing experimental designs can be used to answer questions either about human-delivered components that are typically sequenced and adapted at relatively slow timescales (e.g., monthly) or about digital components that are typically sequenced and adapted at much faster timescales (e.g., daily). However, these methodologies do not accommodate sequencing and adaptation of components at multiple timescales and hence cannot be used to empirically inform the joint sequencing and adaptation of human-delivered and digital components. Here, we introduce the hybrid experimental design (HED)-a new experimental approach that can be used to answer scientific questions about building psychological interventions in which human-delivered and digital components are integrated and adapted at multiple timescales. We describe the key characteristics of HEDs (i.e., what they are), explain their scientific rationale (i.e., why they are needed), and provide guidelines for their design and corresponding data analysis (i.e., how can data arising from HEDs be used to inform effective and scalable psychological interventions).
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbal Nahum-Shani
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - John J. Dziak
- Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania
| | - Maureen A. Walton
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, Injury Prevention Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Walter Dempsey
- School of Public Health and Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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14
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Mair JL, Hayes LD, Campbell AK, Buchan DS, Easton C, Sculthorpe N. A Personalized Smartphone-Delivered Just-in-time Adaptive Intervention (JitaBug) to Increase Physical Activity in Older Adults: Mixed Methods Feasibility Study. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e34662. [PMID: 35389348 PMCID: PMC9030994 DOI: 10.2196/34662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) provide real time in-the-moment behavior change support to people when they need it most. JITAIs could be a viable way to provide personalized physical activity (PA) support to older adults in the community. However, it is unclear how feasible it is to remotely deliver a PA intervention through a smartphone to older adults or how acceptable they would find a JITAI targeting PA in everyday life. OBJECTIVE The aims of this study are to describe the development of JitaBug, a personalized smartphone-delivered JITAI designed to support older adults to increase or maintain their PA level, assess the feasibility of conducting an effectiveness trial of the JitaBug intervention, and explore the acceptability of JitaBug among older adults in a free-living setting. METHODS The intervention was developed using the Behavior Change Wheel and consisted of a wearable activity tracker (Fitbit) and a companion smartphone app (JitaBug) that delivered goal-setting, planning, reminders, and JITAI messages to encourage achievement of personalized PA goals. Message delivery was tailored based on time of day, real time PA tracker data, and weather conditions. We tested the feasibility of remotely delivering the intervention with older adults in a 6-week trial. Data collection involved assessment of PA through accelerometery and activity tracker, self-reported mood and mental well-being through ecological momentary assessment, and contextual information on PA through voice memos. Feasibility outcomes included recruitment capability and adherence to the intervention, intervention delivery in the wild, appropriateness of data collection methodology, adverse events, and participant satisfaction. RESULTS Of the 46 recruited older adults (aged 56-72 years), 31 (67%) completed the intervention. The intervention was successfully delivered as intended; 87% (27/31) of the participants completed the intervention independently; 94% (2247/2390) of the PA messages were successfully delivered; 99% (2239/2261) of the Fitbit and 100% (2261/2261) of the weather data calls were successful. Valid and usable wrist-worn accelerometer data were obtained from 90% (28/31) of the participants at baseline and follow-up. On average, the participants recorded 50% (7.9/16, SD 7.3) of the voice memos, 38% (3.3/8, SD 4.2) of the mood assessments, and 50% (2.1/4, SD 1.6) of the well-being assessments through the app. Overall acceptability of the intervention was very good (23/30, 77% expressed satisfaction). Participant feedback suggested that more diverse and tailored PA messages, app use reminders, technical refinements, and an improved user interface could improve the intervention and make it more appealing. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that a smartphone-delivered JITAI is an acceptable way to support PA in older adults in the community. Overall, the intervention is feasible; however, based on user feedback, the JitaBug app requires further technical refinements that may enhance use, engagement, and user satisfaction before moving to effectiveness trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Louise Mair
- Future Health Technologies, Singapore-ETH Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lawrence D Hayes
- Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, South Lanarkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Amy K Campbell
- School of Science, Technology and Health, York St John University, York, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan S Buchan
- Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, South Lanarkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Easton
- Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, South Lanarkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Sculthorpe
- Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, South Lanarkshire, United Kingdom
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15
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Marcu G, Ondersma SJ, Spiller AN, Broderick BM, Kadri R, Buis LR. The Perceived Benefits of Digital Interventions for Behavioral Health: Qualitative Interview Study. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e34300. [PMID: 35353045 PMCID: PMC9008533 DOI: 10.2196/34300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Digital interventions have gained momentum in terms of behavioral health. However, owing to lacking standard approaches or tools for creating digital behavioral interventions, clinical researchers follow widely varying conceptions of how best to go about digital intervention development. Researchers also face significant cost-, time-, and expertise-related challenges in digital intervention development. Improving the availability of tools and guidance for researchers will require a thorough understanding of the motivations and needs of researchers seeking to create digital interventions. Objective This study aims to understand the perceptions of behavioral researchers toward digital interventions, and inform the use of these interventions, by documenting the reasons why researchers are increasingly focusing their efforts on digital interventions and their perspectives on the perceived benefits that digital approaches can provide for researchers and intervention recipients. Methods We conducted semistructured qualitative interviews with 18 researchers who had experience designing digital behavioral interventions or running studies with them. A convenience sample of interviewees was recruited from among users of the Computerized Intervention Authoring System platform, a web-based tool that facilitates the process of creating and deploying digital interventions in behavioral research. Interviews were conducted over teleconference between February and April 2020. Recordings from the interviews were transcribed and thematically analyzed by multiple coders. Results Interviews were completed with 18 individuals and lasted between 24 and 65 (mean 46.9, SD 11.3) minutes. Interviewees were predominantly female (17/18, 94%) and represented different job roles, ranging from researcher to project or study staff. Four major themes came out of the interviews concerning the benefits of digital interventions for behavioral health: convenience and flexibility for interventionists and recipients, support for implementing evidence-based interventions with fidelity, scaling and improving access to interventions, and getting a foot in the door despite stigma and disenfranchisement. Conclusions Interviewees described a number of important potential benefits of digital interventions, particularly with respect to scientific rigor, scalability, and overcoming barriers to reaching more people. There are complex considerations with regard to translating behavior change strategies into digital forms of delivery, and interventionists make individual, sometimes unexpected, choices with minimal evidence of their relative effectiveness. Future research should investigate how behavioral researchers can be supported in making these choices toward usability, ease of access, and approachability of digital interventions. Our study underscores the need for authoring platforms that can facilitate the process of creating and deploying digital interventions to reach their full potential for interventionists and recipients alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Marcu
- School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Steven J Ondersma
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Biology and the Division of Public Health, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Allison N Spiller
- School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | | - Reema Kadri
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Lorraine R Buis
- School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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16
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de Sousa D, Fogel A, Azevedo J, Padrão P. The Effectiveness of Web-Based Interventions to Promote Health Behaviour Change in Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061258. [PMID: 35334915 PMCID: PMC8954163 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although web-based interventions are attractive to researchers and users, the evidence about their effectiveness in the promotion of health behaviour change is still limited. Our aim was to review the effectiveness of web-based interventions used in health behavioural change in adolescents regarding physical activity, eating habits, tobacco and alcohol use, sexual behaviour, and quality of sleep. Studies published from 2016 till the search was run (May-to-June 2021) were included if they were experimental or quasi-experimental studies, pre-post-test studies, clinical trials, or randomized controlled trials evaluating the effectiveness of web-based intervention in promoting behaviour change in adolescents regarding those health behaviours. The risk of bias assessment was performed by using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP)-Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Fourteen studies were included. Most were in a school setting, non-probabilistic and relatively small samples. All had a short length of follow-up and were theory driven. Thirteen showed significant positive findings to support web-based interventions' effectiveness in promoting health behaviour change among adolescents but were classified as low evidence quality. Although this review shows that web-based interventions may contribute to health behaviour change among adolescents, these findings rely on low-quality evidence, so it is urgent to test these interventions in larger controlled trials with long-term maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela de Sousa
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (D.d.S.); (A.F.); (J.A.)
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Adriana Fogel
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (D.d.S.); (A.F.); (J.A.)
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Azevedo
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (D.d.S.); (A.F.); (J.A.)
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Letras, Universidade do Porto, 4150-564 Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Padrão
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (D.d.S.); (A.F.); (J.A.)
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-22-5074320
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Schwarz EB, Chatterton B, Fix M, Tebb K, Rodriguez F, Tancredi DJ, Muriki M, Satterfield J. Remotely Educating Young Women About Alcohol: A Randomized Trial of the PartyWise Intervention. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2022; 31:1179-1187. [DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2021.0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Bimla Schwarz
- Division of General Internal Medicine at San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Brittany Chatterton
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Margaret Fix
- Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Kathleen Tebb
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Felicia Rodriguez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel J. Tancredi
- Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Maneesha Muriki
- Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Jason Satterfield
- Division of General Internal Medicine at Mt Zion, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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18
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Coughlin LN, Bonar EE, Walton MA, Fernandez AC, Duguid I, Nahum-Shani I. New Directions for Motivational Incentive Interventions for Smoking Cessation. Front Digit Health 2022; 4:803301. [PMID: 35310552 PMCID: PMC8931767 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2022.803301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Motivational incentive interventions are highly effective for smoking cessation. Yet, these interventions are not widely available to people who want to quit smoking, in part, due to barriers such as administrative burden, concern about the use of extrinsic reinforcement (i.e., incentives) to improve cessation outcomes, suboptimal intervention engagement, individual burden, and up-front costs. Purpose Technological advancements can mitigate some of these barriers. For example, mobile abstinence monitoring and digital, automated incentive delivery have the potential to lower the clinic burden associated with monitoring abstinence and administering incentives while also reducing the frequency of clinic visits. However, to fully realize the potential of digital technologies to deliver motivational incentives it is critical to develop strategies to mitigate longstanding concerns that reliance on extrinsic monetary reinforcement may hamper internal motivation for cessation, improve individual engagement with the intervention, and address scalability limitations due to the up-front cost of monetary incentives. Herein, we describe the state of digitally-delivered motivational incentives. We then build on existing principles for creating just-in-time adaptive interventions to highlight new directions in leveraging digital technology to improve the effectiveness and scalability of motivational incentive interventions. Conclusions Technological advancement in abstinence monitoring coupled with digital delivery of reinforcers has made the use of motivational incentives for smoking cessation increasingly feasible. We propose future directions for a new era of motivational incentive interventions that leverage technology to integrate monetary and non-monetary incentives in a way that addresses the changing needs of individuals as they unfold in real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara N. Coughlin
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Injury Prevention Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Lara N. Coughlin
| | - Erin E. Bonar
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Injury Prevention Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Maureen A. Walton
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Injury Prevention Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Anne C. Fernandez
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Isabelle Duguid
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Inbal Nahum-Shani
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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19
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Brezing CA, Levin FR. Applications of technology in the assessment and treatment of cannabis use disorder. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1035345. [PMID: 36339845 PMCID: PMC9626500 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1035345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis use and Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD) have been increasing. There are no FDA approved medications and evidence-based psychotherapy is limited by insufficient providers, serving very few patients effectively. The lack of resources for prevention and treatment of CUD has resulted in a significant gap between the need for services and access to treatment. The creation of a scalable system to prevent, screen, refer and provide treatment for a chronic, relapsing diagnosis like CUD could be achieved through the application of technology. Many studies have utilized ecological momentary assessments (EMA) in treatment seeking and non-treatment seeking cannabis users. EMA allows for repeated, intensive, longitudinal data collection in vivo. EMA has been studied in cannabis use and its association with affect, craving, withdrawal, other substances, impulsivity, and interpersonal behaviors. EMA has the potential to serve as a valuable monitoring tool in prevention, screening, and treatment for CUD. Research has also focused on the development of internet and application-based treatments for CUD, including a currently available prescription digital therapeutic. Treatment options have expanded to more broadly incorporate telehealth as an option for CUD treatment with broad acceptance and change in regulation following the COVID-19 pandemic. While technology has limitations, including cost, privacy concerns, and issues with engagement, it will be a necessary medium to meet societal health needs as a consequence of an ever-changing cannabis regulatory landscape. Future work should focus on improving existing platforms while ethically incorporating other functions (e.g., sensors) to optimize a public and clinical health approach to CUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A Brezing
- Division on Substance Use Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Frances R Levin
- Division on Substance Use Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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20
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Torous J, Bucci S, Bell IH, Kessing LV, Faurholt-Jepsen M, Whelan P, Carvalho AF, Keshavan M, Linardon J, Firth J. The growing field of digital psychiatry: current evidence and the future of apps, social media, chatbots, and virtual reality. World Psychiatry 2021; 20:318-335. [PMID: 34505369 PMCID: PMC8429349 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As the COVID-19 pandemic has largely increased the utilization of telehealth, mobile mental health technologies - such as smartphone apps, vir-tual reality, chatbots, and social media - have also gained attention. These digital health technologies offer the potential of accessible and scalable interventions that can augment traditional care. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive update on the overall field of digital psychiatry, covering three areas. First, we outline the relevance of recent technological advances to mental health research and care, by detailing how smartphones, social media, artificial intelligence and virtual reality present new opportunities for "digital phenotyping" and remote intervention. Second, we review the current evidence for the use of these new technological approaches across different mental health contexts, covering their emerging efficacy in self-management of psychological well-being and early intervention, along with more nascent research supporting their use in clinical management of long-term psychiatric conditions - including major depression; anxiety, bipolar and psychotic disorders; and eating and substance use disorders - as well as in child and adolescent mental health care. Third, we discuss the most pressing challenges and opportunities towards real-world implementation, using the Integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (i-PARIHS) framework to explain how the innovations themselves, the recipients of these innovations, and the context surrounding innovations all must be considered to facilitate their adoption and use in mental health care systems. We conclude that the new technological capabilities of smartphones, artificial intelligence, social media and virtual reality are already changing mental health care in unforeseen and exciting ways, each accompanied by an early but promising evidence base. We point out that further efforts towards strengthening implementation are needed, and detail the key issues at the patient, provider and policy levels which must now be addressed for digital health technologies to truly improve mental health research and treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Torous
- Division of Digital Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sandra Bucci
- Digital Research Unit, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Centre for Health Informatics, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Imogen H Bell
- Orygen, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lars V Kessing
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Faurholt-Jepsen
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pauline Whelan
- Digital Research Unit, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Centre for Health Informatics, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
- IMPACT (Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment) Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Matcheri Keshavan
- Division of Digital Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jake Linardon
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development and School of Psychology, Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Joseph Firth
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
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Mhasawade V, Zhao Y, Chunara R. Machine learning and algorithmic fairness in public and population health. NAT MACH INTELL 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s42256-021-00373-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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