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Patterns of woody species diversity and structure in Thalewood House permanent preservation plot in Bannerghatta National Park, Bangalore, India. Trop Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42965-021-00169-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chen Y, Uriarte M, Wright SJ, Yu S. Effects of neighborhood trait composition on tree survival differ between drought and postdrought periods. Ecology 2019; 100:e02766. [PMID: 31161620 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although direct tree demographic responses to drought are widely recognized, studies of drought-mediated changes in tree interactions are rare. We hypothesize that drought exacerbates soil-water limitation and intensifies competition for water, but reduces light limitation and competition for light. We predict that competition would be stronger for trees (1) consuming more water or more susceptible to water deficits during drought and (2) intercepting more light or more susceptible to shade during postdrought periods. We tested these predictions in a 50-ha tropical forest plot by quantifying the effects of neighborhood mean trait values on tree survival during versus after a severe drought. We used wood density (WD) and leaf mass per area (LMA) as proxies for water and light use strategies, respectively. Tree survival was lower, canopy loss was greater, and sapling recruitment was greater during the drought relative to postdrought census intervals. This suggests that drought pushed water deficits to lethal extremes and increased understory light availability. Relationships between survival and neighborhood WD were independent of drought, which is inconsistent with our first prediction. In contrast, relationships between survival and neighborhood LMA differed strongly with drought. Survival time was unaffected by neighborhood LMA during drought, but was longer for trees of all sizes in low-LMA neighborhoods in the postdrought census interval, consistent with the prediction of reduced competition for light during drought. Our results suggest that severe drought might increase light availability and reduce competition for light in moist tropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Chen
- School of Life Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.,Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterhurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - María Uriarte
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | | | - Shixiao Yu
- School of Life Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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High Mortality and Low Net Change in Live Woody Biomass of Karst Evergreen and Deciduous Broad-Leaved Mixed Forest in Southwestern China. FORESTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/f9050263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ge J, Xiong G, Wang Z, Zhang M, Zhao C, Shen G, Xu W, Xie Z. Altered dynamics of broad-leaved tree species in a Chinese subtropical montane mixed forest: the role of an anomalous extreme 2008 ice storm episode. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:1484-93. [PMID: 25897387 PMCID: PMC4395177 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Extreme climatic events can trigger gradual or abrupt shifts in forest ecosystems via the reduction or elimination of foundation species. However, the impacts of these events on foundation species' demography and forest dynamics remain poorly understood. Here we quantified dynamics for both evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved species groups, utilizing a monitoring permanent plot in a subtropical montane mixed forest in central China from 2001 to 2010 with particular relevance to the anomalous 2008 ice storm episode. We found that both species groups showed limited floristic alterations over the study period. For each species group, size distribution of dead individuals approximated a roughly irregular and flat shape prior to the ice storm and resembled an inverse J-shaped distribution after the ice storm. Furthermore, patterns of mortality and recruitment displayed disequilibrium behaviors with mortality exceeding recruitment for both species groups following the ice storm. Deciduous broad-leaved species group accelerated overall diameter growth, but the ice storm reduced evergreen small-sized diameter growth. We concluded that evergreen broad-leaved species were more susceptible to ice storms than deciduous broad-leaved species, and ice storm events, which may become more frequent with climate change, might potentially threaten the perpetuity of evergreen-dominated broad-leaved forests in this subtropical region in the long term. These results underscore the importance of long-term monitoring that is indispensible to elucidate causal links between forest dynamics and climatic perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jielin Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China ; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Gaoming Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Zhixian Wang
- Administration Bureau of Shennongjia National Nature Reserve Shennongjia, Hubei, 442421, China
| | - Mi Zhang
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining, 810008, China
| | - Changming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Guozhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Wenting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Zongqiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
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Huang JX, Zhang J, Shen Y, Lian JY, Cao HL, Ye WH, Wu LF, Bin Y. Different relationships between temporal phylogenetic turnover and phylogenetic similarity and in two forests were detected by a new null model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95703. [PMID: 24748022 PMCID: PMC3991709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ecologists have been monitoring community dynamics with the purpose of understanding the rates and causes of community change. However, there is a lack of monitoring of community dynamics from the perspective of phylogeny. METHODS/PRINCIPLE FINDINGS We attempted to understand temporal phylogenetic turnover in a 50 ha tropical forest (Barro Colorado Island, BCI) and a 20 ha subtropical forest (Dinghushan in southern China, DHS). To obtain temporal phylogenetic turnover under random conditions, two null models were used. The first shuffled names of species that are widely used in community phylogenetic analyses. The second simulated demographic processes with careful consideration on the variation in dispersal ability among species and the variations in mortality both among species and among size classes. With the two models, we tested the relationships between temporal phylogenetic turnover and phylogenetic similarity at different spatial scales in the two forests. Results were more consistent with previous findings using the second null model suggesting that the second null model is more appropriate for our purposes. With the second null model, a significantly positive relationship was detected between phylogenetic turnover and phylogenetic similarity in BCI at a 10 m×10 m scale, potentially indicating phylogenetic density dependence. This relationship in DHS was significantly negative at three of five spatial scales. This could indicate abiotic filtering processes for community assembly. Using variation partitioning, we found phylogenetic similarity contributed to variation in temporal phylogenetic turnover in the DHS plot but not in BCI plot. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The mechanisms for community assembly in BCI and DHS vary from phylogenetic perspective. Only the second null model detected this difference indicating the importance of choosing a proper null model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xiong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ju-yu Lian
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-lin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wan-hui Ye
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin-fang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Bin
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Nogueira A, Costa FR, Castilho CV. Liana Abundance Patterns: The Role of Ecological Filters during Development. Biotropica 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2010.00722.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tropical tree seedling dynamics: recruitment patterns and their population consequences for three canopy species in Panama. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467400008038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTA study of seedling demography of three shade-tolerant canopy tree species (Quararibea asterolepis, Trichilia tuberculata, and Tetragastris panamensis) was initiated to integrate with long-term studies of tree fruit production and of tree population dynamics on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Over a five-year period, all seedlings (height <50 cm) and small saplings (height ≥50 cm to dbh 1 cm) were measured and monitored in permanent tree-centred transects (N = 10–11 trees per species). Survival rates increased with plant size class and were similar among species. Maximum height growth rates increased with increasing plant size, but average growth rates did not; this disparity suggests the importance of release from understorey suppression for long-term recruitment success. Among the three species, Quararibea had the lowest standing seedling densities and almost no sapling recruitment, whereas Tetragastris had the highest densities of both seedlings and saplings; Trichilia seedling and sapling densities were intermediate. In all three species, a few trees produced very high seedling and sapling densities in comparison with the sample average. All three species exhibited a year of exceptionally high new seedling recruitment during the study period; these good years were not coincident among the species but instead reflected the species' phenological differences. Since seedling survival becomes relatively constant and high after the first few years of life (c. 80% y−1), such large new cohorts persist as a year-class effect in the seedling population and thus maintain seedling numbers over time. The interspecific differences in seedling and sapling dynamics were consistent with overall 10-year trends of a declining Quararibea population, a stable Trichilia population, and an increasing Tetragastris population.
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The canopy gap regime in a secondary Neotropical forest in Panama. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467400008853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTWe mapped the occurrence of canopy gaps periodically between 1978 and 1990 in a 1.5 ha study plot within a 70-year-old (in 1978) Neotropical forest on Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Republic of Panama. The total area of the forest under canopy gaps in the plot averaged 4.3% (3.1% to 5.7%, 95% CI). There was high year-to-year variability in the rate of new gap formation. On the basis of repeated observations for four yearly intervals, the annual rate of new gap formation ranged from 0.45% y−1 to 6.5% y−1. Most gaps were small. The mean size of individual gaps originally was 79 m2 (range: 8-604 m2). However, large gaps (≥150 m2) occurred more frequently than expected for a secondary forest on BCI. Gaps closed rapidly the first year after formation but the rate of closure slowed thereafter. Despite the absence of any obvious environmental gradients, gaps were spatially clustered. Even in this relatively small plot, there seemed to be distinct gap-prone and gap-free areas.
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Changes in tree species abundance in a Neotropical forest: impact of climate change. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467400009433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe abundance of all tree and shrub species has been monitored for eight years in a 50 ha census plot in tropical moist forest in central Panama. Here we examine population trends of the 219 most numerous species in the plot, assessing the impact of a long-term drying trend. Population change was calculated as the mean rate of increase (or decrease) over eight years, considering either all stems ≥10 mm diameter at breast height (dbh) or just stems ≥100 mm dbh. For stems ≥10 mm, 40% of the species had mean growth rates <1% per year (either increasing or decreasing) and 12% had changes ≥5% per year. For stems ≥100 mm, the figures were 38% and 8%.Species that specialize on the slopes of the plot, a moist microhabitat relative to the plateau, suffered significantly more declines in abundance than species that did not prefer slopes (stems ≥10 mm dbh). This pattern was due entirely to species of small stature: 91% of treelets and shrubs that were slope-specialists declined in abundance, but just 19% of non-slope treelets and shrubs declined. Among larger trees, slope and non-slope species fared equally. For stems ≥100 mm dbh, the slope effect vanished because there were few shrubs and treelets with stems ≥100 mm dbh. Another edaphic guild of species, those occurring preferentially in a small swamp in the centre of the plot, were no more likely to decline in abundance than non-swamp species, regardless of growth form. Species that preferentially colonize canopy gaps in the plot were slightly more likely to decrease in abundance than non-colonizing species (only for stems ≥10 mm dbh, not ≥100 mm). Despite this overall trend, however, several colonizing species had the most rapidly increasing populations in the plot.The impact of a 25-year drying trend and an associated increase in the severity of the 4-month dry season is having an obvious impact on the BCI forest. At least 16 species of shrubs and treelets with affinities for moist microhabitats are headed for extinction in the plot. Presumably, these species invaded the forest during a wetter period prior to 1966. A severe drought of 1983 that caused unusually high tree mortality contributed to this trend, and may also have been responsible for sharp increases in abundance of a few gap-colonizers because it temporarily opened the forest canopy. The BCI forest is remarkably sensitive to a subtle climatic shift, yet we do not know whether this is typical for tropical forests because no other large-scale censuses exist for comparison.
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Wieczkowski J, Kinnaird M. Shifting forest composition and primate diets: a 13-year comparison of the Tana River mangabey and its habitat. Am J Primatol 2008; 70:339-48. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Jones FA, Hubbell SP. Demographic spatial genetic structure of the Neotropical tree, Jacaranda copaia. Mol Ecol 2006; 15:3205-17. [PMID: 16968265 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2006.03023.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We used genotypes from six microsatellite loci and demographic data from a large mapped forest plot to study changes in spatial genetic structure across demographic stages, from seed rain to seedlings, juveniles, and adult diameter classes in the Neotropical tree, Jacaranda copaia. In pairwise comparisons of genetic differentiation among demographic classes, only seedlings were significantly differentiated from the other diameter classes; F(ST) values ranged from 0.006 to 0.009. Furthermore, only seedlings showed homozygote excess suggesting biparental inbreeding in the large diameter reproductive adults. We found very low levels of relatedness in the first distance class of trees, 1-26 cm diameter (F(ij) = 0.011). However, there was a 5- to 10-fold rise in relatedness in the smallest distance class, from the smallest to the largest tree diameter classes (F(ij) = 0.110 for individuals > 56 cm diameter). A variety of non-mutually exclusive mechanisms have been invoked perviously to explain such a pattern, including natural selection, history, or nonequilibrium population dynamics. The long-term demographic data available for this species allow us to evaluate these mechanisms. Jacaranda is a fast-growing, light-demanding species with low recruitment rates and high mortality rates in the smaller diameter classes. It successfully regenerates only in large light gaps, which occur infrequently and stochastically in space and time. These factors contribute to the nonequilibrium population dynamics and observed low genetic structure in the small size classes. We conclude that the pattern of spatial genetic transitions in Jacaranda is consistent with overlapping related generations and strong but infrequent periods of high recruitment, followed by long periods of population decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Jones
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Ancon, Balboa, Republic of Panama.
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Wassenaar TD, van Aarde RJ, Pimm SL, Ferreira SM. COMMUNITY CONVERGENCE IN DISTURBED SUBTROPICAL DUNE FORESTS. Ecology 2005. [DOI: 10.1890/03-0836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Rolim SG, Jesus RM, Nascimento HEM, do Couto HTZ, Chambers JQ. Biomass change in an Atlantic tropical moist forest: the ENSO effect in permanent sample plots over a 22-year period. Oecologia 2004; 142:238-46. [PMID: 15455221 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-004-1717-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2004] [Accepted: 08/31/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
There are a number of controversies surrounding both biomass estimation and carbon balance in tropical forests. Here we use long-term (from 1978 through 2000) data from five 0.5-ha permanent sample plots (PSPs) within a large tract of relatively undisturbed Atlantic moist forest in southeastern Brazil to quantify the biomass increment (DeltaM(I)), and change in total stand biomass (DeltaM(stand)), from mortality, recruitment, and growth data for trees >/=10 cm diameter at breast height (DBH). Despite receiving an average of only 1,200 mm annual precipitation, total forests biomass (334.5+/-11.3 Mg ha(-1)) was comparable to moist tropical forests with much greater precipitation. Over this relatively long-term study, forest biomass experienced rapid declines associated with El Niño events, followed by gradual biomass accumulation. Over short time intervals that overlook extreme events, these dynamics can be misinterpreted as net biomass accumulation. However for the 22 years of this study, there was a small reduction in forest biomass, averaging -1.2 Mg ha(-1) year(-1) (+/-3.1). Strong climatic disturbances can severely reduce forest biomass, and if the frequency and intensity of these events increases beyond historical averages, these changing disturbance regimes have the capacity to significantly reduce forest biomass, resulting in a net source of carbon to the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir G Rolim
- Companhia Vale do Rio Doce, Linhares Natural Reserve, Box 91, Linhares, 29900-970, ES, Brazil.
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Huth A, Drechsler M, Köhler P. Multicriteria evaluation of simulated logging scenarios in a tropical rain forest. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2004; 71:321-333. [PMID: 15217720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2004.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2003] [Revised: 03/10/2004] [Accepted: 03/10/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Forest growth models are useful tools for investigating the long-term impacts of logging. In this paper, the results of the rain forest growth model FORMIND were assessed by a multicriteria decision analysis. The main processes covered by FORMIND include tree growth, mortality, regeneration and competition. Tree growth is calculated based on a carbon balance approach. Trees compete for light and space; dying large trees fall down and create gaps in the forest. Sixty-four different logging scenarios for an initially undisturbed forest stand at Deramakot (Malaysia) were simulated. The scenarios differ regarding the logging cycle, logging method, cutting limit and logging intensity. We characterise the impacts with four criteria describing the yield, canopy opening and changes in species composition. Multicriteria decision analysis was used for the first time to evaluate the scenarios and identify the efficient ones. Our results plainly show that reduced-impact logging scenarios are more 'efficient' than the others, since in these scenarios forest damage is minimised without significantly reducing yield. Nevertheless, there is a trade-off between yield and achieving a desired ecological state of logged forest; the ecological state of the logged forests can only be improved by reducing yields and enlarging the logging cycles. Our study also demonstrates that high cutting limits or low logging intensities cannot compensate for the high level of damage caused by conventional logging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Huth
- Department of Ecological Modelling, UFZ Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle, P.O. Box 500 136, D-04301 Leipzig, Germany.
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Peters HA. Neighbour-regulated mortality: the influence of positive and negative density dependence on tree populations in species-rich tropical forests. Ecol Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00492.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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The richness of tropical forest science. Trends Ecol Evol 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5347(03)00126-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Gomes EPC, Mantovani W, Kageyama PY. Mortality and recruitment of trees in a secondary montane rain forest in southeastern Brazil. BRAZ J BIOL 2003; 63:47-60. [PMID: 12914414 DOI: 10.1590/s1519-69842003000100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mortality and recruitment rates were obtained for tree species over a 5.6 year period in a 1-ha fragment of secondary montane rain forest in Southeastern Brazil. All plants with a diameter at breast height (dbh) > or = 8 cm were sampled in 1989-1990 and 1995. There was an increase from 90 to 96 species, and 669 ind./ha to 749 ind./ha over the period. The mortality rate of 1.67%/yr was similar to findings for other forests, while recruitment of 3.46%/yr was the highest rate reported. Both mortality and recruitment were significantly higher in the smaller dbh classes. Recruitment was higher among rare species, and the relatively slow-growing species had significantly higher mortality rates. Differences between species dynamics were marked. Species with high values of lambda were mainly early successional and understorey trees but some understorey species also suffered a marked population decline. The classification system of species in response to light which divides understorey species into "partial shade-bearers" and "shade-bearers" groups showed to be the most suitable to the obtained results. The results suggest that this forest is undergoing a process of recovery from past disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P C Gomes
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Taubaté, Praça Marcelino Monteiro, 63, CEP 12030-010, Taubaté, SP, Brazil.
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Borda‐de‐Água L, Hubbell S, McAllister M. Species‐Area Curves, Diversity Indices, and Species Abundance Distributions: A Multifractal Analysis. Am Nat 2002; 159:138-55. [DOI: 10.1086/324787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Rolim SG, Couto HTZD, Jesus RM. Fluctuaciones Temporales en la Composicion Floristica del Bosque Tropical Atlantico1. Biotropica 2001. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2001.tb00153.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rolim SG, do Couto HTZ, de Jesus RM. Fluctuaciones Temporales en la Composición Florística del Bosque Tropical Atlántico1. Biotropica 2001. [DOI: 10.1646/0006-3606(2001)033[0012:ftelcn]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Curran LM, Leighton M. VERTEBRATE RESPONSES TO SPATIOTEMPORAL VARIATION IN SEED PRODUCTION OF MAST-FRUITING DIPTEROCARPACEAE. ECOL MONOGR 2000. [DOI: 10.1890/0012-9615(2000)070[0101:vrtsvi]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Hubbell SP, Foster RB, O'Brien ST, Harms KE, Condit R, Wechsler B, Wright SJ. Light-Gap disturbances, recruitment limitation, and tree diversity in a neotropical forest. Science 1999; 283:554-7. [PMID: 9915706 DOI: 10.1126/science.283.5401.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 577] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Light gap disturbances have been postulated to play a major role in maintaining tree diversity in species-rich tropical forests. This hypothesis was tested in more than 1200 gaps in a tropical forest in Panama over a 13-year period. Gaps increased seedling establishment and sapling densities, but this effect was nonspecific and broad-spectrum, and species richness per stem was identical in gaps and in nongap control sites. Spatial and temporal variation in the gap disturbance regime did not explain variation in species richness. The species composition of gaps was unpredictable even for pioneer tree species. Strong recruitment limitation appears to decouple the gap disturbance regime from control of tree diversity in this tropical forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- SP Hubbell
- S. P. Hubbell, S. T. O'Brien, B. Wechsler, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. R. B. Foster, K. E. Harms, R. Condit, S. J. Wright, S. Loo de Lao, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Post
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Matos DMS, Watkinson AR. The Fecundity, Seed, and Seedling Ecology of the Edible Palm Euterpe edulis in Southeastern Brazil1. Biotropica 1998. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.1998.tb00099.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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ERCELAWN AC, AFRANKIE JVL, LUM SKY, LEE SK. Short-Term Recruitment of Trees in a Forest Fragment in Singapore. TROPICS 1998. [DOI: 10.3759/tropics.8.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
Tropical rainforests exhibit an extraordinarily high level of biological diversity. A new study shows that the patterns of seedling survival surrounding parent trees are responsible in large part for this amazing diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Mayer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, USA
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Wills C, Condit R, Foster RB, Hubbell SP. Strong density- and diversity-related effects help to maintain tree species diversity in a neotropical forest. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:1252-7. [PMID: 11038601 PMCID: PMC19777 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.4.1252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraspecific density-dependent effects in the Barro Colorado Island (Panama) study area are far stronger, and involve far more species, than previously had been suspected. Significant effects on recruitment, many extremely strong, are seen for 67 out of the 84 most common species in the plot, including the 10 most common. Significant effects on the intrinsic rate of increase are seen in 54 of the 84 species. These effects are far more common than interspecific effects, and are predominantly of the type that should maintain tree diversity. As a result, the more diverse an area in the forest is, the higher is the overall rate of increase of the trees in that area, although sheer crowding has by itself a negative effect. These findings are consistent with, but do not prove, an important role for host-pathogen interactions (defined broadly) in the maintenance of diversity. Ways are suggested by which to test host-pathogen models and competing models.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wills
- Department of Biology and Center for Molecular Genetics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- P. D. Coley
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - J. A. Barone
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
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