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Fatemi SA, Mousstaaid A, Williams CJ, Deines J, Poudel S, Poudel I, Walters ER, Levy AW, Peebles ED. Effects of the Marek's Disease Vaccine on the Performance, Meat Yield, and Incidence of Woody Breast Myopathy in Ross 708 Broilers When Administered Alone or in Conjunction with In ovo and Dietary Supplemental 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1308. [PMID: 38731311 PMCID: PMC11083642 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The effects of the Marek's disease vaccine (MDV) on the live performance, breast meat yield, and incidence of woody breast myopathy (WBM) of Ross 708 broilers were investigated when administered alone or in conjunction with in ovo and dietary supplemental 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25OHD3). At 18 d of incubation (doi), four in ovo injection treatments were randomly assigned to live embryonated Ross 708 broiler hatching eggs: (1) non-injected; (2) commercial MDV alone; or MDV containing either (3) 1.2 or (4) 2.4 μg of 25OHD3. An Inovoject multi-egg injector was used to inject a 50 μL solution volume into each egg. The birds were provided a commercial diet that contained 250 IU of cholecalciferol/kg of feed (control) or a commercial diet that was supplemented with an additional 2760 IU of 25OHD3/kg of feed (HyD-diet). In the growout period, 14 male broilers were placed in each of 48 floor pens resulting 6 replicated pens per in ovo x dietary treatment combination. Live performance variable were measured at each dietary phases from 0 to 14, 15 to 28, and 29 to 40 d of age (doa). At 14 and 40 doa, pectoralis major (P. major) and pectoralis minor (P. minor) muscles were determined for one bird within each of the six replicate pens. At 41 doa, WBM incidence was determined. No significant main or interaction effects occurred for WBM among the dietary or in ovo injection treatments. However, in response to in ovo 25OHD3 supplementation, BW and BWG in the 29 to 40 doa period and BWG and FCR in the 0 to 40 doa period improved. In addition, at 40 and 41 doa, breast meat yield increased in response to in ovo and dietary 25OHD3 supplementation. Future research is needed to determine the possible reasons that may have been involved in the aforementioned improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Abolghasem Fatemi
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (A.M.); (S.P.); (I.P.); (E.R.W.); (E.D.P.)
| | - Ayoub Mousstaaid
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (A.M.); (S.P.); (I.P.); (E.R.W.); (E.D.P.)
| | | | - Joshua Deines
- Zoetis Animal Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27703, USA; (C.J.W.); (J.D.)
| | - Sabin Poudel
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (A.M.); (S.P.); (I.P.); (E.R.W.); (E.D.P.)
| | - Ishab Poudel
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (A.M.); (S.P.); (I.P.); (E.R.W.); (E.D.P.)
| | - Elianna Rice Walters
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (A.M.); (S.P.); (I.P.); (E.R.W.); (E.D.P.)
| | | | - Edgar David Peebles
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (A.M.); (S.P.); (I.P.); (E.R.W.); (E.D.P.)
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2
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Wein Y, Loeb V, Asmare A, Tal S, Finger A, Friedman A. Immunization and Host Responses to MB-1, a Live Hatchery Vaccine against Infectious Bursal Disease. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1316. [PMID: 37631884 PMCID: PMC10458767 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
MB-1 is an attenuated infectious bursal disease virus vaccine. Previously, we observed a temporal delay of vaccine virus replication in the bursae of chicks due to maternally derived antibodies (MDAs). The mechanism that allowed its survival despite MDA neutralization remained unclear. We hypothesized that after vaccination at 1 day of age (DOA), the MB-1 virus penetrates and resides in local macrophages that are then distributed to lymphoid organs. Furthermore, MB-1's ability to survive within macrophages ensures its survival during effective MDA protection. PCR analysis of lymphoid organs from chicks with MDA, vaccinated on 1 DOA, demonstrated that the MB-1 virus was identified at low levels solely in the spleen pre-14 days of age. Fourteen days after vaccination, the virus was identified using PCR in the bursa, with viral levels increasing with time. The possible delay in viral colonization of the bursa was attributed to the presence of anti-IBDV capsid VP2 maternal IgA and IgY in the bursa interstitium. These indicate that during the period of high MDA levels, a small but viable MB-1 viral reservoir was maintained in the spleen, which might have served to colonize the bursa after MDA levels declined. Thereafter, individual immunization of chicks against Gumboro disease was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yossi Wein
- Department of Animal Sciences, R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Virginie Loeb
- Phibro Animal Health Corporation, P.O. Box 489, Beit Shemesh 99100, Israel; (V.L.)
| | - Aderajew Asmare
- Phibro Animal Health Corporation, P.O. Box 489, Beit Shemesh 99100, Israel; (V.L.)
| | - Saar Tal
- Phibro Animal Health Corporation, P.O. Box 489, Beit Shemesh 99100, Israel; (V.L.)
| | - Avner Finger
- Phibro Animal Health Corporation, P.O. Box 489, Beit Shemesh 99100, Israel; (V.L.)
| | - Aharon Friedman
- Department of Animal Sciences, R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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Xue L, Zhang Y, Wang D, Luan W, Yang S. Effect of in ovo administration of Newcastle disease vaccine conjugated with Astragalus polysaccharide on growth performance, intestinal development, and mucosal immunity in broiler chickens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2022; 107:897-906. [PMID: 36094723 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of in ovo administration of a mixture of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) and Newcastle disease vaccine (NDV) on growth performance, intestinal development, and mucosal immunity in newly hatched chicks. Six hundred specific-pathogen-free (SPF) Leghorn fertilised eggs were incubated in a commercial hatchery and divided into four groups: (a) control group injected with 1 ml of 0.9% physiological saline, (b) APS group injected with 1 ml of 1 mg/ml APS solution, and (c) NDV group injected with 1 ml of 104.0 EID50 /dose of NDV solution, and (d) APS + NDV group injected with a mixture of 0.5 ml of 2 mg/ml APS plus 0.5 ml 104.0 EID50 /dose ND vaccine (NDV) on Day 18.5 of incubation. The results showed that in ovo injection of APS or the mixture of APS and NDV increased the body weight at 1 day (IW) and final weight (FW) at 28 days and increased the feed conversion ratio (FCR) at 1-7, 8-14, 15-21, and 1-28 days of age. The villus height (VH) was increased (p < 0.05), and the crypt depth (CD) was decreased (p < 0.05) in the duodenum compared with the control group. The VH/CD ratios were increased (p < 0.05) in the APS + NDV group compared with controls, NDV group, and APS group on d3. The levels of slgA in washings were increased (p < 0.05) on Days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28, and the number of IgA+ cells in the duodenum was increased on Days 7, 14, 21, and 28. In addition, the IgA+ cells were promoted from the villus root to the apex in the APS + NDV group. It can be concluded that in ovo administration of NDV conjugated with APS compared with NDV alone may be more effective in promoting growth performance and intestinal mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligang Xue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingnan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Weimin Luan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Shubao Yang
- Basic Medical College, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
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4
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Zaheer I, Chen W, Khan A, Elokil A, Saleemi MK, Zaheer T, Khan MZ. Immunopathological comparison of in ovo and post-hatch vaccination techniques for infectious bursal disease vaccine in layer chicks. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:947522. [PMID: 35958304 PMCID: PMC9363130 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.947522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to compare immunopathological effects of in ovo vaccination with post-hatch vaccination against IBD in White Leghorn chicks. A total of 189 embryonated eggs were divided into six groups. At day 18 of incubation, groups A–C were administered in ovo with 228E, Winterfield 2512:10/3 and 2512/90:10/2.7, respectively, group D (post-hatch vaccination) and group E as shamed control (for quality evaluation of in ovo vaccination technique), and group F as control. The results showed that antibody titers against IBD detected by ELISA on days 2, 17, and 28 were significantly higher in all in ovo groups as compared to control groups E and F. On day 17, all vaccinated groups (in ovo and post-hatch vaccinated) showed no significant differences in antibody titers among themselves; however, at day 28, only the post-hatch group showed significantly higher antibody titers followed by in ovo vaccinated groups. The cell-mediated immunity determined by PHA-P assay was significantly higher in all vaccinated groups than the non-vaccinated groups. No clinical signs of IBD infection were observed in any of the vaccinated groups. There was only increase in bursa size of groups vaccinated with intermediate plus strains (groups A, C, and D) at day 28. The histopathology showed that all the treatment groups had mild lesions induced by IBD virus in bursa. This study concluded that in ovo vaccination with live IBD vaccines provides protective immunity to the chickens even in the presence of IBD-specific MDA; therefore, the onset of immunity was much earlier than the post-hatch vaccination and in ovo groups also maintained protective immunity against IBD for longer time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Zaheer
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Iqra Zaheer
| | - Wei Chen
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, China
- Wei Chen
| | - Ahrar Khan
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Shandong Vocational Animal Sciences and Veterinary College, Weifang, China
| | - Abdelmotaleb Elokil
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | | | - Tean Zaheer
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Bortolami A, Donini M, Marusic C, Lico C, Drissi Touzani C, Gobbo F, Mazzacan E, Fortin A, Panzarin VM, Bonfante F, Baschieri S, Terregino C. Development of a Novel Assay Based on Plant-Produced Infectious Bursal Disease Virus VP3 for the Differentiation of Infected From Vaccinated Animals. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:786871. [PMID: 34950172 PMCID: PMC8689005 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.786871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus is the causative agent of Gumboro disease, a severe infection that affects young chickens and is associated with lymphoid depletion in the bursa of Fabricius. Traditional containment strategies are based either on inactivated or live-attenuated vaccines. These approaches have several limitations such as residual virulence or low efficacy in the presence of maternally derived antibodies (MDA) but, most importantly, the impossibility to detect the occurrence of natural infections in vaccinated flocks. Therefore, the development of novel vaccination strategies allowing the differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) is a priority. Recently, commercial vectored and experimental subunit vaccines based on VP2 have been proved effective in protecting from clinical disease and posed the basis for the development of novel DIVA strategies. In this study, an engineered version of the VP3 protein of IBDV (His-VP3) was produced in plants, successfully purified from Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, and used to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of anti-VP3 antibodies. The His-VP3 ELISA was validated with a panel of 180 reference sera and demonstrated to have 100% sensitivity (95% CI: 94.7-100.0) and 94.17% specificity (95% CI: 88.4-97.6). To evaluate the application of His-VP3 ELISA as a DIVA test, the novel assay was used to monitor, in combination with a commercial kit, detecting anti-VP2 antibodies, the immune response of chickens previously immunized with an inactivated IBDV vaccine, a recombinant Turkey herpes virus carrying the VP2 of IBDV (HVT-ND-IBD) or with plant-produced VP2 particles. The combined tests correctly identified the immune status of the vaccinated specific pathogen free white-leghorn chickens. Moreover, the His-VP3 ELISA correctly detected MDA against VP3 in commercial broiler chicks and showed that antibody titers fade with time, consistent with the natural decrease of maternally derived immunity. Finally, the novel assay, in combination with a VP2-specific ELISA, demonstrated its potential application as a DIVA test in chickens inoculated with VP2-based vaccines, being able to detect the seroconversion after challenge with a very virulent IBDV strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Bortolami
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Legnaro, Italy
| | - Marcello Donini
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, ENEA Casaccia Research Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Marusic
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, ENEA Casaccia Research Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Lico
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, ENEA Casaccia Research Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Charifa Drissi Touzani
- Avian Pathology Unit, Pathology and Veterinary Public Health Department, Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Federica Gobbo
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Legnaro, Italy
| | - Elisa Mazzacan
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Legnaro, Italy
| | - Andrea Fortin
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Legnaro, Italy
| | - Valentina Maria Panzarin
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Legnaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Bonfante
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Legnaro, Italy
| | - Selene Baschieri
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, ENEA Casaccia Research Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Calogero Terregino
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Legnaro, Italy
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6
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Ray SM, Ashash U, Muthukumar S. A field study on the evaluation of day-of-hatch and in grow-out application of live infectious bursal disease virus vaccine in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101252. [PMID: 34198098 PMCID: PMC8255246 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an acute, highly contagious, economically important disease of young chickens caused by Avibirnavirus, the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). The causative virus is highly resilient in poultry environments and vaccination is the most effective measure for IBDV control. However, the susceptibility of highly attenuated IBDV vaccine strains to neutralization by maternally derived antibodies (MDA) and overwhelming virulence of partly attenuated strains have limited the application of conventional live IBDV vaccines in pre- and posthatch chicks. Nevertheless, preliminary data have raised questions about the validity of this prevailing dogma. India is an IBD endemic country and the disease causes sizeable economic losses in the sector. To evaluate the feasibility of application of live IBDV vaccine strain, the IBDV MB-1, to the maternally immunized day-of-hatch chicks in Indian production environment, 4 large-scale field trials have been conducted. The 4 trials have measured the relative safety, IBDV immunization parameters, and production performances of MB-1 vs. the established live and immune complex IBDV vaccines in a variety of commercial broiler systems. The overall health and production performances in all 4 trials have been better in the MB-1 groups. The results challenge the prevailing notion that live IBDV strains may be neutralized or break through maternal immunity and induce permanent damage to the young broiler chick's immune response. A delayed replication phenomenon following parenteral administration of the live IBDV vaccine strain has been observed, while the delayed replication mechanism remains to be elucidated. This study warrants further research on the molecular mechanism of live IBDV vaccine strain, MB-1, and its interaction with the chicken immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susim Mukul Ray
- Zydus Animal Health, A div. of Cadila Healthcare Ltd., Ahmedabad, India.
| | - Udi Ashash
- Phibro Animal Health Corporation, 2 Ha'Negev St., Airport City, 7010000 Israel
| | - S Muthukumar
- Zydus Animal Health, A div. of Cadila Healthcare Ltd., Ahmedabad, India
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7
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Thomrongsuwannakij T, Charoenvisal N, Chansiripornchai N. Comparison of two attenuated infectious bursal disease vaccine strains focused on safety and antibody response in commercial broilers. Vet World 2021; 14:70-77. [PMID: 33642788 PMCID: PMC7896881 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.70-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Infectious bursal disease (IBD) or Gumboro disease is one of the most detrimental diseases in the poultry industry worldwide. Previous scientific studies have shown that live IBD vaccination might induce transient immunosuppression, leading to suboptimal vaccine responses, and therefore lack of protection against other infectious diseases; therefore, selecting an IBD vaccine in commercial farms is a concern. This study aims to compare two commercially attenuated IBD vaccines (intermediate and intermediate-plus strains) in terms of safety and antibody response to IBD and Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) in commercial broilers. Materials and Methods: Overall, 216 Cobb broiler chickens were divided into three groups based on the IBD vaccine strain administered: V217 strain (Group 1), M.B. strain (Group 2), and an unvaccinated group (Group 3). Groups 1 and 2 were orally vaccinated with Hitchner B1 NDV vaccine strain 7 days after IBD vaccination. Blood samples were collected at IBD vaccination day (15 days of age) and at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days post-IBD vaccination. The immunosuppressive effects of the IBD vaccination were determined by NDV antibody response, the bursa:body weight (B:BW) ratio, and the histopathological lesion scores of the bursa of Fabricius. Phylogenetic analysis was also performed. Results: Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the M.B. strain belonged to a very virulent IBD strain, whereas the V217 strain belonged to a classical IBD virus strain. NDV antibody titers of the two vaccinated groups increased after ND vaccination, reaching their maximum at 14 days post-ND vaccination and decreasing thereafter. The V217 group presented the highest NDV humoral response from 7 days post-vaccination (dpv) to the end of the study. The mean NDV antibody titer of the V217 group was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of the M.B. group at 14 dpv. In addition, the V217 strain-induced lower bursal lesions post-IBD vaccination and a higher B: BW ratio at 7 and 21 dpv compared to the M.B. group. The higher B: BW ratio, lower bursal lesions, and higher ND antibody response present in the V217 group indicate that the V217 strain induces lower immunosuppressive effects compared to the M.B. strain. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that IBD vaccine selection merits consideration, as avoiding the immunosuppressive effects induced by live IBD vaccination and the consequent impact on response to other vaccines is important.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nataya Charoenvisal
- Avian Health Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Niwat Chansiripornchai
- Avian Health Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Shojadoost B, Alizadeh M, Taha-Abdelaziz K, Shoja Doost J, Astill J, Sharif S. In Ovo Inoculation of Vitamin A Modulates Chicken Embryo Immune Functions. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2021; 41:20-28. [PMID: 33471614 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2020.0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A mediates many important biological functions in humans and animals. Presence of vitamin A receptors on immune system cells emphasizes their role in immune functions. To assess the effects of in ovo inoculation of vitamin A on the immune system of chicken embryos, 18 days old embryonated eggs were inoculated with 3 different concentrations of retinoic acid (the active form of vitamin A) at 30, 90, and 270 μmol/egg via the amniotic sac. After 6, 18, and 24 h, the spleen and bursa of the embryos were collected for RNA extraction and real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results were dose dependant. After 24 h, inoculation with 270 μmol/egg downregulated relative expression of interferon IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, CXCLi2, IL-12, and IL-13 compared to control in the spleen, indicating an anti-inflammatory effect at this concentration. In comparison, 90 μmol/egg induced greater expressions of the above genes at the same timepoint compared to the 270 μmol. The results of this study indicate that in ovo inoculation of vitamin A can modulate immune functions of the chicken embryo, which might be beneficial for induction of immune responses by in ovo vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Shojadoost
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Mohammadali Alizadeh
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Khaled Taha-Abdelaziz
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Janan Shoja Doost
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Jake Astill
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
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Xue L, Wang D, Zhang D, Ju A, Duan A, Xing J, Qin Y, Yang S, Luan W. The immune adjuvant effect of Astragalus polysaccharide on in ovo injection of Newcastle disease vaccine. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 104:1719-1726. [PMID: 32557888 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, immunogenic efficacies of in ovo administration of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) along with live Newcastle disease vaccine (live ND vaccine) (live VG/GA strain) were evaluated. Four hundred fertilized eggs were randomly divided into four groups (n = 100/group), and vaccinated in ovo, respectively, with solutions of APS, live ND vaccine, live ND vaccine combined with APS, and 0.9% physiological saline into their amniotic fluid on d 18.5 of incubation. Significant improvement of chicks' development was displayed in those vaccinated with live ND vaccine adjuvanted with APS in ovo, manifested as enhanced hatchability and gaining weight. Moreover, in ovo administration of live NDV vaccine plus APS could significantly enhance the serum anti-NDV antibody titres and interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4 and IL-6 concentrations, promote lymphocyte proliferative capability as well as improve the frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood. Overall results indicated in ovo administration of live ND vaccine adjuvanted with APS could stimulate stronger humoral and cellular responses in newly hatched chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligang Xue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,College of Life Science, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, China
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongxing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Anqi Ju
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Aoyi Duan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Junhong Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanjun Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Shubao Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Weimin Luan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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10
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Ashash U, Noach C, Perelman B, Costello C, Sansalone P, Brazil T, Raviv Z. In Ovo and Day of Hatch Application of a Live Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Vaccine to Commercial Broilers. Avian Dis 2020; 63:713-720. [PMID: 31865687 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-19-00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an economically important disease of young chickens caused by an Avibirnavirus, the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). The causative virus is highly resilient in poultry environments and vaccination is the most effective measure for IBDV control. However, both the suspected neutralization of highly attenuated strains by maternal antibodies and the assumed virulence of partly attenuated strains have limited the implementation of conventional live IBDV vaccine strains in pre- and posthatch chicks. Nevertheless, preliminary data have raised questions about the validity of this prevailing dogma. To investigate the possible application of a live IBDV intermediate plus vaccine strain, the IBDV MB-1, to maternally immunized chicken embryos and day-of-hatch chicks, four large-scale field trials have been conducted in distinct global locations. The four trials have measured the relative safety, IBDV immunization parameters, and production performances of MB-1 vs. the established live and immune complex IBDV vaccines in a variety of commercial broiler systems. The overall health and production performances in all four trials have been similar or better in the MB-1 groups. The results challenge the prevailing notion that live IBDV strains may be neutralized or break through maternal immunity and induce permanent damage to the young broiler chick's immune response. A delayed replication phenomenon following parenteral administration of the live IBDV vaccine strain has been observed, while the delayed replication mechanism remains to be elucidated. This study's findings warrant further investigation of conventional live IBDV vaccine strains as an alternative for pre- and posthatch broilers active immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udi Ashash
- Phibro Animal Health Corporation, 2 Ha'Negev St., Airport City, 7010000 Israel
| | - Caroline Noach
- Phibro Animal Health Corporation, 2 Ha'Negev St., Airport City, 7010000 Israel
| | - Beny Perelman
- Phibro Animal Health Corporation, 2 Ha'Negev St., Airport City, 7010000 Israel
| | - Charles Costello
- Phibro Animal Health Corporation, 2 Ha'Negev St., Airport City, 7010000 Israel
| | - Pablo Sansalone
- Phibro Animal Health Corporation, 2 Ha'Negev St., Airport City, 7010000 Israel
| | - Thiago Brazil
- Phibro Animal Health Corporation, 2 Ha'Negev St., Airport City, 7010000 Israel
| | - Ziv Raviv
- ZER Veterinary Consulting, Ltd., Yehuda Hanasi 79, Herzelia, 4600826 Israel,
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Orakpoghenor O, Oladele SB, Abdu PA. Infectious Bursal Disease: Transmission, Pathogenesis, Pathology and Control - An Overview. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2020.1716652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sunday B. Oladele
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Paul A. Abdu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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12
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Vandeputte J, Martel A, Van Rysselberghe N, Antonissen G, Verlinden M, De Zutter L, Heyndrickx M, Haesebrouck F, Pasmans F, Garmyn A. In ovo vaccination of broilers against Campylobacter jejuni using a bacterin and subunit vaccine. Poult Sci 2020; 98:5999-6004. [PMID: 31265725 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli originating from poultry meat have been the most important causes of foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis in the European Union since 2005. In-feed application of maternal antibodies from vaccinated hens was shown to confer protection of broilers against Campylobacter infection. Here, it was investigated if these vaccines can be used to protect broilers against Campylobacter infection after in ovo vaccination. Embryos were immunized in ovo at day 18 with a bacterin or a subunit vaccine and at 19 D post hatch, these birds were inoculated with C. jejuni according to a seeder model. Quantification of C. jejuni in the broilers cecal content showed that the in ovo vaccinated birds were not protected against C. jejuni infection. Quantification of blood anti-Campylobacter antibody titers did not show any induction of Campylobacter-specific serological response in the vaccinated birds, which may explain the lack of protection in the vaccinated chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmien Vandeputte
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - An Martel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Van Rysselberghe
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Gunther Antonissen
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Marc Verlinden
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lieven De Zutter
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Marc Heyndrickx
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.,Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Technology & Food Sciences Unit, B9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Frank Pasmans
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - An Garmyn
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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Saeed M, Babazadeh D, Naveed M, Alagawany M, Abd El-Hack ME, Arain MA, Tiwari R, Sachan S, Karthik K, Dhama K, Elnesr SS, Chao S. In ovo delivery of various biological supplements, vaccines and drugs in poultry: current knowledge. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:3727-3739. [PMID: 30637739 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The technique of delivering various nutrients, supplements, immunostimulants, vaccines, and drugs via the in ovo route is gaining wide attention among researchers worldwide for boosting production performance, immunity and safeguarding the health of poultry. It involves direct administration of the nutrients and biologics into poultry eggs during the incubation period and before the chicks hatch out. In ovo delivery of nutrients has been found to be more effective than post-hatch administration in poultry production. The supplementation of feed additives, nutrients, hormones, probiotics, prebiotics, or their combination via in ovo techniques has shown diverse advantages for poultry products, such as improved growth performance and feed conversion efficiency, optimum development of the gastrointestinal tract, enhancing carcass yield, decreased embryo mortality, and enhanced immunity of poultry. In ovo delivery of vaccination has yielded a better response against various poultry pathogens than vaccination after hatch. So, this review has aimed to provide an insight on in ovo technology and its potential applications in poultry production to deliver different nutrients, supplements, beneficial microbes, vaccines, and drugs directly into the developing embryo to achieve an improvement in post-hatch growth, immunity, and health of poultry. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saeed
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, PR China
- Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, The Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Muhammad A Arain
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Pakistan
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India
| | - Swati Sachan
- Immunology Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Shaaban S Elnesr
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Production, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Sun Chao
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, PR China
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14
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Peebles ED. In ovo applications in poultry: A review,. Poult Sci 2018; 97:2322-2338. [PMID: 29617899 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The various methods employed for the in ovo administration of different materials for promoting the health and productivity of poultry are discussed in this review article. The amnion has proven to be an effective site for injection and the timing of in ovo injection has commonly occurred at transfer. However, the volumes and dosages or concentrations of the materials administered vary depending on bird type, egg size, timing and site of injection, incubation system and regimen, and the type of material. Both manual and automated injections have been shown to be effective. Nevertheless, commercial application mandates automation. Materials described in the literature over the past 20 years or more for in ovo use in avian species include vaccines, drugs, hormones, competitive exclusion cultures and prebiotics, and supplemental nutrients. Vaccines approved for in ovo delivery include those for Marek's disease, infectious bursal disease, fowl pox, Newcastle disease, and coccidiosis. Some of the materials listed above have been shown to be viable candidates for enhancing immunity and for promoting embryonic and posthatch development. Several reports have indicated that probiotics may be effectively used to fight intestinal bacterial infections, and folic aid, as well as egg white protein and various amino acids, including L-arginine, L-lysine, L-histidine, HMB, and threonine alone or in combination, have been shown to benefit embryonic development or posthatch performance. Furthermore, CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, vitamins C and E, and thyme and savory have the potential to enhance immunity, carbohydrates can be used to increase tissue glycogen stores, and creatine can be used to promote muscle growth. Trace minerals and vitamin D3 have shown potential to improve bone strength, and potassium chloride may be an effective alternative electrolyte in vaccine diluent. The in ovo application of these and other materials will continue to expand and provide further benefits to the poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Peebles
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762
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15
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Abdul-Cader MS, Palomino-Tapia V, Amarasinghe A, Ahmed-Hassan H, De Silva Senapathi U, Abdul-Careem MF. Hatchery Vaccination Against Poultry Viral Diseases: Potential Mechanisms and Limitations. Viral Immunol 2017; 31:23-33. [PMID: 28714781 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2017.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Commercial broiler and layer chickens are heavily vaccinated against economically important viral diseases with a view of preventing morbidity, mortality, and production impacts encountered during short production cycles. Hatchery vaccination is performed through in ovo embryo vaccination prehatch or spray and subcutaneous vaccinations performed at the day of hatch before the day-old chickens are being placed in barns with potentially contaminated environments. Commercially, multiple vaccines (e.g., live, live attenuated, and viral vectored vaccines) are available to administer through these routes within a short period (embryo day 18 prehatch to day 1 posthatch). Although the ability to mount immune response, especially the adaptive immune response, is not optimal around the hatch, it is possible that the efficacy of these vaccines depends partly on innate host responses elicited in response to replicating vaccine viruses. This review focuses on the current knowledge of hatchery vaccination in poultry and potential mechanisms of hatchery vaccine-mediated protective responses and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Sarjoon Abdul-Cader
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, University of Calgary , Calgary, Canada
| | - Victor Palomino-Tapia
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, University of Calgary , Calgary, Canada
| | - Aruna Amarasinghe
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, University of Calgary , Calgary, Canada
| | - Hanaa Ahmed-Hassan
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, University of Calgary , Calgary, Canada
| | - Upasama De Silva Senapathi
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, University of Calgary , Calgary, Canada
| | - Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, University of Calgary , Calgary, Canada
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16
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Wen YM, Mu L, Shi Y. Immunoregulatory functions of immune complexes in vaccine and therapy. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 8:1120-1133. [PMID: 27572622 PMCID: PMC5048363 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201606593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and experimental preparations of IgG/soluble antigen complexes, as well as those formed following antibody therapy in vivo, are multifaceted immune regulators. These immune complexes (ICs) have been tested in humans and animal models, mostly in forms of experimental or clinical vaccination, for at least a century. With intensified research on Fcγ receptor-mediated immune modulation, as well as with immune complex-directed antigen processing, presentation, and inflammatory responses, there are renewed interests of using ICs in vaccines and immunotherapies. Currently, IC-based immune therapy has been broadly experimented in HBV and HIV viral infection control and antitumor treatments. However, mechanistic insights of IC-based treatments are relatively recent subjects of study; strong efforts are needed to establish links to connect laboratory findings with clinical practices. This review covers the history, mechanisms, and in vivo outcomes of this safe and effective therapeutic tool, with a clear aim to bridge laboratory findings with evolving clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mei Wen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Virology, MOE/MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences Shanghai Medical College Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Libing Mu
- Center for Life Sciences, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Immunology Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Center for Life Sciences, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Immunology Tsinghua University, Beijing, China Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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17
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Ingrao F, Rauw F, Lambrecht B, van den Berg T. Infectious Bursal Disease: a complex host-pathogen interaction. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 41:429-38. [PMID: 23567344 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) is caused by a small, non-enveloped virus, highly resistant in the outside environment. Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) targets the chicken's immune system in a very comprehensive and complex manner by destroying B lymphocytes, attracting T cells and activating macrophages. As an RNA virus, IBDV has a high mutation rate and may thus give rise to viruses with a modified antigenicity or increased virulence, as emphasized during the last decades. The molecular basis of pathogenicity and the exact cause of clinical disease and death are still poorly understood, as it is not clearly related to the severity of the lesions and the extent of the bursal damage. Recent works however, pointed out the role of an exacerbated innate immune response during the early stage of the infection with upregulated production of promediators that will induce a cytokine storm. In the case of IBDV, immunosuppression is both a direct consequence of the infection of specific target immune cells and an indirect consequence of the interactions occurring in the immune network of the host. Recovery from disease or subclinical infection will be followed by immunosuppression with more serious consequences if the strain is very virulent and infection occurs early in life. Although the immunosuppression caused by IBDV is principally directed towards B-lymphocytes, an effect on cell-mediated immunity (CMI) has also been demonstrated therefore increasing the impact of IBDV on the immunocompetence of the chicken. In addition to its zootechnical impact and its role in the development of secondary infections, it may affect the immune response of the chicken to subsequent vaccinations, essential in all types of intensive farming. Recent progress in the field of avian immunology has allowed a better knowledge of the immunological mechanisms involved in the disease but also should give improved tools for the measurement of immunosuppression in the field situation. Although satisfactory protection may be provided by the induction of high neutralizing antibody titres, interference from parental antibodies with vaccination has become the most important obstacle in the establishment of control programs. In this context, recombinant HVT and immune complex vaccines show promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Ingrao
- Avian Virology & Immunology Unit, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Brussels, Belgium
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18
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Müller H, Mundt E, Eterradossi N, Islam MR. Current status of vaccines against infectious bursal disease. Avian Pathol 2012; 41:133-9. [PMID: 22515532 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2012.661403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is the aetiological agent of the acute and highly contagious infectious bursal disease (IBD) or "Gumboro disease". IBD is one of the economically most important diseases that affects commercially produced chickens worldwide. Along with strict hygiene management of poultry farms, vaccination programmes with inactivated and live attenuated viruses have been used to prevent IBD. Live vaccines show a different degree of attenuation; many of them may cause bursal atrophy and thus immunosuppression with poor immune response to vaccination against other pathogens and an increase in vulnerability to various types of infections as possible consequences. Depending on their intrinsic characteristics or on the vaccination procedures, some of the vaccines may not induce full protection against the very virulent IBDV strains and antigenic variants observed in the last three decades. As chickens are most susceptible to IBDV in their first weeks of life, active immunity to the virus has to be induced early after hatching. However, maternally derived IBDV-specific antibodies may interfere with early vaccination with live vaccines. Thus new technologies and second-generation vaccines including rationally designed and subunit vaccines have been developed. Recently, live viral vector vaccines have been licensed in several countries and are reaching the market. Here, the current status of IBD vaccines is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Müller
- Institute for Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 29, Leipzig, Germany.
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19
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Michell BC, Gomes AD, Baião NC, Resende M, Lara LJC, Martins NRS. Effect of maternally-derived antibodies on the performance and immunity of broilers induced by in ovo or post-hatching immunizations with a live vaccine against infectious bursal disease. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-635x2009000100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Rautenschlein S, Kraemer C, Montiel E, Vanmarcke J, Haase C. Bilateral effects of vaccination against infectious bursal disease and Newcastle disease in specific-pathogen-free layers and commercial broiler chickens. Avian Dis 2007; 51:14-20. [PMID: 17461261 DOI: 10.1637/0005-2086(2007)051[0014:beovai]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Different infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) live vaccines (intermediate, intermediate plus) were compared for their immunosuppressive abilities in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) layer-type chickens or commercial broilers. The Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccination model was applied to determine not only IBDV-induced immunosuppression but also bilateral effects between IBDV and NDV. None of the IBDV vaccines abrogated NDV vaccine-induced protection. All NDV-vaccinated SPF layers and broilers were protected against NDV challenge independent of circulating NDV antibody levels. Sustained suppression of NDV antibody development was observed in SPF layers, which had received the intermediate plus IBDV vaccine. We observed a temporary suppression of NDV antibody development in broilers vaccinated with one of the intermediate, as well as the intermediate plus, IBDV vaccines. Different genetic backgrounds, ages, and residual maternal antibodies might have influenced the pathogenesis of IBDV in the different types of chickens. Temporary suppression of NDV antibody response in broilers was only seen if the NDV vaccine was administered before and not, as it was speculated previously, at the time the peak of IBDV-induced bursa lesions was detected. For the first time, we have demonstrated that the NDV vaccine had an interfering effect with the pathogenesis of the intermediate as well as the intermediate plus IBDV vaccine. NDV vaccination enhanced the incidence of IBDV bursa lesions and IBDV antibody development. This observation indicates that this bilateral effect of an IBDV and NDV vaccination should be considered in the field and could have consequences for the performance of broiler flocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Rautenschlein
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Büinteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
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21
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Rautenschlein S, Haase C. Differences in the immunopathogenesis of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) following in ovo and post-hatch vaccination of chickens. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2005; 106:139-50. [PMID: 15911001 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2005.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2004] [Revised: 01/19/2005] [Accepted: 02/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Not much is known about IBDV-pathogenesis and immune mechanisms following in ovo vaccination. In this study, we compared the immunopathogenesis of an intermediate IBDV-vaccine in post-hatch- and in ovo-inoculated chickens. In ovo-vaccinated birds recovered significantly faster from lesions of the bursa of Fabricius than post-hatch vaccinated (P<0.05). A significant accumulation of intrabursal CD8(+) T cells was observed in post-hatch but not in in ovo-vaccinated chickens (P<0.05). The innate immunity was comparable between in ovo- and post-hatch-vaccinated groups as indicated by comparable intrabursal macrophage accumulation and intrabursal IBDV-clearance. Overall, our observations indicate that IBDV in ovo vaccination may be advantageous over post-hatch. In ovo-vaccinated birds recover faster from bursa lesions and exhibit similar protection against challenge in comparison to post-hatch vaccinated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Rautenschlein
- Clinic for Poultry, School of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
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22
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Li C, Wang L, Chou C. Field Evaluation of Flock Production Performance of In ovo Injection of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Immune Complex Vaccine in Commercial Broiler Farms. J APPL POULTRY RES 2005. [DOI: 10.1093/japr/14.2.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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23
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McCarty J, Brown T, Giambrone J. Delay of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Infection by In Ovo Vaccination of Antibody-Positive Chicken Eggs. J APPL POULTRY RES 2005. [DOI: 10.1093/japr/14.1.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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