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Teng HD, Tan CY, He YN, Cai XH, Chen G. Search for Snail Repellents: Antimollusc Activities from Stemona parviflora and Six Other Chinese Stemona Species. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:6203-6212. [PMID: 38483144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Snails are important agricultural pests difficult to control, but data regarding molluscicidal assays are scant. Stemona alkaloids are typical secondary metabolites for the taxa and have been broadly investigated for their pharmacological and toxicological effects. This makes it possible for us to further develop the toxicities of these compounds to snails. In this work, we tested the antifeedant properties of leaves from seven Chinese Stemona species against the land snail species Bradybaena ravida in choice and non-choice feeding assays. The tested leaves Stemona parviflora exhibited the most deterrent effects, and a further phytochemical investigation of aerial parts led to the identification of 16 alkaloids. Among them, three novel alkaloids could be identified. The alkaloidal fraction and single alkaloids were further assayed against this snail species, and the results suggest a cocktail effect because the impact of the alkaloidal fraction was higher than the effects caused by single alkaloids. The study can promote the search process of natural antimollusc products from plants to control snails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Dan Teng
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations, CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Yong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ni He
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Hai Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Gao Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations, CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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Jie H, He P, Zhao L, Ma Y, Jie Y. Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Phenylpropanoid Metabolism in Exogenously-Sprayed Ethylene Forage Ramie Based on Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3899. [PMID: 38005796 PMCID: PMC10675582 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Ramie (Boehmeria nivea [L.] Gaud.), a nutritious animal feed, is rich in protein and produces a variety of secondary metabolites that increase its palatability and functional composition. Ethylene (ETH) is an important plant hormone that regulates the growth and development of various crops. In this study, we investigated the impact of ETH sprays on the growth and metabolism of forage ramie. We explored the mechanism of ETH regulation on the growth and secondary metabolites of forage ramie using transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. Spraying ramie with ETH elevated the contents of flavonoids and chlorogenic acid and decreased the lignin content in the leaves and stems. A total of 1076 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 51 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) were identified in the leaves, and 344 DEGs and 55 DEMs were identified in the stems. The DEGs that affect phenylpropanoid metabolism, including BGLU41, LCT, PER63, PER42, PER12, PER10, POD, BAHD1, SHT, and At4g26220 were significantly upregulated in the leaves. Ethylene sprays downregulated tyrosine and chlorogenic acid (3-O-caffeoylquinic acid) in the leaves, but lignin biosynthesis HCT genes, including ACT, BAHD1, and SHT, were up- and downregulated. These changes in expression may ultimately reduce lignin biosynthesis. In addition, the upregulation of caffeoyl CoA-O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT) may have increased the abundance of its flavonoids. Ethylene significantly downregulated metabolites, affecting phenylpropanoid metabolism in the stems. The differential 4CL and HCT metabolites were downregulated, namely, phenylalanine and tyrosine. Additionally, ETH upregulated 2-hydroxycinnamic acid and the cinnamyl hydroxyl derivatives (caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid). Cinnamic acid is a crucial intermediate in the shikimic acid pathway, which serves as a precursor for the biosynthesis of flavonoids and lignin. The ETH-decreased gene expression and metabolite alteration reduced the lignin levels in the stem. Moreover, the HCT downregulation may explain the inhibited lignin biosynthesis to promote flavonoid biosynthesis. In conclusion, external ETH application can effectively reduce lignin contents and increase the secondary metabolites of ramie without affecting its growth and development. These results provide candidate genes for improving ramie and offer theoretical and practical guidance for cultivating ramie for forage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongdong Jie
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.J.); (P.H.); (L.Z.); (Y.M.)
| | - Pengliang He
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.J.); (P.H.); (L.Z.); (Y.M.)
| | - Long Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.J.); (P.H.); (L.Z.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yushen Ma
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.J.); (P.H.); (L.Z.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yucheng Jie
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.J.); (P.H.); (L.Z.); (Y.M.)
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Grass Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Changsha 410128, China
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3
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Gao Y, Cheng TT, Zhang CX, Yan Y, Zhang L, Liu QZ, Liu Y, Qiao Q. Analysis of leaf forage value and screening of different populations of Pteroceltis tatarinowii, a rare and endemic species in China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1164451. [PMID: 37457345 PMCID: PMC10348418 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1164451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
To fully exploit the economic value of the Chinese endemic species Pteroceltis tatarinowii and provide new resources for forage production, the forage nutritional value of P. tatarinowii leaves from different populations was analyzed and evaluated. The results were as follows: 1) There were significant differences in the forage nutrient indices of leaves from different populations. The crude protein content was 10.77%-18.65%, with an average of 14.58%, and the SDJN population had the highest crude protein content. The average crude fat, crude fiber content was 7.62%; the average neutral detergent fiber content was 25.33%; and the average acid detergent fiber contents were 6.79%, 7.62%, 25.33%, and 17.52%, respectively. The average phosphorus and calcium content in the leaves was 0.785 g·kg-1 and 58.01 g·kg-1, respectively. The tannin content was much lower than the antifeedant standard, at an average of 4.97 g·kg-1. The average total amounts of hydrolyzed and free amino acids in the leaves were 108.20 mg·g-1 and 47.87 mg·g-1, respectively. Thus, P. tatarinowii leaves have high crude protein, crude fat, and calcium contents, and low fiber, tannin contents, and are protein-rich. These results provide evidence that this species can be developed into an excellent woody forage tree. 2) There were significant differences in the forage quality evaluation indices among the populations. The forage indices of NDP, ADP, DMI, DDM, and RFV of 21 populations all met the super standard of the American Grass and Grassland Association (AFGC) for hay, two crude protein indices met the grade 1 standard, and 12 crude protein indices met the grade 2 standard. Four high-protein and high-RFV forage populations (SDJN, SDZZ, SXLQ, and AHXX) were selected. 3) The results of the correlation analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between the forage characteristics of P. tatarinowii leaves and latitude and longitude, indicating no significant geographical variation. However, the forage characteristics were strongly correlated with elevation, average annual temperature, and annual precipitation. Thus, high elevation, low temperatures, and rainy weather can improve the forage value of the leaves. P. tatarinowii can be planted to provide leaf forage in cold and wet areas at a specific elevation. Moreover, the forage value of P. tatarinowii leaves can be further improved by increasing nitrogen fertilizer and reducing K and Ca fertilizers during cultivation. 4) Cluster analysis revealed obvious regionalism. Taking the Yangtze River Basin as the limit, cluster analysis divided the species into four population groups: the Yangtze River Basin and northern, southwestern, and eastern coastal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai′an, China
| | - Tian-Tian Cheng
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai′an, China
- Taishan Forestry Science Institute, Tai′an, China
| | | | - Yu Yan
- Taishan Forestry Science Institute, Tai′an, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Taishan Forestry Science Institute, Tai′an, China
| | - Qing-Zhong Liu
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai′an, China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Qiao
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai′an, China
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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4
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Romero P, Huang R, Jiménez E, Palma-Hidalgo JM, Ungerfeld EM, Popova M, Morgavi DP, Belanche A, Yáñez-Ruiz DR. Evaluating the effect of phenolic compounds as hydrogen acceptors when ruminal methanogenesis is inhibited in vitro – Part 2. Dairy goats. Animal 2023; 17:100789. [PMID: 37087998 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Most mitigation strategies to reduce enteric methane (CH4) production in the rumen induce an excess of rumen dihydrogen (H2) that is expelled and consequently not redirected to the synthesis of metabolites that can be utilised by the ruminant. We hypothesised that phenolic compounds can be potential H2 acceptors when added to the diet, as they can be degraded to compounds that may be beneficial for the animal, using part of the H2 available when ruminal methanogenesis is inhibited. We performed four in vitro incubation experiments using rumen inoculum from Murciano-Granadina adult goats: Experiment 1 examined the inhibitory potential of Asparagopsis taxiformis (AT) at different concentrations (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% of the substrate on a DM basis) in 24 h incubations; Experiment 2 investigated the effect of a wide range of phenolic compounds (phenol, catechol, resorcinol, hydroquinone, pyrogallol, phloroglucinol, gallic acid and formic acid) at different doses (0, 2, 4, and 6 mM) on rumen fermentation for 24 h; Experiment 3 evaluated the combined effect of each phenolic compound at 6 mM with AT at 2% DM in sequential batch cultures for 5 days; and Experiment 4 examined the dose-response effect of phloroglucinol at different concentrations (0, 6, 16, 26 and 36 mM) combined with AT in sequential batch cultures for 5 days. Results from Experiment 1 confirmed that AT at 2% DM substantially inhibited CH4 production while significantly increasing H2 accumulation and decreasing the acetate:propionate ratio. Results from Experiment 2 showed that phenolic compounds did not negatively affect rumen fermentation at any dose. In Experiment 3, each phenolic compound at 6 mM combined with AT at 2% DM inhibited CH4 production. Phloroglucinol numerically decreased H2 accumulation and significantly increased total gas production (TGP), volatile fatty acid (VFA) production and the acetate:propionate ratio. In Experiment 4, phloroglucinol at increasing doses supplemented with AT at 2% DM significantly decreased H2 accumulation and the abundances of archaea, protozoa and fungi abundances, and increased TGP, total VFA production and the acetate:propionate ratio in a dose-dependent way. In conclusion, combined treatment with AT and phloroglucinol was successful to mitigate CH4 production while preventing the accumulation of H2, leading to an increase in acetate and total VFA production and therefore an improvement in rumen fermentation in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Romero
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - R Huang
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - E Jiménez
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - J M Palma-Hidalgo
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - E M Ungerfeld
- Centro Regional de Investigación Carillanca, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIA, Temuco 4880000, Chile
| | - M Popova
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - D P Morgavi
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - A Belanche
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain; Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - D R Yáñez-Ruiz
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain.
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Huang R, Romero P, Belanche A, Ungerfeld E, Yanez-Ruiz D, Morgavi D, Popova M. Evaluating the effect of phenolic compounds as hydrogen acceptors when ruminal methanogenesis is inhibited in vitro – Part 1. Dairy cows. Animal 2023; 17:100788. [PMID: 37087996 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Some antimethanogenic feed additives for ruminants promote rumen dihydrogen (H2) accumulation potentially affecting the optimal fermentation of diets. We hypothesised that combining an H2 acceptor with a methanogenesis inhibitor can decrease rumen H2 build-up and improve the production of metabolites that can be useful for the host ruminant. We performed three in vitro incubation experiments using rumen fluid from lactating Holstein cows: Experiment 1 examined the effect of phenolic compounds (phenol, catechol, resorcinol, hydroquinone, pyrogallol, phloroglucinol, and gallic acid) at 0, 2, 4, and 6 mM on ruminal fermentation for 24 h; Experiment 2 examined the combined effect of each phenolic compound from Experiment 1 at 6 mM with two different methanogenesis inhibitors (Asparagopsis taxiformis or 2-bromoethanesulfonate (BES)) for 24 h incubation; Experiment 3 examined the effect of a selected phenolic compound, phloroglucinol, with or without BES over a longer term using sequential incubations for seven days. Results from Experiment 1 showed that phenolic compounds, independently of the dose, did not negatively affect rumen fermentation, whereas results from Experiment 2 showed that phenolic compounds did not decrease H2 accumulation or modify CH4 production when methanogenesis was decreased by up to 75% by inhibitors. In Experiment 3, after three sequential incubations, phloroglucinol combined with BES decreased H2 accumulation by 72% and further inhibited CH4 production, compared to BES alone. Interestingly, supplementation with phloroglucinol (alone or in combination with the CH4 inhibitor) decreased CH4 production by 99% and the abundance of methanogenic archaea, with just a nominal increase in H2 accumulation. Supplementation of phloroglucinol also increased total volatile fatty acid (VFA), acetate, butyrate, and total gas production, and decreased ammonia concentration. This study indicates that some phenolic compounds, particularly phloroglucinol, which are naturally found in plants, could improve VFA production, decrease H2 accumulation and synergistically decrease CH4 production in the presence of antimethanogenic compounds.
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Bounaceur F, Benamor N, Bissaad FZ, Lasgaa F, Baghadid S, Rezigua F, Aulagnier S. Feeding ecology of the vulnerable aoudad (
Ammotragus lervia
) in north‐western Sahara. Afr J Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farid Bounaceur
- Equipe de recherche Biologie de la conservation en zones arides et semi‐arides, Laboratoire Agronomie Environnement, Faculté des Sciences et de Technologie, Département des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie Université de Tissemesilt Tissemesilt Algeria
| | - Naceur Benamor
- Département des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie Université Ibn Khaldoun Tiaret Algeria
| | - Fatima Zohra Bissaad
- Département des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie Université M'hamed Bouguerra Boumerdes Algeria
| | - Faten Lasgaa
- Département des Sciences Naturelles École Normale Supérieure de Kouba Alger Algeria
| | - Sabah Baghadid
- Département des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie Université Ibn Khaldoun Tiaret Algeria
| | - Faiza Rezigua
- Département des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie Université Ibn Khaldoun Tiaret Algeria
| | - Stéphane Aulagnier
- Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage I.N.R.A., Université de Toulouse Castanet‐Tolosan Cedex France
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7
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Cook RC, Shipley LA, Cook JG, Camp MJ, Monzingo DS, Robatcek SL, Berry SL, Hull IT, Myers WL, Denryter K, Long RA. Sequential detergent fiber assay results used for nutritional ecology research: Evidence of bias since 2012. WILDLIFE SOC B 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.1348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C. Cook
- National Council of Air and Stream Improvement 1401 Gekeler Lane La Grande OR 97850 USA
| | - Lisa A. Shipley
- 1229 Webster Hall, School of the Environment Washington State University Pullman WA 99164‐2812 USA
| | - John G. Cook
- National Council of Air and Stream Improvement 1401 Gekeler Lane La Grande OR 97850 USA
| | - Meghan J. Camp
- Washington State University Vogel Plant Biosciences 136, School of the Environment, Pullman, WA 99164‐2812; Cramer Fish Sciences 1125 12th Ave. NW, Suite B‐1 Issaquah WA 98027 USA
| | - Deborah S. Monzingo
- 1229 Webster Hall, School of the Environment Washington State University Pullman WA 99164‐2812 USA
| | | | | | - Iver T. Hull
- 1229 Webster Hall, School of the Environment Washington State University Pullman WA 99164‐2812 USA
| | - Woodrow L. Myers
- Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife 2315 N Discovery Place Spokane Valley WA 99216 USA
| | - Kristin Denryter
- California Department of Fish and Wildlife 1010 Riverside Parkway West Sacramento CA 95605 USA
| | - Ryan A. Long
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences University of Idaho Moscow ID 83844 USA
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8
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Daskin JH, Becker JA, Kartzinel TR, Potter AB, Walker RH, Eriksson FAA, Buoncore C, Getraer A, Long RA, Pringle RM. Allometry of behavior and niche differentiation among congeneric African antelopes. ECOL MONOGR 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua H. Daskin
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Princeton University Princeton NJ USA
- Archbold Biological Station Venus FL USA
| | - Justine A. Becker
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Princeton University Princeton NJ USA
- Department of Zoology & Physiology University of Wyoming Laramie WY USA
| | - Tyler R. Kartzinel
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Brown University Providence RI USA
| | - Arjun B. Potter
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Princeton University Princeton NJ USA
| | - Reena H. Walker
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences University of Idaho Moscow ID USA
| | | | - Courtney Buoncore
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Princeton University Princeton NJ USA
| | - Alexander Getraer
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Princeton University Princeton NJ USA
| | - Ryan A. Long
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences University of Idaho Moscow ID USA
| | - Robert M. Pringle
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Princeton University Princeton NJ USA
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9
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Snobl LA, Proffitt KM, Millspaugh JJ. Wildfire extends the shelf life of elk nutritional resources regardless of fire severity. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. Snobl
- Wildlife Biology Program University of Montana Missoula Montana USA
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10
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Leffler AJ, Becker HA, Kelsey KC, Spalinger DA, Welker JM. Short‐term effects of summer warming on caribou forage quality are mitigated by long‐term warming. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Joshua Leffler
- Department of Natural Resource Management South Dakota State University Brookings South Dakota USA
| | - Heidi A. Becker
- Department of Natural Resource Management South Dakota State University Brookings South Dakota USA
| | - Katharine C. Kelsey
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science University of Colorado‐Denver Denver Colorado USA
| | - Donald A. Spalinger
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Alaska‐Anchorage Anchorage Alaska USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Welker
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Alaska‐Anchorage Anchorage Alaska USA
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit and UArctic University of Oulu Oulu Finland
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11
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Monzingo DS, Shipley LA, Cook RC, Cook JG. Factors influencing predictions of understory vegetation biomass from visual cover estimates. WILDLIFE SOC B 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.1300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah S. Monzingo
- Washington State University, 1229 Webster Hall, School of the Environment Pullman WA 99164‐2812 USA
| | - Lisa A. Shipley
- Washington State University, 1229 Webster Hall, School of the Environment Pullman WA 99164‐2812 USA
| | - Rachel C. Cook
- National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, 1401 Gekeler Lane La Grande OR 97850 USA
| | - John G. Cook
- National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, 1401 Gekeler Lane La Grande OR 97850 USA
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12
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Chowdhury MR, Chanda S, Shipa A, Saiyara T, Chowdhury ZJ, Khan MMH. Effect of heat-treated green tea waste feeding on fermentation kinetics, in vitro degradability, in vivo apparent digestibility, nitrogen balance, and blood metabolites in Black Bengal goat. Anim Sci J 2022; 93:e13704. [PMID: 35297134 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The study was conducted to examine the effect of heat treatment of green tea waste (GTW) on rumen degradability, apparent digestibility, and plasma metabolites in Black Bengal goat based on in vitro and in vivo studies. The in vitro incubation was performed with autoclaved, oven, and freeze-dried GTW, whereas animal study was conducted using 12 Black-Bengal goats in a 3 × 3 Latin-square design. Goats were fed a total-mixed-ration without (control) or with the partial replacement of soybean meal and barley with 50 g/kg dry matter (DM) of either oven-dried or autoclaved GTW. Heat treatments reduced ether extract and tannins concentration but increased the effective DM and crude protein (CP) degradability of GTW. The highest values of in vitro volatile fatty acid concentration, molar proportion of propionate, ammonia-nitrogen concentration, and cumulative gas production were observed for oven-dried GTW among the tested GTW. Dietary treatment did not alter the DM intake, but apparent CP digestibility and retained nitrogen (N) were increased in goats fed control or oven-dried GTW incorporated diets. Feeding autoclaved GTW diet increased the urinary and fecal N excretion in goats. In contrast, plasma glucose concentration was highest in goats fed control or oven-dried GTW diet. In conclusion, oven drying could be a practical approach to increase protein digestibility and retained N in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuvashish Chanda
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Aklima Shipa
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Tasfia Saiyara
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
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13
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Hayes FP, Millspaugh JJ, Bergman EJ, Callaway RM, Bishop CJ. Effects of willow nutrition and morphology on calving success of moose. J Wildl Manage 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Forest P. Hayes
- Wildlife Biology Program University of Montana Missoula, MT 59812 USA
| | | | | | - Ragan M. Callaway
- Wildlife Biology Program University of Montana Missoula, MT 59812 USA
| | - Chad J. Bishop
- Wildlife Biology Program University of Montana Missoula, MT 59812 USA
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Denryter K, Cook RC, Cook JG, Parker KL. Animal‐defined resources reveal nutritional inadequacies for woodland caribou during summer–autumn. J Wildl Manage 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Denryter
- Natural Resources and Environmental Studies University of Northern British Columbia 3333 University Way Prince George V2N 4Z9 BC Canada
| | - Rachel C. Cook
- National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Forestry and Range Sciences Laboratory 1401 Gekeler Lane La Grande 97850 OR USA
| | - John G. Cook
- National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Forestry and Range Sciences Laboratory 1401 Gekeler Lane La Grande 97850 OR USA
| | - Katherine L. Parker
- Natural Resources and Environmental Studies University of Northern British Columbia 3333 University Way Prince George V2N 4Z9 BC Canada
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15
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Peterson CJ, DeCesare NJ, Hayes TA, Bishop CJ, Mitchell MS. Consequences of migratory strategy on habitat selection by mule deer. J Wildl Manage 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Collin J. Peterson
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Wildlife Biology Program University of Montana Missoula 59812 MT USA
| | - Nicholas J. DeCesare
- Montana Department of Fish Wildlife, and Parks 3201 Spurgin Road Missoula 59804 MT USA
| | - Teagan A. Hayes
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Wildlife Biology Program University of Montana Missoula 59812 MT USA
| | - Chad J. Bishop
- Wildlife Biology Program University of Montana Missoula 59812 MT USA
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Ehlers L, Coulombe G, Herriges J, Bentzen T, Suitor M, Joly K, Hebblewhite M. Critical summer foraging tradeoffs in a subarctic ungulate. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:17835-17872. [PMID: 35003643 PMCID: PMC8717276 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Summer diets are crucial for large herbivores in the subarctic and are affected by weather, harassment from insects and a variety of environmental changes linked to climate. Yet, understanding foraging behavior and diet of large herbivores is challenging in the subarctic because of their remote ranges. We used GPS video-camera collars to observe behaviors and summer diets of the migratory Fortymile Caribou Herd (Rangifer tarandus granti) across Alaska, USA and the Yukon, Canada. First, we characterized caribou behavior. Second, we tested if videos could be used to quantify changes in the probability of eating events. Third, we estimated summer diets at the finest taxonomic resolution possible through videos. Finally, we compared summer diet estimates from video collars to microhistological analysis of fecal pellets. We classified 18,134 videos from 30 female caribou over two summers (2018 and 2019). Caribou behaviors included eating (mean = 43.5%), ruminating (25.6%), travelling (14.0%), stationary awake (11.3%) and napping (5.1%). Eating was restricted by insect harassment. We classified forage(s) consumed in 5,549 videos where diet composition (monthly) highlighted a strong tradeoff between lichens and shrubs; shrubs dominated diets in June and July when lichen use declined. We identified 63 species, 70 genus and 33 family groups of summer forages from videos. After adjusting for digestibility, monthly estimates of diet composition were strongly correlated at the scale of the forage functional type (i.e., forage groups composed of forbs, graminoids, mosses, shrubs and lichens; r = 0.79, p < .01). Using video collars, we identified (1) a pronounced tradeoff in summer foraging between lichens and shrubs and (2) the costs of insect harassment on eating. Understanding caribou foraging ecology is needed to plan for their long-term conservation across the circumpolar north, and video collars can provide a powerful approach across remote regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libby Ehlers
- Wildlife Biology Program Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences University of Montana Missoula Montana USA
| | - Gabrielle Coulombe
- Wildlife Biology Program Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences University of Montana Missoula Montana USA
| | | | | | | | - Kyle Joly
- National Park Service Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve Fairbanks Alaska USA
| | - Mark Hebblewhite
- Wildlife Biology Program Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences University of Montana Missoula Montana USA
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17
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Staudenmaier AR, Shipley LA, Camp MJ, Forbey JS, Hagerman AE, Brandt AE, Thornton DH. Mule deer do more with less: comparing their nutritional requirements and tolerances with white-tailed deer. J Mammal 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyab116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Congeneric species often share ecological niche space resulting in competitive interactions that either limit co-occurrence or lead to niche partitioning. Differences in fundamental nutritional niches mediated through character displacement or isolation during evolution are potential mechanisms that could explain overlapping distribution patterns of congenerics. We directly compared nutritional requirements and tolerances that influence the fundamental niche of mule (Odocoileus hemionus) and white-tailed deer (O. virginianus), which occur in allopatry and sympatry in similar realized ecological niches across their ranges in North America. Digestible energy and protein requirements and tolerances for plant fiber and plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) of both deer species were quantified using in vivo digestion and intake tolerance trials with six diets ranging in content of fiber, protein, and PSMs using tractable deer raised under identical conditions in captivity. We found that compared with white-tailed deer, mule deer required 54% less digestible protein and 21% less digestible energy intake per day to maintain body mass and nitrogen balance. In addition, they had higher fiber, energy, and dry matter digestibility and produced glucuronic acid (a byproduct of PSM detoxification) at a slower rate when consuming the monoterpene α-pinene. The mule deers’ enhanced physiological abilities to cope with low-quality, chemically defended forages relative to white-tailed deer might minimize potential competitive interactions in shared landscapes and provide a modest advantage to mule deer in habitats dominated by low-quality forages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa A Shipley
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Meghan J Camp
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer S Forbey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Ann E Hagerman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Abigail E Brandt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Daniel H Thornton
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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18
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Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Fermented Pine Needle Extract on Productive Performance, Egg Quality, and Serum Lipid Parameters in Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051475. [PMID: 34065559 PMCID: PMC8161186 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the supplemental effects of fermented pine (Pinus densiflora) needle extract (FPNE) in laying hen diets on productive performance, egg quality, and serum lipid metabolites. A total of 108 40-week-old Hy-line brown laying hens were randomly assigned to one of the three dietary treatment groups: (1) basal diet + 0 mL FPNE/kg diet (CON), (2) basal diet + 2.5 mL FPNE/kg diet (T1), or (3) basal diet + 5 mL FPNE/kg diet (T2) for 6 weeks. Each group consisted of four replicates of nine hens each. Feed and water provided ad libitum. Results showed that dietary supplementation of FPNE increased egg production percentage (linear, p < 0.01 and quadratic, p < 0.05), egg mass (linear, p < 0.05), and feed intake (linear, p < 0.05) during the entire experimental period. In addition, dietary inclusion of FPNE significantly increased the eggshell color (linear, p < 0.01), egg yolk color (quadratic, p < 0.01), and eggshell breaking strength (linear, p < 0.05 and quadratic, p < 0.05) while the Haugh unit decreased (quadratic, p < 0.05). However, serum lipid profile did not differ among the dietary treatments (p > 0.05). Notably, antioxidant activity of egg yolk was improved by significantly decreasing the malondialdehyde content in egg yolks after 6 weeks of storage (linear, p < 0.001 and quadratic, p < 0.05). In summary, dietary inclusion of FPNE could improve laying performance and the antioxidant capacity of eggs.
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Sonter S, Mishra S, Dwivedi MK, Singh PK. Chemical profiling, in vitro antioxidant, membrane stabilizing and antimicrobial properties of wild growing Murraya paniculata from Amarkantak (M.P.). Sci Rep 2021; 11:9691. [PMID: 33963198 PMCID: PMC8105327 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87404-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The excessive usage of antibiotics in humans and veterinary medicine has lead to the emergence of antibiotic resistance and now requires the use of novel antibiotics. There has been increased interest towards plants as source of drugs because of their pharmacological potency and long traditional usage. The aim of the current study was to evaluate bioactive components, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of the leaf extracts of Murraya paniculata, a plant traditionally used in Indian medicinal system. Evaluations were made for phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, membrane stabilizing, and antimicrobial activities. The methanol extract displayed the highest flavonoid and phenolic content, the acetone extract demonstrated considerable ABTS inhibitory activity (IC50value:555.18 ± 1.68 µg/mL) and the hexane extract exhibited highest H2O2 radical scavenging activity (IC50value: 509.84 ± 3.03 µg/mL). The aqueous extract displayed 19.4 ± 0.66% RBC hemolysis and 80.5 ± 0.66% protection caused by hypotonic solution at high concentration of the extract. The fractions of hexane extract revealed a higher zone of inhibition than crude extract. The major components found in the fractions were cyclohexane (40.11%) and 3-(6-Methoxy-3-methyl-2-benzofuranyl) Cyclohexanone (13.68%) as analyzed by GC-MS/MS technique. The current results validate the traditional use of the M. paniculata and warrant its potential in drug development programs in further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Sonter
- Department of Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Anuppur, Madhya Pradesh, 484887, India
| | - Shringika Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Anuppur, Madhya Pradesh, 484887, India
| | - Manish Kumar Dwivedi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Anuppur, Madhya Pradesh, 484887, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Anuppur, Madhya Pradesh, 484887, India.
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20
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Díaz-Guzmán H, Bonfil C. Depredación predispersión en tres especies de Quercus del pie de monte del Ajusco, México. REV MEX BIODIVERS 2020. [DOI: 10.22201/ib.20078706e.2020.91.3242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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21
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Ward D, Schmitt MH, Shrader AM. Are there phylogenetic differences in salivary tannin-binding proteins between browsers and grazers, and ruminants and hindgut fermenters? Ecol Evol 2020; 10:10426-10439. [PMID: 33072270 PMCID: PMC7548203 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
While feeding, mammalian browsers (primarily eat woody plants) encounter secondary metabolites such as tannins. Browsers may bind these tannins using salivary proteins, whereas mammalian grazers (primarily eat grasses that generally lack tannins) likely would not. Ruminant browsers rechew their food (ruminate) to increase the effectiveness of digestion, which may make them more effective at binding tannins than nonruminants. Few studies have included a sufficient number of species to consider possible scaling with body mass or phylogenetic effects on salivary proteins. Controlling for phylogeny, we ran inhibition radial diffusion assays of the saliva of 28 species of African herbivores that varied in size, feeding strategy, and digestive system. We could not detect the presence of salivary proline-rich proteins that bind tannins in any of these species. However, using the inhibition radial diffusion assay, we found considerable abilities to cope with tannins in all species, albeit to varying degrees. We found no differences between browsers and grazers in the effectiveness of their salivary proteins to bind to and precipitate tannins, nor between ruminants and nonruminants, or scaling with body mass. Three species bound all tannins, but their feeding niches included one browser (gray duiker), one mixed feeder (bush pig), and one grazer (red hartebeest). Five closely related species of small ruminant browsers were very effective in binding tannins. Megaherbivores, considered generalists on account of their large body size, were capable of binding tannins. However, the grazing white rhinoceros was almost as effective at binding tannins as the megaherbivore browsers. We conclude, contrary to earlier predictions, that there were no differences in the relative salivary tannin-binding capability that was related to common ancestry (phylogeny) or to differences in body size.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ward
- Department of Biological Sciences Kent State University Kent OH USA
| | - Melissa H Schmitt
- South African Environmental Observation Network Ndlovu Node Phalaborwa South Africa.,Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA USA.,School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal Scottsville South Africa
| | - Adrian M Shrader
- School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal Scottsville South Africa.,Mammal Research Institute Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
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22
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Denryter K, Cook RC, Cook JG, Parker KL, Gillingham MP. State-dependent foraging by caribou with different nutritional requirements. J Mammal 2020; 101:544-557. [PMID: 32454534 PMCID: PMC7236907 DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyaa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Foraging by animals is hypothesized to be state-dependent, that is, varying with physiological condition of individuals. State often is defined by energy reserves, but state also can reflect differences in nutritional requirements (e.g., for reproduction, lactation, growth, etc.). Testing hypotheses about state-dependent foraging in ungulates is difficult because fine-scale data needed to evaluate these hypotheses generally are lacking. To evaluate whether foraging by caribou (Rangifer tarandus) was state-dependent, we compared bite and intake rates, travel rates, dietary quality, forage selection, daily foraging time, and foraging strategies of caribou with three levels of nutritional requirements (lactating adults, nonlactating adults, subadults 1–2 years old). Only daily foraging times and daily nutrient intakes differed among nutritional classes of caribou. Lactating caribou foraged longer per day than nonlactating caribou—a difference that was greatest at the highest rates of intake, but which persisted even when intake was below requirements. Further, at sites where caribou achieved high rates of intake, caribou in each nutritional class continued foraging even after satisfying daily nutritional requirements, which was consistent with a foraging strategy to maximize energy intake. Foraging time by caribou was partially state-dependent, highlighting the importance of accounting for physiological state in studies of animal behavior. Fine-scale foraging behaviors may influence larger-scale behavioral strategies, with potential implications for conservation and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Denryter
- Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada.,Wildlife Branch-Elk and Pronghorn Antelope Program, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Rachel C Cook
- National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Forestry and Range Sciences Laboratory, La Grande, OR, USA
| | - John G Cook
- National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Forestry and Range Sciences Laboratory, La Grande, OR, USA
| | - Katherine L Parker
- Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael P Gillingham
- Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
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23
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Merems JL, Shipley LA, Levi T, Ruprecht J, Clark DA, Wisdom MJ, Jackson NJ, Stewart KM, Long RA. Nutritional-Landscape Models Link Habitat Use to Condition of Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus). Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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24
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The Potential Effect of Dietary Tannins on Enteric Methane Emission and Ruminant Production, as an Alternative to Antibiotic Feed Additives – A Review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2020-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Antibiotic growth promoters in livestock nutrition cause microbial resistance which produces threats to human health. Therefore, tannins have been considered as natural alternative antibiotic feed additives which possess various biological properties including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory. Additionally, these plants also have antiparasitic and anti-bloat characteristics which contribute to inhibit the enteric methane emission in order to improve nutrient digestibility, milk and meat quality, fatty acids composition and ruminant production. Antibiotic growth promoters have been practiced in animals feeding to increase feed intake, growth rate, weight gain as well as reduce metabolic disorders and energy losses in the rumen. In 2006, the European Union banned the usage of antibiotic growth promoters in the feeding of livestock. This antibiotic resistance issue has increased demand to explore the natural feed additives that might be useful for animal production system. Consequently, natural forages have been categorized as potential feed additives in animal production since it improves nutritive value, protein digestibility, increase amino acid absorption and growth rate. But, some plant materials are usually rich in tannins known as anti-nutritional factors. Therefore, the application of tannin-rich plants in ruminant nutrition needs great precaution due to its possible injurious effects (dose dependent) on animal health such as metabolic disorders. Hence, there is need to give attention to the usage of tannins in ruminant nutrition as an alternative to antibiotics feed additives to investigate its effects on enteric methane emissions and ruminants production. In addition, safety and risk associated with tannins feeding have also been briefly discussed.
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25
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Champagne E, Royo AA, Tremblay JP, Raymond P. Phytochemicals Involved in Plant Resistance to Leporids and Cervids: a Systematic Review. J Chem Ecol 2019; 46:84-98. [PMID: 31858366 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-019-01130-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Non-nutritive phytochemicals (secondary metabolites and fibre) can influence plant resistance to herbivores and have ecological impacts on animal and plant population dynamics. A major hindrance to the ecological study of these phytochemicals is the uncertainty in the compounds one should measure, especially when limited by cost and expertise. With the underlying goal of identifying proxies of plant resistance to herbivores, we performed a systematic review of the effects of non-nutritive phytochemicals on consumption by leporids (rabbits and hares) and cervids (deer family). We identified 133 out of 1790 articles that fit our selection criteria (leporids = 33, cervids = 97, both herbivore types = 3). These articles cover 18 species of herbivores, on four continents. The most prevalent group of phytochemicals in the selected articles was phenolics, followed by terpenes for leporids and by fibre for cervids. In general, the results were variable but phenolic concentration seems linked with high resistance to both types of herbivores. Terpene concentration is also linked to high plant resistance; this relationship seems driven by total terpene content for cervids and specific terpenes for leporids. Tannins and fibre did not have a consistent positive effect on plant resistance. Because of the high variability in results reported and the synergistic effects of phytochemicals, we propose that the choice of chemical analyses must be tightly tailored to research objectives. While researchers pursuing ecological or evolutionary objectives should consider multiple specific analyses, researchers in applied studies could focus on a fewer number of specific analyses. An improved consideration of plant defence, based on meaningful chemical analyses, could improve studies of plant resistance and allow us to predict novel or changing plant-herbivore interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Champagne
- Département de biologie & Centre d'étude de la forêt, Université Laval, QC, Québec, Canada. .,Direction de la recherche forestière, Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs, QC, Québec, Canada.
| | - Alejandro A Royo
- USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station, 335 National Forge Road, Irvine, PA, 16365, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Tremblay
- Département de biologie & Centre d'étude de la forêt, Université Laval, QC, Québec, Canada.,Centre d'études nordiques, Université Laval, QC, Québec, Canada
| | - Patricia Raymond
- Direction de la recherche forestière, Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs, QC, Québec, Canada
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Monteith KB, Monteith KL, Jenks JA. Condensed tannins as a deterrent to crop depredation by white‐tailed deer: Effects of concentration and learning. WILDLIFE SOC B 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.1028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle B. Monteith
- Department of Natural Resource ManagementSouth Dakota State University Box 2140B Brookings SD 57007 USA
| | - Kevin L. Monteith
- Haub School of Environment and Natural Resources, Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Zoology and PhysiologyUniversity of Wyoming 804 E Fremont Laramie WY 82072 USA
| | - Jonathan A. Jenks
- Department of Natural Resource ManagementSouth Dakota State University Box 2140B Brookings SD 57007 USA
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Nutritional factors associated with distribution of Mopani Worms in Mopani woodlands in Tsholotsho and Gwanda Districts, Zimbabwe: A comparative survey. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17320. [PMID: 31754197 PMCID: PMC6872812 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53923-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mopani worms are abundant in Gwanda and sporadic in Tsholotsho though the two areas have similar climatic conditions. The study sought to determine nutritional factors that could be associated with distribution of Mopani worms in these two districts. Ten sampling points in undisturbed Mopani woodlands were established in each district. Samples were collected and analysed in the lab to determine the levels of crude protein, tannin and natural detergent fibres levels in leaves and pH, Nitrates, Phosphates and Potassium levels in soil and Welch’s test, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney, Analysis of Variance and the Bonferroni Confidence Intervals were employed to test for significance in the observed differences. Findings showed differences in tree size and leaf length whilst the differences of all other variables (non-extractible tannis, extractible tannis crude protein levels and natural detergent fibres) relating to leaf sample analysis were not statistically significant. Findings on soil sample analysis pointed out that Gwanda had higher pH, Phosphorus and Potassium levels whilst Nitrates were significantly higher in Tsholotsho. Differences in the tree sizes and leaf sizes of the samples from the two sites show that there could be host selection based on these variables.
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28
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Choi J, Kim MJ, Komakech R, Jung H, Kang Y. Anti-inflammatory activities of astringent persimmons (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) stalks of various cultivar types based on the stages of maturity in the Gyeongnam province. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:262. [PMID: 31547810 PMCID: PMC6757412 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2659-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Natural products play a significant role in human health in relation to the prevention and treatment of inflammatory conditions. One of the plants with great medicinal potentials is Diospyros kaki which is mainly cultivated in Asian countries including Korea, Japan, and China. Astringent D. kaki is a wild species with an astringent taste until they are Ripened. kaki calyx is a traditional Korean medicine (TKM) made from the stalks of astringent D. kaki and is used in treating bed-wetting, vomiting, and hiccupping. The present study was designed to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory activities of astringent D. kaki stalks based on cultivar types and stages of maturity. Methods The anti-inflammatory effects of the stalk extracts of local astringent D. kaki cultivar species were evaluated on RAW 264.7 cells. Cell viability was measured using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) method. The anti-inflammatory effects were determined by measuring the nitric oxide (NO) concentration of the supernatant. Cellular signaling pathways were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reactions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Protein expression of iNOS and phospho-p65 was determined using western blot, and the nuclear localization of p65 was determined using confocal imaging in RAW 264.7 cells. Results We found that the stage 1 (8–9 month) samples all showed a high percentage of tannic acid content and Gojongsi (Hamyang) stalks had the highest content. The stage 1 samples also showed the highest inhibition of NO production. Decreases in the expression of iNOS and phosphorylated p65, and in the nuclear localization of p65, were dose-dependent. All the extracts were nontoxic under 100 μg/ml concentration. Conclusion This study provides insight into the changes in tannic acid content in astringent D. kaki and their anti-inflammatory effects, in relation to their stage of maturity. These results are expected to be useful in the verification of the efficacy of oriental medicine and the timing of proper harvest for medical use.
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Berry SL, Shipley LA, Long RA, Loggers C. Differences in dietary niche and foraging behavior of sympatric mule and white‐tailed deer. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L. Berry
- School of the Environment Washington State University Pullman Washington 99164 USA
| | - Lisa A. Shipley
- School of the Environment Washington State University Pullman Washington 99164 USA
| | - Ryan A. Long
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences University of Idaho Moscow Idaho 83844 USA
| | - Chris Loggers
- Colville National Forest U.S. Forest Service Kettle Falls Washington 99141 USA
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DeYoung CA, Fulbright TE, Hewitt DG, Wester DB, Draeger DA, DeYoung CA, Fulbright TE, Hewitt DG, Wester DB, Draeger DA, Gann KR, Folks DJ, Hewitt DG, DeYoung CA, Fulbright TE, Wester DB, Draeger DA, Darr RL, Williamson KM, Garver LW, Hewitt DG, DeYoung CA, Fulbright TE, Gann KR, Wester DB, Draeger DA, Gann WJ, Fulbright TE, Hewitt DG, DeYoung CA, Grahmann ED, Wester DB, Felts BL, Phillips LM, Gage RT, Draeger DA, Cook NS, Donohue RN, DeYoung CA, Hewitt DG, Fulbright TE, Wester DB, Draeger DA, DeYoung CA, Hewitt DG, Fulbright TE, Wester DB, Draeger DA. Linking White‐Tailed Deer Density, Nutrition, and Vegetation in a Stochastic Environment. WILDLIFE MONOGRAPHS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/wmon.1040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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31
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Schrempp TV, Rachlow JL, Johnson TR, Shipley LA, Long RA, Aycrigg JL, Hurley MA. Linking forest management to moose population trends: The role of the nutritional landscape. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219128. [PMID: 31310634 PMCID: PMC6634377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Forested lands in the western USA have undergone changes in management and condition that are resulting in a shift towards climax vegetation. These changes can influence the quality and quantity of forage for herbivores that rely on early-seral plants. To evaluate how management of forested landscapes might affect nutrition for Shiras moose (A. a. shirasi) at large spatial scales, we focused on shrubs and evaluated summer diet composition, forage availability, and forage quality across 21 population management units encompassing >36,000 km2 in northern Idaho, USA. We identified 17 shrub species in the diets of moose, 11 of which comprised the bulk of the diets. These forage shrubs varied markedly in both energy (mean digestible energy for leaves ranged from 9.62 to 12.89 kJ/g) and protein (mean digestible protein for leaves ranged from 1.73 to 7.90%). By adapting established field sampling methods and integrating recent advances in remote sensing analyses in a modeling framework, we predicted approximations of current and past (i.e., 1984) quantities of forage shrubs across northern Idaho. We also created a qualitative index of population trend for moose across population management units using harvest data. Predicted quantities of forage shrubs varied widely across the study area with generally higher values at more northern latitudes. The quantity of forage shrubs was estimated to have declined over the past 30 years in about half of the population management units, with the greatest declines predicted for high-energy forage species. The population trend index was correlated with the percent change in availability of moderate-energy forage shrubs, indicating that availability of forage shrubs and change in availability over time might be affecting population dynamics for moose in northern Idaho. Our study highlights the importance of assessing how changes in forest management across broad spatiotemporal extents could affect wildlife and their habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas V. Schrempp
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America
- Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Lewiston, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Janet L. Rachlow
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Timothy R. Johnson
- Department of Statistical Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Lisa A. Shipley
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ryan A. Long
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Jocelyn L. Aycrigg
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Hurley
- Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Boise, Idaho, United States of America
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Przybyło M, Hummel J, Ortmann S, Codron D, Kohlschein GM, Kilga D, Smithyman J, Przybyło U, Świerk S, Hammer S, Hatt JM, Górka P, Clauss M. Digesta passage in nondomestic ruminants: Separation mechanisms in 'moose-type' and 'cattle-type' species, and seemingly atypical browsers. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 235:180-192. [PMID: 31220621 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ruminants have been classified as having a 'moose-type' or 'cattle-type' digestive physiology. 'Cattle-type' ruminants have a clear difference in the mean retention time (MRT) of fluid vs. small particles in the reticulorumen (RR), with a high 'selectivity factor' (SF = MRTparticle/ MRTfluid, >1.80), and are typically grazers and intermediate feeders. 'Moose-type' ruminants have lower SF (<1.80), possibly because of defensive salivary proteins that constrain amounts of (high-viscosity) saliva, and are typically restricted to browsing. To further contribute to testing this physiology-diet correlation, we performed 55 individual passage measurements in 4/6 species that have/have not been investigated previously, respectively. Co-EDTA was used as a solute (fluid) and Cr-mordanted hay particles (<2 mm) as particle markers. Results are related to the percentage of grass in the natural diet taken from the literature. Moose (Alces alces, n = 4 on 4 to 5 diets each and n = 2 on a single diet, 5% grass, SF 1.46 ± 0.22) and giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis, n = 3 on 3 to 5 diets each, 1%, 1.42 ± 0.23) as classical 'moose-type', and cattle (Bos taurus, n = 2, 70%, 2.04) as classical 'cattle-type' ruminants yielded results similar to those previously published, as did waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus, n = 5, 84%, 2.46 ± 0.49), corroborating that the SF represents, to a large extent, a species-specific characteristic. Results in oryx (Oryx leucoryx, n = 1, 75%, 2.60) and sitatunga (Tragelaphus spekii, n = 4, 68%, 1.81 ± 0.21) correspond to the concept of 'cattle-type' ruminants being grazers or intermediate feeders. However, European bison (Bison bonasus, n = 1, 10%, 2.74), nyala (T. angasii, n = 6, 20%, 1.95 ± 0.25), bongo (T. eurycerus, n = 3, 13%, 2.39 ± 0.54) and gerenuk (Litocranius walleri, n = 1, 0%, 2.25) appear as 'cattle-type' ruminants, yet have a browse-dominated diet. While the results do not challenge the view that a 'moose-type' digestive physiology is an adaptation to browse diets, they indicate that it may not be the only adaptation that enables ruminants to use browse. Apparently, a 'cattle-type' digestive physiology with a high SF does not necessarily preclude a browsing diet niche. High-SF browsers might have the benefit of an increased harvest of RR microbiota and grit removal prior to rumination; how they defend themselves against secondary plant compounds in browse remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Przybyło
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Jürgen Hummel
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ruminant Nutrition, University of Goettingen, Kellnerweg 6, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Sylvia Ortmann
- Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW) Berlin, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Daryl Codron
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa.
| | - Gina-Marie Kohlschein
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Bräuhausweg 7, 82335 Berg, Germany
| | - Daniela Kilga
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Albrechtstrasse 11, 8406 Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Juliet Smithyman
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Pittwater Animal Hospital, 1 Arnott Crescent, Warriewood, NSW 2101, Australia
| | - Urszula Przybyło
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Samanta Świerk
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Sven Hammer
- Al Wabra Wildlife Preservation, Doha, State of Qatar, Qatar; Naturschutz-Tierpark Görlitz, Zittauerstr. 43, 02826 Görlitz, Germany.
| | - Jean-Michel Hatt
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Paweł Górka
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Marcus Clauss
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Liu H, Puchala R, LeShure S, Gipson TA, Flythe MD, Goetsch AL. Effects of lespedeza condensed tannins alone or with monensin, soybean oil, and coconut oil on feed intake, growth, digestion, ruminal methane emission, and heat energy by yearling Alpine doelings. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:885-899. [PMID: 30481297 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifty-four Alpine doelings (initial BW and age of 31.7 ± 0.38 kg and 306 ± 1.9 d, respectively) were allocated to nine treatments individually fed for ad libitum intake of 25% concentrate and 75% forage diets (DM basis). Alfalfa was the forage in the control diet. Other diets contained Sericea lespedeza as the forage, with 1.25% DM of quebracho extract included in the concentrate fraction for a dietary condensed tannin level of 8.4%. Lespedeza treatments were no additive (L) and inclusion of monensin (I) at 22 mg/kg DM (L-I), soybean oil at 3% (L-S), coconut oil at 3% (L-N), I and 3% soybean oil (L-I-S), I and 3% coconut oil (L-I-N), 1.5% soybean oil and 1.5% coconut oil (L-S-N), and I, 1.5% soybean oil, and 1.5% coconut oil (L-I-S-N). The experiment was 12 wk with two 6-wk periods. Gas exchange was determined in weeks 6 and 12, and other measures occurred in weeks 5 and 11. The control diet offered averaged 2.67% nitrogen, 43.8% neutral detergent fiber, and 8.8% acid detergent lignin, and the L diet offered averaged 2.03% nitrogen, 42.8% neutral detergent fiber, and 13.2% acid detergent lignin. There were no treatment × period interactions for digestibilities (P ≥ 0.770) or methane emission (P ≥ 0.324). There were differences (P < 0.001) between the control treatment and diets with lespedeza in intake of DM (1.46, 1.23, 1.30, 1.18, 1.32, 1.10, 1.02, 1.20, and 1.01 kg/d; SEM = 0.059), digestibility of OM (57.4%, 50.9%, 51.8%, 52.7%, 50.3%, 52.1%, 52.1%, 51.9%, and 49.8%; SEM = 1.42), and digestibility of nitrogen (59.1%, 31.2%, 32.5%, 37.1%, 31.6%, 38.3%, 30.4%, 38.4%, and 34.1% for control, L, L-I, L-S, L-N, L-I-S, L-I-N, L-S-N, and L-I-S-N, respectively; SEM = 2.21). Ruminal methane emission was less (P < 0.001) for diets with lespedeza than for the control in MJ/d (1.36, 0.76, 0.84, 0.71, 0.71, 0.66, 0.65, 0.68, and 0.68; SEM = 0.048) and relative to intake of gross energy (5.92%, 3.27%, 3.49%, 3.19%, 2.84%, 2.91%, 3.20%, 3.20%, and 3.27%; SEM = 0.165) and digestible energy (11.19%, 6.98%, 7.40%, 6.38%, 5.90%, 5.69%, 6.37%, 6.38%, and 6.70% for control, L, L-I, L-S, L-N, L-I-S, L-I-N, L-S-N, and L-I-S-N, respectively; SEM = 0.400). In conclusion, the magnitude of effect of condensed tannins from lespedeza and quebracho extract on ruminal methane emission by Alpine doelings did not diminish over time and was not markedly influenced by dietary inclusion of monensin, soybean oil, or coconut oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, OK
| | - Richard Puchala
- American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, OK
| | - Shirron LeShure
- American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, OK
| | - Terry A Gipson
- American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, OK
| | - Michael D Flythe
- Forage Animal Production Research Unit, ARS, USDA, Lexington, KY
| | - Arthur L Goetsch
- American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, OK
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Branco PS, Merkle JA, Pringle RM, Pansu J, Potter AB, Reynolds A, Stalmans M, Long RA. Determinants of elephant foraging behaviour in a coupled human‐natural system: Is brown the new green? J Anim Ecol 2019; 88:780-792. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola S. Branco
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences University of Idaho Moscow Idaho
| | - Jerod A. Merkle
- Department of Zoology and Physiology University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming
| | - Robert M. Pringle
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton University Princeton New Jersey
| | - Johan Pansu
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton University Princeton New Jersey
| | - Arjun B. Potter
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton University Princeton New Jersey
| | - Alana Reynolds
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton University Princeton New Jersey
| | - Marc Stalmans
- Department of Scientific Services Gorongosa National Park Sofala Mozambique
| | - Ryan A. Long
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences University of Idaho Moscow Idaho
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Atkins JL, Long RA, Pansu J, Daskin JH, Potter AB, Stalmans ME, Tarnita CE, Pringle RM. Cascading impacts of large-carnivore extirpation in an African ecosystem. Science 2019; 364:173-177. [PMID: 30846612 DOI: 10.1126/science.aau3561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Populations of the world's largest carnivores are declining and now occupy mere fractions of their historical ranges. Theory predicts that when apex predators disappear, large herbivores become less fearful, occupy new habitats, and modify those habitats by eating new food plants. Yet experimental support for this prediction has been difficult to obtain in large-mammal systems. After the extirpation of leopards and African wild dogs from Mozambique's Gorongosa National Park, forest-dwelling antelopes [bushbuck (Tragelaphus sylvaticus)] expanded into treeless floodplains, where they consumed novel diets and suppressed a common food plant [waterwort (Bergia mossambicensis)]. By experimentally simulating predation risk, we demonstrate that this behavior was reversible. Thus, whereas anthropogenic predator extinction disrupted a trophic cascade by enabling rapid differentiation of prey behavior, carnivore restoration may just as rapidly reestablish that cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine L Atkins
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | - Ryan A Long
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Johan Pansu
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.,Station Biologique de Roscoff, UMR 7144 CNRS-Sorbonne Université, 29688 Roscoff, France.,CSIRO Ocean and Atmosphere, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Joshua H Daskin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Arjun B Potter
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Marc E Stalmans
- Department of Scientific Services, Parque Nacional da Gorongosa, Sofala, Mozambique
| | - Corina E Tarnita
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Robert M Pringle
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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36
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DeVoe JD, Proffitt KM, Mitchell MS, Jourdonnais CS, Barker KJ. Elk forage and risk tradeoffs during the fall archery season. J Wildl Manage 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse D. DeVoe
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit205 Natural Sciences BuildingWildlife Biology ProgramUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMT59812USA
| | - Kelly M. Proffitt
- Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks1400 South 19th StreetBozemanMT59718USA
| | - Michael S. Mitchell
- U.S. Geological SurveyMontana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit 205 Natural Sciences BuildingWildlife Biology ProgramUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMT59812USA
| | | | - Kristin J. Barker
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit205 Natural Sciences BuildingWildlife Biology ProgramUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMT59812USA
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Bentley-Condit VK, Power ML. The nutritional content of Tana River yellow baboon (Papio cynocephalus) foods in a partially forested habitat. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207186. [PMID: 30439991 PMCID: PMC6237341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report the first dietary macronutrient and mineral content information for a little-studied yellow baboon group (i.e., the Mchelelo troop) at the Tana River Primate National Reserve, Kenya. We compare forest to savanna samples for this troop found in a partially forested habitat. Observations conducted between 1988 and 1992 determined our list of foods. Subsequently, flora samples, representing 56 species, were collected between April 2008 and March 2009 with nutrient content determined via standard procedures for fiber, gross energy, ash/minerals, crude protein, and crude fat/lipids. Concentrations of specific minerals (calcium, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, potassium, zinc) were also measured. We predicted forest items would be higher in gross energy and lipids and savanna items higher in crude protein, fiber, and minerals. Our analyses support only the predicted difference in crude protein for savanna items for the overall dataset. In our examination of the top 15 foods, savanna items had significantly higher crude protein, ash, magnesium, and manganese while forest items had higher gross energy. Right-angled mixture triangles show some clustering by location but with substantial overlap in values. Our data provide further indication of the particularity and purposefulness of dietary choices made by primates. They also contribute to the broader discussions of primate nutritional ecology and are a first step towards an examination of macronutrient balancing for this group. Finally, we discuss the impact heavy reliance upon forest products by a "savanna species" may have upon competitors and forest composition. Ultimately, we show that there is still much to be learned about baboon nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael L. Power
- Nutrition Laboratory, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, D.C., United States of America
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Muller Z. Rothschild’s giraffeGiraffa camelopardalis rothschildi(Linnaeus, 1758) in East Africa: A review of population trends, taxonomy and conservation status. Afr J Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Muller
- School of Biological Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UK
- Giraffe Research & Conservation Trust Nairobi Kenya
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Effects of feeding Lespedeza cuneata pellets with Medicago sativa hay to sheep: Nutritional impact, characterization and degradation of condensed tannin during digestion. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Allman BP, Kielland K, Wagner D. Leaf herbivory by insects during summer reduces overwinter browsing by moose. BMC Ecol 2018; 18:38. [PMID: 30261869 PMCID: PMC6161349 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-018-0192-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Damage to plants by herbivores potentially affects the quality and quantity of the plant tissue available to other herbivore taxa that utilize the same host plants at a later time. This study addresses the indirect effects of insect herbivores on mammalian browsers, a particularly poorly-understood class of interactions. Working in the Alaskan boreal forest, we investigated the indirect effects of insect damage to Salix interior leaves during the growing season on the consumption of browse by moose during winter, and on quantity and quality of browse production. Results Treatment with insecticide reduced leaf mining damage by the willow leaf blotch miner, Micrurapteryx salicifoliella, and increased both the biomass and proportion of the total production of woody tissue browsed by moose. Salix interior plants with experimentally-reduced insect damage produced significantly more stem biomass than controls, but did not differ in stem quality as indicated by nitrogen concentration or protein precipitation capacity, an assay of the protein-binding activity of tannins. Conclusions Insect herbivory on Salix, including the outbreak herbivore M. salicifoliella, affected the feeding behavior of moose. The results demonstrate that even moderate levels of leaf damage by insects can have surprisingly strong impacts on stem production and influence the foraging behavior of distantly related taxa browsing on woody tissue months after leaves have dropped. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12898-018-0192-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Allman
- Institute of Arctic Biology, Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
| | - Knut Kielland
- Institute of Arctic Biology, Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
| | - Diane Wagner
- Institute of Arctic Biology, Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA.
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41
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Barker KJ, Mitchell MS, Proffitt KM, DeVoe JD. Land management alters traditional nutritional benefits of migration for elk. J Wildl Manage 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin J. Barker
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit; University of Montana; 205 Natural Sciences Building Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Michael S. Mitchell
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit; University of Montana; 205 Natural Sciences Building Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Kelly M. Proffitt
- Montana Fish; Wildlife and Parks; 1400 South 19th Street Bozeman MT 59715 USA
| | - Jesse D. DeVoe
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit; University of Montana; 205 Natural Sciences Building Missoula MT 59812 USA
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Crowell MM, Shipley LA, Forbey JS, Rachlow JL, Kelsey RG. Dietary partitioning of toxic leaves and fibrous stems differs between sympatric specialist and generalist mammalian herbivores. J Mammal 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyy018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M M Crowell
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - L A Shipley
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - J S Forbey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - J L Rachlow
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - R G Kelsey
- United States Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, OR, USA
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Abstract
AbstractAntinutritional factors in livestock foods may be defined as the substances which either by themselves, or through their metabolic products arising in the system, interfere with food utilization and affect the health and production of animals. These deleterious substances, also referred to as anti-quality factors can be divided tentatively into four groups based on their effects on livestock: (i) affecting protein utilization and depressing digestion (protease inhibitors, tannins, saponins, lectins, etc.), (ii) metal ion scavengers (oxalates, phytates, gossypol pigments, glucosinolates), (Hi) antivitamins, and (iv) those which cannot be put in the above categories (mycotoxins, mimosine, cyanogens, nitrates, alkaloids, photosensitizing agents, isoflavones, etc.). This paper discusses only those deleterious substances which are of prime concern to the farmers and scientists of developing countries. Much emphasis is given to polyphenols compounds, as this class of anti-nutritional factor is the most widespread in non-conventional foodstuffs, i.e. agroindustrial and forestry byproducts. The effective utilization of these non-conventional foods forms the main area of research in the third world countries due to shortages of conventional foods. Efforts have been made to present the current knowledge on their assay methods, effects on animals, mode of action and detoxification/detannification using physical, chemical and biotechnological approaches. Other anti-quality factors viz., mycotoxins, mimosine, cyanogens and nitrates which also cause damage to livestock in developing countries are also discussed briefly.
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Espinosa-Gómez FC, Serio-Silva JC, Santiago-García JD, Sandoval-Castro CA, Hernández-Salazar LT, Mejía-Varas F, Ojeda-Chávez J, Chapman CA. Salivary tannin-binding proteins are a pervasive strategy used by the folivorous/frugivorous black howler monkey. Am J Primatol 2018; 80. [PMID: 29363818 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Dietary tannins can affect protein digestion and absorption, be toxic, and influence food selection by being astringent and bitter tasting. Animals that usually ingest tannins may regularly secrete tannin-binding salivary proteins (TBSPs) to counteract the negative effects of tannins or TBSPs production can be induced by a tannin-rich diet. In the wild, many primates regularly eat a diet that contains tannin-rich leaves and unripe fruit and it has been speculated that they have the physiological ability to cope with dietary tannins; however, details of their strategy remains unclear. Our research details the salivary protein composition of wild and zoo-living black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra) feeding on natural versus manufactured low-tannin diets, and examines differences in TBSPs, mainly proline-rich proteins (PRPs), to determine whether production of these proteins is dependent on the tannin content of their food. We measured the pH, flow rate, and concentration of total protein and trichloroacetic acid soluble proteins (an index of PRPs) in saliva. Howler monkeys produced slightly alkaline saliva that may aid in the binding interaction between tannin and salivary proteins. We used gel electrophoresis to describe the salivary protein profile and this analysis along with a tannin-binding assay allowed us to detect several TBSPs in all individuals. We found no differences in the characteristics of saliva between wild and zoo-living monkeys. Our results suggest that black howler monkeys always secrete TBSPs even when fed on foods low in tannins. This strategy of constantly using this salivary anti-tannin defense enables them to obtain nutrients from plants that sometimes contain high levels of tannins and may help immediately to overcome the astringent sensation of their food allowing howler monkeys to eat tanniferous plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Carolina Espinosa-Gómez
- McGill School of Environment and Department of Anthropology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Red de Biología y Conservación de Vertebrados, Instituto de Ecología AC, Xalapa, México
| | | | | | | | | | - Fernando Mejía-Varas
- Departamento de Servicios Veterinarios, Zoológico de Zacango, Estado de México, México
| | - Javier Ojeda-Chávez
- Dirección General de Zoológicos y Vida Silvestre, Zoológico de Chapultepec, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Colin Austin Chapman
- McGill School of Environment and Department of Anthropology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York.,Section of Social Systems Evolution, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Stutz R, Bergvall U, Leimar O, Tuomi J, Rautio P. Cohesiveness reduces foraging efficiency in a social herbivore. Anim Behav 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Wam HK, Felton AM, Stolter C, Nybakken L, Hjeljord O. Moose selecting for specific nutritional composition of birch places limits on food acceptability. Ecol Evol 2017; 8:1117-1130. [PMID: 29375784 PMCID: PMC5773297 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of intense research, it remains largely unsolved which nutritional factors underpin food selection by large herbivores in the wild. We measured nutritional composition of birch foliage (Betula pubescens) available to, and used by, moose (Alces alces) in natural settings in two neighboring regions with contrasting animal body mass. This readily available food source is a staple food item in the diet of moose in the high‐fitness region, but apparently underutilized by moose in the low‐fitness region. Available birch foliage in the two regions had similar concentrations of macronutrients (crude protein [CP], fiber fractions, and water‐soluble carbohydrates [WSC]), although a notably lower variation of WSC in the low‐fitness region. For minerals, there were several area differences: available birch foliage in the low‐fitness region had less Mg (depending on year) and P, but more Ca, Zn, Cu, and Mn. It also had higher concentrations of some plant secondary metabolites: chlorogenic acids, quercetins, and especially MeOH‐soluble condensed tannins. Despite the area differences in available foliage, we found the same nutritional composition of birch foliage used in the two regions. Compared to available birch foliage, moose consistently used birch foliage with more CP, more structural fiber (mainly hemicellulose), less WSC, higher concentrations of several minerals (Ca, Zn, K, Mn, Cu), and lower concentrations of some secondary metabolites (most importantly, MeOH‐soluble condensed tannins). Our study conceptually supports the nutrient‐balancing hypothesis for a large herbivore: within a given temporal frame, moose select for plant material that matches a specific nutritional composition. As our data illustrate, different moose populations may select for the same composition even when the nutritional composition available in a given food source varies between their living areas. Such fastidiousness limits the proportion of available food that is acceptable to the animal and has bearings on our understanding and application of the concept of carrying capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde K Wam
- Division of Forestry and Forest Resources NIBIO Ås Norway
| | - Annika M Felton
- Faculty of Forest Sciences Swedish University of Agricultural Science Alnarp Sweden
| | - Caroline Stolter
- Department of Animal Ecology and Concervation University of Hamburg Hamburg Germany
| | - Line Nybakken
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences Ås Norway
| | - Olav Hjeljord
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences Ås Norway
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Gussek I, Große-Brinkhaus C, Südekum KH, Hummel J. Influence of ration composition on nutritive and digestive variables in captive giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis) indicating the appropriateness of feeding practice. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:e513-e524. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Gussek
- Institute of Animal Science; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | | | - K.-H. Südekum
- Institute of Animal Science; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - J. Hummel
- Department of Animal Sciences; University of Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
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48
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Zamin TJ, Côté SD, Tremblay JP, Grogan P. Experimental warming alters migratory caribou forage quality. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2017; 27:2061-2073. [PMID: 28653471 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Global declines in caribou and reindeer (Rangifer) populations have drawn attention to the myriad of stressors that these Arctic and boreal forest herbivores currently face. Arctic warming has resulted in increased tundra shrub growth and therefore Rangifer forage quantity. However, its effects on forage quality have not yet been addressed although they may be critical to Rangifer body condition and fecundity. We investigated the impact of 8 yrs of summer warming on the quality of forage available to the Bathurst caribou herd using experimental greenhouses (n = 5) located in mesic birch hummock tundra in the central Canadian Low Arctic. Leaf forage quality and digestibility characteristics associated with nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), phenolics, and fiber were measured on the deciduous shrub Betula glandulosa (an important Rangifer diet component) at six time points through the growing season, and on five other very common vascular plant and lichen species in late summer. Experimental warming reduced B. glandulosa leaf nitrogen concentrations by ~10% in both late June and mid-July, but not afterwards. It also reduced late summer forage quality of the graminoid Eriophorum vaginatum by increasing phenolic concentrations 38%. Warming had mixed effects on forage quality of the lichen Cetraria cucullata in that it increased nutrient concentrations and tended to decrease fiber contents, but it also increased phenolics. Altogether, these warming-induced changes in forage quality over the growing season, and response differences among species, highlight the importance of Rangifer adaptability in diet selection. Furthermore, the early season reduction in B. glandulosa nitrogen content is a particular concern given the importance of this time for calf growth. Overall, our demonstration of the potential for significant warming impacts on forage quality at critical times for these animals underscores the importance of effective Rangifer range conservation to ensure sufficient appropriate habitat to support adaptability in forage selection in a rapidly changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara J Zamin
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Steeve D Côté
- Caribou Ungava, Département de Biologie, and Centre d'études Nordiques, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Tremblay
- Caribou Ungava, Département de Biologie, and Centre d'études Nordiques, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Paul Grogan
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
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49
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Different population responses of three sympatric rodent species to acorn masting—the role of tannin tolerance. POPUL ECOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10144-017-0570-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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50
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Cook JG, Cook RC, Davis RW, Irwin LL. Nutritional ecology of elk during summer and autumn in the Pacific Northwest. WILDLIFE MONOGRAPHS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/wmon.1020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John G. Cook
- National Council for Air and Stream Improvement; Forestry and Range Science Laboratory; 1401 Gekeler Lane La Grande OR 97850 USA
| | - Rachel C. Cook
- National Council for Air and Stream Improvement; Forestry and Range Science Laboratory; 1401 Gekeler Lane La Grande OR 97850 USA
| | - Ronald W. Davis
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL 61820 USA
| | - Larry L. Irwin
- National Council for Air and Stream Improvement; P.O. Box 68 Stevensville MT 59870 USA
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