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Zhou D, Jing H, Yuan J, Zhou M, Liu L, Fu J, Ouyang L, Xu J, Bian J, Fu H, He H. Non-targeted GC-MS metabolomics-based differences in Indica rice seeds of different varieties. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:519. [PMID: 38851682 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Rice seeds of different varieties exhibited distinct metabolic profiles in our study. We analyzed the metabolites in seeds of six rice varieties (CH, HM, NX, YX, HY, and MX) using non-targeted GC-MS. Our findings revealed that amino acids, sugars, and organic acids were predominant in all varieties, with significant differences observed in CH compared to the others. Specifically phenylalanine and glycine content differed notably in NX and YX, respectively. Additionally, 1,5-anhydroglucitol content in NX, and glutamate, aspartate, and lactulose in NX, YX, HM, HY, and MX were up-regulated. Due to the biological functions of these amino acids and sugars, these indicated that compared to CH, rice of NX were more conducive to metabolism of carbohydrate and fat, and healthy growth maintenance in the human body, but mightThese variations suggest that NX rice may be more beneficial for carbohydrate and fat metabolism and overall health maintenance compared to CH. However, it may not be suitable for diabetic patients. YX rice may not be an ideal glycine supplement, rice ofwhile HM, HY, and MX rice could serve as potential lactulose sources. Furthermore, NX and YX rice exhibited higher levels of main storage proteins compared to CH. This study offers valuable insights into the metabolic differences among various rice varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Hao Jing
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Jun Yuan
- School of Nursing, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Mingming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Junru Fu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Linjuan Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Jianmin Bian
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Haihui Fu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Haohua He
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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Pandey S. Metabolomics Characterization of Disease Markers in Diabetes and Its Associated Pathologies. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2024. [PMID: 38778629 DOI: 10.1089/met.2024.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
With the change in lifestyle of people, there has been a considerable increase in diabetes, which brings with it certain follow-up pathological conditions, which lead to a substantial medical burden. Identifying biomarkers that aid in screening, diagnosis, and prognosis of diabetes and its associated pathologies would help better patient management and facilitate a personalized treatment approach for prevention and treatment. With the advancement in techniques and technologies, metabolomics has emerged as an omics approach capable of large-scale high throughput data analysis and identifying and quantifying metabolites that provide an insight into the underlying mechanism of the disease and its progression. Diabetes and metabolomics keywords were searched in correspondence with the assigned keywords, including kidney, cardiovascular diseases and critical illness from PubMed and Scopus, from its inception to Dec 2023. The relevant studies from this search were extracted and included in the study. This review is focused on the biomarkers identified in diabetes, diabetic kidney disease, diabetes-related development of CVD, and its role in critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnima Pandey
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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3
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Xu H, Pan J, Chen Q. The progress of clinical research on the detection of 1,5-anhydroglucitol in diabetes and its complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1383483. [PMID: 38803475 PMCID: PMC11128578 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1383483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
1,5-Anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) is sensitive to short-term glucose fluctuations and postprandial hyperglycemia, which has great potential in the clinical application of diabetes as a nontraditional blood glucose monitoring indicator. A large number of studies have found that 1,5-AG can be used to screen for diabetes, manage diabetes, and predict the perils of diabetes complications (diabetic nephropathy, diabetic cardiovascular disease, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic pregnancy complications, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, etc.). Additionally, 1,5-AG and β cells are also associated with each other. As a noninvasive blood glucose monitoring indicator, salivary 1,5-AG has much more benefit for clinical application; however, it cannot be ignored that its detection methods are not perfect. Thus, a considerable stack of research is still needed to establish an accurate and simple enzyme assay for the detection of salivary 1,5-AG. More clinical studies will also be required in the future to confirm the normal reference range of 1,5-AG and its role in diabetes complications to further enhance the blood glucose monitoring system for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Xu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junhua Pan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiu Chen
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Ito M, Sugawara K. Construction of Biosensing System for Glycated Albumin Using an Electron Transfer Peptide-Modified Protein Probe. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2024; 72:258-265. [PMID: 38432907 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c23-00702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Glycated albumin (GA) is one of the proteins that replaces several sugar moieties and can be used as an indicator of diabetes mellitus. We developed a sensing system that uses GA in the early detection of diabetes mellitus. In this study, H6Y4C acetylated (Ac-) at the N-terminals of the peptide was combined with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) to recognize glucose moieties. The Ac-H6Y4C-WGA was constructed as a GA-sensing probe. The tyrosine residues of Y4C exhibited an oxidation peak, and His-tag moieties were introduced to separate Ac-H6Y4C-WGA in the synthesis of the probe. The Ac-H6Y4C-WGA probe binds with the 1-2 molecules of Ac-H6Y4C per WGA using matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF)-MS. Next, the functions of Ac-H6Y4C-WGA were evaluated using voltammetry. The number of electron-transfers was calculated based on the relationship between the peak potential and logarithm of scan rate and was 3.03. In the electrochemical measurements with mannose and bovine serum albumin, the peak currents were similar to that of GA alone. By contrast, a decrease in the peak current was suppressed when glucose was added to the solution containing the probe. As a result, Ac-H6Y4C-WGA was selectively bound to the glucose moieties of GA. The calibration curve via differential pulse voltammetry was proportional to the concentrations of GA and ranged from 1.0 × 10-12 to 2.0 × 10-11 M with a detection limit of 3.3 × 10-13 M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiru Ito
- Division of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Maebashi Institute of Technology
| | - Kazuharu Sugawara
- Department of Life Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Maebashi Institute of Technology
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Liu J, Chang X, Ding X, He X, Wang J, Wang G. Effect of dapagliflozin on proteomics and metabolomics of serum from patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:251. [PMID: 38044448 PMCID: PMC10694884 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01229-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduced the risk of cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the underlying mechanism has not been well elucidated. The circulating levels of proteins and metabolites reflect the overall state of the human body. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dapagliflozin on the proteome and metabolome in patients with newly diagnosed T2D. METHODS A total of 57 newly diagnosed T2D patients were enrolled, and received 12 weeks of dapagliflozin treatment (10 mg/d, AstraZeneca). Serum proteome and metabolome were investigated at the baseline and after dapagliflozin treatment. RESULTS Dapagliflozin significantly decreased HbA1c, BMI, and HOMA-IR in T2D patients (all p < 0.01). Multivariate models indicated clear separations of proteomics and metabolomics data between the baseline and after dapagliflozin treatment. A total of 38 differentially abundant proteins including 23 increased and 15 decreased proteins, and 35 differentially abundant metabolites including 17 increased and 18 decreased metabolites, were identified. In addition to influencing glucose metabolism (glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and pentose phosphate pathway), dapagliflozin significantly increased sex hormone-binding globulin, transferrin receptor protein 1, disintegrin, and metalloprotease-like decysin-1 and apolipoprotein A-IV levels, and decreased complement C3, fibronectin, afamin, attractin, xanthine, and uric acid levels. CONCLUSIONS The circulating proteome and metabolome in newly diagnosed T2D patients were significantly changed after dapagliflozin treatment. These changes in proteins and metabolites might be associated with the beneficial effect of dapagliflozin on cardiovascular and renal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, NO. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, 100020, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaona Chang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, NO. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, 100020, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, NO. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, 100020, Beijing, China
| | - Xueqing He
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, NO. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, 100020, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, NO. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, 100020, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, NO. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, 100020, Beijing, China.
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Diederich J, Mounkoro P, Tirado HA, Chevalier N, Van Schaftingen E, Veiga-da-Cunha M. SGLT5 is the renal transporter for 1,5-anhydroglucitol, a major player in two rare forms of neutropenia. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:259. [PMID: 37594549 PMCID: PMC10439028 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04884-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Neutropenia and neutrophil dysfunction in glycogen storage disease type 1b (GSD1b) and severe congenital neutropenia type 4 (SCN4), associated with deficiencies of the glucose-6-phosphate transporter (G6PT/SLC37A4) and the phosphatase G6PC3, respectively, are the result of the accumulation of 1,5-anhydroglucitol-6-phosphate in neutrophils. This is an inhibitor of hexokinase made from 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG), an abundant polyol in blood. 1,5-AG is presumed to be reabsorbed in the kidney by a sodium-dependent-transporter of uncertain identity, possibly SGLT4/SLC5A9 or SGLT5/SLC5A10. Lowering blood 1,5-AG with an SGLT2-inhibitor greatly improved neutrophil counts and function in G6PC3-deficient and GSD1b patients. Yet, this effect is most likely mediated indirectly, through the inhibition of the renal 1,5-AG transporter by glucose, when its concentration rises in the renal tubule following inhibition of SGLT2. To identify the 1,5-AG transporter, both human and mouse SGLT4 and SGLT5 were expressed in HEK293T cells and transport measurements were performed with radiolabelled compounds. We found that SGLT5 is a better carrier for 1,5-AG than for mannose, while the opposite is true for human SGLT4. Heterozygous variants in SGLT5, associated with a low level of blood 1,5-AG in humans cause a 50-100% reduction in 1,5-AG transport activity tested in model cell lines, indicating that SGLT5 is the predominant kidney 1,5-AG transporter. These and other findings led to the conclusion that (1) SGLT5 is the main renal transporter of 1,5-AG; (2) frequent heterozygous mutations (allelic frequency > 1%) in SGLT5 lower blood 1,5-AG, favourably influencing neutropenia in G6PC3 or G6PT deficiency; (3) the effect of SGLT2-inhibitors on blood 1,5-AG level is largely indirect; (4) specific SGLT5-inhibitors would be more efficient to treat these neutropenias than SGLT2-inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Diederich
- Metabolic Research Group, de Duve Institute and UCLouvain, de Duve Institute, 75, Av. Hippocrate, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Mounkoro
- Metabolic Research Group, de Duve Institute and UCLouvain, de Duve Institute, 75, Av. Hippocrate, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hernan A Tirado
- Metabolic Research Group, de Duve Institute and UCLouvain, de Duve Institute, 75, Av. Hippocrate, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Chevalier
- Metabolic Research Group, de Duve Institute and UCLouvain, de Duve Institute, 75, Av. Hippocrate, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emile Van Schaftingen
- Metabolic Research Group, de Duve Institute and UCLouvain, de Duve Institute, 75, Av. Hippocrate, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria Veiga-da-Cunha
- Metabolic Research Group, de Duve Institute and UCLouvain, de Duve Institute, 75, Av. Hippocrate, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
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Zelada H, Recklein CL, McGill JB. Short-term multifactorial intervention (STEMI): An approach using structured blood glucose monitoring (BGM) and conventional therapies in persons with diabetes. J Family Med Prim Care 2023; 12:1412-1416. [PMID: 37649768 PMCID: PMC10465056 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2172_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Achieving glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) targets have been shown to reduce long-term microvascular complications of diabetes; however, suboptimal glucose control is common. We tested whether glucose control could be improved within 8 weeks by employing structured blood glucose monitoring (BGM) qid in addition to seven times per day prior to visits for diabetes education and medication management that occurred every 2-4 weeks. Methods This single-center, prospective study was conducted on 78 adults with either type 1 diabetes (T1D) or type 2 diabetes (T2D), HbA1c >8%, and serum creatinine (sCr) <2.0 mg/dl. HbA1c was checked at baseline, Week 2, Week 4, and at Week 8. Patients were evaluated by a physician and a certified diabetes educator (CDE) at baseline, Week 2, and Week 4 for treatment adjustments and lifestyle advice based on a review of BGM done qid plus 7-point profiles conducted before Weeks 2, 4, and 8. Study outcomes were change in HbA1c from baseline to Week 8 and change in mean glucose on the 7-point profile from Week 2 to Week 8. These were compared using one-way repeated measures ANOVA. Results Of the 78 patients, 64.1% had T2D, 50% were women, and 72% were Caucasian. Mean age (±SD) was 51.3.5 ± 11.1 years, and median diabetes duration was 9 (5-17) years. The percentage of patients using insulin increased from 58.9% at baseline to 67.9% at Week 8. The mean (±SD) HbA1c was 9.53% (±1.71) at baseline, declined -1.38% from baseline to week 8 (CI -1.62 to -0.14, P < 0.001). The mean (±SD) glucose on the 7-point profile was 187 (±52) mg/dl at Week 2, and 157 (±5) mg/dl at Week 8. (P < 0.01). Conclusions An intensive glucose optimization program using structured BGM qid plus 7-point profiles, diabetes education, and conventional anti-diabetic therapies was successful in reducing HbA1c by 1.38% over 8 weeks in patients with poor glucose control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Zelada
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, United States
| | - Carol L. Recklein
- Division of Endocrinology Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, United States
| | - Janet B. McGill
- Division of Endocrinology Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, United States
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Eduardo Villena Chávez J, Rosa Neira Sánchez E, Francesco Poletti Ferrara L. Dispersion of Serum 1,5 Anhydroglucitol Values in patients with Type 2 Diabetes at goal of HbA1c. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023; 199:110668. [PMID: 37061006 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the relationship of 1,5 anhydroglucitol (1,5 AG) with HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with different ranges of glycemic control. METHODS One hundred outpatients with T2D ≥ 18 years old were studied. In addition, HbA1c, glycemia, 1,5 AG, lipids, albuminuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and clinical data were registered. RESULTS The patient's median age was 62.5 years, with a median of 10 years with T2D. Those with HbA1c <7 % had higher 1,5 AG than those with HbA1c ≥ 7 %, 16.8 ug/ml vs. 4.90 (p=0.00001).1,5 AG correlated inversely with HbA1c (r= -0.7910, p=0.00001), glycemia (r= -0.6307, p=0.00001), cholesterol (r= -0.2257, p= 0.0239), LDL-cholesterol (r= -0.2240 , p=0.0266), albuminuria (r= -0.3644, p=0.0002) and heart rate (r= -0.267 ,p=0.0072). Those on insulin therapy also had lower 1,5 AG (p=0.000). The scatter plot of 1,5 AG and HbA1c fitted a second-degree fractional polynomic regression model, with dispersion of 1 5 AG when HbA1c < 7.5%. An HbA1c ≥ 7.5 % predicted a 1,5 AG <10 ug/ml CONCLUSION: Dispersion of 1,5 AG values at HbA1c < 7.5 % indicates postprandial glucose excursions that may impair glucose control and increase the cardiovascular risk in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Eduardo Villena Chávez
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, Lima-Perú.
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Li G, Zhou Z, Wang Z, Chen S, Liang J, Yao X, Li L. An Efficient Electrochemical Biosensor to Determine 1,5-Anhydroglucitol with Persimmon-Tannin-Reduced Graphene Oxide-PtPd Nanocomposites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2786. [PMID: 37049081 PMCID: PMC10095622 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
1,5-Anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) is a sensitive biomarker for real-time detection of diabetes mellitus. In this study, an electrochemical biosensor to specifically detect 1,5-AG levels based on persimmon-tannin-reduced graphene oxide-PtPd nanocomposites (PT-rGO-PtPd NCs), which were modified onto the surface of a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE), was designed. The PT-rGO-PtPd NCs were prepared by using PT as the film-forming material and ascorbic acid as the reducing agent. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy analysis were used to characterise the newly synthesised materials. PT-rGO-PtPd NCs present a synergistic effect not only to increase the active surface area to bio-capture more targets, but also to exhibit electrocatalytic efficiency to catalyze the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). A sensitive layer is formed by pyranose oxidase (PROD) attached to the surface of PT-rGO-PtPd NC/SPCE. In the presence of 1,5-AG, PROD catalyzes the oxidization of 1,5-AG to generate 1,5-anhydrofuctose (1,5-AF) and H2O2 which can be decomposed into H2O under the synergistic catalysis of PT-rGO-PtPd NCs. The redox reaction between PT and its oxidative product (quinones, PTox) can be enhanced simultaneously by PT-rGO-PtPd NCs, and the current signal was recorded by the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) method. Under optimal conditions, our biosensor shows a wide range (0.1-2.0 mg/mL) for 1,5-AG detection with a detection limit of 30 μg/mL (S/N = 3). Moreover, our electrochemical biosensor exhibits acceptable applicability with recoveries from 99.80 to 106.80%. In summary, our study provides an electrochemical method for the determination of 1,5-AG with simple procedures, lower costs, good reproducibility, and acceptable stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyin Li
- College of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Guandu Road, Maoming 525000, China
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Zhide Zhou
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Zhongmin Wang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Shiwei Chen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jintao Liang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yao
- College of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Guandu Road, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Liuxun Li
- Solid Tumour Target Discovery Laboratory, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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Liu Y, Gan L, Zhao B, Yu K, Wang Y, Männistö S, Weinstein SJ, Huang J, Albanes D. Untargeted metabolomic profiling identifies serum metabolites associated with type 2 diabetes in a cross-sectional study of the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 324:E167-E175. [PMID: 36516224 PMCID: PMC9925157 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00287.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex chronic disease with substantial phenotypic heterogeneity affecting millions of individuals. Yet, its relevant metabolites and etiological pathways are not fully understood. The aim of this study is to assess a broad spectrum of metabolites related to T2D in a large population-based cohort. We conducted a metabolomic analysis of 4,281 male participants within the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study. The serum metabolomic analysis was performed using an LC-MS/GC-MS platform. Associations between 1,413 metabolites and T2D were examined using linear regression, controlling for important baseline risk factors. Standardized β-coefficients and standard errors (SEs) were computed to estimate the difference in metabolite concentrations. We identified 74 metabolites that were significantly associated with T2D based on the Bonferroni-corrected threshold (P < 3.5 × 10-5). The strongest signals associated with T2D were of carbohydrates origin, including glucose, 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG), and mannose (β = 0.34, -0.91, and 0.41, respectively; all P < 10-75). We found several chemical class pathways that were significantly associated with T2D, including carbohydrates (P = 1.3 × 10-11), amino acids (P = 2.7 × 10-6), energy (P = 1.5 × 10-4), and xenobiotics (P = 1.2 × 10-3). The strongest subpathway associations were seen for fructose-mannose-galactose metabolism, glycolysis-gluconeogenesis-pyruvate metabolism, fatty acid metabolism (acyl choline), and leucine-isoleucine-valine metabolism (all P < 10-8). Our findings identified various metabolites and candidate chemical class pathways that can be characterized by glycolysis and gluconeogenesis metabolism, fructose-mannose-galactose metabolism, branched-chain amino acids, diacylglycerol, acyl cholines, fatty acid oxidation, and mitochondrial dysfunction.NEW & NOTEWORTHY These metabolomic patterns may provide new additional evidence and potential insights relevant to the molecular basis of insulin resistance and the etiology of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhao Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lu Gan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kai Yu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yangang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephanie J Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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11
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Kedarnath PS, Subramanian SS, Bhaskar E, Kasi M, Pillai V, Subramanian S, Manohar V. Salivary 1,5-Anhydroglucitol and its Correlation with Postprandial Hyperglycemia: Development and Validation of a Novel Assay. Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2023; 13:23-28. [PMID: 37266531 PMCID: PMC10230528 DOI: 10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_378_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Saliva has the potential to be used as a noninvasive sample for testing hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus. Serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) decreases with an increase in blood sugar >180 mg/dl. We hypothesized that salivary 1,5-AG can be used to identify blood sugar higher than 180 mg/dl using a novel biochemical method. Aim This study aimed to develop a novel biochemical method for serum and salivary assessment of 1,5-AG and assess its correlation with postprandial blood sugar (PPBS) >180 mg/dl. Methodology The study comprised 45 controls (healthy individuals) and 45 cases (type 2 diabetic patients with PPBS >180 mg/dl). Blood and salivary samples were collected according to the study protocol. A new method was developed for the quantification of 1,5-AG in serum and saliva using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results The value of serum (mean -22.19 μg/ml and median -22.12 μg/ml) and salivary (mean -0.124 μg/ml and median -0.088 μg/ml) 1,5-AG was higher in healthy individuals compared to corresponding serum (mean -3.89 μg/ml and median -2.52 μg/ml) and salivary (mean -0.025 μg/ml and median - 0.025 μg/ml) levels in diabetics with PPBS >180 mg/dl. In diabetics, a significant negative correlation was noticed with PPBS levels and 1,5-AG levels in serum and saliva. Salivary 1,5-AG level <0.054 μg/ml had an 86.4% sensitivity and 87.2% specificity in predicting a blood sugar value >180 mg/dl. Conclusion The results of our study suggest that the short-term glycemic marker 1,5-AG can be detected in saliva and can be useful as an adjunct marker in monitoring of glycemic status in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Sathasiva Subramanian
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sri Ramachandra Dental College and Hospital, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Emmanuel Bhaskar
- Department of General Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohan Kasi
- Indian Institute of Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vinod Pillai
- Indian Institute of Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saravanan Subramanian
- Indian Institute of Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venkat Manohar
- Indian Institute of Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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12
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Sakanaka A, Katakami N, Furuno M, Nishizawa H, Omori K, Taya N, Ishikawa A, Mayumi S, Inoue M, Tanaka Isomura E, Amano A, Shimomura I, Fukusaki E, Kuboniwa M. Salivary metabolic signatures of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes hospitalized for treatment. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1074285. [PMID: 36619162 PMCID: PMC9815705 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1074285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a life-threatening disease associated with morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aimed to characterize a salivary signature of atherosclerosis based on evaluation of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) to develop a non-invasive predictive tool for diagnosis and disease follow-up. Metabolites in saliva and plasma samples collected at admission and after treatment from 25 T2D patients hospitalized for 2 weeks to undergo medical treatment for diabetes were comprehensively profiled using metabolomic profiling with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Orthogonal partial least squares analysis, used to explore the relationships of IMT with clinical markers and plasma and salivary metabolites, showed that the top predictors for IMT included salivary allantoin and 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) at both the baseline examination at admission and after treatment. Furthermore, though treatment induced alterations in salivary levels of allantoin and 1,5-AG, it did not modify the association between IMT and these metabolites (p interaction > 0.05), and models with these metabolites combined yielded satisfactory diagnostic accuracy for the high IMT group even after treatment (area under curve = 0.819). Collectively, this salivary metabolite combination may be useful for non-invasive identification of T2D patients with a higher atherosclerotic burden in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akito Sakanaka
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Naoto Katakami
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Masahiro Furuno
- Department of Biotechnology, Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering, Suita, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nishizawa
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazuo Omori
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Naohiro Taya
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Asuka Ishikawa
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Shota Mayumi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Moe Inoue
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Emiko Tanaka Isomura
- First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Atsuo Amano
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Fukusaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering, Suita, Japan
| | - Masae Kuboniwa
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan,*Correspondence: Masae Kuboniwa,
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13
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Chen ZZ, Pacheco JA, Gao Y, Deng S, Peterson B, Shi X, Zheng S, Tahir UA, Katz DH, Cruz DE, Ngo D, Benson MD, Robbins JM, Guo X, del Rocio Sevilla Gonzalez M, Manning A, Correa A, Meigs JB, Taylor KD, Rich SS, Goodarzi MO, Rotter JI, Wilson JG, Clish CB, Gerszten RE. Nontargeted and Targeted Metabolomic Profiling Reveals Novel Metabolite Biomarkers of Incident Diabetes in African Americans. Diabetes 2022; 71:2426-2437. [PMID: 35998269 PMCID: PMC9630088 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nontargeted metabolomics methods have increased potential to identify new disease biomarkers, but assessments of the additive information provided in large human cohorts by these less biased techniques are limited. To diversify our knowledge of diabetes-associated metabolites, we leveraged a method that measures 305 targeted or "known" and 2,342 nontargeted or "unknown" compounds in fasting plasma samples from 2,750 participants (315 incident cases) in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS)-a community cohort of self-identified African Americans-who are underrepresented in omics studies. We found 307 unique compounds (82 known) associated with diabetes after adjusting for age and sex at a false discovery rate of <0.05 and 124 compounds (35 known, including 11 not previously associated) after further adjustments for BMI and fasting plasma glucose. Of these, 144 and 68 associations, respectively, replicated in a multiethnic cohort. Among these is an apparently novel isomer of the 1-deoxyceramide Cer(m18:1/24:0) with functional geonomics and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Overall, known and unknown metabolites provided complementary information (median correlation ρ = 0.29), and their inclusion with clinical risk factors improved diabetes prediction modeling. Our findings highlight the importance of including nontargeted metabolomics methods to provide new insights into diabetes development in ethnically diverse cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsu-Zsu Chen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | | | - Yan Gao
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jacksonville, MS
| | - Shuliang Deng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Bennet Peterson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Xu Shi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Shuning Zheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Usman A. Tahir
- Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel H. Katz
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel E. Cruz
- Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Debby Ngo
- Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Mark D. Benson
- Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Jeremy M. Robbins
- Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Magdalena del Rocio Sevilla Gonzalez
- Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Alisa Manning
- Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Adolfo Correa
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jacksonville, MS
| | - James B. Meigs
- Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Kent D. Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Stephen S. Rich
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Mark O. Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - James G. Wilson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | | | - Robert E. Gerszten
- Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
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14
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Pan XF, Chen ZZ, Wang TJ, Shu X, Cai H, Cai Q, Clish CB, Shi X, Zheng W, Gerszten RE, Shu XO, Yu D. Plasma metabolomic signatures of obesity and risk of type 2 diabetes. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:2294-2306. [PMID: 36161775 PMCID: PMC9633360 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mechanisms linking obesity to type 2 diabetes (T2D) are not fully understood. This study aimed to identify obesity-related metabolomic signatures (MESs) and evaluated their relationships with incident T2D. METHODS In a nested case-control study of 2076 Chinese adults, 140 plasma metabolites were measured at baseline, linear regression was applied with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator to identify MESs for BMI and waist circumference (WC), and conditional logistic regression was applied to examine their associations with T2D risk. RESULTS A total of 32 metabolites associated with BMI or WC were identified and validated, among which 14 showed positive associations and 3 showed inverse associations with T2D; 8 and 18 metabolites were selected to build MESs for BMI and WC, respectively. Both MESs showed strong linear associations with T2D: odds ratio (95% CI) comparing extreme quartiles was 4.26 (2.00-9.06) for BMI MES and 9.60 (4.22-21.88) for WC MES (both p-trend < 0.001). The MES-T2D associations were particularly evident among individuals with normal WC: odds ratio (95% CI) reached 6.41 (4.11-9.98) for BMI MES and 10.38 (6.36-16.94) for WC MES. Adding MESs to traditional risk factors and plasma glucose improved C statistics from 0.79 to 0.83 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Multiple obesity-related metabolites and MESs strongly associated with T2D in Chinese adults were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong-Fei Pan
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Zsu-Zsu Chen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas J. Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xiang Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Clary B. Clish
- Metabolomics Platform, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xu Shi
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard & Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robert E. Gerszten
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard & Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Danxia Yu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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15
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Lower Glucose Effectiveness Is Associated with Postprandial Hyperglycemia in Obese/Overweight Men, Independently of Insulin Secretion. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12111022. [PMID: 36355105 PMCID: PMC9695914 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of glucose effectiveness on postprandial hyperglycemia in daily life is not fully studied. Here, we examined the association between SgIo, an index of glucose effectiveness calculated from a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, and the indices of hyperglycemia in obese/overweight men. SgIo was significantly associated with 1,5-anhydroglycitol, a biochemical marker for postprandial hyperglycemia. The receiver operating characteristic analyses of SgIo and oral disposition index for detecting the subjects with 1,5-anhydroglycitol < 14 μg/mL revealed that the areas under the curves were 0.77 and 0.76, while the cutoff points (sensitivity, selectivity) were 2.53 (0.9, 0.7) and 2.06 (0.36, 0.79), respectively. Both the SgIo < 2.53 category and the disposition index < 2.06 category were significantly associated with the percentages of meals with postprandial glucose levels ≥ 200 mg/dL, and the percentages of time when continuous glucose monitoring sensor readings were ≥200 mg/dL. After adjustment with disposition index, 45.5% of the subjects with the SgIo < 2.53 category had their 1,5-anhydroglycitol < 14 μg/mL, while, in the SgIo ≥ 2.53 category, 3.6% of the subjects had the hyperglycemia (p < 0.001). In addition, there were tendencies toward higher and lower SgIo quartile categories in subjects with walking (≥8000 steps) ≥60% of days and with noodle ingestion ≥20% of meals, respectively (p for trend, 0.008 and 0.038). In conclusion, lower glucose effectiveness is associated with postprandial hyperglycemia in the daily life of obese/overweight men, independently of insulin secretion. Lifestyles such as habits of walking and noodle ingestion are significantly associated with higher and lower glucose effectiveness, respectively.
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16
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Jiménez-Sánchez C, Mezza T, Sinturel F, Li L, Di Giuseppe G, Quero G, Jornayvaz FR, Guessous I, Dibner C, Schrauwen P, Alfieri S, Giaccari A, Maechler P. Circulating 1,5-Anhydroglucitol as a Biomarker of ß-cell Mass Independent of a Diabetes Phenotype in Human Subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:2833-2843. [PMID: 35867405 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT During an asymptomatic prediabetic state, the functional ß-cell mass decreases to a critical threshold, triggering diabetes and related symptoms. To date, there are no reliable readouts able to capture in vivo a potential drop of the ß-cell mass. OBJECTIVE Beside its use as a short-term marker of glycemic control, the deoxyhexose 1,5-anhydroglucitol was identified in rodents as a circulating biomarker of the functional ß-cell mass already in the asymptomatic prediabetic stage. The present study investigated the putative corresponding relevance of circulating 1,5-anhydroglucitol in different human cohorts. METHODS We analyzed clinical and blood parameters in patients with established type 2 diabetes and subjects considered at high risk of developing diabetes, as well as patients with no history of diabetes scheduled for pancreaticoduodenectomy. RESULTS Circulating 1,5-anhydroglucitol was reduced in type 2 diabetic patients, negatively correlating with fasting plasma glucose (P < 0.0001) and hemoglobin A1c (P < 0.0001). In healthy subjects, 1,5-AG levels positively correlated with body mass index (P = 0.004) and Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance %S (P < 0.03) and was particularly high in nondiabetic obese individuals, potentially accounting for compensatory ß-cell expansion. Patients with no history of diabetes undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy exhibited a 50% reduction of circulating 1,5-anhydroglucitol levels following surgery leading to an acute loss of their ß-cell mass (P = 0.002), regardless their glucose tolerance status. CONCLUSION In summary, plasma concentration of 1,5-anhydroglucitol follows the ß-cell mass and its noninvasive monitoring may alert about the loss of ß cells in subjects at risk for diabetes, an event that cannot be captured by other clinical parameters of glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Jiménez-Sánchez
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Center, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Teresa Mezza
- Pancreas Unit, CEMAD, Department of Internal medicine & Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Flore Sinturel
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Center, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lingzi Li
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Center, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gianfranco Di Giuseppe
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Quero
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Gemelli Pancreatic Center, CRMPG (Advanced Pancreatic Research Center), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - François R Jornayvaz
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Center, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Idris Guessous
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charna Dibner
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Center, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sergio Alfieri
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Gemelli Pancreatic Center, CRMPG (Advanced Pancreatic Research Center), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Giaccari
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Pierre Maechler
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Center, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
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17
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Migała M, Chałubińska-Fendler J, Zielińska M. 1,5-Anhydroglucitol as a Marker of Acute Hyperglycemia in Cardiovascular Events. Rev Diabet Stud 2022; 18:68-75. [PMID: 35831937 PMCID: PMC10044046 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2022.18.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) is a biomarker of acute hyperglycemia in diabetology and also in cardiodiabetology. It is used to monitor fluctuating glucose levels. 1,5-AG is a monosaccharide that is biochemically similar to D-glucose and originates from the nutrition. The presence of
1,5-AG in blood and tissue is nearly constant due to reabsorption in the renal proximal tubule. In acute hyperglycemia, renal reabsorption is inhibited by glucose and 1,5- AG is excreted in the urine, while its serum level decreases rapidly. 1,5-AG reflects glucose excursions over 1-3 days
to 2 weeks. In this regard, low levels of serum 1,5-AG can be a clinical marker of short- term glycemic derangements such as postprandial hyperglycemia, which is an important risk factor for the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD) as low levels of 1,5-AG reflect severe plaque calcification
in CAD and correlate with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. For these reasons, 1,5-AG may also be a marker for atherosclerosis; in fact an even better marker than HbA1c or fructosamine which are normally used. 1,5-AG may also be a predictor of cardiovascular disease, left
ventricular dysfunction after acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and mortality after ACS. This articles reviews the current knowledge on 1,5-AG related to its use as predictor for cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Migała
- Department of Intensive Cardiac Therapy. Medical University of Lodz. Lodz. Poland
| | | | - Marzenna Zielińska
- Department of Intensive Cardiac Therapy. Medical University of Lodz. Lodz. Poland
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18
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Quantification of Glucose, fructose and 1,5-Anhydroglucitol in plasma of diabetic patients by ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1200:123277. [PMID: 35533424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a worldwide disease that affects the quality of human life and social development. Glucose, fructose and 1,5-anhydroglucitol are closely related to diabetes mellitus. However, few methods have been reported to achieve these three carbohydrates in the blood simultaneously. In this study, a UPLC-MS/MS method allowing to quantify glucose, fructose, and 1,5-anhydroglucitol simultaneously in human plasma was developed. The analysis was performed by UPLC-MS/MS system with HILIC column. This new method provided satisfactory results in terms of calibration curves with good linearity (R2 > 0.99) over 3 order of magnitude range, precision (coefficient of variation of intra-day and inter-day: 0.72-10.23% and 2.21-13.8%), accuracy (results of intra-day and inter-day: 97-113%, 100-107%), matrix effects (87-109%), recovery (93-119%), carry-over (0.004-0.014%), as well as stability (0.04-6.9%) within the acceptance criteria. The reproducible, precise and accurate method with suitable dynamic ranges was successfully applied to the analysis of glucose, fructose and 1,5-anhydroglucitol in T2DM under different pathophysiological conditions.
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19
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Sakanaka A, Kuboniwa M, Katakami N, Furuno M, Nishizawa H, Omori K, Taya N, Ishikawa A, Mayumi S, Tanaka Isomura E, Shimomura I, Fukusaki E, Amano A. Saliva and Plasma Reflect Metabolism Altered by Diabetes and Periodontitis. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:742002. [PMID: 34589520 PMCID: PMC8473679 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.742002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disorder caused by disintegration of the balance between the periodontal microbiome and host response. While growing evidence suggests links between periodontitis and various metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes (T2D), non-alcoholic liver disease, and cardiovascular disease (CVD), which often coexist in individuals with abdominal obesity, factors linking periodontal inflammation to common metabolic alterations remain to be fully elucidated. More detailed characterization of metabolomic profiles associated with multiple oral and cardiometabolic traits may provide better understanding of the complexity of oral-systemic crosstalk and its underlying mechanism. We performed comprehensive profiling of plasma and salivary metabolomes using untargeted gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to investigate multivariate covariation with clinical markers of oral and systemic health in 31 T2D patients with metabolic comorbidities and 30 control subjects. Orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) results enabled more accurate characterization of associations among 11 oral and 25 systemic clinical outcomes, and 143 salivary and 78 plasma metabolites. In particular, metabolites that reflect cardiometabolic changes were identified in both plasma and saliva, with plasma and salivary ratios of (mannose + allose):1,5-anhydroglucitol achieving areas under the curve of 0.99 and 0.92, respectively, for T2D diagnosis. Additionally, OPLS analysis of periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) as the numerical response variable revealed shared and unique responses of metabolomic and clinical markers to PISA between healthy and T2D groups. When combined with linear regression models, we found a significant correlation between PISA and multiple metabolites in both groups, including threonate, cadaverine and hydrocinnamate in saliva, as well as lactate and pentadecanoic acid in plasma, of which plasma lactate showed a predominant trend in the healthy group. Unique metabolites associated with PISA in the T2D group included plasma phosphate and salivary malate, while those in the healthy group included plasma gluconate and salivary adenosine. Remarkably, higher PISA was correlated with altered hepatic lipid metabolism in both groups, including higher levels of triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, leading to increased risk of cardiometabolic disease based on a score summarizing levels of CVD-related biomarkers. These findings revealed the potential utility of saliva for evaluating the risk of metabolic disorders without need for a blood test, and provide evidence that disrupted liver lipid metabolism may underlie the link between periodontitis and cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akito Sakanaka
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masae Kuboniwa
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoto Katakami
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Furuno
- Department of Biotechnology, Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nishizawa
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuo Omori
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naohiro Taya
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Asuka Ishikawa
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shota Mayumi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Emiko Tanaka Isomura
- First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Fukusaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsuo Amano
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
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20
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Hu C, Jia W. Multi-omics profiling: the way towards precision medicine in metabolic diseases. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 13:mjab051. [PMID: 34406397 PMCID: PMC8697344 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjab051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are alarming health burdens around the world, while therapies for these diseases are far from satisfying as their etiologies are not completely clear yet. T2DM, NAFLD, and MetS are all complex and multifactorial metabolic disorders based on the interactions between genetics and environment. Omics studies such as genetics, transcriptomics, epigenetics, proteomics, and metabolomics are all promising approaches in accurately characterizing these diseases. And the most effective treatments for individuals can be achieved via omics pathways, which is the theme of precision medicine. In this review, we summarized the multi-omics studies of T2DM, NAFLD, and MetS in recent years, provided a theoretical basis for their pathogenesis and the effective prevention and treatment, and highlighted the biomarkers and future strategies for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Hu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus,
Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth
People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
- Institute for Metabolic Disease, Fengxian Central Hospital, The Third School of
Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Weiping Jia
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus,
Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth
People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
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21
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Kappel BA, Moellmann J, Thiele K, Rau M, Artati A, Adamski J, Ghesquiere B, Schuett K, Romeo F, Stoehr R, Marx N, Federici M, Lehrke M. Human and mouse non-targeted metabolomics identify 1,5-anhydroglucitol as SGLT2-dependent glycemic marker. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e470. [PMID: 34185398 PMCID: PMC8236115 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ben A Kappel
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Moellmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kirsten Thiele
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Rau
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anna Artati
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bart Ghesquiere
- VIB Metabolomics Expertise Center, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven Metabolomics Expertise Center, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katharina Schuett
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Francesco Romeo
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Robert Stoehr
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Marx
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Massimo Federici
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Center for Atherosclerosis, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael Lehrke
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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22
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Gobor LC, Volanski W, Boritza KC, Souza SWD, Anghebem MIAMI, Picheth G, Rego FGDM. Evaluation of 1,5-Anhydroglucitol as a Biomarker for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Patients without Overt Nephropathy. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902020000419078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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23
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Elwenspoek MMC, Scott LJ, Alsop K, Patel R, Watson JC, Mann E, Whiting P. What methods are being used to create an evidence base on the use of laboratory tests to monitor long-term conditions in primary care? A scoping review. Fam Pract 2020; 37:845-853. [PMID: 32820328 PMCID: PMC7759753 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmaa074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown unwarranted variation in test ordering among GP practices and regions, which may lead to patient harm and increased health care costs. There is currently no robust evidence base to inform guidelines on monitoring long-term conditions. OBJECTIVES To map the extent and nature of research that provides evidence on the use of laboratory tests to monitor long-term conditions in primary care, and to identify gaps in existing research. METHODS We performed a scoping review-a relatively new approach for mapping research evidence across broad topics-using data abstraction forms and charting data according to a scoping framework. We searched CINAHL, EMBASE and MEDLINE to April 2019. We included studies that aimed to optimize the use of laboratory tests and determine costs, patient harm or variation related to testing in a primary care population with long-term conditions. RESULTS Ninety-four studies were included. Forty percent aimed to describe variation in test ordering and 36% to investigate test performance. Renal function tests (35%), HbA1c (23%) and lipids (17%) were the most studied laboratory tests. Most studies applied a cohort design using routinely collected health care data (49%). We found gaps in research on strategies to optimize test use to improve patient outcomes, optimal testing intervals and patient harms caused by over-testing. CONCLUSIONS Future research needs to address these gaps in evidence. High-level evidence is missing, i.e. randomized controlled trials comparing one monitoring strategy to another or quasi-experimental designs such as interrupted time series analysis if trials are not feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha M C Elwenspoek
- The National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West), University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Lauren J Scott
- The National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West), University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Katharine Alsop
- Nightingale Valley Practice, Bristol, UK
- Brisdoc Healthcare Services, Bristol, UK
| | - Rita Patel
- The National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West), University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jessica C Watson
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ed Mann
- Tyntesfield Medical Group, Bristol, UK
| | - Penny Whiting
- The National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West), University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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24
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Usui M, Tanaka M, Takahashi H. 1,5-anhydroglucitol is a good predictor for the treatment effect of the Sodium-Glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL ENDOCRINOLOGY 2020; 21:100233. [PMID: 32904185 PMCID: PMC7452166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2020.100233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
1,5-AG is the novel predictor of HbA1c reduction with SGLT2 inhibitors. 1,5-AG is a useful predictor that is unaffected by the use of other diabetic drugs. The most appropriate 1,5-AG cutoff level is 7.65 µg/mL. In patients with 1,5-AG >7.7 µg/mL, SGLT2 inhibitors do not reduce HbA1c as much.
Background and Aims The suitable selection of appropriate medicines is one of important factor in successful diabetes care. We looked for clinical indicators that could predict the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in advance. Methods and Results In a single-center, this retrospective study was designed to examine predictive indices of the effectiveness of SGLT2 inhibitors. Using the medical records of 169 patients, we investigated the differences in clinical data between a group with improved glycemic control and a group with less improved glycemic control. 32 weeks of treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors decreased the HbA1c levels by 0.71%. The glucose-lowering effect was associated with improvement of the liver function. The maximum BMI change was independent of the rate of the HbA1c reduction. The HbA1c reduction was greater in patients with low 1,5-AG. This determination was unaffected by the use of anti-diabetic medication. Limiting HbA1c from 7.0% (52 mmol/mol) to 8.4% (68 mmol/mol) did not change this tendency. The maximum sum of sensitivity and specificity for patients with an HbA1c improvement of more than 0.7% was obtained with a 1,5-AG cutoff level of 7.65 µg/mL. Conclusion The use of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with T2DM, 1,5-AG was identified as the most reliable indicator for predicting HbA1c reduction.
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25
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Fujii T, Igarashi K, Samejima M. Single Amino Acid Mutation of Pyranose 2-Oxidase Results in Increased Specificity for Diabetes Biomarker 1,5-Anhydro-D-Glucitol. J Appl Glycosci (1999) 2020; 67:73-78. [PMID: 34354532 PMCID: PMC8135088 DOI: 10.5458/jag.jag.jag-2020_0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyranose 2-oxidases catalyze the oxidation of various pyranose sugars at the C2 position. However, their potential application for detecting sugars other than glucose in blood is hindered by relatively high activity towards glucose. In this study, in order to find a mutant enzyme with enhanced specificity for 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol (1,5-AG), which is a biomarker for diabetes mellitus, we conducted site-directed mutagenesis of pyranose 2-oxidase from the basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium ( Pc POX). Considering the three-dimensional structure of the substrate-binding site of Pc POX and the structural difference between glucose and 1,5-AG, we selected alanine 551 of Pc POX as a target residue for mutation. Kinetic studies of the 19 mutants of Pc POX expressed as recombinant proteins in E. coli revealed that the ratio of k cat / K m for 1,5-AG to k cat / K m for glucose was three times higher for the A551L mutant than for wild-type Pc POX. Although the A551L mutant has lower specific activity towards each substrate than the wild-type enzyme, its increased specificity for 1,5-AG makes it a promising lead for the development of POX-based 1,5-AG detection systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Fujii
- 1 Ikeda Food Research Co., Ltd.,2 Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Kiyohiko Igarashi
- 2 Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo.,3 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
| | - Masahiro Samejima
- 2 Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo.,4 Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University
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26
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Dienel GA. Hypothesis: A Novel Neuroprotective Role for Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC3) in Brain-To Maintain Energy-Dependent Functions Including Cognitive Processes. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:2529-2552. [PMID: 32815045 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03113-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The isoform of glucose-6-phosphatase in liver, G6PC1, has a major role in whole-body glucose homeostasis, whereas G6PC3 is widely distributed among organs but has poorly-understood functions. A recent, elegant analysis of neutrophil dysfunction in G6PC3-deficient patients revealed G6PC3 is a neutrophil metabolite repair enzyme that hydrolyzes 1,5-anhydroglucitol-6-phosphate, a toxic metabolite derived from a glucose analog present in food. These patients exhibit a spectrum of phenotypic characteristics and some have learning disabilities, revealing a potential linkage between cognitive processes and G6PC3 activity. Previously-debated and discounted functions for brain G6PC3 include causing an ATP-consuming futile cycle that interferes with metabolic brain imaging assays and a nutritional role involving astrocyte-neuron glucose-lactate trafficking. Detailed analysis of the anhydroglucitol literature reveals that it competes with glucose for transport into brain, is present in human cerebrospinal fluid, and is phosphorylated by hexokinase. Anhydroglucitol-6-phosphate is present in rodent brain and other organs where its accumulation can inhibit hexokinase by competition with ATP. Calculated hexokinase inhibition indicates that energetics of brain and erythrocytes would be more adversely affected by anhydroglucitol-6-phosphate accumulation than heart. These findings strongly support the paradigm-shifting hypothesis that brain G6PC3 removes a toxic metabolite, thereby maintaining brain glucose metabolism- and ATP-dependent functions, including cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald A Dienel
- Department of Neurology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Mail Slot 500, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
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27
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Vizioli C, Jaime-Lara RB, Franks AT, Ortiz R, Joseph PV. Untargeted Metabolomic Approach Shows No Differences in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Subjects Undergoing Bariatric Surgery: An Exploratory Study. Biol Res Nurs 2020; 23:109-118. [PMID: 32762338 DOI: 10.1177/1099800420942900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity plays a major role in the development of insulin resistance (IR) and diabetes (T2DM). Increased adipose tissue (AT) is particularly of interest because it activates a chronic inflammatory response in adipocytes and other tissues. AT plays key endocrine and metabolic functions, acting in the regulation of insulin sensitivity and energy homeostasis. Additionally, it can be easily collected during bariatric surgery. The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the potential differences in AT metabolism, through comparing the untargeted metabolomic profiles of diabetic and non-diabetic obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery. METHODS For this exploratory study, samples were collected from 17 subjects. Subcutaneous AT (SAT) samples from obese-diabetic (n = 8) and Obese-non-Diabetic (n = 9) subjects were obtained from the Human Metabolic Tissue Bank. Untargeted metabolomic profiling was performed by Metabolon® Inc. Statistical analysis was performed using the MetaboAnalyst 4.0 platform. RESULTS Among the 421 metabolites identified and analyzed there were no significant differences between the Obese-Diabetics and the Obese-non-Diabetics. Small changes were observed by fold change analysis mainly in lipid (n = 12; e.g. NEFAs) and amino acid (n = 8; e.g. BCAAs) metabolic pathways. Dysregulation of these metabolites has been associated with IR and other T2DM-related pathophysiological processes. CONCLUSION Obesity may influence SAT metabolism masking T2DM-dependent dysregulation. Better understanding the metabolic differences within SAT in diabetic populations may help identify potential biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring of T2DM in patients undergoing bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Vizioli
- Sensory Science & Metabolism Unit, Biobehavioral Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Nursing Research, 2511National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rosario B Jaime-Lara
- Sensory Science & Metabolism Unit, Biobehavioral Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Nursing Research, 2511National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexis T Franks
- Sensory Science & Metabolism Unit, Biobehavioral Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Nursing Research, 2511National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rodrigo Ortiz
- Sensory Science & Metabolism Unit, Biobehavioral Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Nursing Research, 2511National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paule V Joseph
- Sensory Science & Metabolism Unit, Biobehavioral Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Nursing Research, 2511National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Bergman M, Abdul-Ghani M, DeFronzo RA, Manco M, Sesti G, Fiorentino TV, Ceriello A, Rhee M, Phillips LS, Chung S, Cravalho C, Jagannathan R, Monnier L, Colette C, Owens D, Bianchi C, Del Prato S, Monteiro MP, Neves JS, Medina JL, Macedo MP, Ribeiro RT, Filipe Raposo J, Dorcely B, Ibrahim N, Buysschaert M. Review of methods for detecting glycemic disorders. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 165:108233. [PMID: 32497744 PMCID: PMC7977482 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prediabetes (intermediate hyperglycemia) consists of two abnormalities, impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) detected by a standardized 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Individuals with isolated IGT or combined IFG and IGT have increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Diagnosing prediabetes early and accurately is critical in order to refer high-risk individuals for intensive lifestyle modification. However, there is currently no international consensus for diagnosing prediabetes with HbA1c or glucose measurements based upon American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria that identify different populations at risk for progressing to diabetes. Various caveats affecting the accuracy of interpreting the HbA1c including genetics complicate this further. This review describes established methods for detecting glucose disorders based upon glucose and HbA1c parameters as well as novel approaches including the 1-hour plasma glucose (1-h PG), glucose challenge test (GCT), shape of the glucose curve, genetics, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), measures of insulin secretion and sensitivity, metabolomics, and ancillary tools such as fructosamine, glycated albumin (GA), 1,5- anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG). Of the approaches considered, the 1-h PG has considerable potential as a biomarker for detecting glucose disorders if confirmed by additional data including health economic analysis. Whether the 1-h OGTT is superior to genetics and omics in providing greater precision for individualized treatment requires further investigation. These methods will need to demonstrate substantially superiority to simpler tools for detecting glucose disorders to justify their cost and complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bergman
- NYU School of Medicine, NYU Diabetes Prevention Program, Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Manhattan Campus, 423 East 23rd Street, Room 16049C, NY, NY 10010, USA.
| | - Muhammad Abdul-Ghani
- Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Ralph A DeFronzo
- Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Melania Manco
- Research Area for Multifactorial Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Sesti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Teresa Vanessa Fiorentino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100, Italy.
| | - Antonio Ceriello
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Ricerca Cura Carattere Scientifico Multimedica, Sesto, San Giovanni (MI), Italy.
| | - Mary Rhee
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Lawrence S Phillips
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Stephanie Chung
- Diabetes Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institutes of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Celeste Cravalho
- Diabetes Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institutes of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Ram Jagannathan
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Louis Monnier
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Claude Colette
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - David Owens
- Diabetes Research Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Wales, UK.
| | - Cristina Bianchi
- University Hospital of Pisa, Section of Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Stefano Del Prato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Mariana P Monteiro
- Endocrine, Cardiovascular & Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - João Sérgio Neves
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, São João University Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal.
| | | | - Maria Paula Macedo
- CEDOC-Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; APDP-Diabetes Portugal, Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Rogério Tavares Ribeiro
- Institute for Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, APDP Diabetes Portugal, Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - João Filipe Raposo
- CEDOC-Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; APDP-Diabetes Portugal, Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Brenda Dorcely
- NYU School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, NY, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Nouran Ibrahim
- NYU School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, NY, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Martin Buysschaert
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Université Catholique de Louvain, University Clinic Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.
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Feskens E, Brennan L, Dussort P, Flourakis M, Lindner LME, Mela D, Rabbani N, Rathmann W, Respondek F, Stehouwer C, Theis S, Thornalley P, Vinoy S. Potential Markers of Dietary Glycemic Exposures for Sustained Dietary Interventions in Populations without Diabetes. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:1221-1236. [PMID: 32449931 PMCID: PMC7490172 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is considerable interest in dietary and other approaches to maintaining blood glucose concentrations within the normal range and minimizing exposure to postprandial hyperglycemic excursions. The accepted marker to evaluate the sustained maintenance of normal blood glucose concentrations is glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). However, although this is used in clinical practice to monitor glycemic control in patients with diabetes, it has a number of drawbacks as a marker of efficacy of dietary interventions that might beneficially affect glycemic control in people without diabetes. Other markers that reflect shorter-term glycemic exposures have been studied and proposed, but consensus on the use and relevance of these markers is lacking. We have carried out a systematic search for studies that have tested the responsiveness of 6 possible alternatives to HbA1c as markers of sustained variation in glycemic exposures and thus their potential applicability for use in dietary intervention trials in subjects without diabetes: 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG), dicarbonyl stress, fructosamine, glycated albumin (GA), advanced glycated end products (AGEs), and metabolomic profiles. The results suggest that GA may be the most promising for this purpose, but values may be confounded by effects of fat mass. 1,5-AG and fructosamine are probably not sensitive enough to the range of variation in glycemic exposures observed in healthy individuals. Use of measures based on dicarbonyls, AGEs, or metabolomic profiles would require further research into possible specific molecular species of interest. At present, none of the markers considered here is sufficiently validated and sensitive for routine use in substantiating the effects of sustained variation in dietary glycemic exposures in people without diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Feskens
- Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Pierre Dussort
- International Life Sciences Institute-ILSI Europe a.i.s.b.l., Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Flourakis
- International Life Sciences Institute-ILSI Europe a.i.s.b.l., Brussels, Belgium,Address correspondence to MF (e-mail: )
| | - Lena M E Lindner
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany,German Center for Diabetes Research , Munich, Germany
| | | | - Naila Rabbani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Qatar University Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar,Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany,German Center for Diabetes Research , Munich, Germany
| | | | - Coen Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands,School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Paul Thornalley
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom,Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sophie Vinoy
- Nutrition Department, Mondelez Int R&D, Saclay, France
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Pigaiani N, Bertaso A, De Palo EF, Bortolotti F, Tagliaro F. Vitreous humor endogenous compounds analysis for post-mortem forensic investigation. Forensic Sci Int 2020; 310:110235. [PMID: 32169668 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The chemical and biochemical analysis of bodily fluids after death is an important thanatochemical approach to assess the cause and time since death. Vitreous humor (VH) has been used as a biofluid for forensic purposes since the 1960s. Due to its established relevance in toxicology, a literature review highlighting the use of VH with an emphasis on endogenous compounds has not yet been undertaken. VH is a chemically complex aqueous solution of carbohydrates, proteins, electrolytes and other small molecules present in living organisms; this biofluid is useful tool for its isolated environment, preserved from bacterial contamination, decomposition, autolysis, and metabolic reactions. The post-mortem analysis of VH provides an important tool for the estimation of the post-mortem interval (PMI), which can be helpful in determining the cause of death. Consequently, the present review evaluates the recent chemical and biochemical advances with particular importance on the endogenous compounds present at the time of death and their modification over time, which are valuable for the PMI prediction and to identify the cause of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Pigaiani
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health - Unit of Forensic Medicine, University of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, Verona, Italy.
| | - Anna Bertaso
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health - Unit of Forensic Medicine, University of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, Verona, Italy.
| | - Elio Franco De Palo
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health - Unit of Forensic Medicine, University of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, Verona, Italy
| | - Federica Bortolotti
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health - Unit of Forensic Medicine, University of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, Verona, Italy
| | - Franco Tagliaro
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health - Unit of Forensic Medicine, University of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, Verona, Italy; Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Comparison of the gamma-Pareto convolution with conventional methods of characterising metformin pharmacokinetics in dogs. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2019; 47:19-45. [PMID: 31865474 PMCID: PMC7040082 DOI: 10.1007/s10928-019-09666-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A model was developed for long term metformin tissue retention based upon temporally inclusive models of serum/plasma concentration (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ C $$\end{document}C. The GPC, E2 and NC models were applied to a total of 148 serum samples drawn from 20 min to 72 h following bolus intravenous metformin in seven healthy mongrel dogs. The GPC model was used to calculate area under the curve (AUC), clearance (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ CL $$\end{document}CL), and functions of time, f(t), for drug mass remaining (M), apparent volume of distribution (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$V_{d}$$\end{document}Vd), as well as \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ CL $$\end{document}CL-values of 104.7% and 123.7% of RPF, respectively. The GPC plasma/serum only model predicted 78.9% drug \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$t_{1/2}$$\end{document}t1/2 ratio of M/C averaging 7.0 times, a result in keeping with prior simultaneous \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$V_d$$\end{document}Vd that achieved limiting constant values. A simulated constant average drug mass multidosing protocol exhibited increased \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$t_{1/2}$$\end{document}t1/2 with elapsing time, effects that have been observed experimentally during same-dose multidosing. The GPC heavy-tailed models explained multiple documented phenomena that were unexplained with lighter-tailed models.
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Makino H, Tanaka A, Asakura K, Koezuka R, Tochiya M, Ohata Y, Tamanaha T, Son C, Shimabara Y, Fujita T, Miyamoto Y, Kobayashi J, Hosoda K. Addition of low-dose liraglutide to insulin therapy is useful for glycaemic control during the peri-operative period: effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist therapy on glycaemic control in patients undergoing cardiac surgery (GLOLIA study). Diabet Med 2019; 36:1621-1628. [PMID: 31335979 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIM To test the hypothesis that the addition of a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist that can decrease glucose levels without increasing the hypoglycaemia risk will achieve appropriate glycaemic control during the peri-operative period. METHODS We studied 70 people with Type 2 diabetes who underwent elective cardiac surgery. Participants were randomized to either an insulin-alone or an insulin plus liraglutide 0.6 mg/day group. We evaluated average M values, which indicated the proximity index of the target glucose level from day 1 to day 10. RESULTS The average M value in the liraglutide plus insulin group was significantly lower than that in the insulin-alone group (liraglutide plus insulin 5.8 vs insulin-alone 12.3; P < 0.001). The frequency of insulin dose modification in the liraglutide plus insulin group was significantly lower than that in the insulin-alone group (odds ratio 0.19, 95% CI 0.08-0.49; P < 0.001). The frequency of hypoglycaemia in the liraglutide plus insulin group tended to be lower than that in the insulin-alone group (odds ratio 0.57, 95% CI 0.15-2.23; P = 0.21). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study showed that the addition of low-dose liraglutide to insulin achieved lower M values than insulin alone, suggesting that the addition of low-dose liraglutide may achieve better glycaemic control during the peri-operative period. (Clinical trials registry no.: UMIN 000008003).
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Affiliation(s)
- H Makino
- Departments of, Department of, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Centre, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - A Tanaka
- Departments of, Department of, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Centre, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Asakura
- Department of, Data Science, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Centre, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - R Koezuka
- Departments of, Department of, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Centre, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Tochiya
- Departments of, Department of, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Centre, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Ohata
- Departments of, Department of, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Centre, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Tamanaha
- Departments of, Department of, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Centre, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - C Son
- Departments of, Department of, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Centre, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Shimabara
- Department of, Adult Cardiac Surgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Centre, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Fujita
- Department of, Adult Cardiac Surgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Centre, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Miyamoto
- Department of, Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Centre, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - J Kobayashi
- Department of, Adult Cardiac Surgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Centre, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Hosoda
- Departments of, Department of, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Centre, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Li L, Krznar P, Erban A, Agazzi A, Martin-Levilain J, Supale S, Kopka J, Zamboni N, Maechler P. Metabolomics Identifies a Biomarker Revealing In Vivo Loss of Functional β-Cell Mass Before Diabetes Onset. Diabetes 2019; 68:2272-2286. [PMID: 31537525 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Identification of individuals with decreased functional β-cell mass is essential for the prevention of diabetes. However, in vivo detection of early asymptomatic β-cell defect remains unsuccessful. Metabolomics has emerged as a powerful tool in providing readouts of early disease states before clinical manifestation. We aimed at identifying novel plasma biomarkers for loss of functional β-cell mass in the asymptomatic prediabetes stage. Nontargeted and targeted metabolomics were applied in both lean β-Phb2-/- (β-cell-specific prohibitin-2 knockout) mice and obese db/db (leptin receptor mutant) mice, two distinct mouse models requiring neither chemical nor dietary treatments to induce spontaneous decline of functional β-cell mass promoting progressive diabetes development. Nontargeted metabolomics on β-Phb2-/- mice identified 48 and 82 significantly affected metabolites in liver and plasma, respectively. Machine learning analysis pointed to deoxyhexose sugars consistently reduced at the asymptomatic prediabetes stage, including in db/db mice, showing strong correlation with the gradual loss of β-cells. Further targeted metabolomics by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry uncovered the identity of the deoxyhexose, with 1,5-anhydroglucitol displaying the most substantial changes. In conclusion, this study identified 1,5-anhydroglucitol as associated with the loss of functional β-cell mass and uncovered metabolic similarities between liver and plasma, providing insights into the systemic effects caused by early decline in β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzi Li
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Centre, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty Diabetes Centre, University of Geneva Medical Centre, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Petra Krznar
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- PhD Program in Systems Biology, Life Science Zurich Graduate School, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Erban
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andrea Agazzi
- Theoretical Physics Department, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Juliette Martin-Levilain
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Centre, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty Diabetes Centre, University of Geneva Medical Centre, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sachin Supale
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Centre, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty Diabetes Centre, University of Geneva Medical Centre, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nicola Zamboni
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Maechler
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Centre, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty Diabetes Centre, University of Geneva Medical Centre, Geneva, Switzerland
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Liu G, Lee DP, Schmidt E, Prasad GL. Pathway Analysis of Global Metabolomic Profiles Identified Enrichment of Caffeine, Energy, and Arginine Metabolism in Smokers but Not Moist Snuff Consumers. Bioinform Biol Insights 2019; 13:1177932219882961. [PMID: 31666793 PMCID: PMC6798164 DOI: 10.1177/1177932219882961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing US epidemiological data demonstrate that consumption of smokeless
tobacco, particularly moist snuff, is less harmful than cigarette smoking.
However, the molecular and biochemical changes due to moist snuff consumption
relative to smoking remain incompletely understood. We previously reported that
smokers (SMK) exhibit elevated oxidative stress and inflammation relative to
moist snuff consumers (MSC) and non-tobacco consumers (NTC), based on
metabolomic profiling data of saliva, plasma, and urine from MSC, SMK, and NTC.
In this study, we investigated the effects of tobacco consumption on additional
metabolic pathways using pathway-based analysis tools. To this end, metabolic
pathway enrichment analysis and topology analysis were performed through
pair-wise comparisons of global metabolomic profiles of SMK, MSC, and NTC. The
analyses identified >8 significantly perturbed metabolic pathways in SMK
compared with NTC and MSC in all 3 matrices. Among these differentially enriched
pathways, perturbations of caffeine metabolism, energy metabolism, and arginine
metabolism were mostly observed. In comparison, fewer enriched metabolic
pathways were identified in MSC compared with NTC (5 in plasma, none in urine
and saliva). This is consistent with our transcriptomics profiling results that
show no significant differences in peripheral blood mononuclear cell gene
expression between MSC and NTC. These findings, taken together with our previous
biochemical, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analysis results, provide a better
understanding of the relative changes in healthy tobacco consumers, and
demonstrate that chronic cigarette smoking, relative to the use of smokeless
tobacco, results in more pronounced biological changes, which could culminate in
smoking-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- RAI Services Company, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | | | - G L Prasad
- RAI Services Company, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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O'Connor S, Greffard K, Leclercq M, Julien P, Weisnagel SJ, Gagnon C, Droit A, Bilodeau J, Rudkowska I. Increased Dairy Product Intake Alters Serum Metabolite Profiles in Subjects at Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900126. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah O'Connor
- Endocrinology and Nephrology UnitCHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research Center 2705 Laurier Boulevard G1V 4G2 Québec Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of MedicineUniversité Laval 1050 de la Médecine Avenue G1V 0A6 Québec Canada
| | - Karine Greffard
- Endocrinology and Nephrology UnitCHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research Center 2705 Laurier Boulevard G1V 4G2 Québec Canada
| | - Mickael Leclercq
- Endocrinology and Nephrology UnitCHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research Center 2705 Laurier Boulevard G1V 4G2 Québec Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversité Laval 1050 de la Médecine Avenue G1V 0A6 Québec Canada
| | - Pierre Julien
- Endocrinology and Nephrology UnitCHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research Center 2705 Laurier Boulevard G1V 4G2 Québec Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversité Laval 1050 de la Médecine Avenue G1V 0A6 Québec Canada
| | - Stanley John Weisnagel
- Endocrinology and Nephrology UnitCHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research Center 2705 Laurier Boulevard G1V 4G2 Québec Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversité Laval 1050 de la Médecine Avenue G1V 0A6 Québec Canada
| | - Claudia Gagnon
- Endocrinology and Nephrology UnitCHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research Center 2705 Laurier Boulevard G1V 4G2 Québec Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversité Laval 1050 de la Médecine Avenue G1V 0A6 Québec Canada
| | - Arnaud Droit
- Endocrinology and Nephrology UnitCHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research Center 2705 Laurier Boulevard G1V 4G2 Québec Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversité Laval 1050 de la Médecine Avenue G1V 0A6 Québec Canada
| | - Jean‐François Bilodeau
- Endocrinology and Nephrology UnitCHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research Center 2705 Laurier Boulevard G1V 4G2 Québec Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversité Laval 1050 de la Médecine Avenue G1V 0A6 Québec Canada
| | - Iwona Rudkowska
- Endocrinology and Nephrology UnitCHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research Center 2705 Laurier Boulevard G1V 4G2 Québec Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of MedicineUniversité Laval 1050 de la Médecine Avenue G1V 0A6 Québec Canada
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Selvin E, Wang D, McEvoy JW, Juraschek SP, Lazo M, Hamet P, Cooper M, Marre M, Williams B, Harrap S, Chalmers J, Woodward M. Response of 1,5-anhydroglucitol level to intensive glucose- and blood-pressure lowering interventions, and its associations with clinical outcomes in the ADVANCE trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2019; 21:2017-2023. [PMID: 31050156 PMCID: PMC6620118 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) according to clinical outcomes and assess the effects of glucose- and blood pressure-lowering interventions on change in 1,5-AG levels in people with type 2 diabetes. METHODS We measured 1,5-AG in 6826 stored samples at baseline and in a random subsample of 684 participants at the 1-year follow-up visit in the ADVANCE trial. We examined baseline 1,5-AG [< 39.7, 39.7-66.2, ≥ 66.2 μmol/L (<6, 6-10, ≥10 μg/mL)] and microvascular and macrovascular events and mortality using Cox regression models during 5 years of follow-up. Using an intention-to-treat approach, we examined 1-year change in 1,5-AG (mean and percent) in response to the glucose- and blood pressure-lowering interventions in the subsample. RESULTS Low 1,5-AG level [<39.7 μmol/L vs ≥ 66.2 μmol/L (<6 μg/mL vs ≥10 μg/mL)] was associated with microvascular events (hazard ratio 1.28, 95% confidence interval 1.03-1.60) after adjustment for risk factors and baseline glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c); however, the associations for macrovascular events and mortality were not independent of HbA1c. The glucose-lowering intervention was associated with a significant 1-year increase in 1,5-AG (vs standard control) of 6.69 μmol/L (SE 2.52) [1.01 μg/mL (SE 0.38)], corresponding to an 8.26% (SE 0.10%) increase from baseline. We also observed an increase in 1,5-AG of similar magnitude in response to the blood pressure intervention independent of the glucose-lowering effect. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that 1,5-AG is a marker of risk in adults with type 2 diabetes, but only for microvascular events independently of HbA1c. We found that 1,5-AG was improved (increased) in response to an intensive glucose-lowering intervention, although the independent effect of the blood pressure-lowering intervention on 1,5-AG suggests potential non-glycaemic influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Selvin
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John William McEvoy
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway Campus, and National Institute for Preventive Cardiology, Galway, Ireland
| | - Stephen P. Juraschek
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Division of General Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mariana Lazo
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pavel Hamet
- Center de Rechercher, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montré al, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mark Cooper
- Diabetes Department, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michel Marre
- Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris, France, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, and INSERM U 1138, Paris, France
| | - Bryan Williams
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Stephen Harrap
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John Chalmers
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark Woodward
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Sakasai-Sakai A, Takata T, Suzuki H, Maruyama I, Motomiya Y, Takeuchi M. Immunological evidence for in vivo production of novel advanced glycation end-products from 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose, a glycogen metabolite. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10194. [PMID: 31308400 PMCID: PMC6629992 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46333-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The anhydrofructose pathway is an alternate pathway for glycogen degradation by α-1,4-glucan lyase. The sugar 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose (1,5-AF) acts as the central intermediate of this pathway, but its physiological role of in mammals is unclear. Glycation reactions forming advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are important in the development of complications of diabetes mellitus. We hypothesized that 1,5-AF may contribute to cellular damage by forming 1,5-AF-derived AGEs (AF-AGEs) with intracellular proteins. To clarify the role of 1,5-AF in protein modification, we created a novel antibody targeting AF-AGEs. Serum albumin modified by AF-AGEs was prepared by incubating rabbit serum albumin (RSA) or bovine serum albumin (BSA) with 1,5-AF. After immunizing rabbits with AF-AGEs-RSA, affinity chromatography of anti-AF-AGE antiserum was performed on a Sepharose 4B column coupled with AF-AGEs-BSA or N-(carboxymethyl)/N-(carboxyethyl)lysine-BSA. A novel immunopurified anti-AF-AGE antibody was obtained and was characterized using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Then an AF-AGEs assay was established using this immunopurified antibody. This assay was able to detect AF-AGEs in human and animal serum samples. Finally, intracellular accumulation of AF-AGEs was shown to be associated with damage to cultured hepatocytes (HepG2 cells). This is the first report about in vivo detection of AF-AGEs with a novel structural epitope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Sakasai-Sakai
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada-machi, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Takanobu Takata
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada-machi, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Suzuki
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1181, Japan
| | - Ikuro Maruyama
- Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | | | - Masayoshi Takeuchi
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada-machi, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan.
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Diamanti K, Cavalli M, Pan G, Pereira MJ, Kumar C, Skrtic S, Grabherr M, Risérus U, Eriksson JW, Komorowski J, Wadelius C. Intra- and inter-individual metabolic profiling highlights carnitine and lysophosphatidylcholine pathways as key molecular defects in type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9653. [PMID: 31273253 PMCID: PMC6609645 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45906-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) mellitus is a complex metabolic disease commonly caused by insulin resistance in several tissues. We performed a matched two-dimensional metabolic screening in tissue samples from 43 multi-organ donors. The intra-individual analysis was assessed across five key metabolic tissues (serum, visceral adipose tissue, liver, pancreatic islets and skeletal muscle), and the inter-individual across three different groups reflecting T2D progression. We identified 92 metabolites differing significantly between non-diabetes and T2D subjects. In diabetes cases, carnitines were significantly higher in liver, while lysophosphatidylcholines were significantly lower in muscle and serum. We tracked the primary tissue of origin for multiple metabolites whose alterations were reflected in serum. An investigation of three major stages spanning from controls, to pre-diabetes and to overt T2D indicated that a subset of lysophosphatidylcholines was significantly lower in the muscle of pre-diabetes subjects. Moreover, glycodeoxycholic acid was significantly higher in liver of pre-diabetes subjects while additional increase in T2D was insignificant. We confirmed many previously reported findings and substantially expanded on them with altered markers for early and overt T2D. Overall, the analysis of this unique dataset can increase the understanding of the metabolic interplay between organs in the development of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klev Diamanti
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marco Cavalli
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gang Pan
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria J Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chanchal Kumar
- Translational Science & Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated CardioMetabolic Center (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine, Novum, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Stanko Skrtic
- Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, AstraZeneca AB, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Manfred Grabherr
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Komorowski
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Institute of Computer Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Claes Wadelius
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Sanjeevi N, Lipsky LM, Nansel TR. Hyperglycemia and Carotenoid Intake Are Associated with Serum Carotenoids in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes. J Acad Nutr Diet 2019; 119:1340-1348. [PMID: 31101482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum carotenoids are commonly used as biomarkers of fruit and vegetable (F/V) intake in the general population. Although hyperglycemia induces oxidative stress, it is unknown whether this pathway is associated with lower serum carotenoid concentrations in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Consequently, the utility of serum carotenoids as markers of F/V intake in individuals with type 1 diabetes is unclear. OBJECTIVE The study objectives were: 1) to investigate the relationship of glycemic control, oxidative stress, dietary carotenoid and F/V intake with serum carotenoid concentrations in youth with type 1 diabetes and 2) to determine whether glycemic control or oxidative stress moderates the association of carotenoid and F/V intake with serum carotenoids. DESIGN The study was a secondary analysis of baseline data from youth with type 1 diabetes. Blood samples were drawn from youth with type 1 diabetes to assess carotenoids and markers of glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin and 1,5-anhydroglucitol); urine samples were used to assess oxidative stress (8-iso-prostaglandin F2α); and 3-day diet records completed by families were used to determine F/V and carotenoid intake. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING The study participants were youth with type 1 diabetes (n=136; age range: 8 to 16.9 years; diabetes duration ≥1 year; glycated hemoglobin: 5.8% to 11.9%) enrolled in a nutrition intervention trial from 2010 to 2013 at a tertiary diabetes center in Boston, MA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Serum carotenoids (total carotenoids and α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene, β-cryptoxanthin, and lutein+zeaxanthin). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Regression analyses were used to estimate the association of glycemic control, oxidative stress, F/V and carotenoid intake with serum carotenoids, as well as the role of glycemic control and oxidative stress in moderating diet-serum carotenoid associations. RESULTS Greater F/V intake (β=0.35, P<0.001) and carotenoid intake (β=0.28, P<0.01) were associated with higher total serum carotenoids, and no moderation by glycemic control or oxidative stress was observed. Greater hyperglycemia, as indicated by lower 1,5-anhydroglucitol (β=0.27, P<0.01), was related to lower serum carotenoids; however, glycated hemoglobin was not associated with serum carotenoids. 8-Iso-prostaglandin F2α was not associated with glycemic control or serum carotenoids. CONCLUSIONS Findings support the validity of serum carotenoids as markers of F/V and carotenoid intake in youth with type 1 diabetes.
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Pramodkumar TA, Jayashri R, Gokulakrishnan K, Velmurugan K, Pradeepa R, Venkatesan U, Saravanan P, Uma R, Anjana RM, Mohan V. 1,5 Anhydroglucitol in gestational diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complications 2019; 33:231-235. [PMID: 30594413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 1,5 Anhydroglucitol (1,5 AG) is reported to be a more sensitive marker of glucose variability and short-term glycemic control (1-2 weeks) in patients with type1 and type 2 diabetes. However, the role of 1,5 AG in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is not clear. We estimated the serum levels of 1,5 AG in pregnant women with and without GDM. METHODS We recruited 220 pregnant women, 145 without and 75 with GDM visiting antenatal clinics in Tamil Nadu in South India. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) were carried out using 82.5 g oral glucose (equivalent to 75 g of anhydrous glucose) and GDM was diagnosed based on the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group criteria. Serum 1,5 AG levels were measured using an enzymatic, colorimetric assay kit (Glycomark®, New York, NY). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify 1,5 AG cut-off points to identify GDM. RESULTS The mean levels of the 1,5 AG were significantly lower in women with GDM (11.8 ± 5.7 μg/mL, p < 0.001) compared to women without GDM (16.2 ± 6.2 μg/mL). In multiple logistic regression analysis, 1.5 AG showed a significant association with GDM (odds ratio [OR]: 0.876, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.812-0.944, p < 0.001) after adjusting for potential confounders. 1,5 AG had a C statistic of 0.693 compared to Fructosamine (0.671) and HbA1c (0.581) for identifying GDM. A 1,5 AG cut-off of 13.21 μg/mL had a C statistic of 0.6936 (95% CI: 0.6107-0.7583, p < 0.001), sensitivity of 67.6%, and specificity of 65.3% to identify GDM. CONCLUSION 1,5AG levels are lower in pregnant women with GDM compared to individuals without GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thyparambil Aravindakshan Pramodkumar
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India
| | - Ramamoorthy Jayashri
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India
| | - Kuppan Gokulakrishnan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India
| | - Kaliyaperumal Velmurugan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India
| | - Rajendra Pradeepa
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India
| | - Ulagamathesan Venkatesan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India
| | - Ponnusamy Saravanan
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Ram Uma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seethapathy Clinic and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ranjit Mohan Anjana
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India.
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Sydow K, Kueting T, Musshoff F, Madea B, Hess C. 1,5-Anhydro-d-glucitol in vitreous humor and cerebrospinal fluid — A helpful tool for identification of diabetes and diabetic coma post mortem. Forensic Sci Int 2018; 289:397-407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Vajravelu ME, Lee JM. Identifying Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes in Asymptomatic Youth: Should HbA1c Be Used as a Diagnostic Approach? Curr Diab Rep 2018; 18:43. [PMID: 29868987 PMCID: PMC7799173 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-018-1012-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Because the incidence of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes in children is rising, routine screening of those at risk is recommended. In 2010, the ADA made the recommendation to include hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) as a diagnostic test for diabetes, in addition to the oral glucose tolerance test or fasting plasma glucose. Our objective was to assess the pediatric literature with regard to HbA1c test performance and discuss advantages and disadvantages of use of the test for diagnostic purposes. RECENT FINDINGS HbA1c has a number of advantages, including elimination of the need for fasting, lower variability, assay standardization, and long-term association with future development of diabetes. It also has many drawbacks. It can be affected by a number of non-glycemic factors, including red blood cell turnover, hemoglobinopathies, medications, race, and age. In particular, it performs differently in children compared with adults, generally with lower sensitivity for prediabetes (as low as 0-5% in children vs 23-27% in adults) and lower area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) (0.53 vs 0.73 for prediabetes), and it has lower efficacy at a higher cost, compared with other tests of glycemia. Finally, HbA1c may perform very differently across diverse populations according to race/ethnicity; in Chinese populations, the proportion of individuals classified with prediabetes based on HbA1c predominates compared with IFG (77% for HbA1c vs 27.7% for IFG), whereas in US populations, it is the opposite (24.8% for HbA1c vs 80.1% for FPG). HbA1c is controversial because although it is convenient, it is not a true measure of glycemia. The interpretation of HbA1c results requires a nuanced understanding that many primary care physicians who are ordering the test in greater numbers do not possess. Alternative markers of glycemia may hold promise for the future but are not yet endorsed for use in practice. Further studies are needed to determine appropriate thresholds for screening tests and the long-term impact of screening and identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ellen Vajravelu
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 11NW30, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Joyce M Lee
- University of Michigan, 300 NIB, Room 6E14, Campus Box 5456, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Colorimetric detection of 1,5-anhydroglucitol based on graphene quantum dots and enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 112:1217-1224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.02.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Seridi L, Leo GC, Dohm GL, Pories WJ, Lenhard J. Time course metabolome of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass confirms correlation between leptin, body weight and the microbiome. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198156. [PMID: 29851973 PMCID: PMC5979615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is an effective way to lose weight and reverse type 2 diabetes. We profiled the metabolome of 18 obese patients (nine euglycemic and nine diabetics) that underwent RYGB surgery and seven lean subjects. Plasma samples from the obese patients were collected before the surgery and one week and three months after the surgery. We analyzed the metabolome in association to five hormones (Adiponectin, Insulin, Ghrelin, Leptin, and Resistin), four peptide hormones (GIP, Glucagon, GLP1, and PYY), and two cytokines (IL-6 and TNF). PCA showed samples cluster by surgery time and many microbially driven metabolites (indoles in particular) correlated with the three months after the surgery. Network analysis of metabolites revealed a connection between carbohydrate (mannosamine and glucosamine) and glyoxylate and confirms glyoxylate association to diabetes. Only leptin and IL-6 had a significant association with the measured metabolites. Leptin decreased immediately after RYGB (before significant weight loss), whereas IL-6 showed no consistent response to RYGB. Moreover, leptin associated with tryptophan in support of the possible role of leptin in the regulation of serotonin synthesis pathways in the gut. These results suggest a potential link between gastric leptin and microbial-derived metabolites in the context of obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loqmane Seridi
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Gregory C. Leo
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - G. Lynis Dohm
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Walter J. Pories
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - James Lenhard
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Heller S, Bowering K, Raskin P, Liebl A, Buchholtz K, Gorst‐Rasmussen A, Pieber TR. The effect of basal-bolus therapy varies with baseline 1,5-anhydroglucitol level in people with Type 2 diabetes: a post hoc analysis. Diabet Med 2018; 35:1273-1278. [PMID: 29802636 PMCID: PMC6099439 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the impact of baseline 1,5-anhydroglucitol on the treatment effect of basal-bolus therapy in people with Type 2 diabetes. METHODS Post hoc analysis of onset 3, an 18-week, randomized, phase 3 trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of fast-acting insulin aspart in basal-bolus therapy (n = 116) vs. basal insulin-only therapy (n = 120) in people with Type 2 diabetes. The estimated treatment difference in change from baseline in HbA1c was investigated for different cut-off values of baseline 1,5-anhydroglucitol (2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 μg/ml). RESULTS The estimated treatment difference in change from baseline in HbA1c between basal-bolus therapy and basal insulin-only therapy was statistically significantly greater in participants with baseline 1,5-anhydroglucitol ≤3 μg/ml (n = 34) vs. >3 μg/ml (n = 198) [estimated treatment difference (95% CI): -1.53% (-2.12; -0.94) vs. -0.82% (-1.07; -0.57); P-value for interaction = 0.03]. The estimated treatment difference became more pronounced when comparing participants with 1,5-anhydroglucitol ≤2 μg/ml (n = 15) vs. >2 μg/ml (n = 217) [estimated treatment difference (95% CI): -2.26% (-3.15; -1.36) vs. -0.85% (-1.08; -0.62); P-value for interaction = 0.003]. For cut-off values ≥4 μg/ml, estimated treatment differences were numerically greater below the cut-off compared with above, although the interaction terms were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION This analysis indicates that people with Type 2 diabetes with low 1,5-anhydroglucitol have an added treatment benefit with basal-bolus therapy compared with people with higher 1,5-anhydroglucitol. Further research is needed to clarify any clinical utility of these findings. Clinical Trials Registry No: NCT01850615.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Heller
- Academic Unit of DiabetesEndocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - K. Bowering
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of MedicineUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - P. Raskin
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
| | - A. Liebl
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolismm&i‐Fachklinik Bad HeilbrunnBad HeilbrunnGermany
| | | | | | - T. R. Pieber
- Division of Endocrinology and DiabetologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
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Sydow K, Wiedfeld C, Musshoff F, Madea B, Tschoepe D, Stratmann B, Hess C. Evaluation of 1,5-anhydro-d-glucitol in clinical and forensic urine samples. Forensic Sci Int 2018; 287:88-97. [PMID: 29655100 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Because of the lack of characteristic morphological findings post mortem diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and identification of diabetic coma can be complicated. 1,5-Anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG), the 1-deoxy form of glucose, competes with glucose for renal reabsorption. Therefore low serum concentrations of 1,5-AG, reflect hyperglycemic excursions over the prior 1-2 weeks in diabetic patients. Next to clinical applications determination of 1,5-AG can also be used in forensic analysis. To investigate the elimination of 1,5-AG, a liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric method for the determination of 1,5-AG and creatinine in urine was developed and validated according to international guidelines. To evaluate ante mortem concentrations of 1,5-AG spot urine samples of 30 healthy subjects, 46 type 1 and 46 type 2 diabetic patients were analyzed. 1,5-AG urine concentrations of diabetic patients were significantly (p<0.001) lower (mean: 1.54μg/ml, n=92) compared to concentrations of healthy subjects (mean: 4.76μg/ml, n=30) which led to the idea that 1,5-AG urine concentrations post mortem might help in the interpretation of a diabetic coma post mortem. Urine of 47 deceased non-diabetics, 37 deceased diabetic and 9 cases of diabetic coma were measured. Comparison of blood and urine 1,5-AG concentrations in clinic samples (linear, R2=0.13) and forensic samples (linear, R2=0.02) showed no correlation. Urinary levels of 1,5-AG in deceased diabetic (mean 6.9μg/ml) and in non-diabetic patients (mean 6.3μg/ml) did not show a significant difference (p=0.752). However, urinary 1,5-AG concentrations in deceased due to diabetic coma (mean: 1.7μg/ml) were significantly lower than in non-diabetic (mean: 6.3μg/ml, p=0.039) and lower than in diabetic cases (mean: 4.7μg/ml, p=0.058). The determination of a reliable cut-off for the differentiation of diabetic to diabetic coma cases was not possible. Normalization of urinary 1,5-AG concentrations with the respective creatinine concentrations did not show any gain of information. In clinical (serum) and forensic blood samples a significant difference between all groups could be detected (p<0.05). Comparison of blood and urine 1,5-AG concentrations in clinical samples (linear, R2=0.13) and forensic samples (linear, R2=0.02) showed no correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Sydow
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bonn, Stiftsplatz 12, D-53111 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Christopher Wiedfeld
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bonn, Stiftsplatz 12, D-53111 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Frank Musshoff
- Forensic Toxicological Center, Bayerstraße 53, 80335 Munich, Germany.
| | - Burkhard Madea
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bonn, Stiftsplatz 12, D-53111 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Diethelm Tschoepe
- Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Georgstraße 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Bernd Stratmann
- Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Georgstraße 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Cornelius Hess
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bonn, Stiftsplatz 12, D-53111 Bonn, Germany.
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Ying L, Ma X, Yin J, Wang Y, He X, Peng J, Bao Y, Zhou J, Jia W. The metabolism and transport of 1,5-anhydroglucitol in cells. Acta Diabetol 2018; 55:279-286. [PMID: 29318370 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-017-1093-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Our previous studies demonstrated that serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) levels increased slightly rather than declined after an acute glucose load. Therefore, the current study aims at exploring the transport and metabolic characteristics of 1,5-AG, as well as the effect of glucose on 1,5-AG transport. METHODS Km and Vmax were determined to measure the affinity of glucose oxidase (GOD) and hexokinase (HK) for 1,5-AG and glucose. HepG2, C2C12, and primary mouse hepatocytes were incubated for 2 h with 1,5-AG at concentrations of 0, 80, and 160 μg/mL. Then, intracellular and extracellular concentrations of 1,5-AG were measured before and after washing with PBS to evaluate the transport and metabolic rates of 1,5-AG. In addition, the influence of an acute glucose load on the transport of 1,5-AG was studied. RESULTS The affinity of GOD and HK for 1,5-AG is 5 and 42.5% of that for glucose, respectively. Moreover, there is no de novo synthesis of 1,5-AG, and its metabolic rate is < 3%. After a 2 h incubation with additional 1,5-AG, the intracellular levels of 1,5-AG were 50-80% of extracellular levels. Moreover, intracellular 1,5-AG concentrations decreased rapidly and reached zero following the removal of 1,5-AG from the external medium. In addition, an acute glucose load can affect the dynamic balance of 1,5-AG, causing the intracellular 1,5-AG levels to decline significantly and the extracellular levels to increase slightly in HepG2 cells. CONCLUSIONS Unlike glucose, 1,5-AG is hard to be metabolized in vivo, and its transport is influenced by an acute glucose load in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingwen Ying
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xingxing He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jiahui Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yuqian Bao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Weiping Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
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Ouchi S, Shimada K, Miyazaki T, Takahashi S, Sugita Y, Shimizu M, Murata A, Kadoguchi T, Kato T, Aikawa T, Suda S, Sai E, Hiki M, Iwata H, Kasai T, Miyauchi K, Daida H. Low 1,5-anhydroglucitol levels are associated with long-term cardiac mortality in acute coronary syndrome patients with hemoglobin A1c levels less than 7.0. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2017; 16:151. [PMID: 29157245 PMCID: PMC5696682 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-017-0636-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is considered an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. High hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, which indicate poor glycemic control, have been associated with occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. There are few parameters which can predict cardiovascular risk in patients with well-controlled diabetes. Low 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) levels are considered a clinical marker of postprandial hyperglycemia. We hypothesized that low 1,5-AG levels could predict long-term mortality in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with relatively low HbA1c levels. METHODS The present study followed a retrospective observational study design. We enrolled 388 consecutive patients with ACS admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit at the Juntendo University Hospital from January 2011 to December 2013. Levels of 1,5-AG were measured immediately before emergency coronary angiography. Patients with early stent thrombosis, no significant coronary artery stenosis, malignancy, liver cirrhosis, a history of gastrectomy, current steroid treatment, moderately to severely reduced kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate < 45 ml/min/1.73 m2; chronic kidney disease stage 3B, 4, and 5), HbA1c levels ≥ 7.0%, and those who received sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor therapy were excluded. RESULTS During the 46.9-month mean follow-up period, nine patients (4.5%) died of cardiovascular disease. The 1,5-AG level was significantly lower in the cardiac death group compared with that in the survivor group (12.3 ± 5.3 vs. 19.2 ± 7.7 µg/ml, p < 0.01). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that low 1,5-AG levels were associated with cardiac mortality (p = 0.02). Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that 1,5-AG levels were an independent predictor of cardiac mortality (hazard ratio 0.76; 95% confidence interval 0.41-0.98; p = 0.03). CONCLUSION Low 1,5-AG levels, which indicate postprandial hyperglycemia, predict long-term cardiac mortality even in ACS patients with HbA1c levels < 7.0%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Ouchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Kazunori Shimada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Tetsuro Miyazaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Shuhei Takahashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Yurina Sugita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Megumi Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Azusa Murata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Kadoguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Takao Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Tatsuro Aikawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Shoko Suda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Eiryu Sai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Masaru Hiki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iwata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Takatoshi Kasai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Katsumi Miyauchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Daida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
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Chan CL, Pyle L, Kelsey M, Newnes L, Baumgartner A, Zeitler PS, Nadeau KJ. Alternate glycemic markers reflect glycemic variability in continuous glucose monitoring in youth with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2017; 18:629-636. [PMID: 27873436 PMCID: PMC5440227 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether the alternate glycemic markers, fructosamine (FA), glycated albumin (GA), and 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5AG), predict glycemic variability captured by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in obese youth with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D). STUDY DESIGN Youth with BMI ≥85th%ile, 10-18 years, had collection of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), FA, GA, and 1,5AG and 72 hours of CGM. Participants with HbA1c ≥5.7% were included. Relationships between glycemic markers and CGM variables were determined with Spearman correlation coefficients. Linear models were used to examine the association between alternate markers and CGM measures of glycemic variability-standard deviation (SD) and mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE)-after controlling for HbA1c. RESULTS Total n = 56; Median (25th%ile, 75th%ile) age = 14.3 years (12.5, 15.9), 32% male, 64% Hispanic, 20% black, 13% white, HbA1c = 5.9% (5.8, 6.3), FA=211 mmol/L (200, 226), GA= 12% (11%, 12%), and 1,5AG = 22mcg/mL (19, 26). HbA1c correlated with average sensor glucose, AUC, SD, MAGE, and %time > 140 mg/dL. FA and GA correlated with average and peak sensor glucose, %time >140 and >200 mg/dL, and MAGE. GA also correlated with SD and AUC180. 1,5AG correlated with peak glucose, AUC180, SD, and MAGE. After adjusting for HbA1c, all 3 markers independently predicted MAGE; FA and GA independently predicted SD. CONCLUSIONS Alternate glycemic markers predict glycemic variability as measured by CGM in youth with prediabetes and T2D. After adjusting for HbA1c, these alternate markers continued to predict components of glycemic variability detected by CGM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine L. Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Laura Pyle
- Department of Pediatrics, Administrative Division, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045,Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Megan Kelsey
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Lindsey Newnes
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Amy Baumgartner
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Philip S. Zeitler
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Kristen J. Nadeau
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
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50
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Serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol when used with fasting plasma glucose improves the efficiency of diabetes screening in a Chinese population. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11968. [PMID: 28931928 PMCID: PMC5607288 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12210-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) levels can not only accurately reflect the mean blood glucose over the previous 1–2 weeks in diabetic patients but also offers the advantage of representing postprandial glucose. To evaluate the clinical significance of 1,5-AG in diabetes detection, especially when used in combination with fasting plasma glucose (FPG), a total of 3098 participants at high risk for diabetes (1467 men, 1631 women) were enrolled. A total of 1471 (47.5%) participants were diagnosed with diabetes, and the mean 1,5-AG level in the diabetic group was significantly lower than that in non-diabetic group [12.5 (7.8–17.5) μg/mL vs. 20.5 (15.3–26.4) μg/mL, P < 0.001]. The optimal cut-off point was 15.9 μg/mL, for which the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) were 69.2%, 72.3%, and 0.781, respectively. For the combination of FPG and 1,5-AG, the sensitivity, specificity, and AUC improved to 82.5%, 83.5%, and 0.912, respectively. This method helped 75.8% of the participants avoid an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), reducing the need to carry out the OGTT by 43.9% compared to the use of the FPG criterion only. In conclusion, the addition of FPG to serum 1,5-AG improves the efficiency of diabetes screening in the Chinese population.
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