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Rodriguez-Pazmiño AS, Brito CM, Salas-Rueda M, Orlando SA, Garcia-Bereguiain MA. A first insight into seropositivity of Neospora caninum and associated risk factors in free-roaming dogs from Ecuador. Acta Trop 2024; 256:107245. [PMID: 38761834 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Neosporosis is a worldwide parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Neospora caninum. It can cause economic losses to farmers due to its relationship with abortions and neonatal mortality in cows. Dogs play a key role in its spread as they are considered definitive hosts. In this study, we determined for the first time the seropositivity of N. caninum infection in dogs from Ecuador and evaluated potential risk factors. A total number of 339 free-roaming dogs from the three main regions of Ecuador (Coastal, Andean, and Amazonian regions) were included in the study and classified either as urban or rural dogs. Serum samples were collected from November 2018 to May 2019, and analyzed with a commercial ELISA test. An overall seropositivity of 6.8 % (CI: 95 %, 2.8 % - 11.7 %) was found in N. caninum infection with no statistical differences among regions or urban/rural dogs. This is the first surveillance of N. caninum in Ecuador, confirming a country-wide distribution of this pathogen. Considering the large populations of free-roaming dogs in Ecuador, a One Health approach for surveillance and managing N. caninum in dogs is needed to protect either livestock or wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla M Brito
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador; Yachay Tech University, Urcuquí, Ecuador
| | | | - Solon Alberto Orlando
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública e Investigación, Guayaquil, Ecuador; Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil, Ecuador
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Turlewicz-Podbielska H, Ruszkowski JJ, Wojciechowski J, Pomorska-Mól M. Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in pet cats, dogs and rabbits from urban areas of Poland. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:37. [PMID: 38297328 PMCID: PMC10829371 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03894-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neospora caninum (N. caninum) has a broad intermediate host range and might cause multisystemic lesions in various species of animals. Dogs are both intermediate and definitive hosts of the parasite and play a crucial role in the horizontal transmission of this protozoan to other animals. Cats and rabbits could be sensitive to infection with N. caninum, however, clinical symptoms and the exact route of infection in these species are unknown. The epidemiology of N. caninum in cats and rabbits has been barely researched, and there is no published record of the seroprevalence of N. caninum infection in these species in Poland. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the frequency of seroreagents for N. caninum within pet dogs, cats and rabbits from urban areas of Poland and to identify possible risk factors for these animals. RESULTS In total, serum samples from 184 cats (Felis catus), 203 dogs (Canis familiaris) and 70 rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were used in the study. The seroprevalence of anti-N. caninum antibodies in dogs and cats reached 1.0% (2/203; 95% CI: 0.3-3.5) and 3.3% (6/184; 95% CI: 1.5-6.9), respectively. No significant differences in seroprevalence regarding age group, gender, symptoms or sampling location were found. All 70 samples from pet rabbits were negative for anti-N. caninum antibodies. CONCLUSIONS The seroprevalence rates of N. caninum in dogs and cats in the present study were low, however, our results confirmed N. caninum circulates among dog and cat populations in Poland, and neosporosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of neuro-muscular disorders in these species. This is the first serological survey of N. caninum in European pet cats and rabbits. The role of pet rabbits in N. caninum epidemiology and circulation in Poland is marginal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Turlewicz-Podbielska
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 35, 60‑637, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jakub Jędrzej Ruszkowski
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animals Sciences, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Małgorzata Pomorska-Mól
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 35, 60‑637, Poznan, Poland.
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Huang M, Yin Y, Shi K, Zhang H, Cao X, Song X. Neospora caninum seroprevalence in water buffaloes in Guangxi, China. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:3274-3279. [PMID: 36165738 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2126369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Neospora caninum is an important obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite that causes spontaneous abortions in cattle and leads to huge economic losses to the farming industry. Although a high prevalence of N. caninum infection has been reported in Asia, data on the prevalence of water buffaloes in China remain unclear. To understand the seroprevalence of N. caninum infection in water buffaloes and its definitive host dogs in China, a total of 987 water buffalo sera from Guangxi Province were tested using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We obtained an overall seroprevalence of 50.9% (502/987) for water buffalo samples. And the positive rate was higher in border cities (56.8%, 425/748) than in central cities (32.3%, 77/239). We further tested 240 serum samples from dogs in Guangxi and found an overall prevalence of 57.9% (139/240). The high prevalence of N. caninum infection in both dogs and water buffaloes was first reported in southern China, and these data will surely contribute to the prevention and control of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yanwen Yin
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Kaichuang Shi
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xinru Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xingju Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Hamzavi Y, Salimi Y, Ahmadi M, Adimi P, Falahi S, Bozorgomid A. Global prevalence of Neospora caninum in rodents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:2192-2200. [PMID: 37417729 PMCID: PMC10508548 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neosporosis has been considered a cause of abortion in dairy and beef cattle worldwide. Rodents are reservoir hosts for several infectious diseases. It is necessary to determine the prevalence of Neospora caninum in rodents to improve the current understanding of the transmission dynamics of Neospora as well as its life cycle and risk of transmission to livestock. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to estimate the pooled global prevalence of N. caninum in different rodent species. METHODS Published studies on the prevalence of N. caninum in different rodent species were searched in the MEDLINE/PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar and the reference lists of the retrieved articles until July 30, 2022. The eligible studies were selected using inclusion and exclusion criteria. The extracted data were verified and analysed using the random-effect meta-analysis. RESULT For this meta-analysis, a total of 4372 rodents from 26 eligible studies were included. The global prevalence of N. caninum in rodents was estimated at 5% (95% CI 2%-9%), with the highest prevalence in Asia (12%; 95% CI 6%-24%) and lowest prevalence in America (3%; 95% CI 1%-14%) and Europe (3%; 95% CI 1%-6%). N. caninum was more prevalent in females (4%; 95% CI 2%-9%) than in males (3%; 95% CI 1%-11%). The most common diagnostic test was polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (21 studies). The pooled prevalence of N. caninum in rodents based on the diagnostic method was as follows: immunohistochemistry: 11% (95% CI 6%-20%), NAT: 5% (95% CI 4%-7%), IFAT: 5% (95% CI 2%-13%) and PCR: 3% (95% CI 1%-9%). CONCLUSION The results of this study showed a relatively low but widespread prevalence of N. caninum infection in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazdan Hamzavi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and MycologySchool of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Yahya Salimi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of HealthHealth Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Mobin Ahmadi
- Student Research CommitteeKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Parvaneh Adimi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of MedicineTehran Medical SciencesIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - Sahab Falahi
- Zoonotic Diseases Research CenterIlam University of Medical SciencesIlamIran
| | - Arezoo Bozorgomid
- Department of Medical Parasitology and MycologySchool of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
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Pereira MA, Nóbrega C, Mateus TL, Almeida D, Oliveira A, Coelho C, Cruz R, Oliveira P, Faustino-Rocha A, Pires MJ, Mesquita JR, Vala H. An Antibody-Based Survey of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum Infection in Client-Owned Cats from Portugal. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2327. [PMID: 37508104 PMCID: PMC10376655 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are obligate intracellular protozoan parasites infecting a wide range of hosts worldwide. However, information on the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis and neosporosis in cats from Portugal is limited. Thus, this study aims to evaluate anti-T. gondii and anti-N. caninum seroprevalence in client-owned cats from Portugal and to identify risk factors using a panel of well-characterized sera. A total of 183 domestic cats were sampled and screened for antibodies against T. gondii and N. caninum using commercial ELISA assays, and their owners answered an online questionnaire designed to obtain background information. The overall anti-T. gondii and anti-N. caninum seroprevalences were 13.1% (CI: 8.97-18.77) and 3.8% (CI: 1.87-7.68), respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that living strictly indoors was a significant protection factor (cOR: 0.053; CI: 0.005-0.627), and the presence of a chronic disease a significant risk factor (cOR: 3.106; CI: 1.062-9.082) to T. gondii seroprevalence. When performing multivariate analysis, only chronic disease (aOR: 57.527; CI: 1.7-1976.7) and seropositivity to N. caninum (aOR: 7.929; CI:0.8-82.9) were found to be a significant risk factor to anti-T. gondii antibodies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of N. caninum seropositivity in cats from Portugal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Aires Pereira
- Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, Escola Superior Agrária de Viseu, Campus Politécnico, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), R. da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
- CERNAS-IPV Research Centre, Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, Campus Politécnico, Repeses, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Carmen Nóbrega
- Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, Escola Superior Agrária de Viseu, Campus Politécnico, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Teresa L Mateus
- CISAS-Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Àlvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS) Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- EpiUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-091 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Almeida
- ICBAS-Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Oliveira
- Escola Superior Agrária de Ponte de Lima, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua D. Mendo Afonso, 147 Refóios do Lima, 4990-706 Ponte de Lima, Portugal
- Hospital Veterinário de Gaia, Rua Voltinha 82, 4415-369 Pedroso, Portugal
| | - Catarina Coelho
- Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, Escola Superior Agrária de Viseu, Campus Politécnico, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
- CERNAS-IPV Research Centre, Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, Campus Politécnico, Repeses, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS) Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rita Cruz
- Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, Escola Superior Agrária de Viseu, Campus Politécnico, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
- EpiUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-091 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Oliveira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Faustino-Rocha
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Center, Department of Zootechnics, School of Sciences and Technology, University of Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
| | - Maria J Pires
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - João R Mesquita
- EpiUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-091 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Vala
- Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, Escola Superior Agrária de Viseu, Campus Politécnico, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
- CERNAS-IPV Research Centre, Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, Campus Politécnico, Repeses, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Demattio L, Conejeros I, Grob D, Gärtner U, Taubert A, Hermosilla C, Wehrend A. Induction of NETosis in ovine colostral PMN upon exposure to Neospora caninum tachyzoites. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1176144. [PMID: 37404777 PMCID: PMC10315531 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1176144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colostrum is one of the most important factors influencing the health and development of mammalian neonates. It is well-established that leukocytes, including polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), migrate from the mother to the infant via colostrum uptake. In this study, for the first time, we studied the ability of ovine colostral-derived PMN to extrude neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) against the abortive apicomplexan parasite Neospora caninum. Although this cell population plays a significant role in the transmission of maternal innate immunity to neonates, little is known about colostral PMN activities in sheep. However, this cell population is a significant source of the transfer of maternal immunity to the neonate. Colostral PMN continues to exert immunological effects even after transitioning into the colostrum. The present study aimed to investigate the extrusion of NETs by ovine colostral PMN exposed to the apicomplexan parasite, N. caninum, which is known to cause devastating reproductive disorders in cattle, small ruminants, wildlife animals, and dogs. The present study is the first to demonstrate that ovine colostral PMN can produce NETs after stimulation with vital N. caninum tachyzoites. Ovine colostrum-derived NETs were detected by chromatin staining and antibody-based immunofluorescence staining of NET-specific structures, including neutrophil elastase (NE) and global histones (H1, H2A/H2B, H3, H4), as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Demattio
- Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Andrology of Small and Large Animals, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ivan Conejeros
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Daniela Grob
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Gärtner
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anja Taubert
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Carlos Hermosilla
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Axel Wehrend
- Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Andrology of Small and Large Animals, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Role of Felids as Intermediate Hosts in the Life Cycle of Neospora caninum Based on Serological Data. Acta Parasitol 2023; 68:266-276. [PMID: 36710305 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-023-00661-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neosporosis is an important widespread parasitic infection caused by N. caninum. It infects a wide range of warm-blooded animals as intermediate hosts and dogs as the definitive host. Nevertheless, there are a number of questions regarding the life cycle and epidemiological aspects of N. caninum. Also, the role of felids (domestic and non-domestic) in the life cycle of N. caninum has been little described. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the global prevalence of N. caninum in domestic and wild felids. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect databases were searched for articles published on the prevalence of N. caninum in felids until Aprill 2, 2022 and the reference lists of retrieved articles were screened. A random-effects meta-analysis model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence and 95% confidence interval. Heterogeneity among studies was evaluated using Cochran's Q and the I2 statistic. RESULTS After exclusion of irrelevant articles and duplication removal, 30 studies were eligible for quantitative analysis including 20 studies on domestic cats and 10 studies on wild felids. The overall prevalence of neosporosis infection in cats was 15% (95% CI 10-21%) that was significantly higher in wild felids (26%, 95% CI 13-38%) than in domestic cats (11%, 95% CI 6-16%) (P = 0.03). There was no significant difference in pooled prevalence between male and female domestic cats (P = 0.75). Regarding continent, the lowest prevalence of neosporosis infection was in Asia (9%, 95% CI 1-20%) and the highest was in North America (43.6%, 95% CI 33.9-53.2%) and Africa (18%, 95% CI 9-46%). Higher prevalence was obtained when using the NAT with 22% (95% CI 7-37%), compared to the IFAT (17%, 95% CI 9-24%) and ELISA (6%, 95% CI 2-9%) (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION The findings highlighted the importance of felids as potential intermediate hosts of neosporosis despite the fact that the source of the parasite for these animals was unknown. Further studies should be performed to investigate the role of this top predator (felids) in maintaining both domestic and sylvatic cycles of Neospora caninum.
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Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum Antibodies in Dogs and Cats from Egypt and Risk Factor Analysis. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121464. [PMID: 36558798 PMCID: PMC9785966 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are major protozoan parasites of worldwide distribution and significance in veterinary medicine and, for T. gondii, in public health. Cats and dogs, as final hosts for T. gondii and N. caninum, respectively, have a key function in environmental contamination with oocysts and, thus, in parasite transmission. Very little is known about the prevalence of T. gondii infections in dogs and cats in Egypt, and even less about the prevalence of N. caninum in the same hosts. METHODS In the current study, 223 serum samples of both dogs (n = 172) and cats (n = 51) were investigated for specific antibodies to T. gondii and N. caninum using commercially available ELISAs. A risk factor analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with seropositivity. RESULTS & DISCUSSION Exposure to T. gondii was reported in 23.3% of the dogs and in 9.8% of the cats, respectively. In addition, N. caninum-specific antibodies were recorded in 5.8% of dogs and in 3.4% of cats. A mixed infection was found in two dogs (1.2%) and in one cat (2%). Antibodies to T. gondii in dogs were significantly more frequent in dogs aged 3 years or more and in male German Shepherds. As this breed is often used as watchdogs and was the most sampled breed in Alexandria governorate, the purpose "watchdog" (compared to "stray" or "companion"), the male sex, and the governorate "Alexandria" also had a significantly higher seroprevalence for T. gondii. No factors associated with antibodies to N. caninum could be identified in dogs, and no significant factors were determined in cats for either T. gondii or N. caninum infection. Our study substantially adds to the knowledge of T. gondii infection in dogs and cats and presents data on N. caninum infection in cats for the first and in dogs in Egypt for the second time.
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Demattio L, Conejeros I, Grob D, Gärtner U, Taubert A, Hermosilla C, Wehrend A. Neospora caninum-induced NETosis in canine colostral polymorphonuclear neutrophils. J Reprod Immunol 2022; 154:103749. [PMID: 36152379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2022.103749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neospora caninum represents an obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite of the family Sarcocystidae causing severe reproductive disorders in cattle, small ruminants, wild animals and canids worldwide. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) were recently described as effective host defense mechanism of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) derived from cattle, dogs, goats and dolphins against N. caninum tachyzoites. Nonetheless, nothing is known so far on canine colostral PMN immune reactions against N. caninum although breeding bitches represent a susceptible dog cohort and infected bitches may spread tachyzoites through transplacental transmission to their offspring. Thus, isolated colostrum PMN from bitches were assessed for PMN phagocytic activities as well as NETs release against viable N. caninum tachyzoites. In vitro interactions of canine colostrum-derived PMN with tachyzoites were analyzed at different ratios and time spans. Extracellular chromatin staining was applied in order to unveil classical molecules of NETs, such as neutrophil elastase (NE), global histones (H1, H2A/H2B, H3, H4) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), via antibody-based immunofluorescence microscopy analysis. N. caninum tachyzoites induced canine NETs in colostral PMN and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed NETs formation by colostral PMN thereby ensnaring tachyzoites after exposure. In summary, NETs released from canine colostral PMN might represent an early and effective maternal defense mechanism of the definitive host helping neonates to reduce initial intracellular replication of not only parasites but of other invasive pathogens after colostrum consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Demattio
- Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Ivan Conejeros
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Daniela Grob
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Gärtner
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anja Taubert
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Carlos Hermosilla
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Axel Wehrend
- Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Mendoza-Morales LF, Lagorio V, Corigliano MG, Sánchez-López E, Ramos-Duarte VA, Clemente M, Sander VA. Neosporosis in sheep: a systematic review and meta-analysis of global seroprevalence and related risk factors. Acta Trop 2022; 233:106569. [PMID: 35752203 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neosporosis is recognized as the main cause of abortions in cattle worldwide and there is an increasing concern about its role in ovine reproductive losses; however, epidemiological studies regarding neosporosis in sheep are still limited. This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the global pooled seroprevalence and associated risk factors of ovine neosporosis. In the current report, a comprehensive strategy of search and data collection from 7 worldwide databases was performed. A final set of 73 studies (80 datasets) published from 2000 to 2021 were selected based on inclusion criteria, comprising data on 35,740 sheep (corresponding to 37,565 evaluated samples) from 30 countries worldwide. The global pooled seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infection in sheep estimated by the random-effects model was 13% (95% CI, 10-15) and showed high heterogeneity (Q = 5147.15, I2 = 98%, p< 0.001). Furthermore, by meta-analyses of subgroups it was demonstrated for the first time that seroprevalence significantly varied between continents (highest in Africa; 20%, 95% CI, 4-44), WHO regions (highest in African Region; 42%, 95% CI, 36-48), countries (highest in Colombia; 79%, 95% CI, 61-92%) and diagnostic methods (highest by IFAT; 17%, 95% CI, 12-23). Meta-regression indicated significant increasing trends in the prevalence of ovine neosporosis with decrease in geographical latitude (coefficient = -0.013; p<0.001), whereas longitude did not influence it (coefficient = -0.001; p=0.365). Regarding associated risk factors, older sheep were more likely to be infected with N. caninum than younger ones (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.08-1.87), and sheep bred under intensive or semi-intensive systems resulted less susceptible to be seropositive than those bred under extensive system (OR 0.65; 95% CI 0.42-0.99 and OR 0.74; 95% CI 0.62-0.89, respectively). Conversely, no apparent association was found between seroprevalence and other variables, such as sex (OR 1.06; 95% CI 0.9-1.24), the presence of dogs on the farm (OR 1.15; 95% CI 0.63-2.12) or the presence of abortion (OR 1.80; 95% CI 0.87-3.74). In conclusion, the seroprevalence of ovine neosporosis is widely and heterogeneously distributed throughout the world, and it is negatively associated with increasing geographical latitude. In addition, age and extensive production system represent risk factors, which suggest that the horizontal transmission route is relevant for this host species. It is recommended to pay more attention to this disease and emphasize the global need for more indexed studies concerning the seroprevalence and risk factors of ovine neosporosis to better understand the epidemiology of this coccidian infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa F Mendoza-Morales
- Laboratorio de Molecular Farming y Vacunas, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de General San Martín, Intendente Marino Km 8,2; CC 164 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valentina Lagorio
- Laboratorio de Molecular Farming y Vacunas, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de General San Martín, Intendente Marino Km 8,2; CC 164 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana G Corigliano
- Laboratorio de Molecular Farming y Vacunas, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de General San Martín, Intendente Marino Km 8,2; CC 164 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Edwin Sánchez-López
- Laboratorio de Molecular Farming y Vacunas, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de General San Martín, Intendente Marino Km 8,2; CC 164 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Víctor A Ramos-Duarte
- Laboratorio de Molecular Farming y Vacunas, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de General San Martín, Intendente Marino Km 8,2; CC 164 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Clemente
- Laboratorio de Molecular Farming y Vacunas, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de General San Martín, Intendente Marino Km 8,2; CC 164 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria A Sander
- Laboratorio de Molecular Farming y Vacunas, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de General San Martín, Intendente Marino Km 8,2; CC 164 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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11
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Albertini GM, Stabile F, Yaffy D, Suárez‐Bonnet A, Uriarte A. Correlation between magnetic resonance imaging and histological lesions in a case of meningoencephalomyelitis secondary to
Neospora caninum
infection in a greyhound. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Stabile
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Department Southfields Veterinary Specialists Southfields UK
| | - Dylan Yaffy
- Pathobiology & Population Sciences Royal Veterinary College Hatfield UK
| | | | - Ane Uriarte
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Department Southfields Veterinary Specialists Southfields UK
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12
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Towards the First Multiepitope Vaccine Candidate against Neospora caninum in Mouse Model: Immunoinformatic Standpoint. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:2644667. [PMID: 35722460 PMCID: PMC9204498 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2644667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neospora caninum is an economically significant parasite among livestock, particularly in dairy cattle herds, causing storm abortions. Vaccination seems necessary to limit the infection and its harsh consequences. This is the first steps towards developing a multiepitope vaccine candidate against N. caninum using in silico approaches. High-ranked mouse MHC-binding and shared linear B-cell epitopes from six proteins (SRS2, MIC3, MIC6, GRA1, IMP-1, and profilin) as well as IFN-γ-inducing epitopes (from SAG1) were predicted, screened, and connected together through appropriate linkers. Finally, RS-09 protein (TLR4 agonist) and histidine tag were added to N- and C-terminal of the vaccine sequence, yielding 486 residues in length. Physicochemical properties showed a stable (instability index: 27.23), highly soluble, antigenic (VaxiJen score: 0.9554), and nonallergenic candidate. Secondary structure of the multiepitope protein included 58.85% random coil, 20.99% extended strand, and 20.16% alpha helix. Also, the tertiary structure was predicted, and further analyses validated a stable interaction between the vaccine model and mouse TLR4 (binding score: -1261.6). Virtual simulation of immune profile demonstrated potently stimulated humoral (IgG+IgM) and cell-mediated (IFN-γ) responses upon multiepitope vaccine injection. Altogether, a potentially immunogenic vaccine candidate was developed using several N. caninum proteins, with the capability to elicit IFN-γ upsurge and other components of cellular immunity, and can be used in prophylactic purposes against neosporosis.
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13
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Dead or Alive? A Review of Perinatal Factors That Determine Canine Neonatal Viability. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12111402. [PMID: 35681866 PMCID: PMC9179255 DOI: 10.3390/ani12111402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The article summarizes the current knowledge on factors related to pregnancy, parturition, and newborns that affect the health status of a puppy and determine its chances for survival and development. The detailed information is provided in terms of breed predispositions, objectives of pregnancy monitoring, potential sources of complications, and veterinary advances in care and treatment of perinatal conditions. Successful pregnancy outcomes still pose challenges in veterinary neonatology; thus, publications presenting the current state of knowledge in this field are in demand. Abstract The perinatal period has a critical impact on viability of the newborns. The variety of factors that can potentially affect the health of a litter during pregnancy, birth, and the first weeks of life requires proper attention from both the breeder and the veterinarian. The health status of puppies can be influenced by various maternal factors, including breed characteristics, anatomy, quality of nutrition, delivery assistance, neonatal care, and environmental or infectious agents encountered during pregnancy. Regular examinations and pregnancy monitoring are key tools for early detection of signals that can indicate disorders even before clinical signs occur. Early detection significantly increases the chances of puppies’ survival and proper development. The purpose of the review was to summarize and discuss the complex interactions between all elements that, throughout pregnancy and the first days of life, have a tangible impact on the subsequent fate of the offspring. Many of these components continue to pose challenges in veterinary neonatology; thus, publications presenting the current state of knowledge in this field are in demand.
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14
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Coy CL, Evans JB, Lee AM, Dugat DR, Levine JM, Griffin JF. American Canine Hepatozoonosis Causes Multifocal Periosteal Proliferation on CT: A Case Report of 4 Dogs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:872778. [PMID: 35573416 PMCID: PMC9093736 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.872778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
American canine hepatozoonosis (ACH) represents an important but relatively uncommon differential diagnosis in a dog with fever, muscle wasting, profound leukocytosis, and/or musculoskeletal pain. Despite this, obtaining a definitive diagnosis can prove difficult. Peripheral blood smears and whole-blood polymerase chain reaction (PCR) rely on rare parasitemia, and the gold standard diagnostic test (skeletal muscle biopsy) is uncommonly pursued due to its invasive and costly nature. Demonstration of characteristic periosteal proliferative lesions aids diagnosis. The lesions typically involve the more proximal long bones of the appendicular skeleton. The periosteal proliferation is of currently unknown pathogenesis, but its distribution is characteristic of this disease with few differential diagnoses. This case series describes the findings on computed tomography (CT) in 4 dogs with PCR- or cytologically-confirmed Hepatozoon americanum. All dogs had multifocal, bilaterally asymmetric, irregularly marginated, non-destructive, non-articular, periosteal proliferative lesions. Recognition of this unusual CT finding and awareness of this disease could assist in the diagnosis and subsequent treatment of dogs with ACH and may offer an additional indication for CT in cases of fever, muscle wasting, and myalgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cambridge L. Coy
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jeremy B. Evans
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Alison M. Lee
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Danielle R. Dugat
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Jonathan M. Levine
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - John F. Griffin
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: John F. Griffin IV
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15
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Gharekhani J, Yakhchali M, Heidari R. Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of Neospora caninum in various hosts from Iran. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 80:101737. [PMID: 34915205 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2021.101737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Different N. caninum strains with distinct biological characteristics and pathogenicity have been introduced from various areas of the world. This study aimed to detect Neospora-infection in different hosts from Iran using the nested-Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique and to perform the phylogenetic analysis of N. caninum isolates using the Nc-5 gene. Different species of parasite hosts (cattle, dogs, rodents, cats, and birds) from the dairy farms with history of abortion with intensive breeding systems in Hamedan Province, Iran were included for sampling. The stillbirth fetuses of cattle, sheep, and goats were also collected from the slaughterhouse. The nested-PCR technique was used to identify the Neospora-DNA in the aborted fetal materials. The PCR products of the positive samples were sequenced and compared with other isolates in GenBank. Antibodies to N. caninum was found in 19.1% of dogs. Also, 11.4% of dogs were positive for Neospora-like oocysts using microscopy method. The molecular prevalence of N. caninum was 10.6% in dogs, 13.6% in cattle, 35.4% in the aborted fetuses of cows, 31.9% in rodents, 7.6% in pigeons, 1.9% in sparrows, 5.1% in cats, and 7% in the semen sample of bulls. A sampled coyote was positive while the stillbirth fetuses of sheep and goats were negative. The multiple sequence alignments indicated that 34 sequences of N. caninum bore a 94.9-99.3% similarity to each other. Hence, these sequences were classified into two major clusters (clusters A and B) and seven sub-groups (isolates 1-7). The sequence of coyote had a high similarity to the sequences derived from dogs and cows. Also, root diagram showed the isolates of current study and previous reported from Iran have a similar origin. This study provided a phylogenetic analysis of Neospora-infection in different hosts, and for the first time, explored Neospora-infection in coyotes from Iran. Different isolates were detected in the studied population in the region. Comparison of the sequences showed the farm dogs play an important role in the life cycle and distribution of the parasite; so the relationship of dogs with the herd and their access to aborted materials should be restricted. Also, regular control of rodents' population and culling of seropositive cows with a history of abortion is essential for cutting the chain of transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Gharekhani
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Central Veterinary Laboratory, Iranian Veterinary Organization (IVO), Hamedan, Iran; Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Yakhchali
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Department of Human Genetics and Advanced Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medicine Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Ahmed F, Cappai MG, Morrone S, Cavallo L, Berlinguer F, Dessì G, Tamponi C, Scala A, Varcasia A. Raw meat based diet (RMBD) for household pets as potential door opener to parasitic load of domestic and urban environment. Revival of understated zoonotic hazards? A review. One Health 2021; 13:100327. [PMID: 34584928 PMCID: PMC8455362 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
RMBD (acronym of Raw Meat Based Diet) and BARF diets (acronym for Biologically Appropriate Raw Food or Bones and Raw Food) account dietary regimens based on raw ingredients (including raw meat), popular in pet feeding. Animal tissues and organs as well as other uncooked ingredients are more and more popularly used by pet owners to feed household pets. However, the increased risk of exposure to microbiological and parasitic agents poses the question as to whether such diets may be recommendable to be handled and offered to domestic cats and dogs co-living in domestic and urban environment. Above all, the threat of human and animal infections by parasites from raw meat fed to pets is not sufficiently explored and tracked, meanwhile deserving particular surveillance, instead. At this regard, raw meat feeding to pets may represent a route of exposure to the increased risk of environmental load. In fact, some parasites typically found in rural environment can be given the chance to complete their life-cycle, for the closeness between definitive and intermediate hosts. This is of particular concern, as potentially infected pets serving as definitive hosts can become a continuous source of environmental diffusion of parasites, both at domestic and urban level. The handling of raw meat requires adequate knowledge and awareness of the hygienic principles to prevent the onset of disorders related to both manipulation by pet owners and uncooked food consumption by the pet. This review aimed to shed a comprehensive overview of the hygienic aspects related to raw pet feeding, as to handling of raw meat in domestic environment, with special emphasis on parasitic agents and related zoonotic hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Ahmed
- Animal Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases Institute, University of Sassari, Italy
- Chair of Animal Nutrition, University of Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Sarah Morrone
- Chair of Animal Nutrition, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Lia Cavallo
- Animal Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases Institute, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Fiammetta Berlinguer
- Chair of Animal Physiology of the Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Giorgia Dessì
- Animal Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases Institute, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Claudia Tamponi
- Animal Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases Institute, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Scala
- Animal Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases Institute, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Varcasia
- Animal Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases Institute, University of Sassari, Italy
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17
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Pownall WR, Imhof D, Trigo NF, Ganal-Vonarburg SC, Plattet P, Monney C, Forterre F, Hemphill A, Oevermann A. Safety of a Novel Listeria monocytogenes-Based Vaccine Vector Expressing NcSAG1 ( Neospora caninum Surface Antigen 1). Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:675219. [PMID: 34650932 PMCID: PMC8506043 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.675219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (LM) has been proposed as vaccine vector in various cancers and infectious diseases since LM induces a strong immune response. In this study, we developed a novel and safe LM-based vaccine vector platform, by engineering a triple attenuated mutant (Lm3Dx) (ΔactA, ΔinlA, ΔinlB) of the wild-type LM strain JF5203 (CC 1, phylogenetic lineage I). We demonstrated the strong attenuation of Lm3Dx while maintaining its capacity to selectively infect antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in vitro. Furthermore, as proof of concept, we introduced the immunodominant Neospora caninum (Nc) surface antigen NcSAG1 into Lm3Dx. The NcSAG1 protein was expressed by Lm3Dx_SAG1 during cellular infection. To demonstrate safety of Lm3Dx_SAG1 in vivo, we vaccinated BALB/C mice by intramuscular injection. Following vaccination, mice did not suffer any adverse effects and only sporadically shed bacteria at very low levels in the feces (<100 CFU/g). Additionally, bacterial load in internal organs was very low to absent at day 1.5 and 4 following the 1st vaccination and at 2 and 4 weeks after the second boost, independently of the physiological status of the mice. Additionally, vaccination of mice prior and during pregnancy did not interfere with pregnancy outcome. However, Lm3Dx_SAG1 was shed into the milk when inoculated during lactation, although it did not cause any clinical adverse effects in either dams or pups. Also, we have indications that the vector persists more days in the injected muscle of lactating mice. Therefore, impact of physiological status on vector dynamics in the host and mechanisms of milk shedding requires further investigation. In conclusion, we provide strong evidence that Lm3Dx is a safe vaccine vector in non-lactating animals. Additionally, we provide first indications that mice vaccinated with Lm3Dx_SAG1 develop a strong and Th1-biased immune response against the Lm3Dx-expressed neospora antigen. These results encourage to further investigate the efficiency of Lm3Dx_SAG1 to prevent and treat clinical neosporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Robert Pownall
- Division of Small Animal Surgery, Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dennis Imhof
- Institute of Parasitology, DIP, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nerea Fernandez Trigo
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie C. Ganal-Vonarburg
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Plattet
- Division of Neurological Sciences, DCR-VPH, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Camille Monney
- Division of Neurological Sciences, DCR-VPH, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Franck Forterre
- Division of Small Animal Surgery, Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Hemphill
- Institute of Parasitology, DIP, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna Oevermann
- Division of Neurological Sciences, DCR-VPH, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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18
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Anvari D, Pourmalek N, Rezaei S, Fotovati A, Hosseini SA, Daryani A, Spotin A, Sarvi S, Hosseini M, Narouei MR, Kalkali M, Pendar F, Gholami S. The global status and genetic characterization of hydatidosis in camels ( Camelus dromedarius): a systematic literature review with meta-analysis based on published papers. Parasitology 2021; 148:259-273. [PMID: 32940199 PMCID: PMC11010127 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182020001705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydatidosis is a potential zoonotic helminthic disease affecting a broad spectrum of mammals, including humans, worldwide. The current review was conducted to investigate the genotypic status and prevalence of hydatid disease in camels across the world. For the purpose of the study, the articles addressing the worldwide prevalence of hydatidosis in camels were searched in several English language databases. The search process resulted in the inclusion of 122 papers. Based on the data presented in the reviewed articles, the pooled prevalence of hydatid disease in camels across the world was measured at 23.75% (95% CI 20.15-27.55). Moreover, the subgroup analysis demonstrated significant differences in the overall prevalence of hydatidosis among camels based on year, geographic area, climate parameters, camel population, gender, infected organ, fertility rate of the cyst and laboratory diagnostic technique. Furthermore, the Echinococcus granulosus genotypes identified in camels with hydatidosis included G1, G2, G3, G1-G3, G5, G6, G7, G6-G7 and G6-G10, with G6 being the most common genotype throughout the world. The data obtained from the current study are central to the better conceptualization of the biological and epidemiological characteristics of E. granulosus s.l. genotypes around the world, which can be helpful in the planning and adoption of more comprehensive control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Anvari
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- School of Medicine, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Nima Pourmalek
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran
| | - Saeed Rezaei
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran
| | - Amir Fotovati
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Seyed Abdollah Hosseini
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ahmad Daryani
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Adel Spotin
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahabeddin Sarvi
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mona Hosseini
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Kalkali
- Student Research Committee, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Faezeh Pendar
- Student Research Committee, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Shirzad Gholami
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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19
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Kmetiuk LB, de Campos Nogueira AH, Okuda LH, Gomes AL, de Souza Hunold Lara MDCC, Villalobos EMC, Martins CM, Pereira MS, de Barros Filho IR, van Wilpe Bach R, Lipinski LC, Dos Santos AP, Biondo AW. Serosurvey of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in wild boars (Sus scrofa), hunting dogs and hunters of Brazil. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2020; 23:100522. [PMID: 33678377 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2020.100522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The protozoan Neospora caninum is an important cause of abortion in cattle worldwide, with domestic dogs serving as the definitive hosts. Although hunting activities have been indicated as a potential risk factor for N. caninum infection in dogs, no serological evidence has so far been reported in hunting dogs, wild boars (Sus scrofa), and hunters. A total of 98 wild boars, 168 hunting dogs, and 15 hunters from three Brazilian regions were sampled and tested for anti-N. caninum antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence antibody test, resulting in 15/168 (9%) seropositive hunting dogs, and 0/98 wild boars, and 0/15 hunters seropositive. The absence of N. caninum antibodies in wild boars may suggest low exposure to oocysts shed by hunting dogs and wild canids in three different Brazilian regions. Finally, the absence of hunter seropositivity supports the current lack of evidence that N. caninum is a zoonotic parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Bach Kmetiuk
- Graduate College of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos Avenue, 100, Curitiba, Paraná 81531-970, Brazil
| | - Adriana Hellmeister de Campos Nogueira
- Laboratory of Bovine Viruses, Animal Health Research and Development, Biological Institute, Conselheiro Rodrigues Alves Avenue, 1252, São Paulo, São Paulo State 04014-002, Brazil.
| | - Liria Hiromi Okuda
- Laboratory of Bovine Viruses, Animal Health Research and Development, Biological Institute, Conselheiro Rodrigues Alves Avenue, 1252, São Paulo, São Paulo State 04014-002, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Lopes Gomes
- Laboratory of Bovine Viruses, Animal Health Research and Development, Biological Institute, Conselheiro Rodrigues Alves Avenue, 1252, São Paulo, São Paulo State 04014-002, Brazil
| | - Maria do Carmo Custódio de Souza Hunold Lara
- Laboratory of Rabies and Viral Encephalitis, Animal Health Research and Development, Biological Institute, Conselheiro Rodrigues Alves Avenue, 1252, São Paulo, São Paulo State 04014-002, Brazil.
| | - Eliana Monteforte Cassaro Villalobos
- Laboratory of Rabies and Viral Encephalitis, Animal Health Research and Development, Biological Institute, Conselheiro Rodrigues Alves Avenue, 1252, São Paulo, São Paulo State 04014-002, Brazil.
| | - Camila Marinelli Martins
- Department of Medicine, State University of Ponta Grossa, General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Ponta Grossa, Paraná 84030-900, Brazil
| | - Monicque Silva Pereira
- São Paulo State Department of the Environment, Brasil Avenue, 2340, Campinas, São Paulo 13073-012, Brazil.
| | - Ivan Roque de Barros Filho
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná State, Funcionários Street, 1540, Curitiba, Paraná 80035-050, Brazil.
| | - Renato van Wilpe Bach
- Department of Medicine, State University of Ponta Grossa, General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Ponta Grossa, Paraná 84030-900, Brazil
| | - Leandro Cavalcante Lipinski
- Department of Medicine, State University of Ponta Grossa, General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Ponta Grossa, Paraná 84030-900, Brazil
| | - Andrea Pires Dos Santos
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 725 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2027, USA.
| | - Alexander Welker Biondo
- Graduate College of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos Avenue, 100, Curitiba, Paraná 81531-970, Brazil; Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 725 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2027, USA.
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Gharekhani J, Yakhchali M, Berahmat R. Neospora caninum infection in Iran (2004-2020): A review. J Parasit Dis 2020; 44:671-686. [PMID: 32929312 PMCID: PMC7481549 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-020-01266-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge on neosporosis and associated risk factors in different species of animals are so important for designing the control programs and reduce the economic losses globally. This literature review targeted for evaluating the infection rate of Neospora caninum in animals in Iran. Until April 2020, all of published documents in the main English and Persian-language databases were searched. A total number of 110 documents (English = 85 and Persian = 25) were extracted. Most of reports were sero-epidemiological studies using ELISA in Iranian cattle population. The range of Neospora infection was 3.8–76.2% in cattle, 0–54.6% in dogs, 0.9–9.9% in sheep, 6.2% in goats, 19.2–55.9% in buffaloes, 20–42.2% in horses, 52% in donkeys, 3.2–27% in camels, 14% and 19% in cats, and 0–20.4% in rodents. This rate in birds was 17.3% in chicken, 9.8% and 30.4% in pigeons, 2.8% and 3.7% in sparrows, and 9.9% in hooded crows. This is a comprehensive literature review on Neospora infection in Iran at the first time. The infection of N. caninum is widespread in Iran especially in dogs and cattle population. This review can provide baseline information for future research. Study on other hosts especially on wild and exotic animals is recommended for exact estimate of neosporosis in Iran. Investigations into molecular diagnosis and genotyping of N. caninum strains are also needed; this will be helpful for developing vaccines and finding the connection among wild and domestic cycles of disease. Education on the risk factors associated with N. caninum infection for is suggested farmers and rural public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Gharekhani
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.,Department of Laboratory Sciences, Central Veterinary Laboratory, Iranian Veterinary Organization, Hamedan Veterinary Office, Ayatollah-Rafsanjani Street, Hamedan, 6519611156 Iran
| | - Mohammad Yakhchali
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Reza Berahmat
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Müller J, Winzer PA, Samby K, Hemphill A. In Vitro Activities of MMV Malaria Box Compounds against the Apicomplexan Parasite Neospora caninum, the Causative Agent of Neosporosis in Animals. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061460. [PMID: 32213892 PMCID: PMC7145303 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Neospora caninum is a major cause of abortion in cattle and represents a veterinary health problem of great economic significance. In order to identify novel chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of neosporosis, the Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) Malaria Box, a unique collection of anti-malarial compounds, were screened against N. caninum tachyzoites, and the most efficient compounds were characterized in more detail. (2) Methods: A N. caninum beta-galactosidase reporter strain grown in human foreskin fibroblasts was treated with 390 compounds from the MMV Malaria Box. The IC50s of nine compounds were determined, all of which had been previously been shown to be active against another apicomplexan parasite, Theileria annulata. The effects of three of these compounds on the ultrastructure of N. caninum tachyzoites were further investigated by transmission electron microscopy at different timepoints after initiation of drug treatment. (3) Results: Five MMV Malaria Box compounds exhibited promising IC50s below 0.2 µM. The compound with the lowest IC50, namely 25 nM, was MMV665941. This compound and two others, MMV665807 and MMV009085, specifically induced distinct alterations in the tachyzoites. More specifically, aberrant structural changes were first observed in the parasite mitochondrion, and subsequently progressed to other cytoplasmic compartments of the tachyzoites. The pharmacokinetic (PK) data obtained in mice suggest that treatment with MMV665941 could be potentially useful for further in vivo studies. (4) Conclusions: We have identified five novel compounds with promising activities against N. caninum, the effects of three of these compounds were studies by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Their modes of action are unknown and require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Müller
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggass-Strasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (A.H.); Tel.: 0041-31-631-23-84 (J.M. & A.H.); Fax: 0041-31-631-24-76 (J.M. & A.H.)
| | - Pablo A. Winzer
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Kirandeep Samby
- Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV), 20, Route de Pré-Bois, 1215 Geneva 15, Switzerland;
| | - Andrew Hemphill
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggass-Strasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (A.H.); Tel.: 0041-31-631-23-84 (J.M. & A.H.); Fax: 0041-31-631-24-76 (J.M. & A.H.)
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