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Wagner JJ, Edwards-Callaway LN, Engle TE. Vitamins and Trace Minerals in Ruminants: Confinement Feedlot. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2023; 39:505-516. [PMID: 37455235 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Trace minerals and vitamins are essential for optimizing feedlot cattle growth, health, and carcass characteristics. Understanding factors that influence trace mineral and vitamin absorption and metabolism is important when formulating feedlot cattle diets. Current feedlot industry supplementation practices typically exceed published trace mineral requirements by a factor of 2 to 4. Therefore, the intent of this review is to briefly discuss the functions of trace minerals and vitamins that are typically supplemented in feedlot diets and to examine the impact of dose of trace mineral or vitamin on growth performance, health, and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Wagner
- Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, 350 West Pitkin Street, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Lily N Edwards-Callaway
- Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, 350 West Pitkin Street, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Terry E Engle
- Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, 350 West Pitkin Street, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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Conti RMC, da Silva TH, da Silva Brandão Guimarães IC, Bezerra HVA, Saran Netto A, Rodrigues PHM, Pacheco JCG, Zanetti MA. Influence of Molybdenum and Organic Sources of Copper and Sulfur on the Performance, Carcass Traits, Blood Mineral Concentration, and Ceruloplasmin Activity in Lambs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2945. [PMID: 37760345 PMCID: PMC10525667 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of molybdenum (Mo) and organic and inorganic sources of copper (Cu) and sulfur (S) on the performance, carcass traits, and blood concentration of these minerals in lambs. Forty male non-castrated crossbred Dorper x Santa Inês lambs (20 ± 1.2 kg of body weight and 90 ± 2 d of age) were randomly allocated into one of the ten following treatments: (T0) control, basal diet; (T1) Mo; (T2) inorganic Cu and inorganic S; (T3) inorganic Cu and organic S; (T4) organic Cu and inorganic S; (T5) organic Cu and organic S; (T6) Mo plus inorganic Cu and inorganic S; (T7) Mo plus inorganic Cu and organic S; (T8) Mo plus organic Cu and inorganic S; and (T9) Mo plus organic Cu and organic S. Regardless of the source, Mo, Cu, and S were added at levels of 10 mg, 10 mg, and 2000mg/kg DM, respectively. The mineral supplements (Mo, Cu, and S) were added into the total mixed ration (TMR) by mixing them apart with the mineral and vitamin premix and then put into the TMR. The animals were kept in individual pens and received a total mixed ration for 84 days. Body weight and blood sampling was performed every 28 days. All animals were slaughtered after 84 days, and carcass traits were evaluated. Although organic sources of Cu and S added to Mo supplementation had increased the ADG throughout the study, this effect did not reflect in the heavier final BW outcomes for this treatment. In addition, no effect of these treatments was observed on the carcass traits. The serum Cu concentration was higher for the T0 group compared to the other groups; otherwise, Mo reduced the serum Cu concentration compared to the other groups. Considering the interaction among the minerals and their sources at 84 d of study, organic sources of Cu and S treatment and Mo associated with inorganic sources of Cu plus organic S treatment had an increased serum Cu concentration compared to other groups. Regardless of time, organic sources of Cu and S increased serum S concentration. At 84 days after enrollment, serum Mo concentration was lower for the control group compared to the other groups. Further, Mo supplementation increased its blood concentration compared to the control group throughout the study. The control group had the highest ceruloplasmin activity compared to the other groups; otherwise, at 84 d of the study, either Mo or inorganic S supplementation reduced ceruloplasmin activity. Serum ceruloplasmin activity was higher when Cu supplementation, regardless of source, was associated with organic S. However, at d 84 of the study, inorganic Cu associated to organic S supplements increased serum ceruloplasmin activity. In this current study, it was not possible to identify a pattern in the variables studied, however, further studies are needed to confirm that organic sources of Cu and S interacted alone without a defined pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Maria Consentino Conti
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (R.M.C.C.); (P.H.M.R.)
| | - Thiago Henrique da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (I.C.d.S.B.G.); (H.V.A.B.); (A.S.N.); (J.C.G.P.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Iuli Caetano da Silva Brandão Guimarães
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (I.C.d.S.B.G.); (H.V.A.B.); (A.S.N.); (J.C.G.P.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Helena Viel Alves Bezerra
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (I.C.d.S.B.G.); (H.V.A.B.); (A.S.N.); (J.C.G.P.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Arlindo Saran Netto
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (I.C.d.S.B.G.); (H.V.A.B.); (A.S.N.); (J.C.G.P.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Paulo Henrique Mazza Rodrigues
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (R.M.C.C.); (P.H.M.R.)
| | - José Carlos Guilardi Pacheco
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (I.C.d.S.B.G.); (H.V.A.B.); (A.S.N.); (J.C.G.P.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Marcus Antonio Zanetti
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (I.C.d.S.B.G.); (H.V.A.B.); (A.S.N.); (J.C.G.P.); (M.A.Z.)
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Ge X, Khan ZI, Chen F, Akhtar M, Ahmad K, Ejaz A, Ashraf MA, Nadeem M, Akhtar S, Alkahtani J, Dwiningsih Y, Elshikh MS. A study on the contamination assessment, health risk and mobility of two heavy metals in the soil-plants-ruminants system of a typical agricultural region in the semi arid environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:14584-14594. [PMID: 34617216 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16756-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study's aim was to investigate iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) concentration in the soil, forage crops, and sheep blood with respect to the seasonal availability of these metals. Soil, forage, and sheep blood samples were sampled from five different locations in Chakwal (Pidh, Tobar, Ratoccha, Choa Saiden Shah-Kalar Kahar road, and Choa Saiden Shan-Chakwal Road) during two seasons, i.e., winter and summer. All the samples were processed through wet acid digestion for evaluation of metal contents. Because of proximity of site-1 and site-2 to coal mines, higher Fe concentration was observed than Zn. Overall, varied Fe concentrations obtained in soil were 12.95-24.31 mg/kg, 1.29-9.61 mg/kg in forage and 1.17-24 mg/l in blood, whereas Zn values were 1.04-31.9 mg/kg, 1.96-7.02 mg/kg, and 0.16-6.52 mg/l for soil, forages, and blood respectively. The pollution load index value for both Fe (0.01-0.14 mg/kg) and Zn (0.02-0.72 mg/kg) was lesser than 1. Bio-concentration (0.09-2.64mg/kg) and enrichment factor (0.08-7.51 mg/kg) were showing efficient transfer of metals through the food chain. Daily intake and health risk index values of iron were ranged from 0.01 to 1.1 mg/kg/day and 0.02 to 1.05 mg/kg/day. There was a probable chance of upsurge in metal values in coming years due to continued mining activities. Anthropogenic input, mainly mining activities in the study area, have increased the Fe and Zn content in the environment which can ultimately find their way up the food chain, thereby risking the health of grazing livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Ge
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zafar Iqbal Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
| | - Fu Chen
- Low Carbon Energy Institute, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Mubeen Akhtar
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Kafeel Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Abid Ejaz
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arslan Ashraf
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sub-campus, Bhakkar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Akhtar
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Jawaher Alkahtani
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yheni Dwiningsih
- Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Arthington JD, Ranches J. Trace Mineral Nutrition of Grazing Beef Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11102767. [PMID: 34679788 PMCID: PMC8532955 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The trace mineral nutrition of grazing beef cattle is an essential, but often complicated component of the management program. Throughout the annual cycle, forage is the primary source of trace mineral supply to grazing cattle, but concentrations vary depending on a multitude of factors. Trace mineral deficiencies are common when relying solely on forage to meet cattle requirements. Selenium, Cu, Zn, Mn, Co, and I are the trace minerals most commonly found to be deficient in forage. Trace mineral antagonists, such as Fe, Mo, and S, are commonly found in forage and exist in varying concentrations further complicating the success of satisfying the requirement of grazing cattle. Trace mineral-fortified, salt-based, free-choice supplements are the most common supplementation strategies available. Cattle voluntarily consume these supplements to satisfy their salt craving and thus indirectly receive supplemental trace minerals. Managing salt inclusion and seasonal variation in voluntary intake are essential to the success of this management system. Supplements can be formulated with a variety of trace mineral ingredients available to the industry, which are generally grouped into different source categories. Other supplementation strategies to supply trace minerals to grazing cattle include fortification of energy and protein supplements, biofortification, injectable trace minerals, and boluses. Abstract The trace mineral requirements of grazing beef cattle are often complicated by different environmental factors, such as the lack of specific trace minerals or the presence of trace mineral antagonists in forage. Nearly every region of the world has specific implications related to trace mineral nutrition of grazing cattle. Since forage is the most significant contributor to trace mineral nutrition, it is important to consider the concentrations of trace minerals and antagonists and how they may impact the performance of cattle consuming them. This review attempts to provide an update on the trace minerals commonly found to be inadequate in forage, supplementation strategies to address deficiency including a discussion on supplemental trace mineral source, and the complications presented by mineral antagonists. Although the review focuses on beef cattle grazing systems of the United States, the information herein is derived from both extensive native range and intensive planted pasture.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D. Arthington
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-352-294-6940
| | - Juliana Ranches
- Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Oregon State University, Burns, OR 97720, USA;
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Thorndyke MP, Guimaraes O, Tillquist NM, Zervoudakis JT, Engle TE. Molybdenum Exposure in Drinking Water Vs Feed Impacts Apparent Absorption of Copper Differently in Beef Cattle Consuming a High-Forage Diet. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:2913-2918. [PMID: 33094449 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02440-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Twelve Angus steers were utilized to investigate the influence of molybdenum (Mo) in drinking water or feed on apparent absorption and retention of copper (Cu) and Mo. Steers were fed a low-quality grass hay diet for 14 days. Steers were then housed in individual metabolism stalls and blocked by body weight and dry matter intake (DMI) and randomly assigned within block to one of three treatments. Treatments consisted of (1) control (no supplemental Mo), (2) 5.0 mg Mo/kg DM from sodium molybdate dihydrate (Mo-diet), and (3) 1.5 mg Mo/L from sodium molybdate dihydrate delivered in the drinking water (Mo-water). Total fecal and urine output were then collected for 5 days. Dry matter, Cu and water intake, and DM digestibility were similar across treatments. Molybdenum intake was greater (P < 0.05) in Mo-water and Mo-diet steers when compared to controls but similar between Mo-water and Mo-diet steers. Apparent absorption and retention of Cu were greater (P < 0.05) in controls when compared to Mo-diet supplemented steers. Apparent absorption and retention of Cu in steers in the Mo-water treatment did not differ from controls or those receiving the Mo-diet. Molybdenum-diet and Mo-water supplemented steers had similar apparent absorption and retention of Cu. Apparent absorption and retention of Mo (% of Mo intake) was greater in controls when compared to Mo-supplemented steers. These data indicate that Mo consumed in water may impact Cu absorption and retention to a lesser extent than Mo supplemented in the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Thorndyke
- Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - O Guimaraes
- Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - N M Tillquist
- Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - J T Zervoudakis
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, MT, Brazil
| | - T E Engle
- Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Zigo F, Vasil' M, Ondrašovičová S, Výrostková J, Bujok J, Pecka-Kielb E. Maintaining Optimal Mammary Gland Health and Prevention of Mastitis. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:607311. [PMID: 33681324 PMCID: PMC7927899 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.607311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In dairy industry, quality of produced milk must be more important than quantity without a high somatic cells count (SCC) or pathogens causing mastitis of dairy cows and consumer diseases. Preserving the good health of dairy cows is a daily challenge for all involved in primary milk production. Despite the increasing level of technological support and veterinary measures, inflammation of the mammary gland–mastitis, is still one of the main health problems and reasons for economic losses faced by cow farmers. The mammary gland of high-yielding dairy cows requires making the right decisions and enforcing the proper measures aimed at minimizing external and internal factors that increase the risk of intramammary infection. Due to the polyfactorial nature of mastitis related to its reduction, the effectiveness of commonly used antimastitis methods tends to be limited and therefore it is necessary to find the areas of risk in udder health programs and monitoring systems. Only by implementing of complete udder health programs should be accompanied by research efforts to further development these complete udder health control. The present review analyses the current knowledge dealing with damping and prevention of mastitis include SCC control, proper nutrition, housing and management, milking and drying as practiced in dairy farming conditions. This information may help to improve the health of the mammary gland and the welfare of the dairy cows as well as the production of safe milk for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- František Zigo
- Department of Nutrition and Animal Husbandry, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Milan Vasil'
- Department of Nutrition and Animal Husbandry, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Silvia Ondrašovičová
- Department of Biology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jana Výrostková
- Department of Food Hygiene, Technology and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jolanta Bujok
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Pecka-Kielb
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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López-Alonso M, Miranda M. Copper Supplementation, A Challenge in Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10101890. [PMID: 33076570 PMCID: PMC7602799 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ensuring adequate copper supplementation in ruminants is a challenging task due to the complexity of copper metabolism in these animals. The three-way interaction between copper, molybdenum and sulphur (Cu-Mo-S) in the rumen makes ruminants, particularly cattle, very susceptible to suffering from secondary copper deficiency. Paradoxically, excessive copper storage in the liver to prevent deficiency becomes a hazard when ruminants are fed copper-supplemented diets even slightly above requirements. While cattle were traditionally thought to be relatively tolerant of copper accumulation, and reports of copper poisoning were until recently somewhat rare, in recent years an increased number of episodes/outbreaks of copper toxicity in cattle, particularly in dairy cattle, have been reported worldwide. The growing number of lethal cases reported seems to indicate that copper intoxication is spreading silently in dairy herds, urging the development of strategies to monitor herd copper status and improve farmers' awareness of copper toxicity. In fact, monitoring studies carried out on numerous samples collected from culled animals in slaughterhouses and/or diagnostic laboratories have demonstrated that large numbers of animals have hepatic copper concentrations well above adequate levels in many different countries. These trends are undoubtedly due to copper supplementation aimed at preventing copper deficiency, as dietary copper intake from pasture alone is unlikely to cause such high levels of accumulation in liver tissue. The reasons behind the copper overfeeding in cattle are related both to a poor understanding of copper metabolism and the theory of "if adding a little produces a response, then adding a lot will produce a better response". Contrary to most trace elements, copper in ruminants has narrow margins of safety, which must also be formulated considering the concentrations of copper antagonists in the diet. This review paper aims to provide nutritionists/veterinary practitioners with the key points about copper metabolism in cattle to guarantee an adequate copper supply while preventing excessive hepatic copper loading, which requires à la carte copper supplementation for each herd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta López-Alonso
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Terra, 27002 Lugo, Spain;
| | - Marta Miranda
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Terra, 27002 Lugo, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-982-822-615
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Martins KP, Padilha VH, Damasceno TK, Souza MA, Silva EM, Ribeiro M, Pereira AH, Colodel EM. Chronic copper poisoning in beef cattle in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Copper is an essential micromineral in animal feed; however, when consumed in excess, it can cause liver necrosis, hemolytic crisis, hemoglobinuric nephrosis and death in cattle. Although uncommon in this species, copper poisoning occurs as a result of exacerbated supplementation, deficiency of antagonist microminerals, or previous liver lesions. An outbreak of chronic copper poisoning is reported in semi-confined cattle after supplementation with 50 mg/Kg of dry matter copper. The cattle showed clinical signs characterized by anorexia, motor incoordination, loss of balance, jaundice, brownish or black urine, diarrhea and death, or were found dead, 10 to 302 days after consumption. Of the 35 cattle that died, 20 underwent necropsy, whose frequent findings were jaundice, enlarged liver with evident lobular pattern, black kidneys, and urinary bladder with brownish to blackish content. Microscopically, the liver showed vacuolar degeneration and/or zonal hepatocellular centrilobular or paracentral coagulative necrosis, in addition to cholestasis, mild periacinal fibrosis, apoptotic bodies, and mild to moderate mononuclear inflammation. Degeneration and necrosis of the tubular epithelium and intratubular hemoglobin cylinders were observed in the kidneys. Copper levels in the liver and kidneys ranged from 5,901.24 to 28,373.14 μmol/kg and from 303.72 to 14,021 μmol/kg, respectively. In conclusion, copper poisoning due to excessive nutritional supplementation is an important cause of jaundice, hemoglobinuria, and death in semi-confined cattle.
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McCaughern JH, Mackenzie AM, Sinclair LA. Dietary starch concentration alters reticular pH, hepatic copper concentration, and performance in lactating Holstein-Friesian dairy cows receiving added dietary sulfur and molybdenum. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:9024-9036. [PMID: 32773307 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that Cu metabolism in dairy cows is affected by dietary starch concentration and additional sulfur S and Mo, 60 Holstein-Friesian dairy cows that were [mean ± standard error (SE)] 33 ± 2.5 days postcalving and yielding 41 ± 0.9 kg of milk/d were fed 1 of 4 diets in a 2 × 2 factorial design experiment over a 14-wk period. The 4 diets had a Cu concentration of approximately 15 mg/kg of dry matter (DM), a grass silage-to-corn silage ratio of 1:1, a dietary starch concentration of either 150 g/kg of DM (low starch, LS) or 220 g/kg of DM (high starch, HS), and were either unsupplemented (-) or supplemented (+) with an additional 0.8 g of S/kg of DM and 4.4 mg of Mo/kg of DM. We found an effect of dietary starch concentration on mean reticular pH, which was 0.15 pH units lower in cows fed the high starch diets. The addition of S and Mo decreased intake by 1.8 kg of DM/d, an effect that was evident beginning in wk 1 of the study. Mean milk and fat yields were 37.0 and 1.51 kg/d, respectively, and were not affected by dietary treatment. We found an effect of dietary starch concentration on milk protein concentration, protein yield, and urea nitrogen, which were increased by 2.8 g/kg, 0.09 kg/d, and 2.1 mg/dL, respectively, in cows fed the high starch diets. We found no effect of dietary treatment on either cow live weight or body condition. Mean plasma Cu, Fe, and Zn concentrations were 15.3, 42.1, and 14.4 µmol/L, respectively, and were not affected by dietary treatment. In contrast, we found an interaction between dietary starch concentration and Cu antagonists on plasma Mo, where feeding additional S and Mo increased plasma Mo to a greater extent when cows were offered the high versus low starch diet. We also found that increasing dietary starch concentration increased serum ceruloplasmin activity, but serum haptoglobin concentration was not affected by dietary treatment. The addition of S and Mo decreased hepatic Cu concentration, whereas in cows fed the higher dietary starch concentration, hepatic Cu concentration was increased over the period of our study. We concluded that increasing dietary starch concentration decreases rumen pH and increases milk protein yield and hepatic Cu concentration, whereas feeding additional S and Mo decreases intake and hepatic Cu concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H McCaughern
- Department of Animal Production, Welfare and Veterinary Sciences, Harper Adams University, Edgmond, Newport, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, United Kingdom
| | - A M Mackenzie
- Department of Animal Production, Welfare and Veterinary Sciences, Harper Adams University, Edgmond, Newport, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, United Kingdom
| | - L A Sinclair
- Department of Animal Production, Welfare and Veterinary Sciences, Harper Adams University, Edgmond, Newport, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, United Kingdom.
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10
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Mattioli GA, Rosa DE, Turic E, Testa JA, Lizarraga RM, Fazzio LE. Effect of Injectable Copper and Zinc Supplementation on Weight, Hematological Parameters, and Immune Response in Pre-weaning Beef Calves. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 189:456-462. [PMID: 30196487 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1493-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) deficiency may cause poor weight gain, hematological changes, and immune failure in extensive beef cattle breeding systems. Diagnosis of the deficiency is based on plasma Cu and Zn concentrations; however, there are discrepancies regarding data interpretation. Here, plasma Cu and Zn concentrations are discussed as risk markers. We evaluated the effect of parenteral Cu and Zn supplementation on their plasma concentrations, weight gain, hematological parameters, and antibody titers to bovine herpes virus 1 (BoHV-1). Pre-weaning calves (n = 40; 99 ± 8 kg bw) from a typical breeding area of Argentina with background Cu and Zn deficiency were used. They were assigned to two homogeneous groups in a completely randomized design. Calves were subcutaneously injected with 0.3 mg/kg Cu and 1 mg/kg Zn (supplemented group), or saline solution (control), every 40 days during 120 days. Plasma Cu and Zn concentrations, hematological parameters, and weight were recorded. On days 40 and 80 of the trial, calves were vaccinated with inactivated BoHV-1. Antibody immune response was measured on days 80 and 120. Data were analyzed with a mixed model for repeated measures over time. Before treatment, plasma Cu was low and Zn was adequate in both groups. After treatment, plasma Cu increased and remained within a normal range, whereas plasma Zn remained constant. Supplemented animals had higher weight gain (p < 0.01); higher hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin levels (p < 0.05); and higher immune response to BoHV-1 (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that Cu and Zn supplementation improved daily weight gain and the immune response of pre-weaning calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Alberto Mattioli
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Mineral, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 60 y 118, 1900, La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Diana Esther Rosa
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Mineral, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 60 y 118, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Juan Alberto Testa
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Mineral, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 60 y 118, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Raul Martín Lizarraga
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Mineral, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 60 y 118, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Luis Emilio Fazzio
- Hospital Escuela, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 60 y 118, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
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11
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Garrine CMLP, Yoshikawa CYC, Conti RMC, Correa LB, Pugine SMP, Tchamo C, Pondja A, de Carvalho Balieiro JC, Zanetti MA. Effects of different sources and levels of copper on lipid metabolism in Merino × Texel lambs. Meat Sci 2019; 155:85-90. [PMID: 31100641 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The study was conducted with 40 lambs Merino × Texel in order to determine the effects of 10 or 30 mg of Cu/kg DM of copper sulphate and copper-methionine on the lipid and cholesterol metabolism. The lambs were randomly distributed into 5 treatments, with 8 animals each. The treatments were: control, without cooper additions; 10 or 30 mg of Cu/kg DM in the form of copper sulphate; 10 or 30 mg of Cu/kg DM in the form of copper-methionine. The hepatic concentration of copper was higher in lambs supplemented with copper. Total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides in the serum, as well as the SFTU did not differ between treatments. The supplementation of copper regardless of source or level reduced the concentration of cholesterol in the LT muscle, and reduced the concentration of GSH and increased the concentration of GSSG in the liver. Additionally, there was a minimal effect on the fatty acid profile of lipid in lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Maria Lucas Pedro Garrine
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, CEP: 13635-900 Pirassununga/SP, Brazil; Veterinary Faculty, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique.
| | - Carolina Yumi Cascão Yoshikawa
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, CEP: 13635-900 Pirassununga/SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Maria Consentino Conti
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, CEP: 13635-900 Pirassununga/SP, Brazil
| | - Lisia Bertonha Correa
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, CEP: 13635-900 Pirassununga/SP, Brazil
| | - Silvana Marina Piccoli Pugine
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, CEP: 13635-900 Pirassununga/SP, Brazil.
| | - Cesaltina Tchamo
- Veterinary Faculty, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Alberto Pondja
- Veterinary Faculty, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Júlio Cesar de Carvalho Balieiro
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, CEP: 13635-900 Pirassununga/SP, Brazil.
| | - Marcus Antonio Zanetti
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, CEP: 13635-900 Pirassununga/SP, Brazil.
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12
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Hartman SJ, Genther-Schroeder ON, Hansen SL. Comparison of trace mineral repletion strategies in feedlot steers to overcome diets containing high concentrations of sulfur and molybdenum. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:2504-2515. [PMID: 29546370 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To compare trace mineral (TM) repletion in feedlot steers after depletion by S and Mo, 72 Red Angus steers blocked by BW (253 ± 14 kg) were assigned (6 steers per pen, fed via GrowSafe bunks) to corn silage depletion diets (depletion, DEP) supplemented with NRC (1996) recommended concentrations of Cu, Mn, Se, and Zn (CON) or supplemented with 0.3% S (CaSO4), 2 mg of Mo/kg dry matter (DM), and no added Cu, Mn, Zn, or Se (antagonist, ANT). Three 62 d TM repletion strategies (repletion, REP) were applied within DEP diets on day 89: 1) Multimin90 injection (contains Cu, Mn, Se, Zn) and 100% of recommended Cu, Mn, Zn, and Se from inorganic sources (ITM), 2) saline injection and 150% of recommended TM from inorganic sources (ING), or 3) saline injection and 150% of recommended TM provided as 25% organic and 75% inorganic sources (BLEND). Subcutaneous injections were given at 1 mL/68 kg BW. Inorganic sources were Cu, Mn, and Zn SO4, and sodium selenite, and organic sources were Availa Cu, Mn and Zn, and SelPlex Se. Repletion period liver and blood were collected on day -10, 14, 28, and 42 and data were analyzed as a 2 × 3 factorial (n = 12 steers per treatment) using Proc Glimmix of SAS with plasma and liver analytes analyzed as repeated measures. Liver Cu, Se, and Mn were decreased (P < 0.01) by ANT during DEP. There were no DEP × REP × day interactions in liver TM (P ≥ 0.18). A DEP × day effect was noted for liver Cu (P < 0.01) and Mn (P = 0.07), where ANT Cu increased linearly from day 0 to day 42, CON Cu was slightly increased on day 14 and day 28, and ANT Mn was lesser than CON Mn on all days except day 42. There were REP × day effects on liver Cu (P < 0.01) and Se (P < 0.01) where status was improved by ITM by day 14, increased in BLEND by day 28, and not different by day 42. Liver Se concentrations were lesser (P < 0.01) in ANT vs. CON throughout repletion. Liver Zn was greater (P < 0.01) on day 0 than day 14, 28, and 42, and concentrations were greater on day 42 than day 28. Glutathione peroxidase activity tended to be lesser (P = 0.07) on day 14 relative to other days. Manganese superoxide dismutase activity was lesser (P < 0.01) on day 14 and 28 compared to day 0 and 42, and tended to be lesser (P = 0.06) in ANT than CON during repletion. Final body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG) were not affected by treatment (P ≥ 0.60), and ANT decreased dry matter intake (DMI) (P = 0.04) and improved G:F (P < 0.01) during repletion. All repletion strategies were effective at increasing TM status of steers, and ITM had the most rapid recovery of Cu and Se status, followed by BLEND, and ING.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Hartman
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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Zhang F, Zheng W, Guo R, Yao W. Effect of dietary copper level on the gut microbiota and its correlation with serum inflammatory cytokines in Sprague-Dawley rats. J Microbiol 2017; 55:694-702. [PMID: 28865069 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-017-6627-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In China's swine industry, copper is generally supplemented above the National Research Council (NRC) requirement (2012) because of its antimicrobial properties and the potential for growth promotion. Yet few are concerned about whether this excess supplementation is necessary. In this study, the 16S rRNA pyrosequencing was designed and used to investigate the effect of dietary copper level on the diversity of the fecal microbial community and the correlation of copper level with the serum level of inflammatory cytokines in Sprague-Dawley rat models. The results showed that the diet containing a high level of Cu (120 and 240 mg/kg) changed the microbial richness and diversity of rat feces associated with the increased copper content in the rat ileac and colonic digesta. Furthermore, a Pearson's correlation analysis indicated that an accumulation of unabsorbed copper in the chyme was correlated with the microbial composition of the rat feces, which was linked with TNF-α in serum. The results suggest that dietary copper level may have a direct impact on circulating inflammatory cytokines in the serum, perhaps inducing an inflammatory response by altering the microbial composition of rat feces. Serum TNF-α could be the chief responder to excessive copper exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Weijiang Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Rong Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Wen Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China. .,Key Lab of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, P. R. China.
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14
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Sinclair L, Johnson D, Wilson S, Mackenzie A. Added dietary sulfur and molybdenum has a greater influence on hepatic copper concentration, intake, and performance in Holstein-Friesian dairy cows offered a grass silage- rather than corn silage-based diet. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:4365-4376. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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16
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Dias RS, Montanholi YR, Lopez S, Smith B, Miller SP, France J. Utilization of macrominerals and trace elements in pregnant heifers with distinct feed efficiencies. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:5413-5421. [PMID: 27108170 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate utilization of dietary minerals and trace elements in pregnant heifers with distinct residual feed intakes (RFI). Feed intake, body weight (BW), and body composition traits were recorded in 36 crossbred heifers over a period of 37 wk, starting shortly after weaning at 8.3 (0.10; standard deviation) mo of age with an average BW of 276 (7.8) kg. Both BW and body composition were monitored regularly throughout the study, whereas individual feed intake was assessed during the last 84 d of the trial. Data recorded were used to calculate RFI for each heifer. Heifers were ranked based on RFI and assigned to high (n=14) or low (n=10) RFI groups. After the RFI study, 24 selected heifers [age 18.2 (0.14) mo; 87.5 (4.74) d in gestation; 497 (8.5) kg of BW] were used in an indirect digestibility trial (lignin as internal marker). Heifers were fed a ration containing corn silage, haylage, and a mineral premix in which Ca, P, K, Na, Mg, S, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se, Zn, and Co were provided in the diet according to National Research Council requirements of pregnant replacement heifers. The digestibility trial lasted 1 wk, during which samples of feces were gathered twice daily, and blood and liver biopsy samples were collected on the last day. We noted no significant differences between low- and high-RFI heifers in dry matter digestibility. Apparent absorption of Cu, Zn, and Mn was increased in heifers with low RFI, and apparent absorption of Co tended to be greater for these animals. Concentrations of macrominerals and trace elements in serum of pregnant heifers were similar for both groups except for Se, which was increased in the serum of low-RFI heifers. Liver concentrations of Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se, and Zn did not differ between low- and high-RFI heifers. In conclusion, whereas improved absorption of some trace elements (Cu, Zn, Mn, and Co) and increased Se serum concentration appear to be associated with superior feed efficiency in pregnant heifers, further studies are needed to investigate the causality of such relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Dias
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, ON, Canada
| | - Y R Montanholi
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, ON, Canada; Department of Plant and Animal Sciences, Dalhousie University, Truro B2N 5E3, NS, Canada
| | - S Lopez
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (IGM) CSIC-Universidad de León, Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de León, E-24071 León, Spain.
| | - B Smith
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, ON, Canada; Monsanto, Headingley, R3T 6E3, MB, Canada
| | - S P Miller
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, ON, Canada; Invermay Agricultural Centre, AgResearch Limited, Mosgiel, 9053 New Zealand
| | - J France
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, ON, Canada
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17
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Ráez-Bravo A, Granados JE, Cano-Manuel FJ, Soriguer RC, Fandos P, Pérez JM, Pavlov IY, Romero D. Toxic and Essential Element Concentrations in Iberian Ibex (Capra pyrenaica) from the Sierra Nevada Natural Park (Spain): Reference Intervals in Whole Blood. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 96:273-280. [PMID: 26687500 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-015-1711-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) blood samples from the Sierra Nevada Natural Park (Spain) were analyzed to establish concentrations of toxic and essential elements. Samples (whole blood from 32 males and 34 females) were taken from wild animals and the concentrations of inorganic elements considered as (1) non-essential and toxic (Pb, Cd and As), (2) essential but potentially toxic (Cu, Zn and Mn) and (3) occasionally beneficial (B, Cr, Al and Ni), as well as (4) essential minerals (Ca, Na, K, P, Mg, S, Co and Fe), were analyzed. The low concentration of Pb and Cd indicated that there is no heavy metal contamination in this geographical area for these elements. The concentration of elements in this ibex population was defined for different genders and ages. Significant differences between genders were only found for Mg and Cu, while significant differences in concentrations of Ca, Cr, Fe, Mn, P, S and Zn were found between ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arián Ráez-Bravo
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Campus Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Enrique Granados
- Parque Nacional y Parque Natural de Sierra Nevada, Ctra. Antigua de Sierra Nevada Km 7, 18071, Pinos Genil, Granada, Spain
- Agencia de Medio Ambiente y Agua, Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, Gerencia de Granada, 18013, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Cano-Manuel
- Parque Nacional y Parque Natural de Sierra Nevada, Ctra. Antigua de Sierra Nevada Km 7, 18071, Pinos Genil, Granada, Spain
- Agencia de Medio Ambiente y Agua, Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, Gerencia de Granada, 18013, Granada, Spain
| | - Ramón C Soriguer
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, Avd. María Luisa s/n, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Paulino Fandos
- Agencia de Medio Ambiente y Agua, Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, Servicios Centrales, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Jesús M Pérez
- Dpto. Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Igor Y Pavlov
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Diego Romero
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Campus Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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18
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Wilson BK, Vazquez-Anon M, Step DL, Moyer KD, Haviland CL, Maxwell CL, O'Neill CF, Gifford CA, Krehbiel CR, Richards CJ. Effect of copper, manganese, and zinc supplementation on the performance, clinical signs, and mineral status of calves following exposure to bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1b and subsequent Mannheimia haemolytica infection1. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:1123-40. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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19
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Ceacero F, Landete-Castillejos T, Olguín A, Miranda M, García A, Martínez A, Cassinello J, Miguel V, Gallego L. Avoiding toxic levels of essential minerals: a forgotten factor in deer diet preferences. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0115814. [PMID: 25615596 PMCID: PMC4304801 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ungulates select diets with high energy, protein, and sodium contents. However, it is scarcely known the influence of essential minerals other than Na in diet preferences. Moreover, almost no information is available about the possible influence of toxic levels of essential minerals on avoidance of certain plant species. The aim of this research was to test the relative importance of mineral content of plants in diet selection by red deer (Cervus elaphus) in an annual basis. We determined mineral, protein and ash content in 35 common Mediterranean plant species (the most common ones in the study area). These plant species were previously classified as preferred and non-preferred. We found that deer preferred plants with low contents of Ca, Mg, K, P, S, Cu, Sr and Zn. The model obtained was greatly accurate identifying the preferred plant species (91.3% of correct assignments). After a detailed analysis of these minerals (considering deficiencies and toxicity levels both in preferred and non-preferred plants) we suggest that the avoidance of excessive sulphur in diet (i.e., selection for plants with low sulphur content) seems to override the maximization for other nutrients. Low sulphur content seems to be a forgotten factor with certain relevance for explaining diet selection in deer. Recent studies in livestock support this conclusion, which is highlighted here for the first time in diet selection by a wild large herbivore. Our results suggest that future studies should also take into account the toxicity levels of minerals as potential drivers of preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Ceacero
- Department of Animal Science and Food Processing, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Animal Science, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Tomás Landete-Castillejos
- Sección de Recursos Cinegéticos y Ganaderos, Instituto de Desarrollo Regional (IDR), Albacete, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Augusto Olguín
- Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Córdoba, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - María Miranda
- Centre for African Ecology, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Andrés García
- Sección de Recursos Cinegéticos y Ganaderos, Instituto de Desarrollo Regional (IDR), Albacete, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Alberto Martínez
- Laboratorio de Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales, Instituto de Desarrollo Regional (IDR), Albacete, Spain
| | - Jorge Cassinello
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Valentín Miguel
- Laboratorio de Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales, Instituto de Desarrollo Regional (IDR), Albacete, Spain
| | - Laureano Gallego
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
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Alvarado-Gilis CA, Aperce CC, Miller KA, Van Bibber-Krueger CL, Uwituze S, Drouillard JS, Higgins JJ. Effects of feeding diets rich in α-linolenic acid and copper on performance, carcass characteristics, and fatty acid profiles of feedlot heifers1. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:5612-21. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - C. C. Aperce
- Department of Animal Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
| | - K. A. Miller
- Department of Animal Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
| | | | - S. Uwituze
- Department of Animal Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
| | - J. S. Drouillard
- Department of Animal Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
| | - J. J. Higgins
- Department of Statistics, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
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