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Santos MI, Grácio M, Silva MC, Pedroso L, Lima A. One Health Perspectives on Food Safety in Minimally Processed Vegetables and Fruits: From Farm to Fork. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2990. [PMID: 38138132 PMCID: PMC10745503 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
While food markets and food production chains are experiencing exponential growth, global attention to food safety is steadily increasing. This is particularly crucial for ready-to-eat products such as fresh-cut salads and fruits, as these items are consumed raw without prior heat treatment, making the presence of pathogenic microorganisms quite frequent. Moreover, many studies on foodborne illnesses associated with these foods often overlook the transmission links from the initial contamination source. The prevention and control of the dissemination of foodborne pathogens should be approached holistically, involving agricultural production, processing, transport, food production, and extending to final consumption, all while adopting a One Health perspective. In this context, our objective is to compile available information on the challenges related to microbiological contamination in minimally handled fruits and vegetables. This includes major reported outbreaks, specific bacterial strains, and associated statistics throughout the production chain. We address the sources of contamination at each stage, along with issues related to food manipulation and disinfection. Additionally, we provide potential solutions to promote a healthier approach to fresh-cut fruits and vegetables. This information will be valuable for both researchers and food producers, particularly those focused on ensuring food safety and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Isabel Santos
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.C.S.); (L.P.)
- CECAV—Centre of Animal and Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Madalena Grácio
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Mariana Camoesas Silva
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.C.S.); (L.P.)
| | - Laurentina Pedroso
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.C.S.); (L.P.)
- CECAV—Centre of Animal and Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Lima
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.C.S.); (L.P.)
- CECAV—Centre of Animal and Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
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Applications of Essential Oils as Antibacterial Agents in Minimally Processed Fruits and Vegetables—A Review. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040760. [PMID: 35456810 PMCID: PMC9032070 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial foodborne diseases are a major health concern. In this regard, one of the major risk factors is related to consumer preferences for “ready-to-eat” or minimally processed (MP) fruits and vegetables. Essential oil (EO) is a viable alternative used to reduce pathogenic bacteria and increase the shelf-life of MP foods, due to the health risks associated with food chlorine. Indeed, there has been increased interest in using EO in fresh produce. However, more information about EO applications in MP foods is necessary. For instance, although in vitro tests have defined EO as a valuable antimicrobial agent, its practical use in MP foods can be hampered by unrealistic concentrations, as most studies focus on growth reductions instead of bactericidal activity, which, in the case of MP foods, is of utmost importance. The present review focuses on the effects of EO in MP food pathogens, including the more realistic applications. Overall, due to this type of information, EO could be better regarded as an “added value” to the food industry.
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Savelli CJ, Garcia Acevedo RF, Simpson J, Mateus C. The utilisation of tools to facilitate cross-border communication during international food safety events, 1995-2020: a realist synthesis. Global Health 2021; 17:65. [PMID: 34167571 PMCID: PMC8222958 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-021-00715-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient communication and coordination are needed between countries to prevent, detect and respond to international food safety events. While communication tools, networks and systems exist, current evidence suggests that they are only useful within particular contexts and several only target specific geographic areas. There is a need to unpack and explore the mechanisms of how and in what context such communication tools and their components are effective at facilitating international communication and coordination to keep food safe and mitigate the burden of foodborne disease around the world. A realist synthesis was undertaken to understand how and why certain processes and structures of communication tools, used during international food safety events, influence their utility and effectiveness according to different contextual factors. The focus of this review was explanatory and aimed to develop and refine theory regarding how contextual factors trigger specific processes and mechanisms to produce outcomes. Using the realist context–mechanism–outcome configuration of theory development, a range of sources was used to develop an initial programme theory, including the authors’ experience, a scoping review of published papers and grey literature and input from an expert reference committee. Literature was then systematically located and synthesised from several databases with input from the expert reference committee to refine the programme theory. The programme theory developed indicates that when a country has interests in food import or export, has the technical infrastructure to detect and respond to food safety events, and is governed in accordance with regional and/or global laws and regulations relating to food control and global health security, then specific mechanisms will facilitate various outcomes. Mechanisms include trust, experience, support, awareness, understanding, a sense of community, standardisation and intersectoral collaboration. The outcomes include using communication tools to relay information abroad and the prevention of foodborne diseases, among others. Components of such communication tools may be adapted according to different contextual factors to promote, support and improve their use. Improving international coordination and communication during international food safety events is in the interest of global health security and can mitigate the global burden of foodborne disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Joseph Savelli
- World Health Organization, Nutrition and Food Safety, Avenue Appia 20, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Lancaster University, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Division of Health Research, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK.
| | | | - Jane Simpson
- Lancaster University, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Division of Health Research, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Céu Mateus
- Lancaster University, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Division of Health Research, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK
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The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food-borne outbreaks in 2016. EFSA J 2017; 15:e05077. [PMID: 32625371 PMCID: PMC7009962 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.5077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This report of the European Food Safety Authority and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control presents the results of the zoonoses monitoring activities carried out in 2016 in 37 European countries (28 Member States (MS) and nine non‐MS). Campylobacteriosis was the most commonly reported zoonosis and the increasing European Union (EU) trend for confirmed human cases since 2008 stabilised during 2012–2016. In food, the occurrence of Campylobacter remained high in broiler meat. The decreasing EU trend for confirmed human salmonellosis cases since 2008 ended during 2012–2016, and the proportion of human Salmonella Enteritidis cases increased. Most MS met their Salmonella reduction targets for poultry, except five MS for laying hens. At primary production level, the EU‐level flock prevalence of target Salmonella serovars in breeding hens, broilers, breeding and fattening turkeys decreased or stabilised compared with previous years but the EU prevalence of S. Enteritidis in laying hens significantly increased. In foodstuffs, the EU‐level Salmonella non‐compliance for minced meat and meat preparations from poultry was low. The number of human listeriosis confirmed cases further increased in 2016, despite the fact that Listeria seldom exceeds the EU food safety limit in ready‐to‐eat foods. The decreasing EU trend for confirmed yersiniosis cases since 2008 stabilised during 2012–2016, and also the number of confirmed Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections in humans was stable. In total, 4,786 food‐borne outbreaks, including waterborne outbreaks, were reported. Salmonella was the most commonly detected causative agent – with one out of six outbreaks due to S. Enteritidis – followed by other bacteria, bacterial toxins and viruses. Salmonella in eggs continued to represent the highest risk agent/food combination. The report further summarises trends and sources for bovine tuberculosis, brucellosis, trichinellosis, echinococcosis, toxoplasmosis, rabies, Q fever, West Nile fever and tularaemia.
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Outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis phage type 1B associated with frozen pre-cooked chicken cubes, Finland 2012. Epidemiol Infect 2017; 145:2727-2734. [PMID: 28770691 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268817001364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In August to October 2012, a nationwide outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis phase type (PT) 1B with 53 cases occurred in Finland. Hypothesis generating interviews pointed toward ready-to-eat chicken salad from a Finnish company and at the same time Estonian authorities informed of a S. enteritidis PT 1B outbreak linked to chicken wrap prepared at an Estonian restaurant. We found that chicken salad was associated with the infection (odds ratio (OR) 16·1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·7-148·7 for consumption and OR 17·5. 95% CI 4·0-76·0 for purchase). The frozen pre-cooked chicken cubes used in Finnish salad and in Estonian wraps were traced back to a production plant in China. Great Britain made two Rapid Alert Systems for Food and Feed notifications on chicken cubes imported to the UK from the same Chinese production plant. Microbiological investigation confirmed that the patient isolates in Estonia and in Finland were indistinguishable from the strains isolated from chicken cubes in Estonia and in the UK. We recommend that despite certificates for tested Salmonella, food items should be analyzed when Salmonella contamination in outbreak investigations is suspected. In outbreak investigations, electronically implemented case-case study saves time, effort, and money compared with case-control study.
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Fonteneau L, Jourdan Da Silva N, Fabre L, Ashton P, Torpdahl M, Müller L, Bouchrif B, El Boulani A, Valkanou E, Mattheus W, Friesema I, Herrera Leon S, Varela Martínez C, Mossong J, Severi E, Grant K, Weill FX, Gossner CM, Bertrand S, Dallman T, Le Hello S. Multinational outbreak of travel-related Salmonella Chester infections in Europe, summers 2014 and 2015. Euro Surveill 2017; 22:30463. [PMID: 28230522 PMCID: PMC5322187 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2017.22.7.30463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Between 2014 and 2015, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control was informed of an increase in numbers of Salmonella enterica serotype Chester cases with travel to Morocco occurring in six European countries. Epidemiological and microbiological investigations were conducted. In addition to gathering information on the characteristics of cases from the different countries in 2014, the epidemiological investigation comprised a matched case-case study involving French patients with salmonellosis who travelled to Morocco that year. A univariate conditional logistic regression was performed to quantify associations. The microbiological study included a whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis of clinical and non-human isolates of S. Chester of varied place and year of isolation. A total of 162 cases, mostly from France, followed by Belgium, the Netherlands, Spain, Denmark and Sweden were reported, including 86 (53%) women. The median age per country ranged from 3 to 38 years. Cases of S. Chester were more likely to have eaten in a restaurant and visited the coast of Morocco. The results of WGS showed five multilocus sequence types (ST), with 96 of 153 isolates analysed clustering into a tight group that corresponded to a novel ST, ST1954. Of these 96 isolates, 46 (48%) were derived from food or patients returning from Morocco and carried two types of plasmids containing either qnrS1 or qnrB19 genes. This European-wide outbreak associated with travel to Morocco was likely a multi-source outbreak with several food vehicles contaminated by multidrug-resistant S. Chester strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Fonteneau
- Santé publique France, the French national public health agency, Saint-Maurice, France
- European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Laetitia Fabre
- Institut Pasteur, French National Reference Center for E. coli, Shigella and Salmonella, Paris, France
| | - Philip Ashton
- Public Health England, Gastrointestinal Bacterial Reference Unit, London, England
| | | | | | - Brahim Bouchrif
- Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Sécurité alimentaire et environnement, Casablanca, Morocco
| | | | - Eleni Valkanou
- NRL Salmonella & AMR, Veterinary Laboratory of Chalkida, Greece
| | | | - Ingrid Friesema
- Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Ettore Severi
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kathie Grant
- Public Health England, Gastrointestinal Bacterial Reference Unit, London, England
| | - François-Xavier Weill
- Institut Pasteur, French National Reference Center for E. coli, Shigella and Salmonella, Paris, France
| | - Céline M Gossner
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Tim Dallman
- Public Health England, Gastrointestinal Bacterial Reference Unit, London, England
| | - Simon Le Hello
- Institut Pasteur, French National Reference Center for E. coli, Shigella and Salmonella, Paris, France
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Müller L, Rasmussen LD, Jensen T, Schultz AC, Kjelsø C, Barnadas C, Sigsgaard K, Larsen AR, Widstrup Jensen C, Jeppesen S, Uhrbrand K, Hove N, Mølbak K, Ethelberg S. Series of Norovirus Outbreaks Caused by Consumption of Green Coral Lettuce, Denmark, April 2016. PLOS CURRENTS 2016; 8:ecurrents.outbreaks.115761d5d6de6a8bc7dd4b41f0f5f142. [PMID: 27803839 PMCID: PMC5074700 DOI: 10.1371/currents.outbreaks.115761d5d6de6a8bc7dd4b41f0f5f142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In early April 2016, an unusual high number of point-source outbreaks of gastrointestinal disease were reported to occur in Denmark. METHODS Outbreaks were individually investigated. Two analytical studies were performed. Patient stool samples collected and analysed; positive stool samples were sequenced over the polymerase and/or capsid gene areas. Implicated lettuce heads were collected and analysed for the presence of norovirus. Foods were traced-back and traced-forward and international alert systems applied. RESULTS A total of 23 linked point-source outbreaks occurred over the course of one week. Fresh green coral lettuce (Lollo Bionda lettuce) had been consumed in all settings. In a cohort study including 234 participants a dish containing green lettuce was associated with illness. Norovirus of Genogroup I (GI) was detected in samples from 28 patients comprising eight of the outbreaks. Sequencing showed GI.P2-GI.2. GI norovirus was detected in one of 20 examined lettuce heads. All lettuce consumed was supplied by the same packer who in turn had bought the lettuce from a wholesaler in France. The two lots of lettuce came from two different growers in different parts of France. DISCUSSION Green coral lettuce produced in France was found to have caused a large series of linked norovirus outbreaks in Denmark as established by a number of lines of evidence. A similar incidence occurred in 2010. Fresh lettuce increasingly appear to be a risk food for norovirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Müller
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lasse Dam Rasmussen
- Microbiological Diagnostics and Virology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tenna Jensen
- Division of Food and Feed Safety, Danish Veterinary and Food Administration, Ministry of Environment and Food, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Anna Charlotte Schultz
- Division of Microbiology and Production, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Kjelsø
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Celine Barnadas
- European Programme in Public Health Microbiology, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Microbiological Diagnostics & Virology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Sigsgaard
- Food Control Office Copenhagen, Danish Veterinary and Food Administration, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Ribert Larsen
- Food Control Office Zealand/Funen, Danish Veterinary and Food Administration, Denmark Food Control Office Zealand/Funen, The Danish Veterinary and Food Administration, Denmark
| | - Carl Widstrup Jensen
- Food Control Office Copenhagen, Danish Veterinary and Food Administration, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simon Jeppesen
- Food Control Office Copenhagen, Danish Veterinary and Food Administration, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine Uhrbrand
- Division of Microbiology and Production, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Nikolas Hove
- Division of Food and Feed Safety, Danish Veterinary and Food Administration, Ministry of Environment and Food, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Kåre Mølbak
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Ethelberg
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Mostafa MM, Nassef M, Badr A. Computational determination of the effects of virulent Escherichia coli and salmonella bacteriophages on human gut. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 135:27-35. [PMID: 27586477 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Salmonella and Escherichia coli are different types of bacteria that cause food poisoning in humans. In the elderly, infants and people with chronic conditions, it is very dangerous if Salmonella or E. coli gets into the bloodstream and then they must be treated by phage therapy. Treating Salmonella and E. coli by phage therapy affects the gut flora. This research paper presents a system for detecting the effects of virulent E. coli and Salmonella bacteriophages on human gut. METHODS A method based on Domain-Domain Interactions (DDIs) model is implemented in the proposed system to determine the interactions between the proteins of human gut bacteria and the proteins of bacteriophages that infect virulent E. coli and Salmonella. The system helps gastroenterologists to realize the effect of injecting bacteriophages that infect virulent E. coli and Salmonella on the human gut. RESULTS By testing the system over Enterobacteria phage 933W, Enterobacteria phage VT2-Sa and Enterobacteria phage P22, it resulted in four interactions between the proteins of the bacteriophages that infect E. coli O157:H7, E. coli O104:H4 and Salmonella typhimurium and the proteins of human gut bacterium strains. CONCLUSION Several effects were detected such as: antibacterial activity against a number of bacterial species in human gut, regulation of cellular differentiation and organogenesis during gut, lung, and heart development, ammonia assimilation in bacteria, yeasts, and plants, energizing defense system and its function in the detoxification of lipopolysaccharide, and in the prevention of bacterial translocation in human gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Mostafa Mostafa
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computers and Information, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Mohammad Nassef
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computers and Information, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Amr Badr
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computers and Information, Cairo University, Egypt.
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Santos MIS, Lima AI, Monteiro SAVS, Ferreira RMSB, Pedroso L, Sousa I, Ferreira MASS. Preliminary Study on the Effect of Fermented Cheese Whey on Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Salmonella Goldcoast Populations Inoculated onto Fresh Organic Lettuce. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2016; 13:423-7. [PMID: 27149657 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2015.2079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cheese whey fermented by an industrial starter consortium of lactic acid bacteria was evaluated for its antibacterial capacity to control a selection of pathogenic bacteria. For their relevance on outbreak reports related to vegetable consumption, this selection included Listeria monocytogenes, serotype 4b, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Salmonella Goldcoast. Organically grown lettuce was inoculated with an inoculum level of ∼10(7) colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL and was left for about 1 h in a safety cabinet before washing with a perceptual solution of 75:25 (v/v) fermented whey in water, for 1 and 10 min. Cells of pathogens recovered were then counted and their number compared with that obtained for a similar treatment, but using a chlorine solution at 110 ppm. Results show that both treatments, either with chlorine or fermented whey, were able to significantly reduce (p < 0.05) the number of bacteria, in a range of 1.15-2.00 and 1.59-2.34 CFU/g, respectively, regarding the bacteria tested. Results suggest that the use of fermented whey may be as effective as the solution of chlorine used in industrial processes in reducing the pathogens under study (best efficacy shown for Salmonella), with the advantage of avoiding health risks arising from the formation of carcinogenic toxic chlorine derivates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I S Santos
- 1 Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Natural Resources, Environment and Territory, DRAT, LEAF, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisbon, Portugal
- 2 Eco-Processing of Food and Feed, CEE, LEAF, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisbon, Portugal
- 3 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Lusofona de Humanidades e Tecnologias , Lisbon, Portugal
- 4 Disease & Stress Biology, DRAT, LEAF, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana I Lima
- 4 Disease & Stress Biology, DRAT, LEAF, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara A V S Monteiro
- 4 Disease & Stress Biology, DRAT, LEAF, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ricardo M S B Ferreira
- 4 Disease & Stress Biology, DRAT, LEAF, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Laurentina Pedroso
- 3 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Lusofona de Humanidades e Tecnologias , Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel Sousa
- 2 Eco-Processing of Food and Feed, CEE, LEAF, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria A S S Ferreira
- 1 Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Natural Resources, Environment and Territory, DRAT, LEAF, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisbon, Portugal
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Outbreak ofSalmonellaStrathcona caused by datterino tomatoes, Denmark, 2011. Epidemiol Infect 2016; 144:2802-11. [DOI: 10.1017/s0950268816000121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYIn September 2011, a patient cluster with a rareSalmonellaserotype – Strathcona – was identified in Denmark. An outbreak investigation was initiated to reveal the source in order to stop the outbreak. In addition to hypothesis-generating interviews, comparable analyses of patients’ household shopping receipts were conducted. A matched case-control study with 25 cases and 56 population register controls was conducted to test the findings of the hypothesis-generating investigation. In total, 43 cases ofSalmonellaStrathcona were reported in Denmark. Additionally, 28 cases were reported from Germany, Italy, Austria and Belgium. The results of the investigation in Denmark showed that 8/10 cases had bought datterino tomatoes prior to disease onset. Illness was associated with a specific supermarket chain [matched odds ratio (mOR) 16·9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2·2–130], and having consumed elongated small tomatoes (OR 28·1, 95% CI 2·6–302). Traceback investigation showed that the tomatoes came from an Italian producer. This outbreak, linked to tomatoes, underpins the growing recognition of the broad source range ofSalmonellaand the ability of fresh produce to cause multi-country outbreaks. It is important to strengthen the international cooperation between public-health and food-safety authorities in the European Union to investigate future multi-country outbreaks in order to prevent illness from ready-to-eat produce.
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Gossner CM, Severi E, Danielsson N, Hutin Y, Coulombier D. Changing hepatitis A epidemiology in the European Union: new challenges and opportunities. Euro Surveill 2015; 20. [DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2015.20.16.21101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Gossner
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Surveillance and Response Support Unit, Stockholm, Sweden
- These authors contributed equally to the paper
- School of Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - E Severi
- These authors contributed equally to the paper
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Surveillance and Response Support Unit, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N Danielsson
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Surveillance and Response Support Unit, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Y Hutin
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Public Health Capacity and Communication, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Coulombier
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Surveillance and Response Support Unit, Stockholm, Sweden
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