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Xu L, Xu H, Wang Z, Hu J, Zheng Y, Wang F, Chang R, Wang Y, Cai Y. Adverse childhood experiences and intimate partner violence in adulthood among transgender women: exploring the chain mediating role of self-esteem and LGBT minority stress. Ann Med 2025; 57:2464936. [PMID: 39943711 PMCID: PMC11827034 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2025.2464936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 10/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2025] [Indexed: 02/16/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transgender women experience a high incidence of intimate partner violence (IPV) in adulthood. The well-documented risk factors contributing to IPV include adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), low self-esteem, and the minority stress experienced by LGBT individuals. The object of the present study was to examine how ACEs influence IPV in adulthood, and to explore the chain mediating function of self-esteem and LGBT minority stress. METHODS In February 2022, we recruited 264 transgender women through snowball sampling in Shenyang, China. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing background characteristics, ACEs, IPV in adulthood, self-esteem and LGBT minority stress. Relationships among study variables were examined through variance and correlation analyses. A chain mediation model was tested using PROCESS. RESULTS There was a significant correlation among the four variables. ACEs positively predicted IPV in adulthood (r = 0.449, p < 0.001). The sequential mediation model demonstrated that self-esteem (the estimated effect = 0.0708, 95%CI: 0.0152-0.1327) and minority stress (the estimated effect = 0.0404, 95%CI: 0016-0.0847) had the potential to mediate the connection between ACEs and IPV respectively. Additionally, the combined mediating influence of self-esteem and minority stress (the estimated effect = 0.0298, 95%CI: 0.0105-0.0591) similarly exerted such an effect. In summary, the mediating effect accounts for 34.59% of the overall effect size. CONCLUSION Taken together, the findings underscore the high prevalence of IPV among Chinese transgender women, highlighting the need for additional attention from violence service providers and other healthcare professionals on ACEs, low self-esteem, and minority stress, as these factors may place this population at risk for IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Xu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Public Health Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio, Affiliated with Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huifang Xu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuxin Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiani Hu
- Public Health Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio, Affiliated with Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yawen Zheng
- Public Health Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio, Affiliated with Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengyi Wang
- Public Health Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio, Affiliated with Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruijie Chang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio, Affiliated with Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Public Health Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio, Affiliated with Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Cai
- Public Health Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio, Affiliated with Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Métais A, Omarjee M, Valero B, Gleich A, Mekki A, Henry A, Duclos A, Lilot M, Rode G, Schlatter S. Determining the influence of an intervention of stress management on medical students' levels of psychophysiological stress: the protocol of the PROMESS-Stress clinical trial. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2025; 25:225. [PMID: 39934759 PMCID: PMC11818132 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-06344-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 11/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical students face highly competitive stressful situations throughout their curriculum, which can lead to elevated stress levels and a major decline in quality of life, well-being, learning abilities, and health. It is crucial to assist medical students in coping with these stressful situations during their curriculum. METHODS The PROMESS-Stress clinical trial aims to support future healthcare professionals by enhancing their abilities to manage stressful situations. The support will be provided through a 3-session stress management program. Each session will include an individual meeting between a PROMESS-Stress expert and a medical student. To reduce stress levels and enhance coping mechanisms, these sessions will focus on establishing personalized advice and goals. The present protocol is designed to assess the influence of this program on forty-five undergraduate medical students (4th and 5th-year) of the Lyon-Est Faculty of Medicine (Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, France). Assessments of psychological and physiological stress variables will be conducted before and during the intervention. At the end of the 3rd session the student's levels of satisfaction will be assessed. The primary outcome will be changes in scores on the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), while secondary outcomes will provide a detailed characterization of the intervention's effects on stress coping behaviors, psychological and physiological stress variables. Exploratory outcomes will provide information regarding the student's level of satisfaction and will determine the moderators of the program's efficacy. Data will be analyzed according to the intention-to-treat principle and presented in accordance with the CONSORT Guidelines. Ethical approval has been obtained by the Institutional Review Board (IRB: 2023-07-04-02) and all the procedures will be performed in adherence to the Helsinki declaration. Results from this study will be presented at scientific conferences and in peer-reviewed scientific journals. DISCUSSION Results will provide valuable insights into the program's efficacy in reducing stress and improving coping abilities. If its efficacy is proven, PROMESS-Stress could become an integral and sustainable part of medical education, fostering a healthier and more resilient future for healthcare professionals. This manuscript follows the SPIRIT guidelines (Additional files 1 & 6). TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT06295133; retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angèle Métais
- Research on Healthcare Performance RESHAPE, INSERM U1290, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
| | - Mohammad Omarjee
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Unit of Aging Medicine, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Bérénice Valero
- Département des Sciences Humaines et Sociales, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Alexia Gleich
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Aya Mekki
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Amélie Henry
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Antoine Duclos
- Research on Healthcare Performance RESHAPE, INSERM U1290, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Marc Lilot
- Research on Healthcare Performance RESHAPE, INSERM U1290, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Healthcare Simulation Center (Centre Lyonnais d'Enseignement par Simulation en Santé, CLESS), SIMULYON, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils of Lyon, Pediatric Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit 11 Medical-Surgical Department of Congenital Cardiology of the Fetus, Child and Adult, Louis Pradel Hospital, Bron, France
| | - Gilles Rode
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, TRAJECTOIRES, Bron, F-69500, France
| | - Sophie Schlatter
- Research on Healthcare Performance RESHAPE, INSERM U1290, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Healthcare Simulation Center (Centre Lyonnais d'Enseignement par Simulation en Santé, CLESS), SIMULYON, Lyon, France
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Zhu M, Chen H, Wang Q, Ding X, Li Z. Comparative Efficacy of Various Interventions to Reduce Perceived Stress Among Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs 2025; 22:e70004. [PMID: 39936346 DOI: 10.1111/wvn.70004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2024] [Revised: 01/13/2025] [Accepted: 01/18/2025] [Indexed: 02/13/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing interventions targeting perceived stress in older adults exhibit a diverse range of types and inconsistent effectiveness. It remains unclear which interventions are most effective for older adults in terms of perceived stress, anxiety, depression, and cortisol levels. AIMS This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of interventions targeting perceived stress in older adults for perceived stress, depression, anxiety, and cortisol levels. METHODS A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane, CINAHL, PsycINFO, CNKI, SinoMed, VIP, and WanFang databases on January 9, 2024 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Pairwise meta-analysis and network meta-analysis (NMA) were conducted using Review Manager v.5.4 and Stata v.16.0. RESULTS A total of 23 RCTs were included. The reminiscence therapy had the highest probability (98.6%) of being the most promising intervention to reduce perceived stress, followed by exercise (68.1%) and yoga (56.1%). The included interventions had benefits on cortisol levels (SMD = -0.30; 95% CI [-0.54, -0.06]; p = 0.01). Moreover, exercise showed positive effects on reducing depression (SMD = -1.84; 95% CI [-3.69, 0.01]; p = 0.05), and it was ranked as the most promising method for depression or anxiety. Health education also reduced anxiety symptoms compared to control group (SMD = -0.77; 95% CI [-1.27, -0.26]; p = 0.03). LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION Interventions targeting perceived stress had overall benefits in reducing perceived stress in older adults, especially reminiscence therapy and exercise. Exercise and health education each had potential benefits for alleviating depression and anxiety, respectively. More high-quality RCTs are needed to obtain more robust conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Zhu
- School of Nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Chen
- School of Nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Ding
- School of Nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Li
- School of Nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Yu P, Yu L, Li Y, Qian C, Hu J, Zhu W, Liu F, Wang Q. Emotional and visual responses to trypophobic images with object, animal, or human body backgrounds: an eye-tracking study. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1467608. [PMID: 39737229 PMCID: PMC11684096 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1467608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 11/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/01/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Trypophobia refers to the visual discomfort (e.g., disgust or anxiety) experienced by some people when viewing clusters of bumps or holes. The spectral profile framework suggests that the spectral components of clustered patterns induces trypophobia. In contrast, the cognitive framework speculates that cognitive appraisal of dangerous objects (e.g., ectoparasites) causes trypophobia. A background effect (e.g., more disgust toward trypophobic patterns on the skin than on a desk) seems to support the cognitive framework. However, there is no study providing objective evidence for that effect and verifying these frameworks at the same time. This study aims to address that limitation by psychometric and eye-tracking experiments. Methods We recruited 183 participants from colleges. Initially, participants finished a personality questionnaire. The cohort then completed an eye-tracking experiment which showed the trypophobic pattern of lotus seed on three categories of background images (objects, animals and human bodies). Finally, participants rated the image's disgust and arousal levels using a self-assessment rating scale. Meanwhile, we compared all images' luminosity and power spectra. Results Trypophobic images with the human body or animal backgrounds induced a higher level of disgust and arousal than those with the object backgrounds. Participants gazed faster and dwelled longer at the trypophobic patterns on human body images than on object or animal images. Furthermore, trypophobic images with human body or animal backgrounds induced more substantial pupil dilation than those upon object backgrounds. No significant difference was detected between the power of trypophobic images with human body backgrounds and objects backgrounds. As the trypophobic images with human body backgrounds induced significant emotional or visual responses compared to those with inanimate object backgrounds. Such inconsistent results imply that the differential emotional or visual responses to trypophobic images are probably not induced by the difference in power spectra. Finally, the disgust/arousal level toward trypophobic images did not correlate with personality traits. Conclusion These results supported the background effect of trypophobia, namely, trypophobic images with animal or human body backgrounds induce more severe disgust and cause more arousal than those with object backgrounds. Our results support the cognitive, but not spectral profile, framework of trypophobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Yu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Yu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Xinchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xinchang, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuting Li
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia Hu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiyi Zhu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Mental Health and Drug Discovery, Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research for Mental Disorders, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Grillo AR, Starr LR, Vrshek‐Schallhorn S. Examining hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis genetic variation on cortisol and alpha-amylase reactivity during an explicit negative-evaluative stress induction. Stress Health 2024; 40:e3484. [PMID: 39365170 PMCID: PMC11636444 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Prior work consistently links additive genetic variation in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis-a multilocus genetic profile score (MGPS)-to depression risk in the context of stress exposure. However, despite that HPA MGPS variants were selected based on evidence that they elevate cortisol reactivity, there are surprisingly few tests of whether an HPA MGPS elevates cortisol reactivity to lab-based stress. Similarly, despite neurobiological connections and coordination between the HPA axis and the sympathetic nervous system (e.g., in the paraventricular nucleus and locus coeruleus), no work has tested whether an HPA MGPS influences sympathetic nervous system reactivity to stress. We investigated whether an HPA MGPS moderates the relation between lab-based stress and: (1) HPA activity indexed by cortisol, and/or (2) sympathetic activity indexed by salivary alpha-amylase, sAA. Emerging adults (N = 152; mean age = 19.5, largest subsample 44.4% Black/African American) were randomly assigned to one of two Trier Social Stress Test variations, a non-evaluative control, or an explicitly negative-evaluative condition. Participants provided DNA and repeated saliva samples for sAA and cortisol. The HPA MGPS did not significantly moderate the relationship between stress condition and cortisol or sAA reactivity, respectively; moreover, post-hoc tests highlight that individual polymorphisms showed non-significant effects in opposite directions from each other, cancelling out in aggregate. Findings suggest that the HPA MGPS's associations with cortisol reactivity are not as straightforward as initially believed. We speculate that the relationships of some HPA variants to biomarker reactivity may vary between modest lab-based stressors and the explicit negative-evaluative induction used here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra R. Grillo
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of North Carolina at GreensboroGreensboroNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Lisa R. Starr
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of RochesterRochesterNew YorkUSA
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Naber M, Houben SIM, Brouwer AM. Assessing last month's stress levels with an automated facial behavior scan. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 251:104645. [PMID: 39647451 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 11/24/2024] [Accepted: 12/04/2024] [Indexed: 12/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Stress is one of the most pressing problems in society as it severely reduces the physical and mental wellbeing of people. It is therefore of great importance to accurately monitor stress levels, especially in work environments. However, contemporary stress assessments, such as questionnaires and physiological measurements, have practical limitations, mostly related to their subjective or contact-based nature. To assess stress objectively and conveniently, we developed an automated model that detects biomarkers in webcam-recorded facial behavior indicative of heightened stress levels, using computer vision, artificial intelligence, and machine learning techniques. Heart-rate induced skin pulsations and facial muscle activity were extracted from videos of 264 participants that performed an online mental capacity test under considerable time pressure. The model could successfully use these facial biomarkers to explain a significant proportion of individual differences in scores on a self-perceived stress scale. Next, we used the model to objectively score stress levels of 63 military candidates (pre-hiring) and 69 military personnel (post-hiring) that also performed the mental capacity test. Results showed that military personnel expressed facial behavior indicative of significantly higher stress levels than military candidates. This suggests that joining the military heightens overall stress levels. With this study we take the first steps towards a non-contact, automated, and objective measure of stress that is easily applicable in a variety of health and work contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marnix Naber
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sterre I M Houben
- Centre for Man in Aviation, Royal Netherlands Air Force, Soesterberg, the Netherlands; Defense Personnel and Organization Division, Ministry of Defense, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie Brouwer
- Human Performance, TNO Human Factors, Soesterberg, the Netherlands; Artificial Intelligence, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Javelle F, Bloch W, Borges U, Burberg T, Collins B, Gunasekara N, Hosang TJ, Jacobsen T, Laborde S, Löw A, Schenk A, Schlagheck ML, Schoser D, Vogel A, Walzik D, Zimmer P. Eight weeks of high-intensity interval training versus stretching do not change the psychoneuroendocrine response to a social stress test in emotionally impulsive humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:2893-2908. [PMID: 38710835 PMCID: PMC11467018 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05471-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Research supports physical activity as a method to heighten stress resistance and resilience through positive metabolic alterations mostly affecting the neuroendocrine system. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been proposed as a highly effective time-saving method to induce those changes. However, existing literature relies heavily on cross-sectional analyses, with few randomised controlled trials highlighting the necessity for more exercise interventions. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effects of HIIT versus an active control group on the stress response to an acute psychosocial stressor in emotionally impulsive humans (suggested as being strong stress responders). METHODS The study protocol was registered online (DRKS00016589) before data collection. Sedentary, emotionally impulsive adults (30.69 ± 8.20 y) were recruited for a supervised intervention of 8 weeks and randomly allocated to either a HIIT (n = 25) or a stretching group (n = 19, acting as active controls). Participants were submitted to a test battery, including saliva samples, questionnaires (self-efficacy- and perceived stress-related), visual analogue scales (physical exercise- and stress-related), and resting electroencephalography and electrocardiography assessing their reaction to an acute psychological stressor (Trier Social Stress Test) before and after the exercise intervention. RESULTS HIIT increased aerobic fitness in all participants, whereas stretching did not. Participants from the HIIT group reported perceiving exercising more intensively than those from the active control group (ƞp2 = 0.108, p = 0.038). No further group differences were detected. Both interventions largely increased levels of joy post-TSST (ƞp2 = 0.209, p = 0.003) whilst decreasing tension (ƞp2 = 0.262, p < 0.001) and worries (ƞp2 = 0.113, p = 0.037). Finally, both interventions largely increased perceived levels of general self-efficacy (ƞp2 = 0.120, p = 0.029). CONCLUSION This study suggests that 8 weeks of HIIT does not change the psychoneuroendocrine response to an acute psychological stress test compared to an active control group in emotionally impulsive humans. Further replications of supervised exercise studies highly powered with active and passive controls are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Javelle
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - W Bloch
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - U Borges
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Health and Social Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - T Burberg
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - B Collins
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - N Gunasekara
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - T J Hosang
- Experimental Psychology Unit, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Helmut Schmidt University/University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Jacobsen
- Experimental Psychology Unit, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Helmut Schmidt University/University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Laborde
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - A Löw
- Experimental Psychology Unit, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Helmut Schmidt University/University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Schenk
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - M L Schlagheck
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - D Schoser
- Institute of Movement Therapy and Movement-Oriented Prevention and Rehabilitation, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - A Vogel
- University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - D Walzik
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - P Zimmer
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
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Handelzalts JE, Ohayon S, Levy S, Peled Y. Risk psychosocial factors associated with postpartum depression trajectories from birth to six months. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024; 59:1685-1696. [PMID: 38193942 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02604-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess the trajectory of women's depressive symptoms during the first six months postpartum, identify risk factors (sociodemographic, obstetric and personality) associated with classes, and examine associations between classes and postpartum PTSD at two months and bonding at six months. METHODS The final sample included 212 women who gave birth in the maternity wards of a large tertiary health center that were approached at 1-3 days, two months, and six months postpartum and completed a demographic questionnaire and measures of neuroticism (BFI) and postpartum depression (EPDS), postpartum PTSD (City Birth Trauma Scale) and bonding (PBQ). Obstetric data were taken from the medical files. RESULTS Cluster analysis revealed three distinctive clusters: "stable-low" (64.2%), "transient-decreasing" (25.9%), and "stable-high" (9.9%). Neuroticism, general-related PTSD symptoms, and bonding were associated with differences between all trajectories. Birth-related PTSD symptoms were associated with differences between both stable-high and transient-decreasing trajectories and the stable-low trajectory. No obstetric or demographic variables were associated with differences between trajectories. CONCLUSION We suggest that screening women for vulnerabilities such as high levels of neuroticism and offering treatment can alleviate the possible deleterious effects of high-symptom depression trajectories that may be associated with their vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Eliahu Handelzalts
- School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College of Tel-Aviv Yafo, 68114, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Shay Ohayon
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Sigal Levy
- School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College of Tel-Aviv Yafo, 68114, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yoav Peled
- Rabin Medical Center, The Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Petach-Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Le Saux O, Canada B, Debarnot U, Haouhache NEH, Lehot JJ, Binay M, Cortet M, Rimmelé T, Duclos A, Rode G, Lilot M, Schlatter S. Association of Personality Traits With the Efficacy of Stress Management Interventions for Medical Students Taking Objective Structured Clinical Examinations. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2024; 99:784-793. [PMID: 38534105 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000005714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Personality traits are associated with psychophysiological stress, but few studies focus on medical students. This study aimed to better understand the association of personality traits with the efficacy of stress management interventions for medical students. METHOD A randomized controlled trial was conducted with fourth-year students who took the objective structured clinical examination at Bernard University Lyon 1 in December 2021. Students were randomized in cardiac biofeedback, mindfulness, and control groups. Each intervention was implemented for 6 minutes before the examination. Physiological stress levels were collected during the intervention. Psychological stress levels were rated by students at baseline and after the intervention. Personality traits were assessed via the Big-Five Inventory. Interactions between personality traits and the efficacy of the interventions were analyzed using multivariable linear regression models. RESULTS Four hundred eighty-one students participated. Higher baseline psychological stress levels were associated with higher neuroticism and agreeableness ( β = 10.27 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 7.40-13.13; P < .001] and β = 3.42 [95% CI, 0.98-5.85; P = .006], respectively) and lower openness ( β = -4.95; 95% CI, -7.40 to -2.49; P < .001). As compared with the control intervention, both stress management interventions led to lower levels of psychological ( P < .001 for both) and physiological stress levels (biofeedback: P < .001 and mindfulness: P = .009). Biofeedback efficacy varied by extraversion score for psychological ( β = -5.66; 95% CI, -10.83 to -0.50; P = .03) and physiological stress reduction ( β = -0.002; 95% CI, -0.003 to -0.00004; P = .045). Mindfulness efficacy varied by agreeableness score for psychological stress reduction ( β = -7.87; 95% CI, -13.05 to -2.68; P = .003). CONCLUSIONS Students with a high score in extraversion may benefit more from biofeedback interventions, while students with high scores in agreeableness may benefit more from mindfulness interventions.
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10
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Tyne WP, Fletcher D, Stevinson C, Paine NJ. Cardiovascular reactivity to acute psychological stress is associated with generalized self-efficacy and self-efficacy outcomes during adventure challenges. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14540. [PMID: 38361367 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Outdoor adventure challenges are commonly used to enhance self-efficacy, but the physiological mechanisms involved remain unexplored. Additionally, while studies have documented the influence of self-efficacy on stress management, general self-efficacy has yet to be fully understood in the context of cardiovascular stress reactivity (CVR). This study investigated the influence of self-efficacy beliefs on CVR during acute psychological stress tasks. Additionally, it explored whether CVR serves as a novel mechanism underlying the outcomes of outdoor adventure challenges. As part of a wider randomized controlled trial, participants (n = 55) were invited to complete a laboratory session to assess CVR to an active (paced auditory serial addition test (PASAT)) and a passive (cold pressor test (CPT)) stress task. Randomized participants (n = 33) to the experimental condition also engaged in a high ropes challenge course after the laboratory session. It was found that greater self-reported self-efficacy was associated with larger CVR during the CPT and positively associated with perceived engagement and performance during the PASAT. Secondly, participants reporting positive change in self-efficacy post-intervention were associated with greater CVR and greater CVR was associated with higher ratings of intervention engagement and perceived challenge. This study provides preliminary evidence suggesting that greater efficacy beliefs may heighten CVR to passive acute psychological stressors. Habitual stress reactivity may represent a novel mechanism involved in outdoor and adventure-based interventions. Future research should continue to explore the impact of psychological variables on stress physiology and examine CVR as a potential mechanism in adventure experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Tyne
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - David Fletcher
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Clare Stevinson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Nicola J Paine
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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11
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Chen B, Zhang J, Yu S, Yu NX. Trajectories and determinants of acute stress disorder during the COVID-19 centralized quarantine: A latent class growth analysis. Stress Health 2024; 40:e3351. [PMID: 38018760 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 centralized quarantine may cause acute stress disorder (ASD). However, it is unknown how individuals present heterogeneous ASD trajectories during the COVID-19 centralized quarantine and what factors contribute to these patterns. This study aimed to identify the ASD trajectories and their determinants during the centralized quarantine period, and the mediating effects of resilience on these associations. A longitudinal survey with three waves was conducted in a randomly selected quarantine hotel in Shenzhen, China from October to November 2020. A total of 273 participants completed online measures assessing ASD symptoms, Eysenck's personality constructs of extraversion (E), neuroticism (N), psychoticism (P), and resilience on Day 1, and reported ASD symptoms on Days 7 and 14 during their 14-day centralized quarantine periods. Latent class growth analysis identified three trajectories: constantly high symptoms (CHS, 4.76%), decreasing symptoms (DS, 11.72%), and constantly low symptoms (CLS, 83.52%). The CHS and DS subgroups both reported lower E and higher N scores, but not P, compared with the CLS subgroup. Resilience mediated the effects of three personality constructs on ASD trajectories, except for the association between N and DS membership. Our study highlights the heterogeneity in stress responses to the COVID-19 centralized quarantine. The high-risk subgroup with persistent ASD symptoms was characterized by lower E and higher N. The resilience process accounted for the effects of personality in shaping distinct ASD trajectories. Our findings have implications to detect the populations vulnerable to ASD and provide insights for developing timely resilience enhancement intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Chen
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuxin Yu
- School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- The Second People's Hospital of Futian District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nancy Xiaonan Yu
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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12
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Shaik A, Batchu P, Naldurtiker A, Gurrapu P, Kouakou B, Terrill TH, Kannan G. Influence of epinephrine reactivity to stress on meat quality in goats. Transl Anim Sci 2024; 8:txae078. [PMID: 38827159 PMCID: PMC11143493 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txae078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The magnitude of physiological responses to a stressor can vary among individual goats within a herd; however, whether these differences can differentially affect meat quality is not known. This study was conducted to determine the influence of the magnitude of epinephrine response (ER) to acute stress on muscle metabolome and meat quality in goats. Male Spanish goats (6 mo old) were transported for 180 min. (N = 75 goats; 25 goats/d) to impose stress. Blood samples were obtained after transport for analysis of physiological responses. Goats were slaughtered using humane procedures and samples were collected for muscle metabolomics and meat quality analyses. The data obtained from blood and muscle/meat analysis were then categorized based on epinephrine concentrations into low (LE), medium (ME), and high (HE) ER groups (n = 12/ER group). The physiological and meat quality variables were analyzed as a Completely Randomized Design in SAS, and metabolomics data were analyzed using R software. Plasma glucose concentrations were significantly high in the HE group, low in the LE group, and intermediate in the ME group (P < 0.05). However, leukocyte counts and cortisol, norepinephrine, blood urea nitrogen, and creatine concentrations were not different among the ER groups. Muscle (Longissimus dorsi) glycogen concentrations (15 min postmortem) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the ME and LE groups than in the HE group. However, postmortem Longissimus muscle pH and temperature (15 min and 24 h), 24 h calpastatin and desmin levels, and rib chop color (L*, a*, and b*), cooking loss, and Warner-Bratzler shear force values were unaffected by ER. Targeted metabolomics analysis of Longissimus muscle (15 min) revealed that diacyl phosphatidylcholines (C38:0; 40:6) and sphingomyelin (C20:2) were significantly different (P < 0.05) among the ER groups, with the concentrations of these metabolites being consistently high in the LE group. These differential muscle metabolite concentrations suggest that ER can influence biochemical pathways associated with cell membrane integrity and signaling. ER had a significant effect on dopamine concentrations, with the levels increasing with increasing levels of ER. The results indicate that differences in epinephrine reactivity can influence selected physiological responses and muscle metabolites; however, it does not significantly influence meat quality attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Shaik
- Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, Georgia 31030, USA
| | - Phaneendra Batchu
- Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, Georgia 31030, USA
| | - Aditya Naldurtiker
- Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, Georgia 31030, USA
| | - Priyanka Gurrapu
- Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, Georgia 31030, USA
| | - Brou Kouakou
- Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, Georgia 31030, USA
| | - Thomas H Terrill
- Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, Georgia 31030, USA
| | - Govind Kannan
- Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, Georgia 31030, USA
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Franc S, Bensaid S, Schaepelynck P, Orlando L, Lopes P, Charpentier G. Impact of chronic emotions and psychosocial stress on glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes. Heterogeneity of glycemic responses, biological mechanisms, and personalized medical treatment. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2023; 49:101486. [PMID: 37858921 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2023.101486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have clearly established that chronic psychosocial stress may sustainably worsen glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DMM), thus promoting diabetes complications. Chronic psychosocial stress may be due to: i) the long-term accumulation of stressful life events that require readjustment on the part of the individual (loosing friends, changing schools), and/or ii) exposure to severe chronic stressors (persistent difficulties and adversities of life). Whatever the reason, many studies have clearly established a positive correlation between chronic psychosocial stress and HbA1c levels. However, a small fraction of patients is minimally affected or not affected at all by chronic psychosocial stress. Conversely, positive life events can substantially improve glycemic control. Recent evidence suggests the existence of subpopulations that differ in personality traits, neurohormonal regulatory responses, and food intake behavior (increased or decreased). Better characterization of the clinical and neurohormonal differences between these subpopulations may help develop personalized treatment strategies in the future. In the near future, psychotherapeutic support and automated insulin delivery (AID) could alleviate chronic stress, prevent worsening glycemic control, and ease the burden of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Franc
- French Center for Studies and Research on the Intensification of Diabetes Treatment, CERITD, Evry, France; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, South Francilien Hospital Centre, Corbeil-Essonnes, France.
| | - Samir Bensaid
- French Center for Studies and Research on the Intensification of Diabetes Treatment, CERITD, Evry, France
| | - Pauline Schaepelynck
- Department of Nutrition-Endocrinology-Metabolic Diseases, Pôle ENDO, APHM-Hôpital la Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Orlando
- French Center for Studies and Research on the Intensification of Diabetes Treatment, CERITD, Evry, France
| | - Philippe Lopes
- LBEPS, Laboratory of Exercise Biology for Performance and Health, Evry University, Evry-Courcouronnes, France
| | - Guillaume Charpentier
- French Center for Studies and Research on the Intensification of Diabetes Treatment, CERITD, Evry, France; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, South Francilien Hospital Centre, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
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14
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Schneider S, Grosse Holtforth M, Wettstein A, Jenni G, Kühne F, Tschacher W, La Marca R. The diurnal course of salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase on workdays and leisure days in teachers and the role of social isolation and neuroticism. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286475. [PMID: 37256854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Teachers are among the occupational groups with the highest sick leave rates due to workplace stress and burnout symptoms. A substantial body of research has suggested social isolation and neuroticism to be related to physiological stress activity. However, the relationship between such characteristics and stress experiences has rarely been studied in conjunction with physiological stress indicators in the teachers' natural settings. Thus, the present study examines salivary cortisol and α-amylase as physiological stress indicators on teachers' work and leisure days and their relationship with social isolation. Furthermore, we test whether neuroticism moderates the relationship between social isolation and salivary biomarkers. Forty-two teachers completed questionnaires assessing social isolation (Trier Inventory for the Assessment of Chronic Stress) and neuroticism (Big-Five Inventory). Participants collected eight saliva samples on three days, two workdays, and one leisure day to measure the concentration of cortisol and α-amylase as biomarkers of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the autonomic nervous system (ANS), respectively. Results showed a significantly higher Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR) and diurnal cortisol slope (DCS) on workdays than on the leisure day but no significant differences regarding measures of α-amylase. We found a significant positive relationship between social isolation and the CAR on the leisure day but no association with the α-amylase measures. Furthermore, after controlling for confounders, social isolation was unrelated to neuroticism, and the latter did not moderate between social isolation and the CAR. Our findings suggest an association between social isolation and the HPA axis, i.e., the CAR, but do not support an association with the ANS, which would be indicated by the α-amylase assessments. Finally, our findings could not support an association of neuroticism with the HPA axis and ANS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Schneider
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Research and Development, University of Teacher Education Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Grosse Holtforth
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Psychosomatic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Wettstein
- Department of Research and Development, University of Teacher Education Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Jenni
- Department of Research and Development, University of Teacher Education Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Kühne
- Department of Research and Development, University of Teacher Education Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Tschacher
- Experimental Psychology Division, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roberto La Marca
- Department of Research and Development, University of Teacher Education Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Clinica Holistica Engiadina, Centre for Stress-Related Disorders, Susch, Switzerland
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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Gomes Arrulo-Clarke T, Doumas M, Papageorgiou KA. Narcissism in the context of stress: the influence of learned information on attitudes and stress outcomes. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03922-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPrevious research indicates narcissism can aid stress management. Nonetheless, its common perception and dissemination as socially aversive may hamper its acknowledgment and use as an asset in the context of stress. This experimental study investigated the effects of receiving positive or negative information (i.e., prompts) about narcissism in the context of stress on attitudes towards this trait’s association with stress. It also assessed individuals’ experiences of narcissism’s stress-coping properties when one believes themselves to be a high narcissism scorer, via an online survey. Hundred and five adults ($${M}_{age}$$
M
age
= 32.0; 22–64 years) completed measures of state-stress, music preferences, and narcissism. They were then randomly assigned to either the positive or negative prompt groups, being shown information highlighting the positive or negative impact of narcissism on stress management, respectively. Participants were then informed they scored above average on narcissism, despite their actual questionnaire scores, and undertook a stress-inducing procedure. Self-reported stress, implicit and explicit attitudes were measured pre- and post-prompt presentation. Results showed that, while prompts did not influence attitudes nor stress outcomes, individuals displayed neutral implicit attitudes towards narcissism’s association with stress across measurement timepoints. These findings suggest that people’s attitudes towards narcissism in the context of stress have not been deteriorated by this trait’s predominant negative depiction outside this context. Therefore, the dissemination and establishment of narcissism as an asset for stress-coping may be received by the general population with less resistance than anticipated.
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16
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Personality traits affect anticipatory stress vulnerability and coping effectiveness in occupational critical care situations. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20965. [PMID: 36470906 PMCID: PMC9722917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24905-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed at investigating the influence of personality on both anticipatory stress vulnerability and the effectiveness of coping strategies in an occupational stressful context. Following assessment of individual personality traits (Big Five Inventory), 147 volunteers were exposed to the anticipation of a stressful event. Anxiety and cardiac reactivity were assessed as markers of vulnerability to anticipatory stress. Participants were then randomly assigned to three groups and subjected to a 5-min intervention: relaxation breathing, relaxation breathing combined with cardiac biofeedback, and control. The effectiveness of coping interventions was determined through the cardiac coherence score achieved during the intervention. Higher neuroticism was associated with higher anticipatory stress vulnerability, whereas higher conscientiousness and extraversion were related to lower anticipatory stress vulnerability. Relaxation breathing and biofeedback coping interventions contributed to improve the cardiac coherence in all participants, albeit with greater effectiveness in individuals presenting higher score of openness to experience. The present findings demonstrated that personality traits are related to both anticipatory stress vulnerability and effectiveness of coping interventions. These results bring new insights into practical guidelines for stress prevention by considering personality traits. Specific practical applications for health professionals, who are likely to manage stressful situations daily, are discussed.
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17
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Ng MH, Lua VY, Majeed NM, Hartanto A. Does trait self-esteem serve as a protective factor in maintaining daily affective well-being? Multilevel analyses of daily diary studies in the US and Singapore. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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18
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Fagerberg T, Söderman E, Gustavsson JP, Agartz I, Jönsson EG. Thirteen-year follow-up of long-term treated psychotic disorder: personality aspects. Nord J Psychiatry 2022; 76:386-393. [PMID: 34620037 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2021.1981436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Personality is an aspect that can affect the symptoms and social function in individuals with psychotic disorders. Several studies have investigated personality in schizophrenia and other long-term psychotic disorders. No study has examined the stability of personality traits exceeding five years in patients with schizophrenia and related disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the stability of personality traits over a 13-year period among patients with schizophrenia and related disorders and healthy individuals and to evaluate case-control differences. METHODS At three occasions during a 13-year period patients with schizophrenia and related disorders (n = 28) and healthy individuals (n = 57) completed Swedish universities Scales of Personality (SSP). Mean-level change and case-control differences were investigated for all the individuals using within- and between-subject analyses, respectively. Analyses were performed on three occasions for all 13 subscales and the three overall factors of SSP. Also, correlations, means, and SDs were calculated. RESULTS Tests of within-subject correlations showed differences in two subscales: Lack of Assertiveness, which were influenced by age, and Physical Trait Aggression, where patients' ratings were stable, whereas controls rated themselves less aggressive at a higher age. Between-subjects correlations showed differences regarding diagnosis, time, age, gender, or age × gender in nine of the 13 subscales as well as in factor Neuroticism. CONCLUSION Long-term follow-up showed generally high stability of personality traits measured with SSP. Between-subject analyses over the 13 years showed that patients differed compared to controls for the SSP factor Neuroticism as well as the subscale Detachment, which is in accordance with previous studies within this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Fagerberg
- Human Brain Informatics (HUBIN), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Söderman
- Human Brain Informatics (HUBIN), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Petter Gustavsson
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Human Brain Informatics (HUBIN), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden.,NORMENT - TOP study, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik G Jönsson
- Human Brain Informatics (HUBIN), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden.,NORMENT - TOP study, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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19
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Vaz J, Bartley A, Hunt J. Personality matters: exploring the relationship between personality and stress physiology in captive African lions. BMC ZOOL 2022; 7:30. [PMID: 37170353 PMCID: PMC10127340 DOI: 10.1186/s40850-022-00126-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Considering animals as individuals and not as species is becoming increasingly essential to animal welfare management in captive settings. Recent studies on big cat personalities and coping strategies suggest personality can help big cats cope in their surroundings. Yet a large portion of the published literature focuses on understanding either the personality or stress physiology of big cats. Our research shows how integrating an improved understanding of the personality of big cats with stress physiology may enhance welfare, especially for endangered species like African lions. By using a wild cat personality checklist, this study compared the key personality dimensions of 22 African lions with its faecal glucocorticoids and assessed factors influencing their personality and stress physiology.
Results
We found two reliable personality dimensions for African lions (dominance and agreeableness) and identified key factors (sex, age and location) that may influence their personality. Further, on testing if these factors influenced the stress physiology through variations in glucocorticoid levels, there was no significant difference. However, there was a strong negative association between agreeableness and glucocorticoid levels. These results suggest that the behavioural traits loading positively and higher for agreeableness are associated with lower glucocorticoid stress levels, which may assist a lion to cope with stressors in its surroundings.
Conclusions
Our findings highlight this integrated approach of linking personality and stress physiology of big cats can be beneficial for caretakers. For example, during stressful veterinary procedures or in reintroduction programs, recognizing the personality of lions can help in designing or providing them with resources that will alleviate stress. Thus, there is a need for more interdisciplinary approaches that will contribute towards enhancing the individual and overall welfare of big cats.
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Montoliu T, Pulopulos MM, Puig-Pérez S, Hidalgo V, Salvador A. Mediation of perceived stress and cortisol in the association between neuroticism and global cognition in older adults: A longitudinal study. Stress Health 2022; 38:290-303. [PMID: 34363312 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Neuroticism has been associated with a greater dementia risk, but its association with cognitive decline in healthy older adults remains unclear. Stress has been proposed as one of the mechanisms that could explain this relationship. Our aim was to analyse, in healthy older people, the mediating role of perceived stress and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis in the association between neuroticism and global cognition. At Waves 1 and 2 (4-year follow-up), 87 older people (49.4% women; M age = 65.08, SD = 4.54 at Wave 1) completed a neuropsychological battery and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and provided saliva samples on two (Wave 1) and three (Wave 2) consecutive days to measure the wake-to-bed slope. In Wave 2, neuroticism was assessed with the NEO-Five-Factor Inventory. PSS, but not the wake-to-bed slope, mediated the negative associations between neuroticism and global cognition (Waves 1, 2 and change). Regarding gender differences, PSS (Waves 1, 2 and change) and the wake-to-bed slope (Wave 2 and change) mediated these associations in men. Our results suggest that perceived stress and HPA-axis dysregulation could act as mechanisms underlying the association between neuroticism and cognitive functioning and decline, at least in older men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Montoliu
- Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, Psychobiology-IDOCAL, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Matías M Pulopulos
- IIS Aragón, Department of Psychology and Sociology, Area of Psychobiology, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
| | - Sara Puig-Pérez
- Research Group of Psychology and Quality of Life, Valencian International University, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vanesa Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, Psychobiology-IDOCAL, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,IIS Aragón, Department of Psychology and Sociology, Area of Psychobiology, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
| | - Alicia Salvador
- Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, Psychobiology-IDOCAL, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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21
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Traniello IM, Hamilton AR, Gernat T, Cash-Ahmed AC, Harwood GP, Ray AM, Glavin A, Torres J, Goldenfeld N, Robinson GE. Context-dependent influence of threat on honey bee social network dynamics and brain gene expression. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:jeb243738. [PMID: 35202460 PMCID: PMC9001921 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Adverse social experience affects social structure by modifying the behavior of individuals, but the relationship between an individual's behavioral state and its response to adversity is poorly understood. We leveraged naturally occurring division of labor in honey bees and studied the biological embedding of environmental threat using laboratory assays and automated behavioral tracking of whole colonies. Guard bees showed low intrinsic levels of sociability compared with foragers and nurse bees, but large increases in sociability following exposure to a threat. Threat experience also modified the expression of caregiving-related genes in a brain region called the mushroom bodies. These results demonstrate that the biological embedding of environmental experience depends on an individual's societal role and, in turn, affects its future sociability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M. Traniello
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Adam R. Hamilton
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Tim Gernat
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Swarm Intelligence and Complex Systems Group, Department of Computer Science, Leipzig University, Liepzig D-04109, Germany
| | - Amy C. Cash-Ahmed
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Gyan P. Harwood
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Allyson M. Ray
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Abigail Glavin
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jacob Torres
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Nigel Goldenfeld
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Gene E. Robinson
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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22
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The personality traits activity, self-reproach, and negative affect jointly predict clinical recurrence, depressive symptoms, and low quality of life in inflammatory bowel disease patients. J Gastroenterol 2022; 57:848-866. [PMID: 35900592 PMCID: PMC9596530 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-022-01902-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bidirectional "gut-brain axis" has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). While the influence of stress and depressive symptoms on IBD is well-characterized, the role of personality remains insufficiently investigated. METHODS Personality was assessed in 1154 Swiss IBD cohort study (SIBDCS) patients via the NEO-Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) as well as in 2600 participants of the population-based CoLaus¦PsyCoLaus cohort study (NEO-FFI-revised). The NEO-FFI subcomponents activity, self-reproach and negative affect were associated with higher IBD disease activity and were combined to a NEO-FFI risk score. This risk score was validated and its effect on clinical IBD course and psychological endpoints was analysed in time-to-event and cumulative incidence analyses. RESULTS In time-to-event analyses, a high NEO-FFI risk score was predictive for the clinical endpoints of new extraintestinal manifestation [EIM, adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.64, corrected p value (q) = 0.036] and two established composite flare endpoints (aHR = 1.53-1.63, q = 0.003-0.006) as well as for the psychological endpoints depressive symptoms (aHR = 7.06, q < 0.001) and low quality of life (aHR = 3.06, q < 0.001). Furthermore, cumulative incidence analyses showed that patients at high NEO-FFI risk experienced significantly more episodes of active disease, new EIMs, one of the flare endpoints, depressive episodes and low disease-related quality of life. Personalities of IBD patients showed only minor differences from the general population sample (Pearson's r = 0.03-0.14). CONCLUSIONS Personality assessed by the NEO-FFI contained considerable predictive power for disease recurrence, depressive symptoms and low quality of life in IBD patients. Nevertheless, the personalities of IBD patients did not substantially differ from the general population.
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23
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Raymond C, Provencher J, Bilodeau-Houle A, Leclerc J, Marin MF. A longitudinal investigation of psychological distress in children during COVID-19: the role of socio-emotional vulnerability. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2022; 13:2021048. [PMID: 35087645 PMCID: PMC8788367 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.2021048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the incidence of distress in youth, some children show increased resilience, emphasizing the need to better understand the predictors of distress in youth. OBJECTIVE This longitudinal study aimed to assess the combined impact of known socio-emotional predictors of stress-related psychopathology, namely anxiety sensitivity, anxiety trait, intolerance to uncertainty, and rumination, on COVID-related distress in healthy youth. METHOD A total of 92 parent-child dyads that previously participated in a laboratory-based experiment assessing observational fear learning in families between 2017 and 2019 (T0) were recontacted. Of them, 84 children aged between 9 and 14 agreed to participate. They completed online questionnaires in June 2020 (T1), September 2020 (T2), December 2020 (T3), and March 2021 (T4). Participants were free of mental illness at T0 and T1. To create a socio-emotional composite score (SECS), we measured anxiety sensitivity (Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index) at T0, trait anxiety (Trait subscale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAI-C)), intolerance to uncertainty (Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale for Children), and trait rumination (Children's Response Style Scale) at T1 and created a weighted z-score. To assess symptoms of anxiety, post-traumatic stress (PTS), and depression in reaction to COVID-19, participants completed the State subscale of the STAI-C, the Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale, and the Children's Depression Inventory at T1-T4. Three general linear models were run with sex, age group (9-11 and 12+ years old), and SECS as predictors. RESULTS Analyses revealed a SECS*Time interaction, with higher SECS predicting elevated anxiety symptoms at T1 and T4, and elevated PTS symptoms at T1 and T2. CONCLUSION These results suggest that healthy youth endorsing high levels of socio-emotional vulnerability to psychopathology have a higher risk of suffering from anxiety and PTS, but not depressive symptoms, in the year following a major stressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Raymond
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jessie Provencher
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexe Bilodeau-Houle
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Leclerc
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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24
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Mojsa-Kaja J, Szklarczyk K, González-Yubero S, Palomera R. Cognitive emotion regulation strategies mediate the relationships between Dark Triad traits and negative emotional states experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021; 181:111018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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25
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Limone P, Sinatra M, Ceglie F, Monacis L. Associations between Personality Traits and Basal Cortisol Responses in Sailing Athletes. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2021; 11:804-812. [PMID: 34563071 PMCID: PMC8544196 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe11030058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a paucity of literature regarding the psycho-physiological profiles of sailors on board. This study aimed at providing empirical evidence on the individual differences between bowmen and helmsmen taking into account a biopsychological perspective. To this purpose, sailors' profiles were examined by focusing on the association between personality traits and basal cortisol. The sample was composed of 104 athletes (Mage = 21.32, SD = 0.098; F = 35%), who fulfilled a self-reported questionnaire including a socio-demographic section and the Big Five questionnaire. Cortisol samples were collected on the day before the competition, within 30 min after awakening. T-test analysis showed significant differences on cortisol levels: bowmen obtained higher levels on cortisol responses compared to helmsmen. No differences emerged on personality traits between athletes' roles. Bivariate associations showed positive associations of cortisol responses with extraversion and conscientiousness in bowmen, whereas no significant associations of cortisol with personality traits were found in helmsmen. Regression analyses confirmed that sex and extraversion predicted higher level of cortisol responses. Results were discussed in terms of a bio-psychosocial theoretical approach and provided findings on the relationships between personality trait and the hypothalamus-pituitary adrenal (HPA) system in dinghy sailors. Suggestions for a more suitable selection of sailor roles were given to coaches in order to improve athletes' performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo Limone
- Department of Humanities, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Maria Sinatra
- Department of Education Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”,70122 Bari, Italy;
| | - Flavio Ceglie
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), Pathological Anatomy Section, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Lucia Monacis
- Department of Humanities, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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26
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Fagerberg T, Söderman E, Gustavsson JP, Agartz I, G Jönsson E. Swedish Universities Scales of Personality: Relation to Other Personality Instruments. Psychiatry Investig 2021; 18:373-384. [PMID: 33910329 PMCID: PMC8169328 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2020.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate associations between Swedish universities Scales of Personality (SSP) and scales of the following personality instruments: Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R axis II screening questionnaire (SCID-II screen), revised NEO personality inventory (NEO-PI-R), revised Chapman scales (Chapman) and the psychotic traits questionnaire (STQ). METHODS Healthy individuals (n=406) completed self-report personality questionnaires including SSP and at least one more personality inventory. Correlations were calculated between the 13 different SSP subscales as well as SSP's three factors and factors and scales/subscales in SCID-II screen, NEO-PI-R, Chapman and STQ. The main factors of the various instruments were factor analysed. ICC were calculated. RESULTS SSP Neuroticism factor correlated with SCID-II cluster C (r=0.71), NEO Neuroticism (r=0.80) and Chapman Social anhedonia (r=0.62). SSP Extraversion factor correlated with NEO Extraversion (r=0.63) and SSP Aggressiveness factor with NEO Agreeableness (r=-0.62). Strong correlations between SSP factors and scales and scales of the other instruments were sparse, although weaker correlations were common. CONCLUSION SSP is a useful investigation tool when measuring personality traits related to temperament-like features. SSP partly correlates well to especially three of the NEO-PI-R factors. The different personality inventories are not completely comparable to each other. Instead, they measure personality aspects in partly different ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Fagerberg
- Human Brain Informatics (HUBIN), Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Söderman
- Human Brain Informatics (HUBIN), Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Petter Gustavsson
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Human Brain Informatics (HUBIN), Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden.,NORMENT-TOP Study, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Psychiatry Section, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik G Jönsson
- Human Brain Informatics (HUBIN), Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden.,NORMENT-TOP Study, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Psychiatry Section, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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27
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Bellido-Esteban A, Beltrán-Velasco AI, Ruisoto-Palomera P, Nikolaidis PT, Knechtle B, Clemente-Suárez VJ. The Effect of Psychology Objective Structured Clinical Examination Scenarios Presentation Order on Students Autonomic Stress Response. Front Psychol 2021; 12:622102. [PMID: 33841253 PMCID: PMC8024632 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.622102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) is a method for assessment clinical competencies and skills. However, there is a need to improve its design in psychology programs. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of the different scenario's presentation order with different complexity/difficulty on the autonomic stress response of undergraduate students undergoing a Psychology OSCE. A total of 32 students of Psychology Bachelor's Degree (23.4 ± 2.5 years) were randomly selected and assigned to two OSCE scenarios of different complexity. While undergoing the scenarios, participants heart rate variability was analyzed as an indicator of participant's stress autonomic response. Results indicate that the order of presentation of different complexity/difficulty scenarios affects the autonomic stress response of undergraduate Psychology students undergoing an OSCE. Students who underwent the high-complexity scenario (difficult) first, reported significantly higher autonomic stress response than students who began the OSCE with the low-complexity scenario (easy). Highly complex or difficult scenarios require good executive functions or cognitive control, very sensitive to autonomic stress responses. Therefore, OSCE design will benefit from placing easy scenarios first.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pantelis T Nikolaidis
- Department of Physical and Cultural Education, Hellenic Army Academy, Athens, Greece.,Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Nikaia, Greece
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla, Colombia
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28
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Ma ZX, Zhang RY, Rui WJ, Wang ZQ, Feng X. Quercetin alleviates chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depressive-like behaviors by promoting adult hippocampal neurogenesis via FoxG1/CREB/ BDNF signaling pathway. Behav Brain Res 2021; 406:113245. [PMID: 33745981 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, has been reported to exert antidepressant effects, however, the underlying mechanisms are still uncertain. Recent studies have demonstrated that Forkhead box transcription factor G1 (FoxG1) regulates the process of adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) and exerts neuroprotective effects. In this study, we explored whether quercetin plays an anti-depressant role via regulation of FoxG1 signaling in mice and revealed the potential mechanisms. To explore the antidepressant effects of quercetin, mice were subjected to behavioral tests after a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) exposure. We found that chronic quercetin treatment (15 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg) obviously restored the weight loss of mice caused by CUMS and alleviated CUMS-induced depression-like behaviors, such as increased sucrose consumption, improved locomotor activity and shorten immobility time. In addition, to clarify the relationship between quercetin and AHN, we detected neurogenesis markers in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. Furthermore, FoxG1-siRNA was employed and then stimulated with quercetin to further investigate the mechanism by which FoxG1 participates in the antidepressant effects of quercetin. Our results indicate that chronic quercetin treatment dramatically increased the number of doublecortin (DCX)-positive and BrdU/NeuN-double positive cells. Besides, the expression levels of FoxG1, p-CREB and Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were also enhanced by quercetin in the DG. Strikingly, quercetin failed to reverse the levels of p-CREB and BDNF after FoxG1-siRNA was performed in SH-SY5Y cells and Neural Progenitor Cells (NPCs). Our results thus far suggest that quercetin might exert antidepressant effects via promotion of AHN by FoxG1/CREB/ BDNF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Xuan Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ru-Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Wen-Juan Rui
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi-Qing Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xia Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
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29
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Jedel E, Elfström ML, Hägglin C. Differences in personality, perceived stress and physical activity in women with burning mouth syndrome compared to controls. Scand J Pain 2021; 21:183-190. [PMID: 33108343 DOI: 10.1515/sjpain-2020-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a long-lasting pain condition which is commonly associated with anxiety symptoms and experience of adverse, stressful life events have been reported by those diagnosed with the syndrome. Stress-related biomarkers have been related to personality traits in BMS and a personality with high stress susceptibility and perceived stress may be of importance. Although biopsychosocial approaches are suggested to manage long-lasting orofacial pain, to date little is known about physical activity in women with BMS. The aim of this study was to investigate if personality, perceived stress and physical activity distinguish women with BMS from controls. METHODS Fifty-six women with BMS and 56 controls matched on age and gender completed Swedish universities Scales of Personality (SSP), Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) and a general questionnaire with an item on weekly physical activity frequency. In addition, health-related quality of life was explored by additional questionnaires and reported in a companion article (Jedel et al. Scand J Pain. 2020. PubMed PMID: 32853174). RESULTS SSP subscales Somatic Trait Anxiety, Psychic Trait Anxiety, Stress Susceptibility and Verbal Trait Aggression differed between women with BMS and controls and the personality factor scores for Neuroticism and Aggressiveness were higher. Perceived stress measured by PSQ index was higher for women with BMS compared to controls. Women with BMS reported lower physical activity frequency compared to controls and those reporting physical activity <4 days/week scored higher on PSQ compared to those with weekly physical activity ≥4 days/week. CONCLUSIONS Personality distinguished women with BMS from controls in this study. Perceived stress was higher and weekly physical activity was lower in women with BMS compared to controls. Our findings suggest physical activity should be more comprehensively measured in future BMS studies and, by extension, physical activity may be a treatment option for women with BMS. Pain management aiming to restore function and mobility with stress reduction should be considered in clinical decision making for women with BMS who have a personality with stress susceptibility, especially if reporting high perceived stress and insufficient physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Jedel
- Public Dental Service, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus L Elfström
- Division of Psychology, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Eskilstuna, Sweden
| | - Catharina Hägglin
- Public Dental Service, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Odontology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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30
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Harvie H, Rodrigo A, Briggs C, Thiessen S, Kelly DM. Does stress run through the leash? An examination of stress transmission between owners and dogs during a walk. Anim Cogn 2021; 24:239-250. [PMID: 33392915 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-020-01460-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Humans and dogs have co-evolved for over 10,000 years. Recent research suggests that, through the domestication process, dogs have become proficient at responding to human commands, attention and emotional states. However, the extent to which a companion dog responds to human emotions, such as stress, remains to be understood. This study examines whether a companion dog's stress, as measured by cortisol levels and heart rate, increases during a familiar outdoor walk in response to its owner's experience of stress. Sixty-eight owner/dog dyads participated in this study. The dyads were randomly assigned to an Experimental or Control group. Owners in the Experimental group were informed the walk would be digitally recorded for subsequent evaluation of their handling skills, whereas those in the Control group were informed the walk would be digitally recorded for archival purposes (no evaluation). This manipulation was implemented to induce a mild stress response in the owners. Salivary cortisol samples were collected from the owner and their dog before and after the walk. The dyad was also fitted with monitoring devices to record heart rate throughout the walk. Finally, personality information regarding the owner and their dog was collected. We found that cortisol production within the dyad showed a marginal inverse correlation. We also found that owners' Openness to Experience and dogs' Fearfulness influenced the heart rate of the other during the first minute of a walk. These results support that although stress may be detected within a dyad, this does not result in an associated significant change in cortisol or heart rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Harvie
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, 190 Dysart Rd., Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Alejandro Rodrigo
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, 190 Dysart Rd., Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Candace Briggs
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, 190 Dysart Rd., Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Shane Thiessen
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, 190 Dysart Rd., Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Debbie M Kelly
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, 190 Dysart Rd., Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
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31
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de la Fuente J, González-Torres MC, Artuch-Garde R, Vera-Martínez MM, Martínez-Vicente JM, Peralta-S'anchez FJ. Resilience as a Buffering Variable Between the Big Five Components and Factors and Symptoms of Academic Stress at University. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:600240. [PMID: 34305661 PMCID: PMC8295524 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.600240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to establish predictive relationships of the Big Five personality factors (according to their self-regulatory level), together with resilience (proactive and reactive factors), for factors and symptoms of academic stress related to teaching and learning in the University context. A total of 405 female undergraduate students were selected, and completed questionnaires that had been previously validated in Spanish University students (Big Five personality factors, resilience, and academic stress symptoms and factors). A linear, ex-post facto design was used, including linear regression, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), and mediational analyses. Specific linear regression showed the expected gradation: that self-regulatory personality factors (conscientiousness, extraversion) were positive linear predictors of proactive resilience, as well as significant negative predictors of stress factors and symptoms of academic stress; while the non-regulatory personality factors (openness to experience, agreeableness) showed little relationship. By contrast, the dysregulatory personality factor (neuroticism) was a negative predictor of proactive resilience, a positive predictor of reactive resilience, and positively predicted academic stress factors in the teaching and learning process, as well as stress symptoms. SEM general analysis showed that personality factors positively predicted resilience, and resilience negatively predicted factors and symptoms of academic stress. Specific mediational model analysis, with each personality factor, confirmed the different mediating relationships that appeared in the linear regression analyses. These results are discussed from the perspective of promoting resilience and healthy personalities in the University context. Implications for addressing academic stress at University are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús de la Fuente
- School of Education and Psychology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,School of Psychology, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | | | - Raquel Artuch-Garde
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Psychology, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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32
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Shao X, Sun D, Zhang B, Cheng L, Yan C, Zhu G. Association between GPx-1 polymorphisms and personality traits in healthy Chinese-Han subjects. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01897. [PMID: 33070477 PMCID: PMC7749609 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cloninger developed the three-dimensional personality theory and Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ), which shows that some dimensions of personality traits are heritable and related to neurotransmitters including dopamine. glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) plays an important role in metabolic dopamine change and closely relates to neurological and psychiatric disorders. The impact of GPx-1 polymorphisms has been rarely explored in the field of personality traits. We decide to explore the relationships between them in healthy Chinese-Han subjects by using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). METHODS In our study, 493 healthy Chinese-Han participants (male = 234, female = 259) were recruited. 2 ml of EDTA-treated blood from each volunteer was taken; meanwhile, personality traits were assessed by TPQ. We detected the genotypes of selected two polymorphisms through PCR-RFLP after extracting DNA. Finally, the association between different genotypes and TPQ scores was performed using SPSS, p < .05 is seen as significant statistical significance. RESULTS Our data found a correlation between rs1800668 and novelty seeking (NS) subscale NS2 (X2 = 7.392, p = .025). While the results showed the rs1050450 was significantly associated with NS4 (X2 = 6.059, p = .048). Regarding sex stratification, there was a significant difference in the NS2 score (X2 = 8.232, p = .016) among women for rs1800668. No sex effect was observed for either genotype for rs1050450. CONCLUSION GPx-1polymorphism is related to personality traits in healthy Chinese-Han subjects. Our results suggested that GPx-1 may be involved in the biological mechanisms and be a potential gene that influenced personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Shao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dongxue Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bihui Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lingfei Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ci Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gang Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Atkins R, Turner AJ, Chandola T, Sutton M. Going beyond the mean in examining relationships of adolescent non-cognitive skills with health-related quality of life and biomarkers in later-life. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2020; 39:100923. [PMID: 32919376 PMCID: PMC7725590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2020.100923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have established associations between early-life non-cognitive skills and later-life health and health behaviours. However, no study addresses the more important policy concern about how this relationship varies along the health distribution. We use unconditional quantile regression to analyse the effects of adolescent non-cognitive skills across the distributions of the health-related quality of life at age 50 and biomarkers at age 45 years. We examine the effects of measures of conscientiousness, agreeableness and neuroticism recorded at age 16 for 3585 individuals from the National Child Development Study. Adolescent conscientiousness is positively associated with ability to cope with stress and negatively associated with risk of cardiovascular disease in middle-age. Adolescent agreeableness is associated with higher health-related quality of life and lower physiological 'wear and tear', but negatively associated with ability to cope with stress in middle-age. Adolescent neuroticism is associated with lower health-related quality of life, higher physiological 'wear and tear', and a higher risk of cardiovascular disease in middle-age. All of these associations are stronger at the lower end of the health distribution except for the cardiovascular risk biomarkers. These associations are robust to correcting for attrition using inverse probability weighting and consistent with causal bounds assuming proportional selection on observables and unobservables. They suggest policies that improve non-cognitive skills in adolescence could offer most long-term health benefit to those with the poorest health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Atkins
- Health Organisation, Policy and Economics, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Alex James Turner
- Health Organisation, Policy and Economics, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Tarani Chandola
- Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Matt Sutton
- Health Organisation, Policy and Economics, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Melbourne Institute: Applied Economic and Social Research, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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Budnik-Przybylska D, Laskowski R, Pawlicka P, Anikiej-Wiczenbach P, Łada-Maśko A, Szumilewicz A, Makurat F, Przybylski J, Soya H, Kaźmierczak M. Do Physical Activity and Personality Matter for Hair Cortisol Concentration and Self-Reported Stress in Pregnancy? A Pilot Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17218050. [PMID: 33139602 PMCID: PMC7663188 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: Physical activity reduces psychosocial stress in pregnant women. Stress levels might be self-reported (psychosocial) or measured with biomarkers, one of which is hair cortisol concentration (HCC). Additionally, personality has been associated with stress and physical activity. Methods: The first aim of our study was to explore the differences in self-reported stress assessed by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and in HCC with regard to physical activity level in pregnant (N = 29) and non-pregnant (N = 21) women. The second aim was to analyze the correlations among perceived stress, HCC, frequency of exercise and personality in the two groups separately. Results: There was a significant difference in frequency of exercise and self-reported stress between the two groups, with a lower level in pregnant women, but no differences in HCC and in personality were found. In the group of pregnant women, there was a significant negative correlation between HCC and frequency of exercise sessions, with the latter correlating positively with openness to experience. In the group of non-pregnant women, perceived stress negatively correlated with extraversion, agreeableness and emotional stability. HCC correlated negatively with conscientiousness. Conclusions: Our findings indicate the importance of physical activity programs dedicated to pregnant women for their life quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Budnik-Przybylska
- Department of Sport Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Gdańsk, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland; (D.B.-P.); (F.M.); (J.P.)
| | - Radosław Laskowski
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport; 80-336 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Paulina Pawlicka
- Department of Cross-Cultural Psychology and Psychology of Gender, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Gdańsk, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Paulina Anikiej-Wiczenbach
- Psychological Counseling for Rare Genetic Diseases Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Gdańsk, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Ariadna Łada-Maśko
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Psychopathology, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Gdańsk, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Anna Szumilewicz
- Department of Fitness, Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Franciszek Makurat
- Department of Sport Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Gdańsk, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland; (D.B.-P.); (F.M.); (J.P.)
| | - Jacek Przybylski
- Department of Sport Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Gdańsk, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland; (D.B.-P.); (F.M.); (J.P.)
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Sports Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 305-8574 Tsukuba, Japan;
| | - Maria Kaźmierczak
- Department of Family Studies and Quality of Life, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Gdańsk, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Valenzano AA, Monacis L, Ceglie F, Messina G, Polito R, Sinatra M, Cibelli G. The Psycho-Physiological Profile of Adolescent Elite Sailors: Testing a Three-Way Moderation Model. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1091. [PMID: 32625131 PMCID: PMC7315764 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed at extending the work on individual differences, in the relationship between personality traits and the cortisol response, by examining the interaction effects of sex and the role category of Italian adolescent elite dinghy sailors. Seventy athletes completed a self-reported questionnaire including socio-demographic data, information about the role played on board (helmsmen or bowmen) and the Big Five Questionnaire-2. Salivary cortisol samples were collected at 30 min after awakening the day before competitions. Main findings from bivariate correlations showed positive associations among cortisol levels, extraversion and consciousness in both male and female bowmen groups. The moderation and moderated moderation analyses further indicated (1) a three-way interaction effect in the relationship between extraversion and salivary cortisol, (2) a marginal significant three-way interaction effect in the relationship between neuroticism and salivary cortisol, and (3) no other personality dimensions were significantly predictive of the outcome variable. Our results provided evidence not only about sex differences, but also about the role played on board by the sailors in the linkages between personality traits and the biomarker of the trait component of HPA axis functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucia Monacis
- Department of Humanities, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Flavio Ceglie
- Division of Pathological Anatomy, Department of Emergencies and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Rita Polito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Sinatra
- Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology and Communication, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cibelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Montoliu T, Hidalgo V, Salvador A. Personality and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Older Men and Women. Front Psychol 2020; 11:983. [PMID: 32581913 PMCID: PMC7291331 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Personality has been related to health and mortality risk, which has created interest in the biological pathways that could explain this relationship. Although a dysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis has been associated with health outcomes and aging, few studies have explored the association between personality and HPA axis functioning in older adults. In addition, it has been suggested that sex could moderate the relationship between personality and HPA axis functioning. Thus, our aim was to analyze the relationship between the big five personality traits and the diurnal cortisol pattern in older adults, as well as sex differences in this relationship. To do so, 79 older people (40 men and 39 women) from 59 to 81 years old (M = 69.19, SD = 4.60) completed the NEO-Five-Factor Inventory (FFI) to measure neuroticism, conscientiousness, extraversion, openness, and agreeableness. Saliva samples were provided on three consecutive days (awakening; 15, 30, and 45 min post-awakening; and bedtime) in order to analyze the diurnal cortisol pattern and, specifically, two cortisol indexes: the cortisol awakening response (CAR) and the diurnal cortisol slope (DCS). Results showed that neuroticism and conscientiousness moderated the diurnal cortisol pattern. Thus, individuals with higher neuroticism and lower conscientiousness scores showed higher bedtime cortisol levels, suggesting a less healthy diurnal cortisol pattern. Regarding the cortisol indexes, higher neuroticism and lower conscientiousness were related to greater CAR and DCS. Sex moderated the association between extraversion and the DCS. Specifically, higher extraversion was related to a lower DCS only in women. Openness and agreeableness were not related to the diurnal cortisol pattern. In conclusion, our results show that in older adults, neuroticism is a vulnerability factor for HPA axis dysregulation, with possible adverse effects on health. By contrast, conscientiousness, and extraversion only in women, appear to be protective factors of HPA axis functioning, with potential beneficial effects on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Montoliu
- Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, IDOCAL-Department of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vanesa Hidalgo
- IIS Aragón, Department of Psychology and Sociology, Area of Psychobiology, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
| | - Alicia Salvador
- Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, IDOCAL-Department of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Blons E, Arsac LM, Gilfriche P, McLeod H, Lespinet-Najib V, Grivel E, Deschodt-Arsac V. Alterations in heart-brain interactions under mild stress during a cognitive task are reflected in entropy of heart rate dynamics. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18190. [PMID: 31796856 PMCID: PMC6890652 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54547-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many people experience mild stress in modern society which raises the need for an improved understanding of psychophysiological responses to stressors. Heart rate variability (HRV) may be associated with a flexible network of intricate neural structures which are dynamically organized to cope with diverse challenges. HRV was obtained in thirty-three healthy participants performing a cognitive task both with and without added stressors. Markers of neural autonomic control and neurovisceral complexity (entropy) were computed from HRV time series. Based on individual anxiety responses to the experimental stressors, two subgroups were identified: anxiety responders and non-responders. While both vagal and entropy markers rose during the cognitive task alone in both subgroups, only entropy decreased when stressors were added and exclusively in anxiety responders. We conclude that entropy may be a promising marker of cognitive tasks and acute mild stress. It brings out a new central question: why is entropy the only marker affected by mild stress? Based on the neurovisceral integration model, we hypothesized that neurophysiological complexity may be altered by mild stress, which is reflected in entropy of the cardiac output signal. The putative role of the amygdala during mild stress, in modulating the complexity of a coordinated neural network linking brain to heart, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Blons
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire IMS, UMR 5218, Talence, France.
| | - Laurent M Arsac
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire IMS, UMR 5218, Talence, France
| | - Pierre Gilfriche
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire IMS, UMR 5218, Talence, France.,CATIE - Centre Aquitain des Technologies de l'Information et Electroniques, Talence, France
| | - Heather McLeod
- Univ. Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Psychologie, Santé et Qualité de Vie, EA4109, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Eric Grivel
- Bordeaux INP, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire IMS, UMR 5218, Talence, France
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Afrisham R, Paknejad M, Soliemanifar O, Sadegh-Nejadi S, Meshkani R, Ashtary-Larky D. The Influence of Psychological Stress on the Initiation and Progression of Diabetes and Cancer. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2019; 17:e67400. [PMID: 31372166 PMCID: PMC6628619 DOI: 10.5812/ijem.67400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Psychological stress can be considered a risk factor for the initiation and progression of many pathological conditions, including type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus and cancer. OBJECTIVES The aim of this review article was to evaluate the molecular and cellular mechanisms linking psychological stress to the onset and progression of diabetes and cancer. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION The current review was conducted to survey and analyze studies related to the effects of psychological stress on diabetes and cancer. RESULTS Psychological stress may make individuals prone to the development of diabetes through the impairment of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function, sympathetic nerves system (SNS), lipid profile, cytokines balance, renin-angiotensin system (RAS), and insulin signaling pathway. Additionally, psychological stress can contribute to the development of cancer through the perturbation in the HPA axis, SNS function, and cytokines balance. Psychological stress is also capable of decreasing the levels of oxytocin and dopamine, leading to an increased risk of cancer in susceptible individuals. CONCLUSIONS It seems that psychological stress plays a significant role in the onset and progression of diabetes and cancer. The identification of the pathways triggered by psychological stress would open up a new avenue for the understanding of molecular mechanisms by which diabetes and cancer could be managed or even prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Afrisham
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-9169396300,
| | - Maliheh Paknejad
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Soliemanifar
- General Department of Education in Khuzestan Province, Department of Education in the City of Khorramshahr, Khorramshahr, Iran
| | - Sahar Sadegh-Nejadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Meshkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Damoon Ashtary-Larky
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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