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Al-Yahri O, Al-Zoubi RM, Elhuda AA, Ahmad A, Al Dhaheri M, Abdelaziem S, Alwani M, Al-Qudimat AR, Zarour A. Diagnostic Inflammation Biomarkers for Prediction of 30-Day Mortality Rate in Acute Cholangitis. Int J Surg Protoc 2022; 26:14-21. [PMID: 35340766 PMCID: PMC8896245 DOI: 10.29337/ijsp.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Omer Al-Yahri
- Acute care Surgery division, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QA
| | - Raed M. Al-Zoubi
- Department of Chemistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O.Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
- Surgical Research Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, QU-Health, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, QA
| | - Azza Alam Elhuda
- Acute care Surgery division, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QA
| | - Amina Ahmad
- Acute care Surgery division, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QA
| | - Mahmood Al Dhaheri
- Acute care Surgery division, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QA
| | - Sherif Abdelaziem
- Acute care Surgery division, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QA
| | - Mustafa Alwani
- School of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O.Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan, JO
| | - Ahmad R. Al-Qudimat
- Surgical Research Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QA
| | - Ahmad Zarour
- Acute care Surgery division, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QA
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Xavier JS, Gois ACB, Travassos LDCP, Pernambuco L. Oropharyngeal dysphagia frequency in older adults living in nursing homes: an integrative review. Codas 2021; 33:e20200153. [PMID: 34161439 DOI: 10.1590/2317-1782/20202020153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To synthesize the scientific knowledge on the frequency of oropharyngeal dysphagia in older adults living in nursing homes. RESEARCH STRATEGIES The study question followed the PECO strategy and the search was performed in the Pubmed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS and SciELO databases, using keywords and specific free terms. SELECTION CRITERIA articles with no time or language restrictions that reported the frequency of oropharyngeal dysphagia in older adults living in nursing homes and the diagnostic criteria. DATA ANALYSIS it was analyzed the population characteristics, the concept of "oropharyngeal dysphagia", the methods for identifying the outcome and the frequency of oropharyngeal dysphagia. The evaluation of the methodological quality of the articles followed the criteria of Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE). RESULTS Fifteen articles were included. There was great variability in relation to the sample size, with a predominance of longevous old women. The concept of dysphagia, when mentioned, was heterogeneous. Diagnostic criteria were diverse and mostly comprised of questionnaires or clinical trials results. No studies used instrumental tests. The frequency of oropharyngeal dysphagia in the studied population ranged from 5.4% to 83.7%, being higher in studies that used clinical tests, but with greater precision of confidence intervals in studies that used questionnaires and large sample size. CONCLUSION The frequency of oropharyngeal dysphagia in older adults living in nursing homes has wide variability. Methodological discrepancies among studies compromise the reliability of frequency estimates and highlight the need for research with better defined and standardized methodological criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Soares Xavier
- Programa Associado de Pós-graduação em Fonoaudiologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB - João Pessoa (PB), Brasil
| | - Amanda Cibelly Brito Gois
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN - Natal (RN), Brasil
| | | | - Leandro Pernambuco
- Programa Associado de Pós-graduação em Fonoaudiologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB - João Pessoa (PB), Brasil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Modelos de Decisão e Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB - João Pessoa (PB), Brasil.,Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB - João Pessoa (PB), Brasil
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Johnson EK, Sylte D, Chaves SS, Li Y, Mahe C, Nair H, Paget J, van Pomeren T, Shi T, Viboud C, James SL. Hospital utilization rates for influenza and RSV: a novel approach and critical assessment. Popul Health Metr 2021; 19:31. [PMID: 34126993 PMCID: PMC8204427 DOI: 10.1186/s12963-021-00252-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) contribute significantly to the burden of acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) inpatient care, but heterogeneous coding practices and availability of inpatient data make it difficult to estimate global hospital utilization for either disease based on coded diagnoses alone. METHODS This study estimates rates of influenza and RSV hospitalization by calculating the proportion of ALRI due to influenza and RSV and applying this proportion to inpatient admissions with ALRI coded as primary diagnosis. Proportions of ALRI attributed to influenza and RSV were extracted from a meta-analysis of 360 total sources describing inpatient hospital admissions which were input to a Bayesian mixed effects model over age with random effects over location. Results of this model were applied to inpatient admission datasets for 44 countries to produce rates of hospital utilization for influenza and RSV respectively, and rates were compared to raw coded admissions for each disease. RESULTS For most age groups, these methods estimated a higher national admission rate than the rate of directly coded influenza or RSV admissions in the same inpatient sources. In many inpatient sources, International Classification of Disease (ICD) coding detail was insufficient to estimate RSV burden directly. The influenza inpatient burden estimates in older adults appear to be substantially underestimated using this method on primary diagnoses alone. Application of the mixed effects model reduced heterogeneity between countries in influenza and RSV which was biased by coding practices and between-country variation. CONCLUSIONS This new method presents the opportunity of estimating hospital utilization rates for influenza and RSV using a wide range of clinical databases. Estimates generally seem promising for influenza and RSV associated hospitalization, but influenza estimates from primary diagnosis seem highly underestimated among older adults. Considerable heterogeneity remains between countries in ALRI coding (i.e., primary vs non-primary cause), and in the age profile of proportion positive for influenza and RSV across studies. While this analysis is interesting because of its wide data utilization and applicability in locations without laboratory-confirmed admission data, understanding the sources of variability and data quality will be essential in future applications of these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Johnson
- Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
| | - Dillon Sylte
- Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Sandra S Chaves
- Foundation for Influenza Epidemiology, Fondation de France, Paris, France
- Vaccine Epidemiology and Modeling Department, Sanofi Pasteur, Lyon, France
| | - You Li
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cedric Mahe
- Foundation for Influenza Epidemiology, Fondation de France, Paris, France
- Vaccine Epidemiology and Modeling Department, Sanofi Pasteur, Lyon, France
| | - Harish Nair
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John Paget
- Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (Nivel), Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tayma van Pomeren
- Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (Nivel), Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ting Shi
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cecile Viboud
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Spencer L James
- Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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4
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Satokangas M, Lumme S, Arffman M, Keskimäki I. Trajectory modelling of ambulatory care sensitive conditions in Finland in 1996-2013: assessing the development of equity in primary health care through clustering of geographic areas - an observational retrospective study. BMC Health Serv Res 2019; 19:629. [PMID: 31484530 PMCID: PMC6727548 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-019-4449-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Due to stagnating resources and an increase in staff workload, the quality of Finnish primary health care (PHC) is claimed to have deteriorated slowly. With a decentralised PHC organisation and lack of national stewardship, it is likely that municipalities have adopted different coping strategies, predisposing them to geographic disparities. To assess whether these disparities emerge, we analysed health centre area trajectories in hospitalisations due to ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs). Methods ACSCs, a proxy for PHC quality, comprises conditions in which hospitalisation could be avoided by timely care. We obtained ACSCs of the total Finnish population aged ≥20 for the years 1996–2013 from the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register, and divided them into subgroups of acute, chronic and vaccine-preventable causes, and calculated annual age-standardised ACSC rates by gender in health centre areas. Using these rates, we conducted trajectory analyses for identifying health centre area clusters using group-based trajectory modelling. Further, we applied area-level factors to describe the distribution of health centre areas on these trajectories. Results Three trajectories – and thus separate clusters of health centre areas – emerged with different levels and trends of ACSC rates. During the study period, chronic ACSC rates decreased (40–63%) within each of the clusters, acute ACSC rates remained stable and vaccine-preventable ACSC rates increased (1–41%). While disparities in rate differences in chronic ACSC rates between trajectories narrowed, in the two other ACSC subgroups they increased. Disparities in standardised rate ratios increased in vaccine-preventable and acute ACSC rates between northern cluster and the two other clusters. Compared to the south-western cluster, 13–16% of health centre areas, in rural northern cluster, had 47–92% higher ACSC rates – but also the highest level of morbidity, most limitations on activities of daily living and highest PHC inpatient ward usage as well as the lowest education levels and private health and dental care usage. Conclusions We identified three differing trajectories of time trends for ACSC rates, suggesting that the quality of care, particularly in northern Finland health centre areas, may have lagged behind the general improvements. This calls for further investments to strengthen rural area PHC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12913-019-4449-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markku Satokangas
- Social and Health Systems Research Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland. .,Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Network of Academic Health Centres, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Health Stations, Department of Social Services and Health Care, City of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Sonja Lumme
- Social and Health Systems Research Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martti Arffman
- Social and Health Systems Research Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilmo Keskimäki
- Social and Health Systems Research Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland.,Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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5
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Cassell K, Gacek P, Rabatsky-Ehr T, Petit S, Cartter M, Weinberger DM. Estimating the True Burden of Legionnaires' Disease. Am J Epidemiol 2019; 188:1686-1694. [PMID: 31225857 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwz142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the reported incidence of Legionnaires' disease (LD) in the northeastern United States has increased, reaching 1-3 cases per 100,000 population. There is reason to suspect that this is an underestimate of the true burden, since LD cases may be underdiagnosed. In this analysis of pneumonia and influenza (P&I) hospitalizations, we estimated the percentages of cases due to Legionella, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) by age group. We fitted mixed-effects models to estimate attributable percents using weekly time series data on P&I hospitalizations in Connecticut from 2000 to 2014. Model-fitted values were used to calculate estimates of numbers of P&I hospitalizations attributable to Legionella (and influenza and RSV) by age group, season, and year. Our models estimated that 1.9%, 8.8%, and 5.1% of total (all-ages) inpatient P&I hospitalizations could be attributed to Legionella, influenza, and RSV, respectively. Only 10.6% of total predicted LD cases had been clinically diagnosed as LD during the study period. The observed incidence rate of 1.2 cases per 100,000 population was substantially lower than our estimated rate of 11.6 cases per 100,000 population. Our estimates of numbers of P&I hospitalizations attributable to Legionella are comparable to those provided by etiological studies of community-acquired pneumonia and emphasize the potential for underdiagnosis of LD in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsie Cassell
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Paul Gacek
- Connecticut Department of Public Health, Hartford, Connecticut
| | | | - Susan Petit
- Connecticut Department of Public Health, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Matthew Cartter
- Connecticut Department of Public Health, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Daniel M Weinberger
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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6
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Saukkoriipi A, Palmu AA, Jokinen J. Culture of all sputum samples irrespective of quality adds value to the diagnosis of pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 38:1249-1254. [PMID: 30949897 PMCID: PMC6570659 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03536-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Culture of expectorated sputum in the microbiological diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is considered valid only if high-quality (HQ) samples are obtained, but evidence regarding pneumococcal etiology specifically is lacking. We studied 323 radiologically confirmed CAP cases in patients aged ≥ 65 years. Sputum samples were assessed for quality microscopically and cultured. Two quality criteria sets were applied to delineate HQ from low-quality (LQ) sputa: leukocytes/epithelial cells ratio > 5 and ≤ 2.5 epithelial cells/400× magnification field (HQ1), or leukocytes/epithelial cells ratio > 1 (HQ2). A sputum sample was obtained and the quality assessed in 224 cases; 47% were HQ1 and 76% HQ2. Encapsulated pneumococci (EPnc) were cultured in 25 (24%), 14 (12%), 35 (21%), and 4 (7%) of the HQ1-, LQ1-, HQ2-, and LQ2-samples, respectively. If another pneumococcal test (blood culture, urine antigen, or ≥ twofold increase in CbpA or PsaA antibodies) was positive, EPnc were cultured at similar proportions in HQ1- and LQ1-sputa; if the other test was negative, EPnc were cultured less often in LQ1- than HQ1-sputa. EPnc were found less often in LQ2- than in HQ2-sputa. Our results suggest similar specificity in LQ- and HQ-sputum cultures. All sputum samples add value to the pneumococcal CAP-diagnosis in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Saukkoriipi
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Arto A Palmu
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jukka Jokinen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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7
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Jokinen J, Snellman M, Palmu AA, Saukkoriipi A, Verlant V, Pascal T, Devaster JM, Hausdorff WP, Kilpi TM. Testing Pneumonia Vaccines in the Elderly: Determining a Case Definition for Pneumococcal Pneumonia in the Absence of a Gold Standard. Am J Epidemiol 2018; 187:1295-1302. [PMID: 29253067 PMCID: PMC5982705 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwx373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical assessments of vaccines to prevent pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) require sensitive and specific case definitions, but there is no gold standard diagnostic test. To develop a new case definition suitable for vaccine efficacy studies, we applied latent class analysis (LCA) to the results from 7 diagnostic tests for pneumococcal etiology on clinical specimens from 323 elderly persons with radiologically confirmed pneumonia enrolled in the Finnish Community-Acquired Pneumonia Epidemiology study during 2005-2007. Compared with the conventional use of LCA, which is mainly to determine sensitivities and specificities of different tests, we instead used LCA as an appropriate instrument to predict the probability of pneumococcal etiology for each CAP case based on individual test profiles, and we used the predictions to minimize the sample size that would be needed for a vaccine efficacy trial. When compared with the conventional laboratory criteria of encapsulated pneumococci in culture, in blood culture or high-quality sputum culture, or urine antigen positivity, our optimized case definition for pneumococcal CAP resulted in a trial sample size that was almost 20,000 subjects smaller. We believe that the novel application of LCA detailed here to determine a case definition for pneumococcal CAP could also be similarly applied to other diseases without a gold standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukka Jokinen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja Snellman
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arto A Palmu
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Tampere, Finland
| | - Annika Saukkoriipi
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | - Terhi M Kilpi
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Torres A, Cillóniz C, Blasi F, Chalmers JD, Gaillat J, Dartois N, Schmitt HJ, Welte T. Burden of pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia in adults across Europe: A literature review. Respir Med 2018; 137:6-13. [PMID: 29605214 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) among adults in Europe is poorly defined. METHODS Structured searches of PubMed were conducted to identify the incidence of pneumococcal CAP among adults across Europe. RESULTS The overall incidence rates for CAP was 68-7000 per 100,000 and the incidence in hospitalised CAP cases of all causes was 16-3581 per 100,000. In general the incidence of CAP increased consistently with age. Available data indicated higher burdens of pneumococcal CAP caused in groups with more comorbidities. Most cases of pneumococcal CAP (30%-78%) were caused by serotypes covered by PCV13 vaccine; the incidence of PCV13-related pneumonia decreased after the introduction of childhood vaccination. CONCLUSIONS We observed a high burden adult pneumococcal CAP in Europe despite use of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, particularly in elderly patients with comorbidities. CAP surveillance presented wide variations across Europe. Pneumococcal CAP has to be monitored very carefully due to the possible effect of current vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Torres
- Department of Pulmonology, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Catia Cillóniz
- Department of Pulmonology, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesco Blasi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milanoand Internal Medicine Department, Respiratory Unit and Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale, Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - James D Chalmers
- College of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Jacques Gaillat
- Infectious Diseases Department Centre Hospitalier Annecy Genevois, 1 avenue de l'Hôpital, 74374 Pringy, France
| | - Nathalie Dartois
- Pfizer Vaccines, Medical and Scientific Affairs, 23-25 avenue du Dr. Lannelongue, F-75668 Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Heinz-Josef Schmitt
- Pfizer Vaccines, Medical and Scientific Affairs, 23-25 avenue du Dr. Lannelongue, F-75668 Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Tobias Welte
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medizinische Hochschule, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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lytA Quantitative PCR on Sputum and Nasopharyngeal Swab Samples for Detection of Pneumococcal Pneumonia among the Elderly. J Clin Microbiol 2017; 56:JCM.01231-17. [PMID: 29118170 PMCID: PMC5744198 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01231-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay of sputum or nasopharyngeal specimens has shown promising results in the detection of pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia (PncCAP). We applied qPCR for the autolysin gene (lytA) and compared sputum and nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) pneumococcal loads in elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), and specifically in patients with PncCAP, to those in patient groups with other respiratory diseases. We studied patients aged ≥65 years with radiologically confirmed CAP, clinical CAP not retrospectively radiologically confirmed, other acute respiratory infections, or stable chronic lung disease. Pneumococcal etiology of CAP was ascertained by using a combination of multiple diagnostic methods. We analyzed sputum and NPS specimens by lytA qPCR with 104 pneumococcal genome equivalents (GE)/ml as a cutoff for positivity. Among PncCAP patients, lytA qPCR detected pneumococci in 94% of the sputum samples and in large quantities (mean, 6.82 ± 1.02 log10 GE/ml) but less frequently in NPS (44%) and in smaller quantities (5.55 ± 0.92 log10 GE/ml). In all other patient groups, ≤10% of the sputum samples and <5% of the NPS samples were lytA qPCR positive; but when they were positive, the sputum pneumococcal loads were similar to those in the PncCAP patients, suggesting a pneumococcal etiology in these patients. This was supported by other pneumococcal assay results. Overall, sputum lytA qPCR positivity was more common in PncCAP patients than in the other patient groups, but the quantitative results were mainly similar. NPS lytA qPCR was less sensitive than sputum lytA qPCR in detecting PncCAP.
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10
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Okasha O, Rinta-Kokko H, Palmu AA, Ruokokoski E, Jokinen J, Nuorti JP. Population-level impact of infant 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on adult pneumonia hospitalisations in Finland. Thorax 2017; 73:262-269. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-210440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
IntroductionLimited data are available on population-level herd effects of infant 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) programmes on pneumonia. We assessed national trends in pneumococcal and all-cause pneumonia hospitalisations in adults aged ≥18 years, before and after infant PCV10 introduction in 2010.MethodsMonthly hospitalisation rates of International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10)-coded primary discharge diagnoses compatible with pneumonia from 2004–2005 to 2014–2015 were calculated with population denominators from the population register. Trends in pneumonia before and after PCV10 introduction were assessed with interrupted time-series analysis. Rates during the PCV10 period were estimated from adjusted negative binomial regression model and compared with those projected as continuation of the pre-PCV10 trend. All-cause hospitalisations were assessed for control purposes.ResultsBefore PCV10, the all-cause pneumonia rate in adults aged ≥18 years increased annually by 2.4%, followed by a 4.7% annual decline during the PCV10 period. In 2014–2015, the overall all-cause pneumonia hospitalisation rate was 109.3/100 000 (95% CI 96.5 to 121.9) or 15.4% lower than the expected rate. A significant 6.7% decline was seen in persons aged ≥65 years (131.5/100 000), which translates to 1456 fewer pneumonia hospitalisations annually. In comparison, hospitalisations other than pneumonia decreased by 3.5% annually throughout the entire study period.ConclusionThese national data suggest that herd protection from infant PCV10 programme has reversed the increasing trend and substantially decreased all-cause pneumonia hospitalisations in adults, particularly the elderly.
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Hung SK, Chen YC, Chiou WY, Lai CL, Lee MS, Lo YC, Chen LC, Huang LW, Chien NC, Li SC, Liu DW, Hsu FC, Tsai SJ, Chan MWY, Lin HY. Irradiation enhanced risks of hospitalised pneumonopathy in lung cancer patients: a population-based surgical cohort study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e015022. [PMID: 28963281 PMCID: PMC5623431 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pulmonary radiotherapy has been reported to increase a risk of pneumonopathy, including pneumonitis and secondary pneumonia, however evidence from population-based studies is lacking. The present study intended to explore whether postoperative irradiation increases occurrence of severe pneumonopathy in lung cancer patients. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS The nationwide population-based study analysed the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (covered >99% of Taiwanese) in a real-world setting. From 2000 to 2010, 4335 newly diagnosed lung cancer patients were allocated into two groups: surgery-RT (n=867) and surgery-alone (n=3468). With a ratio of 1:4, propensity score was used to match 11 baseline factors to balance groups. INTERVENTIONS/EXPOSURES Irradiation was delivered to bronchial stump and mediastinum according to peer-audited guidelines. OUTCOMES/MEASURES Hospitalised pneumonia/pneumonitis-free survival was the primary end point. Risk factors and hazard effects were secondary measures. RESULTS Multivariable analysis identified five independent risk factors for hospitalised pneumonopathy: elderly (>65 years), male, irradiation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Compared with surgery-alone, a higher risk of hospitalised pneumonopathy was found in surgery-RT patients (HR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.93-2.51; 2-year hospitalised pneumonia/pneumonitis-free survival, 85.2% vs 69.0%; both p<0.0001), especially in elderly males with COPD and CKD (HR, 13.74; 95% CI, 6.61-28.53; p<0.0001). Unexpectedly, we observed a higher risk of hospitalised pneumonopathy in younger irradiated-CKD patients (HR, 13.07; 95% CI, 5.71-29.94; p<0.0001) than that of elderly irradiated-CKD patients (HR, 4.82; 95% CI, 2.88-8.08; p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS A high risk of hospitalised pneumonopathy is observed in irradiated patients, especially in elderly males with COPD and CKD. For these patients, close clinical surveillance and aggressive pneumonia/pneumonitis prevention should be considered. Further investigations are required to define underlying biological mechanisms, especially for younger CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Kai Hung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Chen
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yen Chiou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Liang Lai
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Chest Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Moon-Sing Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chen Lo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Cheng Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wen Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Chuan Chien
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Thoracic Surgery, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chi Li
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Haematology-Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Dai-Wei Liu
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chun Hsu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Shiang-Jiun Tsai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Michael WY Chan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
- Human Epigenomics Centre, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Hon-Yi Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
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12
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Falkenhorst G, Remschmidt C, Harder T, Wichmann O, Glodny S, Hummers-Pradier E, Ledig T, Bogdan C. Background paper to the updated pneumococcal vaccination recommendation for older adults in Germany. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2016; 59:1623-1657. [DOI: 10.1007/s00103-016-2466-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Sarabia-Cobo CM, Pérez V, de Lorena P, Domínguez E, Hermosilla C, Nuñez MJ, Vigueiro M, Rodríguez L. The incidence and prognostic implications of dysphagia in elderly patients institutionalized: A multicenter study in Spain. Appl Nurs Res 2016; 30:e6-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Schneider J, Hapfelmeier A, Thöres S, Obermeier A, Schulz C, Pförringer D, Nennstiel S, Spinner C, Schmid RM, Algül H, Huber W, Weber A. Mortality Risk for Acute Cholangitis (MAC): a risk prediction model for in-hospital mortality in patients with acute cholangitis. BMC Gastroenterol 2016; 16:15. [PMID: 26860903 PMCID: PMC4746925 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-016-0428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute cholangitis is a life-threatening bacterial infection of the biliary tract. Main focus of this study was to create a useful risk prediction model that helps physicians to assign patients with acute cholangitis into different management groups. Methods 981 cholangitis episodes from 810 patients were analysed retrospectively at a German tertiary center. Results Out of eleven investigated statistical models fit to 22 predictors, the Random Forest model achieved the best (cross-)validated performance to predict mortality. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve revealed a mean area under the curve (AUC) of 91.5 %. Dependent on the calculated mortality risk, we propose to stratify patients with acute cholangitis into a high and low risk group. The mean sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of the corresponding optimal cutpoint were 82.9 %, 85.1 %, 19.0 % and 99.3 %, respectively. All of these results emerge from nested (cross-)validation and are supposed to reflect the model’s performance expected for external data. An implementation of our risk prediction model including the specific treatment recommendations adopted from the Tokyo guidelines is available on http://www2.imse.med.tum.de:3838/. Conclusion Our risk prediction model for mortality appears promising to stratify patients with acute cholangitis into different management groups. Additional validation of its performance should be provided by further prospective trails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Schneider
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.
| | - Alexander Hapfelmeier
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.
| | - Sieglinde Thöres
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.
| | - Andreas Obermeier
- Klinik für Orthopädie, Labor für Infektionsforschung, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.
| | - Christoph Schulz
- Institut für klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.
| | - Dominik Pförringer
- I. Chirurgische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.
| | - Simon Nennstiel
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.
| | - Christoph Spinner
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.
| | - Roland M Schmid
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.
| | - Hana Algül
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Huber
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.
| | - Andreas Weber
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.
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15
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Evaluation of the BinaxNOW® Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen test on fresh, frozen and concentrated urine samples in elderly patients with and without community-acquired pneumonia. J Microbiol Methods 2015; 121:24-6. [PMID: 26684855 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the BinaxNOW® urine antigen test in elderly. For fresh un-concentrated urine samples, the sensitivity for pneumococcal pneumonia was 63% and specificity 97%. After freezing and concentration, the results comparable to positive control line in intensity at 60 min gave high sensitivity (81%) with no loss in specificity (96%).
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16
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Elberse K, van Mens S, Cremers AJ, Meijvis SCA, Vlaminckx B, de Jonge MI, Meis JF, Blauwendraat C, van de Pol I, Schouls LM. Detection and serotyping of pneumococci in community acquired pneumonia patients without culture using blood and urine samples. BMC Infect Dis 2015; 15:56. [PMID: 25885896 PMCID: PMC4330648 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-015-0788-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients with antibiotics before laboratory-confirmed diagnosis leads to loss of knowledge on the causative bacterial pathogen. Therefore, an increasing number of pneumococcal infections is identified using non-culture based techniques. However, methods for serotyping directly on the clinical specimen remain scarce. Here we present three approaches for detection and serotyping of pneumococci using samples from patients with CAP. Methods The first approach is quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis on blood samples (n = 211) followed by capsular sequence typing (CST) to identify the serotype. The second approach, a urinary antigen assay (n = 223), designated as inhibition multiplex immunoassay (IMIA), is based on Luminex technology targeting 14 serotypes. The third approach is a multiplex immunoassay (MIA) (n = 171) also based on Luminex technology which detects serologic antibody responses against 14 serotypes. The three alternative assays were performed on samples obtained from 309 adult hospitalized CAP patients in 2007–2010 and the results were compared with those obtained from conventional laboratory methods to detect pneumococcal CAP, i.e. blood cultures, sputum cultures and BinaxNOW® urinary antigen tests. Results Using qPCR, MIA and IMIA, we were able to detect the pneumococcus in samples of 56% more patients compared to conventional methods. Furthermore, we were able to assign a serotype to the infecting pneumococcus from samples of 25% of all CAP patients, using any of the three serotyping methods (CST, IMIA and MIA). Conclusion This study indicates the usefulness of additional molecular methods to conventional laboratory methods for the detection of pneumococcal pneumonia. Direct detection and subsequent serotyping on clinical samples will improve the accuracy of pneumococcal surveillance to monitor vaccine effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Elberse
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control Netherlands, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and Perinatal Screening, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, P.O.Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Suzan van Mens
- Departments of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Sint Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, P.O box 2500, 3430 EM, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
| | - Amelieke J Cremers
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Sabine C A Meijvis
- Department of Internal medicine, Sint Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, P.O box 2500, 3430 EM, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
| | - Bart Vlaminckx
- Departments of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Sint Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, P.O box 2500, 3430 EM, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
| | - Marien I de Jonge
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jacques F Meis
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Weg door Jonkerbos 100, 6532 SZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control Netherlands, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and Perinatal Screening, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, P.O.Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Ingrid van de Pol
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control Netherlands, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and Perinatal Screening, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, P.O.Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Leo M Schouls
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control Netherlands, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and Perinatal Screening, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, P.O.Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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Saukkoriipi A, Palmu AA, Jokinen J, Verlant V, Hausdorff WP, Kilpi TM. Effect of antimicrobial use on pneumococcal diagnostic tests in elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 34:697-704. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-014-2278-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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