1
|
Liu M, Zhu Y, Wang F. Does chili pepper consumption affect BMI and obesity risk? A cross-sectional analysis. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1410256. [PMID: 38887506 PMCID: PMC11182340 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1410256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The effects of chili intake on overweight and obesity have attracted significant interest in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between chili consumption frequency, body mass index (BMI), and obesity prevalence in the American population. Methods Data from participants in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2006 were collected. We enrolled 6,138 participants with complete information on chili intake and BMI in this cross-sectional study. Multivariate logistic regression and sensitivity analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between chili intake frequency and BMI and obesity. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests were employed to assess the stability of the observed correlation. Results Increased chili consumption frequency was linked to higher BMI values and a greater prevalence of obesity. Compared to the non-consumption group, the highest frequency group had a multivariate-adjusted β of 0.71 (95% CI: 0.05, 1.38) for BMI and an OR of 1.55 (95% CI: 1.22, 1.97) for obesity in the fully adjusted model. This positive association between chili intake frequency and obesity was more pronounced in females and older adults (≥ 60 years old). Conclusion Our findings suggest a positive association between chili intake frequency and BMI and obesity in United States adults, suggesting that controlling chili intake frequency could potentially contribute to improved weight management in the general population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yihao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim S, Yazawa T, Koide A, Yoneda E, Aoki R, Okazaki T, Tomita K, Watanabe H, Muroi Y, Testuka M, Muranishi Y. Potential Role of Pig UCP3 in Modulating Adipocyte Browning via the Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling Pathway. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:284. [PMID: 38785767 PMCID: PMC11117546 DOI: 10.3390/biology13050284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays an important role in regulating body temperature and metabolism, with white adipocytes serving as storage units for energy. Recent research focused on the browning of white adipocytes (beige adipocytes), causing thermogenesis and lipolysis. The process of browning is linked to the activation of uncoupling protein (UCP) expression, which can be mediated by the β3 adrenergic receptor pathway. Transcriptional factors, such as peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and PPARγ coactivator 1 alpha, play vital roles in cell fate determination for fat cells. Beige adipocytes have metabolic therapeutic potential to combat diseases such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia, owing to their significant impact on metabolic functions. However, the molecular mechanisms that cause the induction of browning are unclear. Therefore, research using animal models and primary culture is essential to provide an understanding of browning for further application in human metabolic studies. Pigs have physiological similarities to humans; hence, they are valuable models for research on adipose tissue. This study demonstrates the browning potential of pig white adipocytes through primary culture experiments. The results show that upregulation of UCP3 gene expression and fragmentation of lipid droplets into smaller particles occur due to isoproterenol stimulation, which activates beta-adrenergic receptor signaling. Furthermore, PPARγ and PGC-1α were found to activate the UCP3 promoter region, similar to that of UCP1. These findings suggest that pigs undergo metabolic changes that induce browning in white adipocytes, providing a promising approach for metabolic research with potential implications for human health. This study offers valuable insights into the mechanism of adipocyte browning using pig primary culture that can enhance our understanding of human metabolism, leading to cures for commonly occurring diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangwoo Kim
- School of Agriculture and Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan (E.Y.); (R.A.); (T.O.); (K.T.); (H.W.); (Y.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Takashi Yazawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Hokkaido, Japan;
| | - Akari Koide
- School of Agriculture and Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan (E.Y.); (R.A.); (T.O.); (K.T.); (H.W.); (Y.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Erina Yoneda
- School of Agriculture and Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan (E.Y.); (R.A.); (T.O.); (K.T.); (H.W.); (Y.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Risa Aoki
- School of Agriculture and Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan (E.Y.); (R.A.); (T.O.); (K.T.); (H.W.); (Y.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Tatsuki Okazaki
- School of Agriculture and Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan (E.Y.); (R.A.); (T.O.); (K.T.); (H.W.); (Y.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Kisaki Tomita
- School of Agriculture and Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan (E.Y.); (R.A.); (T.O.); (K.T.); (H.W.); (Y.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- School of Agriculture and Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan (E.Y.); (R.A.); (T.O.); (K.T.); (H.W.); (Y.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Yoshikage Muroi
- School of Agriculture and Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan (E.Y.); (R.A.); (T.O.); (K.T.); (H.W.); (Y.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Masafumi Testuka
- School of Agriculture and Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan (E.Y.); (R.A.); (T.O.); (K.T.); (H.W.); (Y.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Yuki Muranishi
- School of Agriculture and Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan (E.Y.); (R.A.); (T.O.); (K.T.); (H.W.); (Y.M.); (M.T.)
- Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee MJ, Kim J. The pathophysiology of visceral adipose tissues in cardiometabolic diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116116. [PMID: 38460909 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Central pattern of fat distribution, especially fat accumulation within the intraabdominal cavity increases risks for cardiometabolic diseases. Portal hypothesis combined with a pathological remodeling in visceral fat is considered the major etiological factor explaining the independent contribution of visceral obesity to cardiometabolic diseases. Excessive remodeling in visceral fat during development of obesity leads to dysfunctions in the depot, characterized by hypertrophy and death of adipocytes, hypoxia, inflammation, and fibrosis. Dysfunctional visceral fat secretes elevated levels of fatty acids, glycerol, and proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines into the portal vein directly impacting the liver, the central regulator of systemic metabolism. These metabolic and endocrine products induce ectopic fat accumulation, insulin resistance, inflammation, and fibrosis in the liver, which in turn causes or exacerbates systemic metabolic derangements. Elucidation of underlying mechanisms that lead to the pathological remodeling and higher degree of dysfunctions in visceral adipose tissue is therefore, critical for the development of therapeutics to prevent deleterious sequelae in obesity. We review depot differences in metabolic and endocrine properties and expendabilities as well as underlying mechanisms that contribute to the pathophysiological aspects of visceral adiposity in cardiometabolic diseases. We also discuss impacts of different weight loss interventions on visceral adiposity and cardiometabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Jeong Lee
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA.
| | - Jeehoon Kim
- Department of Sociology, Social Work, and Criminology, Idaho State University, Idaho 83209, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Greaves LM, Zaleski KS, Matias AA, Gyampo AO, Giuriato G, Lynch M, Lora B, Tomasi T, Basso E, Finegan E, Schickler J, Venturelli M, DeBlauw JA, Shostak E, Blum OE, Ives SJ. Limb, sex, but not acute dietary capsaicin, modulate the near-infrared spectroscopy-vascular occlusion test estimate of muscle metabolism. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e15988. [PMID: 38537943 PMCID: PMC10972678 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The downward slope during the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-vascular occlusion test (NIRS-VOT) is purported as a simplified estimate of metabolism. Whether or not the NIRS-VOT exhibits sex- or limb-specificity or may be acutely altered remains to be elucidated. Thus, we investigated if there is limb- or sex specificity in tissue desaturation rates (DeO2) during a NIRS-VOT, and if acute dietary capsaicin may alter this estimate of muscle metabolism. Young healthy men (n = 25, 21 ± 4 years) and women (n = 20, 20 ± 1 years) ingested either placebo or capsaicin, in a counterbalanced, single-blind, crossover design after which a simplified NIRS-VOT was conducted to determine the DeO2 (%/s), as an estimate of oxidative muscle metabolism, in both the forearm (flexors) and thigh (vastus lateralis). There was a significant limb effect with the quadriceps having a greater DeO2 than the forearm (-2.31 ± 1.34 vs. -1.78 ± 1.22%/s, p = 0.007, ηp 2 = 0.19). There was a significant effect of sex on DeO2 (p = 0.005, ηp 2 = 0.203) with men exhibiting a lesser DeO2 than women (-1.73 ± 1.03 vs. -2.36 ± 1.32%/s, respectively). This manifested in significant interactions of limb*capsaicin (p = 0.001, ηp 2 = 0.26) as well as limb*capsaicin*sex on DeO2 (p = 0.013, ηp 2 = 0.16) being observed. Capsaicin does not clearly alter O2-dependent muscle metabolism, but there was apparent limb and sex specificity, interacting with capsaicin in this NIRS-derived assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Greaves
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences DepartmentSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNew YorkUSA
| | - Kendall S. Zaleski
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences DepartmentSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNew YorkUSA
| | - Alexs A. Matias
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences DepartmentSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNew YorkUSA
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied PhysiologyUniversity of DelawareNewarkDelawareUSA
| | - Abena O. Gyampo
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences DepartmentSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNew YorkUSA
| | - Gaia Giuriato
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences DepartmentSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNew YorkUSA
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement SciencesUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Meaghan Lynch
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences DepartmentSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNew YorkUSA
| | - Brian Lora
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences DepartmentSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNew YorkUSA
| | - Tawn Tomasi
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences DepartmentSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNew YorkUSA
| | - Emma Basso
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences DepartmentSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNew YorkUSA
| | - Emma Finegan
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences DepartmentSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNew YorkUSA
| | - Jack Schickler
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences DepartmentSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNew YorkUSA
| | - Massimo Venturelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement SciencesUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Justin A. DeBlauw
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences DepartmentSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNew YorkUSA
| | - Elena Shostak
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences DepartmentSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNew YorkUSA
| | - Oliver E. Blum
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences DepartmentSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNew YorkUSA
| | - Stephen J. Ives
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences DepartmentSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNew YorkUSA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lee MJ, Puri V, Fried SK. Metabolic and structural remodeling during browning of primary human adipocytes derived from omental and subcutaneous depots. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:70-79. [PMID: 37929774 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated remodeling of cellular metabolism and structures during browning of primary human adipocytes derived from both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues. Effects of glucocorticoids on the browning were also assessed. METHODS Differentiated omental and subcutaneous human adipocytes were treated with rosiglitazone, with or without dexamethasone, and expression levels of brite adipocyte markers, lipolysis, and lipid droplet and mitochondrial structures were examined. RESULTS Both omental and subcutaneous adipocytes acquired brite phenotypes upon peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist treatment, and dexamethasone tended to enhance the remodeling. Although rosiglitazone increased lipolysis during treatment, brite adipocytes exhibited lower basal lipolytic rates and enhanced responses to β-adrenergic agonists or atrial natriuretic peptide. Transcriptome analysis identified induction of both breakdown and biosynthesis of lipids in brite adipocytes. After 60+ days in culture, lipid droplet size increased to ~50 microns, becoming almost unilocular in control adipocytes, and after browning, they acquired paucilocular morphology, clusters of small lipid droplets (1-2 micron) surrounded by mitochondria appearing on the periphery of the central large one. CONCLUSIONS Metabolic and structural remodeling during browning of primary human adipocytes is similar to previous findings in human adipocytes in vivo, supporting their uses for mechanical studies investigating browning with translational relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Jeong Lee
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
- Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vishwajeet Puri
- Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Susan K Fried
- Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cho YK, Lee S, Lee J, Doh J, Park JH, Jung YS, Lee YH. Lipid remodeling of adipose tissue in metabolic health and disease. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1955-1973. [PMID: 37653032 PMCID: PMC10545718 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01071-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a dynamic and metabolically active organ that plays a crucial role in energy homeostasis and endocrine function. Recent advancements in lipidomics techniques have enabled the study of the complex lipid composition of adipose tissue and its role in metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. In addition, adipose tissue lipidomics has emerged as a powerful tool for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying these disorders and identifying bioactive lipid mediators and potential therapeutic targets. This review aims to summarize recent lipidomics studies that investigated the dynamic remodeling of adipose tissue lipids in response to specific physiological changes, pharmacological interventions, and pathological conditions. We discuss the molecular mechanisms of lipid remodeling in adipose tissue and explore the recent identification of bioactive lipid mediators generated in adipose tissue that regulate adipocytes and systemic metabolism. We propose that manipulating lipid-mediator metabolism could serve as a therapeutic approach for preventing or treating obesity-related metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Keun Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsang Doh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Institute of Engineering Research, Bio-MAX Institute, Soft Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hong Park
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Suk Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ziqubu K, Dludla PV, Mthembu SXH, Nkambule BB, Mabhida SE, Jack BU, Nyambuya TM, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE. An insight into brown/beige adipose tissue whitening, a metabolic complication of obesity with the multifactorial origin. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1114767. [PMID: 36875450 PMCID: PMC9978510 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1114767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT), a thermoregulatory organ known to promote energy expenditure, has been extensively studied as a potential avenue to combat obesity. Although BAT is the opposite of white adipose tissue (WAT) which is responsible for energy storage, BAT shares thermogenic capacity with beige adipose tissue that emerges from WAT depots. This is unsurprising as both BAT and beige adipose tissue display a huge difference from WAT in terms of their secretory profile and physiological role. In obesity, the content of BAT and beige adipose tissue declines as these tissues acquire the WAT characteristics via the process called "whitening". This process has been rarely explored for its implication in obesity, whether it contributes to or exacerbates obesity. Emerging research has demonstrated that BAT/beige adipose tissue whitening is a sophisticated metabolic complication of obesity that is linked to multiple factors. The current review provides clarification on the influence of various factors such as diet, age, genetics, thermoneutrality, and chemical exposure on BAT/beige adipose tissue whitening. Moreover, the defects and mechanisms that underpin the whitening are described. Notably, the BAT/beige adipose tissue whitening can be marked by the accumulation of large unilocular lipid droplets, mitochondrial degeneration, and collapsed thermogenic capacity, by the virtue of mitochondrial dysfunction, devascularization, autophagy, and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khanyisani Ziqubu
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Phiwayinkosi V. Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Sinenhlanhla X. H. Mthembu
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Bongani B. Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sihle E. Mabhida
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Babalwa U. Jack
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Tawanda M. Nyambuya
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tayanloo-Beik A, Nikkhah A, Alaei S, Goodarzi P, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Mafi AR, Larijani B, Shouroki FF, Arjmand B. Brown adipose tissue and alzheimer's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:91-107. [PMID: 36322277 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01097-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common type of senile dementia, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive dysfunction and behavioral disability. The two histopathological hallmarks in this disease are the extraneuronal accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and the intraneuronal deposition of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Despite this, central and peripheral metabolic dysfunction, such as abnormal brain signaling, insulin resistance, inflammation, and impaired glucose utilization, have been indicated to be correlated with AD. There is solid evidence that the age-associated thermoregulatory deficit induces diverse metabolic changes associated with AD development. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been known as a thermoregulatory organ particularly vital during infancy. However, in recent years, BAT has been accepted as an endocrine organ, being involved in various functions that prevent AD, such as regulating energy metabolism, secreting hormones, improving insulin sensitivity, and increasing glucose utilization in adult humans. This review focuses on the mechanisms of BAT activation and the effect of aging on BAT production and signaling. Specifically, the evidence demonstrating the effect of BAT on pathological mechanisms influencing the development of AD, including insulin pathway, thermoregulation, and other hormonal pathways, are reviewed in this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akram Tayanloo-Beik
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirabbas Nikkhah
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Setareh Alaei
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Goodarzi
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Rezazadeh Mafi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shaheed Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Fazeli Shouroki
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Takahashi H, Tokura M, Kawarasaki S, Nagai H, Iwase M, Nishitani K, Okaze H, Mohri S, Ito T, Ara T, Jheng HF, Nomura W, Kawada T, Inoue K, Goto T. Metabolomics reveals inosine 5'-monophosphate is increased during mice adipocyte browning. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102456. [PMID: 36063990 PMCID: PMC9520030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte browning is one of the potential strategies for the prevention of obesity-related metabolic syndromes, but it is a complex process. Although previous studies make it increasingly clear that several transcription factors and enzymes are essential to induce browning, it is unclear what dynamic and metabolic changes occur in induction of browning. Here, we analyzed the effect of a beta-adrenergic receptor agonist (CL316243, accelerator of browning) on metabolic change in mice adipose tissue and plasma using metabolome analysis and speculated that browning is regulated partly by inosine 5′-monophosphate (IMP) metabolism. To test this hypothesis, we investigated whether Ucp-1, a functional marker of browning, mRNA expression is influenced by IMP metabolism using immortalized adipocytes. Our study showed that mycophenolic acid, an IMP dehydrogenase inhibitor, increases the mRNA expression of Ucp-1 in immortalized adipocytes. Furthermore, we performed a single administration of mycophenolate mofetil, a prodrug of mycophenolic acid, to mice and demonstrated that mycophenolate mofetil induces adipocyte browning and miniaturization of adipocyte size, leading to adipose tissue weight loss. These findings showed that IMP metabolism has a significant effect on adipocyte browning, suggesting that the regulator of IMP metabolism has the potential to prevent obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruya Takahashi
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Motohiro Tokura
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Satoko Kawarasaki
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nagai
- Gifu Prefectural Research Institute for Health and Environmental Science, Gifu, 504-0838, Japan
| | - Mari Iwase
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kento Nishitani
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Haruka Okaze
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Mohri
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Ito
- Gifu Prefectural Research Institute for Health and Environmental Science, Gifu, 504-0838, Japan; Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gifu University of Medical Science, Gifu, 509-0293, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ara
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Huei-Fen Jheng
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Wataru Nomura
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan; Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Teruo Kawada
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan; Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuo Inoue
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan; Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Goto
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan; Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Brownstein AJ, Veliova M, Acin-Perez R, Liesa M, Shirihai OS. ATP-consuming futile cycles as energy dissipating mechanisms to counteract obesity. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:121-131. [PMID: 34741717 PMCID: PMC8873062 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09690-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Obesity results from an imbalance in energy homeostasis, whereby excessive energy intake exceeds caloric expenditure. Energy can be dissipated out of an organism by producing heat (thermogenesis), explaining the long-standing interest in exploiting thermogenic processes to counteract obesity. Mitochondrial uncoupling is a process that expends energy by oxidizing nutrients to produce heat, instead of ATP synthesis. Energy can also be dissipated through mechanisms that do not involve mitochondrial uncoupling. Such mechanisms include futile cycles described as metabolic reactions that consume ATP to produce a product from a substrate but then converting the product back into the original substrate, releasing the energy as heat. Energy dissipation driven by cellular ATP demand can be regulated by adjusting the speed and number of futile cycles. Energy consuming futile cycles that are reviewed here are lipolysis/fatty acid re-esterification cycle, creatine/phosphocreatine cycle, and the SERCA-mediated calcium import and export cycle. Their reliance on ATP emphasizes that mitochondrial oxidative function coupled to ATP synthesis, and not just uncoupling, can play a role in thermogenic energy dissipation. Here, we review ATP consuming futile cycles, the evidence for their function in humans, and their potential employment as a strategy to dissipate energy and counteract obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J Brownstein
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Cellular Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Michaela Veliova
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Rebeca Acin-Perez
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Marc Liesa
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Cellular Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Molecular Cellular Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Guillemet D, Belles C, Gomes A, Azalbert V, André M, Faresse N, Burcelin R, Lagarde JM, Lacasa D, Kéophiphath M. Screening for anti-adipogenic, pro-lipolytic and thermogenic plant extracts by models associating intestinal epithelial cells with human adipose cells. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:2201-2215. [PMID: 35092460 PMCID: PMC9106611 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02794-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Excessive fat mass accumulation in obesity leads to diverse metabolic disorders, increased risks of cardiovascular diseases and in some cases, mortality. The aim of this study was to screen the actions of botanical extracts intended for oral use on human adipose tissue, using an in vitro screening model combining human intestinal cells with human adipose cells. This was to find the most effective extracts on lipid accumulation, UCP1 expression and ATP production in pre-adipocytes and on adipocyte lipolysis. Methods In this study, 25 individual plant extracts were screened for their effects on human adipose cells. Consequently, an original in vitro model was set up using the Caco-2 cell line, to mimic the intestinal passage of the extracts and then exposing human adipose cells to them. The biological actions of extracts were thus characterized, and compared with a coffee extract standard. The most effective extracts, and their combinations, were retained for their actions on lipid accumulation, the expression of the thermogenic effector UCP1 and ATP production in pre-adipocytes as well as on lipolysis activity of mature adipocytes. Results The biphasic culture system combining human Caco-2 cells with human adipose cells was verified as functional using the green coffee extract standard. Out of the 25 plant extracts studied, only 7 and their combinations were retained due to their potent effects on adipose cells biology. The data showed that compared to the coffee extract standard, Immortelle, Catechu, Carrot and Rose hip extracts were the most effective in reducing lipid accumulation and increased UCP1 expression in human pre-adipocytes. Conclusion This study reveals the potential inhibitory effects on lipid accumulation and thermogenic activity of Immortelle, Catechu, Carrot and Rose hip extracts, and for the first time synergies in their combinations, using an in vitro model mimicking as closely as possible, human intestinal passage linked to adipose cells. These findings need to be confirmed by in vivo trials. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-021-02794-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chloé Belles
- Centre Pierre Potier, D.I.V.A. Expertise, 1 place Pierre Potier, 31100, Toulouse, France
| | - Aurélie Gomes
- Centre Pierre Potier, Imactiv 3D, 1 place Pierre Potier, 31100, Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Azalbert
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, 1 avenue du Professeur Jean Poulhès, 31432, Toulouse, France
| | - Mathilde André
- Centre Pierre Potier, D.I.V.A. Expertise, 1 place Pierre Potier, 31100, Toulouse, France
| | - Nourdine Faresse
- Centre Pierre Potier, D.I.V.A. Expertise, 1 place Pierre Potier, 31100, Toulouse, France
| | - Rémy Burcelin
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, 1 avenue du Professeur Jean Poulhès, 31432, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Michel Lagarde
- Centre Pierre Potier, Imactiv 3D, 1 place Pierre Potier, 31100, Toulouse, France
| | - Danièle Lacasa
- Centre Pierre Potier, D.I.V.A. Expertise, 1 place Pierre Potier, 31100, Toulouse, France
| | - Mayoura Kéophiphath
- Centre Pierre Potier, D.I.V.A. Expertise, 1 place Pierre Potier, 31100, Toulouse, France.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang Q, Ye R, Zhang YY, Fan CC, Wang J, Wang S, Chen S, Liu X. Brown Adipose Tissue and Novel Management Strategies for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Therapy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:847249. [PMID: 35663310 PMCID: PMC9160465 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.847249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT), a unique tissue, plays a key role in metabolism and energy expenditure through adaptive nonshivering thermogenesis. It has recently become a therapeutic target in the treatment of obesity and metabolic diseases. The thermogenic effect of BAT occurs through uncoupling protein-1 by uncoupling adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis from energy substrate oxidation. The review discusses the recent developments and progress associated with the biology, function, and activation of BAT, with a focus on its therapeutic potential for the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The endocrine activity of brown adipocytes affects the energy balance and homeostasis of glucose and lipids, thereby affecting the association of BAT activity and the metabolic profile. PCOS is a complex reproductive and metabolic disorder of reproductive-age women. Functional abnormalities of adipose tissue (AT) have been reported in patients with PCOS. Numerous studies have shown that BAT could regulate the features of PCOS and that increases in BAT mass or activity were effective in the treatment of PCOS through approaches including cold stimulation, BAT transplantation and compound activation in various animal models. Therefore, BAT may be used as a novel management strategy for the patients with PCOS to improve women's health clinically. It is highly important to identify key brown adipokines for the discovery and development of novel candidates to establish an efficacious therapeutic strategy for patients with PCOS in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Zhang
- Department of Human Reproductive Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongcai Ye
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Regulation (Family Planning), Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen-Chen Fan
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Reproductive Regulation (Family Planning), Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyu Wang
- Department of Human Reproductive Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Suwen Chen, ; Xiaowei Liu, ; Shuyu Wang,
| | - Suwen Chen
- Department of Reproductive Regulation (Family Planning), Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Suwen Chen, ; Xiaowei Liu, ; Shuyu Wang,
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Suwen Chen, ; Xiaowei Liu, ; Shuyu Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liao SF, Korivi M, Tsao JP, Huang CC, Chang CC, Cheng IS. Effect of Capsinoids Supplementation on Fat Oxidation and Muscle Glycogen Restoration During Post-exercise Recovery in Humans. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:981-988. [PMID: 32838710 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200824104856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Capsinoids (CSN), the novel non-pungent capsaicin analogs have been reported to promote metabolic health and exercise tolerance. However, the effect of CSN on fat oxidation and changes in skeletal muscle glycogen levels during post-exercise recovery has not been investigated in humans. PURPOSE We examined the effect of CSN supplementation on energy reliance, glycogen resynthesis and molecular proteins in the skeletal muscle of young adults during post-exercise recovery. METHODS In this crossover-designed study, nine healthy adult male volunteers (aged 21.4±0.2 years, BMI 21.9±1.3 kg/m2) completed a 60-min cycling exercise at 70% VO2max. Participants consumed either CSN (12 mg, single dosage) or placebo capsules with a high-carbohydrate meal (2 g carb/kg bodyweight) immediately after exercise. Biopsied muscle samples (vastus lateralis), blood, and gaseous samples were obtained during 3h postexercise recovery period. RESULTS We found that oral CSN supplementation right after exercise significantly altered the energy reliance on fat oxidation during recovery. This was evidenced by lower respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and higher fat oxidation rate in CSN trial. Despite this, acute CSN dosage does not contribute in enhancing the glycogen replenishment in skeletal muscle during 3h recovery. We identified no significant differences in postprandial glucose and insulin area under the curve in both trials. Western blot data showed an increased muscle GLUT4 expression, but no significant response of p-Akt/Akt ratio with CSN during post-exercise recovery. CONCLUSION Our findings conclude that acute CSN intake could change energy reliance on fat oxidation but is unable to enhance muscle glycogen resynthesis during post-exercise recovery. Thus, ergogenic properties of CSN in relevance to muscle glycogen restoration following exercise needs to be further investigated in young adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Fen Liao
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan
| | - Mallikarjuna Korivi
- Exercise and Metabolism Research Center, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua City, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jung-Piao Tsao
- Center for General Education, National Taichung University of Education, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ching Huang
- Department of Exercise and Health Science, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Chang
- Physical Education Center, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien City, Taiwan
| | - I-Shiung Cheng
- Department of Physical Education, National Taichung University of Education, Taichung City, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Loss of APJ mediated β-arrestin signalling improves high-fat diet induced metabolic dysfunction but does not alter cardiac function in mice. Biochem J 2021; 477:3313-3327. [PMID: 32779693 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Apelin receptor (APJ) is a G protein-coupled receptor that contributes to many physiological processes and is emerging as a therapeutic target to treat a variety of diseases. For most disease indications the role of G protein vs β-arrestin signalling in mitigating disease pathophysiology remains poorly understood. This hinders the development of G protein biased APJ agonists, which have been proposed to have several advantages over balanced APJ signalling agonists. To elucidate the contribution of APJ β-arrestin signalling, we generated a transgenic mouse harbouring a point mutation (APJ I107A) that maintains full G protein activity but fails to recruit β-arrestin following receptor activation. APJ I107A mutant mice did not alter cardiac function at rest, following exercise challenge or in response to pressure overload induced cardiac hypertrophy. Additionally, APJ I107A mice have comparable body weights, plasma glucose and lipid levels relative to WT mice when fed a chow diet. However, APJ I107A mice showed significantly lower body weight, blood insulin levels, improved glucose tolerance and greater insulin sensitivity when fed a high-fat diet. Furthermore, loss of APJ β-arrestin signalling also affected fat composition and the expression of lipid metabolism related genes in adipose tissue from high-fat fed mice. Taken together, our results suggest that G protein biased APJ activation may be more effective for certain disease indications given that loss of APJ mediated β-arrestin signalling appears to mitigate several aspects of diet induced metabolic dysfunction.
Collapse
|
15
|
Androgen Reduces Mitochondrial Respiration in Mouse Brown Adipocytes: A Model for Disordered Energy Balance in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010243. [PMID: 33383677 PMCID: PMC7796281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy that is associated with an adverse metabolic profile including reduced postprandial thermogenesis. Although abnormalities in adipose tissue function have been widely reported in women with PCOS, less is known about direct effects of androgen on white and, particularly, brown adipocytes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the nonaromatizable androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT) on (1) lipid accumulation and expression of adipogenic markers in immortalized mouse brown adipose cell lines (IMBATs), (2) mitochondrial respiration in IMBATs, (3) mitochondrial DNA content and gene expression, (4) expression of brown adipose tissue (BAT) markers and thermogenic activation. In addition, we profiled the relative levels of 38 adipokines secreted from BAT explants and looked at androgen effects on adipokine gene expression in both IMBATs and immortalized mouse white adipose (IMWATs) cell lines. Androgen treatment inhibited IMBAT differentiation in a dose-dependent manner, reduced markers of adipogenesis, and attenuated the β-adrenoceptor-stimulated increase in uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) expression. In explants of mouse interscapular BAT, androgen reduced expression of UCP1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1 (PCG-1) and Cidea. Significantly, as well as affecting genes involved in thermogenesis in BAT, androgen treatment reduced mitochondrial respiration in IMBATs, as measured by the Seahorse XF method. The results of this study suggest a role for excess androgen in inhibiting brown adipogenesis, attenuating the activation of thermogenesis and reducing mitochondrial respiration in BAT. Together, these data provide a plausible molecular mechanism that may contribute to reduced postprandial thermogenesis and the tendency to obesity in women with PCOS.
Collapse
|
16
|
Berezin AE, Berezin AA, Lichtenauer M. Emerging Role of Adipocyte Dysfunction in Inducing Heart Failure Among Obese Patients With Prediabetes and Known Diabetes Mellitus. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:583175. [PMID: 33240938 PMCID: PMC7667132 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.583175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue dysfunction is a predictor for cardiovascular (CV) events and heart failure (HF) in patient population with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and known type 2 diabetes mellitus. Previous preclinical and clinical studies have yielded controversial findings regarding the role of accumulation of adipose tissue various types in CV risk and HF-related clinical outcomes in obese patients. There is evidence for direct impact of infiltration of epicardial adipocytes into the underlying myocardium to induce adverse cardiac remodeling and mediate HF development and atrial fibrillation. Additionally, perivascular adipocytes accumulation is responsible for release of proinflammatory adipocytokines (adiponectin, leptin, resistin), stimulation of oxidative stress, macrophage phenotype switching, and worsening vascular reparation, which all lead to microvascular inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis acceleration, and finally to increase in CV mortality. However, systemic effects of white and brown adipose tissue can be different, and adipogenesis including browning of adipose tissue and deficiency of anti-inflammatory adipocytokines (visfatin, omentin, zinc-α2-glycoprotein, glypican-4) was frequently associated with adipose triglyceride lipase augmentation, altered glucose homeostasis, resistance to insulin of skeletal muscles, increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis, lowered survival, and weak function of progenitor endothelial cells, which could significantly influence on HF development, as well as end-organ fibrosis and multiple comorbidities. The exact underlying mechanisms for these effects are not fully understood, while they are essential to help develop improved treatment strategies. The aim of the review is to summarize the evidence showing that adipocyte dysfunction may induce the onset of HF and support advance of HF through different biological mechanisms involving inflammation, pericardial, and perivascular adipose tissue accumulation, adverse and electrical cardiac remodeling, and skeletal muscle dysfunction. The unbalancing effects of natriuretic peptides, neprilysin, and components of renin–angiotensin system, as exacerbating cause of altered adipocytokine signaling on myocardium and vasculature, in obesity patients at high risk of HF are disputed. The profile of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory adipocytokines as promising biomarker for HF risk stratification is discussed in the review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Berezin
- Internal Medicine Department, State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Zaporozhye, Ukraine
| | - Alexander A Berezin
- Internal Medicine Department, Medical Academy of Post-Graduate Education, Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Zaporozhye, Ukraine
| | - Michael Lichtenauer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Effects of Capsinoid Intake on Brown Adipose Tissue Vascular Density and Resting Energy Expenditure in Healthy, Middle-Aged Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092676. [PMID: 32887379 PMCID: PMC7551765 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsinoids are some of the most promising ingredients to increase energy expenditure (EE) due to brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation. However, there is limited information regarding the effect of prolonged capsinoid ingestion (CI) on BAT activity and resting EE (REE) in healthy, middle-aged, normal to overweight subjects (Subhealthy) with distinct BAT characteristics. We examined the changes in BAT density (BAT-d), using near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy, and REE/kg induced by daily CI. Forty Subhealthy [age, 43.8 (mean) years; BMI, 25.4 kg/m2] received either capsinoid (9 mg/day) or a placebo daily for 6 weeks in a double-blind design. Total hemoglobin concentration in the supraclavicular region ([total-Hb]sup), an indicator of BAT-d, and REE/kg were measured. The changes in post-intervention [total-Hb]sup were greater in the capsinoid group (CA-G) than in the placebo group (PL-G) [5.8 µM (+12.4%) versus 1.0 µM (+2.1%); p = 0.017]. There was a significant relationship between BAT-d and REE/kg; however, post-supplementation REE/kg was not significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.228). In the overweight subgroup, changes in REE/kg were greater in the CA-G than in the PL-G [0.6 cal/kg/min (+4.3%) versus -0.3 cal/kg/min (-2.1%); p = 0.021]. CI enhanced [total-Hb]sup, a reflection of BAT-d, showing a good correlation with REE in Subhealthy.
Collapse
|
18
|
Yoon Y, Kim G, Noh MG, Park JH, Jang M, Fang S, Park H. Lactobacillus fermentum promotes adipose tissue oxidative phosphorylation to protect against diet-induced obesity. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1574-1586. [PMID: 32917958 PMCID: PMC8080655 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-00502-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has pivotal roles in metabolic homeostasis and modulation of the intestinal environment. Notably, the administration of Lactobacillus spp. ameliorates diet-induced obesity in humans and mice. However, the mechanisms through which Lactobacillus spp. control host metabolic homeostasis remain unclear. Accordingly, in this study, we evaluated the physiological roles of Lactobacillus fermentum in controlling metabolic homeostasis in diet-induced obesity. Our results demonstrated that L. fermentum-potentiated oxidative phosphorylation in adipose tissue, resulting in increased energy expenditure to protect against diet-induced obesity. Indeed, oral administration of L. fermentum LM1016 markedly ameliorated glucose clearance and fatty liver in high-fat diet-fed mice. Moreover, administration of L. fermentum LM1016 markedly decreased inflammation and increased oxidative phosphorylation in gonadal white adipose tissue, as demonstrated by transcriptome analysis. Finally, metabolome analysis showed that metabolites derived from L. fermentum LM1016-attenuated adipocyte differentiation and inflammation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. These pronounced metabolic improvements suggested that the application of L. fermentum LM1016 could have clinical applications for the treatment of metabolic syndromes, such as diet-induced obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youngmin Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Korea
| | - Gihyeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Korea
| | - Myung-Giun Noh
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Korea
| | | | - Mongjoo Jang
- Genome and Company, Pangyo-ro 255, Bundang-gu, Seoungnam, Korea
| | - Sungsoon Fang
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Hansoo Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Korea.
- Genome and Company, Pangyo-ro 255, Bundang-gu, Seoungnam, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nimitphong H, Park E, Lee MJ. Vitamin D regulation of adipogenesis and adipose tissue functions. Nutr Res Pract 2020; 14:553-567. [PMID: 33282119 PMCID: PMC7683208 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2020.14.6.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with obesity and its related metabolic diseases. Adipose tissues store and metabolize vitamin D and expression levels of vitamin D metabolizing enzymes are known to be altered in obesity. Sequestration of vitamin D in large amount of adipose tissues and low vitamin D metabolism may contribute to the vitamin D inadequacy in obesity. Vitamin D receptor is expressed in adipose tissues and vitamin D regulates multiple aspects of adipose biology including adipogenesis as well as metabolic and endocrine function of adipose tissues that can contribute to the high risk of metabolic diseases in vitamin D insufficiency. We will review current understanding of vitamin D regulation of adipose biology focusing on vitamin D modulation of adiposity and adipose tissue functions as well as the molecular mechanisms through which vitamin D regulates adipose biology. The effects of supplementation or maintenance of vitamin D on obesity and metabolic diseases are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hataikarn Nimitphong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Eunmi Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, Daejeon 34430, Korea
| | - Mi-Jeong Lee
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Braz GRF, da Silva AI, Silva SCA, Pedroza AAS, de Lemos MDT, de Lima FAS, Silva TLA, Lagranha CJ. Chronic serotonin reuptake inhibition uncouples brown fat mitochondria and induces beiging/browning process of white fat in overfed rats. Life Sci 2020; 245:117307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
21
|
Saito M, Matsushita M, Yoneshiro T, Okamatsu-Ogura Y. Brown Adipose Tissue, Diet-Induced Thermogenesis, and Thermogenic Food Ingredients: From Mice to Men. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:222. [PMID: 32373072 PMCID: PMC7186310 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the recent rediscovery of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans, this thermogenic tissue has been attracting increasing interest. The inverse relationship between BAT activity and body fatness suggests that BAT, because of its energy dissipating activity, is protective against body fat accumulation. Cold exposure activates and recruits BAT, resulting in increased energy expenditure and decreased body fatness. The stimulatory effects of cold exposure are mediated through transient receptor potential (TRP) channels and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). Most TRP members also function as chemesthetic receptors for various food ingredients, and indeed, agonists of TRP vanilloid 1 such as capsaicin and its analog capsinoids mimic the effects of cold exposure to decrease body fatness through the activation and recruitment of BAT. The antiobesity effect of other food ingredients including tea catechins may be attributable, at least in part, to the activation of the TRP-SNS-BAT axis. BAT is also involved in the facultative thermogenesis induced by meal intake, referred to as diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT), which is a significant component of the total energy expenditure in our daily lives. Emerging evidence suggests a crucial role for the SNS in BAT-associated DIT, particularly during the early phase, but several gut-derived humoral factors may also participate in meal-induced BAT activation. One intriguing factor is bile acids, which activate BAT directly through Takeda G-protein receptor 5 (TGR5) in brown adipocytes. Given the apparent beneficial effects of some TRP agonists and bile acids on whole-body substrate and energy metabolism, the TRP/TGR5-BAT axis represents a promising target for combating obesity and related metabolic disorders in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Saito
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Masayuki Saito
| | | | - Takeshi Yoneshiro
- Division of Metabolic Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Junker D, Syväri J, Weidlich D, Holzapfel C, Drabsch T, Waschulzik B, Rummeny EJ, Hauner H, Karampinos DC. Investigation of the Relationship between MR-Based Supraclavicular Fat Fraction and Thyroid Hormones. Obes Facts 2020; 13:331-343. [PMID: 32564012 PMCID: PMC7445585 DOI: 10.1159/000507294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a potential role in energy and glucose metabolism in humans. Thyroid hormones (TH) are main regulators of BAT development and function. However, it remains unknown how the magnetic resonance (MR)-based proton density fat fraction (PDFF) of supraclavicular adipose tissue used as a surrogate marker for BAT presence relates to TH. Therefore, the purpose of this analysis was to investigate the relationship between supraclavicular PDFF and serum levels of TH. METHODS In total, 96 adult volunteers from a large cross-sectional study who underwent additional MR examination of the neck and pelvis were included in this analysis. Segmented PDFF maps of the supraclavicular and gluteal subcutaneous adipose tissue were generated. Delta PDFF was calculated as the difference between gluteal and supraclavicular PDFF and grouped as high (≥12%) or low (<12%) based on the median and the clinical rationale of a high versus low probability of BAT being present. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (mIU/L), free triiodothyronine (FT3, pg/mL) and free thyroxine (FT4, ng/dL) levels were determined in blood samples. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight (kg)/height (m)2. Statistical analyses included the use of paired samples ttest, simple linear regression analysis and a multivariable linear regression analysis. RESULTS The median age of the subjects (77% female) was 33 years, BMI ranged from 17.2 to 43.1 kg/m2. Supraclavicular and gluteal PDFF differed significantly (76.5 ± 4.8 vs. 89.4 ± 3.5 %, p < 0.01). Supraclavicular PDFF was associated with FT3 in subjects with high delta PDFF (R2 = 0.17, p < 0.01), with higher FT3 being associated with lower supraclavicular PDFF (y = 85.2 + -3.6 x). In a multivariable linear regression analysis considering further potential prognostic factors, the interaction between the delta PDFF group and FT3 remained a predictor for supraclavicular PDFF (B = -4.65, p < 0.01). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS Supraclavicular PDFF corresponds to the presence of BAT. In the present analysis, supraclavicular PDFF is correlated with FT3 in subjects with high delta PDFF. Therefore, the present findings suggest that biologically active T3 may be involved in the development of supraclavicular BAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Junker
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany,
| | - Jan Syväri
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Weidlich
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Holzapfel
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Theresa Drabsch
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Birgit Waschulzik
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ernst J Rummeny
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Hauner
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Else Kroener-Fresenius-Center of Nutritional Medicine, ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Dimitrios C Karampinos
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sanchez-Gurmaches J, Martinez Calejman C, Jung SM, Li H, Guertin DA. Brown fat organogenesis and maintenance requires AKT1 and AKT2. Mol Metab 2019; 23:60-74. [PMID: 30833219 PMCID: PMC6480051 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Understanding the signaling mechanisms that control brown adipose tissue (BAT) development is relevant to understanding energy homeostasis and obesity. The AKT kinases are insulin effectors with critical in vivo functions in adipocytes; however, their role in adipocyte development remains poorly understood. The goal of this study was to investigate AKT function in BAT development. Methods We conditionally deleted Akt1 and Akt2 either individually or together with Myf5-Cre, which targets early mesenchymal precursors that give rise to brown adipocytes. Because Myf5-Cre also targets skeletal muscle and some white adipocyte lineages, comparisons were made between AKT function in BAT versus white adipose tissue (WAT) and muscle development. We also deleted both Akt1 and Akt2 in mature brown adipocytes with Ucp1-Cre or Ucp1-CreER to investigate AKT1/2 signaling in BAT maintenance. Results AKT1 and AKT2 are individually dispensable in Myf5-Cre lineages in vivo for establishing brown and white adipocyte precursor cell pools and for their ability to differentiate (i.e. induce PPARγ). AKT1 and AKT2 are also dispensable for skeletal muscle development, and AKT3 does not compensate in either the adipocyte or muscle lineages. In contrast, AKT2 is required for adipocyte lipid filling and efficient downstream AKT substrate phosphorylation. Mice in which both Akt1 and Akt2 are deleted with Myf5-Cre lack BAT but have normal muscle mass, and doubly deleting Akt1 and Akt2 in mature brown adipocytes, either congenitally (with Ucp1-Cre), or inducibly in older mice (with Ucp1-CreER), also ablates BAT. Mechanistically, AKT signaling promotes adipogenesis in part by stimulating ChREBP activity. Conclusions AKT signaling is required in vivo for BAT development but dispensable for skeletal muscle development. AKT1 and AKT2 have both overlapping and distinct functions in BAT development with AKT2 being the most critical individual isoform. AKT1 and AKT2 also have distinct and complementary functions in BAT maintenance. AKT1 is dispensable for the differentiation of Myf5-lineage adipocytes. AKT2 regulates adipocyte cell size and body fat distribution. AKT1 and AKT2 exhibit some compensatory functions in BAT development and maintenance. AKT1 and AKT2 are dispensable in the Myf5-lineage for muscle development. ChREBP may function downstream of Akt1/Akt2 in brown adipocyte differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joan Sanchez-Gurmaches
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| | - Camila Martinez Calejman
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Su Myung Jung
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Huawei Li
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - David A Guertin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Lei Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Franz D, Diefenbach MN, Treibel F, Weidlich D, Syväri J, Ruschke S, Wu M, Holzapfel C, Drabsch T, Baum T, Eggers H, Rummeny EJ, Hauner H, Karampinos DC. Differentiating supraclavicular from gluteal adipose tissue based on simultaneous PDFF and T 2 * mapping using a 20-echo gradient-echo acquisition. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 50:424-434. [PMID: 30684282 PMCID: PMC6767392 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adipose tissue (AT) can be classified into white and brown/beige subtypes. Chemical shift encoding‐based water–fat MRI‐techniques allowing simultaneous mapping of proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and T2* result in a lower PDFF and a shorter T2* in brown compared with white AT. However, AT T2* values vary widely in the literature and are primarily based on 6‐echo data. Increasing the number of echoes in a multiecho gradient‐echo acquisition is expected to increase the precision of AT T2* mapping. Purpose 1) To mitigate issues of current T2*‐measurement techniques through experimental design, and 2) to investigate gluteal and supraclavicular AT T2* and PDFF and their relationship using a 20‐echo gradient‐echo acquisition. Study Type Prospective. Subjects Twenty‐one healthy subjects. Field Strength/Sequence Assessment First, a ground truth signal evolution was simulated from a single‐T2* water–fat model. Second, a time‐interleaved 20‐echo gradient‐echo sequence with monopolar gradients of neck and abdomen/pelvis at 3 T was performed in vivo to determine supraclavicular and gluteal PDFF and T2*. Complex‐based water–fat separation was performed for the first 6 echoes and the full 20 echoes. AT depots were segmented. Statistical Tests Mann‐Whitney test, Wilcoxon signed‐rank test and simple linear regression analysis. Results Both PDFF and T2* differed significantly between supraclavicular and gluteal AT with 6 and 20 echoes (PDFF: P < 0.0001 each, T2*: P = 0.03 / P < 0.0001 for 6/20 echoes). 6‐echo T2* demonstrated higher standard deviations and broader ranges than 20‐echo T2*. Regression analyses revealed a strong relationship between PDFF and T2* values per AT compartment (R2 = 0.63 supraclavicular, R2 = 0.86 gluteal, P < 0.0001 each). Data Conclusion The present findings suggest that an increase in the number of sampled echoes beyond 6 does not affect AT PDFF quantification, whereas AT T2* is considerably affected. Thus, a 20‐echo gradient‐echo acquisition enables a multiparametric analysis of both AT PDFF and T2* and may therefore improve MR‐based differentiation between white and brown fat. Level of Evidence: 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:424–434.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Franz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian N Diefenbach
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Franziska Treibel
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Weidlich
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Syväri
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Ruschke
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mingming Wu
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Holzapfel
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Theresa Drabsch
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Baum
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Ernst J Rummeny
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Hauner
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dimitrios C Karampinos
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Larson CJ. Translational Pharmacology and Physiology of Brown Adipose Tissue in Human Disease and Treatment. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2019; 251:381-424. [PMID: 30689089 DOI: 10.1007/164_2018_184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) is experimentally modeled to better understand the biology of this important metabolic tissue, and also to enable the potential discovery and development of novel therapeutics for obesity and sequelae resulting from the persistent positive energy balance. This chapter focuses on translation into humans of findings and hypotheses generated in nonhuman models of BAT pharmacology. Given the demonstrated challenges of sustainably reducing caloric intake in modern humans, potential solutions to obesity likely lie in increasing energy expenditure. The energy-transforming activities of a single cell in any given tissue can be conceptualized as a flow of chemical energy from energy-rich substrate molecules into energy-expending, endergonic biological work processes through oxidative degradation of organic molecules ingested as nutrients. Despite the relatively tight coupling between metabolic reactions and products, some expended energy is incidentally lost as heat, and in this manner a significant fraction of the energy originally captured from the environment nonproductively transforms into heat rather than into biological work. In human and other mammalian cells, some processes are even completely uncoupled, and therefore purely energy consuming. These molecular and cellular actions sum up at the physiological level to adaptive thermogenesis, the endogenous physiology in which energy is nonproductively released as heat through uncoupling of mitochondria in brown fat and potentially skeletal muscle. Adaptive thermogenesis in mammals occurs in three forms, mostly in skeletal muscle and brown fat: shivering thermogenesis in skeletal muscle, non-shivering thermogenesis in brown fat, and diet-induced thermogenesis in brown fat. At the cellular level, the greatest energy transformations in humans and other eukaryotes occur in the mitochondria, where creating energetic inefficiency by uncoupling the conversion of energy-rich substrate molecules into ATP usable by all three major forms of biological work occurs by two primary means. Basal uncoupling occurs as a passive, general, nonspecific leak down the proton concentration gradient across the membrane in all mitochondria in the human body, a gradient driving a key step in ATP synthesis. Inducible uncoupling, which is the active conduction of protons across gradients through processes catalyzed by proteins, occurs only in select cell types including BAT. Experiments in rodents revealed UCP1 as the primary mammalian molecule accounting for the regulated, inducible uncoupling of BAT, and responsive to both cold and pharmacological stimulation. Cold stimulation of BAT has convincingly translated into humans, and older clinical observations with nonselective 2,4-DNP validate that human BAT's participation in pharmacologically mediated, though nonselective, mitochondrial membrane decoupling can provide increased energy expenditure and corresponding body weight loss. In recent times, however, neither beta-adrenergic antagonism nor unselective sympathomimetic agonism by ephedrine and sibutramine provide convincing evidence that more BAT-selective mechanisms can impact energy balance and subsequently body weight. Although BAT activity correlates with leanness, hypothesis-driven selective β3-adrenergic agonism to activate BAT in humans has only provided robust proof of pharmacologic activation of β-adrenergic receptor signaling, limited proof of the mechanism of increased adaptive thermogenesis, and no convincing evidence that body weight loss through negative energy balance upon BAT activation can be accomplished outside of rodents. None of the five demonstrably β3 selective molecules with sufficient clinical experience to merit review provided significant weight loss in clinical trials (BRL 26830A, TAK 677, L-796568, CL 316,243, and BRL 35135). Broader conclusions regarding the human BAT therapeutic hypothesis are limited by the absence of data from most studies demonstrating specific activation of BAT thermogenesis in most studies. Additionally, more limited data sets with older or less selective β3 agonists also did not provide strong evidence of body weight effects. Encouragingly, β3-adrenergic agonists, catechins, capsinoids, and nutritional extracts, even without robust negative energy balance outcomes, all demonstrated increased total energy expenditure that in some cases could be associated with concomitant activation of BAT, though the absence of body weight loss indicates that in no cases did the magnitude of negative energy balance reach sufficient levels. Glucocorticoid receptor agonists, PPARg agonists, and thyroid hormone receptor agonists all possess defined molecular and cellular pharmacology that preclinical models predicted to be efficacious for negative energy balance and body weight loss, yet their effects on human BAT thermogenesis upon translation were inconsistent with predictions and disappointing. A few new mechanisms are nearing the stage of clinical trials and may yet provide a more quantitatively robust translation from preclinical to human experience with BAT. In conclusion, translation into humans has been demonstrated with BAT molecular pharmacology and cell biology, as well as with physiological response to cold. However, despite pharmacologically mediated, statistically significant elevation in total energy expenditure, translation into biologically meaningful negative energy balance was not achieved, as indicated by the absence of measurable loss of body weight over the duration of a clinical study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Larson
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Xu Z, Liu J, You W, Wang Y, Shan T. Cold exposure induces nuclear translocation of CRTC3 in brown adipose tissue. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:9138-9146. [PMID: 30506739 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, cold stress activates the cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway, increases brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity, and induces thermogenesis to maintain body temperature. The cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB)-regulated transcription coactivator 3 (CRTC3) plays important role in adipose development and energy metabolism. However, the effect of cold exposure on the intracellular localization of CRTC3 in BAT is unclear. Here, we report that cold-treated mice have higher expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in adipose tissues and lower body weights and fat masses. Notably, cold exposure results in the nuclear translocation of CRTC3 in BAT. Moreover, forskolin (FSK), the activator of PKA pathway, induces the nuclear translocation of CRTC3 in brown adipocytes. At the molecular level, cold exposure and FSK treatment decrease liver kinase B1 (Lkb1) expression in brown adipocytes, which is related to the nuclear localization of CRTC3. These results demonstrate that the localization of CRTC3 involves in regulating cold-induced upregulation of UCP1 in BAT and provide useful information for understanding the molecular regulation of BAT thermogenesis induced by a cold environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziye Xu
- Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjing You
- Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Knuth CM, Peppler WT, Townsend LK, Miotto PM, Gudiksen A, Wright DC. Prior exercise training improves cold tolerance independent of indices associated with non-shivering thermogenesis. J Physiol 2018; 596:4375-4391. [PMID: 30109697 DOI: 10.1113/jp276228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Mammals defend against cold-induced reductions in body temperature through both shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis. The activation of non-shivering thermogenesis is primarily driven by uncoupling protein-1 in brown adipose tissue and to a lesser degree by the browning of white adipose tissue. Endurance exercise has also been shown to increase markers of white adipose tissue browning. This study aimed to determine whether prior exercise training would alter the response to a cold challenge and if this would be associated with differences in indices of non-shivering thermogenesis. It is shown that exercise training protects against cold-induced weight loss by increasing food intake. Exercise-trained mice were better able to maintain their core temperature, independent of differences in markers of non-shivering thermogenesis. ABSTRACT Shivering is one of the first defences against cold, and as skeletal muscle fatigues there is an increased reliance on non-shivering thermogenesis. Brown and beige adipose tissues are the primary thermogenic tissues regulating this process. Exercise has also been shown to increase the thermogenic capacity of subcutaneous white adipose tissue. Whether exercise has an effect on the adaptations to cold stress within adipose tissue and skeletal muscle remains to be shown. Male C57BL/6 mice were either subjected to voluntary wheel running or remained sedentary for 12 days. Exercise led to decreased body weight and increased glucose tolerance. Mice were then divided into groups kept at 25°C room temperature or a cold challenge of 4°C for 48 h. Exercised mice were protected against cold-induced reductions in weight and in parallel with increased food intake. Providing exercised mice with the same amount of food as sedentary mice eliminated the protection against cold-induced weight loss. Cold exposure led to greater reductions in rectal temperature in sedentary compared to exercised mice. This protective effect was not explained by differences in the browning of white adipose tissue or brown adipose tissue mass. Similarly, the ability of the β3 -adrenergic agonist CL 316,243 to increase energy expenditure was attenuated in previously exercised mice, suggesting that the activation of uncoupling protein-1 in brown and/or beige adipocytes is not the source of protective effects. We speculate that the protection against cold-induced reductions in rectal temperature could potentially be linked to exercise-induced alterations in skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carly M Knuth
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Willem T Peppler
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Logan K Townsend
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Paula M Miotto
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Anders Gudiksen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David C Wright
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lee MJ. Transforming growth factor beta superfamily regulation of adipose tissue biology in obesity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:1160-1171. [PMID: 29409985 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of dysfunctional white adipose tissues increases risks for cardiometabolic diseases in obesity. In addition to white, brown or brite adipose tissues are also present in adult humans and increasing their amount may be protective. Therefore, understanding factors regulating the amount and function of each adipose depot is crucial for developing therapeutic targets for obesity and its associated metabolic diseases. The transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) superfamily, which consists of TGFβ, BMPs, GDFs, and activins, controls multiple aspects of adipose biology. This review focuses on the recent development in understanding the role of TGFβ superfamily in the regulation of white, brite and brown adipocyte differentiation, adipose tissue fibrosis, and adipocyte metabolic and endocrine functions. TGFβ family and their antagonists are produced locally within adipose tissues and their expression levels are altered in obesity. We also discuss their potential contribution to adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Jeong Lee
- Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave Levy Place, Box 1152, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mao L, Lei J, Schoemaker MH, Ma B, Zhong Y, Lambers TT, Van Tol EAF, Zhou Y, Nie T, Wu D. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and extensively hydrolyzed casein-induced browning in a Ucp-1 reporter mouse model of obesity. Food Funct 2018; 9:2362-2373. [PMID: 29589625 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01835e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Browning in adipose tissues, which can be affected by diet, may mitigate the detrimental effects of adiposity and improve longer-term metabolic health. Here, browning-inducing effects of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, e.g., arachidonic acid (ARA)/docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and extensively hydrolyzed casein (eHC) were investigated in uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp-1) reporter mice. To address the overall functionality, their potential role in supporting a healthy metabolic profile under obesogenic dietary challenges later in life was evaluated. At weaning Ucp1+/LUC reporter mice were fed a control low fat diet (LFD) with or without ARA + DHA, eHC or eHC + ARA + DHA for 8 weeks until week 12 after which interventions continued for another 12 weeks under a high-fat diet (HFD) challenge. Serology (metabolic responses and inflammation) and in vivo and ex vivo luciferase activity were determined; in the meantime browning-related proteins UCP-1 and the genes peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α), PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16) and Ucp-1 were examined. ARA + DHA, eHC or their combination reduced body weight gain and adipose tissue weight compared to the HFD mice. The interventions induced Ucp-1 expression in adipose tissues prior to and during the HFD exposure. Ucp-1 induction was accompanied by higher PGC1a and PRDM16 expression. Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were improved coinciding with lower serum cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, insulin, leptin, resistin, fibroblast growth factor 21, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and higher adiponectin than the HFD group. HFD-associated increased systemic (IL-1β and TNF-α) and adipose tissue inflammation (F4/80, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6) was reduced. Studies in a Ucp-1 reporter mouse model revealed that early intervention with ARA/DHA and eHC improves metabolic flexibility and attenuates obesity during HFD challenge later in life. Increased browning is suggested as, at least, part of the underlying mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liufeng Mao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kim N, Kim J, Yoo C, Lim K, Akimoto T, Park J. Effect of acute mid-intensity treadmill exercise on the androgen hormone level and uncoupling protein-1 expression in brown fat tissue of mouse. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2018; 22:15-21. [PMID: 29673241 PMCID: PMC5909077 DOI: 10.20463/jenb.2018.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an important role in metabolizing different substances, including androgens. The aim of this study was to determine whether a single bout of aerobic exercise would increase the androgen hormone concentration in mouse BAT and whether its increase was associated with uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1), protein kinase A (PKA)-related mechanism in BAT. [Methods] Twenty, 9-week-old ICR adult male micewere randomly divided into three groups: Control (n=6, CON), Exercise (n=7, EX), and Exercise + SRD5A1A2 inhibitor (n=7, EXIN). SRD5A1A2 is an enzyme needed when free testosterone is metabolized to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). SRD5A1A2 was administered intraperitoneally in the EXIN group, while the CON and EX groups were treated with the vehicle only. One hour later, exercise was performed at 60–70% V˙O2max for 30minutes. The levels of testosterone and DHT in BAT were determined by ELISA, and UCP-1 mRNA level was examined by RT-PCR. UCP-1 and PKA protein levels were determined by western blotting. [Results] After a single period of exercise, testosterone and DHT concentrations in BAT were significantly higher in EX than those in CON, and lower in EXIN than those in EX. The ratio of phosphorylated PKA to total PKA in BAT was significantly higher in EX than that in CON, and lower in EXIN than that in EX. UCP-1 levels in BAT were not different in the three groups. [Conclusion] Aerobic exercise increased bioactive androgen hormone levels in BAT in association with the increase in phosphorylated PKA levels. In contrast, 30minutes of treadmill exercise did not affect UCP-1 expression.
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Since the rediscovery of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in humans, its energy-dissipating ability has been well-recognized. The negative correlations of BAT activity with adiposity and insulin sensitivity provided an obvious rationale for discerning reliable and practical strategies for stimulating BAT. Though cold exposure or use of pharmacological adrenomimetics can activate BAT, they may have adverse effects. Therefore, determining alternative stimulants of BAT with lower risks such as commonly used food ingredients is highly desirable. Recent observations revealed that chemical activation of temperature-sensitive transient receptor potential (TRP) channels by food ingredients can recruit BAT in humans. Furthermore, animal studies have identified several food-derived stimulants of BAT acting through multiple mechanisms distinct from a TRP-mediated process. Dietary compounds acting as an activator of Sirtuin 1, a critical regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and brown adipocyte differentiation, are one such class of promising food-derived BAT activators in humans. While the individual effects of various dietary factors are increasingly established in a laboratory setting, the potential synergistic effects of multiple stimulants on BAT remain to be tested in a clinical environment. These investigations may support the development of efficient, flexible dietary regimens capable of boosting BAT thermogenesis.
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Excised fat tissue has a lower thermal conductivity than excised lean tissue. In theory then subcutaneous fat might serve as a barrier to heat loss and influence thermoregulatory abilities. In some aquatic mammals and animals from severely cold habitats subcutaneous adipose tissue has evolved into a continuous sheet that envelopes the organs and acts as a thermal insulation layer. This layer can comprise more than half of the cross-sectional area of the body. In most mammals however, the distribution of fat is less continuous. It has been suggested that in tropical animals this distribution may in fact allow animals to still store energy while not impeding heat loss. Studies of humans immersed in cool water convincingly demonstrate that obesity in humans also serves an insulation function. Humans with obesity cool less rapidly and have to elevate their metabolism less significantly than lean individuals when immersed in water. Although obesity provides an advantage in cold conditions it conversely impedes heat loss and makes obese people susceptible to heat stress more than lean individuals. In small mammals like mice the role of subcutaneous (or intradermal) fat for providing thermal insulation is less clear. In theory variations in thermoregulatory capacity may allow individuals different capabilities to burn off excess consumption. Hence, thermoregulatory variations may cause obesity differences. Thermoregulatory capacity is related to ambient temperature. Yet, levels of obesity are only weakly related to ambient temperature and this effect disappears when confounding factors like poverty and race are taken into account. Hence we conclude that obesity may have a significant impact on thermoregulatory physiology, but the converse is much less likely.
Collapse
|
33
|
von Essen G, Lindsund E, Cannon B, Nedergaard J. Adaptive facultative diet-induced thermogenesis in wild-type but not in UCP1-ablated mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 313:E515-E527. [PMID: 28679625 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00097.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The significance of diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) for metabolic control is still debated. Although obesogenic diets recruit UCP1 and adrenergically inducible thermogenesis, and although the absence of UCP1 may promote the development of obesity, no actual UCP1-related thermogenesis identifiable as diet-induced thermogenesis has to date been unambiguously demonstrated. Examining mice living at thermoneutrality, we have identified a process of facultative (directly elicited by acute eating), adaptive (magnitude develops over weeks on an obesogenic diet), and fully UCP1-dependent thermogenesis. We found no evidence for UCP1-independent diet-induced thermogenesis. The thermogenesis was proportional to the total amount of UCP1 protein in brown adipose tissue and was not dependent on any contribution of UCP1 in brite/beige adipose tissue, since no UCP1 protein was found there under these conditions. Total UCP1 protein amount developed proportionally to total body fat content. The physiological messenger linking obesity level and acute eating to increased thermogenesis is not known. Thus UCP1-dependent diet-induced thermogenesis limits obesity development during exposure to obesogenic diets but does not prevent obesity as such.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella von Essen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Lindsund
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barbara Cannon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Nedergaard
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
van den Berg SM, van Dam AD, Kusters PJH, Beckers L, den Toom M, van der Velden S, Van den Bossche J, van Die I, Boon MR, Rensen PCN, Lutgens E, de Winther MPJ. Helminth antigens counteract a rapid high-fat diet-induced decrease in adipose tissue eosinophils. J Mol Endocrinol 2017; 59:245-255. [PMID: 28694301 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation and white adipose tissue (WAT) beiging can increase energy expenditure and have the potential to reduce obesity and associated diseases. The immune system is a potential target in mediating brown and beige adipocyte activation. Type 2 and anti-inflammatory immune cells contribute to metabolic homeostasis within lean WAT, with a prominent role for eosinophils and interleukin (IL)-4-induced anti-inflammatory macrophages. We determined eosinophil numbers in epididymal WAT (EpAT), subcutaneous WAT (ScAT) and BAT after 1 day, 3 days or 1 week of high-fat diet (HFD) feeding in C57Bl/6 mice. One day of HFD resulted in a rapid drop in eosinophil numbers in EpAT and BAT, and after 3 days, in ScAT. In an attempt to restore this HFD-induced drop in adipose tissue eosinophils, we treated 1-week HFD-fed mice with helminth antigens from Schistosoma mansoni or Trichuris suis and evaluated whether the well-known protective metabolic effects of helminth antigens involves BAT activation or beiging. Indeed, antigens of both helminth species induced high numbers of eosinophils in EpAT, but failed to induce beiging. In ScAT, Schistosoma mansoni antigens induced mild eosinophilia, which was accompanied by slightly more beiging. No effects were observed in BAT. To study type 2 responses on brown adipocytes directly, T37i cells were stimulated with IL-4. This increased Ucp1 expression and strongly induced the production of eosinophil chemoattractant CCL11 (+26-fold), revealing that brown adipocytes themselves can attract eosinophils. Our findings indicate that helminth antigen-induced eosinophilia fails to induce profound beiging of white adipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan M van den Berg
- Department of Medical BiochemistryExperimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea D van Dam
- Department of MedicineDivision Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal J H Kusters
- Department of Medical BiochemistryExperimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Beckers
- Department of Medical BiochemistryExperimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Myrthe den Toom
- Department of Medical BiochemistryExperimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia van der Velden
- Department of Medical BiochemistryExperimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Van den Bossche
- Department of Medical BiochemistryExperimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irma van Die
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and ImmunologyVU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariëtte R Boon
- Department of MedicineDivision Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of MedicineDivision Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical BiochemistryExperimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK)Ludwig Maximilian's University, Munich, Germany
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Department of Medical BiochemistryExperimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK)Ludwig Maximilian's University, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lee MJ, Fried SK. Sex-dependent Depot Differences in Adipose Tissue Development and Function; Role of Sex Steroids. J Obes Metab Syndr 2017; 26:172-180. [PMID: 31089514 PMCID: PMC6484911 DOI: 10.7570/jomes.2017.26.3.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Men and women are different in their fat mass and distribution pattern. The gynoid-type fat distribution, accumulation in lower-body, is considered to be protective while the android-type accumulation in upper-body, both in abdominal subcutaneous and visceral depots, is detrimental. Sex-dependent depot differences in adipose metabolic and endocrine functions are thought to contribute to the sexual disparity in fat distribution as well as its association with cardiometabolic risks. Although molecular details have not been completely elucidated, available evidence shows that sex steroid hormones are important factors governing sexual dimorphism in adipose tissue distribution and hence, risks for metabolic diseases. We will review sex-dependent heterogeneities in adipose tissue properties that can link their depot-specific biology to metabolic complications in men and women. In addition, we will also review how sex steroids regulate adipose tissue biology, both development and functional characteristics, with emphasis on their depot-dependent actions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Jeong Lee
- Diabetes Obesity & Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Susan K Fried
- Diabetes Obesity & Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
|
37
|
Uchida K, Dezaki K, Yoneshiro T, Watanabe T, Yamazaki J, Saito M, Yada T, Tominaga M, Iwasaki Y. Involvement of thermosensitive TRP channels in energy metabolism. J Physiol Sci 2017; 67:549-560. [PMID: 28656459 PMCID: PMC10717017 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-017-0552-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To date, 11 thermosensitive transient receptor potential (thermo-TRP) channels have been identified. Recent studies have characterized the mechanism of thermosensing by thermo-TRPs and the physiological role of thermo-TRPs in energy metabolism. In this review, we highlight the role of various thermo-TRPs in energy metabolism and hormone secretion. In the pancreas, TRPM2 and other TRPs regulate insulin secretion. TRPV2 expressed in brown adipocytes contributes to differentiation and/or thermogenesis. Sensory nerves that express TRPV1 promote increased energy expenditure by activating sympathetic nerves and adrenaline secretion. Here, we first show that capsaicin-induced adrenaline secretion is completely impaired in TRPV1 knockout mice. The thermogenic effects of TRPV1 agonists are attributable to brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation in mice and humans. Moreover, TRPA1- and TRPM8-expressing sensory nerves also contribute to potentiation of BAT thermogenesis and energy expenditure in mice. Together, thermo-TRPs are promising targets for combating obesity and metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunitoshi Uchida
- Division of Cell Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Biosciences (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
- Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The University of Advanced Studies), 38 Nishigounaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.
- Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan.
| | - Katsuya Dezaki
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 320-0498, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoneshiro
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, 35 Medical Center Way, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0669, USA
| | - Tatsuo Watanabe
- Faculty of Future Industry, Happy Science University, 4427-1 Hitotsumatsu-hei, Chosei-mura, Chiba, 299-4325, Japan
| | - Jun Yamazaki
- Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
| | - Masayuki Saito
- Hokkaido University, Kita18-Nishi9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yada
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 320-0498, Japan
| | - Makoto Tominaga
- Division of Cell Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Biosciences (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The University of Advanced Studies), 38 Nishigounaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yusaku Iwasaki
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 320-0498, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zheng J, Zheng S, Feng Q, Zhang Q, Xiao X. Dietary capsaicin and its anti-obesity potency: from mechanism to clinical implications. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170286. [PMID: 28424369 PMCID: PMC5426284 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing public health problem, which has now been considered as a pandemic non-communicable disease. However, the efficacy of several approaches for weight loss is limited and variable. Thus, alternative anti-obesity treatments are urgently warranted, which should be effective, safe, and widely available. Active compounds isolated from herbs are similar with the practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine, which has a holistic approach that can target to several organs and tissues in the whole body. Capsaicin, a major active compound from chili peppers, has been clearly demonstrated for its numerous beneficial roles in health. In this review, we will focus on the less highlighted aspect, in particular how dietary chili peppers and capsaicin consumption reduce body weight and its potential mechanisms of its anti-obesity effects. With the widespread pandemic of overweight and obesity, the development of more strategies for the treatment of obesity is urgent. Therefore, a better understanding of the role and mechanism of dietary capsaicin consumption and metabolic health can provide critical implications for the early prevention and treatment of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Sheng Zheng
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Qianyun Feng
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Rao Y, Yu H, Gao L, Lu YT, Xu Z, Liu H, Gu LQ, Ye JM, Huang ZS. Natural alkaloid bouchardatine ameliorates metabolic disorders in high-fat diet-fed mice by stimulating the sirtuin 1/liver kinase B-1/AMPK axis. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:2457-2470. [PMID: 28493443 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Promoting energy metabolism is known to provide therapeutic effects for obesity and associated metabolic disorders. The present study evaluated the therapeutic effects of the newly identified bouchardatine (Bou) on obesity-associated metabolic disorders and the molecular mechanisms of these effects. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The molecular mode of action of Bou for its effects on lipid metabolism was first examined in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and HepG2 cells. This was followed by an evaluation of its metabolic effects in mice fed a high-fat diet for 16 weeks with Bou being administered in the last 5 weeks. Further mechanistic investigations were conducted in pertinent organs of the mice and relevant cell models. KEY RESULTS In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, Bou reduced lipid content and increased sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activity to facilitate liver kinase B1 (LKB1) activation of AMPK. Chronic administration of Bou (50 mg∙kg-1 every other day) in mice significantly attenuated high-fat diet-induced increases in body weight gain, dyslipidaemia and fatty liver without affecting food intake and no adverse effects were detected. These metabolic effects were associated with activation of the SIRT1-LKB1-AMPK signalling pathway in adipose tissue and liver. Of particular note, UCP1 expression and mitochondrial biogenesis were increased in both white and brown adipose tissues of Bou-treated mice. Incubation with Bou induced similar changes in primary brown adipocytes isolated from mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Bou may have therapeutic potential for obesity-related metabolic diseases by increasing the capacity of energy expenditure in adipose tissues and liver through a mechanism involving the SIRT1-LKB1-AMPK axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Rao
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Gao
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ting Lu
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lian-Quan Gu
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji-Ming Ye
- Molecular Pharmacology for Diabetes Group, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Zhi-Shu Huang
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sonoda J, Chen MZ, Baruch A. FGF21-receptor agonists: an emerging therapeutic class for obesity-related diseases. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2017; 30:/j/hmbci.ahead-of-print/hmbci-2017-0002/hmbci-2017-0002.xml. [PMID: 28525362 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2017-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) analogs and FGF21 receptor agonists (FGF21RAs) that mimic FGF21 ligand activity constitute the new "FGF21-class" of anti-obesity and anti-diabetic molecules that improve insulin sensitivity, ameliorate hepatosteatosis and promote weight loss. The metabolic actions of FGF21-class proteins in obese mice are attributed to stimulation of brown fat thermogenesis and increased secretion of adiponectin. The therapeutic utility of this class of molecules is being actively investigated in clinical trials for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This review is focused on various FGF21-class molecules, their molecular designs and the preclinical and clinical activities. These molecules include modified FGF21 as well as agonistic antibodies against the receptor for FGF21, namely the complex of FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) and the obligatory coreceptor βKlotho (KLB). In addition, a novel approach to increase endogenous FGF21 activity by inhibiting the FGF21-degrading protease fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is discussed.
Collapse
|
41
|
Yoneshiro T, Matsushita M, Hibi M, Tone H, Takeshita M, Yasunaga K, Katsuragi Y, Kameya T, Sugie H, Saito M. Tea catechin and caffeine activate brown adipose tissue and increase cold-induced thermogenic capacity in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105:873-881. [PMID: 28275131 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.144972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The thermogenic effects of green tea catechin have been repeatedly reported, but their mechanisms are poorly understood.Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the acute and chronic effects of catechin on brown adipose tissue (BAT), a site specialized for nonshivering thermogenesis, in humans.Design: Fifteen healthy male volunteers underwent fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography to assess BAT activity. To examine the acute catechin effect, whole-body energy expenditure (EE) after a single oral ingestion of a beverage containing 615 mg catechin and 77 mg caffeine (catechin beverage) was measured. Next, to investigate the chronic catechin effects, 10 men with low BAT activity were enrolled. Before and after ingestion of the catechin beverage 2 times/d for 5 wk, cold-induced thermogenesis (CIT) after 2 h of cold exposure at 19°C, which is proportional to BAT activity, was examined. Both the acute and chronic trials were single-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, season-matched crossover studies.Results: A single ingestion of the catechin beverage increased EE in 9 subjects who had metabolically active BAT (mean ± SEM: +15.24 ± 1.48 kcal, P < 0.01) but not in 6 subjects who had negligible activities (mean ± SEM: +3.42 ± 2.68 kcal). The ingestion of a placebo beverage containing 82 mg caffeine produced a smaller and comparative EE response in the 2 subject groups. Multivariate regression analysis revealed a significant interaction between BAT and catechin on EE (β = 0.496, P = 0.003). Daily ingestion of the catechin beverage elevated mean ± SEM CIT (from 92.0 ± 26.5 to 197.9 ± 27.7 kcal/d; P = 0.009), whereas the placebo beverage did not change it.Conclusion: Orally ingested tea catechin with caffeine acutely increases EE associated with increased BAT activity and chronically elevates nonshivering CIT, probably because of the recruitment of BAT, in humans. These trials were registered at www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/ as UMIN000016361.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yoneshiro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine,
| | - Mami Matsushita
- Department of Nutrition, School of Nursing and Nutrition, Tenshi College, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masanobu Hibi
- Health Care Food Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Hiroshi Tone
- Health Care Food Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Masao Takeshita
- Health Care Food Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Koichi Yasunaga
- Health Care Food Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Nakayama K, Iwamoto S. An adaptive variant of TRIB2, rs1057001, is associated with higher expression levels of thermogenic genes in human subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues. J Physiol Anthropol 2017; 36:16. [PMID: 28212671 PMCID: PMC5316227 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-017-0132-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An obesity-related single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the Tribbles pseudokinase 2 gene (TRIB2) was shown to have underwent adaptive evolution in the last glacial period, suggesting a selective advantage of this SNP in human populations in cold environments. In order to verify this hypothesis, the effect of the TRIB2 SNP on the expression of genes involved in adaptive thermogenesis was tested using messenger RNAs prepared from adipose tissues of Japanese adults. Methods Complementary DNA was prepared from subcutaneous adipose tissues (SAT) and visceral adipose tissues (VAT) obtained from 48 Japanese adults. Transcript levels of 15 selected genes, including five genes that are upregulated in development of thermogenic adipocytes, were measured by using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Differences in transcript levels between the TRIB2 SNP genotype groups (AA genotype versus AT + TT genotype) were assessed using t test. Results Of the five thermogenic genes, DIO2, CIDEA, PPARGC1A, and PRDM16 showed significantly higher transcript levels in SAT of individuals with the AA genotype relative to those with the AT + TT genotype (P < 0.05). However, only 2 out of the 10 non-thermogenic genes exhibited differences in transcript levels according to genotype. Additionally, in silico prediction indicated that this SNP likely affects the expression of nearby genes including TRIB2. Conclusion The higher expression levels of thermogenic genes in individuals homozygous for the adaptive variant of TRIB2 SNP suggest a greater propensity for induction of thermogenesis in adipose tissues in cold environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Nakayama
- Division of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, 329-0498, Japan.
| | - Sadahiko Iwamoto
- Division of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, 329-0498, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
van den Berg SM, van Dam AD, Rensen PCN, de Winther MPJ, Lutgens E. Immune Modulation of Brown(ing) Adipose Tissue in Obesity. Endocr Rev 2017; 38:46-68. [PMID: 27849358 DOI: 10.1210/er.2016-1066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with a variety of medical conditions such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases and is therefore responsible for high morbidity and mortality rates. Increasing energy expenditure by brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a current novel strategy to reduce the excessive energy stores in obesity. Brown adipocytes burn energy to generate heat and are mainly activated upon cold exposure. As prolonged cold exposure is not a realistic therapy, researchers worldwide are searching for novel ways to activate BAT and/or induce beiging of white adipose tissue. Recently, the contribution of immune cells in the regulation of brown adipocyte activity and beiging of white adipose tissue has gained increased attention, with a prominent role for eosinophils and alternatively activated macrophages. This review discusses the rediscovery of BAT, presents an overview of modes of activation and differentiation of beige and brown adipocytes, and describes the recently discovered immunological pathways that are key in mediating brown/beige adipocyte development and function. Interventions in immunological pathways harbor the potential to provide novel strategies to increase beige and brown adipose tissue activity as a therapeutic target for obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan M van den Berg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ The Netherlands
| | - Andrea D van Dam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; and
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; and
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ The Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ The Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Yoneshiro T, Kaede R, Nagaya K, Aoyama J, Saito M, Okamatsu-Ogura Y, Kimura K, Terao A. Royal jelly ameliorates diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance by promoting brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in mice. Obes Res Clin Pract 2017; 12:127-137. [PMID: 28089395 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Identification of thermogenic food ingredients is potentially a useful strategy for the prevention of obesity and related metabolic disorders. It has been reported that royal jelly (RJ) supplementation improves insulin sensitivity; however, its impacts on energy expenditure and adiposity remain elusive. We investigated anti-obesity effects of RJ supplementation and their relation to physical activity levels and thermogenic capacities of brown (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT). METHODS C57BL/6J mice were fed under four different experimental conditions for 17 weeks: normal diet (ND), high fat diet (HFD), HFD with 5% RJ, and HFD with 5% honey bee larva powder (BL). Spontaneous locomotor activity, hepatic triglyceride (TG) content, and blood parameters were examined. Gene and protein expressions of thermogenic uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV (COX-IV) in BAT and WAT were investigated by qPCR and Western blotting analysis, respectively. RESULTS Dietary RJ, but not BL, suppressed HFD-induced accumulations of WAT and hepatic TG without modifying food intake. Consistently, RJ improved hyperglycemia and the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Although dietary RJ and BL unchanged locomotor activity, gene and protein expressions of UCP1 and COX-IV in BAT were increased in the RJ group compared to the other experimental groups. Neither the RJ nor BL treatment induced browning of WAT. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that dietary RJ ameliorates diet-induced obesity, hyperglycemia, and hepatic steatosis by promoting metabolic thermogenesis in BAT in mice. RJ may be a novel promising food ingredient to combat obesity and metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yoneshiro
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kaede
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nagaya
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Julia Aoyama
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Mana Saito
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yuko Okamatsu-Ogura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kimura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Akira Terao
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan; School of Biological Sciences, Tokai University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 005-8601, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Nirengi S, Homma T, Inoue N, Sato H, Yoneshiro T, Matsushita M, Kameya T, Sugie H, Tsuzaki K, Saito M, Sakane N, Kurosawa Y, Hamaoka T. Assessment of human brown adipose tissue density during daily ingestion of thermogenic capsinoids using near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:091305. [PMID: 27135066 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.9.091305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (FDGPET/CT) is widely used as a standard method for evaluating human brown adipose tissue (BAT), a recognized therapeutic target of obesity. However, a longitudinal BAT study using FDG-PET/CT is lacking owing to limitations of the method. Near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy (NIR(TRS)) is a technique for evaluating human BAT density noninvasively. This study aimed to test whether NIRTRS could detect changes in BAT density during or after long-term intervention. First, using FDG-PET/CT, we confirmed a significant increase (+48.8%, P < 0.05) in BAT activity in the supraclavicular region after 6-week treatment with thermogenic capsaicin analogs, capsinoids. Next, 20 volunteers were administered either capsinoids or placebo daily for 8 weeks in a double-blind design, and BAT density was measured using NIR(TRS) every 2 weeks during the 8-week treatment period and an 8-week period after stopping treatment. Consistent with FDG-PET/CT results, NIR(TRS) successfully detected an increase in BAT density during the 8-week treatment (+46.4%, P < 0.05), and a decrease in the 8-week follow-up period (-12.5%, P = 0.07), only in the capsinoid-treated, but not the placebo, group. Thus, NIR(TRS) can be applied for quantitative assessment of BAT in longitudinal intervention studies in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Nirengi
- Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Division of Preventive Medicine, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho, Fukakusa, Kyoto, 612-8555, JapanbRitsumeikan University, Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi
| | - Toshiyuki Homma
- Daito Bunka University, Faculty of Sports and Health Science, 1-9-1 Takashimadaira, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 175-8571, Japan
| | - Naohiko Inoue
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Institute of Food Science & Technologies, 1-1, Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-8681, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sato
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Health & Wellness Business Dept., 15-1, Kyobashi 1-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-8315, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoneshiro
- Hokkaido University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kita 8, Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
| | - Mami Matsushita
- Tenshi College, Department of Nutrition, 1-30, Kita 13, Higashi 3, Higashi-ku, Sapporo 065-0013, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Kameya
- LSI Sapporo Clinic, 2-50, Kita 13, Higashi 1, Higashi-ku, Sapporo 065-0013, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sugie
- LSI Sapporo Clinic, 2-50, Kita 13, Higashi 1, Higashi-ku, Sapporo 065-0013, Japan
| | - Kokoro Tsuzaki
- Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Division of Preventive Medicine, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho, Fukakusa, Kyoto, 612-8555, Japan
| | - Masayuki Saito
- Hokkaido University, Kita 8, Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
| | - Naoki Sakane
- Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Division of Preventive Medicine, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho, Fukakusa, Kyoto, 612-8555, Japan
| | - Yuko Kurosawa
- Tokyo Medical University, Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hamaoka
- Tokyo Medical University, Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Gómez-Hernández A, Beneit N, Escribano Ó, Díaz-Castroverde S, García-Gómez G, Fernández S, Benito M. Severe Brown Fat Lipoatrophy Aggravates Atherosclerotic Process in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2016; 157:3517-28. [PMID: 27414981 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the major risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases and is characterized by abnormal accumulation of adipose tissue, including perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT). However, brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation reduces visceral adiposity. To demonstrate that severe brown fat lipoatrophy might accelerate atherosclerotic process, we generated a new mouse model without insulin receptor (IR) in BAT and without apolipoprotein (Apo)E (BAT-specific IR knockout [BATIRKO];ApoE(-/-) mice) and assessed vascular and metabolic alterations associated to obesity. In addition, we analyzed the contribution of the adipose organ to vascular inflammation. Brown fat lipoatrophy induces visceral adiposity, mainly in gonadal depot (gonadal white adipose tissue [gWAT]), severe glucose intolerance, high postprandial glucose levels, and a severe defect in acute insulin secretion. BATIRKO;ApoE(-/-) mice showed greater hypertriglyceridemia than the obtained in ApoE(-/-) and hypercholesterolemia similar to ApoE(-/-) mice. BATIRKO;ApoE(-/-) mice, in addition to primary insulin resistance in BAT, also showed a significant decrease in insulin signaling in liver, gWAT, heart, aorta artery, and thoracic PVAT. More importantly, our results suggest that severe brown fat lipoatrophy aggravates the atherosclerotic process, characterized by a significant increase of lipid depots, atherosclerotic coverage, lesion size and complexity, increased macrophage infiltration, and proinflammatory markers expression. Finally, an increase of TNF-α and leptin as well as a decrease of adiponectin by BAT, gWAT, and thoracic PVAT might also be responsible of vascular damage. Our results suggest that severe brown lipoatrophy aggravates atherosclerotic process. Thus, BAT activation might protect against obesity and its associated metabolic alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Gómez-Hernández
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid; Health Research Institute of San Carlos Clinic Hospital; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas 28020 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Beneit
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid; Health Research Institute of San Carlos Clinic Hospital; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas 28020 Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Escribano
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid; Health Research Institute of San Carlos Clinic Hospital; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas 28020 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sabela Díaz-Castroverde
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid; Health Research Institute of San Carlos Clinic Hospital; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas 28020 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema García-Gómez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid; Health Research Institute of San Carlos Clinic Hospital; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas 28020 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Fernández
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid; Health Research Institute of San Carlos Clinic Hospital; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas 28020 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Benito
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid; Health Research Institute of San Carlos Clinic Hospital; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas 28020 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Speakman JR, Heidari-Bakavoli S. Type 2 diabetes, but not obesity, prevalence is positively associated with ambient temperature. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30409. [PMID: 27477955 PMCID: PMC4967873 DOI: 10.1038/srep30409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold exposure stimulates energy expenditure and glucose disposal. If these factors play a significant role in whole body energy balance, and glucose homeostasis, it is predicted that both obesity and type 2 diabetes prevalence would be lower where it is colder. Previous studies have noted connections between ambient temperature and obesity, but the direction of the effect is confused. No previous studies have explored the link of type 2 diabetes to ambient temperature. We used county level data for obesity and diabetes prevalence across the mainland USA and matched this to county level ambient temperature data. Average ambient temperature explained 5.7% of the spatial variation in obesity and 29.6% of the spatial variation in type 2 diabetes prevalence. Correcting the type 2 diabetes data for the effect of obesity reduced the explained variation to 26.8%. Even when correcting for obesity, poverty and race, ambient temperature explained 12.4% of the variation in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes, and this significant effect remained when latitude was entered into the model as a predictor. When obesity prevalence was corrected for poverty and race the significant effect of temperature disappeared. Enhancing energy expenditure by cold exposure will likely not impact obesity significantly, but may be useful to combat type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John R. Speakman
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chaoyang, Beijing 100101 Peoples Republic of China
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB24 2TZ UK
| | - Sahar Heidari-Bakavoli
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chaoyang, Beijing 100101 Peoples Republic of China
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Saito M, Yoneshiro T, Matsushita M. Activation and recruitment of brown adipose tissue by cold exposure and food ingredients in humans. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 30:537-547. [PMID: 27697214 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Since the recent re-discovery of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans, this thermogenic tissue has attracted increasing interest. The inverse relationship between the BAT activity and body fatness suggests that BAT, because of its energy dissipating activity, is protective against body fat accumulation. Cold exposure activates and recruits BAT in association with increased energy expenditure and decreased body fatness. The stimulatory effects of cold are mediated through transient receptor potential channels (TRP), most of which are also chemesthetic receptors for various food ingredients. In fact, capsaicin and its analog capsinoids, representative agonists of TRPV1, mimic the effects of cold to decrease body fatness through the activation and recruitment of BAT. The anti-obesity effect of some other food ingredients including tea catechins may also be attributable to the activation of the TRP-BAT axis. Thus, BAT is a promising target for combating obesity and related metabolic disorders in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Saito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; Department of Nutrition, Tenshi College, Sapporo 065-0013, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Yoneshiro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.
| | - Mami Matsushita
- Department of Nutrition, Tenshi College, Sapporo 065-0013, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Giroud M, Pisani DF, Karbiener M, Barquissau V, Ghandour RA, Tews D, Fischer-Posovszky P, Chambard JC, Knippschild U, Niemi T, Taittonen M, Nuutila P, Wabitsch M, Herzig S, Virtanen KA, Langin D, Scheideler M, Amri EZ. miR-125b affects mitochondrial biogenesis and impairs brite adipocyte formation and function. Mol Metab 2016; 5:615-625. [PMID: 27656399 PMCID: PMC5021678 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In rodents and humans, besides brown adipose tissue (BAT), islands of thermogenic adipocytes, termed “brite” (brown-in-white) or beige adipocytes, emerge within white adipose tissue (WAT) after cold exposure or β3-adrenoceptor stimulation, which may protect from obesity and associated diseases. microRNAs are novel modulators of adipose tissue development and function. The purpose of this work was to characterize the role of microRNAs in the control of brite adipocyte formation. Methods/Results Using human multipotent adipose derived stem cells, we identified miR-125b-5p as downregulated upon brite adipocyte formation. In humans and rodents, miR-125b-5p expression was lower in BAT than in WAT. In vitro, overexpression and knockdown of miR-125b-5p decreased and increased mitochondrial biogenesis, respectively. In vivo, miR-125b-5p levels were downregulated in subcutaneous WAT and interscapular BAT upon β3-adrenergic receptor stimulation. Injections of an miR-125b-5p mimic and LNA inhibitor directly into WAT inhibited and increased β3-adrenoceptor-mediated induction of UCP1, respectively, and mitochondrial brite adipocyte marker expression and mitochondriogenesis. Conclusion Collectively, our results demonstrate that miR-125b-5p plays an important role in the repression of brite adipocyte function by modulating oxygen consumption and mitochondrial gene expression. miR-125b-5p levels negatively correlate with UCP1 expression in rodent and human. miR125b levels in white adipose tissue are positively correlated with BMI. miR-125b-5p modulates oxygen consumption. Mitochondriogenesis is controlled by miR-125b-5p. In vivo modulation of miR-125b-5p controls brown and brite adipocyte formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maude Giroud
- Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, 06100 Nice, France
| | - Didier F Pisani
- Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, 06100 Nice, France
| | - Michael Karbiener
- Department of Phoniatrics, ENT University Hospital, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Valentin Barquissau
- Inserm, UMR1048, Obesity Research Laboratory, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Daniel Tews
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, D-89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Pamela Fischer-Posovszky
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, D-89075 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Uwe Knippschild
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Surgery Center, D-89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Tarja Niemi
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, 20521, Finland
| | - Markku Taittonen
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, 20521, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, 20521, Finland; Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, D-89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Molecular Metabolic Control, Medical Faculty, Technical University Munich, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kirsi A Virtanen
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, 20521, Finland; Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Dominique Langin
- Inserm, UMR1048, Obesity Research Laboratory, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France; Toulouse University Hospitals, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Toulouse, France
| | - Marcel Scheideler
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Molecular Metabolic Control, Medical Faculty, Technical University Munich, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ez-Zoubir Amri
- Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, 06100 Nice, France.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ziętak M, Kovatcheva-Datchary P, Markiewicz LH, Ståhlman M, Kozak LP, Bäckhed F. Altered Microbiota Contributes to Reduced Diet-Induced Obesity upon Cold Exposure. Cell Metab 2016; 23:1216-1223. [PMID: 27304513 PMCID: PMC4911343 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of body temperature in cold-exposed animals requires induction of thermogenesis and management of fuel. Here, we demonstrated that reducing ambient temperature attenuated diet-induced obesity (DIO), which was associated with increased iBAT thermogenesis and a plasma bile acid profile similar to that of germ-free mice. We observed a marked shift in the microbiome composition at the phylum and family levels within 1 day of acute cold exposure and after 4 weeks at 12°C. Gut microbiota was characterized by increased levels of Adlercreutzia, Mogibacteriaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Desulfovibrio and reduced levels of Bacilli, Erysipelotrichaceae, and the genus rc4-4. These genera have been associated with leanness and obesity, respectively. Germ-free mice fed a high-fat diet at room temperature gained less adiposity and improved glucose tolerance when transplanted with caecal microbiota of mice housed at 12°C compared to mice transplanted with microbiota from 29°C. Thus, a microbiota-liver-BAT axis may mediate protection against obesity at reduced temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marika Ziętak
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Petia Kovatcheva-Datchary
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lidia H Markiewicz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marcus Ståhlman
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Leslie P Kozak
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Metabolic Receptology and Enteroendocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|